[Senate Hearing 112-897]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
S. Hrg. 112-897
BUILDING SAFER COMMUNITIES: THE IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE FEDERAL-LOCAL
COLLABORATION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT
=======================================================================
HEARING
before the
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
UNITED STATES SENATE
ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
__________
JUNE 20, 2011
__________
WILMINGTON, DELAWARE
__________
Serial No. J-112-27
__________
Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary
----------
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Washington, DC 20402-0001
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont, Chairman
HERB KOHL, Wisconsin CHUCK GRASSLEY, Iowa
DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah
CHUCK SCHUMER, New York JON KYL, Arizona
DICK DURBIN, Illinois JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama
SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina
AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota JOHN CORNYN, Texas
AL FRANKEN, Minnesota MICHAEL S. LEE, Utah
CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware TOM COBURN, Oklahoma
RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut
Bruce A. Cohen, Chief Counsel and Staff Director
Kolan Davis, Republican Chief Counsel and Staff Director
C O N T E N T S
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STATEMENTS OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Page
Coons, Hon. Christopher, a U.S. Senator from the State of
Delaware....................................................... 1
Leahy, Hon. Patrick J., a U.S. Senator from the State of Vermont. 4
prepared statement........................................... 32
WITNESSES
Witness List..................................................... 31
McFeely, Richard, Special Agent in Charge, Federal Bureau of
Investigation, Baltimore Division, Baltimore, Maryland......... 6
prepared statement........................................... 34
Coupe, Colonel Robert, Superintendent, Delaware State Police,
Dover, Delaware................................................ 9
prepared statement........................................... 42
Hosfelt, Chief James, Dover Police Department, Dover, Delaware... 12
prepared statement........................................... 50
Burch, James, Principal Deputy Director, Bureau of Justice
Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC......... 16
prepared statement........................................... 54
Fennell, Drewry, Executive Director Delaware Criminal Justice
Council, Wilmington, Delaware.................................. 18
prepared statement........................................... 63
QUESTIONS
Questions for James Burch submitted by Senator Chuck Grassley.... 65
Questions for Drewry Fennell submitted by Senator Chuck Grassley. 71
ANSWERS
Responses of James Burch to questions submitted by Senator
Grassley....................................................... 74
Responses of Drewry Fennell to questions submitted by Senator
Grassley....................................................... 92
SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD
``Combating Crime with Restorative Justice,'' by James Nolan and
Mark Brunswick, delawareonline, December 7, 2010, article...... 98
BUILDING SAFER COMMUNITIES: THE IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE FEDERAL-LOCAL
COLLABORATION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT
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MONDAY, JUNE 20, 2011
U.S. Senate,
Committee on the Judiciary,
Washington, DC.
The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 11:08 a.m.,
Second Floor Auditorium, Carvel State Office Building, 820 N.
French Street, Wilmington, Delaware, Christopher Coons
presiding.
Present: Senator Leahy.
OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. CHRISTOPHER COONS, A U.S. SENATOR
FROM THE STATE OF DELAWARE
Senator Coons [Presiding]. Good morning, ladies and
gentlemen. It is an honor to convene this hearing of the Senate
Committee on the Judiciary.
I would like to thank Chairman Leahy for allowing me the
privilege of doing so and for joining us here in Wilmington
today.
It is also an honor to welcome some of our distinguished
guests this morning, the five who will testify before this
field hearing and many others from the law enforcement
community who have joined us here in the audience.
I know I will miss a few. Hopefully, you will forgive me.
But before coming up to begin the hearing, I had noted the
presence of Delaware's United States Attorney, Charles Oberly;
our United States Marshal, Joe Papili; Senior Agent in Charge
Jeff Garvin from the United States Secret Service; Chief Zerba
from the city of Wilmington; Chief McGowan from the New Castle
County Police; Chief Collins from Selbyville; Chief Tjaden from
Delaware City; Sheriff Trinidad Navarro; and Kurt Reuther,
representing Secretary Schiliro of the Delaware Department of
Homeland Security. And I believe, also, Representative J.J.
Johnson.
Please, if you would, a round of applause for all the folks
who have joined us here today to be a part of this field
hearing.
[Applause.]
Senator Coons. I would also like to thank the distinguished
panel of witnesses who have come here today to share with us
their experience through the years of policing and justice
assistance. They have much to teach us about how State and
federal law enforcement can work together to make levels of law
enforcement from federal to State to county to local much more
effective and collaborative as they work together and share
intelligence and resources.
I wanted to hold this hearing here in Delaware because our
State has a strong history of working together with its federal
partners to deliver safer communities for our citizens. We have
a lot we can be proud of.
When I mention the topic of federal assistance to local law
enforcement, one of the first things people think of is the
number of police hiring programs, first established in 1994
through legislation authored by then-Senator Joseph Biden, some
known as COPS programs, but under many different names over
many years.
This legislation has provided state and local police with
the funding they need to hire or retain officers who would
otherwise have to be let go due to budget challenges.
Also, since the passage of the Violent Crime Control and
Law Enforcement Act of 1994, federal funding has created or
helped save 486 police officer positions in our State of
Delaware, certainly one of the signature federal-local
partnerships.
Less visible than federal funding assistance, but no less
important, is the dramatic change by the FBI and State and
local police and how they work with one another. 9/11 taught us
that the old way of doing business, when each police
department, law enforcement, or intelligence agency acted as an
island unto itself was counterproductive and, indeed, in the
context of 9/11, even dangerous.
Building off the lessons of the attacks of 9/11, Delaware
police and their federal partners have created a system of
collaborative policing that builds on the strengths of each.
State and local police remain at the front line of law
enforcement, protecting our communities. Their greater numbers
and familiarity with the communities in which we live and in
which they serve make them ideally suited to carry out their
critical public safety and policing missions.
Being a small State, Delaware's police face unique
opportunities and challenges. Delaware's size lends itself
naturally to a closely knit, highly adaptable law enforcement
community. At the same time, many of our police departments,
particularly some of our municipal departments in the southern
part of the State, are small and, as a result, can at times
lack the resources needed to develop highly specialized
techniques or units that might be needed to deal with organized
crime or other relatively rare serious crimes that have serious
consequences.
In addition, Delaware, particularly in its northern region,
may find itself a victim of crime that has its roots out of
state in our region, where Delaware police lack the authority
to investigate crimes or make arrests.
Meeting these challenges requires real collaboration with
our federal partners. The FBI is this Nation's largest law
enforcement agency, with a strong tradition of taking on the
most serious criminal threats posed to this Nation.
The FBI has national jurisdiction and is able to act across
State lines. The FBI also has a core mission of national
security and counterintelligence.
Through its working relationships at the federal level with
the NSA, CIA, and DHS, FBI has access to an unparalleled trove
of information regarding both terrorist threats and criminal
threats. While the FBI's resources are tremendous nationally,
there are only 23 full-time FBI agents here in Delaware
compared to the more than 2,000 full- and part-time State and
local police officers confronting the nearly 96,000 serious
crimes in Delaware each and every year.
FBI's Delaware profile is small in proportion to the total
threat. This has led the FBI to rely on Delaware law
enforcement as a force multiplier and Delaware law enforcement
to rely on the FBI and other federal partners as key sources of
information and resources in the fight against crime.
In the context of national security, FBI leverages local
authorities by sharing classified threat intelligence with
local police chiefs through monthly policymaker briefings, the
Delaware Information and Analysis Center, or DIAC, and the
Joint Terrorism Task Force.
By sharing this information, the FBI is able to gain
thousands of eyes on the street and the front lines of homeland
security. As we saw in New York following the Times Square
bombing attempt just last year, State and federal law
enforcement have significantly improved the flow of information
between them in both directions.
Intelligence-led policing, similarly, benefits our National
security and relies on effective communication and
collaboration between Federal, State, and local law enforcement
and our National security agencies.
With intelligence-led policing, law enforcement agencies
use crime data and computer modeling to predict crime and make
better use of their available resources.
The data and reports that intelligence-led policing creates
have the potential to be of enormous value to the
counterterrorism mission as well, but only if that data can
make its way from State and local police departments to the
federal national security agencies.
So overall, the goal of this hearing is to examine how well
federal and local collaboration, including both information-
sharing and funding support, is working using Delaware as a
model. We will examine Delaware's fusion center, which serves
as the information and analysis nerve center, for information
at every level that affects Delaware's public safety.
We will also examine the use of joint task forces which our
local police and federal partners have established to bring a
merged operational focus to counterterrorism, as well as to
keeping our streets safe from gangs, drugs and guns.
We will also look at formal information-sharing
arrangements. While Delaware's small size and the much-vaunted
Delaware way of doing business have helped allow Delaware to
innovate in these informal partnering arrangements, they can
also serve, I believe, as models for States of any sizes.
I am delighted to be joined here today by our Committee's
Chairman, Senator Leahy of Vermont, and by our distinguished
panel of witnesses.
Chairman Leahy, himself four times elected to a
prosecutorial position as State's Attorney for Chittenden
County in Vermont, is the only Democrat ever elected to the
Senate from the State of Vermont, has served now 36 years, was
the youngest elected Senator in Vermont history when elected at
the age of 34, has made landmark advances in protecting our
entire Nation through his leadership on the Judiciary
Committee, and he does all of us a great honor by joining us
here today.
Chairman Leahy.
STATEMENT OF HON. PATRICK LEAHY, A U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE
OF VERMONT
Chairman Leahy. Thank you very much, Senator Coons.
I wanted to come here because, as you heard just from his
opening statement, Senator Coons has such a great grasp of what
the issues are in something like this. I rely on him a lot. He
has chaired a number of significant hearings in the U.S. Senate
and does it in a way that it makes a difference.
I think his strong commitment to supporting state and local
law enforcement comes across very, very well. And one of the
reasons I had urged him--when he came to the Senate, I urged
him to come on the Senate Judiciary Committee. I said, ``We
have areas we can work with State and local and federal law
enforcement. For me, it is a passion, and you can be very
helpful.'' And he agreed and came there.
So then the last time I was in this city, I was with
another Senator from here, but he left to take a job with the
executive branch and found a better way to travel than taking
the train every day like he used to.
[Laughter.]
Chairman Leahy. I found the train great coming up here
today.
But we are going to hear how our federal and State law
enforcement work together to keep our streets safe. Interagency
coordination and information-sharing, especially today, is more
important than ever. We had the so-called Christmas Day bomber
attempt to detonate an explosive on the flight in 2009, and our
intelligence agencies knew his identity, but the information
had not been passed out. So he was not on the watch list.
Fortunately, it failed to detonate or all the people flying
to Detroit that day would have died. And I agree with President
Obama that that was a systemic failure. I was pleased to see
the Administration work very quickly to fill those gaps.
But we have to do this all the time to piece together the
information we have. The local police, the State police, the
federal authorities, there is a lot of information there and,
as you all know, those of you who handle criminal cases, you
know sometimes the case only gets solved when all those little
pieces are put together.
But I think that, also, continuing federal support for
State and local law enforcement is extremely important. The
Congress is focused on how to continue the economic recovery.
One effective way to both protect our citizens and create jobs
is to bolster federal resources for State and local law
enforcement.
When neighborhoods become safer, property values rise,
local economies prosper. That has happened everywhere. Now,
like Vermont, Delaware is a small State, where neighboring
jurisdictions are close by and States are close by, and
cooperation and interoperability are especially critical among
State and federal partners.
My attention to information-sharing and law enforcement
safety was shaped significantly by the Carl Draga incident in
Vermont and New Hampshire. Right along the border of our two
States, in August 1997, four people were killed, including two
New Hampshire State police officers. Three other law
enforcement officers were wounded, one grievously.
This is indelibly in my mind. The Director of the FBI at
that time, Louis Freeh, by coincidence, was staying at our home
in Vermont. And it was interesting to watch how everybody came
together, but we also saw how we had information-sharing
deficiencies. We had radios that could not talk to each other.
We had the lack of bullet-proof vests.
So it made the work of these incredibly brave police
officers that much more difficult. We acted very quickly, and
Senator Judd Gregg, a senior Republican from New Hampshire, and
I got together. We passed legislation to provide funding to
State and local law enforcement to create communications
interoperability.
Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell of Colorado and I passed
the Leahy-Campbell bill, which provided thousands and thousands
of bullet-proof vests around this country ever since then.
So I have never lost sight of how important this is. It is
one of the best investments we can make in Congress, because
crime dramatically affects communities across the country,
bigger cities like Wilmington to smaller towns like those in
Vermont and Delaware, my own town of 1,500 people.
We have to do what we can to assist the States and
communities.
Senator Coons, one, I want to thank you again for doing
this, but I also want to thank everybody who has come here on
the panel. I suspect every one of you has a million other
things you could be doing today. This is actually very helpful,
because if we are going to pass legislation, it gives the two
of us the chance to go to other Senators in both parties and
say, ``Here is what we heard.''
So thank you. Thanks, Chris.
[The prepared statement of Chairman Leahy appears as a
submission for the record.]
Senator Coons. Thank you, Chairman Leahy.
As you can tell, someone with his role as both an
authorizer and an appropriator in federal law enforcement-
related activity and with his long experience and intense
interest is a tremendous resource and ally for us as we try to
learn from this panel of distinguished witnesses today and as
we move forward.
So, now, I would like to ask the witnesses to stand. Raise
your right hand and repeat after me.
[Witnesses sworn.]
Senator Coons. Thank you. Let the record show the witnesses
have taken the oath and been duly sworn. Please be seated.
Now, we will proceed with witness introductions and
testimony, beginning with Special Agent McFeely.
Richard McFeely was appointed in August 2009 as special
agent in charge of the FBI's Baltimore division. Agent McFeely
entered on duty as an FBI special agent in February 1990.
Upon completion of training, he reported to the Buffalo
division, where he primarily worked in violent crime and street
gang matters. He served as a lead Buffalo division case agent,
investigating the Oklahoma City Federal Building bombing in
1995, in part, because the perpetrator was western New York
resident Timothy McVeigh.
In 1997, he received the New York Bar Association's Tribute
to Valor Award for dismantling a violent street gang that
terrorized the citizens of Buffalo.
Special Agent McFeely received his first supervisory field
assignment in 1999, supervising a drug squad at the Washington
field office. Following the 2001 attack on the Pentagon, he was
assigned the FBI's on-scene commander, with responsibility for
recovery of evidence and remains.
Following that assignment, Mr. McFeely supervised a
Washington field office counterterrorism squad, working
extensively with State and local and federal agencies. He was
instrumental in setting up a joint intelligence center in 2003
with the Fairfax County Police Department and other local
agencies in an effort to increase the information sharing that
is exactly our focus today.
In 2005, he received the Director's Award for his
outstanding counterterrorism investigation for his efforts in
supervising a multinational investigation into an assassination
plot against a foreign Head of State.
Mr. McFeely has strong Delaware roots as well, having
earned his B.S. degree in criminal justice from the University
of Delaware in 1985 and a J.D. from Delaware Law School in
1989.
He is married, has three children, has resided in the
Annapolis area for more than 13 years, and he honors us by his
testimony today.
Mr. McFeely, please proceed.
STATEMENT OF RICHARD MCFEELY, SPECIAL AGENT IN CHARGE, FEDERAL
BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, BALTIMORE DIVISION, BALTIMORE, MD
Mr. McFeely. Thank you, Senator. Good morning, Chairman
Leahy, Senator Coons, distinguished guests.
Senator Coons, I'll start right off by saying that your
opening statement was spot on.
I appreciate the opportunity to be here today to discuss
probably one of the single most important issues facing the
FBI, and that is exactly how do we get the information pushed
out to our State and local law enforcement partners that's
going to keep this country safe.
As you look down the long road that the FBI has traveled
since 2001, I believe you will see certain milestones that have
defined significant accomplishments in both our philosophy and
our actual capabilities on information sharing.
But I don't want to paint the illusion that we have reached
the end of the road. We are driving a vehicle that must not
only be driven faster, but at the same time, stay between the
guardrails as to what we are legally permissible to share.
The FBI has formalized a strategy that provides a
foundation to shape and implement numerous information-sharing
initiatives with our many mission partners, federal, State,
local, tribal, foreign governments, and private-sector
stakeholders, while, at the same time, protecting privacy and
civil liberties of our citizens.
Given the unprecedented threat against our homeland by
terrorist groups, I want to highlight this area first,
especially since there is no other area that I can think of
that has galvanized and inspired law enforcement to come
together and share everything that we have in order to keep our
country safe.
Since I oversee FBI field operations in Delaware and
Maryland, I'm going to discuss specific initiatives relative to
these two States. However, what I'm describing has been
mirrored across the country.
First and foremost, in order to be effective as one law
enforcement community, our partners must be educated to the
threat. To do this, they must have access to the same
information that I see every day as part of my daily threat
briefing.
We accomplish this most effectively through the
partnerships of the joint terrorism task forces, the JTTFs.
Between my two States, I have over 50 federal, State and local
police agencies assigned to our JTTF squads. In these task
forces, individual agency emblems are left at the door. All
members of the JTTF have access to the exact same information
that FBI special agents have, up to the highest classified
level, and cases are opened and assigned regardless of
individual agency affiliation.
In fact, one of my Maryland JTTF squads is actually run by
a Maryland State Police sergeant. But having a cleared police
officer have access to classified threat information without
the ability to share that to his or her chief is not a good
model for us to address the local threat and certainly not a
good model for that officer to get promoted.
Towards that end, I have offered secret clearances to all
chiefs and sheriffs within Delaware and Maryland. Many have
taken me up on this offer. These policymakers are then given a
classified threat briefing at least once a month on what the
global terrorism picture is.
We discuss everything from the types of threats, who is
making the threats, and what is our response to those threats,
which often involves their police agencies.
But I do believe that the real success story in Delaware
and Maryland has been through the cooperative nature of the
State-run fusion centers. While we have a long way to go
nationally, I think that the models for these fusion centers in
these two States are simply that, a model to be followed.
Recognizing that no one knows a community better than local
law enforcement, in both States we have devised a program where
all suspicious reporting from the general public, such as tip
lines, or from the cop on the street who's making a road stop,
all those leads are first sent to the fusion centers for
database checks and initial vetting.
While these leads are then entered into the FBI's Guardian
system at this juncture, in both States and in most cases the
initial investigation is actually conducted by a State or local
police officer or trooper assigned to what we call the Guardian
Threat Squad.
This model allows police officers and troopers who already
know their communities to best assess whether the activity
that's being reported on needs further follow-up.
Through policymaker briefs to the chiefs and direct lead
dissemination to the officers and troopers on the street, we
have effectively sandwiched our police partners right in the
middle of a top-down/bottom-up sharing of information. And in
this manner, as you pointed out in your opening statement, we
have just forcefully multiplied the eyes and ears of the FBI by
thousands of police officers in both States.
I also want to briefly discuss virtual command center, or
VCC. The VCC is an unclassified software application that's run
on the FBI's Law Enforcement Online, or LEO. It's used by the
FBI to share important information during a time of crisis.
It allows us to instantly share critical data to remote
users that now don't have to physically show up in order to get
updated information. We can share data across a wide range of
users, including first responders, emergency planners, and
anyone in a crisis management coordinating role.
Moving toward our broader information-sharing posture, I
want to just briefly discuss the sharing of actual case data.
We do this through the National Data Exchange, or N-DEx. N-DEx
is a national criminal law enforcement information-sharing
system available through LEO and other Web-based means to law
enforcement and criminal justice agencies.
It provides law enforcement agencies with a powerful
investigative tool to search, link, analyze, and share criminal
justice information on a national basis to a degree never
before possible.
N-DEx serves as a repository of information contributed by
State, local, tribal, federal law enforcement agencies,
including all of the DOJ entities, DEA, the U.S. Marshals
Service, ATF.
Data currently consists mostly of incident and arrest
reports, but eventually it will include booking, incarceration,
parole, probation, and other types of information. N-DEx allows
any agency to contribute and share law enforcement information
with any other agency that has access to the Internet.
Currently, there are 8,000 registered users and a total of
101 million records by 23 major local, State, regional and
federal criminal justice agencies. Delaware is a signatory to
the N-DEx.
In conclusion, the days of the FBI seeking to close hold
information are long gone. The bulk of our agent and analytical
core have been hired since 2001. The only FBI that they know
stresses the importance of pushing out information to those
that need it.
But while we have made great strides, we have a long way to
go. There are still many disparate databases that don't talk
with each other. Information coming from our partners in the
intelligence community often is restricted, which makes sharing
difficult. These restrictions aren't random. They are used and
put in place to protect the sources and methods that were used
to collect that information.
Because the FBI wears the Nation's dual hat as an
intelligence and a law enforcement agency, we are often caught
in the middle of how to effectively share in these situations.
And, finally, we must constantly balance our need to share
with who should know. As collectors of very sensitive
information on our citizens, we must constantly recognize the
importance of safeguarding this information; not just to
protect the sources and methods used to collect it, but equally
important, to safeguard the very same civil liberties we are
trying to protect.
These are the guardrails that I mentioned above. We must
all be safe drivers as we continue down this road.
I thank you for the opportunity to come and speak to this
Committee today.
[The prepared testimony of Mr. McFeely appears as a
submission for the record.]
Senator Coons. Thank you very much, and thank you for that
testimony. And we look forward to having the opportunity to ask
questions of the full panel.
Next, we will hear from Colonel Robert Coupe. Colonel Coupe
was appointed by Delaware's Governor as the current
Superintendent of the Delaware State Police and, in that role,
commands roughly 675 troopers and 270 civilian employees.
Colonel Coupe began his career in 1985 as a patrol trooper.
Before his appointment as superintendent, he was Commander of
the Criminal Investigative Unit, which oversaw 13 special units
comprised of 85 detectives.
Colonel Coupe was a member of the Tactical Control Unit
from 1991 to 1995 and served in the DSP Honor Guard from 1988
to 2008. In 2001, Colonel Coupe also assisted in creating the
DSP pipes and drums unit and is still a bagpiper with this
unit.
Colonel Coupe has an associate's degree in mechanical
engineering and will complete his bachelor's in criminal
justice at Wilmington University in December of this year.
Colonel Coupe is the youngest of 10 children, has been
married to Pamela Angeline Coupe for 24 years, and they have
two children, Jocelyn and Tyler.
Colonel Coupe, please proceed.
STATEMENT OF COLONEL ROBERT COUPE, SUPERINTENDENT, DELAWARE
STATE POLICE, DOVER, DE
Colonel Coupe. Thank you. Good morning, Chairman Leahy,
Senator Coons. Thank you for this opportunity.
Prior to the current increased emphasis on information and
intelligence sharing following the events of 9/11, such formal
coordination between federal, State and local law enforcement
agencies in Delaware was limited, at best.
While departments would occasionally share case data, there
was not a formal practice and was more of dependent on
friendships between individual investigators. Such information
or intelligence was considered proprietary of whatever agency
had collected it and it was not disseminated to neighboring
jurisdictions on a regular or consistent basis.
There were no shared intelligence data bases, and most
intelligence collection records were kept in a file drawer.
These practices were considered normal prior to the rise of
intelligence-led policing, which has evolved post-9/11.
Generally speaking, law enforcement agencies did not
consistently have access to critical intelligence necessary to
investigate criminal cases across jurisdictional lines or
between the federal, State and local levels.
Currently, the flow of information between federal, State
and local agencies has greatly improved with the establishment
of formal interagency relationships between federal liaisons
and fusion centers.
For example, the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force, or JTTF,
provides a formal structure for sharing of investigative
details for criminal investigations or for threat streams under
the umbrella of counterterrorism.
State and local law enforcement officers are now provided
with timely information from a variety of sources, including
federal, State and local partner agencies, to facilitate both
day-to-day operations and long-term investigations.
Delaware Information and Analysis Center, or DIAC, is the
State fusion center for Delaware, utilizing sworn officers,
intelligence analysts, and liaisons from federal partner
agencies to develop intelligence products for a variety of law
enforcement and civilian agencies.
The DIAC was created in the spring of 2005 and it serves as
a conduit and a filter for intelligence and other information
for the Delaware State Police, as well as federal, State, and
local partner agencies, both law enforcement and civilian.
The DIAC is proactive at reaching out to partner agencies
and in disseminating intelligence in a fast, efficient manner
using a variety of products.
There are several federal agencies that are represented at
the DIAC. The Department of Homeland Security, or DHS, has one
intelligence officer working at the DIAC. His primary
responsibility is to serve as the liaison between the DIAC and
federal agencies, as well as to assist in providing real-time
situational awareness.
Federal Protective Service, FPS, has one special agent
working part-time at the DIAC. Her primary responsibility is to
facilitate the flow of information between the DIAC and FPS
regarding crime, First Amendment protests, and other activities
occurring in proximity to federal facilities, as well as to
send any pertinent federal information to the DIAC.
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, ATF:
There is one analyst working at the DIAC. His primary task is
to assist with iTrafficking, which is a crime intelligence-
sharing pilot program undertaken by the International
Association of Chiefs of Police, ATF, and the Bureau of Justice
Assistance. It is currently operational in New Jersey and
Maryland is being developed in Delaware, New York, and
Pennsylvania.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI, provides
information and analytical support to the DIAC via the JTTF.
The FBI and JTTF also provide secret-level monthly meetings to
law enforcement and executive personnel, as mentioned by SAC
McFeely.
In addition, the Delaware State Police and local police
departments have officers assigned to work with Drug
Enforcement Administration, DEA, U.S. Marshals Service, and ATF
in a task force model. This facilitates operational
coordination and information sharing across jurisdictional
lines.
While the DIAC has been successful in developing important
partnerships with the previously mentioned federal agencies,
there is still work to be done at the local level. The DIAC is
focusing on providing greater intelligence support to county,
city, and local law enforcement agencies in Delaware, while
improving its crime mapping capabilities to meet the needs of
law enforcement agencies in the State as they move toward
intelligence-led policing.
The DIAC is also increasing its outreach to non-law
enforcement first responders, such as its intelligence liaison
officer program with the fire service in Delaware.
In addition, we are hoping to increase the participation
for the use of the Memex intelligence data base that is
maintained by the DIAC. It's utilized by all local and State
law enforcement.
We believe there is a promising future. We believe that the
new culture of intelligence sharing has been established in law
enforcement, and that spirit of cooperation presents a
promising future of success.
Two simple but significant examples of that success are as
follows: On January 7, 2009, the DIAC released a special
information bulletin regarding an unidentified bank robbery
suspect. The Dover Police Department contacted the Delaware
State Police later that morning with a possible name of the
suspect and that identity was confirmed several hours later by
the State Bureau of Identification using a fingerprint that was
found on the bank note.
Similarly, on May 18, 2011, the Delaware State Police
homicide unit was investigating a murder that occurred in a
motel located just outside the city of Wilmington. Two suspects
were identified, but their whereabouts were unknown and they
had no permanent address.
Investigators contacted the DIAC to request a
multijurisdictional alert to be sent to law enforcement
agencies within the region, as well as the fusion centers in
the neighboring States.
The resulting special information bulletin was quickly
disseminated to the targeted law enforcement agencies and
within 24 hours of the bulletin's issuance, patrol officers
within the city of Wilmington, working for the city of
Wilmington Police Department, located and apprehended both
suspects as they stood on a city street, having recognized them
from the bulletin. They also recovered a knife that may
possibly be the murder weapon used in the crime.
We are grateful for this opportunity to address the panel
and we're grateful for your support and we look forward to your
continued support.
Thank you.
[The prepared testimony of Colonel Coupe appears as a
submission for the record.]
Senator Coons. Thank you, Colonel Coupe. We will next hear
from Chief Robert Hosfelt. Chief Hosfelt was hired as a
patrolman for the city of Dover in September 1988, was promoted
to patrolman first class, corporal, sergeant, lieutenant,
captain, and then ultimately deputy chief in 2009.
During his career, Chief Hosfelt has served in the patrol
unit as a section leader, and in the criminal investigations
unit, serving as a detective in both drugs, vice and organized
crime, as section leader and as unit commander. He served in
the special enforcement unit in the motorcycle section as a
section leader and has served in the planning and training unit
as a drill instructor for the Dover Police Academy and as a
firearms instructor.
He has held the positions of operations division commander
and public information officer. He served on the special
operations response team for 20 years, and during that time was
both team leader and ultimately team commander.
Chief Hosfelt is a 1979 graduate of the Allegheny High
School in Cumberland, Maryland, and holds an associate's degree
in criminal justice from Delaware Technical and Community
College.
Chief Hosfelt served in the U.S. Air Force from 1980 until
1987 and is a 2010 graduate of the FBI National Academy in
Quantico, Virginia.
Chief Hosfelt resides in Dover with his wife, Sherry,
daughter, Jenna, and son, Jacob.
Chief Hosfelt, thank you for testifying today. Please
proceed.
STATEMENT OF JAMES HOSFELT, CHIEF, DOVER POLICE DEPARTMENT,
DOVER, DELAWARE
Mr. Hosfelt. Thank you. I appreciate the opportunity.
In 1988, when I began my career in law enforcement, there
didn't seem to be much in the way of information sharing. Then
it was a matter of protecting your interests and it was
believed the best way to do this was not to share information.
We, law enforcement, were more concerned about
jurisdictions and protecting what was ours than looking at the
bigger picture and what was best for everyone.
Fortunately for everyone, this appears not to be the case
now, and I believe our specialized units have helped lead the
way in this change. From my perspective, different drug units
and SWAT teams from local and State law enforcement agencies
began working together out of necessity.
They pooled their resources to accommodate long-term
investigations. This not only led to the increased information
sharing but also to increased training with other agencies as
well.
Over the course of my 23 years with the Dover Police
Department, technology, in my opinion, has had the greatest
impact on information sharing among local law enforcement,
State, and federal partners.
Twenty years ago, a police officer was dispatched to a
complaint, completed a handwritten report, turned it in to his
supervisor, who then sent it to a records division, where it
was stored unless it was asked for.
Now, officers are dispatched to a complaint either through
a computer or via radio. They complete a computer-based police
report and LEISS, which is then available for everyone having
access to the system Statewide. The same is true for arrest
warrants.
Statewide information and intelligence sharing has
increased significantly because of the Delaware Information
Analysis Center. This fusion center is the key component of
information sharing of criminal intelligence and supports
Statewide law enforcement investigations.
The success of DIAC is largely due to the information
support it receives not only from State agencies but also from
our federal partners alike. In other words, you get out of it
what you put into it.
I can think of no greater example of information and
intelligence sharing for the State of Delaware than the Dover
Downs International Speedway. Twice a year, Dover Downs hosts
NASCAR events involving all three major racing series. On a
normal day, the population of the city of Dover is believed to
be about 40,000. On these two weekends, it rises to well over
300,000 people.
Following the tragedy of September 11, 2001, the NASCAR
race at Dover Downs was the first major sporting event to be
held in the Nation. The success of that weekend and all those
following is because of the teamwork among a private business,
federal, State and local law enforcement agencies.
The joint operations center, the JOC, is a hub of activity
every race weekend, involving the collaboration of information
being shared by the Dover Police Department, Delaware State
Police, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
The FBI has become a significant partner in the
information-sharing business. Currently, the FBI hosts a
monthly information-sharing meeting, known as the policymakers
briefing. This is held at Dover Air Force Base.
Senior law enforcement officials throughout the State and
with the appropriate security clearance are invited to attend
the briefing, where terrorism information is passed on to us at
a local level. Additionally, the Dover Police Department and
the FBI have entered into a training agreement where we provide
the training location and they supply the instructors for a
wide variety of law enforcement-related subjects.
The Bureau has also provided funding for technical upgrades
to our existing facility to support these training efforts. To
this date, one class involving search and seizure has been
taught and others covering various law enforcement subjects are
planned.
Select officers throughout the State of Delaware are given
the opportunity to attend the FBI's National Academy. This
intensive 10-week course provides executive law enforcement
training, as well as a unique networking system, because each
session hosts approximately 250 students throughout the Nation,
as well as the world.
Because of the relationships formed during the session, the
information is shared by classmates throughout the Nation and
beyond far after graduation.
Currently, the Dover Police Department has two police
officers assigned full-time to the Drug Enforcement
Administration task force in Dover. This has been an ongoing
relationship since the mid 1990s and it's one we value very
much.
It is our belief that about 85 percent of our violent crime
in Dover is tied to illegal drugs. The DEA brings to the table
so much in the form of manpower and funding that helps us
continue long-term investigations.
As chief of a 93-man department, I could never afford to
fund a long-term investigation involving wiretaps and
surveillance. But because of the resources that the DEA brings,
both manpower and funding, I am able to conduct these types of
investigations. The obvious result of any investigation is the
arrest of those involved. But what comes with that is the
seizure of money, property, and vehicles once owned by those
arrested.
As you well know, 80 percent of all assets seized during
these investigations come back to local law enforcement
agencies involved in the investigation.
This is significant and provides the Dover Police
Department with additional funding to support equipment
purchases and training initiatives, which ultimately come back
to support the fight against the illegal drug trade.
One recent example: With the support of the DEA and the
Delaware State Police, and the Dover Police Department, we are
in the final stages of a major investigation involving illegal
prescription medication. Thousands of pills have been brought
into the Dover area by this identified group, which extends
over 1,500 miles away.
Because of the long arm of the DEA, we have been able to
arrest the dealers in my area, as well as the supplier several
States away. The case is expected to result in the seizure of
millions of dollars in money, property and vehicles, all of
which will help support our ongoing efforts to combat illegal
drugs.
The United States Marshals Service and their fugitive
recovery team have been of great assistance to the Dover Police
Department over the course of the last few months. On two
separate occasions, the Marshals task force has responded to
Dover and assisted in the recovery of two subjects wanted on
several felony charges.
The first subject was a known felon and was, again, wanted
on several charges relating to receiving, possessing and
concealing stolen firearms. The second subject was wanted in
connection with the ongoing rape of a 10-year-old female. On
both occasions, it was believed that the subjects were staying
in the area, but could not be located without the assistance of
the Marshals task force and the specialized equipment they
bring to the table.
It is not just these federal agencies described above who
assist us. There are several other examples, such as the ATF
supplying a sketch artist, which helped our criminal
investigation unit with a long-term burglary investigation; the
Secret Service conducting polygraph examinations; or ICE
helping with counterfeit merchandise and trademark violations
at Dover Downs.
With any program, there is always room for improvement, but
the collaboration between federal, State and local law
enforcement in Delaware has to be an example for others to
follow. I believe the size of our State has a lot to do with
that and allows for direct communications at events such as our
policymakers briefing with the FBI and our Delaware Police
Chiefs Council meetings.
The Dover Police Department is also grateful for the
funding supplied through the COPS hiring program. As a result
of this funding, Dover Police Department was able three 911
dispatchers in 1997, four law enforcement patrol officers in
2002, two school resource officers in 2004, and one additional
patrol officer in 2009. All those hired under the COPS program
are still employed and working full-time for the Dover Police
Department.
Has this public funding led to measurable public safety
improvements? Without a doubt. During each of the last five
years, I have seen a significant increase in the number of
complaints assigned to my officers and without the support
received through the COPS program, my department's ability to
provide quality public service would have been diminished.
The addition of these officers has given the Dover Police
Department the flexibility to reallocate manpower, to address
specific problems in high-crime areas. It has allowed us the
option of adding officers to the criminal investigation and the
drug unit to support the growing trend of violent crime and
gang activity in my city.
In closing, I leave you with this. The cooperation between
federal, State and local law enforcement continues to have a
positive effect on crime in our communities. The benefits are
obvious to those in law enforcement and have helped them
improve the quality of life for the residents of Dover.
It is vital that this cooperation between law enforcement
agencies continue, and I urge your continued support through
funding sources such as the COPS program.
Thank you.
[The prepared testimony of Mr. Hosfelt appears as a
submission for the record.]
Senator Coons. Thank you, Chief Hosfelt.
Next, we will hear from James Burch. Jim Burch is Deputy
Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance in the Office of
Justice Programs in the U.S. Department of Justice, where he
has served for 17 years.
Mr. Burch is responsible for overseeing VJA's efforts
designed to improve leadership in criminal justice policy and
to provide services and resources to State, local and tribal
law enforcement and criminal justice agencies to improve our
National justice system.
VJA is the largest of OJP's components, responsible for a
budget of approximately $1.5 billion, an average of 11,000
grant projects each year, and sponsoring roughly 2,000 annual
training events reaching roughly 70,000 criminal justice
professionals.
During his tenure at VJA, Mr. Burch has led efforts to
enhance accountability and communications with the field, to
integrate evidence-based practices into VJA programs and
resources, and to position VJA to best assist local law
enforcement in implementing crime reduction and prevention
strategies.
Mr. Burch has a master of science in administration from
Central Michigan University with a focus on administration and
law enforcement and a B.A. in criminal justice from the
University of Maryland-College Park.
Mr. Burch, thank you for joining us, and please proceed.
Chairman Leahy. If I can just note, all statements will be
placed in the record in full. So you may want to summarize the
high points on it, but just so you know, the record will be in
full.
Also, on the questions afterward, once you get the
transcript back and you say, ``What I should have added was,''
please do so, because this becomes actually part of the records
of the U.S. Senate and will be used as we are going forward on
legislation involving this.
So do not worry. If you think you leave something out here,
you are going to get plenty of time to correct the record and
add to it.
Thank you.
Senator Coons. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Burch.
STATEMENT OF JAMES BURCH, PRINCIPAL DEPUTY DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF
JUSTICE ASSISTANCE, OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS, WASHINGTON, DC
Mr. Burch. Chairman Coons and Chairman Leahy, thank you for
inviting me to be here today. I'm pleased to have this
opportunity to discuss federal, State and local collaboration.
VJA's mission--my agency's mission--is to provide
leadership and services and criminal justice policy development
to support State and local law enforcement strategies to
achieve safer communities.
The resources available are of critical importance to our
partners, particularly in this challenging economic time. While
National and most local crime rates remain at historically low
levels, there are also cities, counties and States that are
experiencing spikes in certain violent crime. Gang crime
continues to impact many neighborhoods, and the continuing
threat of terrorism posed by domestic and foreign extremists
remains an enduring constant challenge for our homeland.
Additionally, as all levels of government are affected by
the economic crisis, we are doing our part to ensure that
taxpayer dollars are used in ways that are effective and
efficient, identifying and seizing on cost savings whenever
possible.
Effective collaboration and partnerships between federal
agencies and local justice agencies in investing in innovation
and evidence-based approaches are key to addressing emerging
and continuing challenges, especially in this economic climate.
While VJA's mission is to support State and local agencies
specifically, partnering with other federal agencies that have
critical State and local resources is also essential.
I want to acknowledge the important collaboration emerging
between my office, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, and the
Department's Community-Oriented Policing Office, which also has
critical resources available to State and local agencies, as
you've heard here today so well.
Supporting partnerships with local law enforcement is a top
priority of this Administration and of this Department of
Justice. In particular, the Administration remains firmly
committed to the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance
Grants Program, or JAG program, administered through what I
believe is a unique federal, State and local partnership
approach that allows for leadership and accountability while
also providing flexibility in local funding decisions.
The JAG program, which is administered nationally by VJA
and state agencies such as the Delaware Criminal Justice
Council, represented here today, is the leading source of
federal justice funding that can be used in almost any area of
the justice system.
The Administration has requested $519 million in funding
for the JAG program in fiscal year 2012.
Since 2009, VJA has awarded over $2.9 billion in JAG
funding across the Nation. This figure includes funding that
was awarded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.
Of that, $16 million was awarded in fiscal year 2009 and fiscal
year 2010 to the State of Delaware and to local eligible
jurisdictions here within the State. These funds support both
innovative crime-fighting approaches, as well as basic criminal
justice operations.
We also recognize that in addition to funding, training and
technical assistance is an effective use of public safety
dollars. As budgets continue to be leaner and our grant funding
becomes leaner and, therefore, more competitive, our training
and technical assistance efforts will provide even more vital
support to our partners.
We provide training and facilitate expert assistance on any
criminal justice issue of concern to any local jurisdiction,
and that goes to any justice organization, not just to those
entities that receive our funding, but any justice entity can
receive these services.
For example, we recently provided training to approximately
200 law enforcement and corrections personnel in Dover on
identifying the characteristics of an armed gunman, and that
was in follow up to training we did in 2007 on similar topics.
Our training efforts are the underpinning of many of our
new and innovative programs, including our officer safety
initiative. Tragically, we have all seen and heard the stories
about the increased number of law enforcement officers killed
in the line of duty. In 2010, the statistics saw an increase of
40 percent over 2009 line-of-duty deaths.
Since January of 2011, in that short period of time, more
than 84 law enforcement officers have been killed in the line
of duty. Our VALOR initiative, which is part of our officer
safety program, is designed to help prevent line-of-duty deaths
and ambush-style attacks on law enforcement officers through a
comprehensive array of training and technical assistance.
Another key component for us is the Regional Information-
Sharing Systems program, or RISS, which provides secure
information sharing and other resources for local law
enforcement. The RISS program is helping us to address officer
safety by launching a secure officer safety Web site, a
deconfliction system, an event deconfliction system, to prevent
inadvertent officer-on-officer incidents, particularly in
undercover scenarios, and through other resources.
VJA will continue to work with our law enforcement partners
to support the critical risk program. Strong information
sharing is also an important component of this response, as are
partnerships such as the ones discussed in my written
testimony, between the FBI, the Department of Homeland
Security, and through the leadership of the United States
Attorneys.
Investing in evidence-based programs is also a priority for
the President and for the Attorney General. We have been
working diligently in the Bureau of Justice Assistance and the
Department of Justice to build a base of knowledge, to
translate that knowledge into practice, and to otherwise
promote scientific integrity in the criminal justice work that
we do.
Programs such as our smart policing initiative builds on
the concepts of intelligence-led policing, offender-based and
place-based policing by replicating evidence-based strategies
and encouraging new, unique solutions to public safety
problems.
Our justice reinvestment initiative is also an example of a
data-driven approach to help control spending on corrections
and reinvest savings into more cost-effective strategies.
Justice reinvestment has shown significant results in
communities throughout the country, including in Vermont, and I
am pleased to report that Delaware is now well engaged in this
initiative, thanks to an impressive group of leaders here in
the state working through the Criminal Justice Council.
Chairman Coons and Chairman Leahy, I would like to thank
you again for the opportunity to participate today. So much of
the responsibility for crime control falls on the local
communities, and we are committed to assisting them through
timely resources and through partnerships.
Delaware has been a place of great opportunity and will
continue to be thanks to the collective leadership represented
here today.
This concludes my oral statement. I am pleased to answer
any questions.
[The prepared testimony of Mr. Burch appears as a
submission for the record.]
Senator Coons. Thank you, Mr. Burch.
Chairman Leahy is going to have to leave us in about 10
minutes to catch a train back to Washington. I am hoping he
will get to ask a first round of questions before we do so.
It is my great pleasure, finally, to introduce Ms. Drew
Fennell, the Executive Director of the Criminal Justice Council
of Delaware, just referred to by Mr. Burch.
Prior to assuming that position, she was executive director
of the ACLU of Delaware. She began her legal career as an
employment attorney with Young, Conaway, Stargatt & Taylor;
received an undergraduate degree in English from University of
Delaware; and received her law degree with honors from Rutgers
School of Law in Camden, where she served on the law journal.
Following graduation, she clerked for Judge Balick of the
Delaware Court of Chancery, and is admitted to the Delaware
Bar.
Ms. Fennell is active in the community and serves on a
number of boards and was appointed by Governor Jack Markell to
the Judicial Nominating Commission and served until her
appointment as executive director of the CJC.
She received in 2008 the New Lawyers Distinguished Service
Award from the Delaware State Bar and the 2010 Mary Philbrook
Public Interest Award from Rutgers School of Law in Camden.
Ms. Fennell, please proceed.
STATEMENT OF DREWRY FENNELL, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, DELAWARE
CRIMINAL JUSTICE COUNCIL, WILMINGTON, DE
Ms. Fennell. Thank you. Chairman Leahy, Senator Coons, and
distinguished guests, I am Drew Fennell, Executive Director of
the Criminal Justice Council, and I'd like to thank you for
this opportunity to tell you how federal criminal justice
spending improves public safety on the ground in our State. And
I'd also like to share with you a little bit about the exciting
work we're engaged in as part of the Bureau of Justice
Assistance justice reinvestment initiative.
The Delaware CJC, Criminal Justice Council, was first
formed in 1968 and acts as the State administering agency for
all the funding through the Office of Justice Programs. The
Council was created by statute and is comprised of 27 criminal
justice professionals, including six cabinet secretaries, the
presiding judges of all our State courts, the Delaware attorney
general, U.S. attorney general, chiefs of the major State,
local and county law enforcement agencies, as well as three
community representatives. And our current chair is our
Lieutenant Governor, Matt Denn.
Here in Delaware, our communities are safer because of the
funding we receive through the Office of Justice Programs. In
partnership with the Federal Government, we're able to ensure
that Delaware's criminal justice system is fair, efficient, and
accountable.
The federal funding we distribute has a real effect in our
communities. Later today, the Council will vote to award over
$4 million in federal funding to State and local law
enforcement, courts, corrections, victims services, and
community providers united in a common effort to ensure public
safety.
We have really worked hard to create a strategic planning
effort to coordinate resources and prioritize funding for
efforts to serve populations such as the mentally ill in our
justice system.
Earlier this year, the Council funded a mental health
crisis intervention training for law enforcement and as part of
the same effort, federal funds support Delaware's mental health
court.
In addition, Delaware provides intensive supporting
services through our mental health courts, which reduces the
number of days offenders with mental illness spend in our
prisons and psychiatric hospitals.
Together, these efforts reduce recidivism, save money, and
improve public safety.
Building on our foundation of interagency cooperation and
strong strategic planning, the Criminal Justice Council
recently embarked on the first steps of the justice
reinvestment initiative, funded and supported by the VJA.
The justice reinvestment initiative is a data-driven
process designed to allocate and manage criminal justice
resources in the most cost-effective way to improve public
safety. This initiative has required enormous commitment from
our Governor, our courts, legislative leaders, and criminal
justice authorities. And to succeed, we must continue to
improve our information-sharing capability, collect and analyze
criminal justice data, and develop policies and strategies
based on that data so that we can implement evidence-based
policies to increase public safety.
The data analysis and information sharing required by the
justice reinvestment initiative will augment our already robust
law enforcement capacity in this area. Our goal is to provide
information and analysis that will guide decision making at all
stages of our criminal justice system.
A strong information-sharing network will allow prevention,
reentry, juvenile justice, corrections, and the courts to
respond effectively to the realities of crime in Delaware and
be certain that their efforts are effective in reducing crime.
VJA brings more than just funding to Delaware. They also
bring enormous technical expertise and knowledge of best
practices. For us, as for many States, the move toward
evidence-based programs is demanding. But with the commitment
of our State's leaders and support from our federal partners
and funding from your Senate, we are making excellent progress.
We are in the beginning stages of important work, and I
look forward to briefing you in the future about the fruits of
our efforts.
Thank you for your time.
[The prepared testimony of Ms. Fennell appears as a
submission for the record.]
Senator Coons. Thank you very much, Ms. Fennell. Thank you
to the entire panel for your testimony.
As I mentioned, Chairman Leahy needs to depart soon for a
train to Washington, and I would like him to ask the first
question we ask of this panel today.
Chairman Leahy.
Chairman Leahy. Thank you very much. Again, I want to thank
Chris Coons for doing this. Incidentally, when you hear him
talk about his concerns for law enforcement, he does not say it
just here. We hear it a lot in Washington, too. You have a
strong advocate there.
In a way, I wish this hearing could be replicated in 49
other States with what we have heard. And I am just going to
ask a couple questions.
I was struck by something, Colonel, that you said, and it
was also echoed by the chief. You started out basically as
patrolman--not patrolman, just an officer. And we sometimes
joked in our State Police that if one of the young officers
screwed up, they had to walk a beat on the interstate. I never
actually saw that.
But what you said about proprietary information, things
being shared based on friendship and all, I recall those days
and I recall that concern, and, Chief, you said something
similar.
Now, we have 18,000 separate police departments in this
country. They range from very small departments--the small
sheriff's department, a small local department--up to the State
police.
There is no one-size-fits-all. But I like to think we have
moved from the days where if you know something, you might tell
them; otherwise, you do not.
In an era today, none of us can survive that way. So I was
pleased by what you said. Do you feel that this has been a
remarkable change or a good change, an evolving change during
your time in law enforcement?
Colonel Coupe. Yes, sir. I would--the last way you phrased
that, evolving change. We're not there yet. There is still room
for improvement. But the communication is much better.
An area that we are still growing in is the automated
intelligence system. In our State, it's software that's
referred to as Pemex. And that's for storing criminal
intelligence, and right now, that's something that we're still
marketing within the State to get the trust from our local
partners, that it is okay to put information into there and
that you still maintain some control of your case, but at the
same time, you're sharing information.
And they do that through a pointer system, where if you
entered information about a particular suspect that you were
looking at and I were to go in and either get ready to enter
information on the same suspect or ask about that suspect,
instead of giving me all the details of your case, it would put
you and I together. It would point me in your direction.
And that's a positive movement for law enforcement, because
there are times where many of our investigations are sensitive.
So you can't put everything out there. But it is important that
there is enough out there that we get together and work
together.
Chairman Leahy. Chief, what about you? How do you feel?
Mr. Hosfelt. Well, I agree. Again, the information sharing
starts at a local level with the State, and then our federal
partners come in. But to me, 9/11 2001 was the critical stage.
That's when we realized we had to do a better job of
information sharing, and it's not just with terrorism activity,
but it was just criminal information sharing as a whole.
Chairman Leahy. And you referred to the fusion center,
which you talked about before. Is that something where the
Federal Government can help, can bring the various pieces
together by pieces of all the different law enforcement and
those involved?
Mr. Hosfelt. Yes. This is a program that's run by the
State. It's managed by the State. We share in that information
gathering and inputting the information into it, and, again,
that information is shared by our federal and our regional
partners, as well. They bring information back to us; we bring
information to them at the fusion center, as it is.
Chairman Leahy. You probably saw me making some notes here
earlier. I am thinking of some things that I am going to be
talking about back home in Vermont.
Ms. Fennell, we would love to have somebody in Vermont
announce the amount of money you are going to announce later
today. I saw some ears perk up in the audience.
And I liked what Mr. Burch, who has testified before our
Committee before, talked about, the various programs and the
sharing. And I think you have seen a major move forward in
that, and I should compliment Senators who have been there
before. Former Senator Biden was the one who pushed for that.
It is something that we have tried very, very hard in the
Judiciary Committee to authorize and then the Appropriations
Committee to fund.
So I am glad to see it. I am glad to see it coming
together. I think there is nothing worse or nothing could be
worse than somebody in law enforcement to say we missed this
person because they knew about it, but the person was in our
jurisdiction and we did not know about it.
I understand the fact that you have got some things--if you
are using investigators, you are using informants or something
like that, you have to keep these things protected.
But I am going to leave and I am actually going to read the
transcript, but I was reading your testimony, Chief, and,
Colonel, Mr. Burch, Agent McFeely, and Ms. Fennell, last night
and it gives me--when I compare this to what I was hearing a
couple decades ago in the Judiciary Committee, you are light
years ahead of where we were in law enforcement then.
We have always good, honest, hardworking people in law
enforcement, but now we have a criminal element and an element
of terrorism that moves way beyond anything that most of us saw
in our earlier careers in law enforcement.
So I applaud you all for doing this. And, Chris, thank you
for doing this.
Senator Coons. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Chairman Leahy. Thank you. And I will leave.
Senator Coons. Folks, can we have a round of applause for
the Chairman for joining us today?
[Applause.]
Senator Coons. The Chairman was sharing with me earlier
that he wanted me to continue with questions. We discussed
before the hearing a number of issues that he and I both share
strong interest in, and we will probably do about another half
an hour's worth of question-and-answer with the panel, if I
might, and he will be reviewing the full transcript.
As he mentioned before, if there are things in either your
written testimony or in follow-up that you would like to expand
on, the record will stay open for a number of days so that we
can end up having a full record that will be shared with all
the Members of the Committee.
It is a strong Committee that is very actively engaged in
oversight and support of all the federal programs that relate
to law enforcement, as well as intellectual property. I have
some questions about both of those, if I might.
I would just follow up on the line the Chairman was
following there to Special Agent McFeely. The Department of
Justice, as I understood it from your testimony, is working on
a next generation data base to link crime reports, N-DEx. And
can you speak about what that system will mean, how Delaware is
helping in its creation?
Chief, I understand that Delaware is unique in that all law
enforcement agencies in the State are utilizing the same crime
reporting system. I would be interested in hearing how that has
helped with information sharing.
If you would, Agent McFeely.
Mr. McFeely. Delaware is unique in the fact that they are
moving to one. There is basically one database that they use to
collect the information.
Compare that to Maryland. There are 134 different police
agencies there, and there are 134 different databases. What you
need in a situation like that, which pretty much mirrors the
rest of the Nation, is some solution that is pushed out there
that (a) is available to police agencies and (b) is free of
charge.
This N-DEx that is being pushed out is both of those
things. It provides anybody with an Internet connection, which
is most police agencies now throughout the country, the ability
to do exactly what we are talking about here and exchanging
real-time case information.
And there have been numerous initiatives over the years
that have been put forth. The beauty of N-DEx is that it is
managed by the Criminal Justice Information Services Division
of the FBI, which also maintains NCIC and III, as well as all
the fingerprints and the biometric data that the world
collects.
So it is in good hands out there and it provides its robust
work and already has that linkage through NCIC with every
police agency in the Nation.
Senator Coons. Thank you.
Chief Hosfelt and Colonel Coupe, if you would talk about
our progress to date in rolling out N-DEx and what you see as
the major challenges to getting all the agencies in the State
to fully participate, and what will the benefits be once we get
there.
Colonel Coupe. As has been alluded to already by the chief
and by SAC McFeely, we are unique in Delaware in that we use
one crime reporting system. That is an automated crime report.
All that information is stored at DELJIS.
So in late 2009, early 2010, Delaware was able to agree and
go online with N-DEx and provide that information to the FBI
for inclusion in their database and access throughout the
country.
So that part is already taken care of for Delaware, and
because we only had one crime report and one central area of
storage, we are already 100 percent participating in that.
Training for Delaware in that program just began in April
2011. Right now, that has been limited to a small pocket of
investigators from different agencies and also from the DSP,
but that training will be expanded on to utilize the system.
As far as feedback from the use of the system, I don't have
that today, but I'm told that it has worked. It is providing
what was requested. The challenge now is to get other agencies
outside of the State of Delaware to participate.
As SAC McFeely said, some states are not as fortunate as
us. So they may have so many different operating systems. It is
going to take a while until they are all online.
Senator Coons. So what are the challenges to getting all of
the law enforcement entities within the State of Delaware to
participate?
Colonel Coupe. Right now, because of DELJIS commitment, all
of their reports are already there.
Senator Coons. Automatically.
Colonel Coupe. Now, the part for us is getting everyone
trained in Delaware to have access to it, which will be--it
will be helpful for an investigation.
As was already stated, through NCIC, things like that, we
can track someone's criminal history in another State, but we
didn't have access to the crime report.
But now if you do someone's criminal history, you see a
particular crime that you're interested in, you could actually
research and look at the actual investigative report
information there that may help you in your investigation and
point you to a particular investigator in another State or a
particular agency.
Senator Coons. And to what extent do City of Wilmington,
New Castle County, DSP investigators that are dealing with
crime, particularly drug crime that may be regional in its
origin or gang-related crime, are they hampered by the lack of
that interconnectivity in the region outside the State of
Delaware?
Colonel Coupe. There are challenges there, and I'll let the
chief speak on that, as well, because he has experience
directly as a drug investigator. But, yes. Right now, the
conduit oftentimes is the DEA, that we use them, go through
them, sharing information, or it's because someone has a
contact in another State with another agency and you reach out.
But as far as accessing data bases, that is still a
challenge. And as Mr. Burch mentioned about RISS and
deconfliction, there is an effort there to go with a broader
deconfliction. Right now, we use a system within our State, but
this would help us broaden that circle within our State and
outside of our State and the region, and we are working with
them on that to figure out how to build that infrastructure.
Senator Coons. That is great.
Chief Hosfelt, did you want to add something?
Mr. Hosfelt. The relationship with the DEA is important
simply because it brings everyone together, whether it's my
investigators in Dover working with local law enforcement in
New Jersey because of their connections with the Drug
Enforcement Administration task force.
It is not uncommon for us to work cases together. Again, I
spoke earlier of us working the case several States away, 1,500
miles away, and we are able to do that because of our
connection with the DEA.
In Dover, speaking back to--criminals just don't stay in
Dover. He may commit a crime in Dover, but he is also going to
commit that crime in New Castle County or in Sussex County. And
it may not be--it may be as simple as an investigator reading
about the arrest of someone in Dover, some crime that we have
handled or investigated.
He reads that, he looks into that person because of the
intelligence and because of the information sharing that we
have with our reports, the LEISS system and the DELJIS system,
he can research that person, look at that warrant, find out
that he is operating the same way in Dover as he has in Sussex
County, and, again, they can build their case from there and
that information is immediately available to them once it is
put into the system by the officer investigating.
Senator Coons. Thank you.
Mr. Burch, I was interested in hearing more about what VJA
has done to incorporate evidence into its programs. We have
heard that evidence-based policing has been a major change
across the country.
Can you talk a little bit more about DOJ's evidence
integration initiative and how that seeks to facilitate more
effective partnerships between federal and State grantees?
Mr. Burch. Yes, sir. I would be glad to do that. And on the
latter point, some of our funding that we have provided for
information sharing we have also encouraged agencies to use to
connect to N-DEx nationally. And so we have provided some
funding along those lines, as well.
In terms of integrating evidence into our programs--and for
those in the audience today, just to clarify here, what we are
talking about is learning lessons from other places, other
communities that have implemented similar strategies,
determining what is most effective at reducing and preventing
crime, and then showing others how to replicate those
strategies across the country.
And so the smart policing initiative is one place where we
have done just that. And so, for example, fairly close to where
we are today, in Philadelphia, we funded the Philadelphia
Police Department to go in and do an experiment with foot
patrols, foot patrols in high-crime areas or hot spots that the
city of Philadelphia is dealing with.
We want to evaluate that approach. We know that it can be
effective. We want to know why it is effective. We want to know
how much of it relates to actual positive outcomes.
We are doing similar work in other places. In Glendale,
Arizona, for example, we are experimenting with problem-
oriented policing approaches to deal with burglaries. A number
of communities today are seeing increases in burglaries in
their communities sand so we want to develop strategies and
tools that we can give to other departments that they can
replicate, as well.
But this is--evidence integration is not something we have
just limited to our work in law enforcement. We are doing the
same with drug courts, for example. Drug courts are very
successful in helping folks avoid incarceration and receive the
drug treatment that they need.
We have learned from a recent evaluation about those drug
courts about exactly what it is that makes them effective. So
we are now retooling our drug court funding to be even more
focused on those very specific strategies that can make a
difference, and we are doing this in areas of prisoner reentry,
as well, for those that deserve a second chance to make sure
that we know what can be effective with them and how we support
them.
Senator Coons. Thank you.
I would be interested, Ms. Fennell, if I might, in hearing
from both you and Mr. Burch about the justice reinvestment
program. What opportunities do you see for Delaware in
implementing that, what you think that might bring to our
community as you try to do your best with limited federal
resources?
As someone who has the fortune or misfortune of serving on
the Budget Committee, as well as the Judiciary Committee, I see
the increasing challenges our federal budget faces. I am
pleased to hear Mr. Burch and Special Agent McFeely talk about
how our federal partners are doing their best to leverage
resources, to make them go farther. They are trying to learn
from experiences around the country.
But, Ms. Fennell, if you would just speak about both--there
is a mental health court you referenced and the new RPI that
you referenced. I would be interested in how you think those
will be successful in making our communities safer.
Ms. Fennell. Well, let me--I will start quickly with the
mental health court, because that is something we are well
underway with. Our Council engaged in a strategic planning
process, and one of the identified areas of priority was mental
illness in the criminal justice system.
It poses a great threat to people in the community and law
enforcement when there are encounters between people in crisis
and law enforcement. We have done a lot of training with law
enforcement, three days with law enforcement, corrections
officers, and core personnel on how to help people with serious
mental illness and keep them and the people who are around them
safe.
And then to follow that up, with mental health court and
the kind of supports they are able to provide, with having an
intense relationship with a particular judge and group of case
managers to make sure those folks get what they need to stay
safe and to stay out of jail and to stay out of trouble.
It is a very tough problem, but one I think our agencies
really worked very hard to coordinate efforts across the
justice system.
Justice reinvestment is a new initiative. We have just
really started our work with the Institute of Justice through
the Bureau of Justice Assistance.
One of the things that it responds to, I think, most
beautifully is what you just described, limitation of
resources. There is a really focused effort to try to identify
those functions that work really well and expend our resources
on what we know works, both to reduce spending, to reduce our
corrections population and the spending we spend on that--money
we spend on that, but, also, to ensure that we have timely law
enforcement data available to everyone so that we never
endanger public safety.
Whenever you're trying to put change into a system, there
is always a concern that whatever changes you do will have some
unintended consequences. And one of the things about Delaware
that I think is really great is the fact that we have this
unified reporting system.
We have great access to our data and we can--in ways that
some other jurisdictions can't--really provide timely feedback
on how well we're doing.
Are we spending less money? Are we increasing public
safety? Are we making our communities both safer and stronger
by making sure that we are providing the kind of prevention
resources, reentry resources, and law enforcement resources for
them to integrate into a good program that makes them safe and
strong and secure?
Senator Coons. Thank you.
Colonel Coupe and Chief Hosfelt, one of the things Chairman
Leahy referenced was over his decades on the Judiciary
Committee and, before that, his service as a local prosecutor--
he is well aware of the long tradition, the culture of sort of
hanging onto the information rather than sharing. And I am
impressed with the progress we have made in Delaware with the
DIAC, grateful for the leadership role Special Agent McFeely
has taken in offering the sort of monthly policymakers
briefings and extending clearances and coordinating both the
national security and anti-crime focus.
What else do we need to be doing in Delaware to continue to
make progress toward a culture of collaboration, integration
and information sharing, and what else is there that we
federally could be doing to help bring resources to that task?
Mr. Hosfelt. I think as far as federal help, the perfect
example, nothing more, is our Delaware policymakers briefing
that we have. It is great information. It is shared at a local
level. And you, obviously, have to have the proper security
clearance to hear the information and I think that is
important.
And it may also be as simple as--and I will use this--the
local office of the FBI has two agents assigned to it. Both
those agents are what I will call, for lack of a better term,
Dover kids. They grew up in the area. They went to school
there. They worked as Delaware State Troopers before going on
board with the FBI in the Dover area.
So, again, most of us, we grew up together in law
enforcement. So we have that common bond and communication
flows freely. We are not protecting it. We understand the big
picture. Again, we have been working together for so many
years, I think that is a great help to us in the Dover area.
Obviously, I can't speak to other jurisdictions, but I know
in my immediate area, that is of great help to us and just the
communication is key.
As far as local law enforcement, I think more trusting and
I think we are learning to do that as far as the information
sharing. And, again, I said it earlier, that you get out of it
what you put into it, and I agree with that. I think that is a
good statement. It is important for us to get the information
out there so that we can all work together toward the common
goal.
I mean, we say that a lot, but it needs to be done, and I
think we are doing a much better job of that here lately.
Senator Coons. I know that both Colonel Coupe and Chief
McGowan and their respective predecessors worked very hard to
improve the partnership and the collaboration between county
and state police.
Anything else that we could be doing to try and encourage
that all up and down the chain, city, county, State, and then
partnerships with our federal friends?
Colonel Coupe. I think the important thing is the financial
support that the Federal Government brings. Many of the
programs that we have success with were established through
grant funding directly from the Federal Government, through one
of the programs.
For example, the fusion center itself was stood up with
grant funding. Certain positions are still supported, and the
State has to take on much of that burden.
So the sustainment of the fusion center is such an integral
piece in this intelligence network that it is important for
that support.
Another example that is not quite as visible, but, again,
it was created with grant funding, and that is our forensic
firearms unit, which is a partnernship with the ATF, utilizing
NIBIN, the National Integrated Ballistics Imaging Network, but
that was----
Senator Coons. You cannot have a good law enforcement
hearing without some new acronyms.
Colonel Coupe. Some acronyms.
[Laughter.]
Colonel Coupe. But it was--the expert that was brought on
board was initially funded through a grant. He is now a full-
time employee with the State of Delaware, Delaware State
Police, and that program has many success stories where we are
talking about sharing intelligence, examining evidence from a
crime scene, inputting it into the national database, and
developing a lead based on the sharing of information,
sometimes within our own State, sometimes outside of the State.
And, currently, because of the workload that that unit has
taken on, we have acquired grant funding to hire a contact
employee part-time to support our expert. But that wouldn't be
possible without the grant funding that we are getting from the
Federal Government and the assistance with our own Criminal
Justice Council here in Delaware.
Senator Coons. I have two more topics I will touch on
briefly. Then we will come to a close.
Intellectual property protection is something that is of
great importance to Chairman Leahy and to me. Your written
testimony, Special Agent McFeely, spoke to that, the
significant work that the FBI is doing in intellectual property
protection and some of the work that has been done.
And, Chief Hosfelt, some of your testimony also related to
Dover Downs. There is actually some counterfeit enforcement
that needs to be done.
And, Mr. Burch, it is also something VJA has helped local
law enforcement strengthen their capacity to do. So I did not
know if any of the three of you wanted to comment on what you
see as the biggest challenges and opportunities in partnering
together to make sure that we protect American intellectual
property, which, in some ways, is one of our greatest sources
of exports and of new job creation, something a lot of Delaware
companies take very seriously, and a number of you have been
directly involved in important enforcement actions.
Mr. McFeely, do you want to comment on that?
Mr. McFeely. I think one of the biggest challenges right
now is understanding how the cyber threat relates to the loss
of intellectual property, basically the exfiltration of data
that companies are investing billions of dollars of R&D,
research and development, into in this country.
It used to be, in the old days, if somebody coming to take
that information involved an insider and whether it was for
their own proprietary benefit, so they are going to sell it and
make a profit, or whether it is a hostile country coming in
here to circumvent our trademark or copyright or intellectual
property laws, those days are waning; there has been a
fundamental shift right now. That data can now be easily hacked
into from places outside the State, outside the city, outside
the country.
And I think one of the focuses that really we are looking
at from the Bureau's standpoint is what is the threat right
now, how has that shift really taken place, are our resources
aligned properly to the cyber threat in relation to the
traditional threat to intellectual property laws.
Senator Coons. Mr. Burch, as you know, budgets are likely
to continue to be tight. You face the unique challenge of
having to deliver sort of the support and the training and the
resources.
What more do you think we could be doing to help local law
enforcement with these IP enforcement challenges when we have
so much on their plate in terms of just fighting drugs, gangs
and crime and terrorist threats, National security threats?
Mr. Burch. I think that the resource question is a big part
of the challenge here, is how do you ask an agency to take on a
new task force or an expanded task force mission when the
budget is already not sufficient to support the core mission.
I think that, in part, is, as I mentioned, a resource
issue, but it is also an education issue. There are many
agencies, such as we have heard from today, that see it at
places like Dover, understand why it is an issue. And I think
there is also a lot of us around the country that don't
necessarily understand how intellectual property crimes are
linked to economic security, national security, and the safety
and health of the American public.
And so this is a top priority of the Administration--to
address intellectual property crimes, particularly those that
we see at the street level. I think one of the things that we
are trying to do through our risk program and through some of
our funding for intellectual property enforcement is to educate
all of the criminal justice system about how these IP crimes
are linked to other kinds of criminal activity, in particular,
drugs and gangs and organized crime.
And so that is a mission that we are doing our best to take
on through the resources of the Pro IP Act, but also through
our discretionary funding. And so we will continue to work at
that.
Senator Coons. As Mr. Burch knows, I am someone who has
both joined the Pro IP Act and spoken in support of sustaining
RISS. I agree. We have seen a great deal in the Committee that
internationally both organized crime and terrorist groups are
engaging in an unprecedented level of counterfeiting
pharmaceuticals, aircraft parts, other industrial activity, as
well as cyber crime, that poses a real threat to our Nation and
is often underappreciated, and I look forward to working
together on that enforcement trajectory.
If I might, Mr. McFeely, just the last two questions. The
FBI does not currently have a full-time analyst, if I
understand correctly, at the DIAC and I did not know if you
thought there might be some benefits to the addition of a full-
time FBI analyst there.
And I am concerned in what we have heard in both written
and spoken testimony today about the prevalence of both gun and
gang activity in Delaware, in Dover and Wilmington and
elsewhere throughout our State that seems to be coming to our
State from outside, in our region.
And I wondered if you thought Delaware might benefit from
participation in the high-intensity drug trafficking area or
HIDTA program and whether you thought any elements of our
community might be successful candidates or potential
applicants for that program.
Mr. McFeely. So, certainly, my goal is to get an analyst in
DIAC. We have done the next best thing from that and basically
put our FBI systems down there and given access to the analysts
that are assigned there. But that still is not a complete
replacement for putting an FBI analyst there.
In the event that there are additional analytical positions
appropriated to us next year, it will certainly be one of the
things that will be in my annual request for resources.
We have been working that very extensively with our FBI
headquarters and the FBI is--actually, the special agents in
charge next week are coming together with the director to talk
about a fusion center engagement policy down in Quantico. That
is one of the main topics we will be discussing, understanding
that in order to really leverage--because I can't agree with
Chief Hosfelt more that if you build it, they will come, you
get out what you put into it.
We have got to have a full-time presence there. So high
priority for me. I am relatively confident that it will happen
in the short term.
Senator Coons. Thank you.
Mr. McFeely. In terms of the HIDTA designation, I think
HIDTA is one of the best tools that there is to bring State,
local and federal resources together. It has been very
effective. I am not sure how many HIDTAs there are right now,
but believe there are well over 20 throughout the Nation.
I am very active in the Baltimore-Washington HIDTA. I have
seen the success stories day in and day out, including my own
HIDTA initiatives run by some of my supervisors. We are really
making a dent in both the violent crime and the drug
trafficking aspects that go with the drug trafficking.
So I am a firm supporter. We are going to work very closely
to see whether or not the threat warrants a HIDTA--and if there
is a possibility to get designated. It would be my
recommendation we look at New Castle County--it is a county-
designated program--and make a business case to see whether or
not we could be picked up by a HIDTA.
Senator Coons. Thank you. I am confident that folks both in
New Castle County, Wilmington, the State would be interested in
partnering with you, both US-301 and I-95 provide great
economic development resources for our State, but also lots of
less legal economic activity to our State.
One of our challenges has been integrating with our region
in terms of information sharing and law enforcement, but also
providing appropriate federal resources to help local law
enforcement deal with the significant increase in gun and drug
and gang activity that that brings.
As you could all tell, I could ask many more questions. I
have got another 20 questions prepared for this panel. We will
stay in communication afterwards, as the Chairman mentioned. We
will keep the record open for a number of days in the event you
have got additional testimony you would like to provide to us
as we complete the record of this field hearing.
And more than anything, I just want to thank you so much
for taking time out of your very busy days. Ms. Fennell,
Special Agent in Charge McFeely, Mr. Burch, Colonel Coupe, and
Chief Hosfelt, thank you very much for your testimony today.
This hearing of the Judiciary Committee is adjourned.
[Whereupon, at 12:37 p.m., the Committee was adjourned.]
A P P E N D I X
Additional Material Submitted for the Record
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Prepared Statement of Chairman Patrick Leahy
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Prepared Statement of Richard A. McFeely, Special Agent in Charge,
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Baltimore Division, Baltimore,
Maryland
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Prepared Statement of Colonel Robert Coupe, Superintendent, Delaware
State Police, Dover, Delaware
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Prepared Statement of Chief James Hosfelt, Dover Police Department,
Dover, Delaware
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Prepared Statement of James Burch, Principal Deputy Director, Bureau of
Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Prepared Statement of Drewry Fennell, Executive Director, Delaware
Criminal Justice Council, Wilmington, Delaware
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Questions submitted by Senator Charles Grassley for Deputy Director
James Burch
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Questions submitted by Senator Charles E. Grassley for Director Drewry
Fennell
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Responses of Deputy Director James Burch to questions submitted by
Senator Grassley
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
Responses of Director Drewry Fennell to questions submitted by Senator
Grassley
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
``Combating Crime with Restorative Justice,'' by James Nolan and Mark
Brunswick, Decemeber 7, 2010, www.delawareonline.com
[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]