[House Hearing, 110 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
THE IMPORTANCE OF POLL WORKERS:
BEST PRACTICES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
=======================================================================
HEARING
BEFORE THE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ELECTIONS
of the
COMMITTEE ON HOUSE
ADMINISTRATION
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
----------
HEARING HELD IN WASHINGTON, DC, OCTOBER 3, 2007
----------
Printed for the use of the Committee on House Administration
Available on the Internet:
http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/house/administration/index.html
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
40-365 PDF WASHINGTON DC: 2008
---------------------------------------------------------------------
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866)512-1800
DC area (202)512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop SSOP,
Washington, DC 20402-0001
COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION
ROBERT A. BRADY, Pennsylvania, Chairman
ZOE LOFGREN, California VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan
Vice-Chairwoman Ranking Minority Member
MICHAEL E. CAPUANO, Massachusetts DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California
CHARLES A. GONZALEZ, Texas KEVIN McCARTHY, California
SUSAN A. DAVIS, California
ARTUR DAVIS, Alabama
S. Elizabeth Birnbaum, Staff Director
William Plaster, Minority Staff Director
Subcommittee on Elections
ZOE LOFGREN, California, Chairwoman
CHARLES A. GONZALEZ, Texas KEVIN McCARTHY, California
SUSAN A. DAVIS, California VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan
ARTUR DAVIS, Alabama
THE IMPORTANCE OF POLL WORKERS: BEST PRACTICES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 2007
House of Representatives,
Subcommittee on Elections,
Committee on House Administration,
Washington, DC.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 2:35 p.m., in
room 2128, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Zoe Lofgren
(chairwoman of the subcommittee) presiding.
Present: Representatives Lofgren, Davis of California,
Davis of Alabama, and Ehlers.
Staff Present: Liz Birnbaum, Staff Director; Thomas Hicks,
Senior Election Counsel; Janelle Hu, Election Counsel; Jennifer
Daehn, Election Counsel; Matt Pinkus, Professional Staff/
Parliamentarian; Kyle Anderson, Press Director; Kristin
McCowan, Chief Legislative Clerk; Daniel Favarulo, Staff
Assistant, Elections; Matt DeFreitas, Staff Assistant; Gineen
Beach, Minority Counsel; and Bryan Dorsey, Minority
Professional Staff.
Ms. Lofgren. We do welcome all of you to the Subcommittee
on Elections and the hearing, this hearing, on The Importance
of Poll Workers: Best Practices and Recommendations.
The Help America Vote Act reaffirmed the responsibility of
training poll workers in the hands of the State. HAVA requires
that each State prepare a plan detailing what it will do to
implement the new Federal mandates including a description of
how each State will use HAVA funds to educate election
officials and poll workers.
State law and poll worker training and procedures differ
greatly State to State, and while each State and local
government has its own issues, there are several problems that
seem to be common across the board, particularly training and
recruitment. Some States require little to no training, while
other States are taking the initiative and using creative means
such as on-line training or providing specialized tasks and
multilingual training.
Poll worker pay is also quite low. It is difficult to
recruit poll workers when the average daily basic pay is $57,
and that is for a day that starts before sunrise and ends after
sunset.
In addition to training, we must address the compensation
and incentives issues relative to poll workers. As a result of
these factors and perhaps others, poll worker morale can be
quite low. After the 2000 election and subsequent election
controversies, absenteeism among poll workers has increased,
and this has led to staffing shortages, polls opening late and
sometimes as a consequence a disenfranchisement of voters.
According to a study by electionline.org, 2 million
Americans serve as poll workers, most with only a few hours of
specialized instruction. This results in voters and poll
workers finding polling places understaffed because of no-shows
or personnel shortages.
And personnel shortages is not the only issue. Poll workers
come to work each year finding that the voting equipment
continues to change. Some jurisdictions have multiple voting
machines, and they range from electronic machines to optical
scanners to paperless electronic systems, and, in other States,
lever systems.
Recruiting poll workers is an ongoing challenge. NACo
reports that 56 percent of election officials reported that
they were unable to fully staff the polls in the last
Presidential election. The skills needed to serve as a poll
worker have not changed, while the skills of our--the skills
needed to serve as a poll worker have changed while the skills
of many of our poll workers have not. Since 2000 and the
passage of HAVA, we are asking our poll workers to do more, and
we may not be doing enough to prepare them for one of the most
important tasks: administering voting.
HAVA also required the EAC to conduct studies on methods of
recruiting, training, and improving the performance of poll
workers. The EAC just released the study Successful Practices
in Poll Worker Recruiting, Training, and Retention. This study
developed best practices based on 17 months of research and was
implemented through a partnership with several organizations
including the Poll Worker Institute. This study is essentially
a snapshot of poll worker recruitment, training and service
practices across the country.
Poll workers are the link between election administrators
and the voters. Unfortunately, they are not being properly
prepared or compensated for undertaking such an obligation. So
I am really very excited about today's hearing and to listen to
what our witnesses have to say.
Understanding the problems, the challenges, and what State
and local governments are doing to address the important role
poll workers play is really essential to improving the American
election system.
I thank the witnesses for coming today and would like to
note that the Secretary of State of Ohio, Jennifer Brunner, was
unable to make today's hearing, but she has submitted her
testimony for the record, and, without objection, that
testimony will be entered into the record.
[The statement of Ms. Brunner follows:]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.001
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.002
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.003
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.004
[The statement of Ms. Lofgren follows:]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.005
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.006
Ms. Lofgren. At this point I am sure Mr. Ehlers is on his
way. I don't know if Mr. Davis has an opening statement, and
perhaps I believe we could go to the testimony, and Mr. Ehlers
can give his statement when he arrives.
So I would like to introduce the witnesses who are here
today. We have Michael Mauro, the Iowa secretary of state. Mr.
Mauro was elected Iowa's 30th secretary of state on November
7th, 2006. Prior to his election as secretary of state, he has
served the residents of Polk County for nearly a decade as
county auditor. As auditor for the largest of Iowa's 99
counties, Mauro streamlined services to make the auditor's
office user friendly. As a former high school government
teacher and coach, he has shown his commitment to Iowa's youth.
He often speaks to youth and civic groups about the importance
of voting, voter education, and election reform.
Secretary Mauro is a voting member of the Iowa Executive
Council and the Chair of the State Voter Registration
Commission. He is also a member of the National Association of
Secretaries of State. In 2003, he earned the designation of
certified election registration administrator, the highest
professional achievement in the field of election
administration.
I would also like to introduce Lance Gough, the executive
director of the Chicago Board of Election Commissioners. He is
the executive director of the Commissioners for the City of
Chicago. They administer the elections and related day-to-day
operations of one of the largest election authorities in the
United States, serving 1.4 million registered voters in the
City of Chicago's 2,605 precincts. It is like a whole country
there.
In 2008, he will have served 20 years in the Chicago
Election Board's top administrative post. And prior to his
appointment to the Chicago Election Board, he was a computer
consultant in private industry for 3 years specializing in
automated election tallying equipment. He also worked for the
Chicago Board of Election Commissioners from 1976 to 1985
including as manager of the Board's electronic voting system
operation.
An active member of several professional groups, he is past
president of the International Association of Clerks,
Recorders, Election Officials and Treasurers; also past
president of the Association of Election Commission Officials
of Illinois; and a member of the Election Center.
Next, I would like to introduce Jennifer Collins-Foley. She
is the president of the Policy Workers Institute and has served
in the field of developing and managing international and
domestic democratic governance programs, training and voter
registration outreach education programs for more than 18
years.
Ms. Collins-Foley has consulted on election administration
and policy for the League of Women Voters, the EAC, the
Election Center and the PEW Research. Last year she managed a
17-month applied research project with the U.S. Election
Assistance Commission and IFES titled Successful Practices in
Poll Worker Recruiting, Training and Retention.
She currently serves as the principal investigator of an
applied research project with the U.S. Election Assistance
Commission on government-sponsored voter hotlines in the U.S.
As a consultant for the International Foundation for
Election Systems, she developed poll worker training materials,
training curriculum, and election management recommendations
for numerous States as well as overseas countries.
As a consultant with Los Angeles County in 2006, she served
as a strategic change management, poll worker management and
HAVA consultant on implementation of new electronic voting
systems.
And finally, we welcome Helen Purcell, the Maricopa County
recorder and the Minority's witness. She was elected to the
Office of Maricopa County Recorder in November of 1988 and is
now serving her fifth term and is the second woman to hold this
position since 1871.
Born in Topeka, Kansas, she has been a Phoenix resident
since 1964. She began her business career with T.J. Betts
Mortgage Company in Texas, subsequently becoming a real estate
trust officer with Stuart Title and Trust of Phoenix.
She has been a member of the board of directors of the
National Association of Counties, serving since December of
1997. She is a co-chair of the electronic recording committee
of the Property Records Industry Association; a member of the
board of directors of the Kids Voting Arizona, a group I once
was involved in in California; a member of the National
Association of County Recorders and Clerks and the
International Association of Clerks, Recorders, Election
Officials and Treasurers.
In May of 1998, she received the National Kids Voting
Excellence Award. In October of 2002, she was appointed to
serve on NACo's telecommunications and technology steering
committee, and in 2003, was appointed by the president of NACo
to the U.S. Election Assistance Commission Board of Advisors.
In June of 2004, she was appointed by the Chairman of the
U.S. Election Assistance Commission to the newly formed
Technical Guidelines Development Committee. Its purpose is to
draft standards for all voting systems in the U.S.
She was appointed at NACo's 2005 annual conference as vice
chair of NACo's member program and services committee, and
Chair of the technology subcommittee of the telecommunications
and technology steering committee.
Obviously, we have four very distinguished witnesses who we
will look forward to hearing from after we invite the Ranking
Member, who has now arrived, to make any opening statement that
he may wish to make.
Mr. Ehlers. I apologize for being late, but you know what
it is like when people from this committee are on the floor
voting. Everyone asks questions about getting their leg changed
and so forth.
It is a pleasure to be here. I thank you for being here and
for your comments, and especially for holding this meeting. And
I certainly welcome all of the witnesses here.
When we talk about elections, we always tend to concentrate
on technology and process and so forth. But those of you who
have been here a long time know how often I have raised the
issue that the important factor is the poll workers, and I have
been impressed over the years I have held local office, county
commission office, and I chaired the county commission. So I
participated very directly in a number of elections. And there
was just--I was just always amazed by the dedication of the
poll workers, people who come and work under bad conditions,
very often drafty schools' hallways, and just stick it out
until the very end. Poll workers are on the front line, and I
have always found them to be very dedicated.
However, we face a number of new challenges in this area,
and I appreciate you calling a meeting.
The typical poll worker that people envision in their mind
is an 85-year-old woman who just doesn't do that much, doesn't
have a job, but turns out faithfully for every election. Those
days are--if they ever were around--are certainly disappearing,
and we have a whole new problem to deal with, and that is
training new poll workers, getting them introduced to working
in a job that is not highly paid, that requires tremendous
dedication, often abuse from the public. And so I think we
should be very much aware of what is going to happen.
I have often raised the point here, and I am afraid I have
alienated some of our other committee members at times, in
talking about the problems of running local elections and how
important it is to do it properly and to rely on the experience
of the county clerks, city clerks, poll workers and so forth,
and I firmly believe that.
I am very interested in learning what our witnesses have to
say about the most effective methods of training poll workers
based on practices in their States and localities.
Another of the challenges that election administrators face
in preparing workers for the duties on election day is training
someone to perform a job they will only do for a single day a
couple of times a year, leaving little time to become familiar
with the technology and processes.
And as we passed HAVA, I was acutely aware of what was
likely to happen and the training that was likely to be
required to implement HAVA and make sure the poll workers were
familiar with the processes, the machines and so forth. I am
very pleased that the election officials in general, poll
workers specifically, handled that transition very well.
Secondly, I would like to get a sense from our witnesses as
to how existing Federal voting laws are working at the State
and local level. HAVA has been in place for a little while. We
have had some problems, lots of success. And I am very
interested in hearing from the front lines what is going on.
Poll workers are relied on to perform a number of duties.
They must inform voters about using election technology, verify
the voting eligibility, and assure that the polling place
operates smoothly. And in each locality, there are most likely
provisions that are working well and lessons to be learned as
to what could be improved upon, and it is my hope we will gain
insight from some of those strengths and weaknesses today from
our witnesses.
But particularly a slant that I am interested on this is
how has HAVA worked; has it made the job more difficult,
easier? How have people adjusted to the new machines or new
approaches, and how has it affected the work of the poll
workers?
Finally, I would like to know how at the Federal level we
can best support States and localities in carrying out their
fundamental mission of facilitating the practice of casting a
vote in this country. We need to be very careful that in our
efforts to support our State and local officials, we are not,
in effect, tying their hands by setting forth overly
prescriptive regulations on the administration of elections.
In precincts across the country, there are unique
circumstances in terms of the geography and population of each
district making it very difficult for us to effectively create,
one-size-fits all legislation to cure all of our Nation's
voting challenges. We would like to get a sense from our
witnesses as to how we may best assist State and local election
officials without preventing them from effectively doing their
job.
And a good example of what I just talked to you about, the
unique circumstances, you recall, Madam Chair, when we were in
New Mexico last year and we heard about the varying systems in
place in Arizona ranging from very large urban areas such as
Phoenix to very lightly populated areas such as the Navajo
Reservations and so on, some of the problems encountered then.
So I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you for taking
the time to be here. I appreciate it.
Ms. Lofgren. Thank you.
[The statement of Mr. Ehlers follows:]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.007
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.008
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.009
Ms. Lofgren. And without objection, the other Members'
statements will be made a part of the record.
Ms. Lofgren. I wonder if we can start with Mr. Mauro and
move down the line. And we have a process here. It is a 5-
minute rule, and we ask that Members, witnesses give their
statements in about 5 minutes. When there is a minute left,
that little machine there will turn yellow, and when your time
is up, it turns red. So we ask when that happens, if you can
try to all summarize, it will be great, and your full
statements will be made part of the record.
So if you could begin, Mr. Mauro. Thank you.
STATEMENT OF MICHAEL MAURO, SECRETARY OF STATE, IA
Mr. Mauro. Thank you very much. It is an honor to be here
today. I am honored to be in front of such a distinguished
group of people talking about something as important as
elections.
I believe this hearing is timely and needed because, as you
said in your opening statement, I think you set the record
straight beautifully and took a lot of my comments from me, but
they are good ones, because it talks about the uncertainty in
this process. And one of the things I think we all need to
understand is elections have changed. They have changed across
this country, and a lot of it happened since the year 2000. A
lot of it happened because of the Help America Vote Act. But we
need to think about elections in a different manner on the
local level. County administrators, county supervisors who fund
elections need to think about elections differently.
County officials, county auditors in some States who put on
elections have to think about the elections differently because
it has all changed. In many jurisdictions, they have two pieces
of equipment, a piece of equipment that can be used by both
disabled and regular voters, and we have DRE machines, we have
optical scan machines. Some counties use blended equipment.
This all adds for a big adventure for the election officials
because our election officials come from a variety of
backgrounds. Requirements in States dictate what party they
should be from, how many there should be, and all of those
types of things that make the process even more difficult to
put together.
In many precincts in the United States they use two
different types of equipment. I could tell you of some
experiences in Iowa. I will give you an example in the 2004
elections in Iowa, and I am sure other States have seen the
same things. In many polling places in Iowa in that last
Presidential election, we had attorneys from both Presidential
parties, and then we had the Department of Justice, and then we
had election officials, many of them retirees, who were trying
to operate a system in an election in a conscientious manner
under such tremendous scrutiny, and many of them are
intimidated with the process. Many of them don't want to do it
anymore.
Many of us think the biggest problem in our election system
today, how we are going to lose elections is through computer
hacking. I totally disagree. I think they are missing the big
picture, because the weakest link in our election process is
adequate training, adequate funding for counties, adequate
training for poll workers, because when they can't do the job,
and they aren't trained, and they don't understand it, you got
some real integrity issues in the election process.
So we have got a lot of people out there talking about
different ways elections can be taken away from people. This is
the biggest one I can see, and it is not anybody's fault. It is
just that there is too much to absorb in a short period of
time.
Despite all of the obstacles, many States are doing a great
job. In Iowa, I think we have a great election system, and we
used Help America Vote funds to put it together. And basically
it worked like this: We initiated a program called SEAT, which
was basically a program that talked about State Election
Administrator Training, and we did it in conjunction with Iowa
State University, the Iowa State Association of Counties, and
the Iowa State Association of State Auditors.
And the precinct election officials, we started a
certification program for them, and it was instituted just last
year, and we have already trained over 2,000 precinct officials
statewide. Our goal was to have at least one certified election
official in each of Iowa's 1,784 precincts. We think we will
surpass that goal by the November 2008 election.
The training is broken up into three sessions. Two of the
sessions you can take at home, or you can come to the class and
take them. One of them involves on-line use of equipment, how
to use the equipment.
We think all of those things are great, and just from
talking to the election officials, they love it. They want more
training. They know it is necessary.
As Secretary of State in Iowa, we have offered precinct
training on all levels, and it has worked well. The precinct
officials' training program is limited to 24 officials at a
time, and everyone gets a chance at performing the various
duties on hand.
While this is a step in the right direction, there is still
a long way to go. Recruitment of election officials is a huge
hurdle for local election administrators, and turnover is
extremely high. Many individuals choose to work for candidates
instead of working at the polls, so you lose a good group of
people because they are working for the candidate. We can't be
there, but I will be there to observe the process. So we
eliminate a lot of knowledgeable people there.
We have to get workers who will be able to handle the
technology. Believe me, technology has changed. So they have
got to be able to handle technology. They have to be able to
lift equipment.
We need to explore new ideas in recruiting people, and we
have all talked about ideas. One of the ones I think that needs
to be pursued is going into the business community where people
can use community service time with no penalty to work at the
polling place.
We need younger people, with computer technology, who can
work with the retirees. We definitely don't want to eliminate
retirees because they are so dedicated to this process, but it
has become overwhelming to them, so we need to find a good mix,
and we need to put the training together.
I can tell you about training. I think everybody does a
good job at training. Can you train officials in 1 week or in 3
hours to do an election process of this magnitude? I became
good at it because I did it for 25 years. Asking someone to
absorb all of these things in 2- or 3-hour segments or week
segments is difficult, but that is what we are trying to do,
and that is what we are trying to make work.
I am sure other States have good programs, and I said we
believe we have one of the best, but despite all of the
available training programs, the bottom line is we cannot
continue to make this job more difficult each election cycle
and expect untrained individuals to do the job in a
professional manner with no mistakes.
I want to commend the committee for inviting me here today
and calling attention to such an important issue, establishing
poll watcher training across this country and the need to make
improvements.
Ms. Lofgren. Thank you very much, Mr. Mauro.
[The statement of Mr. Mauro follows:]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.010
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.011
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.012
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.013
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.014
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.015
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.016
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.017
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.018
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.019
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.020
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.021
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.022
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.023
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.024
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.025
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.026
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.027
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.028
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.029
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.030
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.031
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.032
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.033
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.034
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.035
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.036
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.037
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.038
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.039
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.040
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.041
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.042
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.043
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.044
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.045
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.046
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.047
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.048
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.049
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.050
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.051
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.052
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.053
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.054
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.055
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.056
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.057
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.058
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.059
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.060
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.061
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.062
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.063
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.064
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.065
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.066
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.067
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.068
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.069
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.070
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.071
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.072
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.073
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.074
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.075
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.076
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.077
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.078
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.079
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.080
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.081
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.082
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.083
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.084
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.085
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.086
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.087
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.088
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.089
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.090
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.091
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.092
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.093
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.094
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.095
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.096
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.097
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.098
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.099
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.100
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.101
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.102
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.103
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.104
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.105
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.106
Ms. Lofgren. Mr. Gough, we would like to hear from you and
your Chicago experience.
STATEMENT OF LANCE GOUGH, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, CHICAGO BOARD OF
ELECTION COMMISSIONERS
Mr. Gough. Madam Chairwoman, thank you for letting me
follow the Iowa secretary of state, because he said everything
I also say.
But, for the city of Chicago, we have the added
responsibility of training 14,000 poll workers; that is,
recruiting and training 14,000 poll workers within about 60 to
90 days. It is a task that requires what I call the three
``Ps'': First, we have to come up with a plan; second, we have
to come up with a partnership; and third, we have to pray--pray
that we have plenty of resources.
Planning. We have had a lot of new legislation and we have
had new equipment. The result is that for the first time in the
city of Chicago, for this Presidential election, our voters
will be using a blended system of touch-screen and optical-scan
voting. This is going to cause quite a few problems, but I
think that by planning for it, we can handle it.
Partnership. We have done partnership with other
organizations. The Mikva Challenge is a group that sponsors a
project to involve high school students in voting as poll
workers. We set up a special class for poll workers, classes
just for high school students, and so far we have recruited as
many as 900. This election we are planning on over 2,000. So we
are really looking forward to that.
We also have a partnership with the Board of Education and
with the City Colleges of Chicago. City Colleges are a great
place to recruit our PPAs, our Polling Place Administrators.
They are not really poll workers, but they are there to handle
the equipment. As you can see, the equipment is becoming more
and more complicated. For somebody of my generation, it is a
little difficult, but my daughter at 17 years old can whiz
right through it.
We hire these college students to come in and to set up the
equipment. As I said, they are not actual poll workers. They do
nothing but the equipment, and our poll workers love their
technical help. We hire about 1,900, and we put one in every
polling place location.
The other ``P'' is Plenty of resources. What we need to do
is look to the news media, to get the word out that we need
poll workers. We need to get the business community geared up
to allow their people to take off 2 days, a day for training
and a day to serve as poll workers.
As you said in your statement, Madam Chairwoman, it is
very, very difficult to get people to come in and work an 18-
hour day for $150 a day.
What are we looking to the Federal Government for? We are
always going to be looking for help. I am going into a city
budget hearing tomorrow begging for money. Payroll for my
polling place administrators and for what we call our judges of
election, is over $1.5 million. A mailing to the residents of
the city of Chicago informing them of any changes in equipment,
that is $400,000.
My budget this year, both city and county funds, is almost
$31 million. There is a point where the cities and the counties
will reach their limits and will not be able to fund elections
adequately. So, again, we look to the Federal Government. We
did get a bailout with HAVA, and because of the Federal
Government, we were able to purchase new equipment. We really
thank you for that, but what we are saying is that we are going
to need additional help. As I call it, the bucket that used to
be full is draining and nearly empty. And, as always, we look
to the Federal Government for help to fill our needs.
And that completes what I have to say. Thank you.
Ms. Lofgren. Thank you very much.
[The statement of Mr. Gough follows:]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.107
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.108
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.109
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.110
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.111
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.112
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.113
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.114
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.115
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.116
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.117
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.118
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.119
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.120
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.121
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.122
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.123
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.124
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.125
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.126
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.127
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.128
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.129
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.130
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.131
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.132
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.133
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.134
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.135
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.136
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.137
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.138
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.139
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.140
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.141
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.142
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.143
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.144
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.145
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.146
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.147
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.148
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.149
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.150
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.151
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.152
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.153
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.154
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.155
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.156
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.157
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.158
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.159
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.160
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.161
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.162
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.163
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.164
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.165
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.166
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.167
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.168
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.169
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.170
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.171
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.172
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.173
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.174
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.175
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.176
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.177
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.178
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.179
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.180
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.181
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.182
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.183
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.184
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.185
Ms. Lofgren. Ms. Purcell, we would be delighted to hear
from you.
STATEMENT OF HELEN PURCELL, RECORDER, MARICOPA COUNTY
Ms. Purcell. Thank you, Madam Chair, members of the
committee.
You have my written testimony which has supporting examples
of a few of the key points I would like to make today.
We expect a lot of our poll workers. As you mentioned,
Madam Chair, they arrive at the polling place before dawn, they
perform increasingly complicated procedures and serve as a
gateway to the democratic process for all voters on election
day.
We understand that providing training and instructional
tools to poll workers is critical for a successful election. In
Maricopa County, 83 percent of our poll workers attended
training classes for the general election in 2006. Almost 1,000
workers have obtained premium status by attending an additional
8 hours of training. Every election, hundreds attend bilingual
training class, providing language assistance to limited-
English-proficiency voters. Yet training continues to be a
challenge in conducting the election.
Training responsibilities fall on the local jurisdictions,
as they should. Maricopa County has 1,142 polling places and
hires in excess of 7,000 workers on election day.
Regardless of the size, there are some essential training
questions which have universal applications: core curriculum,
training formats, on-the-job training materials, training
incentive strategies, and program evaluation.
The Election Assistance Commission has recently produced a
Poll Worker Guidebook of professional practices which contains
a myriad of possible ways to augment an existing program in
these areas.
Every poll worker in America needs to get instructions on
voting equipment operations, polling place procedures, how to
provide effective voter assistance, sensitivity training
regarding voters with disabilities, and, of course, security
issues.
There is a challenge with the multiple types of equipment
now present in the polling place as a result of the Help
America Vote Act. New technology can be daunting to the poll
workers. But equipment is only a single facet of what a poll
worker must know.
The worker must make sure that the voter is in the correct
polling place, which ballot style the voter is to receive. In
Arizona, we rely on the worker to implement and uphold our new
voter-initiative ID requirements. This means advising the voter
that although they were able to use their passport to prove
their citizenship when they registered to vote, because it
doesn't have an address on it, they cannot use it as a proof of
identity to get a ballot on election day. Voters could easily
believe that the worker does not understand the ID
requirements, when, in fact, they are following the strict
letter of the law.
Training formats need to take into consideration various
learning styles. Some learn by doing, others by reading. Still
others learn by pictures or graphics and hearing the
information. An effective program is a combination of the
training formats: providing classroom, video/DVD, on-line and
written options for potential workers to access the tools they
need in the time leading up to election day.
Pre-election training is obviously not enough. Providing
tools which the workers can utilize on election day as a quick
guide is critical. A practice that we have found to be
beneficial is to provide duty cards, a one-page summary of the
responsibilities of each position in the voting processing
line.
If training were mandatory, 1,148 workers hired last
November in our county would not have been allowed to work.
Would voters be better served? I think not.
Prior to serving voters as county recorder, I worked for
the political party as their poll worker recruitment manager.
It was not uncommon to lose 100 workers the week before the
election or even the weekend before. In Arizona, a lot of our
primary elections fall after--the day after Labor Day, and that
makes it extremely difficult.
Regardless of the training strategy that is employed, its
efficiency must be evaluated and tracked. We survey our workers
to determine if they felt trained properly for election day,
and we also have voter assistance surveys available to the
voter. We received more than 8,000 responses. Over 98 percent
of the voters responded the workers were helpful. But what
happens when they are not, or they are either unable or
unwilling to provide assistance?
Many jurisdictions get their workers directly from
political parties and have no ability to dismiss rogue voters
or retire those who are no longer willing and able to do the
work. Our jurisdiction has the ability to hire youth workers,
16- and 17-year-olds, and that has been extremely helpful to us
with the new equipment, because, as one of the panelists
mentioned, they can handle that very easily.
In closing, there is one last element of the training that
we have not discussed, and that is personal experience of
working at the polls to determine what goes on at the polls. I
require that my staff work as poll workers at least once during
their career. While sitting as a member of the Technical
Guidelines Committee as we worked on the Voluntary Voting
System Guidelines to the EAC, the National Institute of
Standards and Technology not only chaired our committee, but
provided technical assistance to the production of the
guidelines. So that they could better understand what is
required of the workers and the level of their expertise,
members of the NIST team worked at the polling places. I know
certain requirements that had been proposed were quickly
abandoned after they did that.
I might suggest that you ask your staff if they have served
as poll workers. I wish that we could get more government
workers and business people to work at the polls. First-hand
knowledge is indispensable.
I would be happy to take any questions. Thank you, Madam
Chair.
Ms. Lofgren. Thank you.
[The statement of Ms. Purcell follows:]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.186
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.187
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.188
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.189
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.190
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.191
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.192
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.193
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.194
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.195
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.196
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.197
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.198
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.199
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.200
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.201
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.202
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.203
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.204
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.205
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.206
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.207
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.208
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.209
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.210
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.211
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.212
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.213
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.214
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.215
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.216
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.217
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.218
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.219
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.220
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.221
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.222
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.223
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.224
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.225
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.226
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.227
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.228
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.229
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.230
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.231
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.232
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.233
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.234
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.235
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.236
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.237
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.238
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.239
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.240
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.241
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.242
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.243
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.244
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.245
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.246
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.247
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.248
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.249
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.250
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.251
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.252
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.253
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.254
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.255
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.256
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.257
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.258
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.259
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.260
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.261
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.262
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.263
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.264
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.265
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.266
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.267
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.268
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.269
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.270
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.271
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.272
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.273
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.274
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.275
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.276
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.277
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.278
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.279
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.280
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.281
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.282
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.283
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.284
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.285
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.286
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.287
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.288
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.289
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.290
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.291
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.292
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.293
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.294
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.295
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.296
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.297
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.298
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.299
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.300
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.301
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.302
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.303
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.304
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.305
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.306
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.307
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.308
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.309
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.310
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.311
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.312
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.313
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.314
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.315
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.316
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.317
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.318
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.319
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.320
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.321
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.322
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.323
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.324
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.325
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.326
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.327
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.328
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.329
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.330
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.331
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.332
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.333
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.334
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.335
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.336
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.337
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.338
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.339
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.340
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.341
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.342
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.343
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.344
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.345
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.346
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.347
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.348
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.349
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.350
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.351
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.352
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.353
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.354
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.355
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.356
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.357
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.358
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.359
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.360
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.361
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.362
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.363
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.364
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.365
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.366
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.367
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.368
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.369
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.370
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.371
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.372
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.373
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.374
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.375
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.376
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.377
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.378
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.379
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.380
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.381
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.382
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.383
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.384
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.385
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.386
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.387
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.388
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.389
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.390
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.391
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.392
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.393
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.394
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.395
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.396
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.397
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.398
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.399
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.400
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.401
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.402
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.403
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.404
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.405
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.406
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.407
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.408
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.409
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.410
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.411
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.412
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.413
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.414
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.415
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.416
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.417
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.418
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.419
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.420
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.421
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.422
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.423
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.424
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.425
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.426
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.427
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.428
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.429
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.430
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.431
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.432
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.433
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.434
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.435
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.436
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.437
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.438
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.439
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.440
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.441
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.442
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.443
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.444
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.445
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.446
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.447
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.448
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.449
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.450
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.451
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.452
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.453
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.454
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.455
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.456
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.457
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.458
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.459
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.460
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.461
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.462
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.463
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.464
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.465
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.466
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.467
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.468
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.469
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.470
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.471
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.472
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.473
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.474
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.475
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.476
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.477
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.478
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.479
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.480
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.481
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.482
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.483
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.484
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.485
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.486
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.487
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.488
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.489
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.490
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.491
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.492
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.493
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.494
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.495
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.496
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.497
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.498
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.499
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.500
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.501
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.502
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.503
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.504
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.505
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.506
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.507
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.508
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.509
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.510
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.511
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.512
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.513
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.514
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.515
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.516
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.517
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.518
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.519
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.520
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.521
Ms. Lofgren. And Ms. Collins-Foley, we would love to hear
from you.
STATEMENT OF JENNIFER COLLINS-FOLEY, PRESIDENT, THE POLLWORKER
INSTITUTE
Ms. Collins-Foley. Thank you for this opportunity to appear
before you.
I have worked in elections administration, and particularly
with the focus on poll worker issues, for more than 11 years,
including serving as assistant registrar of voters in Los
Angeles County for 8 years, where I was responsible for
recruiting and training 25,000 poll workers and another 4,000
rovers and coordinators just to get us through our major
elections.
Since leaving Los Angeles County 4 years ago, I have been
fortunate to work in a number of elections administration
initiatives, and one of the projects that I have been most
proud of and felt most honored to be selected to work on was
the Election Assistance Commission's successful practices for
poll worker recruitment, training, and retention. This was a
17-month project, as the chairman said in the beginning, that
focused on a collection of practices that do work.
So this was a very proactive effort, not talking about all
of the horror stories of the elections, but what people are
doing across the country that does work. And the election
commission, I have a set here, and I have some more if anybody
would like to see them. There is also a compendium of laws as
they relate to poll worker requirements across the country and
a guidebook for recruiting college poll workers as well.
And there are so many challenges in poll workers, as we
have talked about already. There is also a number of
opportunities. And so I would like to talk briefly about the
challenges, and then I think we will maybe have to move on to
the opportunities in the questions period.
We used to be able to recruit 1.4 to 2 million poll workers
across this country very easily. In some places that is rather
easy. It seems that in smaller municipalities, people have a
cadre of poll workers who show up to the polls who are very
effective; they are reliable. And then there are other larger
jurisdictions where we sadly have a funny joke that says we use
the breathing test, which means if they are breathing, they are
hired, the poll worker is hired. And that is a really sad joke
because it has been around for about 40 years, and we are still
dealing with it. And we get so desperate before major
elections. In L.A. It is not uncommon to be down 2- to 3,000
poll workers in the weeks before a major election. And if we
can get those bodies, as we call them, we have no idea who they
are, but if we can get those bodies, and we just hope they can
come into training before the election. Pretty scary.
On top of the challenge of trying to bring back our veteran
poll workers, the people who have served us so well for so many
years, we face the challenge of people retiring, people getting
too elderly to serve at the polls, being afraid of the
technology, being afraid of the massive amounts of paperwork
that are necessary to run a polling place.
There is also the primary elections which are so
complicated they scare off poll workers; frequent election poll
worker burnout, and a problem we call location, location,
location, which means that you can get people to serve in their
home precincts, but they will not be willing to serve out of
their precincts when that is really where they are needed.
As Secretary of State Mauro said, we have an incredibly
changing election environment in which election officials find
that they need people with different skills. We need bilingual
poll workers who can serve the limited-English-proficiency
voters. We need poll workers who are comfortable with the
technology that is changing. We need poll workers who are
almost auditors and bookkeepers on election day to fill out all
of the forms and make all of the signatures. Provisional
voting, voting ID procedures, all of these are incredibly
complex procedures that are scaring off some of our regular
poll workers.
There is also opportunities. We were fortunate in working
with the EAC project to study a number of creative recruiting
strategies, and these strategies are bringing a new skill set
into the polling place. They are bringing youth, they are
bringing energy, they are bringing techno-savvy poll workers
in, they are bringing bilingual poll workers in. As Ms. Purcell
said, they are bringing people who have been trained in
customer service standards for serving voters with
disabilities.
And there are also--for larger jurisdictions, there are
also multiplier programs. So instead of recruiting one by one
by one poll workers that used to work, we can now say to a
teacher, Can you give me 30; to a county manager, Can you give
me 100. And in Los Angeles County where I am still doing some
consulting work, we have 3,000 county employees that we hope to
have 8,000 next year because we have got three major elections
next year. And we have 3,000 students, and we are hoping to get
6,000. I think we are going to make our match, and we are going
to need to make our goals next year to survive, especially the
two primaries that nobody wants to work.
In terms of conducting poll worker training, that is
another big challenge that has a lot of opportunities. Most
poll worker training programs have had to be reinvented since
HAVA because the procedures are becoming more complex, and
often poll workers will walk out of a training class and quit
because it is too much for them.
There are some opportunities. If we take things from the
field of adult learning, we can really change our polling
places, our polling place training around. Things like hands-on
training, things like really well done PowerPoint programs. If
we can assess who comes to our training and whether they are
really getting it, and, you know, in some places they have
these kinds of tools. They have the ability to talk to adult
learners, they have the ability to have fancy systems to track
who they are bringing in and who they don't want to bring back,
and other people are actually managing this from the back of
index cards.
And I think probably we will get into some findings and
recommendations.
Ms. Lofgren. Thank you very much.
[The statement of Ms. Collins-Foley follows:]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.522
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.523
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.524
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.525
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.526
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.527
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.528
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.529
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.530
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.531
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.532
Ms. Lofgren. Thank you all of you for your testimony and
your willingness to volunteer your experience and expertise
with us and the Congress as we look at this important issue.
This is now the time when Members can question the
witnesses for as long as 5 minutes, and I would like to defer
on my time to Mr. Davis, who I know has other obligations.
Mr. Davis. Thank you, Madam Chairwoman.
Let me thank the panel for coming.
Let me direct the first question to the three election
officials that are here, Mr. Mauro, Mr. Gough and Ms. Purcell.
In any of your jurisdictions, which I guess are Iowa,
Chicago and Maricopa County, Arizona, do any of your
jurisdiction document the number of complaints or errors that
you detect related to poll workers?
Beginning with you, Mr. Mauro.
Mr. Mauro. I know in my previous experience I served in the
county--yes. In Polk County where I served as a county
commissioner and county auditor before I was elected secretary
of state, we did document those, and it becomes quite
extensive.
Let me tell you what a typical day on an election in Iowa
is like, on a Presidential election day or gubernatorial
election day. People will turn their radios or TVs on, and the
first thing they get from the radio commentator is, Call this
number if you have a problem with the polls. You know, Call us,
let us know. Don't call the election commissioner. Let us know
so we can send our investigative teams to the polls.
And we try to monitor these types of things. And many of
the problems that take place at the polling places are not
being able to identify the proper person at the proper polling
place. They go to an incorrect polling place, they don't have
their voter identification card with them, or they can't
ascertain where they should be, and we try to document those,
and a lot of times we get calls to our office. But it becomes a
very stressful situation.
Mr. Davis. Plug a number out of the air for me so I can
understand this quantitatively. Typical election cycle in the
State of Iowa in 2006, give me a ballpark number of how many
problems or potential errors you detected.
Mr. Mauro. I can only speak for Polk County. We had
probably 270,000 people who participated in the election that
day, and we probably took somewhere around 1,500 calls from
different people about incorrect polling places, not being in
the poll book, those types of issues that we documented during
that course. They had to vote provisional ballots. Most of our
instances come where people go, their name is not in the book,
and they have to vote provisional ballot.
Mr. Davis. Mr. Gough, give me an estimate in how often in
the 2006 elections in Chicago there were reported instances of
poll worker error.
Mr. Gough. We have what we call our ``hotline'', which is
manned by 100 staff, attorneys, and employees that we have
hired. Out of a turnout of about 700,000 people that came to
the polls, there were from 1,300 to 5,000 calls.
But, we have investigators out in the field; and, as soon
as we get a call, we send an investigator out. If there is a
problem with a poll worker, we will remove that poll worker on
that day. We will get a court order to remove that poll worker
and replace him with another one.
We have a group of 300 poll workers that we have on standby
to put them in different polling places in case there is a
problem.
Mr. Davis. So 1,300 to 5,000 complaints of errors or
problems?
Mr. Gough. Problems that we investigate.
Mr. Davis. Ms. Purcell, give me a similar quantitative
number.
Ms. Purcell. Thank you, Madam Chair and Mr. Davis.
We have very few calls about the poll worker error. There
are a number of things that happen in the polling places. We
have already in the field a number of troubleshooters who are
out there. Their duty is to take five to six polling places,
and they circle among those polling places all day.
So a lot of those problems are solved. But we, too, have a
hotline that they can call into. We document all of those
issues that come into the hotline, and we do a report of that
afterwards so that we can analyze what went wrong and what we
need to do in that polling place.
Mr. Davis. Let me tell you all why I asked that question.
Mr. Mauro, you talked about the kind of complaints you get
regarding problems, questions on election day. 2006 in the
State of Iowa, how many complaints did you detect regarding
voter ID problems, people who indicated that they are John
Jones, and they are really Mary Smith and claim to be somebody
else at the polling place?
Mr. Mauro. Very, very, very few.
Mr. Davis. I am going to go quickly.
Mr. Gough, 2006 election cycle, Chicago, how many
complaints did you get indicating that there were voter ID
problems, someone who is John Jones claiming to be Mary Smith?
Mr. Gough. Hardly any at all.
Mr. Davis. Same question.
Ms. Purcell. My comment would be the same. Hardly any.
Mr. Davis. That is an important point, Madam Chairwoman,
because as a lot of you know, the Supreme Court will have a
case in the next 45 days in voter ID in which voter ID laws
will be constitutionally problematic. There has been a huge
controversy, legally and politically, around these issues, and
I am struck that there is being a lot of energy being expended
in many States for the need for voter ID laws when the
empirical problem appears to be very limited, according to all
three of you, when I hear and see very little energy being
expended around the problem you all identify.
Am I correct to see that contradiction?
Mr. Mauro. You are absolutely correct. Most of our issues--
none were dealing with voter identification problems.
Mr. Davis. Am I correct to see a contradiction there?
Mr. Gough. You are correct.
Ms. Purcell. We already have voter ID requirements in our
State, so we have to implement those now, but anybody that
comes into the polls, either give them the right to vote a
provisional ballot, or they can vote a conditional provisional
if they don't provide the proper ID.
Mr. Davis. All right. Thank you.
Ms. Lofgren. I would like to recognize the Ranking Member
for his 5 minutes of questions.
Mr. Ehlers. First of all, just on that last comment, I
don't know if the survey gives an accurate number, because if
you are not checking photo IDs, how do you know if you have
photo ID problems? So I don't think there are any conclusions
that you can draw from that little interrogation.
Let me note a couple of things. First of all, Ms. Purcell,
you made the comment firsthand knowledge is indispensable, and
I love that quote because I have been telling my colleagues
that all the time.
We in the Congress--those of us who don't have firsthand
experience are making some judgements about the voting process
that I think are inaccurate, and that is why we have to depend
on experts like you to come in and try to clarify the issue.
And, Mr. Gough, you made the comment at the end of your
testimony that we always look to the Federal Government for
help, and I quite often will start out my speeches at home
saying, I am from the Federal Government, and I am here to help
you, which is always good for a laugh.
I don't know how much you get from us. We try. But if you
are looking for money, I would point out that our budget
deficit this year is certainly far greater than the total
budget of Chicago. So I am not sure how much help we can give
you. We will certainly try to meter HAVA obligations, and if we
pass H.R. 11, we will have to meet that monetary obligation.
But I don't think you are going to get too much beyond
that.
Ms. Collins-Foley, I was fascinated. First of all, I
appreciate your quote that you need different training levels
for different jobs. And too often we lump all poll workers
together. I think most of the problems--in fact, when you were
asked about the problems and the number of problems, in my
observations, in polls, most of the problems are not caused by
the poll workers, but by the voter. And I am fascinated by one
little statistic in Los Angeles in the last Presidential
election: 3,616 voters in Los Angeles all made precisely the
same mistake in voting for President, and that is a lot for one
particular mistake. Others made other mistakes.
But I was fascinated with your comments, and I would like
to talk to you one on one with you after this just to get some
more of your ideas. I am very interested in your research, and
that is probably my scientific background.
Secretary of State Mauro, you appear to have a lot of
experience, and obviously running statewide is important. I
assume you are familiar with H.R. 811, a bill that is in the
Congress and which currently is on the floor waiting action.
How would this legislation impact your State's and other
States' poll worker training programs? And also related to that
is what opinion--what role should the Federal Government have
in poll worker training systems?
Mr. Mauro. H.R. 811, I am glad you asked it because it is
going to affect all of the States. It is going to affect Iowa
greatly, too, because it calls for a lot of comprehensive
changes that will affect poll workers, and the biggest one is
going to be with uncertainty of equipment.
In Iowa, we used our Help America Vote funds to buy new
equipment, and we have a blended system there. We have optical
scans, we have DREs. We just passed paper trail legislation. We
are going to be putting V-Pats on all the DREs; and with some
of the things that are taking place with H.R. 811, the funding
that we have and we are going to use for that is going to be
useless by the time we get to 2010 or 2012.
So I think the intent of the bill is to provide voter
integrity and provide a paper trail. I like all of those
things. The uncertainty it is creating in Iowa and other States
with the equipment issues, what do we buy, what is certified,
how do we get through the certification process, what do we do
with the money, do we spend money now because it won't be any
good 2 years from now, those are creating havoc.
In addition to all of that, we have to train poll workers
on how they put the V-Pat, the attachment that will go on some
of these DREs, how they work, what happens when the paper roll
runs out. I am telling you that the intent is good. There are
nightmare ramifications that can come from this. That is my
feeling.
Mr. Ehlers. Is part of the problem the time line in the
bill that would require it to be in effect?
Mr. Mauro. The time line is an important part of the bill
because it is asking a lot of people to do things in a time
where the vendors--one of the things nobody talked about is the
vendors that are out there can't even supply it. Nor can they
supply it, they don't have people to even train us on it. You
talk about finding poll workers, they are going out the street
and hiring people off the street, bringing them in 2 or 3 days
for training, and say, Now go train the election officials.
This is the madness that is being created here. There is
not that many people supplying election equipment across this
country, and then they have to go through a certification
process, and they have to come through the State certification
process, and time is up. And in the meantime, we are trying to
figure out what kind of plans do we make for 2008, because we
have a verified paper trail in Iowa. We need to get these
attachments on there, and what we are going to buy in 2008, is
it going to be more money we are going to need in 2010? I think
so. Is it going to be more money than we need in 2012. I think
so.
All of these things are adding up into a real dilemma.
Mr. Ehlers. Putting aside the time problem, which I think
is a huge problem, and we probably will not get the bill done
in time for that to even be a real problem for you, one other
issue in the bill that I am very concerned about and I would
like your opinion on, and that is where it specifies that in
case of a recount, the vote of record is the paper trail.
Now, as I said, I have been involved in local elections
enough. My alternative that I have tried to get entered into
the bill, and so far it has failed, is that that choice of
which is the most accurate record should be left up to the
local and State election officials on the site, so if it
appears that the paper trail is the most accurate, that should
be chosen. If it appears the electronic record is more
accurate, that should be chosen. Or if there is some other
backup method, there are other backup methods besides paper
which could be instituted by local governments.
What is your opinion?
Ms. Lofgren. The gentleman's time is expired, and, by
unanimous consent, he is granted additional 2 minutes.
Mr. Mauro. I think that the idea is good by allowing those
different avenues to get a paper trail, but that will never be
accepted in any State. Most of the States want--most of the
voter integrity groups or legislative groups want the actual
paper roll to be used for the recount.
Now, I am telling you what is going to happen with the
paper roll: They are going to get jammed. They are not going to
print correctly. They are not going to get turned off
correctly. The election officials are going to have to replace
the rolls in the middle of the day when they run out. That is
what they want to use, they better have an alternate plan for
when--and in most States they are putting in an alternate plan
for when that doesn't work.
So the intent is good. The ramifications of this intent
without the proper training, without the proper vendors putting
it in place, that is going to create the issues.
So I would like to think you could choose one, two or
three, but I don't think anybody is going to let that happen. I
think for the most part everybody is going is to say, We want
to have this paper trail. We want to use that roll that the
voter verified as the recount mechanism, and in a lot of cases,
they are not going to be able to because it is going to become
corrupted one way or another through nobody hacking anything.
It is going to become corrupted on its own recourse, jammed
paper, election officials not replacing the rolls, all of those
type of issues, and that is what I see the scenario being.
Mr. Ehlers. Thank you. And, you know, that is exactly why I
want you to make the choice as to which----
Mr. Mauro. I think that is a good idea, but I don't think
that is going to happen.
Ms. Lofgren. I would now like to take my opportunity to ask
questions. And getting back to the topic of the hearing, I
would be interested in anything that we might be able to do
relative to if there are legal obstacles to the recruiting of
poll workers who are young.
It seems to me from some of the experiences we have
received here that that is a real opportunity for the country.
They know the technology, they are not afraid, they can get up
early and work late. Certainly we value our retirees, but to
augment.
And the question is are there obstacles that are illegal,
or are there otherwise obstacles that we could address as a
Nation to the recruitment of young people that we should know
about? Any one of you who know the answer to that?
Mr. Gough. Okay. To recruit high school students, they must
be honor roll students, have a certain grade point average, and
be seniors. On the Governor's desk right now in Illinois, there
is a bill to let juniors serve as poll workers. We look forward
to having that young group of people serving as poll workers
because we may have them for several elections.
The problem is we do not want to get rid of nor do we want
to slight our senior poll workers. They have been there for
many years. They do the job. They look forward to it. And, you
can count on them showing up. You know, sometimes you may not
be able to count on a young person showing up at 4 o'clock or 5
o'clock in the morning.
Ms. Lofgren. Ms. Purcell.
Ms. Purcell. Yes. We have recently just changed our laws to
allow us to do 16- and 17-year-olds helping in the polls, and
it is a dual purpose, and it has given us a dual response.
They are capable of handling the equipment much more than
seniors are. They are helpful to them also to carry things.
There are a lot of things in a polling place that have to be
lifted, stored, whatever, and a young person can do that.
We don't find the problem with the 16- and 17-year-olds as
far as getting up. They seem to be able to do that. We did have
a little bit of problem with some of our college students
because they don't readily get up. But when they are allowed by
their schools to come in and serve, it has been a wonderful
experience, and we hope to triple it in the coming election.
Ms. Lofgren. I know, Mr. Mauro, you addressed this in your
opening.
Mr. Mauro. I think we need to reach out into the business
community, because I think what Lance had spoken to earlier
about young kids, you can't keep them. They are off to college.
But they are great when you get them there because they have
intermingled with the retirees and the older people beautifully
because they appreciate hauling the equipment, running the
errands, putting the signs up. There are so many things
involved in a polling place, hanging the signs, carrying out
the equipment and those type of things.
So I think to reach out even further to the business
community to see if we can get people to take some community
service time to work at the polls.
Ms. Lofgren. Also, $88 is a lot more to a 16-year-old than
it might be to a 50-year-old.
Ms. Collins-Foley.
Ms. Collins-Foley. The EAC compendium of State poll worker
requirements is exactly the answer to your question. It goes
through State by State all of what we saw as impediments to
creative poll worker recruiting. The age limitations, only half
the States have passed laws enabling the young folks to serve.
Residency requirements are a big problem. Only five States to
date have allowed anybody in the State to serve as a poll
worker. Everybody else you have to be in the precinct or at
least in the county, and that means you can't reach out to your
college students; even if you can get them out of bed, you
can't even get them. They are not registered in that
jurisdiction.
You couldn't get some of your corporate poll workers who--
some jurisdictions have had tremendous success with corporate
poll worker programs--because of very restrictive political
party requirements. They have to wait until the political
parties turn over lists before they can put together their poll
worker teams.
There is as much good news as bad news in this compendium
of requirements, and a lot of that I think Congress can play a
real role in supporting flexible poll worker recruiting
requirements.
Ms. Lofgren. I would be very interested if any of you have
just suggestions or, especially Ms. Collins-Foley, sort of
celebrations that we might bring to the attention of various
legislatures. Sometimes people are unaware of what is going on
and what has worked in another jurisdiction, and merely sharing
that information can be a real impetus to change.
Like the Ranking Member, I served on the board of
supervisors for a long time and actually longer than I have
been in Congress, and we oversaw the registrar of voters. But
in California, as you are aware, this is all civil service. I
mean, the concept that the political parties would be allowed
to even touch the process is just anathema in California.
And so I guess that goes to my next question, which is the
idea--not every country runs their elections with volunteers as
we do, and I don't think there is any chance that we will
change that. But there is a role, and you have mentioned that
we have recruited county employees for the day or municipal
employees.
Do any of you see any downside to soliciting the assistance
of municipal or county or even State officials for that
purpose?
Ms. Purcell. Absolutely none. We recruited at the county
level with the assistance of our county manager and board of
supervisors but also at the city and other levels of government
that they would serve on Election Day. And they do a lot of our
work at night, on Election night, if they haven't worked during
the day, and they come in when we are bringing all of our
equipment in.
Mr. Gough. We have looked at that in the City of Chicago.
There has been an issue that some of these people have received
their jobs through political hiring.
Ms. Lofgren. That also is different than California.
Mr. Gough. We don't think it is a good idea to do that, so
that is something that we do not do.
Ms. Lofgren. All right.
Mr. Mauro. In Iowa, basically, a lot of these officials
that work for government entities are supporting candidates
that day; if they are taking the day off, they are taking it in
support of their favorite candidate. We have had some success
with different levels of government employees and most of them
are working somewhere else, if they are not working at their
job that day.
Ms. Lofgren. But that is an availability issue, not the
same concern.
Mr. Mauro. An availability issue. I would still like to see
it get out in the business community and have the business
community promote it, because a lot of businesses have voter
awareness groups. I think if we could ever get there and get
something really working there, I think it could be very
successful, but I know some States have done it with success.
We are still trying to put something like that in place.
Ms. Lofgren. All right. Since have you been patient with
us, I am hopeful that you can stay for one more round of
questions from Mr. Ehlers and myself. I see some nodding heads,
so I would recognize Mr. Ehlers for an additional 5 minutes of
questions.
Mr. Ehlers. Thank you, and I will try to be briefer than
the first time. I appreciate your willingness to let me go
longer the first time.
First of all, we have a good deal of material that was
submitted by Ms. Purcell to us. She was our witness, and I
would just like to move that material she gave us be entered
into the record.
Ms. Lofgren. Without objection.
Mr. Ehlers. Thank you. And then we will save a little time
here.
Ms. Purcell, you state that the Federal Government should
not set mandates in how State and local jurisdictions run their
pro-worker programs. Can you elaborate? What are your concerns
here, and why should you do it, and not, why shouldn't the
Federal Government be involved? Go ahead.
Ms. Purcell. Thank you, Mr. Ehlers. If we are required to
do certain things, it might limit our ability to get those poll
coworkers who don't fit into that niche. As I said, if training
is required, then we would have had over a thousand workers in
the last election that we could not use, because we had to hire
them the last weekend before the election, and obviously, there
was no time to train them. Some of them had worked elections
before so they had some training in a prior election. We try
not to bring those in as any of our top workers at the polling
places, but our clerks and that type of thing, but it just
would not serve us well if we were mandated to have training
for each and every poll worker.
Mr. Ehlers. I see. And did your county use HAVA funds for
poll worker training, or did you use your own funds?
Ms. Purcell. Mr. Ehlers, we have used mostly our own funds,
for the poll worker training. We do a little bit of outreach
work with HAVA money, but most has been our own money.
Mr. Ehlers. And Mr. Gough, you stated in your program where
you hired tech savvy college students, which I think is a great
idea. You just said the program cost $300 per student for
training and service. Did you have sufficient money for that,
or did you have to use HAVA funds for that?
Mr. Gough. Yes, sir, this came out of city funds.
Mr. Ehlers. City funds, good.
Ms. Collins-Foley, you mentioned that, from your testimony,
it is clear that retention is one of the biggest problems
concerning poll workers. And certainly it was a problem in the
last Presidential election. What do you recommend that States
do to ameliorate this problem and try to improve retention?
Ms. Collins-Foley. I think the first step is finding out
who you want to bring back, because you don't want to bring
back all of your poll workers. And I think that is a bigger
challenge in some jurisdictions than others, some jurisdictions
have set up terrific monitoring evaluation programs, so they
know if the person went to training, if they opened the poll on
time, if they had a bunch of voters that didn't sign their
provisional ballots. They actually know who they hired, who
they trained and who they want to bring back.
And then in terms of retention, there's all sorts of, you
know things that we don't know whether they work or not, you
know, nice pens, nice certification, certificates of
appreciation, that kind of thing. I think we need to bring back
our good ones with newsletters and thank-you ceremonies and
that kind of thing, but I think we also need to recognize it
will be more and more difficult in the future to bring back a
sufficient number of skilled poll workers, and that is why we
need to get into some of these other creative Federal employee
programs, corporate poll worker programs, county employee
programs, high school student programs. I think we are going to
continually be challenged to beef up our pool.
Mr. Ehlers. In my experience at the polls, there is quite a
variety of jobs and some are very mundane, just checking off
lists and things like that; others are more demanding. It seems
to me the key is to have a really good supervisor or
supervisors who can keep everyone on the ball all the time.
Part of the problem, too, I think, fatigue, particularly if
you go to the polls at close to 8 o'clock and people have been
there since 7 o'clock, no real breaks. They are pretty worn
out, and I think fatigue affects their judgment and their
performance as well.
Ms. Collins-Foley. I think that is particularly true with--
some of the veteran poll workers are kind of used to that, but
the students going to these polling places, and they are either
bored out of their minds, or they find an opportunity to talk
to some of the older poll workers and get something out of it.
We find that the student poll workers say, I will never do
that again. And you consider that to be a sad thing, but we
find the hero of that program to be teachers, and if we can
find a way to make a fuss over what fantastic teachers give us
hundreds and thousands of students election after election,
that will keep that youth in the polling place, people know
that, particularly if a student goes off to college and may or
may not serve again, they have had that great exposure. It is
really the teachers that deserve the champion award for keeping
the youth coming back every election and bringing that energy
in.
Mr. Ehlers. That is excellent. It might also help to have a
separate room where they can go play video games for 15 minutes
every once in a while.
Ms. Lofgren. I was thinking the same thing.
Mr. Ehlers. I yield back, thank you.
Ms. Lofgren. Thank you. I am interested with the three
election officials on translated ballots and other materials in
qualified jurisdictions, Federal law requires that these
materials be made available to citizens whose first language is
a language other than English.
What kind of training have you implemented to ensure that
poll workers are actually providing these ballots? And then,
every year we hear of problems where maybe the material isn't
provided at the polling place. What kind of strategies have you
engaged to make sure that that does not create a problem. And
finally, in California, we found in our county it is so helpful
if you are able to actually recruit some bilingual poll workers
in areas where you know you are going to have a substantial
number of people using a ballot in another language, and how
have you approached that challenge?
Ms. Purcell. Thank you. Madam Chairman, we do a constant
recruiting of bilingual poll workers. It is required because we
are one of the 13 States covered under the National Voting
Rights Act, so we do that. But we constantly are going into the
communities. We are looking at our voter registration rolls to
make sure that we are servicing enough people.
We do kind of a two-tiered thing of recruiting poll workers
who say they are bilingual. We then have a test for them to
take with one of our bilingual people in our office to make
sure that they can in fact relate certain election issues and
questions to the workers. And we also have the Native American
languages, which of course are not written, and we have to
provide those in oral form to all the chapter houses on our
Indian reservations. So we have another thing that we have to
do, and we try to constantly keep up with that.
At our last election, our ballot was produced in both
English and Spanish. We are hopeful we won't have do that
again. We can have those ballots separate, because that made
for a 4-page ballot and was confusing to everyone, even the
Hispanic community complained about that.
Ms. Lofgren. We have actually separated them. In Santa
Clara County, like local option, we have gone on the expansive
side. California, of course, has these initiatives, and some of
them are very, very complicated. And even, you know, most
voters speak English, but to be able to read something that
complicated in your first language is a wonderful gift. And so
we have got Korean, Chinese, Spanish, Vietnamese, on and on and
on. Just the more you can help people understand it, the better
off the society is. We just have separate ballots in hand, a
different ballot to voters as they come in.
Ms. Purcell. We were the only county in Arizona that was
required by the Justice Department to produce a ballot that had
both English and Spanish, and it was confusing to everyone.
Ms. Lofgren. That is confusing.
Ms. Purcell. We are trying to deal with it.
Ms. Lofgren. Mr. Gough.
Mr. Gough. Yes. We have to print in English, Spanish and in
Chinese, and we recruit poll workers from their neighborhoods.
If we have 1,200 precincts that are covered under section 203,
which requires having Spanish-speaking poll workers in those
precincts, we make sure that the people we recruit from those
areas speak the language. Under section 203, we have about 68
precincts for which we recruit people that speak Mandarin so
that they can communicate with the voters. This has worked out
very well. It is expensive, though.
Ms. Lofgren. Mr. Mauro.
Mr. Mauro. In Iowa, it is not an issue at the present time.
We only print in English. The next census comes around that
possibly could change, but right now, we're only printing one
language.
Ms. Lofgren. Okay. I was thinking--and this is really the
final question I have--getting back to the recruitment of young
people, I know when my kids were going to San Jose High in
downtown San Jose, every kid was required to have a certain
number of hours of community service. And I will confess that
my kids, like the rest of the kids, would wait until the end,
and they would go, oh, my goodness, I have to have so many
hours to graduate. But I don't recall if we ever did anything
to say this could get a young person qualified to do that, and
if that is a thought, if it isn't qualified under community
service, that maybe we ought to do some outreach to schools to
be sure that it would qualify. And that it is a great
opportunity, because it is organized, and you don't have to
scramble to figure out what else to do.
And then just another reminder. When I was an
undergraduate, Stanford had a campus in England, and my
favorite political science professor, Ray Wolfinger, decided
that we would do polling in the Midlands, and no matter how
good you were at political science, you would not get the units
for his courses unless you actually went and did 100 interviews
for polls. And so for government classes, maybe we could
incentivize these kids also, because it is a great opportunity
and experience to see the wonderful American, electoral system
in action. So between community service and our government
teachers--that was my favorite class in high school--we might
be able to put some further incentives into place for young
people because they clearly will be part of the answer, not all
of the answer.
With that, we would note that we have 5 legislative days to
submit additional questions, and if you do we ask that you
respond to them as promptly as possible. And once again, we do
thank you very, very much for your willingness to be here.
Mr. Ehlers.
Mr. Ehlers. First of all, I notice your microphone is
cutting in and out. We better get that repaired.
Ms. Lofgren. Does anyone know someone on the House
Administration Committee?
Mr. Ehlers. Yeah, why don't we find Mr. Brady? I used to do
that myself.
I just want to thank you for this hearing. The last thing I
needed today was another hearing or meeting, but I thoroughly
enjoyed it, and I learned a lot, and I really appreciate you
doing this.
Also I can't resist making a comment, since I used to live
in California, and I know what you mean about the ballot
proposals. Unfortunately, California started the proposition
industry, and it has now moved to most States. I really wish we
could control it, because I totally agree with you, even if you
read perfect English, it is very hard to make sense of all the
nuances of the proposal.
Ms. Lofgren. Yes.
Mr. Ehlers. I wish we could control it in some way, because
I think we get some very bad laws.
Ms. Lofgren. Oftentimes, and California is the poster
child, I am afraid, for some of that, but----
Mr. Ehlers. Yeah.
Ms. Lofgren. With that, I would like to again thank the
witness. A lot of people don't realize that the witnesses come
as volunteers to the country, and it is a tremendous gift you
have given us today with your expertise. We do appreciate it
and will call this hearing to a close. Thank you.
[Whereupon, at 3:49 p.m., the subcommittee was adjourned.]
[Information follows:]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.533
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.534
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.535
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.536
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.537
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.538
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.539
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.540
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.541
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.542
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.543
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.544
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.545
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.546
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.547
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.548
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.549
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.550
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.551
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.552
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.553
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.554
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.555
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.556
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.557
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.558
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.559
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.560
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.561
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.562
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.563
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.564
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.565
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.566
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.567
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.568
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.569
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.570
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.571
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.572
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.573
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.574
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.575
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.576
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.577
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.578
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.579
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.580
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.581
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.582
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.583
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.584
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.585
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.586
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.587
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.588
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.589
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.590
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.591
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.592
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.593
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.594
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.595
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.596
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.597
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.598
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.599
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.600
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.601
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.602
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.603
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.604
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.605
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.606
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.607
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.608
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.609
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.610
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.611
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.612
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.613
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.614
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.615
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.616
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.617
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.618
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.619
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.620
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.621
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.622
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.623
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.624
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.625
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.626
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.627
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.628
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.629
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.630
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.631
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.632
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.633
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.634
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.635
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.636
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.637
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.638
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.639
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.640
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.641
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.642
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.643
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.644
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.645
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.646
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.647
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.648
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.649
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.650
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.651
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.652
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.653
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.654
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.655
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.656
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.657
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.658
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.659
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.660
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.661
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.662
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.663
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.664
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.665
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.666
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.667
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.668
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.669
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.670
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.671
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.672
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.673
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.674
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.675
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.676
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.677
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.678
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.679
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.680
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.681
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.682
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.683
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.684
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.685
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.686
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.687
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.688
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.689
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.690
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.691
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.692
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.693
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.694
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.695
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.696
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.697
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.698
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.699
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.700
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.701
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.702
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.703
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.704
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.705
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.706
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.707
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.708
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.709
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.710
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.711
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.712
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.713
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.714
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.715
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.716
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.717
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.718
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.719
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.720
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.721
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.722
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.723
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.724
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.725
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.726
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.727
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.728
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.729
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.730
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.731
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.732
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.733
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.734
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.735
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.736
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.737
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.738
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.739
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.740
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.741
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.742
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.743
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.744
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.745
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.746
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.747
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.748
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.749
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.750
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.751
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.752
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.753
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.754
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.755
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.756
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.757
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.758
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.759
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.760
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.761
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.762
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.763
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.764
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.765
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.766
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.767
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.768
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.769
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.770
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.771
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.772
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.773
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.774
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.775
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.776
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.777
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.778
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.779
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.780
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.781
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.782
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.783
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.784
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.785
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.786
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.787
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.788
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.789
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.790
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.791
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.792
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.793
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.794
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.795
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.796
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.797
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.798
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.799
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.800
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.801
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.802
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.803
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.804
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.805
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.806
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.807
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.808
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.809
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.810
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.811
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.812
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.813
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.814
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.815
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.816
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.817
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.818
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.819
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.820
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.821
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.822
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.823
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.824
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.825
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.826
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.827
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.828
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.829
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.830
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.831
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.832
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.833
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.834
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.835
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.836
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.837
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.838
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.839
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.840
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.841
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.842
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.843
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.844
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.845
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.846
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.847
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.848
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.849
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.850
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.851
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.852
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.853
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.854
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.855
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.856
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.857
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.858
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.859
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.860
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.861
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.862
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.863
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.864
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.865
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.866
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.867
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.868
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.869
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.870
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.871
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.872
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.873
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.874
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.875
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.876
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.877
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.878
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.879
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.880
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.881
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.882
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.883
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.884
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.885
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.886
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.887
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.888
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.889
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.890
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.891
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.892
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.893
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.894
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.895
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.896
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.897
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.898
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.899
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.900
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.901
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.902
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.903
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.904
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.905
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.906
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.907
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.908
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.909
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.910
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.911
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.912
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.913
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.914
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.915
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.916
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.917
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.918
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.919
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.920
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.921
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.922
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.923
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.924
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.925
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.926
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.927
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.928
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.929
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.930
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.931
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.932
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.933
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.934
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.935
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.936
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.937
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.938
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.939
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.940
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.941
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.942
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.943
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.944
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.945
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.946
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.947
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.948
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.949
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.950
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.951
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.952
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.953
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.954
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.955
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.956
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.957
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.958
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.959
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.960
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.961
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.962
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.963
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.964
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.965
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.966
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.967
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.968
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.969
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.970
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.971
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.972
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.973
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.974
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.975
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.976
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.977
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.978
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.979
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.980
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.981
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.982
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.983
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.984
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.985
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.986
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.987
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.988
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.989
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.990
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.991
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.992
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.993
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.994
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.995
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.996
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.997
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.998
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A.999
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.000
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.001
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.002
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.003
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.004
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.005
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.006
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.007
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.008
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.009
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.010
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.011
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.012
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.013
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.014
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.015
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.016
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.017
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.018
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.019
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.020
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.021
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.022
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.023
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.024
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.025
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.026
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.027
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.028
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.029
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.030
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.031
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.032
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.033
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.034
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.035
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.036
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.037
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.038
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.039
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.040
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.041
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.042
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.043
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.044
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.045
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.046
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.047
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.048
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.049
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.050
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.051
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.052
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.053
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.054
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.055
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.056
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.057
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.058
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.059
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.060
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.061
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.062
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.063
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.064
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.065
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.066
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.067
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.068
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.069
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.070
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.071
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.072
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.073
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.074
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.075
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.076
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.077
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.078
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.079
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.080
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.081
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.082
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.083
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.084
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.085
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.086
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.087
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.088
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.089
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.090
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.091
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.092
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.093
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.094
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.095
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.096
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.097
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.098
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.099
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.100
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.101
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.102
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.103
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.104
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.105
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.106
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.107
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.108
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.109
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.110
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.111
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.112
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.113
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.114
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.115
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.116
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.117
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.118
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.119
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.120
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.121
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.122
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.123
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.124
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.125
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.126
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.127
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.128
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.129
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.130
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.131
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.132
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.133
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.134
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.135
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.136
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.137
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.138
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.139
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] 40365A1.140