[House Hearing, 109 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES: IS NORTHERN NEW JERSEY READY?
=======================================================================
HEARING
before the
SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS, SCIENCE,
AND TECHNOLOGY
of the
COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS
SECOND SESSION
__________
JUNE 26, 2006
__________
Serial No. 109-88
__________
Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TONGRESS.#13
Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/
index.html
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
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U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
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_____________________________________________________________________________
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COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY
Peter T. King, New York, Chairman
Don Young, Alaska Bennie G. Thompson, Mississippi
Lamar S. Smith, Texas Loretta Sanchez, California
Curt Weldon, Pennsylvania Edward J. Markey, Massachusetts
Christopher Shays, Connecticut Norman D. Dicks, Washington
John Linder, Georgia Jane Harman, California
Mark E. Souder, Indiana Peter A. DeFazio, Oregon
Tom Davis, Virginia Nita M. Lowey, New York
Daniel E. Lungren, California Eleanor Holmes Norton, District of
Jim Gibbons, Nevada Columbia
Rob Simmons, Connecticut Zoe Lofgren, California
Mike Rogers, Alabama Sheila Jackson-Lee, Texas
Stevan Pearce, New Mexico Bill Pascrell, Jr., New Jersey
Katherine Harris, Florida Donna M. Christensen, U.S. Virgin
Bobby Jindal, Louisiana Islands
Dave G. Reichert, Washington Bob Etheridge, North Carolina
Michael McCaul, Texas James R. Langevin, Rhode Island
Charlie Dent, Pennsylvania Kendrick B. Meek, Florida
Ginny Brown-Waite, Florida
______
SUBCOMMITTE ON EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY
Dave G. Reichert, Washington, Chairman
Lamar S. Smith, Texas Bill Pascrell, Jr., New Jersey
Curt Weldon, Pennsylvania Loretta Sanchez, California
Rob Simmons, Connecticut Norman D. Dicks, Washington
Mike Rogers, Alabama Jane Harman, California
Stevan Pearce, New Mexico Nita M. Lowey, New York
Katherine Harris, Florida Eleanor Holmes Norton, District of
Michael McCaul, Texas Columbia
Charlie Dent, Pennsylvania Donna M. Christensen, U.S. Virgin
Ginny Brown-Waite, Florida Islands
Peter T. King, New York (Ex Bob Etheridge, North Carolina
Officio) Bennie G. Thompson, Mississippi
(Ex Officio)
(II)
C O N T E N T S
----------
Page
STATEMENTS
The Honorable Dave G. Reichert, a Representative in Congress For
the State of Washington, and Chairman, Subcommittee on
Emergency Preparedness, Science, and Technology................ 1
The Honorable Charlie Dent, a Representative in Congress For the
State of Pennsylvania, Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness,
Science, and Technology........................................ 3
The Honorable Bill Pascrell, Jr., a Representative in Congress
For the State of New Jersey.................................... 3
WITNESSES
Jerry Speziale, Sherriff, Passaic County, New Jersey:
Oral Statement................................................. 6
Prepared Statement............................................. 7
Armando Fontoura, Sheriff, Essex County, New Jersey:
Oral Statement................................................. 7
Prepared Statement............................................. 10
Michael Postorino, Fire Chief, City of Paterson, New Jersey:
Oral Statement................................................. 12
2Prepared Statement............................................ 14
Joseph Rotonda, Chief of Police, Township of Belleville, New
Jersey
Oral Statement................................................. 16
Prepared Statement............................................. 18
Richard Canas, Director, Office of Homeland Security and
Preparedness
Oral Statement................................................. 20
Prepared Statement............................................. 22
Walter Gramm, Executive Director, New Jersey Business Force,
Business Executives for National Security:
Oral Statement................................................. 36
Prepared Statement............................................. 38
Steve Kempf, Regional Director, Region II, Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security:
Oral Statement................................................. 39
Prepared Statement............................................. 41
Timothy Beres, Director, Preparedness Programs Division, Office
of Grants and Training, Department of Homeland Security:
Oral Statement................................................. 46
Prepared Statement............................................. 48
PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES: IS NORTHERN NEW JERSEY READY?
----------
Monday, June 26, 2006
U.S. House of Representatives
Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness,
Science, and Technology,
Committee on Homeland Security,
Washington, DC.
The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 11 a.m., in the
Auditorium of Passaic County Public Safety Academy, 300 Oldham
Road, Wayne, New Jersey, Hon. Dave Reichert chairman of the
Subcommittee presiding.
Present: Representatives Reichert, Dent and Pascrell.
Mr. Reichert. Well, good morning.
Before I gavel, I just want to say just a couple of quick--
can you hear me in the back OK? Great. I used to be, I was the
Sheriff in Seattle the last eight years, this is my first term
in Congress, I was a Deputy Sheriff for 33 years, and so it's a
pleasure to be here with you today.
I've learned that there's a certain formality about
hearings in Washington, D.C., and that it can make people
nervous, and especially the witnesses when they start to get
quizzed, but I know they all know Bill, and he's such a soft,
easy-going guy that nobody is going to be nervous. But, I just
kind of wanted to say that we want to make this relaxing and
comfortable. We want to make this a discussion with the group,
and I know that's the way Bill would like it, too. It's just
wonderful to be in your community and have a chance to be here.
It's a great opportunity to learn about what you are doing as
far as planning and training, and in communications in regards
to responding to emergencies.
And, I know now you are dealing with some flooding in your
neighborhood, because I got in late this morning, early this
morning about 2:00 in the morning, so I slept in my suit.
All right. This hearing of the Homeland Security
Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Science and Technology
will come to order. The Subcommittee will hear testimony today
on preparing for, and responding to, and preventing terrorist
attacks, and natural disasters and other emergencies.
I would like to thank everyone, the witnesses and the
public, for attending this morning's important hearing, and
then they give me a formal written statement to read, so you'll
just all be excited about hearing about this.
I would like to thank Mr. Pascrell, that's the most
important piece in this whole statement that I'm going to make
today, because we are working as a team. I think that a lot of
people wonder whether or not the Democrats and Republicans can
team up together and actually succeed in their efforts in
Congress, and I think Bill and I are a team that's been able to
do that. We are moving some important legislation, and for the
past five months have been working on some important
legislation that we hope to see on the floor in the next few
weeks.
But, I thank Bill for his friendship and his guidance and
support in working for America, and that's what he does.
This is the second field hearing we've done together, with
the first one being in my home district, which is in Washington
State, which borders the City of Seattle. Although Bill and I
hail from opposite coasts and belong to different political
parties, we, nonetheless, share a common vision for a safer
America.
There are few members of Congress as passionate as Bill on
issues to homeland security, and as one of the few former
Mayors serving in the House of Representatives Bill brings
leadership and expertise on the needs and concerns of those in
the front lines of our first responders.
Bill and I have been working on comprehensive legislation
to fix the most serious deficiencies within our National
Disaster Response System, as made evident by the government's
poor response to Hurricane Katrina last year.
Since taking over as Chairman of the Subcommittee, we've
held five hearings on interoperability and emergency
communication. As a first responder myself for over 30 years in
law enforcement and the former Sheriff of King County in
Washington, I know the importance of having situational
awareness in the field when responding to an event.
I was proud to work with Bill in drafting H.R. 5351, the
National Emergency Management Enhancement Act of 2006. This
legislation will, among other things, establish an Office of
Emergency Communication and consolidate the SAFECOM program,
the Integrated Wireless Network Project, and the Interoperable
Communications Technical Assistance Program within this new
office.
It was clear from witness testimony during our hearings for
the need to hold one person accountable for interoperable
communications in the Department of Homeland Security. H.R.
5351 will also make much needed structural improvements to
FEMA, but keep it within the Department of Homeland Security.
As many of you know, there is an ongoing debate whether to
remove FEMA from the Department of Homeland Security. This
legislation will restore the nexus between preparedness and
response, give FEMA direct reporting authority to the President
during a catastrophic event, and put safeguards in place to
prevent the Secretary of Homeland Security from taking vital
resources away from FEMA.
I am proud to say this legislation has strong backing, and
the first responder community groups supporting this
legislation include the National Sheriffs Association, the
International Association of Firefighters, the National
Volunteer Fire Council, and countless others. We worked with
all these groups in drafting this legislation, and it
represents a 21st Century approach to emergency management.
The purpose of this hearing is to help us gain a more
thorough understanding of what Congress can do to better assist
New Jersey, and the region, and their efforts to enhance it's
all hazards preparedness. Specifically, we will examine the
state of the region's coordination, cooperation, and the
planning for catastrophic events, whether manmade or natural,
and how well the Department of Homeland Security is working
with your state and our states across this country and local
governments.
The Department of Homeland Security recently announced
their grant awards for Fiscal Year 2006, and while Jersey City,
Newark area, saw an increase in urban area security initiative
funding there has, nonetheless, been much controversy
surrounding these grants, including the use of the new peer
review system.
As the Subcommittee and Congress, with direct oversight of
first responder grants, I'm hopeful the controversy surrounding
these recent grant announcements will bring the Senate to the
table to finally pass the faster, smarter funding for the First
Respondents Act. Congress needs to continue to show strong
support and strong oversight for the Department of Homeland
Security, and this needed legislation will make first responder
grants truly risk-based.
We are fortunate to have the opportunity to hear from so
many hard working, dedicated and expert public servants on the
state of our emergency preparedness. Your appearance today is
vitally important to the work of the Subcommittee, and no doubt
the Department, and to the country, and I'd like to thank our
witnesses and audience for being with us today.
Before we proceed any further this morning, as Chairman I
need to take care of some housekeeping issues. Because this is
an official congressional hearing, as opposed to a town hall
meeting, we must abide by certain rules of the Committee on
Homeland Security, as well as the House of Representatives.
Therefore, I kindly ask that there be no applause of any kind
or any kind of demonstration with regard to any testimony, and
it is important that we respect the decorum and the rules of
the Committee of the House, and thank you in advance for your
understanding, and the Chair now recognizes the Ranking Member
of the Subcommittee, Mr. Pascrell.
Mr. Pascrell. Thank you very much. Here comes our brother
from Pennsylvania. He just came through the water and the rain.
Welcome aboard, Congressman Dent.
Mr. Reichert. It's good to have you here.
Mr. Dent. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Reichert. He was escorted in by the Sheriff.
Mr. Pascrell. That's right, escorted by Sheriff Speziale,
very good.
I want to begin today by, I want to thank some people. This
is a pretty big thing when a congressional hearing is not in
Washington, it's in part of the country, because there's a lot
of things--bureaucracies, you have to put together, you just
don't say let's have a hearing and it happens. It doesn't work
that way.
I want to thank the President of the Passaic County
Community College, Steve Rose, for permitting us to be here,
the Deputy Chief, Tom Lyons, for setting up the hearing, the
Passaic County Sheriff, Jerry Speziale, and his department for
handling all transportation for today, our Passaic County
Prosecutor, James Vigliano, all of our police and fire chiefs
who are attending, many of them are here, all of the police,
fire and EMS that are here.
Just a few moments ago, we went over to the fire house and
saw the recruits that are here at the Fire Academy. Freeholder
Terry Duffy was kind enough to shake loose from his important
schedule, busy schedule, New Jersey State Fire Marshal Larry
Petrillo, and all the representatives that came up from Fort
Monmouth, we really appreciate this.
To all of our witnesses, who our Chairman will introduce in
a few moments before we get going, on both of our panels, we
have a lot to cover today, and I want to thank the Chairman for
coming to New Jersey, you know, this afternoon we leave and go
back to Washington for another week, hopefully, of work.
I want to welcome my good friend Charlie Dent from
Pennsylvania. These are two good guys. We are not in the same
party, but we have--we made a commitment in the very beginning
that we were going to get over party differences and do what we
had to do for the American people, and we are not going to be
dissuade from that.
I want to thank all of our witnesses for their
participation. Local first responders, state security experts,
and the officials from the Department of Homeland Security,
they are going to discuss their efforts to protect our
citizens.
The title of the hearing is, ``Preparing for, Responding
to, and Preventing Terrorists Attacks, Natural Disasters and
Other Emergencies: Is Northern New Jersey Ready?'' We know that
there are an abundance of risks and vulnerabilities associated
with our region, and this official congressional committee
hearing will delve into the various security endeavors our
local, state and Federal Governments have taken, undertaken,
engaged the levels of success so far. Look how many people have
come out on this, citizens, as well as first responders,
because we are inevitably all first responders, and I want to
thank you for your interest in what we do.
New Jersey is, after all, the most densely populated state
in the Nation. Due to its unmatched collection of critical
transportation, utility, petro chemical, pharmaceutical
infrastructure, New Jersey functions as a critical global choke
point of people or people and product. Our state ferries tens
of millions of passengers to global destinations, and it ushers
delivery of a vast quantity of goods to markets in the
northeastern, southern, western United States, Canada, as well
as Europe and the Far East.
So, disruption to New Jersey's key transportation
infrastructure, as precipitated by an act of terrorism, or a
natural disaster, would severely affect both the national and
international economic stability. We are not simply talking
about the State of New Jersey.
The seaports of Newark and Elizabeth process nearly 10
percent of our Nation's total freight, just that one area, 850
million tons per year come through those ports.
A terrorist incident, or a natural disaster, would have the
effect of placing vessel traffic at a standstill, resulting in
a loss of billions of dollars of potential revenues daily from
our economy. In addition, the surrounding superstructure of
Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, the Newark Liberty International
Airport, as well as the densely populated communities just
south, whether it be Woodbridge, Edison, Linden or Rahway,
would compound the humanitarian and economic disaster. Should
any activity close the New Jersey Turnpike, for any duration,
the result would be extreme gridlock in the Northeast Corridor.
The trucks moving goods and supplies through to the Northeast
would be shut down.
We rank third in the Nation, New Jersey does, in terms of
chemical production. There is almost 100 sites in New Jersey
where large quantities of highly-toxic, highly-volatile
chemicals are stored and used. Any of those sites have the
ability to cause significant numbers of fatalities and serious
illnesses, and we are going to have people on the second panel
from the business community see what they are doing, because if
this isn't a partnership, if you think that the Federal
Government can do all of these things, you are wrong, we don't
believe that. We know our responsibilities, and we've got to
make sure that those responsibilities are carried out.
So, any of these sites could mean significant amount of
fatalities, serious illnesses, as a result of a terrorist
attack or a natural disaster, and we must do everything we can
to prevent, to prepare, and respond. We must remember this
fact, if and when terrorists or natural disasters strike our
homeland, it will be those on the local level that are most
affected, and we saw when we went, not too long ago, to London,
Madrid and Rome, all of those three places that have been
bombed in the last several years, and talking in London, where
they understand, really, I don't believe we understand it, we
in Federal Government understand it, what boots on the ground
really mean.
In London, for instance, most of the information they
gather in intelligence is not done from the top, it's done from
the soldier, so to speak, the police officer from Scotland Yard
and New Scotland Yard. This is something we have to get tuned
into for folks who are already in the community that can
provide intelligence up the ladder.
Homeland security must begin at home, in our communities,
in our cities, our towns. It is imperative that our men and
women on the front lines are fully coordinated with the state
and Federal Government, that robust communication, that robust
cooperation, and integration throughout the varied spheres of
our security apparatus do exist.
I want to help ensure that the Department of Homeland
Security, and I think my two colleagues would admit, it's come
under a lot of battering in the last couple of months, and we
have people saying that we are on the forefront of creating the
Department, not have second thoughts. You put 22 Federal
agencies together, 180,000 people, people are having second
thoughts about that, whether we created a dinosaur.
I want to help ensure that the Department is effectively
working with state and local agencies in addressing the
challenges of developing and implementing emergency
preparedness response, and I think we all three of us want to
hear that from our local communities if you are not getting the
cooperation.
I'm also looking forward to hearing from an array of
emergency management and first responder officials. I'm
interested to learn what they believe are the greatest
impediments to their success.
So, I welcome everybody here today. I welcome the two
Congressmen, who have come from somewhat relative distances
from the other side of the world to come to our area. We are
proud in the 8th Congressional District, this district extends
from Pompton Lakes all the way down to Livingston, it's a long
district of 21 counties.
So, thank you all for coming, and thank you, our panelists,
first panel and second panel, and, Chairman, thank you again
for all that you've done to make sure that safety is first and
we protect our public.
Thank you, Mr. Pascrell, and the Chair will recognize
Congressman Dent for any statements he might want to make.
Mr. Dent. Yes, and I'll be very brief, I just want to thank
the Chairman for bringing this Subcommittee to Northern New
Jersey, and also thank Ranking Member Pascrell for his strong
leadership on homeland security issues, and it's just great to
be here.
My main interest here is, not just as a member of the
committee, but I'm also selfish, in that my constituency is in
the Lehigh Valley of Pennsylvania, Allentown, Bethlehem and
Easton, we are just on the other side of the Delaware River,
and how northern New Jersey responds to disaster, whether it be
manmade or natural disaster, impacts my constituency
significantly, since large numbers of my constituents make
their livelihoods over here in northern New Jersey and the New
York Metropolitan Area. Large numbers of people from eastern
Pennsylvania travel on Interstate 78 and Route 80 into the New
York Metropolitan Area every day.
So, what happens here truly will have an enormous impact on
my constituency, so that's why I want to learn about what you
are doing here in northern New Jersey, and I want to learn
about how you are going to prepare and respond.
Also, I always worry, too, in that should there ever be,
heaven forbid, some type of a major evacuation out of the New
York Metropolitan Area, that will have an enormous impact on my
constituency, because most people will be heading west on those
interstates, and we talk about that quite a bit in my
community. It's something that we think about.
So, without any further commentary from me, I just want to
hear from our presenters today, and I truly thank you for this
opportunity to allow us to participate here in Northern New
Jersey.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Mr. Dent. I will call our first
panel. With us on the first panel are Hon. Jerry Speziale,
Sheriff of Passaic County, New Jersey, Hon. Armando Fontoura,
Sheriff of Essex County, New Jersey, Mr. Joseph Rotonda, Chief
of Police, Belleville Township, New Jersey, Mr. Michael
Postorino, Fire Chief, City of Paterson, New Jersey, and Mr.
Richard Caas, Director, Office of Homeland Security and
Preparedness, State of New Jersey, and the Chair now recognizes
Sheriff Speziale.
STATEMENT OF HON. JERRY SPEZIALE, SHERIFF, PASSAIC COUNTY,
STATE OF NEW JERSEY
Mr. Speziale. Good morning.
Mr. Reichert. Excuse me, just before you get started, you
don't have to read your entire statement if you don't want to.
Mr. Speziale. Yes, OK.
Mr. Reichert. You have five minutes, so, you know, just
whatever you feel like, whatever moves your spirit.
Mr. Speziale. Very good.
Good morning. As the Sheriff of Passaic County, I want to
welcome this important committee to Passaic County. I want to
first thank your Congressman, Bill Pascrell and the other
Congressmen, you, Congressman Reichert, and Congress Dent, for
being here for this very important meeting.
Last month, myself and my compatriot here, Essex County
Sheriff, Armando Fontoura, attended a Senate Homeland Security
Conference and met with members of the New Jersey Delegation,
to talk about some of the issues we had here in Passaic County.
And, rest assured, here in Passaic County the public safety
community, the fire, the EMS, the police, the prosecutor, and
the chiefs of police, we all have an extremely close working
relationship, which is founded on mutual respect, trust and
friendship. Passaic County public safety here works as a team.
The territorial touchiness no longer exists.
However, the biggest problem that we have here is funding,
and communications, and some of the things that are faced
throughout the Nation that really need to be brought to the
forefront so that we can get the equipment that we need,
instead of just having the shirts on our back. That's really
what we are faced with here in New Jersey, and I believe that's
pretty much throughout the country.
Thank you.
[The prepared statement of Sheriff Speziale follows:]
Retained in the Record
Mr. Reichert. You yield the rest of your time, Jerry?
Mr. Speziale. Yes.
Mr. Reichert. That's pretty unusual for a Sheriff to be
that short, I know.
Mr. Speziale. I give it to my buddy here.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Sheriff. The Chair now recognizes
Sheriff Fontoura.
STATEMENT OF ARMANDO FONTOURA, SHERIFF, ESSEX COUNTY, STATE OF
NEW JERSEY
Mr. Fontoura. Mr. Chairman, Congressman Dent, Congressman
Pascrell, thank you very much for being here. We appreciate the
opportunity for Bill Pascrell, one of the most steadfast
supporters of law enforcement and public safety personnel, we
thank you for all the work that you do on our behalf.
I'm not only the Sheriff in Essex County, I'm also the
Emergency Management Coordinator for that County.
Essex County is also one of the core members of the UASI
area for this area, the Urban Area Security Initiative.
Counter-terrorist experts say they have two miles along our
County, the two most dangerous miles in America. Rest assured
that we don't disagree with that categorization. The
metropolitan area is the busiest airport, one the world's
largest seaports, as Congressman Pascrell pointed out, and the
State's largest railroad station, all located in Newark. We
also have an intricate and vulnerable ground transportation
network.
Other potential terrorist targets in Essex County include
chemical refineries, propane gas farms and natural gas storage
facilities, the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, malls,
medical centers, universities and New Jersey's largest and
busiest Superior Court system, and one of the largest District
Courts, Federal Courts, in the country.
Captured documents reveal that Newark's Prudential complex,
Prudential Towers, have been of particular interest to Al-Qaida
terrorists. Because of this threat, law enforcement
surveillance continues at Prudential.
With these targets simultaneously in play, we have
intensified our vigilance analyzing and investigating every
lead, and shared all the intelligence as it relates to threats
upon us. We continue to conduct Weapons of Mass Destruction and
Counter-Terrorism seminars. We constantly rehearse through
effectiveness of water, food and medicine. We have practiced
searching for nuclear devices in our training first responders
in vehicle-borne and suicide bomber detection. With the threat
of the Avian Flu, we are conducting regional exercises so that
we may effectively respond to pandemics.
Our preparedness exercises and training are in place
because Northern New Jersey is no stranger to incidents of
terrorism.
In 1994, our Bomb Squad was called to investigate a North
Caldwell resident who was killed when he opened a mail bomb
sent by the notorious Unabomber.
Jersey City, and we all know was the headquarters for the
s-called ``Blind Sheik,'' Omar Abdul Rahman, who staged a
ground 1993 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center.
Many of the victims of the 2001 terrorist attack on the
trade center were from Northern New Jersey, including more than
40 from our own County.
The investigation of the 2001 attack verified that as many
as 11 of the terrorists assimilated to our culture right here
in this neighborhood. Nineteen of the 21 terrorists traveled
through Northern New Jersey, as we all know, while they
plotted, and one of the planes left from our own airport.
As to future threats, our boots are on the ground, and our
First Responders are training, exercising and watching.
We thank our Federal partners for their financial support,
allowing us to acquire vital communications, protective gear,
and other counter-terrorism hardware.
Of major concern to us is the target-hardening of our
critical infrastructure. We have a wealth of targets and a
population that would be severely at risk in the event of a
major disaster.
More funding must be expended on high security fencing,
motion detectors, surveillance cameras, security barriers.
Funding must be provided for our private-sector partners, who
manage over 85 percent of our country's critical infrastructure
facilities and sites.
Since 2004, Federal Homeland Security funding for Northern
New Jersey, while generous, has been reduced. Our 2005 and 2006
funds have almost exclusively been earmarked and expended on
target-hardening. Congress must enact legislation mandating
that vulnerable, yet profit-making industries, adhere to 21st
Century security standards.
As we analyze the potential threats to Northern New Jersey,
additional Federal funding is needed for hospital bedding,
emergency medical supplies, such as those our hospitals would
need for a tremendous surge of incoming patients due to
disaster.
Our best defense and response mechanism for disaster are
trained First Responders, who would conduct de-contamination
operations and distribute mass medication.
Terrorism is not our only concern, catastrophic weather
would also severely put us to the test.
While Essex County has an Emergency Operations Center, the
facility is inadequate. Essex County's Operations Center does
not contain state-of-the-art interoperable communications, nor
does it have the capacity to serve as the alternate seat of
government.
The New Jersey Transit Office Emergency Center is located
next to Newark's Penn Station and the Port Authority is
adjacent to the Holland Tunnel.
Catastrophic weather or other disasters could force the
closure of both of those centers. As their nearest neighbor,
both agencies would turn to Essex County. Regretfully, we would
also be unable to meet their needs at this time.
The New York State Police's north regional Office of
Emergency Management is located in Essex County. It would seem
to make great sense to fund and construct a coordinated
Emergency Operations Center with the State Police as our
partner.
Catastrophic weather or a terrorism event would also put
our ability to evacuate and shelter a large group of people to
the test. The low-lying, Ironbound section of Newark, my home
town, would be severely impacted by a hurricane on the scale of
Katrina. A terrorist incident in New York City could force the
evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people that would pass
through or be sheltered in Essex County.
At this time, Essex County is incapable of evacuating or
sheltering hundreds of thousands of disaster victims.
Also, contingency plans such as reverse lanes of traffic to
accommodate an evacuation have never been tested. These
contingencies should be funded so that we may study these
problems and conduct appropriate exercises. Disaster could
jeopardize continuity of operations and continuity of
government.
Currently, no plan is in place to transfer and store vital
government records. Again, feasibility studies and operational
exercises should be funded and conducted. First Responders are
stretched to the limit, while we attempt to do more with less,
and realize the importance of our mission. We will soon
approach a point of diminishing returns for our efforts. It is
not a matter of ``if'' we will be attacked, but when we will be
attacked.
Funding must go to where the threats are greatest and to
where the population is most vulnerable. When you have
terrorists operating in our community, as they have operated
here in Northern New Jersey, ``beat cops'' with training are in
the best position to find them. I firmly believe that it is
from the hood of a police car that terrorism will be stopped.
Those of us who live in Northern New Jersey expect future
blackouts, blizzards, ice storms and nor'easters. To facilitate
our effective response, we must have the operational ability
and related hardware in place and at the ready.
More than 21 million people live in the metropolitan area.
Locally, the stakes are extremely high. We urge you to support
and fund our needs.
I thank you for the opportunity to be here.
[The prepared statement of Mr. Fontoura follows:]
Prepared Statement of Armando Fontoura
Mr. Chairman, distinguished members of Congress, ladies and
gentlemen.
My name is Armando Fontoura and I am the Sheriff of Essex County,
New Jersey and Coordinator of the Essex County Office of Emergency
Management.
Thank you for this opportunity to appear today before you and the
House Homeland Security Committee's Subcommittee on Emergency
Preparedness, Science and Technology.
For those who are unfamiliar with northern New Jersey, please know
that Essex County is a core county member of the Urban Area Security
Initiative, commonly known as UASI.
As reported in the New York Times, federal counter-terrorist
officials have categorized parts of Essex County, the financial,
industrial and cultural capital and the transportation hub of New
Jersey, as "America's Two Most Dangerous Miles".
Those of us charged with protecting the people of our community and
our critical infrastructure do not disagree with the "Most Dangerous"
classification.
Essex County is home to the busiest international airport in the
New York/New Jersey metropolitan area, one of the world's largest and
most active seaports and New Jersey's largest and busiest railway
station.
As one of our nation's most densely populated regions, Essex County
is also home to a wide variety of potential terrorist targets,
including chemical refineries, propane gas farms, natural gas storage
facilities, pharmaceutical companies, the New Jersey Performing Arts
Center, Riverfront Stadium, major shopping malls, many colleges,
universities and hospitals, an intricate and interdependent network of
highways, rail lines, bridges and tunnels, and New Jersey's largest and
busiest Superior Court vicinage and our federal courts.
Captured documents specifically reveal that Newark's Prudential
complex has been of particular interest to Al-Qaida terrorists. Because
of this 2004 threat, law enforcement surveillance at Prudential
continues.
With these many targets simultaneously in play, local, regional and
state Homeland Security personnel and law enforcement agencies have
intensified our vigilance, analyzed and investigated every potential
lead and shared all intelligence as it relates to threats upon us.
Steadfastly, we continue to conduct Weapons of Mass Destruction and
Counter-Terrorism seminars, Water, Food and Medicine Distribution
rehearsals, Nuclear Device Search and enhanced Explosives Detection
exercises, specifically training First Responders in vehicle-born and
suicide bomber detection. And now, with the threat of Avian Flu, we are
conducting regional exercises so that we may effectively respond to
pandemics.
Our preparedness exercises and training are in place because Essex
County and our neighbors are no strangers to incidents of terrorism.
On December 10, 1994, Mr. Thomas Mosser of North Caldwell, was
killed when he opened a mail bomb sent by Ted Kaczynski, the notorious
Unabomber.
Jersey City was the headquarters for the so-called "Blind Sheik",
Omar Abdul Rahman, and staging ground for the 1993 terrorist attack on
the World Trade Center.
Many of the victims of the 2001 terrorist attack on the trade
center were from northeastern New Jersey, including more than 40 Essex
County residents.
The follow-up investigation to the 2001 attack documents that 19 of
the 21 terrorists traveled through northern New Jersey, plotting their
assault right in our own backyard, and as many as eleven of the
terrorists assimilated our culture and lived among us.
As to future threats, our boots are on the ground. Thousands of law
enforcement officers and other First Responders are training,
exercising and watching.
We thank our federal partners for their technical expertise and
past financial support to acquire vital protective gear,
communications, rolling stock and other counter-terrorism hardware.
Of major concern to those of us in northern New Jersey is the
target-hardening of our critical infrastructure. As noted earlier, we
have a wealth of tempting targets and a population that would be
severely at-risk in the event of a manmade or natural disaster.
More funding must be expended on items such as high security
fencing, motion detectors, surveillance cameras, security barriers and
training for our First Responders and our private-sector partners who
manage over 85% of our county's critical infrastructure facilities and
sites.
Since 2004, federal Homeland Security funding to northeastern New
Jersey, while generous, has been reduced. Our 2005 and 2006 funds have,
almost exclusively, been earmarked and expended on target-hardening.
However, in order to support this public-sector financial
investment in our safety, Congress must enact legislation, mandating
that vulnerable, yet profit-making, industries, whether chemical,
petroleum or nuclear power, for example, adhere to security standards
that meet the needs of the 21st century.
As we look forward and calculate the potential for manmade or
natural threats, additional federal funding is needed for HAZMAT
detection equipment, hospital bedding and emergency medical supplies,
such as X-ray machines, MRI's and sterilization equipment, specifically
the equipment that our hospitals and health care facilities would need
in the event of a tremendous surge of incoming patients as a result of
a catastrophic natural disaster or terrorist incident.
The best defense against terrorist and the first line of response
to natural disasters are trained law enforcement officers,
firefighters, emergency medical technicians and hospital personnel who
would be charged with a major surge of incoming patients and the
distribution of mass medication and prophylaxes.
A terrorist attack is not our only concern. A catastrophic weather
event, such as a hurricane on the scale of Katrina, would severely put
us to the test as would an airline crash in our densely populated urban
area or a major HAZMAT incident.
While Essex County has an Emergency Operations Center we believe
this facility to be inadequate to meet our needs. A viable EOC should
contain state-of-the-art interoperable communications and have the
capability to serve as the alternate seat of government.
The EOC for New Jersey Transit is located next to Newark's Penn
Station and the EOC for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
is located just outside of the Holland Tunnel.
A catastrophic weather event could force the closure of either
center. As their nearest neighbor, both agencies would turn to Essex
County. Regretfully, we would also be unable to meet their many needs.
The New Jersey State Police's north regional Office of Emergency
Management is located in Essex County. It would seem to make great
sense to fund and construct a coordinated Emergency Operations Center
with the State Police as our partner in Essex County.
A catastrophic weather event or terrorist event would also put our
ability to evacuate and shelter a large group of people. The low-lying,
Ironbound section of Newark would be severely impacted by a hurricane.
A terrorist incident in New York City could force the evacuation of
hundreds of thousands of people who would pass through or be sheltered
in Essex County.
At this time, Essex County could cope with an evacuation and
sheltering of hundreds of victims but not thousands or tens of
thousands or hundreds of thousands of people.
In the event of such a major disaster, contingency plans, such as
reverse lanes traffic to accommodate an evacuation, have never been
tested. These contingencies should be funded so that we may study these
problems and conduct appropriate exercises.
Weather, terrorism or any other significant disaster could also
jeopardize Continuity of Operations and Continuity of Government.
Currently, no plan is in place to transfer and store vital government
records and documents. Again, feasibility studies and operational
exercises should be funded and conducted.
Right now, the boots we have on the ground are stretched to the
limit. We are all doing more with less. We all realize the importance
of our mission. However, we will soon approach a point of diminishing
returns for our efforts.
UASI members know it is not a matter of "if" we will be attacked.
but where and when.
The pork barrel must be taken out of the funding formula. Funding
must go to where the threats are greatest and to where the population
is most vulnerable.
When you have terrorists operating in the community, as they have
operated here in northeastern New Jersey, in Canada, in London and in
Spain, "beat cops" with training are in the best position to find them.
I firmly believe that it is from the hood of a police car that
terrorism will be stopped.
We who live in northern New Jersey expect to experience future
blackouts, blizzards, ice storms and nor'easters. To facilitate our
effective response to such incidents, we must have the operational
ability and related hardware in place and at the ready.
More than 21 million people live in the metropolitan area. Locally,
the stakes are extremely high. We urge you to support and fund our
needs.
I thank Representative Pascrell for bringing this important hearing
to our district and I thank the Chairman for this opportunity to appear
before you today.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Sheriff. The Chair now recognizes
Chief Postorino.
STATEMENT OF MICHAEL POSTORINO, FIRE CHIEF, CITY OF PETERSON,
STATE OF NEW JERSEY
Mr. Postorino.. Thank you.
Let me express what an honor it is that I was asked to
participate in this Homeland Security Emergency Preparedness
Subcommittee hearing. First, I would like to recognize and than
Hon. Members of the Emergency Preparedness, Science and
Technology Committee, Congressman Reichert, Congressman
Pascrell, and Congressman Dent, Committee members.
Two areas which are always at the forefront of emergency/
disaster responses are: [1] Command & Control, and [2]
Communications.
Regarding Command & Control, fire departments in general
are usually the most adept at working within a structured
Incident Command System. Prior to Executive Order No. 50,
issued by the State, as per the New Jersey Division of Fire
Safety, all members of the Department are required to
participate and receive Incident Command Training.
Additionally, every service call, which in our case for the
City of Paterson totals over 6,000 fire and 26,000 EMS calls,
results in the Incident Command System being utilized on a
daily basis.
Unfortunately, experience has shown that when we are
involved in large-scale incidents, which require a ``Unified
Command Structure,'' a large number of other agencies which may
have a ``classroom understanding'' of the Incident Command
System lack a ``working knowledge'' of the system. As an
incident escalates, and in particular where a Federal, State
and local response is mandated, failure of such respective
agencies to have a working knowledge of NIMS and the Incident
Command System will present major coordination and control
problems.
Consistent with Homeland Security Presidential Directive
HSPD 5, and State of New Jersey Executive Order 50, the
Paterson Fire Department has taken the initiative and completed
the required Incident Command and NIMS training mandated for
Fiscal Years 2005 and 2006, and we will continue to meet the
training requirements for Fiscal Year `07.
Regarding communication, the biggest challenge in
particular when a Federal, State and local response is
warranted deals with interoperability. While efforts are being
made to improve on the interoperability, it doesn't appear that
such efforts are moving fast enough. During our various
emergency drills, the same complaints resurface about different
agencies not having the capabilities of communicating with each
other, or sharing data. Again, while improvements are being
made, some of the same communications issues identified post 9/
11 are still quite evident today.
While events of the magnitude of Hurricane Katrina, 9/11 or
Oklahoma City are not every-day occurrences, thank God, many
events that do occur on a daily basis, such as building fires,
rescues, chemical spills, train derailments, and highway
incidents require different agencies for jurisdiction to
communicate with one another to provide the necessary equipment
and manpower to mitigate the incident.
What I ask is, are we really better prepared or are we just
more aware?
I'll give you a couple examples of the City of Paterson,
blackouts, back in 2003 we had the blackout of the Northeast.
We lost power, we lost all ability to phone service, no
redundancy for our computer systems, no ability for our
firefighters to respond unless they manually were able to do it
using their cell phones. This is unacceptable in today's day
and age. We have yearly storms. Extrication gets hindered by
lightning strikes, which in the case of Passaic County would
knock out our radio tower. This radio tower can only be
restarted if one individual--by an individual who has the key
to go up to an off-site, unlock it, and manually start the
generator. How can that be in today's day and age?
Just last month, the City of Paterson had a train
derailment. While the Fire Department worked in conjunction
with the Passaic County Sheriff's Department to help the
Department, the Paterson OEM, Paterson Police, New Jersey State
Police, New Jersey Task Force One, one of the simplest
functions, being able to communicate, can only be done using
either our cell phones or face to face. How is it that we can
talk to people on the moon, but yet within one block we cannot
communicate with our radio system?
Some solutions, we need to invest in solar power for
redundant back-up power. We need alternative antenna repeater
sites. We need to regionalize our radio frequency bandwidth, so
that all emergency responders can communicate. We have to
prevent the FCC from allowing commercial vendors from
purchasing low-powered systems which cause bleed overs during
our emergency operations.
I can give you an example of how we'll be working on an
emergency scene, we have a limousine company that will come in
and, basically, bleed out our members while we are giving out
orders, while they are giving their directions for where they
need to go. We need to upgrade our infrastructure so that the
technology that's out there today can be supported.
As far as funding goes, fire departments have to compete
with other city agencies, with different demographics, for gas
tax dollars. Funding cycles must be planned far in advance for
changes or upgrades of costly equipment. One of the major
problems we run into is that by the time the budgets get
approved the technology is almost already out of date, and this
causes--and the manufacturer no longer can support the
technology.
Some solutions, funding assistance from Federal sources
must be consistent in order to provide necessary training,
continuity of operations of instituted programs, and
replacement of necessary manpower and needs.
In conclusion, while there is new awareness regarding the
threats which emergency responders face today, and while
efforts are being made to prepare for such threats, the sad
reality is that first responders still lack the necessary
training and equipment to handle the emergencies of any large-
scale incident.
Again, I would close with what I opened, are we better
prepared or are we really just more aware?
Thank you.
[The prepared statement of Mr. Postorino follows:]
Prepared Statement of Michael Postorino
Let me express what an honor it is that I was asked to participate
in this Homeland Security Emergency Preparedness Subcommittee Hearing.
First I would like to recognize and thank the Honorable Members of
the Emergency Preparedness, Science and Technology Subcommittee:
Congressman David Reichert, Subcommittee Chairman; Congressman Bill
Pascrell, Jr., Subcommittee Ranking Member; and Congressman Charles
Dent, Subcommittee member.
Committee Members:
Two areas which are always at the forefront of any Emergency/
Disaster Response are: (1) Command & Control and (2) Communications.
Regarding Command & Control, Fire Departments in general are
usually the most adept at working within a structured Incident Command
System. Prior to Executive Order # 50 being issued, as per the New
Jersey Division of Fire Safety, all members of the Department were
required to receive Incident Command Training. Additionally, every
service call, which in our case totals over 6000, results in the
Incident Command System being utilized on a daily basis. Unfortunately,
experience has shown that when we are involved in large-scale incidents
which require a "Unified Command Structure", a large number of other
agencies which may have a "classroom understanding" of the Incident
Command System lack a "working knowledge" of the System. As an incident
escalates, and in particular, where a Federal, State, and local
response is mandated, failure of such respective agencies to have a
"working knowledge" of NIMS and the ICS will present major coordination
and control problems.
Regarding Communications, the biggest challenge, in particular,
when a Federal, State, and Local response is warranted, deals with
interoperability. While efforts are being made to improve on the
interoperability, it doesn't appear that such efforts are moving fast
enough. During our various emergency drills, the same complaints
resurface about different agencies not having the capabilities of
communicating with each other. Again, while improvements are being
made, some of the same communication issues identified "post 9/11" are
still quite evident today.
While events of the magnitude of Hurricane Katrina, 9/11, or
Oklahoma City are not everyday occurrences; Many events that do occur
on a daily basis such as building fires, rescues, chemical spills,
train derailments and highway incidents require different agencies or
jurisdictions to communicate with one another to provide the necessary
equipment and manpower to mitigate the incident.
Are we better prepared, or are we just more aware?
Examples of Everyday Occurrences:
Blackouts: No backup power, lost phone service, no redundancy in
computer systems and radio systems. Only 3 of the 7 firehouses have
backup generators. These generators are over 25 years old and need
replacement. We have applied for solar powered electrical backup units
for all firehouses via the 2006 Fire Act Program.
Yearly Storms: Common occurrences such as extraction of residents
in low lying areas near Passaic River. Radio tower was struck by
lightning knocking out power, rendering all communications unusable.
Backup generator is a manual start unit which necessitates someone
going to the site to start it.
Train Derailment: The Paterson Fire Department worked in
conjunction with the Sheriff's Department, Health Department, Paterson
O.E.M., Paterson Police, NJ State Police, Department of Pubic Works, NJ
Task Force One, and the Susquehanna Railroad Company. There was no
communications due to the lack of radio interoperability.
Solutions:
Investment in solar power for redundant backup power.
Alternative antenna repeater site.
Regionalization of radio frequency bandwidth.
Have the FCC prevent commercial vendors from purchasing low powered
systems which cause bleed over and distortion on our public safety
primary stations.
Provide a trunked radio system and training in proper operation
procedures. This will provide no delay in being able to communicate
with other agencies.
Upgrade wiring in building infrastructure to support new
technology.
Funding Sources:
The Fire Department has to compete with other city agencies for
scarce tax dollars.
Funding cycles must be planned far in advance for changes or
upgrades of costly equipment.
One of the major problems we run into is that by the time the
budgets get approved the technology is out of date and in many cases
the manufacturer no longer supports the technology.
Solutions:
Funding assistance from federal sources must be consistent in order
to provide necessary training, continual operation of instituted
programs, and replacement of manpower.
Grants Procured by the Paterson Fire Department:
(Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program Awards)
2001 AFG grant for Personal Protective Equipment
$244,933.00--SCBA's,Turnout Gear
2002 AFG grant for Fire Operations and Firefighter Safety
$117,331.00--Portable Radios, SCBA Voice Amplifiers
2003 AFG grant for Fire Operations and Firefighter Safety
$136,751.00--Firehouse Air Filtration Systems & Decon Washer/Dryer
2004 AFG Fire Prevention and Safety Program for General Prevention
Awareness and Multi-Hazard Prevention Programs
$216,639.00--Fire Companies with Notebook Computers to interface
with Fire Inspection Program, hire 2 inspectors
2005 AFG grant for Rescue Truck Purchase
$280,000.00--Rescue Truck Purchase
2005 SAFER "Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response" grant to
hire personnel.
$6,374,080.00--Hire 64 Firefighters
The seven city firehouses average 40 years of age with antiquated
mechanical and electrical systems; in most cases the wiring is
inadequate for today's power needs. Security systems are non existent.
We have installed new fencing and installed new locks but if the terror
alert is raised, we have no other security measures in place.
In the past the Paterson Fire Department applied 3 times for a
rescue truck before being successful. This, after showing that the City
had not been able to procure a new truck since 1984.
Consistent with Federal & State requirements, the Paterson Fire
Department maintains and updates the Fire/Rescue, Hazmat, and EMS
Emergency Annexes, which in part comprise the City of Paterson
Emergency Operation Plan. In addition, the Paterson Fire Department
will be presenting an addendum to the Evacuation plan, which is
maintained and updated by the Paterson Police Department.
Consistent with Homeland Security Presidential Directive/HSPD-5,
and State of New Jersey Executive Order # 50, the Paterson Fire
Department has taken the initiative and completed the required Incident
Command and NIMS training mandated for Fiscal Years 2005 and 2006, and
will continue to meet the training requirements for Fiscal Year 2007.
The Paterson Fire Department has and will continue to partake in
various emergency disaster drills designed to identify any areas of
concern, which need to be addressed.
In conclusion, while there is a new awareness regarding the threats
which emergency responders face today, and while efforts are being made
to prepare for such threats, the sad reality is that first responders
still lack the training and equipment required to handle such large-
scale incidents.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Chief. The Chair recognizes Chief
Rotonda.
STATEMENT OF JOSEPH ROTONDA, CHIEF OF POLICE, TOWNSHIP OF
BELLEVILLE, STATE OF NEW JERSEY
Mr. Rotonda. Good morning, Honorable Chairman, Honorable
Charles Dent, and my Congressman, the Ranking Member of this
committee, Hon. William Pascrell, Jr. Thank you, gentlemen, for
inviting me and giving me the opportunity to appear before this
committee and address the topic at hand.
Let me start off by noting, that with the exception of our
sister state New York and Virginia, no other state has suffered
both the human tragedy and financial loss as New Jersey has,
from the terrorist attacks of September 11th.
In the hours, days and weeks after September 11, New
Jersey's law enforcement community assisted and provided
security to protect important infrastructure. For example,
within the first week, Belleville's Mobile Command Unit was
loaned out to the Secret Service as the Command Post, used to
recover the remains of those who lost their lives on 9/11.
During this initial period and up to the present day, to the
best of our abilities we assess possible terrorist targets, to
the extent we were and are currently able to do. However, with
limited resources we have attempted to be as prepared as we
could be for the type of attack that the Federal Government
warned us about.
However, such measures in the name of homeland security
have not come cheap. They have consumed large amounts of tax
dollars earmarked for other governmental programs and services.
It goes without saying for the record, that has been no small
task. In the near and distant future, the challenges will only
grow, especially in a state like New Jersey, which has the
dubious distinction of having the highest property taxes in the
Nation.
If I may, I would like to describe the Township of
Belleville with respect to this issue, as most other New Jersey
communities we just do not have the local resources to fund all
necessary equipment, manpower and continuing training.
The Township of Belleville, Essex County, is located
directly north of the City of Newark, within ten miles of New
York City. Our population is approximately 36,000 people. Our
police department consists of 113 sworn police officers and 41
civilian employees. Currently, 74 percent of total valuation is
placed on residential property owners.
At close proximity to New York City, and bordering the City
of Newark, both of whom remain likely terrorist targets, has
placed an additional strain on communities such as Belleville.
As the chief law enforcement executive, I have an obligation to
protect the citizens of my Township, as well as ensuring the
safety of officers under my command. I cannot do this without
the assistance of the Federal Government in providing
additional manpower, equipment and training.
The Township has valuable infrastructure targets, major
water lines, the transcontinental gas lines, telephone transfer
stations, a direct highway that leads to lower Manhattan, a
bridge, major medical centers, two mental health facilities,
and a light rail that runs directly into Penn Station in Newark
and then directly to New York City. In 2003, the New Jersey
Office of Counter-Terrorism classified the Belleville
Interconnection as one of the 104 critical infrastructures in
the state. This infrastructure is considered a target of
interest to terrorists. Damage to one of the main aqueducts,
while supplying drinking water to several municipalities in
Northern New Jersey, including the cities of Newark and Jersey
City, two largest cities in the State of New Jersey, and any
level of disruption would have the potential of widespread
destruction, fear and loss of life.
Yet, currently, the security around this facility consists
of an old damaged fence with very poor exterior lighting and no
security monitoring systems. Financially, we cannot afford to
purchase the necessary security systems to address these
concerns. Additionally, we do not have the manpower to station
personnel at this site, again increasing our security concerns.
In early 2003, the Township of Belleville established an
Emergency Response Team. We do not have a very large staff, so
utilizing law enforcement officers in this capacity has its
ramifications. For example, manpower shortages to normal police
operations, and the need and requirement for specialized
training and equipment.
Also in 2003, the Essex County Prosecutor's Office, in
conjunction with the New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and
Preparedness, created the Essex County Rapid Deployment Team.
Currently, several of my officers also serve on this team. Once
again, we face manpower shortages, when our members are
deployed, such as last summer during the London terrorist
attacks, whereby our officers patrolled our light rail system
from Belleville to Penn Station in Newark. We just do not have
the funds allocated to cover overtime, compensation time, and
equipment.
In 2003, the Township of Belleville established a Community
Emergency Response Team, comprised of local citizens who have
received designated training to qualify as members. As CERT
members, they are trained to assist our first responders in the
event of a terrorist attack and/or natural disaster. However,
since its inception, our local officials have not earmarked a
budget to provide for the cost of training, equipment and
necessary resources. To this point, we have maintained our CERT
team through private organizational donations. Yet, without
adequate funding, we cannot offer proper training, equipment
and resources that are truly necessary.
Early in 2003, one year after 9/11, we were fortunate
enough to be able to purchase gas mask canisters to protect our
staff from terrorist attacks involving biological, chemical and
other agents. However, we are now starting to question whether
or not we will have proper funding to purchase new canisters,
gas masks, and/or equipment necessary to maintain properly-
functioning, life-saving equipment.
This equipment requires yearly fit testing, equipment
checks and maintenance records. Yet, I do not have the
resources available to purchase the necessary testing equipment
for all the mandatory OSHA regulations. Even if I had the
resources, without a stockpiling, how much time would it take
us to retrieve them, to address an imminent or emerging crisis.
Gentlemen, I do not have the answers to these questions,
which leads me to my final thoughts, and in conclusion I would
like to note for the record that Belleville has been fortunate
to receive some funding through the State of New Jersey and the
Federal Government. They have truly helped us in our efforts,
but, gentlemen, as I have noted, it is clearly not enough for
us to properly address being prepared and capable of handling
some of the potential emergencies we could face. To make this
work, first responders, emergency personnel, local officials
and citizens understand the needs of their communities better
than anyone. They, most of all, need to be an integral part of
decisions regarding future funding decisions.
Again, I would like to thank Hon. Chairman and his
committee for giving me the opportunity. It has been an honor
and a privilege to serve the community, State and Nation.
Thank you.
[The prepared statement of Mr. Rotonda follows:]
Prepared Statement of Joseph Rotonda
Good morning, Honorable Chairman, David G. Reichert, Honorable
Charles Dent, Honorable Bennie G. Thompson, and my Congressman, the
ranking member of this committee, the Honorable William Pascrell Jr.
Thank you, Gentlemen, for inviting me and giving me the opportunity to
appear before this committee and to address the topic at hand.
("Preparing for, responding to, and preventing terrorist attacks,
natural disasters, and other emergencies: Is Northern New Jersey
Ready?")
Let me start off by noting, that with the exceptions of our sister
state New York and Virginia (Washington, D.C.,) no other state has
suffered both the human tragedy and financial loss as New Jersey, has
from the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
In the hours, days, and weeks after September 11, New Jersey's law
enforcement community assisted and provided security to protect
important infrastructure. For example, within the first week,
Belleville's Mobile Command Unit was loaned out to the Secret Service
as the Command Post, used to recover the remains of those who lost
their lives on 9/11. During this initial period and up to the present
day, to the best of our abilities, we assessed vulnerabilities. To the
extent we were and currently are able, however, with limited resources,
we have attempted to be as prepared as we could be, for the type of
attacks that the federal government warned us about. Clearly, our great
state has been willing to bear more than its fair share, in our war on
terrorism.
However, such measures in the name of homeland security have not
been cheap. They have consumed large amounts of tax dollars, earmarked
for other governmental programs and services. It goes without saying,
for the record, that it has been no small task, in terms of marshalling
the staff, equipment, and other resources needed. In the near and
distant future, the challenges will only grow, especially in a state
like New Jersey, which already has the dubious distinction of having
the highest property taxes in the nation, if local governments do not
get the resources, i.e. funding, equipment and proper training.
If I may, I would like to describe the Township of Belleville with
respect to this issue, as most other New Jersey Communities, we just do
not have the local resources to fund all the necessary equipment,
manpower, and continued training.
The Township of Belleville, Essex County, is located directly north
of the City of Newark, on the western bank of the Passaic River, within
ten miles of New York City. Our population is approximately 36,000 with
a density of approximately 11, 000 people per square mile. Our police
department consists of 113 sworn police officers and 41 civilian
employees. The community is part of the heart of New Jersey's rust
belt. Our township is considered an Urban Aid Community with an
increasing tax burden; currently 74% of total valuation is placed on
the residential property owners, due largely to the migration of
businesses and manufacturing industries from the township.
Our close proximity to New York City and bordering the City of
Newark, both of who remain likely terrorist targets, has placed an
additional strain on communities such as Belleville. As the Chief Law
Enforcement executive, I have an obligation to protect the citizens of
my township as well as insuring the safety of the officers under my
command. I cannot due this without the assistance of the Federal
Government in providing additional manpower, equipment and training.
The township has valuable infrastructure targets, i.e. major water
lines, the transcontinental gas lines, telephone transfer station, a
direct highway that leads into lower Manhattan (Route #7 leads to the
Holland Tunnel,) a bridge, major medical center (Clara Maass Medical
Center,) two mental health facilities used for both educational
purposes and rehabilitory needs for people with cerebral palsy, and a
light rail line that runs directly into Penn Station, Newark, New
Jersey, then to Grand Central Station, New York. NY. With respect to
homeland security issues in 2002, with the passage of the Public Health
Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act, the
Environmental Protection Agency developed baseline threat information,
to use in conjunction with vulnerability assessments pertaining to
contamination threats, such as the release of biological, chemical, and
radiological substances into our water supplies. In 2003, the New
Jersey Office of Counter-Terrorism classified the Belleville
Interconnection, as one of the 104 critical infrastructures in the
state. This infrastructure is considered a target-of-interest to
terrorists. Damage to one of the main aqueducts, which supplies
drinking water to several municipalities in Northern New Jersey,
including the Cities of Newark and Jersey City (the two largest cities
in the State,) and any level of disruption, could have the potential of
widespread destruction, fear and loss of life. Yet, currently, the
security around this facility is an old damaged fence, with very poor
interior/exterior lighting, and no security monitoring systems, i.e.,
C.C. T.V.
Financially, we cannot afford to purchase the necessary security
systems to address these concerns. Additionally, we do not have the
manpower to station personnel at this site, again increasing our
security concerns. As I stated earlier, my community's leaders have
allowed the police/fire/first responders to take measures to address
our homeland security concerns from our perspective and needs. In early
2003, we established an Emergency Response Team. You must, however,
keep in mind we are not a major city such as Newark, Jersey City,
Paterson or Trenton. We do not have a very large staff, so utilizing
law enforcement officers in this capacity has its ramifications, i.e.,
manpower shortages to normal police operations, the need and
requirements for specialized training and equipment such as automatic
weapons. Prior to the creation of this team, our department did not
have a single, automatic weapon or a law enforcement, officer capable
and qualified to use such a weapon. Now, we all know the terrorists
have them, so this is a positive thing, but again, it has become very
costly. Also in 2003, the Essex County Prosecutor's, Office in
conjunction with New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and
Preparedness, created the Essex County Rapid Deployment Team.
Currently, several of my officers also serve on the RDT. Again, I
emphasize, we did so to help do our part in accomplishing the goals and
objectives of this multi-agency effort, to prepare and respond to a
terror attack, natural, or manmade disaster. Once again, we face
manpower shortages, when our members are deployed, such as last summer,
during the London terrorist attacks, whereby our officers patrolled our
light rail system, from Belleville to Penn Station, in Newark N.J.
We just do not have the funds allocated to cover overtime,
compensation time and equipment needs. Additionally, in October of
2003, in an attempt to encourage community/citizen involvement in our
efforts to prepare for, respond to, and prevent terrorist attacks and
natural disasters, we instituted the Community Emergency Response Team,
comprised of local citizens, who have received designated training to
qualify as members. As C.E.R.T. members, they are trained to assist our
first responders in the event of a terrorist attack and/or a natural
disaster; however, since its inception, our local officials have not
earmarked a budget to provide for the costs of training, equipment, and
necessary resources, To this point, we have maintained our C.E.R.T.,
through private organization donations, (citizens willing to donate
their time and money to purchase some of the necessary equipment.)
Again, this highlights the fact that we have attempted to take the
proper steps to prepare not only our first responders but also our
citizens. Yet, without adequate funding, we cannot offer proper
training, equipment and resources that truly are necessary.
Lastly, in early 2003, over one year after 9/11, we were fortunate
enough to purchase Dragger Gas Masks/Canisters to protect our staff
from a terrorist attacks involving biological, chemical, and other
agents; however, we are now starting to question whether or not we will
have proper funding to purchase new canisters, gas masks and/or
equipment necessary to maintain properly functioning life saving
equipment. Currently, I have to serve two masters as an employer: OSHA
Worker Health Safety Rules/guidelines, which require yearly fit
testing, equipment checks, and maintenance records. Yet, I do not have
the resources available to purchase the necessary testing equipment for
these mandatory OSHA Regulations. Thus, it is issues such as this, that
leave one wondering in a hypothetical situation, what happens if we
were to have a terrorist attack, which involved bio- hazardous
materials and numerous members of our personnel responded and are then
required to relinquish their equipment for HAZ-MAT decontamination. We
currently do not have enough resources to replenish these vitally
necessary life saving equipment. Even if we had the resources, without
a stockpile, how much time would it take us to retrieve them, to
address an eminent and/or emerging crisis situations? Gentlemen, I do
not have the answers to these questions, which leads me to my final
thoughts.
This is clearly only part of addressing our homeland security
target-hardening agenda but are we really addressing the problem? I
wonder what the public would think, if they knew. Would they accept
this? This in turn, leads me to my next observation. It appears to me,
that the public perception is our federal government since, 2001, has
become complacent, which has helped to increase the fears of both the
public and America's First Preventers.
In conclusion, I would like to note, for the record, that
Belleville has been fortunate to receive grants through the state of
New Jersey and the federal government. They have truly helped in our
efforts: but, Gentleman, as I have noted, it clearly is not enough for
us to properly address being prepared and capable of handling some of
the potential emergencies we could face. To make this work, first
responders, emergency personnel, local officials, and citizens
understand the needs of their communities better than anyone. They,
most of all, need to be an integral part of decisions, regarding future
funding decisions.
Again, I would like to thank the honorable chairman, Reichert and
his committee for giving me this opportunity. It has been an honor and
a privilege to serve this community, state and nation.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Chief. The Chair recognizes Mr.
Canas.
STATEMENT OF RICHARD CANAS, DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF HOMELAND
SECURITY AND PREPAREDNESS, STATE OF NEW JERSEY
Mr. Canas. Thank you very much, Chairman Reichert,
Congressman Dent and Congressman Pascrell. I appreciate the
opportunity to address your Subcommittee on Emergency
Preparedness, Science and Technology.
This morning, I want to outline the responsibilities of my
new office and provide you with my own perspective on Northern
New Jersey's preparedness for the various risks we face.
Before I begin, I want to set a context for your
expectations. I have been at my job in New Jersey for a little
less than three months, and there still are large areas of New
Jersey's culture, history, politics and law that I am still
absorbing. If I cannot answer your questions today, I will get
back to you with responses as soon as I can.
Just about three months ago, here in New Jersey, Governor
Corzine signed Executive Order 5, creating the New Jersey
Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness as a Cabinet-level
position. According to the Executive Order, our responsibility
is ``to administer, coordinate, lead, supervise New Jersey's
counter-terrorism and preparedness efforts.''
We are charged with coordinating emergency response efforts
across all levels of government, law enforcement, emergency
management, non-profit organizations, other jurisdictions, and
the private sector, to protect the people of New Jersey.
The Executive Order also requires that we function as the
Governor's clearinghouse for all legislation, both state and
Federal, related to counter-terrorism and preparedness issues.
I come here today believing we will also build a strong
relationship with you, our Representatives in Congress, just as
we are developing a strong working relationship with the state
legislature.
My job is to bring all of New Jersey's homeland security
efforts into a coordinated and unified whole. While doing this,
I am focusing on three watch words, inclusiveness,
regionalization and transparency. Inclusiveness means that all
relevant agencies, state, Federal, local and private sector,
must have a seat at the table.
Regionalization refers to concerns that overlap between
municipalities and counties, even between New Jersey and our
neighboring states.
As you know, our Urban Area Security Initiative, or UASI,
region already follows that regional approach. The funding
allotted to Newark and Jersey City does not just pay for
initiatives in those cities. Instead, it is shared among those
counties and the six surrounding counties--those cities and the
six surrounding counties. It is invested with the awareness
that a regional boundary crossing approach is the best way to
protect northeastern New Jersey.
The Federal Government's revised strategy for 2006 appears
to validate the cooperative regional approach that New Jersey
has been following.
My third watch word is transparency. It means simply enough
that the people of New Jersey and you, our Federal partners,
must be able to understand what my office does. Our actions
must be totally open, explainable to the average person, and
understood by everyone, in short, making us the single-stop
shopping and honest broker for homeland security in the state.
We work closely with the Office of Emergency Management,
which is still directed by Colonel Rick Fuentes and still falls
under the New Jersey State Police. In that regard, the role of
my office, in short, is to make sure the OEM office of New
Jersey does its job properly and has the appropriate resources
it needs.
Since I took office, we have been involved in a number of
key issues, including hurricane preparedness, pandemic, flu
preparedness, interoperability, continuity of operations, and
continuity of government, and, of course, our Federal Grants
Program. The grant programs, in particular, are an issue I
would like to discuss with this committee in greater detail.
As you are well aware, my office is preparing to distribute
Federal homeland security grants throughout New Jersey. Our
Federal partners have given us good news and bad news this
year. We are receiving a large share of a smaller pie. Funds
for our UASI region, covering Jersey City, Newark and the
counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic and Union,
is up approximately 77 percent from the year before, to $34.4
million. Last Friday, I met with the UASI Steering Committee to
discuss our spending plans.
Mr. Chairman, I am prepared to discuss in more detail some
of the programs within the northern region at this time, or
offer it as an addendum for the sake of brevity.
But, New Jersey's preparedness needs are not limited to the
UASI region. They cover our entire state, and this year we will
only receive $17.7 million in homeland security grant funds to
be distributed statewide. This is a decrease of more than 52
percent from the year before.
I am aware that New Jersey's homeland security needs will
always exceed the availability of funds, but it is very
disappointing that the entire pot of Federal funding to the
state shrank by almost 30 percent this year.
I certainly do not believe we are less at risk today than
before 9/11. It has been our increased vigilance and
preparedness that has made us safer against this national
threat, not because the enemy has stopped planning against us.
This is the wrong time to reduce homeland security funds. I
plan to work with you to reverse this Federal trend.
Now, this hearing has been called to discuss the extent to
which Northern Jersey is prepared for a catastrophe. As a
newcomer, I am still learning, but I'm also able to see
objectively and with an outsider's perspective. Since taking
office, I have worked extensively with OEM and the State and
the Federal enforcement and intelligence community. I must say
that in all my years in government I have not seen the level of
information sharing that we are experiencing today. This is a
tremendous positive.
However, there are some gaps in our response capabilities
and the areas that still need improvement. Several of these
areas have to do with the difficulty in evacuating large
numbers of residents, identifying adequate emergency
sheltering, and the exact location of special needs people, but
we are working with the county OEMs to address these issues.
It is my belief that New Jersey's emergency responders in
the northern part of the state have made unprecedented regional
use of Federal funding, and as a result are well prepared to
handle virtually any crisis.
In closing, let me say that in creating the new Office of
Homeland Security and Preparedness, and asking me to head it,
Governor Corzine has given me the opportunity to make a
difference in the lives of New Jersey's almost 9 million
citizens. I relish the opportunity, and pledge to work with
your Subcommittee towards ensuring that all our goals are met.
Thank you.
[The prepared statement of Mr. Canas follows:]
Prepared Statement of Richard Canas
Thank you very much Chairman Reichert, Congressman Dent and
Congressman Pascrell and members of the Subcommittee on Emergency
Preparedness, Science and Technology.
This morning I want to outline the responsibilities of my new
office and provide you with my own perspective on northern New Jersey's
preparedness for the various risks we face.
Before I begin, I want to set a context for your expectations. I
have been at my job in New Jersey for a little less than three months
and there are still large areas of New Jersey culture, history,
politics and law that I am still absorbing. So, I ask for your
patience.
If I cannot answer your questions today, I will get back to you
with responses as soon as possible.
As you know, Governor Corzine signed Executive Order #5 in March,
creating the New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness as
a cabinet-level agency.According to the Executive Order, our
responsibility is "to administer, coordinate, lead and supervise New
Jersey's counter-terrorism and preparedness efforts."
We are charged with coordinating "emergency response efforts across
all levels of government, law enforcement, emergency management,
nonprofit organizations, other jurisdictions and the private sector, to
protect the people of New Jersey."
The Executive Order also requires that we function as the
Governor's clearinghouse for all legislation--both state and federal--
related to counter-terrorism and preparedness issues.
I come here today believing we will also build a strong
relationship with you, our representatives in Congress . just as we are
developing a strong working relationship with the State Legislature.
For example, Assemblywoman Joan M. Quigley, chairwoman of the
Homeland Security and State Preparedness Committee--joined me on a tour
of one of this region's critical infrastructure sites--a chemical
manufacturing facility in her district.
And I have met Assemblyman Frederick Scalera, the committee's vice
chair . on several occasions, drawing on his role as a Legislator and
as a Deputy Fire Chief who plays a key role in our Urban Area Security
Initiative--or UASI--region.
You should know that my door is always open. I invite you to
contact me directly or through my office's Legislative Liaison, Nick
DiRocco. Nick will be spearheading our review of legislation, and
helping us make the appropriate recommendations to the Governor.
My job, then, is to bring all of New Jersey's homeland security
efforts, at all levels, into a coordinated and unified whole.
While doing this I am focusing on three watchwords: Inclusiveness,
Regionalization and Transparency.
"Inclusiveness" means that all relevant agencies--state, federal,
local and private sector, must have a seat at the table.
"Regionalization" refers to concerns that overlap between
municipalities and counties,even between New Jersey and our neighboring
states.
As you know, our UASI region already follows that regional
approach.
The funding allotted to Newark or Jersey City does not just pay for
initiatives in those cities . instead it is shared among those cities
and the six surrounding counties. It is invested with the awareness
that a regional, boundary-crossing approach is the best way to protect
Northeastern New Jersey.
The Federal Government's revised strategy for 2006 appears to
validate the cooperative, regional approach that New Jersey had been
following.
My third watchword, "transparency" means--simply enough--that the
people of New Jersey and you, our federal partners, must be able to
understand what my office does. Our actions must be totally open,
explainable to the average person and understood by everyone - in
short, the single-stop shopping and honest broker for homeland security
in the state.
To serve these needs . our office has a Division of Operations and
a Division of Preparedness. Our Deputy Director for Operations, Mr.
John Paige, will join us during the first part of July. Mr. Paige is a
veteran FBI Special Agent and counterterrorism expert from Northern New
Jersey. I will shortly be naming the Deputy Director for the
Preparedness Division.
We work closely with the State Office of Emergency Management--
which is still directed by Colonel Rick Fuentes, and still falls under
the New Jersey State Police.
In that regard, the role of my office--in short--is to make sure
NJOEM does its job properly, and has the appropriate resources it
needs.
That coordination and leadership role is similar to what the
Office's response would be to any emergency--a flu pandemic, for
example.
In that case, the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior
Services, under Commissioner Fred Jacobs, would lead the state's
response to the human health issues.
And the New Jersey Department of Agriculture, under Secretary
Charles Kuperus, would lead the response to animal health issues.
My job is to make sure that all state agencies are working together
correctly during such emergencies.
Since I took office we have been involved in a number of key
issues--including hurricane preparedness, pandemic flu preparedness--
interoperability . COOP and COG, or Continuity of Operations and
Continuity of Government . and of course our federal grant programs.
The grant programs, in particular, are an issue I would like to discuss
with this committee in greater detail.
As you are well aware, my office is preparing to distribute federal
homeland security grants throughout New Jersey.
Our federal partners have given us good news and bad news this
year: We are receiving a large share of a smaller pie.
Funds for our UASI region, covering Jersey City, Newark and the
counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic and Union, is up
approximately 77 percent from the year before, to $34.4 million
dollars. Last Friday I met with the UASI steering committee to discuss
our spending plans.
But New Jersey's preparedness needs are not limited to the UASI
region--they cover our entire state. And this year we will only receive
$17.7 million in homeland security grant funds to be distributed
statewide. This is a decrease of more than 52 percent from the year
before.
I am aware that New Jersey's homeland security needs will always
exceed the availability of funds . but it is very disappointing that
the entire pot of federal funding to the states shrank by almost 30
percent this year.
I certainly do not believe we are less at risk today than before 9-
11. It has been our increased vigilance and preparedness that has made
us safer against this national threat, not because the enemy has
stopped planning against us. This is the wrong time to reduce homeland
security funds. I plan to work with you to reverse this federal trend.
Now--this hearing has been called to discuss the extent to which
Northern New Jersey is prepared for a catastrophe.
As a newcomer I am still learning--but I am also able to see
objectively, and with an outside perspective.
Since taking office I have worked extensively with NJOEM and the
state and federal enforcement and intelligence community. I must say
that in all my years in government, I have not seen the level of
information sharing that we are experiencing today. There are some gaps
in our response capabilities and areas that need improvement.
Several of these areas have to do with the difficulty in evacuating
large numbers of residents, identifying adequate emergency sheltering
and the exact location of special needs people, but we are working with
the county OEMs to address these issues.
It is my belief that New Jersey's emergency responders in the
northern part of New Jersey have made unprecedented regional use of
federal funding and as a result are well prepared to handle virtually
any crisis.
In closing, let me say that in creating the new Office of Homeland
Security and Preparedness and asking me to head it, Governor Corzine
has given me the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of New
Jersey=s almost nine million citizens.
I relish the opportunity and pledge to work with your subcommittee
towards insuring that all our goals are met. Thank you.
Mr. Reichert.
Well, thank all the witnesses for their testimony. This is
an impressive group. I have had the opportunity to work with
sheriffs, and police chiefs, and emergency managers across the
Nation when I was a Sheriff in King County in Seattle, and it's
great to see a couple sheriffs, and police chiefs, and fire
chief here, and Emergency Management Director, all with us
today. All of your testimony is--we were taking notes, and I
always, as a police officer, a detective, and a sheriff, I
always remember the Federal Government, you know, wanting to
help. I mean, they came to us and said, we are from the Federal
Government and we are here to help.
I've only been in Congress 18 months, and now I find myself
on the other side of that saying, we are from the Federal
Government, and we are here to help, and Bill, and Charlie and
I, my two partners up here today, are still--we do want to
help, we are trying to figure out what the role is. We know the
job happens in your communities, in your local communities, the
cop on the beat, the firefighter, he or she, and their fire
trucks are out there protecting our communities every day, and
what I hear you say today are words that we've heard over and
over again as we've held hearings.
And, I just want to list off a few of those, and I've heard
over my whole career as a law enforcement officer in the
Seattle area, equipment, training, funding, and now personnel
is the big deal. I mean, we all talk about the cops office
getting cut, and now some of the emergency training for
firefighters are laid on the table and we're fighting to keep
those fundings. The Federal Government is always reaching out
and saying, we want your help, we need your help, we want you
to be there, you are a part of the team, help us protect this
country, protect our community, keep our citizens safe, but on
the other hand we are taking money away from the local people
in order to get that job done, and it's wrong.
The biggest thing I see out here too is the relationships,
and the Sheriff mentioned that in this area of the country the
turf wars don't seem to be a problem, and that's great to hear.
We still battle with that back in the Seattle area.
One of the things I want to focus on in my line of
questioning to begin with is interoperability. When I held my
first hearing as the Subcommittee Chairman a few months ago, I
remember someone from the Federal Government who was testifying
saying, ``Mr. Chairman, we've been struggling with the issue of
interoperability for ten years, trying to find a way, something
to do,'' and Bill was there.
And, I said, ``Interoperability has not been a problem for
ten years, it's been a problem since 1972 when I became a cop,
I can remember trying to get my radio to work and wrestling
with the man that had a knife that was trying to stab me and I
couldn't get help.'' So, interoperability and the ability to
communicate is something that first responders have been
dealing with and struggling with for a long, long time, and
it's time we do something about it, and we are doing something
about it. We have some legislation.
But, I want to ask--but, I hope it will spur this movement
to get somebody motivated in the Department of Homeland
Security, and someone held accountable, to get the issue of
operability and interoperability on its way to a resolution.
But, I just have a couple of questions for anyone on the
panel, since it applies to all of you. Has your county
conducted or participated in a statewide baseline study of your
state's interoperable communications? Anybody who wants to--has
there been a study of what exists today?
Mr. Speziale. Mr. Chairman, let me first let you know this
will be one Sheriff that won't be going to Congress, that's for
sure. I wish you well.
Mr. Reichert. Don't ever say never.
Mr. Speziale. I don't know why you did that.
As far as our state goes with interoperability, it becomes
a situation where at least in this county there is a two-prong
situation. We have to worry about operability, as you heard
from Chief Postorino, and we also have to worry about
interoperability. The situation as we have right now, as far as
operability goes, we have so many aspects of voice over IP,
there's so many different aspects that we could really
investigate and deal with, satellite transmission, God forbid
we lose power, or there's certain aspects of radio systems that
are out there, we don't have that here. We have a situation
where interoperability is not something that I can talk to the
Paterson Fire Department, although we have a coordinated team
effort here in Passaic County, where we all work together very
closely.
Mr. Reichert. Right.
Mr. Speziale. We cannot communicate together.
The best we can do is on our cell phones. We have satellite
phones, should we have to talk, but that's me, the Prosecutor,
and possibly each of the Chiefs.
Mr. Reichert. Do you have 800 megahertz?
Mr. Speziale. We have 800 megahertz, but we do not have a
truncated system.
Mr. Reichert. OK.
Mr. Speziale. And, here's what I'm faced with. Last--two
weeks ago, I was in a situation where in the middle of the
night one of our repeaters went down. We were unable to have
our patrol cars communicate with our dispatch center, our
emergency 911 center, from outside the vehicle. They could
communicate on a low-band radio, which we had as a back-up
system, an old antiquated system, and I had to, in the middle
of the night at 4:00 in the morning, get my partner from Essex
County to send me a part for the repeater so that somebody
could climb the tower and just get us up in a band-aid
approach. That was just on an every-day situation. Imagine if
we were in a disastrous situation what we would have been faced
with if I couldn't get Armando to get me the piece to get up in
the tower and get us back communicating.
Mr. Reichert. We have the same problem in the east side of
our county, King County, our deputies have to carry two cell
phones, plus their radio, in case they run out of coverage.
Mr. Speziale. And, I don't think that the world realizes
that we all talk about having those cell phones on us, but I'm
a former--I'm retired from the New York City Police Department,
I was there for the `93 bombing, I was there for the World
Trade Center disaster, the cell phone towers went down, the
telephone lines went down. We were unable to communicate
period. We had no way. There was confusion. We had to talk face
to face, that was the only way we were able to communicate.
We have to come up with a system with today's world, with
like I said, voice over IP. All the things that we have
available to us with satellite communications, we have to come
up with a new system that all of us in this field, and in this
arena, can communicate, because there's going to come a time
that it's just a matter of when, and these aren't going to cut
it.
Mr. Reichert. Right.
Sheriff, do you want to respond, and then we'll go to Mr.
Pascrell.
Mr. Fontoura. We are probably making a little more progress
in the interoperability area than Passaic has. We have, in
conjunction with the Department of Homeland Security, State
Police and the Attorney General, we have been able to work--the
interoperability person that is handling it for them happens to
be working us, which is Lieutenant Maley, also happens to be
the FCC Commissioner for the entire East Coast, which is a nice
thing to have in your office, as you know.
Mr. Reichert.
Mr. Fontoura. But, we've done well, we are able now, we
started the first part of that program, where the Jersey City
Fire Department, Newark Fire Department, our Department, Newark
Police Department, we are able to communicate with one another,
and, hopefully, we are going to bring that sort of the
beginning, if you will, we are going to bring that to the rest
of the state and work it in conjunction with the Department of
Homeland Security more--additional funding, we need an awful
lot of additional funding, but we are making some progress.
That is a priority for us, priority for the state, it's a
priority for the rest of us, and we intend to continue and make
some progress in the interoperable because it's very crucial
for all of us, obviously.
Mr. Reichert. I have other questions in this area, but I'll
reserve those now and recognize Mr. Pascrell for his questions.
Mr. Pascrell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
The question of interoperability, as the Chairman pointed
out, has been at the center of a lot of discussion in the
Congress of the United States, and I'm glad that--I think it
was you, Chief Postorino, that mentioned the importance and
significance of getting the cooperation from the FCC. We had
them before us in Committee. They have ignored this, forget
about, you know, what happened before 9/11 is an indication of
their being deaf to the entire situation. You know, this is
serious business, spectrum, broad spectrum.
These local--I mean, you heard the Chief talk about
limousine service cutting in on your communication, I mean,
this is ordinary communication. When you start to talk about
interoperability between the agencies, we have a major problem
throughout the United States of America, and we are imploring
the FCC to come forward and help us in that regard.
I know it's important as to what four letter words are out
on the TV and the radio, that's critical, this is more
critical. This defense is going to determine life and death.
This is going to determine life and death.
Mr. Canas, you just got your job, and I want you to tell
the audience here, and the other Congressmen, just one
sentence, give us a brief background of where you came from.
Mr. Canas. Thirty-four years of law enforcement at the
Federal and local level, as well as intelligence, four years at
the White House as Director of Counter-Terrorism and Counter-
Narcotics, a year as Special Assistant to the CIA, and two
years as Director of the National Drug Intelligence Center,
that's what got me here.
Mr. Pascrell. So, you bring a wealth of experience to this
particular position, and we are very fortunate that the
Governor made that decision to bring you to New Jersey. We are
looking with excitement to the future.
But, you said something very interesting in your testimony
about the issue of transparency, and the question, you want
homeland security in New Jersey to be a transparent operation
for the public, so that the public understands what's going on
for most part.
How important do you think that is?
Mr. Canas. I think it's critical. I think that recently I
toured the southern states in preparation for a hurricane, and
I found glaring apathy among the public. I think it's critical
that in a congested area as the northern part of New Jersey is,
with the multitude of languages that are out there, and
cultures that are out there, that our policies and our
procedures are clear to the public.
I think that during an evacuation, for example, which is
something that we'll probably face during any calamity,
communications with that public, and I've always equated public
service with public trust, and that means if you have to get
these citizens to trust you, and be clear as to what the
procedures are.
Mr. Pascrell. Well, you know, we are living in a very
peculiar time in Washington, and that is the subject of debate
many times has been transparency. Members of the Congress don't
know what's going on half the time, and the question is, what
do we want the public to know and what does the public have a
right to know. I think that the public has a right to know a
lot more than we provide them, and a lot is being protected
under the guise of secrecy and classified information, that's a
lot of bologna. We read about it in News Week magazine, after
coming from, you know, a classified meeting many times. Is this
what you are talking about?
Mr. Canas. That's part of it, Congressman. You know, prior
to joining the state team, I was in the private sector for a
long time working on public information, the synthesis of
public information, and you are absolutely correct, some people
claim that 99 percent of the information that we need to know
to do our job is out there in open source, and that means it's
available, readily available, to the public, it just needs to
be credible, and it's for us to stamp it with a Good
Housekeeping Seal of Approval that this is credible information
that the public should know.
Mr. Pascrell. Chief Rotonda, what do you think is the
proper role of the Federal Government in dealing in terms of
responsibilities, overall responsibilities, with protecting the
public, in your estimation?
Mr. Rotonda. I'd like to take it from a municipal point of
view.
Mr. Pascrell. Put the microphone closer to you, please.
Mr. Rotonda. I'm sorry.
Mr. Pascrell. Thank you.
Mr. Rotonda. The role--I feel the role of the Federal
Government in protecting the public, I feel that the public
feels let down right now with the first responders, or I just
feel that they really don't know everything that's going on,
and I feel we have to at some point let the public know.
Funding that is available, are we capable of doing the job?
I don't think they really know, the public really knows exactly
what the Federal Government is doing, and what we are even
doing on a municipal level. I think they feel more secure than
they really should be.
Mr. Pascrell. We'll have a second round, I guess, right,
Mr. Chairman?
Mr. Reichert. Yes.
Mr. Pascrell. Second round of questions.
We have, just in conclusion for this first round, when you
look at the infrastructure of the State of New Jersey, when you
look at the transit system in the northeast, and you look at
the Turnpike, or the Amtrak, or Ports of Elizabeth and Newark,
the critical utility infrastructure, 21 percent of the fuel
consumed nationally comes through that area that we referred to
before, the area down in Linden, that process. It processes
over 40 percent of the jet fuel used in commercial airports.
The fallout from a terrorist attack would be unbelievable.
When you look at the petroleum industry in the State of New
Jersey, you are talking about heavy duty, critical industries.
When you are dealing with the chemical, as I said before, or
the pharmaceutical industry, there's 70,000 people working in
the pharmaceutical industry in the State of New Jersey. There's
a major portion of our infrastructure, and I have one question
to each and every one of you.
I mentioned seven areas, just yes or no, are we prepared
right today to protect those seven areas?
Mr. Canas, yes or no?
Mr. Canas. Yes.
Mr. Pascrell. Mr. Rotonda?
Mr. Rotonda. No.
Mr. Pascrell. Chief Rotonda?
Mr. Rotonda. No.
Mr. Pascrell. Chief?
Mr. Rotonda. No.
Mr. Pascrell. Chief Postorino?
Mr. Postorino.. No.
Mr. Pascrell. Sheriff Fontoura?
Mr. Fontoura. Somewhat, but not exactly. If Roger Clemens
could throw a grenade from the Pulaski Skyway and hit a major
area that would create a lot of problems for all of us.
Mr. Pascrell. There's a future Congressman.
Mr. Reichert. There' a future Congressman, if I ever heard
one.
Mr. Pascrell. Sheriff Speziale.
Mr. Speziale. I agree with Armando. We are not there yet.
Mr. Pascrell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Mr. Pascrell.
The Chair recognizes Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and Chief Rotonda, you
mentioned that New Jersey has the highest property taxes in the
Nation, and, in fact, just the other day, we have many New
Jersey residents, former New Jersey residents, who now live in
Pennsylvania, and we're the fastest growing region in the
State, and my friend said to me from New Jersey that his
property taxes in Pennsylvania were as high as they were in New
Jersey.
Looking at his mansion, I said, yes, but your house is now
three times as large. I had to get that off my chest.
First, Mr. Canas, how large is your office? In
Pennsylvania, our Homeland Security office is quite small, just
a handful of people. How many people do you have working in
your office?
Mr. Canas. I think after this budget, if we get one
through, it should be a little under 100.
Mr. Dent. OK, that's considerably larger than Pennsylvania,
I mean, much, much larger.
Who administers your counter-terrorism funding? Do you
handle it, or does your State Office of Emergency Management
process those homeland security grants and terrorism
preparedness grants that come down?
Mr. Canas. The Federal grant program is administered by my
office. I distribute it, I oversee it, and I coordinate with
the counties their grant programs.
Mr. Dent. OK.
In my state, and in many states, I'm not as familiar with
New Jersey, but last time I checked around 80 percent of the
Federal terrorism preparedness grants that had been
appropriated over the last three or four years had not been
drawn down. Some of the monies may have been obligated or
allocated, but they had not been drawn down by the states.
What's the status in New Jersey?
Mr. Canas. I don't know, Congressman, I'll have to get back
to you with the exact numbers. I do know that the majority of
it has been obligated, and for the most part has been drawn
down.
Mr. Dent. Nationally, about one third of those terrorism
preparedness grants, that would be the UASI fund, the state
homeland security grants, and law enforcement grants, those
dollars, I'm told about a third of those grants that had been
drawn down by the states have been spent on interoperability.
Is that about where you are in New Jersey, are you using--where
are you spending most of that money today?
Mr. Canas. Again, my guess, because I'm new to the process,
probably Sheriff Fontoura could answer that, but in the UASI
regions my understanding is that a major chunk of that money
has gone to the interoperability problem.
I don't know if you have a comment on that.
Mr. Dent. Nationally, it's supposed to be about a third of
the monies that have been spent.
Mr. Fontoura. That's probably about accurate, somewhere
between 25 and 40 percent.
Mr. Dent. And, perhaps, one of the----
Mr. Fontoura. I might also add that every penny that we
have gotten from Essex County, through the graces of your
committee and Congressman Pascrell, we spend our money. When we
get it figured out, Chief Rotonda gets his share, and we make
sure everybody gets their share, but there's nothing in the
bank, I can assure you. Whatever we get we spent, we spent it
well, on behalf of the public of this county.
Mr. Dent. And, with respect to interoperability, and one of
the sheriffs or chiefs might be able to answer this, in
Pennsylvania I have the northeast Pennsylvania Counter-
Terrorism Task Force in my region, several counties, and we
talk about these issues of interoperability. And, one thing
that keeps coming up is that it's hard for us to get as
interoperable as we'd like for topographical reasons,
geographic reasons, if some counties have lots of mountains
and, of course, their systems won't function as well as some of
the folks down in the urban areas. Do you have those same types
of issues here in Jersey?
Mr. Fontoura. Yes, we do, particularly, here.
Mr. Speziale. We have a--I was a chief in Bucks County
after I retired from New York City, so I understand the
complexity of Pennsylvania as well, but we have a situation
here in New Jersey where we are on all different bands, from
low band, to VHF, to UHF, to 800 megahertz, because of the
terrain. That's why I say we have to come up with a truncated
system so that we can all talk and communicate together. That's
what really needs to be developed, and with the technology
that's out there, Congressman, I mean there's just so much new
technology out there, that we can communicate with someone on
the moon, but I can't talk to the fire chief down around the
corner.
Mr. Dent. One thing, too, and I should probably go back to
Mr. Canas, it was pointed in your testimony that the UASI
funding this year, this Newark, New Jersey Metropolitan Area
received a significant increase in UASI. What do you attribute
that increase to? AS you know, our friends across the Hudson
River received a significant reduction in New York, what do you
think, what was it about your proposals that led to this
increase?
Mr. Canas. My guess, Congressman, and I say it's a guess
because we don't have all the information from the peer review
process, we are still waiting for that, but our early analysis
indicates that the majority of the emphasis is because of the
high risk area that Northern New Jersey reflects. We are locked
at the hip with New York.
Mr. Dent. Right.
Mr. Canas. We are a threat to New York City, and the high
density of population, I'm sure that was factored in, the high
number of chemical plants. So, I would say risk, number one,
but I also need to point out that they have done an admirable
job in the process. They reflect less than 1 percent in
salaries and overtime in their grant submissions, that means
their sustainability is very credible. Their ability to merge
their grant submissions into ongoing state programs, which gets
high marks also with DHS, is another reason that they did a
total turnaround from last year's numbers to this year's. I
think they've done a very credible job in the UASI region. I
wish I could say the same for the rest of the state, but for
the UASI, certainly in the northern part, I think a lot of the
credit goes to the administration of the UASI grant program.
Mr. Dent. Thank you, I'll yield back.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Mr. Dent.
I just have a follow-up question on the concept of the
Federal Government's role. Most say, the vast majority of first
responders agree that they don't want the Federal Government to
come in and take over a disaster response scene, but was it--it
would just be interesting to hear, we know it has to be a
partnership, Federal Government and, you know, we always hear
this thing from the Federal, especially FBI or U.S. Attorneys,
you know, they always come in and say, this has to be a
Federal, state and local partnership, but I'm not sure they
really understand it.
And, I just am curious to know from the panel's point of
view, what's the appropriate role of the Federal Government
when it comes to training, and planning, and interoperability,
is it setting standards? We know that funding has a lot to do
with helping you, but what's the role the Federal Government
can really play to help you?
Mr. Fontoura. Well, I think that the Federal Government has
a very critical role, and here, speaking just for our area, we
have a Joint Terrorism Task Force that we work with our
Department of Homeland Security, and it was a little shaky
before Mr. Canas came on board from that perspective, but it's
been good with our local folks, you know.
The FBI here in our state works well with us, the U.S.
Attorneys Office, you mentioned turf wars back in your area,
perhaps, you are still a little bit stuck in that. You know,
we've come to the realization that we are all in the same army,
fighting the same war, so the turf wars, if they existed once
when I was with the New York City Police Department, yes, I
experienced turf wars with the feds and everyone else.
Mr. Reichert. Yes.
Mr. Fontoura. They are no longer here in this area, I don't
believe we have turf wars. I think when we all come to the
table, we all come to the table prepared to do the best that we
fan on behalf of our citizens, and the Federal Government has a
role to play. Obviously, the information that they develop,
which is very critical for us to have, you know, they are
always very reluctant to let go of it, I think now it's
important that they understand that we know when they know. So,
I think by and large we are getting the information as quickly
as we possibly can, so from that respect I think working
together is very critical and very crucial.
I believe here the Federal Government understands that, and
we've been doing that, and I expect it's going to continue to
even a greater degree now with Mr. Canas and his philosophy.
Mr. Reichert. What about a national clearinghouse for this
technology? There's 800-900 vendors out there we know that have
some sort of a solution, a piece of the solution to
interoperability and operability, some standard that may be set
by Congress across the country for interoperability, not to say
that any one jurisdiction has to have a particular plan,
because they all have to be different for every neighborhood
and community, we recognize that, but a clearinghouse to help
police agencies, fire agencies, emergency managers, weed
through some of this technology that's out there.
Mr. Speziale. Myself and Sheriff Fontoura were at the
Homeland Security Summit that was handled by Senator Clinton. I
don't think there's an emergency management manager here in
this audience that does not have a plan. The problem is, we
need someone to make Washington understand how serious this is
country-wide, whether it be a communication tsar, whether it be
one individual, or whether it be a collective team, we need
interoperability, somebody needs to realize that we have to get
the vendors and the players all together in one room to get
this problem resolved.
Mr. Reichert. Mr. Pascrell.
Mr. Pascrell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Sheriff Fontoura, you mentioned an evacuation plan, this is
important, this is critical. You heard the gentleman from
Pennsylvania mention it also, because, you know, in our area it
would be go west, go west.
Are we prepared, God forbid, if there's a major attack, or
if there's a major natural catastrophe in New York, are we
prepared to handle those folks that would come across and
through the tunnels and bridges?
Mr. Fontoura. To a limited degree, yes, but I think that as
I mentioned during my testimony, I think if it becomes a real
serious problem where hundreds of thousands of people are
coming across, no, we are not prepared. There's not enough
sheltering, there's not enough, you know, we've marked our
escape routes, as all of you know, and people always ask me, I
see you have evacuation, but where is it going, where it is
going? I said, well, part of that plan is, I tell people, I
remind people that there will be an officer or a CERT,
Community Emergency Response Team member, to tell you where you
are going to go, because we really don't know. We don't know
what type of emergency it's going to be, it may be a school
auditorium in Livingston, it may be in the Meadow Lands Arena,
we don't know, but there will be people--you just follow the
signs and at some point you will see an officer if the plan
goes according to the way we've drawn it up, you should see a
police officer, firefighter, or a CERT member, to direct you
which way you should be going.
Do we have enough? No. On a limited basis.
Mr. Pascrell. Mr. Chairman, excuse me, we really didn't
focus on the problem of evacuation, until we saw what was being
done and what was happening in New Orleans, and with Hurricane
Rita in the Houston area, the Galveston area, a very serious
problem of turning all roads one way so people could get out of
there, nothing like we have down on our own shores when there's
a major storm approaching.
The other thing you said, Sheriff Fontoura, was about the
business community stepping up to the plate. We are going to
have someone on the second panel that is going to tell the
audience and members of the Congress what the business
community in Jersey is doing in partnership with the state and
Federal Governments and local governments, to provide security
for the very infrastructure that exists in our state. And, I
hope you'll be able to stay for that.
Sheriff Speziale, I'm very interested, as you well know, in
intelligence gathering, and I'm very disappointed, not with our
intelligence community, but in the fact that it has been warped
by Federal policy. Is intelligence gathering, disseminating
intelligence, a Federal responsibility, or should state and
local governments play a larger role in that gathering of
intelligence?
Mr. Speziale. Well, I think, Congressman, it goes back to
that we all have--we all have one common goal, to protect our
citizens, and as Armando said, it may come from the hood of a
patrol car, it may come from the informant in the jail, it may
come from the Federal intelligence agency that provides the
information. I think that we all have to collectively work as a
team to make sure that we share in intelligence. It can't be a
one-way street, it cannot just be one agency, we have to work
collectively as a team to make sure that information is
disseminated.
I am fortunate, because I still consult for the Department
of Justice in regards to wire tap investigations, so I have
that top secret clearance.
Mr. Pascrell. Right.
Mr. Speziale. However, there are other chiefs throughout
the communities that don't get that top secret clearance, and
there is a problem with that information sharing because as you
know there are certain sensitivities in that information that
can't go to certain levels of secret and top secret, and
there's areas that can't be shared, but we have to share this
among everybody.
Mr. Pascrell. The basis of my question was, what is
happening in London, not only since the subway bombing, but
before that, there is a very different system that exists in
the United States of America, in London those foot patrol are a
very key part of the intelligence gathering.
I don't see that. I see more of a top-down situation in our
country, and which I think is very dangerous, to be very honest
with you.
Mr. Speziale. And, you are absolutely right, where we have
to realize that the police officer on the street is the person
that interacts more with the public, recognizes what's going on
and what are the changes in the neighborhood that that person
is patrolling, and that is the person that will be able to
provide that first tier of intelligence to come up the chain of
command, instead of the tiers going down the chain of command.
Mr. Pascrell. Let me ask you----
Mr. Fontoura. Can I?
Mr. Pascrell. Sure, go ahead.
Mr. Fontoura. The public has a very definite role, probably
the most crucial role. If you think back to the Prudential, the
intelligence that we've been able to get since the Prudential
threat came along is that there were a couple of people that
were casing the Prudential building for about three months.
They were having coffee in a luncheonette right across the
street, which by the way I go by almost twice a week. There are
officers there, there are cops there, but no one, these fellows
were making notes, writing things, taking pictures, taking
photos of the building, the garage entrance, but yet no one
thought enough, and their conscience wasn't raised enough to
say, let me let the police, there's police officers there all
the time, let me just tell this cop what I think is going on
here.
Either they thought, well, I don't want to be a pain, or I
don't want to, you know, get involved with this. This is
nonsense. You are going to see it before we see it, so if you
see something out of the ordinary, if it doesn't fit, give us a
call. The worst that could happen is, it's nothing, we'll put
your mind at ease.
Mr. Pascrell. Chief Rotonda?
Mr. Rotonda. I was saying, Congressman, it has gotten
better since 2001 for the foot patrol officer. We do have
resources now, we have places where we can report suspicious
activity. That wasn't the case before 2001.
So, it's not at its greatest level, but it is better.
However, I do feel that it's the Federal Government's
responsibility ultimately to disseminate information down to
the police departments.
As the Sheriff had said, we can't all get top secret
clearance. I attempted myself and they said it wasn't necessary
for me to have it. So, you know, again, back to your question,
it is better now. Could it get much better? Yes, it can, but it
is an improvement.
Mr. Reichert. Mr. Dent?
Mr. Dent. Just a quick comment on the quality of
information you are getting from Washington. We all talk about
the information sharing, intelligence sharing, and I think
we've done a better job of that horizontally at the Federal
level. And, it's clear that you are doing a very good job of it
here in New Jersey among yourselves.
But, I'm worried about this vertical level of information
sharing. In Pennsylvania again, my State Homeland Security
Office is often talking to me or complaining to me about the
types of information coming down from Washington, from the
ESOC, Elementary Security Operations Center, down to them, it's
often--it's in large quantity, it's not well qualified, it's
not as credible as it needs to be, and consequently, it's not a
very useful interaction.
And, I was just curious what your thoughts were, Mr. Canas,
on that issue.
Mr. Canas. I couldn't agree more. The information we get
from Washington, specific to New Jersey, tends to be Pablum. We
don't get enough specifics, but, you know what, I don't believe
there are a lot of specifics at the Federal level. Having
worked in that environment, I can tell you that the
intelligence community does an outstanding job looking outward,
but looking inward, because of legal implications and practical
implications, there is no CIA that looks inside the United
States. That's these gentlemen here. They are the people that
need, from the bottom up, to synthesize that information.
I can also tell you that here in New Jersey we could not
agree more that all information and all intelligence, like
politics and emergencies are local, and it starts with the
municipalities reporting in to a central location. I don't
think the Federal Government can help us with that. I think
that's something we need to do ourselves, and we are prepared
to invest money, state money, to make that happen.
Us feeding, at the local level, the information upward, the
Federal Government then can synthesize that information, put it
in context for us, and get it back to us, but it has to start
from the bottom up, and I think that's what we are doing here
in New Jersey, and I think that's what everyone should be
doing.
Mr. Dent. Well, I have no further questions, I just want to
thank you, gentlemen. I find that these interactions are very
helpful to me. I learned a great deal from the local and state
officials about--we are in Washington, and we are looking at
this issues sometimes at 60,000 feet in the air, you are where
the rubber meets the road, so your observations are really very
helpful to me.
So, thank you.
Yield back.
Mr. Reichert. So, I thank the witnesses for your testimony,
thank you for being with us here this morning. We know you have
busy schedules and a job to do, but it is important that you
share your incites with us and your testimony. The citizens
here in your region are fortunate to have you as leaders in
their community, and I think that after hearing what you had to
say today they can feel much safer.
Again, thank you all so much for everything that you do for
your community, your neighborhoods, and our country. This panel
is excused and we'll call up the second panel. Thank you all
very much.
Mr. Pascrell. Mr. Chairman?
Mr. Reichert. Mr. Pascrell.
Mr. Pascrell. Yes, I would ask as many of you to stay for
the second panel, which is going to be a humdinger, we have
FEMA, we have the DHS here, so please, if you can, hang on.
Thank you to the panelists, we really appreciate it.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, let's give them a nice round of
applause.
Mr. Reichert. We'll begin the second round of hearing the
second panel. Mr. Walter Gramm, the Executive Director, New
Jersey Business Force, Business Executives for National
Security, Mr. Steve Kempf, Regional Director, Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Mr. Timothy Beres, Director, Preparedness
Programs Division, Office of Grants and Training, Department of
Homeland Security.
The Chair recognizes Mr. Gramm to testify.
STATEMENT OF WALTER GRAMM, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, NEW JERSEY
BUSINESS FORCE, BUSINESS EXECUTIVES FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY
Mr. Gramm. Well, good afternoon, Chairman Reichert, Ranking
Member Pascrell, and Congressman Dent. It's an honor to be here
today to help address the question at hand, are we ready?
I'm here on behalf of the Business Executives for National
Security, or BENS, a D.C.-based national, non-partisan, non-
profit organization, comprised of more than 500 business
executives committed to volunteering their time and talents to
improve the Nation's security. BENS has a 24-year track record
of applying business skills and best practices to achieve
measurable improvements in government practice.
I am the Executive Director here in New Jersey for the BENS
Business Force initiative. The National Business Force
initiative, I'm proud to say, had its genesis here in New
Jersey and has been providing a template for the formation of
regional public/private partnerships across the Nation. It was
launched in 2003 with the recognition that government alone
cannot adequately prepare for nor respond to catastrophic
events. In short, it takes a village, a local village, as you
pointed out, Mr. Pascrell, and business is a principal citizen
of that village.
When facing the threat of any catastrophic event,
businesses have two kinds of responsibilities. The first is
saving themselves. Self-preservation or business continuity and
planning to make business operations resilient enough to
survive any event.
While business continuity is important to a company, its
customers, employees, suppliers, and ultimately our economy, a
second critical responsibility is helping our communities. In
that spirit, as well as out of humanitarian concern, companies
responded admirably during 9/11, Katrina and other catastrophic
events. But, business/government collaboration in the midst of
crisis has often been chaotic, with little or no advanced
planning, training or exercising.
And, that is the Business Force mission, to mobilize and
organize the resources and expertise of the business community
in advance. Business and government need such a partnership to
better prepare for threats and an all-hazards approach prior to
a terrorist attack, flu pandemic, or natural disaster. The
White House's Katrina: Lessons Learned report encouraged
expansion of the BENS Business Force model, and the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security has provided partial funding.
Specific Business Force projects that mobilize private
sector support fall into four major categories. The first is
organized collaboration. Businesses link to state and local
government emergency operation centers and information fusion
centers to improve communications before, during and after a
crisis.
Second is surge capacity and supply chain management.
Businesses pledge their resources, like warehouse or office
space, trucks, equipment, skilled personnel, on a pro bono
basis through the Business Response Network.
The third is mass vaccination and treatment. Business Force
companies contribute volunteers and skilled management to
assist state and local governments in the design, testing and
execution of plans to dispense vaccines and medical supplies,
in the event of a pandemic or biological attack.
And, the fourth area is leadership and strategic support.
Business Force partnerships offer best business practices and
civic leadership from some of the Nation's top executives to
help government improve homeland security capabilities.
And, crisis information in New Jersey, citizens--here in
New Jersey the Business Force is taking an all-hazards
approach, especially as it relates to communications and public
awareness. For example, with the New Jersey Public Television
and Radio, NJN, one of our key member organizations, we have
been working to provide accurate, actionable, authoritative and
available New Jersey-specific preparedness and crisis
information to New Jersey citizens and business who live within
media markets predominantly centered on New York City and
Philadelphia.
This gets to the transparency issue outlined by Director
Ca/as.
Our member organizations have been enhancing their own
security, business continuity, and communications capabilities
through the use of advancing technology.
As a New Jersey citizen, I am proud of the role our state
has played in helping other states in times of crisis. The
recent deployment to the Gulf Coast Region in the wake of
Katrina and Rita, coordinated and managed by the New Jersey
State Police, confirmed that the public sector and individuals
responsible for our protection and recovery from future
catastrophic events are among the top professionals in the
Nation. BENS is proud of the progress that we have made in
building the public/private partnership here in the state, and
look forward to expanding that partnership under Governor
Corzine's and Director Ca/as' leadership.
Some opportunities ahead that will help in continuing to
forge efficient and effective partnerships are the opening of
the new Regional Integrated Operations Center that Director Ca/
as talked about, and it's a chance to better integrate the
private sector into preparedness and response efforts. Business
and government leaders must learn to communicate effectively
and make sound decisions during an event.
Second is the continued New Jersey State endorsement and
subsequent integration of the Business Response Network into
OEM's EPINET system.
The third is the need for pandemic flu readiness planning,
which has given us a new urgency to the partnering already
underway between private companies and New Jersey's State
health officials.
Business does not have all the answers, but it is clear,
especially during times of crisis, that our Nation needs the
vast resources, expertise and capabilities of the private
sector. We cannot overstate the value of building trust and
creating a sturdy bridge between business and government in
advance. BENS will continue to work with our government
partners to strengthen prevention, preparedness and response
capabilities.
Thank you for the opportunity to address the committee.
[The prepared statement of Mr. Gramm follows:]
Prepared Statement of Walter Gramm
Good afternoon. It is an honor to be here today to help address the
question: "Is Northern New Jersey Ready?"
I am here on behalf of Business Executives for National Security,
or BENS, a national nonpartisan, nonprofit organization, comprised of
more than 500 business executives committed to volunteering their time
and talents to improve the nation's security. BENS has a 24-year track
record of applying business skills and best practices to achieve
measurable, demonstrable improvements in government practices.
I am the Executive Director here in New Jersey for the BENS
Business Force initiative. The National Business Force initiative, I am
proud to say, had its genesis here in New Jersey and has been providing
a template for the formation of regional public/private partnerships
across the nation. It was launched in 2003 with the recognition that
government alone cannot adequately prepare for nor respond to
catastrophic events like terror attacks or pandemic flu. In short, "it
takes a village" and business is a principal citizen of that village.
When facing the threat of any catastrophic event, businesses have
two kinds of responsibilities. The first is saving themselves. Self-
preservation, or business continuity planning, includes developing
emergency response capabilities to protect employee health and safety,
as well as taking steps to make business operations resilient enough to
survive a catastrophic event. Business preparedness helps protect
critical infrastructure, ensure availability of urgently needed goods
and services, and strengthen economic stability.
While business continuity is important to a company, its customers,
employees, suppliers, and ultimately our economy, a second critical
responsibility is helping their communities. Business understands that
it needs to help maintain "continuity of community" in order to ensure
its own business continuity. In that spirit, as well as out of
humanitarian concern, companies responded admirably during 9/11,
Katrina and other catastrophic events. But business-government
collaboration in the midst of crisis has often been chaotic, with
little or no advanced planning, training or exercising.
That is the BENS Business Force mission to mobilize and organize
the resources and expertise of the business community in advance, to
improve security capability in states or regions, where it is most
needed. Business and government need such a partnership to better
prepare for threats in an all-hazards approach prior to a terrorist
attack, flu pandemic or natural disaster. The White House's Katrina:
Lessons Learned report encouraged expansion of the BENS Business Force
model, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has provided
partial funding.
Specific Business Force projects that mobilize private sector
support fall into 4 major categories:
1. Organized Collaboration: Businesses link to state and local
government emergency operations centers and information "fusion
centers" to improve communication before, during and after a crisis.
This collaboration helps identify threats and minimize bureaucratic
roadblocks to get the right resources to the right places faster;
2. Surge Capacity/Supply Chain Management: Businesses pledge their
resources (warehouse or office space, trucks, equipment, skilled
personnel, etc.) on a pro bono basis through the Business Response
Network (BRN) , a web-based registry that can be quickly tapped by
emergency management officials;
3. Mass Vaccination/Treatment: Business Force companies contribute
volunteers and skilled management to assist state and local governments
in the design, testing, and execution of plans to dispense vaccines and
medical supplies in the event of a pandemic or biological attack;
4. Leadership and Strategic Support: Business Force partnerships
offer best business practices and civic leadership from some of the
nation's top executives to help government improve homeland security
capabilities.
Here in New Jersey the Business Force is taking a "High Point to
Cape May" all-hazards readiness approach, especially as it relates to
communications and public awareness. For example, with NJN Public
Television & Radio, one of our key member organizations, we have been
working to provide accurate, actionable, authoritative, and available
New Jersey-specific preparedness and crisis information for New Jersey
citizens who live within media markets predominantly centered on New
York City and Philadelphia.
Our member organizations have been enhancing their own security,
business continuity, and communications capabilities through the use of
advancing technology. Leading edge screening, security, medical, and
information sharing systems such as NJN's DigitalSecure datacasting
system, NC4's National Incident Monitoring Center, and several other
innovative programs are being rapidly deployed.As a New Jersey citizen,
I am proud of the role our state has played in helping other states in
times of crisis. The recent deployment to the Gulf Coast Region in the
wake of Katrina and Rita (coordinated and managed by the New Jersey
State Police) confirmed that the public sector individuals responsible
for our protection and recovery from future catastrophic events are
among the top professionals in the nation. BENS is proud of the
progress that we have made in building the public-private partnership
here in the State and look forward expanding that partnership under
Governor Corzine's and Director Richard Canas' leadership.
Some opportunities ahead that will help in continuing to forge
efficient and effective partnerships:
1. The opening of the new Regional Integrated Operations Center
(RIOC) at the New Jersey State Police campus in West Trenton later this
summer provides a chance to better integrate the private sector into
preparedness and response efforts. Business and government leaders must
learn to communicate effectively and make sound decisions during an
event. To this end, business representatives should actively
participate in the state emergency operation centers and information
fusion centers.
2. Continued New Jersey State endorsement and subsequent
integration of the Business Response Network into OEM's EPINET system
will allow for the broad expansion of the asset base available for
emergency response.
3. The need for pandemic flu readiness planning has given a new
urgency to the partnering already underway between private companies
and New Jersey State health officials. We are looking forward to
expanding the role of business and business volunteers in the design,
testing, and execution of response plans, including the dispensing of
medications.
Business does not have all the answers, but it is clear, especially
during times of crisis, that our nation needs the vast resources,
expertise and capabilities of the private sector. We cannot overstate
the value of building trust and creating a study bridge between
business and government in advance. BENS will continue to work with our
government partners to strengthen prevention, preparedness and response
capabilities.
Thank you for the opportunity to address the Committee and for your
courtesies. I look forward to your questions.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Mr. Gramm. The Chair recognizes
Mr. Kempf.
STATEMENT OF STEPHEN KEMPF, REGIONAL DIRECTOR,
REGION II, FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF
HOMELAND SECURITY
Mr. Kempf. Good afternoon, Chairman Reichert, Ranking
Member Pascrell, and, of course, the senescent Congressman
Dent.
My name is Stephen Kempf, Jr., and I am the Regional
Director, Region II, Department of Homeland Security's Federal
Emergency Management Agency.
I'm also a New Jersey native, first responder, disabled
fireman, former Fire Commissioner. I've been ten years in the
radiological emergency preparedness community, and this is my
second tour as Regional Director. So, I've been around a little
while.
On behalf of FEMA and the Department of Homeland Security,
I would like to thank you for the opportunity to testify before
you today on FEMA's efforts with regard to disaster readiness
and planning in the State of New Jersey.
We who live in New Jersey and within FEMA Region II have
certainly witnessed their share of disasters over the years.
These range from hurricanes to major snowstorms, nor'easters,
and, of course, the World Trade Center disaster in 2001, as
well as the emergency for the World Trade Center bombing in
1993.
Emergency preparedness in New Jersey, as in all parts of
the country, is the responsibility of State and local emergency
managers. As we enter this hurricane season--already having had
one tropical storm, Alberto--I cannot stress this enough, and
we commend the efforts of the State and locals to prepare for
future events. In addition, planning for a disaster is the
responsibility of an even more basic unit, the family and the
individual. Citizens must be prepared to be self-sufficient for
up to 72 hours after a disaster. This gives local, State and
Federal authorities the time to complete life-saving missions.
I would like to point out that New Jersey does lead the
Nation in the number of active Community Emergency Response
Teams, or CERTs, allowing for greater citizen support in a
major event.
I know you are aware that FEMA derives its primary
authority from the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act. Simply put, this Act provides the
authority for mitigating the effects of natural and manmade
disasters through awarding grants to states, assisting in
readiness planning with our Federal, State, local and
federally-recognized tribal and private sector partners, in
coordinating the Federal response, providing recovery
assistance, and establishing the role of the Federal
Coordinating Officer.
Through FEMA's mitigation grant programs, Pre-Disaster
Mitigation, Flood Mitigation Assistance, and the post-disaster
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA provides funds and
technical assistance to develop State and Local Mitigation
Plans, which assess the communities' risks and vulnerabilities
and proposes mitigation solutions to reduce those risks.
Mitigation planning should be included as part of a community's
overall planning effort. By having an LMP, communities have a
better understanding of their risks and an awareness of the
infrastructure and properties vulnerable to those risks, and
can apply for mitigation funding when it is made available
under the Mitigation Grant Programs mentioned before.
Mitigation Grant Programs are funded on a 75 percent Federal,
25 percent State or local cost-share basis.
The role of FEMA, the Department of Homeland Security, and
other Federal, State, local, tribal, and private sector
partners is further outlined in the National Response Plan, the
Nation's all-discipline, all-hazard plan for establishing a
single, comprehensive framework for the management of domestic
incidents.
The New Jersey Office of Emergency Management has also
organized their operations consistent with the National
Response Plan and NIMS, and will be in a position to respond to
future events with full integration into the overall Federal
response.
FEMA's Region II, which includes New York, New Jersey,
Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands, continuously supports all
hazard emergency response planning, and is acutely aware of the
importance of catastrophic emergency response planning. As you
well know, the recent history in this region, especially the
tragic events of September 11th, have inspired in all the
state, local and tribal governments an enhanced sense of
importance on the issue of regional disaster planning.
This regional approach was validated at the recent
Catastrophic Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government,
otherwise known as COOP/COG, Planning Conference held the first
week of April, 2006. During this conference, representatives
from FEMA's Regions I and II worked with the states represented
by these regions to develop common planning priorities.
There are numerous examples of coordination between the
states in Region II and FEMA including the following: FEMA has
been working directly with New Jersey State and New York City
planners on the significant issue of commodity distribution,
evacuation, and sheltering after a major event.
Together, FEMA and the State of New Jersey conducted a
state-wide hurricane awareness session on June 2, which was
attended by over 150 local and state responders to discuss
critical issues responding to a significant hurricane surge
typical of the 1938 hurricane that impacted the Northeast.
New Jersey officials recently participated in a two-day
Department of Homeland Security and FEMA catastrophic hurricane
exercise with all the Northeast States, because of the
interrelationship of all, testing the NRP and the important
relationships with the Principal Federal Official responsible
for hurricanes this season throughout the Northeast.
The State of New Jersey is completing construction of one
of the Nation's first fusion Emergency Operations Center,
totaling almost 78,000 square feet that will incorporate all
State operations, as well as providing space that will allow
Department of Homeland Security, FBI and FEMA officials to be
fully integrated into any response.
Sir, I have a rather lengthy testimony, but given the five
minutes I will provide you with my written statement and
certainly will address any questions that you might have.
Thank you very much. Thank you for your time.
[The prepared statement of Mr. Kempf follows:]
Prepared Statement of Stephen Kempf
Good morning Chairman Reichert, Ranking Member Pascrell and members
of the Committee. My name is Stephen Kempf and I am the Regional
Director, Region II, of the Department of Homeland Security's Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). On behalf of FEMA and the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS), I would like to thank you for
the opportunity to testify before you today on FEMA's efforts with
regards to disaster readiness and planning in the State of New Jersey.
This discussion will include FEMA's general authority to mitigate,
prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters of all types, FEMA's
role and activities in emergency planning in New Jersey, and FEMA's
specific activities associated with preparing for the 2006 Hurricane
Season.
Those living in New Jersey and within FEMA Region II have certainly
witnessed their share of disasters over the years. These range from
Hurricane Floyd in 1999 to major snowstorms and nor'easters and, of
course, the World Trade Center disaster in 2001, as well as the
emergency for the World Trade Center bombing in 1993.
Emergency preparedness in New Jersey, as in all parts of the
country, is the responsibility of State and local emergency managers.
As we enter this hurricane season - already having one tropical storm,
Alberto - I can not stress this enough, and we commend the efforts of
the State and locals to prepare for future events. In addition,
planning for a disaster is the responsibility of an even more basic
unit - the family and the individual. Citizens must be prepared to be
self-sufficient for up to 72 hours after a disaster. This gives local,
State and Federal authorities the time to complete life saving
missions. I would like to point out that New Jersey does lead the
nation in the number of active Community Emergency Response Teams
(CERT), allowing for greater citizen support in a major event.
FEMA's Role and Statutory Authority to Support State and Local
Governments
FEMA derives its primary authority from the Robert T. Stafford
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.
Simply put, this act provides the authority for mitigating the effects
of natural and manmade disasters, through awarding grants to States;
assisting in preparedness and readiness planning with our Federal,
State, local, Federally-recognized tribal and private sector partners;
coordinating the Federal response; providing recovery assistance; and
establishing the role of the Federal Coordinating Officer.
Through FEMA's mitigation grant programs--Pre-Disaster Mitigation
(PDM), Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) and the post-disaster Hazard
Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)--FEMA provides funds and technical
assistance to develop State and Local Mitigation Plans (LMP), which
assess the communities' risks and vulnerabilities and propose
mitigation solutions to reduce those risks. Mitigation planning should
be included as part of a community's overall planning effort. By having
an LMP, communities have a better understanding of their risks and an
awareness of the infrastructure and properties vulnerable to those
risks and can apply for mitigation funding when it is made available
under the mitigation grant programs mentioned. Mitigation grant
programs are funded on a 75 percent Federal and 25 percent State or
local cost-share basis.
The role of FEMA, the Department of Homeland Security, and other
Federal, State, local, tribal and private sector partners is further
outlined in the National Response Plan (NRP), the nation's all-
discipline, all-hazard plan for establishing a single, comprehensive
framework for the management of domestic incidents.
FEMA and DHS' new Preparedness Directorate coordinate initiatives
that include planning and technical assistance for State, local and
tribal governments, and provide support to National Incident Management
System (NIMS) implementation and the National Emergency Management
Baseline Capability Assessment Program. Further, FEMA operates the
Emergency Management Institute (EMI), a national training center for
emergency planning, exercise design, and incident command operations
for Federal, State, local, tribal and private sector individuals. The
New Jersey Office of Emergency Management has also organized their
operations consistent with the National Response Plan and NIMS and will
be in a position to respond to future events with full integration into
the overall federal response.
FEMA Region II Support and Coordination Activities
FEMA's Region II, which includes New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico,
and the U.S. Virgin Islands, continually supports all-hazards emergency
response planning, and is acutely aware of the importance of
catastrophic emergency response planning. As you well know, the recent
history in this region, especially the tragic events of September 11th,
have inspired in all of the State, local and tribal governments an
enhanced sense of importance on the issue of regional disaster
planning. This has made my job, and the job of my staff, much easier,
as we have found receptive and eager partners in our planning efforts.
This regional approach was validated at the recent Catastrophic
Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government (COOP/COG) Planning
Conference held during the first week of April 2006. During this
conference, representatives from FEMA's Regions I and II worked with
the States represented by these Regions to develop common planning
priorities.
There are numerous examples of coordination between the States in
Region II and FEMA including the following:
FEMA has been working directly with New Jersey State and New York
City planners on the significant issue of commodity distribution,
evacuation, and sheltering after a major event;
Together, FEMA and the State of New Jersey conducted a State-wide
hurricane awareness session on June 2, which was attended by over 150
local and State responders to discuss critical issues responding to a
significant hurricane surge typical of the 1938 hurricane that impacted
the Northeast. Future sessions are planned for Long Island and
Westchester County, New York;
New Jersey officials recently participated in a two day DHS and
FEMA catastrophic hurricane exercise with all the Northeast States
testing the NRP and the important relationships with the Principal
Federal Official (PFO) responsible for hurricanes this season
throughout the Northeast; and,
The State of New Jersey is completing construction of one of the
nation's first fusion Emergency Operations Center, totaling almost
78,000 square feet that will incorporate all State operations, as well
as providing space that will allow DHS, FBI and FEMA officials to be
fully integrated in any response.
Protocols and Coordination in a Disaster: Chain of Command
As I have described earlier in this testimony, under the Stafford
Act, FEMA is authorized to supplement the efforts and available
resources of State and local governments and disaster relief
organizations for an emergency or major disaster declared by the
President. We lean forward and move Federal teams, commodities, and
equipment to Federal facilities. However, we cannot actually provide
assistance under the law, unless the Governor asks, certifying that the
event is beyond the State's capability and the President declares an
Emergency or Major Disaster. Nevertheless, commodities and equipment
that may be necessary and made available are pre-positioned in a number
of logistics centers and mobile support locations, strategically placed
across the nation.
The Stafford Act acknowledges the constitutional authority of the
Governor to respond to incidents affecting New Jersey through the New
Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM), which incorporates the
States' mutual aid system and principles of the ICS and provides the
structure through which State and local government agencies respond.
NJOEM coordinates the overall management of an emergency to include
requests for support and resources from other State agencies, other
States under the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC), and
supplemental assistance from the Federal government. In addition, DHS
has recognized New Jersey as one of the first States to involve the
private sector in their operational planning.
In advance of a hurricane, Region II follows existing protocols to
activate the Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC) including
Emergency Support Function (ESF) personnel as appropriate, and to
deploy the State Liaison Officer (SLO) and Emergency Response Team
Advanced (ERT-A) personnel to begin pre-landfall coordination with
State emergency management officials to address life saving and life
sustaining response requirements. The ERT-A will work with their State
counterparts to assess State resource needs, and commodities may be
pre-staged at the Federal staging area in anticipation of need. The
RRCC works with the affected State to identify critical facilities such
as potable water, power and sewage; and needs for assistance or
commodities including evacuation, housing, and food. This process is
facilitated by the ESF leads, for example, the Department of
Transportation provides transportation and evacuation support, the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers provides assistance with debris and other
public works and the Department of Health and Human Services provides
health and medical support.
Several additional FEMA teams may be activated, including the
Agency's National Response Coordination Center Team, the Hurricane
Liaison Team (HLT), and the five Mobile Emergency Response Support
(MERS) detachments. The FEMA/National Weather Service (NWS) HLT,
established in 1996, coordinates communications between the NWS's
National Hurricane Center, FEMA, and the emergency management community
primarily at the State level. The HLT is activated a few days in
advance of any potential U.S. hurricane landfall. The HLT provides an
excellent way to communicate with the large number of emergency
managers typically impacted by a potential hurricane. This is a
critical effort to ensure emergency managers and first responders know
what to expect from the hurricane.
FEMA headquarters may deploy an Emergency Response Team National
(ERT-N) to supplement Regional staff, and may alert National Disaster
Medical System (NDMS) and Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) teams to
prepare for deployment. Once an event has occurred, the Rapid Needs
Assessment (RNA) team may deploy to determine critical needs or issues
in the State. When a facility is available and prepared for staff, a
Joint Field Office (JFO) would be opened to support the disaster
response and recovery efforts. FEMA's Stafford Act recovery programs
would be carried out throughout this process.
As part of this planning effort and consistent with the States
plans and priorities, FEMA will continue to work with other Federal
agencies, the State and other stakeholders to:
Improve Federal support to the emergency management response
capability of local, State and Federal agencies to rapidly respond to
emergencies, major disasters, and Incidents of National Significance.
Ensure unified command and unity of effort through rigorous
adherence to the principles of NIMS. In preparation for this upcoming
hurricane season, but with the additional benefit of being ready for
any disaster, Secretary Chertoff has pre-designated a PFO and a Federal
Coordinating Official (FCO) for Regions I and II. The PFO for this area
will be Rear Admiral David P. Pekoske, First District Commander, U.S.
Coast Guard; the Deputy PFO will be Joseph Picciano, FEMA Region II
Deputy Director; and the FCO will be Phil Parr, a seasoned FEMA Federal
Coordinating Officer. Meetings have been held with key New Jersey
State, local and emergency management officials, which have included
either the designated PFO or DPFO, where discussions that have
incorporated explanations of the PFO role.
Streamline national level emergency contracting procedures and plan
to ensure an adequate inventory of response and recovery assets are
strategically pre-positioned throughout the country.
2006 Hurricane Season Improvements
The historic 2005 hurricane season challenged FEMA as never before.
The agency supported the largest evacuation in U.S. history,
coordinated the delivery of approximately four times the amount of
water and two times the amount of ice delivered for all four Florida
hurricanes combined in 2004, coordinated the rescue of 36,000
individuals with U.S. Coast Guard and FEMA Urban Search & Rescue teams
and provided temporary housing assistance to an unprecedented 825,000
families displaced from their homes. While catastrophic Hurricane
Katrina resulted in a record response from all levels of government,
the lessons learned from FEMA's response will prove invaluable for the
improvement of future major disaster responses.
FEMA approaches the 2006 hurricane season with a renewed sense of
commitment and urgency to improve our service to the Nation by building
on a solid foundation of experienced professionals and the lessons
learned from last year's unprecedented disaster response activities.
Techniques and technologies that were employed in the response to
Hurricanes Rita and Wilma in the 2005 season to improve response
coordination have been institutionalized. And, as a result of intensive
collaborative analysis of response and recovery programs post-Katrina,
FEMA is implementing multiple new measures designed to strengthen
essential functions so the agency can more effectively respond to all
disasters. These improvements are designed to supplement the experience
and skills of FEMA employees with 21st century tools and technology--
maximizing the agency's performance regardless of disaster size, cause
or complexity.
Following are some examples of some of the national initiatives for
improvement that will be in place for the 2006 hurricane season.
Improving Federal coordination in the immediate response, by
increasing the level of coordination with the Department of Defense. A
Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO) and support staff are anticipated to
be stationed at FEMA Region II to smooth and expedite the provision of
Department of Defense support. The identified DCO has met with Regional
staff and briefed the States at the recent Catastrophic COOP/COG
Planning Conference. In addition, the Region maintains close
coordination with the Regional Emergency Preparedness Liaison Officer
(EPLO) staff. FEMA headquarters has been working with DOD to shorten
the time from request to delivery of assets by pre-identifying military
capabilities and developing the scope of work and cost information for
support in communications, ground transportation, air transportation,
medical support and search and rescue.
Improving situational awareness and communications
interoperability, through development of the DHS Secretary's
Situational Awareness Teams, and augmentation of survivable and
interoperable communications capabilities. Region II has actively
coordinated with other States to include New Jersey on issues of
communications interoperability. Emphasis has been placed on types of
equipment, frequency management and cross-coordination of support
capability in any operational situation.
As an element of FEMA's increased ESF-1 and ESF-13 capability, TSA
is in the final stages of publishing a Natural Disaster Plan that forms
teams of TSA personnel from across the country to respond to natural
disasters with 24 hours notice. These teams consist of scaleable
numbers field personnel as well as command and control elements to
support the on scene commander. The teams also include a Federal Air
Marshal element that is also scaleable to assist local and federal law
enforcement personnel in accomplishing their tasks. These teams will
provide continuation of transportation commerce where and when needed,
including the replacement of transportation security specific personnel
who may be personally affected by a natural disaster, once again to
permit the continuation of commerce or evacuation, as required.
Hiring, training and developing the two FEMA Incident Response
Support Teams (FIRSTs) to support the Federal response to Incidents of
National Significance. These are small, rapidly deployable teams that
can provide support directly to State, local and tribal governments on
scene, providing technical advice, situational awareness,
communications and assistance in requesting and employing lifesaving
Federal assets. They are intended to deploy within two hours of
notification, to be on-scene within 12 hours, and are a forward
component of the ERT-A.
Improving logistics and commodity preparations by replenishing and
restocking essential disaster commodities at logistics and staging
areas and working in advance with vendors. FEMA headquarters will have
enhanced logistics support from the Defense Logistics Agency to ensure
available stockpiles of emergency meals, water, tarps, plastic
sheeting, medical equipment and essential pharmaceuticals.
FEMA is actively improving the visibility of disaster assets and
commodities from requisition to arrival at disaster locations, thus
enhancing logistics management. FEMA headquarters is improving delivery
of disaster commodities within States and implementing a commodity
tracking initiative, the Total Asset Visibility Project: Phase I, which
will provide FEMA with an improved ability to manage its inventory of
certain commodities and to track the location of trailers carrying
commodities. Phase I will address commodities leaving the logistics
warehouses in Atlanta, GA and Fort Worth, TX, regardless of where the
disaster occurs.
As part of the national evacuation planning initiative, we
recognize that given the small size of Region II, an evacuation in
catastrophic disaster conditions would require close coordination among
all States, both for transportation routing and sheltering of evacuees.
The experience gained by FEMA Region II and the State of New Jersey in
housing and caring for Katrina evacuees has provided valuable insight.
In addition to assisting with local sheltering needs, FEMA Region II
deployed a large number of staff to the Gulf States in support of
Hurricane Katrina and learned many valuable lessons through that
experience. We would also like to commend New Jersey for the
significant effort it has made over the past year to expand hurricane
evacuation planning activities.
Strengthening our emergency medical response. Disaster Medical
Assistance Teams (DMATs) have served with distinction in responses to
many incidents, including natural disasters throughout the U.S.; the
World Trade Center attacks in New York on 9/11/2001; the 2002 Winter
Olympic Games in Utah; and a wide range of National Special Security
Events.
Strengthening our search and rescue response. FEMA headquarters
continues to work with numerous Federal agencies including FEMA's Urban
Search and Rescue elements, the U.S. Coast Guard and the Department of
the Interior (Park Service) to agree on roles, responsibilities, and
available resources for structural collapse rescue, water rescue, and
wilderness rescue. Although New Jersey's Urban Search and Rescue team
is not presently part of the FEMA national system, they are recognized
by states in the northeast region and elsewhere in the nation and have
served admirably including supporting NYC during 9/11.
Developing the 2006 Concept of Operations for Hurricane season:
FEMA headquarters has been working with the primary and supporting ESF
agencies in identifying the tasks that should be done starting 96 or
more hours out, then 72 hours, 48 hours, etc. to ensure we have all
Federal supporting and operational functions synchronized in the
response. FEMA plans to activate more assets (teams and commodities)
sooner and place them closer to anticipated landfall, while keeping
them safe, though we recognize that with the variables of hurricanes
this can be problematic.
Improving customer service and expediting help to disaster victims
by improving shelter population management and doubling registration
capacity to 200,000 persons per day. We will also deploy mobile
registration intake centers (MRICs), recognizing that many disaster
victims may be stranded or in congregate shelters with no
communications and unable to register for assistance. We are also
enacting measures to cut down on the incidences of waste, fraud and
abuse, taking such steps as improving our identity verification process
during registration, suspending the use of debit cards, providing more
information on the intended purpose of disaster assistance, and
developing safeguards on the use of new technologies to both improve
our stewardship responsibilities of Federal taxpayer dollars while
simultaneously reducing the delays associated with disaster victim
identity verification.
Expanding our home inspections capacity and improving the speed and
suitability of temporary housing, and enhancing the debris removal
process.
FEMA plans to increase our disaster workforce and is expanding
training of employees for disaster readiness.
Looking Ahead
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, while the Department,
Region II, and the State of New Jersey are making great strides to
strengthen essential functions to improve our 2006 readiness, I would
be remiss if I did not mention some of the major areas that will
require long term commitment in conjunction with the State. These areas
include:
evacuation planning as identified through the Nationwide Plan
Review Report dated June 16, 2006, prepared by DHS and the Department
of Transportation (this planning also encompasses the impacts on
surrounding States)
further communications enhancement;
addressing the emergency needs and requirements for the elderly,
the disabled, and other special needs populations;
disaster commodity inventory tracking systems and distribution
centers to result in more effective delivery or relief supplies to
disaster victims; and
refining the coordination of all levels of government.
Finally, as Federal, State, local and tribal governments become
better prepared in anticipation of this hurricane season, it is vitally
important that individuals and families also be prepared. New Jersey
has not been directly hit by a significant hurricane event in many
years, potentially resulting in a lack of individual preparedness. I
recognize that States generally hold public awareness campaigns at the
start of hurricane season, and encourage that they continue that
practice and encourage strong public awareness campaigns. As I
mentioned before, New Jersey does lead the nation in Community
Emergency Response Teams (CERT) allowing for greater citizen support in
a major event. FEMA Region II public affairs staff will coordinate with
and support the States to ensure a unified message.
Of course, preparation for improved emergency management must be a
consistent process. FEMA will continue to make other significant
enhancements beyond this hurricane season to help further strengthen
the Nation's preparedness and ability to respond and recover from
disasters, whatever their cause. We look forward to continuing our
partnerships with the State of New Jersey, tribal and local
governments, as well as the private sector, community organizations and
individuals in identifying their roles and responsibilities. Together,
we will strengthen our ability to prepare for, protect against, respond
to, and recover from catastrophic events.
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, thank you again for the
opportunity to appear before you today. I would be pleased to answer
any questions you may have.
Mr. Reichert. The Chair recognizes Mr. Beres.
STATEMENT OF TIMOTHY BERES, DIRECTOR, PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMS
DIVISION, OFFICE OF GRANTS AND TRAINING, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND
SECURITY
Mr. Beres. Thank you, Chairman Reichert, Congressman
Pascrell, and Congressman Dent. Thank you for this opportunity
to discuss homeland security and the support the Department of
Homeland Security has provided to New Jersey.
My name is Tim Beres, and I'm the Director of Preparedness
Programs in the Department's Office of Grants and Training.
Since 1998, I have worked to develop national homeland security
programs to prepare our Nation's public safety community to
deal effectively with terrorism and weapons of mass
destruction.
During my tenure, I've had the opportunity to establish the
first National Training Center for Civilian Terrorism
Preparedness, and I've established an advanced educational
program which has educated current and future leaders in the
field of homeland security.
In addition, I've led the development and evolution of the
Homeland Security Grant Programs, including the Urban Area
Security Initiative to allocate finite Federal Resources that
support strategic direction of the Department and the national
preparedness goal.
The Department's mission is to make our entire Nation safer
and more secure, by managing risk in a way that lessens the
vulnerability of the entire country. As Secretary Chertoff has
pointed out, we will never have the resources to protect every
single person, and every single place, at every single moment
in America. Our responsibility at DHS is to determine how to
most effectively use limited Federal resources to maximize
security throughout the country.
In allocating 2006 Homeland Security Grant funds, we used
an approach that expands our understanding of what constitutes
risk, while taking into account congressional guidance
encouraging our Nation to move away from reaction to strategic
preparation.
As you know, Mr. Chairman, the combined region of New
Jersey--of Jersey City and Newark, was one of the highest
ranked areas for relative risk in the fiscal year 06 analysis.
More than 2,000 assets were considered in the analysis for this
urban area, and the combination of the two cities in the
program had a significant impact in its overall ranking of
relative risk.
Since 9/11, the Department of Homeland Security has
provided more than $320 million to the State of New Jersey.
While the State of New Jersey saw an 8 percent decrease in
funding from last year, as you know, Mr. Chairman, funds
appropriated for the Homeland Security Grant Program were cut
by more than 25 percent. The State of New Jersey's total award
of nearly $52 million represents approximately a 30 percent
greater slice of the national pie.
The Jersey City/Newark area has received on average
approximately 3 percent of all funding through the Urban Area
Security Initiative since the program's inception, and has
received more than $97 million overall since 2003. This year's
Urban Area Security Initiative allocation of $34.3 million was
nearly 5 percent of the total funds available, an almost 80
percent increase from last year.
As we look at how to strategically invest Federal dollars,
we are seeking investments that promise to increase the overall
capability of a region through funding such things as
technology and specialized training.
The State of New Jersey and its partners have worked hard
in this regard. As a result, the Homeland Security Grant
Program funding from prior years has had a significant impact
on the successful implementation of several important Homeland
Security initiatives across New Jersey. These include a
regionalized explosive detection response capability, creation
of a large-scale emergency medical response capability, and
working towards implementing a state-wide interoperable
communication system.
Mr. Chairman, it is these kinds of large-scale, long-term
capability-based improvements that the Homeland Security Grants
Program were designed to support. The process used to allocate
fiscal year 06 Homeland Security Grants reflects this emphasis,
as well as our improved understanding of nationwide risk and
ability to evaluate risk, mitigation strategies against the
National Preparedness priorities.
In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, the Department believes that
the 2006 Homeland Security Grants Program resulted in a dynamic
and objective funding process that will sustain improvements in
our homeland security over the long term. However, we will
continue to solicit feedback on improving our grant processes
from this Subcommittee, from other members of Congress, and
especially from those on the front lines who work every day to
protect all of us.
With billions of dollars at stake every year, we take this
issue very seriously, and believe that healthy debate will only
make our process better, more transparent, and result in the
improvements needed to secure our Nation from terrorism and
other threats.
I can assure you that myself, and my staff, and everyone
that works with us, all think of ourselves as citizens and not
necessarily Federal bureaucrats, and realize that it's the
first responders that are on the front line, our law
enforcement, public works, public health, firefighters,
everyone, that we are looking forward to, to protect our
families in times of crisis, and we are doing our best to make
sure that we are providing them with the resources that we have
to make ourselves and all their families safer, too.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the opportunity to be here
today and address you. Thanks.
[The prepared statement of Mr. Beres follows:]
Prepared Statement of Timothy Beres
Chairman Reichert, Congressman Pascrell and Members of the
Committee, thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today to
discuss the Homeland Security Grant Program, and specifically, the
support that the Department has provided to the State of New Jersey.
Let me start by stating that while the focus of today's hearing,
"Is Northern New Jersey Ready to Respond to a Disaster", is an all-
hazards discussion, the focus of my statement is on financial,
training, and exercise support to prepare New Jersey to prevent,
detect, respond and recover from acts of terrorism. This information
will supplement the hurricane preparedness testimony delivered from my
colleagues at FEMA to provide an overall view of the state of
preparedness in New Jersey.
There has been much debate and discussion during the past several
weeks. Some of the information presented in public has been accurate
and some has not. The debate itself is positive - it is welcome and
necessary for us to be engaged in discussion over homeland security
priorities and funding.
One thing however is very clear: the discussion on funding should
not be an issue of placing the safety and security of any one person,
community or State in America ahead of another. This is very much about
making our entire nation safer and more secure by managing risk in a
way that lessens the vulnerability of the entire country.
The safety and security of each and every American lies at the core
of the mission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and it is
a mission that the men and women of the Department take seriously.
However, a safer and more secure America is not an exclusive
mission of the Department of Homeland Security. America's safety and
security is a shared national responsibility. It is a mission that is
shared among local, State and Federal agencies, the public and private
sectors and the American people. In the context of terrorism, it
requires an unprecedented mix of efforts - border and immigration
controls, security in our ports, and airports and protection of
critical assets and infrastructure, including transportation,
communication, financial and energy. Homeland security is about
managing risk for the entire nation based on a comprehensive national
approach; it is about applying limited resources most effectively based
on our understanding of America's overall risk.
Let me be very clear, there is a critical distinction to be made:
Threat is not synonymous with risk, nor is risk analysis synonymous
with risk management, as I will discuss later.
There are many tools employed every day and in every way to keep
our nation safer and more secure from the threat of terrorism and a
host of other hazards and threats that comprise our national risk
continuum. Today, I would like to focus on the Homeland Security Grant
Program (HSGP).
The HSGP is the Department's primary means of homeland security
assistance to the states and local communities, and it includes the
State Homeland Security Program (SHSP), the Law Enforcement Terrorism
Prevention Program (LETPP), and the Urban Areas Security Initiative
(UASI). As such, HSGP is one of the Department's most important and
visible mechanisms to manage national strategic risk.
Today's testimony will focus on the method DHS utilized to evaluate
the risk of terrorism to States, territories, and Urban Areas; the peer
review process we employed to determine the expected effectiveness of
proposed solutions, and ultimately, the risk management techniques we
used to determine allocations for Fiscal Year (FY) 2006. I will go into
great detail regarding how the Department strived to employ an
objective, comprehensive, and fair process for allocating FY2006 HSGP
grants to improve nationwide terrorism preparedness.
The debate about "who got how much" has overshadowed the more
important discussion about the best way to use limited financial
resources to increase America's security. We used an approach this year
that expands our understanding of what constitutes risk while taking
into account Congressional guidance encouraging our nation to move away
from "reaction" to "strategic preparation."
As Secretary Chertoff said in recent remarks pertaining to this
program,
"We cannot protect every single person at every moment in every
place against every threat. What we have to do is manage the risk, and
that means we have to evaluate consequence, vulnerability, and threat
in order to determine what is the most cost-effective way of maximizing
security."
The Department's grants programs have traditionally provided
financial assistance to all 50 States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Territories. By the end of
Fiscal Year (FY) 2006, states and localities will have received over
$18 billion in assistance and direct support from the Department of
Homeland Security since September 11, 2001. This does not account for
the additional billions made available from the Departments of Health
and Human Services and Justice.
The Department is making significant, important, and vital changes
to HSGP, both with the analytic capabilities that support the program
and the management techniques we use to determine allocations. And, as
we have all seen from the reaction to our FY 2006 allocations,
implementation of risk management will not necessarily be an easy or a
popular shift. However, it is an important shift and one that we take
seriously. We have and will continue to solicit feedback on our
processes and are willing to listen to criticism and suggestions for
improving our processes. With billions of dollars being allocated each
year, this is a serious business - and we believe that healthy debate
about risk management principles will only make these processes better
and more transparent. Despite recent successes globally in the war on
terror, America's security will be a marathon and not a sprint. We need
an objective funding process that will sustain improvements for the
long- term.
Today, I hope to articulate the following policy considerations:
1. The objectives of the Homeland Security Grants are to enhance
capabilities to prevent, deter, respond to, and recover from acts of
terrorism, to be allocated based on risks, threats, vulnerabilities,
and unmet target capabilities. It is long-standing Administration
policy that the limited pool of Federal grant resources should be
primarily used to improve long-term capabilities that provide a maximum
return on investment, instead of to finance day-to-day occurring local
personnel operational costs.
2. The new DHS risk analysis process incorporates the tremendous
increase in relevant individual risk of urban communities, this risk in
relation to other communities, and the distribution of risk across our
entire nation.
3. In applying risk management to the grant process, DHS has
emphasized the principle of risk reduction, including the peer-review
assessment. This includes the likelihood that Federal resources can
help reduce long-term risk and address short falls in capability. The
new allocation formula, based on risk and effectiveness, strives to
provide an objective process that is flexible to account for improved
information on a national scale.
FY 2006--A Transition Year
In past years, DHS' risk analysis was largely driven by both
population size and density. But over time we have been able to develop
enhanced techniques to analyze risk. In FY 2006, the risk analysis
considered three primary components: Threat, Vulnerability, and
Consequence. The Threat component represents an adversary's intent to
attack a specific target and its potential capability to execute the
attack; the Vulnerability component embodies the susceptibility to an
adversary's attack and the likelihood that it will achieve an impact;
and the Consequence component measures the possible impact from such an
attack.
With the enhanced methodology and broader set of data inputs, we
were able to capture a truer estimation of relative risk for all urban
areas. The footprint used to analyze the risk to both assets as well as
geographic areas and populations was adjusted this year. This
adjustment more accurately reflects the regional context in which these
jurisdictions operate and the critical infrastructure that provides
higher potential targets and requires protecting. There is better data
about not just New York City, but about the entire region, including
the Jersey City/Newark area and across a broader range of sectors. As a
result of these improvements, many areas' risk scores changed
significantly, a reflection of an enhanced analytical approach to
gauging the risk urban areas face relative to one another.
It is important to understand the downstream impact of these
changes in relative risk. For example, New York City does not suddenly
have less risk in an absolute sense; in fact, it continues to be among
the highest risk Urban Areas. However, the relative values for
virtually all other candidates increased this year due to our better
understanding of their risk and its analysis. The relative differences
among the higher risk candidates is what changed from last year to this
year. Indeed, Urban Areas such as the Jersey City/Newark area, Los
Angeles, and Chicago saw their share of national risk relative to New
York City increase considerably, in some cases doubling or tripling
compared to previous analysis. These changes in relative risk were key
drivers in the changes in funding allocations.
FY 2006 also marks the first HSGP grant cycle in which the Interim
National Preparedness Goal is in place to identify National Priorities
and help focus local and state expenditures. This common planning
framework, and the tools that support it, allow us individually as
communities and states and collectively as a Nation to better
understand how prepared we are, how prepared we need to be, and how we
prioritize efforts to close the gap. The absence of this type of
consistent preparedness target is at the forefront of many of our
national shortcomings over the past 25 years. The Interim National
Preparedness Goal demands that we focus attention on "raising the bar"
of preparedness across the country to establish minimum capabilities
and be prepared for the risks we face. This, along with measurement of
risk, gives us an important management consideration for our grant
programs.
Accordingly, the Department of Homeland Security has been
aggressive in:
1. improving the risk analysis tools used to determine a National
risk profile, so that we can target funding at higher risk locations,
and
2. clarifying the risk management objectives for the HSGP, within
the context of the Interim National Preparedness Goal
This year we have also implemented another significant change in
how funds under the HSGP are allocated. In previous years, States and
Urban Areas knew their funding allocations prior to submitting grant
applications. Based on substantial input from the national preparedness
community Congress, and our focus on risk management, Department has
moved towards a risk-based approach that incorporates a competitive
analysis element to allocating funds for HSGP. This is a critical step
in achieving a Homeland Security Grants Program that emphasizes risk-
informed grant making, increased accountability and is focused on
maximizing the return on investment of federal grant funds.
Risk-Based Analysis and Management
I would like to explain how we analyzed risk for determining the
2006 grant funding.The Department of Homeland Security has many risk
management resources at its disposal people, technology, and funding
are just a few. The HSGP is among the most valuable of these tools
because it allows us to partner with our States, Territories and Urban
Areas and First Responder communities, and support national
preparedness goals.
The Administration, Congress, State and Local stakeholders, first
responder organizations, and industry groups have called for more risk
management approaches to inform homeland security grant allocations.
There has been a clear recognition that our national approach requires
that we apply federal funding resources in a way that maximizes
resources to benefit all Americans.
Key to this year's process is a much better understanding of our
national risk.In our effort to improve our methods for risk management
of the terrorist threat we considered several key factors.
1. Ultimately, it is the States, Urban Areas and Territories that
own the risk in their respective areas, and they must make investments
locally that will build needed capabilities and address identified
risk. DHS's risk management job is to provide them guidance, and within
available resources, financial assistance to make these investments. In
this program, we have been directed to invest in initiatives that
promote unity of effort at the community, regional, state, and national
levels. They must continue to provide tangible benefits beyond the flow
of Federal dollars.
2.When managing risks, we must rely on analysis of risk to inform
our management process, but be cognizant of the inherent uncertainty of
this analysis. Consider this definition of risk analysis from the
Society for Risk Analysis:
"Risk analysis uses observations about what we know, to make
predictions about what we don't know."
I think this sums up risk analysis in the context of homeland
security quite nicely. We have carefully considered the factors that
experts believe lead to risk, and we have confidence in our approach.
But we are realists and we understand that risk in the terrorist
context is new, constantly changing, and lacks the measuring history of
data flow found in other hazards.
Terrorist threat cannot be predicted with the reliability of
hurricanes or floods, or mechanical failures. No matter how much we
invest in scientists and algorithms, we cannot measure terrorism risk
in an absolute sense. Therefore, we emphasize building capabilities to
manage risk nationwide based on the best estimations possible. Our
profile is built on an analysis of relative risk based on what is
known.
3.Risk Analysis DOES NOT EQUAL Risk Management. In fact, the
Society for Risk Analysis definition makes this point better than I
can:
Risk analysis seeks to inform, not to dictate, the complex and
difficult choices among possible measures to mitigate risks.
As this indicates, the risk analysis is only one input to the risk
management process that should be considered for Homeland Security. In
any risk context, risk management typically involves considerations
beyond the quantifiable analysis. Risk management includes many other
considerations such as management objectives, fiscal constraints, one's
ability to actually impact the risks one faces, and the strategy that
best serves our overall national interests. The primary risk management
objective of the HSGP is to: raise the bar of preparedness across the
at-risk states, territories and Urban Areas as part of an
interdependent national effort by directing funds to areas of greatest
risk and those implementing the most effective risk management
solutions.
These two objectives announced by Congress require the Department
to balance the desire to focus resources on areas at relatively greater
risk, with the desire topromote use of federal resources for strong
solutions that "raise the bar" of national preparedness and address
national risk.
Thus, common sense dictates that managing risk through the HSGP
program involves much more than just distributing dollars in proportion
to the relative risk data that we generate each year. Rather, it is
viewed as a means for reducing risk and promoting national objectives.
As previously noted, DHS defines risk by three principal variables:
Threat, or the likelihood of a type of attack that might be attempted,
vulnerability, or the likelihood that an attacker would succeed with a
particular attack type, and consequence, or the potential impact of a
particular attack. The risk model used as input to the HSGP process
includes both asset-based and geographically-based terrorist risk
calculations. DHS combines these complementary risk calculations to
produce an estimate of the relative risk of terrorism faced by a given
area.
Our enemies still wish to inflict both physical and economic harm
on the United States. Recognition of this threat is underscored by both
the Administration's and Congress's desire to assess and categorize our
national assets - things such as key transportation hubs, financial
processing sites, nuclear power and chemical plants, priority
communication and energy systems. These are sites that, if attacked,
would have an extraordinary impact not only on the surrounding
population and community, but in some cases, the nation as a whole. In
the first year of this grant program we had categorized approximately
200 sites, in 2004 some 1700, in 2005 approximately 11,300. This year,
we further expanded the number of sites to include many considered to
be `high risk' by the surrounding state and local jurisdiction, which
brought the total number of sites in the analysis to over 260,000
sites.
This asset-based approach uses strategic threat estimates from the
Intelligence Community of an adversary's intent and capability to
attack different types of assets (such as chemical plants, stadiums,
and commercial airports) using different attack methods. DHS analyzes
the vulnerability of each asset type relative to each attack method to
determine the forms of attack most likely to be successful.
Additionally, DHS estimates the consequences that a successful attack
would have on each asset type, including human health, economic,
strategic mission, and psychological impacts. This analysis yields a
relative risk estimate for each asset type, which DHS applies to a
given demographic area, based on the number of each asset type present
within that area.
The geographic-based approach allows DHS to consider general
characteristics of a geographic area mostly independent of the assets
that exist within that area. First, DHS evaluates threats, law
enforcement activity, and suspicious incidents reported during the
evaluation period.
Next, DHS considers vulnerability factors for each geographic area,
such as the area's proximity to international border.
Lastly, DHS estimates the potential consequences of an attack on
that area, including human health, economy, strategic mission, and
psychological impacts.
DHS's ability to analyze risks to the Nation is improving each year
in both breadth and sophistication. Despite the known limitations of
the Department's analysis, the results confirm two fairly intuitive
points:
1. The majority of the risk is contained in a handful of locations
throughout the country. This is the argument so strenuously made by
that handful of localities. However,
2. There are risks to other urban areas that we have begun to
assess more accurately. These areas have previously received relatively
small amounts of grant funding. The HSGP risk analysis considered much
more than the final number of cities that made the Urban Area list.
Those that made the list did so because they had a level of risk. In
this case, the urban areas under UASI contain 85% of our national urban
area risk. Attachment A reflects both the funding and risk curve and
you can see these correspond.
Given these two results, and drawing on intuition and common sense,
it seems reasonable that while we must fortify higher-risk locations,
we cannot ignore the risks in the other locations.
Effectiveness
For FY 2006, States and Urban Areas submitted grant applications,
called Investment Justifications, to formally request FY 2006 HSGP
funding in support of their strategies and related program planning
documents. These applications were reviewed through an intensive peer
review process. The FY 2006, competitive grant process to allocate
funds to States and Urban Areas was based on two factors:
1. The relative risk to assets and populations within the eligible
applicant's geographic area, and
2. The anticipated effectiveness of the individual investments
comprising the Investment Justification, in aligning to the Interim
National Preparedness Goal and addressing the identified homeland
security needs of each applicant.
Finding the right balance between these two factors is the central
risk management challenge. It requires us to conduct extensive analysis
of relative need and risk, thoroughly review applications, and
rigorously analyze the potential effectiveness of the grant funds. The
Department of Homeland Security conducted an unprecedented amount of
analysis to arrive at decisions about grants funding. We took into
consideration alignment with other national policy initiatives and
statute objectives, as well as ensuring consistency of approach both
over time and between the HSGP programs.
The major considerations of project requests were the following:
Relevance--Connection to the National Priorities, Target
Capabilities List, State/Urban Area Homeland Security Strategy goals
and objectives, and the Enhancement lan.Regionalization--Coordination
of preparedness activities across jurisdictional boundaries by
spreading costs, pooling resources, sharing risk, and increasing the
value of their preparedness investments.
Impact--The effect that the investment will have on addressing
threats, vulnerabilities, and/or consequences of catastrophic events.
Sustainability--The ability to sustain a target capability once the
benefits of an investment are achieved through identification of
funding sources that can be used beyond the current grant period.
Implementation Approach--The appropriate resources and tools are
(or will be) in place to manage the Investment, address priorities, and
deliver results.
States and Urban areas each submitted up to 15 investments for
consideration. These investments were submitted with an Investment
Justification, which allowed them to describe specific funding and
implementation approaches that would help achieve initiatives outlined
in the Statewide Program and Capability Enhancement Plan. This plan
developed in the Fall of 2005 establishes how Urban Areas and States
will work to develop their individual capabilities as part of a broader
national effort. The Investment Justification allowed the States and
Urban Areas to request funding for allocation to their near-term
priorities, consistent with the National Priorities articulated in the
Interim National Preparedness Goal.
The effectiveness review is a method to evaluate a state or Urban
Area proposal in relation to others submitted and against the grant
program criteria provided. It is not, I repeat it is not an evaluation
of how well an initiative is or is not performing in a particular State
or Urban Area. This element, added with Congressional direction and
support, is designed to encourage uses of funds in accordance with pre-
announced program guidelines and that will both enhance community,
state and national preparedness beyond a grant period.
Peer Review Process
Our risk management objective was to determine the "anticipated
effectiveness" of the investments contained in the Investment
Justification. Thus, DHS convened a panel of a cross section of
representatives from States, Territories, and Urban Areas, and from a
variety of Homeland Security and Emergency Management disciplines.
States and Urban Areas sent high ranking officials to be reviewers;
for example, three States sent their most senior Homeland Security
Directors. From the Fire and Rescue community, an Assistant Deputy Fire
Chief, Battalion Chief, Fire Operations Chief, and a Fire Emergency
Management and Communications Chief participated, from Law Enforcement,
an Assistant Chief of Police, Captain of a Sheriff's Department,
Commander of a Special Response Team, and a Lieutenant from a Homeland
Security and Tactical Operations unit. All used their knowledge and
experience to evaluate the anticipated effectiveness of proposed
solutions from their peers. These examples are only a subset of the
vast experience of peer reviewers who participated in the HSGP process.
Peer review panels were made up of reviewers from varied
backgrounds and experience - and to avoid potential conflicts of
interest - diversity was emphasized. Each panel included a balance of
representation from each region (Eastern, Central, and Western). The
peer review panels reviewed and scored each individual Investment
included in the Investment Justification as well as the Investment
Justification submission in its entirety. The peer review panels also
reviewed the Enhancement Plan to ensure alignment among Initiatives
from the Enhancement Plan with proposed Investments.
The peer review process provides a significant incentive for States
and Urban Areas to spend the limited pool of Federal resources on
projects that will provide a meaningful return on investment and a
lasting impact on reducing the risks of terrorism.
HSGP Guidance to All Communities
Prior to the release of the HSGP guidance, DHS provided extensive
assistance to States and local governments in their development of
updated Homeland Security Strategies and the Capability Enhancement
Plans, which link investment planning to the National Priorities
outlined in the Interim National Preparedness Goal. This guidance for
the development of Enhancement Plans was a critical precursor to the
development of successful Investment Justifications that meet the
criteria assessed by the Peer Review Panel during the HSGP application
process.
Between the time that the FY2006 Homeland Security Grant Program
(HSGP) guidance was released on December 2, 2005, and the application
due date of March 2, 2006, the DHS Grants and Training (G&T)
Preparedness Officer for both the State of New Jersey (NJ) and the
Newark/Jersey City Urban Area was in frequent contact with the State
and Urban Area. The officer was available to answer technical questions
regarding the process. Due to the competitive nature of the application
process, G&T staff members were not able to discuss or offer advice
regarding specific program or budget proposals that may unfairly
benefit one application over another.
G&T provided technical assistance to assist with the Program and
Capability Review (PCR), which was the core planning process each State
was required to conduct prior to submitting proposals. The PCR
justified how any FY 2006 funds would be invested. Approximately 110
representatives from the State of New Jersey, including representatives
from the Jersey City/Newark urban area, participated in the PCR
technical assistance session on January 10, 2006. The session stressed
the need to emphasize broad regionalization and include additional
stakeholders, such as other local regions and the private sector, in
the program planning process.
Allocation
To support the management objectives of HSGP, we investigated
several allocation techniques, and ultimately selected a two-by-two
matrix approach that allows us to evaluate Investment Justifications
based on the Relative Risk to the Applicant vs. the anticipated
Effectiveness of the Investment Justification submitted by that
applicant.
This two-by-two matrix approach provided us with the following
benefits:
It allowed us to assemble a picture of the challenge recognizing
that the two factors we value: Relative Risk and anticipated
Effectiveness are distinct and not inherently correlated
It gave us a relatively simple lens through which to view the
decision space as policy makers, while still allowing a known model to
drive final allocations.
To generate final HSGP allocations, we assembled two of these
matrices: one for States and Territories subject to SHSP and LETPP
dollars, and one for Urban Areas subject to UASI dollars. The matrices
worked the same. Each applicant was plotted in the matrix by using
their relative risk score and their Investment Justification
Effectiveness rating.Once plotted in the matrix, each applicant fell
into one of four quadrants:
Quadrant 1: higher relative risk/higher anticipated effectiveness
Quadrant 2: higher relative risk/lower anticipated effectiveness
Quadrant 3: lower relative risk/higher anticipated effectiveness
Quadrant 4: lower relative risk/lower anticipated effectiveness
Once allocations were determined for each of the four quadrants,
final dollar allocations were determined. For that, Relative Risk was
weighted two-thirds and anticipated effectiveness was weighted one-
third to emphasize the risk-based nature of the programs while
recognizing strong program solutions. Using our analytic model, we
generated the final allocation results you have seen, and which are
illustrated by the chart below.
Urban Area Allocation
AZ--Phoenix Area*......................................... $3,920,000
CA--Anaheim/Santa Ana Area................................ 11,980,000
CA--Bay Area.............................................. 28,320,000
CA--Los Angeles/Long Beach Area........................... 80,610,000
CA--Sacramento Area*...................................... 7,390,000
CA--San Diego Area*....................................... 7,990,000
CO--Denver Area........................................... 4,380,000
DC--National Capital Region............................... 46,470,000
FL--Ft. Lauderdale Area................................... 9,980,000
FL--Jacksonville Area..................................... 9,270,000
FL--Miami Area............................................ 15,980,000
FL--Orlando Area.......................................... 9,440,000
FL--Tampa Area*........................................... 8,800,000
GA--Atlanta Area.......................................... 18,660,000
HI--Honolulu Area......................................... 4,760,000
IL--Chicago Area.......................................... 52,260,000
IN--Indianapolis Area..................................... 4,370,000
KY--Louisville Area*...................................... 8,520,000
LA--Baton Rouge Area*..................................... 3,740,000
LA--New Orleans Area...................................... 4,690,000
MA--Boston Area........................................... 8,210,000
MD--Baltimore............................................. $9,670,000
MI--Detroit............................................... 18,630,000
MN--Twin Cities Area...................................... 4,310,000
MO--Kansas City Area...................................... 9,240,000
MO--St. Louis Area........................................ 9,200,000
NC--Charlotte Area........................................ 8,970,000
NE--Omaha Area*........................................... 8,330,000
NJ--Jersey City/Newark Area............................... 34,330,000
NV--Las Vegas Area*....................................... 7,750,000
NY--Buffalo Area*......................................... 3,710,000
NY--New York City......................................... 124,450,000
OH--Cincinnati Area....................................... 4,660,000
OH--Cleveland Area........................................ 4,730,000
OH--Columbus Area......................................... 4,320,000
OH--Toledo Area*.......................................... 3,850,000
OK--Oklahoma City Area*................................... 4,102,000
OR--Portland Area......................................... 9,360,000
PA--Philadelphia Area..................................... 19,520,000
PA--Pittsburgh Area....................................... 4,870,000
TN--Memphis Area.......................................... 4,200,000
TX--Dallas/Fort Worth/Arlington Area...................... 13,830,000
TX--Houston Area.......................................... 16,670,000
TX--San Antonio Area...................................... 1,460,000
WA--Seattle Area.......................................... 9,150,000
WI--Milwaukee Area........................................ 8,570,000
*Sustainment Urban Area...................................
The allocation process used this year to distribute the nearly $711
million in UASI funding, $125 million less than FY 2005 (overall HSGP
funding was reduced $343 million below the President's request), to 46
metropolitan areas was structured to take into account both the risk
and effectiveness of the proposed investments.
DHS Support for New Jersey and the Jersey City/Newark Areas
The combined region of Jersey City/Newark was one of the highest-
ranked urban areas for relative risk in the FY06 analysis. More than
2,000 assets were considered in the analysis for the urban area, and
the combination of the two cities had a significant impact in the
overall ranking of relative risk. The Jersey City/Newark area has
received, on average, approximately 3 percent of all funding through
the Urban Areas Security Initiative since the program's inception, and
has received more than $97 million overall from the UASI program since
2003. This year's UASI allocation was nearly 5 percent of the total
funds available, which amounts to nearly an 80 percent increase from
last year.
As we look at investing Federal dollars, we are seeking investments
that promise to increase the overall capability of a region through
funding such things as equipment and specialized training. Jersey City/
Newark and its partners have worked hard in this area. HSGP funding
from prior years has had a significant impact on the successful
implementation of several homeland security initiatives across New
Jersey. For example:
New Jersey has developed Regionalized Explosive Detection/Response
Capability--Over the past three fiscal years funding has been used to
support a dual-pronged initiative entitled the Explosive Detection &
Render Safe Task Force to address rapid responses to suspected
improvised explosive devices (IED's). 10 bomb squads and 26 canine
units have become more fully integrated and interoperable through
similar equipment, common training and a written plan providing a bomb
response capability across the state.
Implemented USAR Task Force--Beginning in 2004, funds were used to
implement an Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) strike team to provide the
six-county UASI region with a rapid, first response to disasters that
involve structural collapses. Nine fire departments participate on the
strike team and have been outfitted with a modern rescue vehicle, heavy
rescue tools, and confined space communication equipment. This effort
complements Northern New Jersey's long standing commitment to USAR.
Created Large Scale EMS Response Capability--The UASI, Central, and
Shore regions have created EMS Task Forces to provide disaster related
emergency medical services during large mobilization efforts. 11
medical trailers filled with medical supplies have been funded in these
regions and been assigned to specific EMS teams.
Additionally, the funds provided as part of the FY06 HSGP award
will have a tremendous impact on several initiatives currently in
progress, including:
Achieving a Statewide Interoperability Communications System--The
state is working to provide both tactical and wide area communications
for federal, state, and local public safety agencies. Interoperability
equipment and infrastructure such as 20 interoperability channels, 520
cache radios, and mobile communications equipment are being procured to
allow for statewide interoperability.
Achieve "E Team" Capability in Each County--"E Team" is a
collaborative crisis management system that provides management support
in areas of emergency preparedness, response, and recovery. The system
is being implemented in all 21 counties.
Achieve Statewide Intelligence Management Systems (SIMS) in Each
County--SIMS is used to accumulate, manage and analyze intelligence
data accumulated from numerous internal and external sources. SIMS is
being implemented in all 21 counties.
Needless to say, building these capabilities within the State of
New Jersey and the Jersey City/Newark Urban Area increases prevention,
deterrence, response and recovery capabilities not only of the State
and Urban Area, but also of the region, particularly the Greater New
York metropolitan area. Law enforcement and emergency management
activities in New Jersey and the Jersey City/Newark Urban Area help
mitigate the risk to the entire region, and increased capabilities in
New Jersey help relieve the burden on New York and neighboring areas.
In addition to providing grant funds, training, and exercise
support, the Office of Grants and Training (G&T) has made great strides
in building relationships with key homeland security officials in New
Jersey and cooperative efforts with FEMA Region II.
G&T's Washington, D.C.--based Preparedness Officer for New Jersey
has maintained his role for the past 2.5 years, allowing for a
successful relationship to become established. He is intimately
familiar with the operations of homeland security in New Jersey and its
two Urban Areas.
G&T has a full-time Preparedness Officer located onsite at FEMA's
Region II office in New York City. While the focus of this individual
is specifically G&T's Emergency Management Performance and Metropolitan
Medical Response System grants, she maintains an active professional
relationship with her federal FEMA counterparts in the New York/New
Jersey area.
Representatives from FEMA Region II have attended various meetings
in partnership with G&T. Most recently, FEMA representatives attended
and participated in each of the regional conferences we hosted at the
outset of the FY06 HSGP process.
Finally, New Jersey was one of the sites of the TOPOFF 3 Exercise
in the Spring of 2005. G&T staff worked with NJ officials, state
agencies and other federal partners, and of course FEMA, for many
months in preparation for this significant event.
Conclusion
Mr. Chairman it is essential to recognize the distinction between
risk and threat. Although threat is a large component of risk, risk
does not equal threat, but considers it along with vulnerability and
consequences. Likewise, risk analysis informs, but does not equal risk
management. We now have a much better understanding of nationwide risk
then we have in the past, along with the ability to evaluate risk
mitigation strategies. As a result we now have a dynamic process for
managing risk that reflects the Nation's priorities. We have come a
long way in our understanding of risk and as we learn we will continue
to improve this still evolving process.
Managing risk is a national responsibility. We would not be acting
responsibly if we simply looked at each individual state or Urban Area
as its own entity in making risk-based decisions. America's security
requires a comprehensive approach and the federal government has an
obligation to protect the entire nation. We must take steps necessary
to ensure that all of our high risk areas increase their levels of
capability. The grants allocation process is not about making Omaha
safe at the expense of the New York area, rather, it is about building
capabilities across the nation, such as those in New Jersey and the
Jersey City/Newark Urban Area, that make all of America--including New
York and Washington, D.C. safer and more secure.
Moreover, providing grants to the states and Urban Areas is just
one aspect of managing risk. Whether it's through border security,
ensuring the security of nuclear plants, food storage facilities,
financial centers across the country or cracking down on illegal
immigrants, what we do in one area of the country will make a
difference everywhere else.
Terrorists are working hard to exploit gaps in our efforts and the
American people deserve no less than our very best effort to thwart
those who would do us harm. I am confident in our ability to work
together to do just that.
I would like to thank the committee for its time today and I
appreciate this opportunity to bring further transparency on this
process.
Mr. Reichert. I thank all the witnesses for their
testimony, and I'll begin with just a couple of questions, and
then we'll move on to the other members of the committee.
I don't think anyone will disagree that the money from the
grant process that's been allocated across the country since
September 11th has not been useful to most agencies across this
Nation.
As the Sheriff from Seattle, I know I was the recipient of
many Federal grants from the Homeland Security Grant System,
and also from the COP system, and I know it benefitted the
Sheriff's Office tremendously, and also the entire region.
But, we know there had to be some evolution to this process
and a learning curve, and I sometimes compare our response to
homeland security to a very tragic occurrence in our Nation,
and that's Columbine. And, police departments and sheriffs'
offices across the country responded to Columbine incidents in
a much different way pre that tragic day, and it caused people
in law enforcement across this Nation to take a whole different
look as to how we were to solve a problem that presented itself
in that way.
No longer could you stand around on the outside of the
building and negotiate with the person, because that person now
today is in there, not negotiating, but killing people, and
hurting people. So, you had to come up with a new plan, and you
had to come up with new equipment, and new training, and that's
what the need is for today, a new plan, new equipment, new
training, for protecting our entire country, and it's a mind
set, it's a cultural change that has to take place.
And, I know just recently we had the Secretary, and we also
had Mr. Forsman testify in front of our committees and
Subcommittee, and I remember one comment that was made, I think
it was by Mr. Forsman, is that the grants process is an
evolving process. And, we heard testimony from Commissioner
Kelly and Mayor Bloomberg, and their testimony referred to the
need for training, equipment and communication equipment, but
they also continually referred to, and we heard today,
personnel.
As you see the grants and training process evolving, do you
see it evolving into possibly discussing the need for
supporting personnel across the country in some of the non-
traditional roles that Homeland Security now has caused us to,
those in First Responder uniforms across the Nation take on?
Mr. Beres. I think you make some very good points, Mr.
Chairman. I think this whole issue, I mentioned in my testimony
that I'd been working on it since 1998, has evolved
considerably, and I think one of the best ways of looking at it
is sort of to criminal justice, and the criminal justice system
in the early `70's, before we were looking at it as a system of
systems, you had law enforcement separated from COP, separated
from--separated from courts and separated from corrections. I
think now at Homeland Security, we are finally starting to see
how it is a system of systems in taking a look at what are the
needs of those individual systems as they operate within the
overall broader context.
I think one of our challenges at the Federal side is
determining what are some of those things when we are working
with state and locals in a national security problem, a
national security issue, what are those things that are the
Federal responsibility to fund and/or do, and what are those
things that are state and local responsibilities to fund and/or
do in a national security context.
Mr. Reichert. I want to follow up with just a quick
question.
Mr. Beres. Sure.
Mr. Reichert. Because I don't want to go over my time, and
I know where you are headed with this.
But, the COPS grants have been slowly, you know, quickly,
more quickly, being cut, cut, cut, and when we get to the point
where we know we have equipment, we know that training is in
place, and you are supporting us with that, there's a point
where most chiefs, and sheriffs, and fire chiefs across the
country, and emergency managers will say, we need help hiring
people. Do you see the grant process going in that direction at
all, or at least the discussion beginning?
Mr. Beres. I think there will be a discussion that begins
on that, and I think it also starts with you all in your
committee also.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you.
Mr. Pascrell.
Mr. Pascrell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Gramm, thanks for joining us today. I've read your
testimony very carefully, and then listening to it, there have
been many instances when private industry has been hesitant to
detail their emergency preparedness plans because of propriety
concerns.
How do your members balance your private sector concerns in
emergency preparedness? You had major problems in New Jersey
getting the chemical industry moving, when they didn't see the
Federal Government doing anything.
Mr. Gramm. Well, I think there's a couple different levels
that you deal with. There's certainly a body of information
that business has that's proprietary, that's very sensitive,
that the marketplace, for example, the stock markets are very
sensitive to some of those, some of that information and some
of those plans.
But, where our companies have been working together closely
is to try to sort out what's generic security from what is
business-specific and business-sensitive information.
We started off with non-disclosure agreements, for example,
but over time it's become apparent that they are not so
important as they were initially thought to be, because, again,
there was a generic--there's a generic body of information that
the companies, as they get together and develop that, are
willing to share it with business in general.
There is a little bit of a tension between the public
sector and the private sector, because of a regulation culture.
You mentioned the chemical industry, for example, and I think
where business begins, and part of what the first panel, one of
the things that the first panel mentioned, I think it was
Sheriff Fontoura, was that he was looking for standards to be
legislated.
Where business began with this sense of cooperation after
2001 was with a spirit of collaboration, and I think we want to
be careful not to undermine that by mandating--by making
legislation so isolated, perhaps, or isolated from business
participation in developing, helping to develop that
legislation. It gets to a non--that we continue in a
collaborative environment.
Mr. Pascrell. Well, we on a Federal level are seeing we
have to move when we don't see private industry moving, you
know, we are talking about a dangerous strip here in the State
of New Jersey, and the chemical industry, you know, were
reviewing and examining to see what they've done to step up to
the plate, they're looking at it to see what the Federal
Government is going to do, and there is that tension there that
exists, and yet, I think the overall objective should be that
we ought to get off our duffs and get something done.
Mr. Kempf, you know, your agency has come under a lot of
attack. The last guy got bounced, found out didn't have any
experience whatsoever. I have a great respect for Director, the
present Secretary Paulson, I think he's going to do a great
job. The first time that anybody has ever come from the ranks,
though, first time that anybody was a firefighter, from the
point of the fire agencies that we brought it. This is what I
talk about with boots on the ground, so that bureaucrats are
not telling us how to operate in our local communities. That's
what's been going on.
What is FEMA and the Department doing to ensure that
governments are prepared for vast evacuations, and mass
evacuations, of those that do not have the ways or means to
evacuate themselves, or those that are dependent on others for
evacuation, such as those confined to hospitals, nursing homes,
assisted living facilities? We lost people, when looking back
at Katrina, we lost people because there was either no central
command or we couldn't get off the dime to make a decision. So,
we left people in those hospitals and they died.
Now, we are not that far from September, since last
September, what have we done in the meantime to improve a lot
so we can protect people and save their lives?
Mr. Kempf. Well, as you'd said before, one thing that's
most important to remember is that emergency management like
politics is all local. So, we have to work with the State
Office of Emergency Management, who then work with their local
counterparts in the counties and municipalities, and, of
course, within nursing homes, hospitals and so forth, to make
sure that they have plans and preparedness to move people.
Now, some of the things that come under consideration, of
course, is people who are in weakened health conditions, there
needs to be some medical judgments as to whether they should be
moved relative to the risk that's facing them. For example,
somebody is on a life support system, things of this nature.
So, those all must be considered.
Our agency, Region II, we just finished off on June 2nd one
of our series of meetings with the Office of Emergency
Management, Director Ca/as was there with us, State Police
Colonel Fuentes and his staff, and one of the things we had
addressed is the need for special needs populations. I'm very
attuned to that being handicapped myself, and what are the
types of needs that we would require to move people out,
considering everything from early notice to move the people out
of harm's way before things come in, beyond what we would do
with the average public, if you will.
Mr. Pascrell. But, whether it's manmade or whether it is
nature itself, it would seem to that when a situation is so
overwhelming that the Federal Government has a great
responsibility, if you want to look at priorities.
And when you say, well, we've got to work with the locals,
we know that you have got to work with the locals, that should
be done beforehand.
Mr. Kempf. Which we are doing, that's right.
Mr. Pascrell. And, you know, I'm sure we've learned from
Katrina, but there's a lot of learning that has to go on here.
I do think the Department is educable, and I do think that you
have a good Director right now, and I thank you for answering
the questions.
And, I'll get to Mr. Beres when we get back around again.
Mr. Reichert. Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent. Yes, Mr. Beres, I had talked to the previous
panel, I don't know if you were here for that discussion.
Mr. Beres. I was.
Mr. Dent. OK.
Some of the questions I had dealing with states like mine,
of Pennsylvania, I'm not as clear on New Jersey, but the
question was, you know, what, in your estimation, is the reason
why so many of the states have not drawn down a large amount of
their terrorism preparedness grants from those three funding
programs, UASI, the State Homeland Grant Program, and the Law
Enforcement Grant Program, what do you see as the reason for
that bottleneck, and are they still using a large amount of
those dollars, about a third as I last recall, for
interoperability programs?
Mr. Beres. Just the first question. There are several
different issues that involve the drawn down of the dollars.
Several of them have to do with primarily local procurement
issues, with being able to actually get contracts out the door.
Some of them are restricted to----
Mr. Dent. What is that bottleneck, though, is that
occurring in the state offices?
Mr. Beres. That will occur at the actual local level, after
the state has made a sub-grant award down to the lowest level.
There's also issues at the state level, where many of the
dollars that are granted to them have to go through an
appropriations process at the state level, so before they can
use them they have to be appropriated.
But, I think overall, and this was mentioned in an
Inspector General's report a year and a half ago, draw down
itself is not a good indicator of the use of the funds
necessarily. Director Ca/as here had mentioned that most of the
funds, even at the local level, that they had sub-granted down,
were obligated, so most people would not draw down any of the
funds until they had actually taken receipt of the equipment or
had conducted their exercise to pay their contractors, and
these are two-year grants that involve planning, exercise and
training, too, so you wouldn't expect all of the money to be
drawn down until the end of that time.
Mr. Dent. Can you talk a little bit about the trend in
Homeland Security funding requests? Are these traditional
equipment requests, other than interoperability, communications
going down? And conversely, are you seeing more funding
requests for planning, training and exercises?
Mr. Beres. I have not--let me just put it this way, from
`03 to `05 about $2 billion has been spent on interoperable
communications.
Mr. Dent. $2 billion?
Mr. Beres. About $2 billion.
I would have to go back and look at our data and run the
data into different categories to answer that question
thoroughly, and I'm happy to do that.
Mr. Dent. OK.
And, to Mr. Kempf, my only comment would be to you, I think
Ranking Member Pascrell has talked about it, we all worry about
this evacuation of the New York Metropolitan Area, and maybe
Northern New Jersey, you know, can you just give us your
observations as to where we are, and where we--or where we
should be with respect to a major evacuation in this region,
and what communities ought to be doing better than they are
now?
Mr. Kempf. Well, it's got to go without saying that any
mass evacuation, especially the northern parts of New Jersey
and the New York City confluence, is going to be quite
difficult.
The roadways will permit just a certain amount of vehicles
to transport itself over a certain amount of time. The state
has instituted reverse lane strategies and all the other types
of strategies you would necessarily need.
But, I think that the key thing that we have to look at
here is the early notice and the confidence of the public to
evacuate when it needs to. One of the misfortunes we have up in
this part, especially with a hurricane, is that it will move
very, very quickly, and people have to be willing to take an
evacuation notice or order much earlier than we would otherwise
anticipate in the southern regions, and that goes without
saying for any fast moving terrorism attack or things of that
nature.
I do believe to the extent that it's humanly possible
within the State of New Jersey that the State Police Office of
Emergency Management has very effective plans and can handle a
large-scale evacuation. Whether it's going to be able to so-
called empty the area in 24 hours, I doubt that, because of the
limits of the roadway capabilities.
But, for everything that can be done I believe, and I'm
confident that they have done that.
Mr. Dent. Thank you.
I yield back.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Mr. Dent.
I have just a couple quick questions, Mr. Beres first.
Secretary Ridge, in June of `04, recommended that the
Department of Homeland Security institute, in coordination with
state, county and local governments, municipal tribal
governments also, a grant tracking system, automated grant
tracking system. Is that in place today?
Mr. Beres. We have a grant tracking system that collects
immense amounts of data on expenditures, what people are
spending their dollars are, who are--where they are spending
it, who are the beneficiaries of it.
What is missing, I believe, and Secretary Forsman testified
to this in his last hearing, is actually, basically, a real-
time accounting system to determine where dollars actually are
within a pipeline at any given time across the country.
Mr. Reichert. And, when would that be expected to be in
place?
Mr. Beres. I do not know. We are working on developing
right now a more formalized grant processing system, but I do
not believe that will end up solving the problem of knowing
exactly where all expenditures are throughout the pipeline.
That really requires everyone to be pumping into the same
accounting system nationally.
Mr. Reichert. Would this be a critical part of the next
evaluation of who gets grants and how grants are distributed
across the country?
Mr. Beres. I think we would more likely take a look at
actual obligations we track, and then the types of things the
funds are being used for.
Mr. Reichert. OK.
Mr. Kempf, preparedness is something that we, in the First
Responders arena, do every day, we prepare, and as you know, as
Mr. Chertoff took office, he separated response and
preparedness. How do you see that, that reorganization, is that
something that's a benefit, or should we go back to putting
response and preparedness back together again?
Mr. Kempf. Well, I still think, given the enormity of the
task, and the vast amount of resources, and the new challenges
that we face today, there probably are some very, very strong
arguments to be made to keep response and preparedness within
FEMA as a separate agency, just as there are for the current
structure that Secretary Chertoff has developed.
I think that the real key to--regardless of where it is, is
the one that was discussed earlier, and that's the one of the
relationships within organizations, whether we are attached to
another organization, whether we are independent, doesn't
really matter. When we have to work with other organizations,
such as the Department of Defense and so on, we have to have
those mechanisms in place, the relationships in place so that
we can effectively move those resources and have a very, very
clear picture and understanding of where we are taking those
resources to.
One of the effective things we've done under this current
structure is to develop what's called the PFO, Principal
Federal Official structure, and I also have with me a Deputy
Principal Federal Office, Joe Peshano, who has been with the
agency for, I think, 30 years and is Deputy Regional Director.
We work with Admiral Pekosky from the U.S. Coast Guard, who
is the lead PFO, and we all recognize that regardless of what
structure we are working on, if we didn't have those plans in
place, the preparedness thinking if you will, and the
relationships to call up and say we need this, this is what's
happening, it wouldn't work no matter what the structure was.
So, I think it really comes down to, Mr. Chairman, is that
it's almost a matter of perspective. You know, it's a glass
half empty, glass half full type of an argument. I think some
of the locals that I talk to all the time, some found this to
be very effective and a very good way for them to get
information, others like the comfort of the old system that
they had worked on.
Personally, I can work with this agency as it is structured
today. We've been able to bring information down through our
region, from Headquarters effectively into the state, and,
sure, we have questions that we have to answer every once in a
while, but we seem to be able to bridge those as we are
learning through this system.
Mr. Reichert. Great, thank you.
Mr. Pascrell.
Mr. Pascrell. Before I get to the funding, Mr. Chairman, I
want to say to Mr. Kempf, I think it is the most ridiculous
idea I've ever seen since I've been in the government that we
have separated preparedness and response. Every time Mr.
Chertoff explains to us it only gets worse. I think the
sentiment, correct me if I'm wrong, Mr. Chairman, the sentiment
is that we bring them together, and that they work together so
that one hand knows what the other is doing. I think that this
is a very, very important and critical point in discussing FEMA
and where it works and where it hasn't worked. We know that
FEMA can work, and it's done--a lot of people are hard-working
people, as yourself, as like yourself, but I think if policies
and the strategies from the top are wacky, and I hope you bring
that back to Mr. Chertoff, although I've already told him to
his face.
Mr. Kempf. As long as they don't kill the messenger, sir.
Mr. Pascrell. I want to talk about funding, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Forsman has spoken before the Congress, and now Mr. Beres,
you guys are the messengers, so what I have to say has nothing
to do with your service to your country. I respect it and thank
you for it.
But, the funding mechanism that is before us we need to
understand, the public needs to understand, how it works. First
of all, when you ask the question and we talk about draw down,
this is a very different kind of program for Homeland Security,
in that you have to spend the money first before you get it.
That's the program, it's in the law.
And so, much of the money is in the pipeline waiting to be
delivered, but the municipality has not gotten what they paid
for yet. They have applied to the Homeland Security for
reimbursement, it's almost a reimbursement program.
What would you think of this, Mr. Beres, that instead of
this foolish program that we kept on debating in the Congress,
that we use the program and we use the model of the Fire Act,
or the COPS program, where the money goes directly to the
municipality on a competitive based, based upon risk and
vulnerability? We believe that much of the money should be
based upon risk and vulnerability, and not population, and we
still have a system where folks in Wyoming are getting more
Homeland Security money per capita than we are in New York.
That doesn't make any sense. I don't know how you justify it.
I love the people in Wyoming, I want them to be protected,
and we want to help them be protected, and the Federal
Government has a responsibility to them. Don't tell me that we
have to sacrifice.
You know, the numbers in New York are astounding. You
slashed their budget from $207 million to $124 million. I want
to know how that makes New Jersey safe.
Now, you approved, you increased the money to the Newark/
Jersey City region, and, of course, the ten mile parameter
around it. Of course, you reduced the money for the entire
State, so you have to tell people that. So, we come out with
less money than even the same amount of money.
I mean, you are not going to play games with these numbers
anymore. What I find astonishing, what I find astonishing is,
that many people lose cite of the fact that we shrunk the
bottom line, we have a smaller pie to deal with. And, you've
got to come up with ways to get the money, even though it's
less money in totality, to as many communities that are
vulnerable as possible.
I understand that, we all understand that, but I also
understand one thing, if New York isn't safer we are not safer
on this side of the river, and I understand that, and I'm going
to fight every possibility and every chance that I get to make
sure that that funding is restored, because it's a matter of
priorities.
I want you to take this back to Mr. Chertoff, who comes
from the State of New Jersey, who I supported when he was
nominated for the job in the first place. But, you take this
back to him, that I would rather provide--provide, the
technical state of the art for our police and fire, the
interoperability for our police and our fire, the training for
our police and our fire, rather than give Barry Bonds a $72,000
tax cut. If everything is a priority, nothing is a priority,
and to me there is no greater priority than homeland security,
you work on it every day, you do a great job. If I didn't feel
so, I would tell you that, you know that.
Mr. Beres. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Pascrell. But, I am telling you, you've got to take it
back to your boss, we've got to have him in front of our
committee again. It's been a long time since he's been here,
Chairman, and we've got to ask him those tough questions. I
realize you can't even answer those questions.
But, when everything is a priority, nothing is a priority.
If this is a priority, if the safety of our public safety
people out there every day, and we thank them all for their
service, if that isn't a priority to us I don't know what is. I
don't know what is.
So, we don't have--do you know how the Federal budget was
cut? Tell everybody here how much the Federal budget was cut,
in terms of homeland security, the bottom line.
Mr. Beres. The programs that I administer----
Mr. Pascrell. No, not just what you administer, the bottom
line budget.
Mr. Beres. I'm not sure what the total bottom line budget
on all of homeland security is in that number, but the amount
of dollars that we ended up being appropriated was $500 million
less for the Homeland Security Grant Program.
Mr. Pascrell. $1.4 billion less when you add in all the----
Now, let me ask you this final question, Mr. Chairman, if I
will, are we less vulnerable and less at risk now, and is that
why we cut those budgets?
Mr. Beres. I don't think we are less at risk, no.
Mr. Pascrell. I have no further questions.
Mr. Reichert. Thank you, Mr. Pascrell.
Mr. Dent.
Mr. Dent. Thank you.
Mr. Gramm, I'm just curious to hear your comments on what
some of your members are doing. I know in New York, for
example, CitiBank has an enormous security operation. I believe
they may be the largest private sector employer in the City of
New York, and I was just curious, you know, how you feel the
level of interaction is between various major businesses in
this region with the Homeland Security and public sector
officials who are charged with keeping us safe.
Mr. Gramm. Yes, and a lot of our businesses, based on their
experience in New York, have gotten very, very aggressive and
professional at the level of security and health concern kind
of things that they are providing for their employees to
protect the business, as part of the business continuity plans.
We started out in New Jersey with some of those companies
that have offices both in New York and New Jersey, and the
initiation of the Business Force concept started with our
meeting with state officials and the Attorney General's office,
the Governor's office, Department of Health, New Jersey State
Police, and asked them specifically what kinds of things did
they see the private sector being involved with that could be
helpful in the development of an effective partnership.
They gave us certain things to do. We went out and our
member companies in New Jersey are about 30, 32, and those
companies funded initiatives, both in staff, and development of
software, and processes and procedures, and then tested those
out, and we are now in a position where we are ready to roll a
lot of those things out through our members to the entire
business community.
So, the partnership is a growing one, and especially these
days in light of pandemic flu, that this is getting a lot of
attention from our Public Health officials, developing that
partnership with the private sector companies, in order to help
with things like distribution of medications.
Mr. Dent. With respect to pandemic flu, do you notice that
a lot of your members are stockpiling kamma flu and other
antivirals or vaccines?
Mr. Gramm. Not a lot at this point in time, but it is a
consideration that's been talked about, yes.
Mr. Dent. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
I yield back, have no further questions.
Mr. Reichert. Well, I want to thank the witnesses, and I
just want to comment, when I was the Sheriff I had the
opportunity to sit on the panel and be quizzed by what we call
in King County the County Council Members, and they are
called--what are they called here--freeholders, and sometimes
the freeholders or the County Council Members or Commissioners,
in some areas of the country where there can be--they can offer
some pressing questions. And so, when you are sitting over in
this seat sometimes it can get hot. Some of you may have been
in that position before, I just want to say thank you for being
here, because I know sometimes you have tough questions to
answer, but as Mr. Pascrell said, we appreciate you being here,
we appreciate the service that you provide to our country and
to our communities across the country, and good job.
Thank you. Thank you all for being here, and without
further objection this ends our hearing.
[Whereupon, the subcommittee was adjourned].