[House Hearing, 106 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
MARK-UP ON H.RES. 292, A RESOLUTION EXPRESSING THE SENSE OF THE HOUSE
OF REPRESENTATIVES REGARDING THE REFERENDUM IN EAST TIMORE, CALLING ON
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA TO ASSIST IN THE TERMINATION OF THE CURRENT
CIVIL UNREST AND VIOLENCE IN EAST TIMORE, AND SUPPORTING A UNITED
NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL-ENDORSED MULTINATIONAL FORCE FOR EAST TIME
=======================================================================
MARKUP
BEFORE THE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
OF THE
COMMITTEE ON
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
ON
__________
H.Res. 292
__________
SEPTEMBER 15, 1999
__________
Serial No. 106-56
__________
Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
59-861 CC WASHINGTON : 1999
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402
COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York, Chairman
WILLIAM F. GOODLING, Pennsylvania SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut
JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California
HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois HOWARD L. BERMAN, California
DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York
CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American
DAN BURTON, Indiana Samoa
ELTON GALLEGLY, California MATTHEW G. MARTINEZ, California
ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey
CASS BALLENGER, North Carolina ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey
DANA ROHRABACHER, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio
DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois CYNTHIA A. McKINNEY, Georgia
EDWARD R. ROYCE, California ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida
PETER T. KING, New York PAT DANNER, Missouri
STEVE CHABOT, Ohio EARL F. HILLIARD, Alabama
MARSHALL ``MARK'' SANFORD, South BRAD SHERMAN, California
Carolina ROBERT WEXLER, Florida
MATT SALMON, Arizona STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey
AMO HOUGHTON, New York JIM DAVIS, Florida
TOM CAMPBELL, California EARL POMEROY, North Dakota
JOHN M. McHUGH, New York WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts
KEVIN BRADY, Texas GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York
RICHARD BURR, North Carolina BARBARA LEE, California
PAUL E. GILLMOR, Ohio JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York
GEORGE P. RADANOVICH, California JOSEPH M. HOEFFEL, Pennsylvania
JOHN COOKSEY, Louisiana
THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado
Richard J. Garon, Chief of Staff
Kathleen Bertelsen Moazed, Democratic Chief of Staff
------
Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific
DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska, Chairman
JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California
DANA ROHRABACHER, California HOWARD L. BERMAN, California
PETER T. KING, New York ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American
MARK SANFORD, South Carolina Samoa
JOHN McHUGH, New York MATTHEW G. MARTINEZ, California
RICHARD BURR, North Carolina SHERROD BROWN, Ohio
PAUL GILLMOR, Ohio ROBERT WEXLER, Florida
DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois JIM DAVIS, Florida
EDWARD R. ROYCE, California EARL POMEROY, North Dakota
JOHN COOKSEY, Louisiana GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York
ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida
Michael P. Ennis, Subcommittee Staff Director
Dr. Robert King, Democratic Professional Staff Member
Matt Reynolds, Counsel
Alicia A. O'Donnell, Staff Associate
C O N T E N T S
----------
APPENDIX
Page
Bill:
H.Res. 292....................................................... 2
MARK-UP ON H.RES. 292, A RESOLUTION EXPRESSING THE SENSE OF THE HOUSE
OF REPRESENTATIVES REGARDING THE REFERENDUM IN EAST TIMORE, CALLING ON
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA TO ASSIST IN THE TERMINATION OF THE CURRENT
CIVIL UNREST AND VIOLENCE IN EAST TIMORE, AND SUPPORTING A UNITED
NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL-ENDORSED MULTINATIONAL FORCE FOR EAST TIME
----------
Wednesday, September 15, 1999
House of Representatives,
Subcommittee on Asia And the Pacific,
Committee on International Relations,
Washington, D.C.
The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 1:20 p.m., in
room 2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Doug Bereuter,
Chairman of the Subcommittee, presiding.
Mr. Bereuter. The Subcommittee meets today in open session
to first consider House Resolution 292, a resolution regarding
the referendum on East Timor and its tragic aftermath, and
supporting a United Nations Security Council-endorced force for
East Timor.
[The exact Bill language of H. Res. 292 follows.]
106th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. RES. 292
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives regarding the
referendum in East Timor, calling on the Government of Indonesia to
assist in the termination of the current civil unrest and violence in
East Timor, and supporting a United Nations Security Council-endorsed
multinational force for East Timor.
______
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
September 14, 1999
Mr. Bereuter (for himself, Mr. Gilman, Mr. Lantos, Mr. Gejdenson, Mr.
Hastings of Florida, Mr. Capuano, Mr. Goss, Mr. Faleomavaega, Mr.
Greenwood, Ms. DeLauro, Mr. Crowley, Mr. Pombo, Mr. Underwood, Mr.
Moran of Virginia, Mr. Bilbray, Mr. Hall of Ohio, Mr. Ackerman, Mr.
Smith of New Jersey, and Mr. Brown of Ohio) submitted the following
resolution; which was referred to the Committee on International
Relations
______
RESOLUTION
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives regarding the
referendum in East Timor, calling on the Government of Indonesia to
assist in the termination of the current civil unrest and violence in
East Timor, and supporting a United Nations Security Council-endorsed
multinational force for East Timor.
Whereas on May 5, 1999, the Governments of Portugal and Indonesia and the
United Nations concluded an historic agreement intended to resolve the
status of East Timor through a popular consultation based upon a universal,
direct, and secret ballot;
Whereas the agreement gave the people of East Timor an opportunity to
accept a proposed special autonomy for East Timor within the unitary
Republic of Indonesia or reject the special autonomy and opt for
independence;
Whereas on August 30, 1999, 98.5 percent of registered voters participated
in a vote on the future of East Timor, and by a vote of 344,580 to 94,388
chose the course of independence;
Whereas after the voting was concluded, violence intensified significantly
in East Timor;
Whereas the declaration by the Government of Indonesia of martial law in
East Timor has failed to quell the violence;
Whereas it has been reported that hundreds of people have been killed and
injured since the violence began in East Timor;
Whereas it has been reported that as many as 200,000 of East Timor's
780,000 residents have been forced to flee East Timor;
Whereas it has been reported that East Timor militias are controlling the
refugee camps in West Timor, intimidating the refugees and denying access
to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, relief agencies, and
other humanitarian nongovernmental organizations;
Whereas it has been reported that a systematic campaign of political
assassinations that has targeted religious, student, and political leaders,
aid workers, and others has taken place;
Whereas the compound of the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)
was besieged and fired upon, access to food, water, and electricity was
intentionally cut off, and UNAMET personnel have been killed, forcing the
closure of UNAMET in East Timor;
Whereas Catholic leaders and lay people have been targeted to be killed and
churches burned in East Timor;
Whereas the international community has called upon the Government of
Indonesia to either take immediate and concrete steps to end the violence
in East Timor or allow a United Nations Security Council-endorsed
multinational force to enter East Timor and restore order;
Whereas on September 9, 1999, the United States suspended all military
relations with Indonesia as a result of the failure to quell the violence
in East Timor; and
Whereas on September 12, 1999, Indonesian President B.J. Habibie announced
that Indonesia would allow a United Nations Security Council-endorsed
multinational force into East Timor: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the House of Representatives--
(1) congratulates the people of East Timor on their exemplary
participation in the August 30, 1999, popular consultation;
(2) commends the professionalism, determination, and courage
of the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) personnel
in support of the August 30, 1999, vote on the future of East
Timor;
(3) recognizes the overwhelming expression of the people of
East Timor in favor of independence from Indonesia;
(4) condemns the violent efforts of East Timor militias and
elements of the Indonesian military to overturn the results of
the August 30, 1999, vote;
(5) notes with grave alarm the failure of the Government of
Indonesia, despite repeated assurances to the contrary, to
guarantee the security of the people of East Timor and further
notes that it is the responsibility of the Government of
Indonesia to restrain elements of the Indonesian military and
paramilitary forces and restore order in East Timor;
(6) calls upon the Government of Indonesia to recognize its
responsibilities as a member of the United Nations and a
signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to
cooperate with appropriate United Nations authorities in the
restoration of order in East Timor;
(7) urges the Government of Indonesia to allow unrestricted
access to refugees and displaced persons in West Timor and to
guarantee their safety;
(8) calls upon the Government of Indonesia to hold
accountable those responsible for the violence and human rights
abuses and atrocities in East Timor;
(9) notes with approval the decision of the United States to
suspend military relations with, and the sale of any military
weapons or equipment to, the Government of Indonesia until
order is effectively restored;
(10) expresses approval of Indonesia's belated decision to
allow a United Nations Security Council-endorsed multinational
force into East Timor and strongly urges Indonesia to accept
the rapid deployment of this force and to cooperate fully
without preconditions on the composition and deployment of this
force;
(11) expresses support for a rapid and effective deployment
throughout East Timor of the United Nations Security Council-
endorsed multinational force;
(12) urges that the United States consider additional
measures to end the current civil unrest and violence in East
Timor, including the suspension of bilateral and international
financial assistance (except for humanitarian assistance and
assistance designed to promote the development of democratic
institutions) to the Government of Indonesia until such time as
it has demonstrated cooperation with respect to the deployment
of a multinational force in East Timor and such force is fully
deployed, UNAMET is fully operational in East Timor, refugees
and displaced persons are able to return to East Timor safely,
and order and respect for human rights are restored in East
Timor;
(13) expresses approval of United States logistical and other
technical support for deployment of a multinational force for
East Timor;
(14) commends Australia for its readiness to lead the
multinational force for East Timor and welcomes the
participation of other nations in this force;
(15) urges the Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly to
expeditiously ratify the vote of August 30, 1999, in East Timor
and to otherwise speed the transition to full independence for
East Timor; and
(16) recognizes that an effective United States foreign
policy for this region requires both an effective near-term
response to the ongoing violence in, and progress toward
independence for, East Timor and a long-term strategy for
supporting stability, security, and democracy in Indonesia and
East Timor.
The Clerk will report the resolution.
The Clerk. H.R. 292, expressing the sense of the House of
Representatives regarding the referendum in East Timor, calling
on the Government of Indonesia to assist in the termination of
the current civil unrest and violence in East Timor, and
supporting a United Nations Security Council-endorsed
multinational force for East Timor.
Mr. Bereuter. Without objection, further reading of the
resolution will be dispensed with, printed in the record in
full, and open for amendment. Before we begin the formal
process of considering this resolution, I have just a few
comments. I will then recognize the Ranking Member and other
Members of the Subcommittee, if they wish to be heard, and any
Member of the Full Committee for any brief comments they wish
to make. I do, however, remind my colleagues that we do have
two panels ready to testify for our hearing on Taiwan and that
we examined the East Timor issue extensively in the
Subcommittee last week. Beyond that, I think we are intending
to mark this up in Full Committee tomorrow, and I believe at
the moment it is the only item on the agenda.
With that in mind and with the Taiwan hearing awaiting us,
I would say the resolution was introduced only yesterday,
referred to the Asia Pacific Subcommittee, sponsored by myself;
the distinguished Chairman of the International Relations
Committee, Mr. Gilman; the distinguished Ranking Democrat
Member of the Subcommittee, Mr. Lantos; the Ranking Democratic
Member of the Full Committee, Mr. Gejdenson; and other Members
of the Committee, including Mr. Hastings, Mr. Smith of New
Jersey, Mr. Faleomavaega, Mr. Ackerman, and Mr. Brown of Ohio,
as well as other members on both sides of the aisle.
Since the election on August 30th in East Timor, in which
an overwhelming 78 percent-plus of the population voted against
the autonomous position and, in effect, then for a pro-
independence vote, this territory has been enveloped by
violence and mayhem as pro-integration militia and elements of
the Indonesian military have sought to overturn the people's
choice for independence through cold-blooded killings, massive
destruction of infrastructure and property, and the forced
dislocation of innocent East Timor people. I think the
International Relations Committee, and certainly this Member of
the Committee, believes this must stop.
Despite repeated assurance to the contrary, the Indonesian
Government has failed miserably in its responsibilities to
guarantee the security of the people of East Timor. Only now,
very belatedly and under duress from significant international
pressure, has the Indonesian Government accepted a United
Nations Security Council-endorsed multinational force.
I am encouraged that an agreement was reached late last
night in New York for the deployment of the force. Given the
human tragedy in East Timor, this force needs to be deployed as
expeditiously as possible and without any Indonesian
obstructions.
It is now the United Nation's responsibility, in my
judgment, to provide a safe and secure transition beyond that
to independence. Australia should absolutely be commended and
supported in its leadership and willingness to lead this
multilateral force, and the United States should support the
force's deployment with logistical and other technical support.
I was in Australia at the time of the vote and a few days
thereafter met with the Australian defense minister and the
foreign minister and discussed the elections in detail. I just
have to tell you I think the Australians are moving in an
admirable fashion, and I think we should do everything we can
to convey to the Indonesians that we will not tolerate violence
against Australians in Indonesia or in East Timor. They are
doing important work as they have often done for this country
and for the international community.
Less than a week ago, this Subcommittee, meeting jointly
with its Senate Foreign Relations Committee counterpart, held a
very extensive and thorough hearing on the situation in East
Timor and the U.S. reaction to it at that point. We believe we
have covered this situation in depth.
This a bipartisan resolution. It is a product of many with
input from myself, Chairman Gilman, Ranking Members Lantos and
Gejdenson, and the other members listed as cosponsors from this
Subcommittee, plus others, like Mr. Capuano of Massachusetts
and Mr. Goss of Florida.
Indeed, I hope we can move right to the pending resolution
without a lengthy debate and amendatory process, especially
given the need to begin the Taiwan hearing. As I mentioned, we
will be taking this subject up in the Full Committee if the
Subcommittee chooses to act.
I now call on the distinguished Ranking Member of the
Subcommittee, Mr. Lantos, for any comments he might like to
make.
Mr. Lantos. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I will be very brief.
Let me commend you for presenting this resolution, of which I
am pleased to be a cosponsor. I think it is important to
underscore that this is a bipartisan resolution enjoying broad
support in the Committee, and I am sure in the House.
Let me also say one additional thing: it seems to me that
with Kosovo earlier this year and with Timor at the moment, it
is long overdue for Members of this body and for the
Administration to understand that human rights issues are not
peripheral, accidental marginal issues in the field of U.S.
foreign policy. But as it has been demonstrated in the case of
Kosovo, which could have been prevented years ago had the
Western world displayed strength and determination to protect
the human rights of Kosovar Albanians, had the western world
demonstrated strength and commitment with respect to the human
rights of the Catholic Timorese, we would not be in this
situation.
I would merely like to make a plea, both to my colleagues
and to the Administration, to recognize that on issue after
issue, we are confronted with major crisis involving, as in the
case of Kosovo, large-scale military action, because at an
embryonic stage of the conflict, the human rights concerns were
swept under the rug, remained unaddressed, and viewed as
peripheral concerns of do-gooders in the Congress of the United
States. This has become--and it will be even more so in the
21st century--a central issue in the conduct of U.S. foreign
policy.
It will have to be a central issue in the conduct of NATO's
affairs, and it will have to be central to the conduct of the
foreign policy of all civilized nations. It is easy to dismiss
the persecution of the Bahai in Iran as a small religious group
about which we know little, and then realize that sooner or
later the problem escalates and mushrooms and steps will need
to be taken.
While I am very pleased to cosponsor this resolution, which
I think will be voted overwhelmingly by our colleagues in the
House, it is important to go behind the resolution per se and
not to look at Kosovo and East Timor as two distinct separate
unrelated problems, one in the Balkans, the other in Southeast
Asia. They both came about because the civilized world with the
military capability chose to look away early on. It did not
deal with the issue early on. Pressure should have been put on
the Indonesian government a long time ago not to allow this
outrage to unfold. Pressure should have been put on Milosevic
in 1991 not to allow the Kosovo situation to get out of hand.
Now with the example of these two cases in very different
parts of the world, I hope there will be a willingness to look
for a pattern. The pattern is there, in an age of instantaneous
mass communication, such outrages as the one in Kosovo and the
one in East Timor are not tolerated by the civilized community.
Therefore, governments are forced into action. If we want to
prevent military action, we have to deal with human rights
violations early on.
I strongly again commend you, Mr. Chairman, for crafting
this resolution.
Mr. Bereuter. Thank you very much, Mr. Lantos. I was
disturbed by remarks made by a senior member of the
Administration that--and I think I should comment briefly on
that--it is not in the middle of Europe; and, therefore, we
should be more reluctant to become involved. I will not specify
that person, but I think it reinforces all the wrong
perceptions that we are Eurocentric in our views. What happens
in Asia is just as important to Americans--our national
interests and our concern about human rights--as what happens
in the center of Europe. I think we might have bipartisan
support for that. We will go on and let this Subcommittee
stand, with that kind of view.
Are there other Members who wish to discuss the East Timor
resolution?
Chairman Gilman is recognized.
Mr. Gilman. I just want to commend Chairman Bereuter for
bringing this measure up in a timely manner. We are all
concerned about the violations of human rights and hostility
that is taking place in East Timor, and I think adopting this
resolution at this time is certainly appropriate and hopefully
will help bring peace to that part of the world.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Bereuter. Thank you, Chairman Gilman. Mr. Faleomavaega.
Mr. Faleomavaega. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I do commend you
and certainly am honored to be a cosponsor of this resolution.
Mr. Chairman, although the Timorese struggle for self-
determination has received much publicity, I would submit that
scant attention has been paid to the people of West Papua New
Guinea, who have similarly struggled to throw off the yoke of
Indonesian colonialism. Like East Timor, Indonesia military
forces took West New Guinea by force in 1963. In a pathetic
episode, the United Nations in 1969 sanctioned a fraudulent
referendum, where only 1,000 delegates, hand picked and paid
off by Indonesia, were permitted to participate in this so-
called independence vote. The rest of the over 800,000 West
Papua New Guinea people absolutely had no voice in the
undemocratic process.
Like East Timor, where 200,000 East Timorese were massacred
and killed, at that military takeover by the Indonesian
military, this was even before the struggle that these people
have taken for 24 years now, Mr. Chairman, the Indonesian
military had been brutal just as much. Reports estimate that
between 100,000 to 300,000 West Papua and New Guineans have
died or simply vanished in the hands of the Indonesian
military.
Mr. Chairman, while we search for justice and peace in East
Timor, I submit we should not forget the violent tragedy that
continues to play on West Papua and New Guinea at this time.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Bereuter. I thank the gentleman for his statement. Are
there other members who wish to be heard on the East Timor
resolution?
The gentleman from California, Mr. Rohrabacher is
recognized.
Mr. Rohrabacher. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of this
resolution, and I would like to associate myself with the
remarks of Mr. Lantos, who again presented to us a very
thoughtful analysis of some of the basic decisions that we have
to make in foreign policy.
Let me just say that Mr. Lantos' remarks in suggesting that
if we do not heed people's human rights and the issues of those
human rights that we have to pay a penalty later on in terms of
military action I think is correct. I think that where that is
most demonstrable, however, is in our policy toward the
mainland of China. I will say when you are talking about Tibet
and you are talking about the persecution in East Turkestan and
the overall human rights situation with different religious
groups that are being oppressed and other organizations in
communist China, we will pay a price if we do not stands up for
the principles which our Founding Fathers believed America was
all about.
I do support that. In the case of East Timor, for many
years we did close our eyes to that, and perhaps some of these
other abuses that Congressman Faleomavaega just detailed. The
cold war is over. It is time for the United States to realize
we don't need to close our eyes to human rights abuses because
of some strategic fight with the Soviet Union. That was
something we had to consider in the past. But now it is time
for America to return to its democratic roots and to those
fundamentals that make America and the United States of America
a different place than other countries of the world. Our
country was founded on these principles of liberty and justice,
and I think it must play a role in our decisions in foreign
policy.
I am very proud to be part of this resolution on East
Timor. But one final thought, Mr. Chairman, and that is because
we do stand for human rights and democracy and justice does not
mean we are the policemen of the world. It does not mean we
have to send our troops in and expend our treasury and our
blood in every part of the world where tyranny threatens
innocent people. But instead we should at least be willing to
help those people struggle for themselves. In the case of
Kosovo, we didn't bother to support the people of Kosovo over
the years when they could have fought their own battle, and
eventually we had to send our troops in. The same with Bosnia.
Let me say in terms of East Timor, I support this
resolution because the United States is not the lead player in
this intervention for democracy. As should be the case, local
and regional powers are committing their troops, and the United
States is there in a support role, rather than having to play
the lead role and rather than be the one that has to put out
all the money.
So as far as I am concerned, this East Timor example of
what we are doing now is a good example of what we should be
doing, and that is supporting regional powers like Australia,
as we should have done in the case of Kosovo, supporting the
Europeans, rather than trying to play the lead role.
With that--I think with a policy like that we will have the
support of the American people. If we try to be the policemen
of the world and try to be the one that is going to take on the
expense for these problems all over the world, I don't think
the American people will bear that burden very long.
Thank you very much.
Mr. Bereuter. Thank you, Mr. Rohrabacher. I like the new
rapport and cohesion in the California delegation here. I would
like to say on the latter that is one of the reasons I think
Australia and New Zealand, the Philippines, and Malaysia are
coming forth and being willing to pick up their load. It is a
good example for Africa; it is a good example for Europe and
elsewhere in the world.
The gentleman from New York, Mr. Ackerman, is recognized.
Mr. Ackerman. I am glad you guys can find common ground,
albeit so far away.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Mr. Lantos, for expediting this
matter before the Subcommittee.
Mr. Chairman, the world has watched in horror as militias
supported by the Indonesian armed forces and members of the
armed forces themselves have ravaged through East Timor
following the vote for independence.
What the world is witnessing, Mr. Chairman, is the abject
failure of the government of Indonesia to abide by the
commitment it made to the international community to allow the
referendum and to provide security before, during and after the
voting. It is now well past time for the international
community to intervene in East Timor.
I support the resolution we are considering today, and I am
proud to be a cosponsor. I agree that we should suspend
military assistance to Indonesia and that we should consider
suspending economic assistance until such time as a United
Nations force is fully deployed.
In addition, Mr. Chairman, I think the international
community should look seriously at the refugee camps being set
up on the border in West Timor. We should work to ensure that
these camps do not become cross-border bases of operation for
those militias who would deny the East Timorese their
independence.
I commend the Chairman and Mr. Lantos for their work on the
resolution, and I urge our colleagues to support it.
Mr. Bereuter. Is there further discussion and are there
amendments?
Seeing none, the question now is on consideration on
agreeing to the resolution. As many as are in favor will say
aye; as many opposed, no.
The ayes have it; the resolution is agreed to. Without
objection, the staff is authorized to make technical,
grammatical, and conforming changes to the text just agreed to.
[Whereupon, at 1:40 p.m., the Subcommittee was adjourned.]