[House Hearing, 106 Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]




 
      DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION,
              AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR 2000
                 DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
               SERVICES, EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES
                        APPROPRIATIONS FOR 2000

_______________________________________________________________________

                                HEARINGS

                                BEFORE A

                           SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE

                       COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                         HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                       ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS
                              FIRST SESSION
                                ________
  SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, 
                    EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES
                 JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Illinois, Chairman
 C. W. BILL YOUNG, Florida              DAVID R. OBEY, Wisconsin       
 HENRY BONILLA, Texas                   STENY H. HOYER, Maryland
 ERNEST J. ISTOOK, Jr., Oklahoma        NANCY PELOSI, California
 DAN MILLER, Florida                    NITA M. LOWEY, New York
 JAY DICKEY, Arkansas                   ROSA L. DeLAURO, Connecticut
 ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi           JESSE L. JACKSON, Jr., Illinois
 ANNE M. NORTHUP, Kentucky
 RANDY ``DUKE'' CUNNINGHAM, 
California                             
                          
 NOTE: Under Committee Rules, Mr. Young, as Chairman of the Full 
Committee, and Mr. Obey, as Ranking Minority Member of the Full 
Committee, are authorized to sit as Members of all Subcommittees.
  S. Anthony McCann, Robert L. Knisely, Carol Murphy, Susan Ross Firth,
                and Francine Salvador, Subcommittee Staff
                                ________
                                 PART 4A

                      NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

                              

                                ________
         Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations
                                ________
                     U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
 56-669                     WASHINGTON : 1999





                      COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                   C. W. BILL YOUNG, Florida, Chairman

 RALPH REGULA, Ohio                     DAVID R. OBEY, Wisconsin
 JERRY LEWIS, California                JOHN P. MURTHA, Pennsylvania
 JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Illinois           NORMAN D. DICKS, Washington
 HAROLD ROGERS, Kentucky                MARTIN OLAV SABO, Minnesota
 JOE SKEEN, New Mexico                  JULIAN C. DIXON, California
 FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia                STENY H. HOYER, Maryland
 TOM DeLAY, Texas                       ALAN B. MOLLOHAN, West Virginia
 JIM KOLBE, Arizona                     MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio
 RON PACKARD, California                NANCY PELOSI, California
 SONNY CALLAHAN, Alabama                PETER J. VISCLOSKY, Indiana
 JAMES T. WALSH, New York               NITA M. LOWEY, New York
 CHARLES H. TAYLOR, North Carolina      JOSE E. SERRANO, New York
 DAVID L. HOBSON, Ohio                  ROSA L. DeLAURO, Connecticut
 ERNEST J. ISTOOK, Jr., Oklahoma        JAMES P. MORAN, Virginia
 HENRY BONILLA, Texas                   JOHN W. OLVER, Massachusetts
 JOE KNOLLENBERG, Michigan              ED PASTOR, Arizona
 DAN MILLER, Florida                    CARRIE P. MEEK, Florida
 JAY DICKEY, Arkansas                   DAVID E. PRICE, North Carolina
 JACK KINGSTON, Georgia                 CHET EDWARDS, Texas
 RODNEY P. FRELINGHUYSEN, New Jersey    ROBERT E. ``BUD'' CRAMER, Jr., 
 ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi           Alabama
 MICHAEL P. FORBES, New York            JAMES E. CLYBURN, South Carolina
 GEORGE R. NETHERCUTT, Jr.,             MAURICE D. HINCHEY, New York
Washington                              LUCILLE ROYBAL-ALLARD, California
 RANDY ``DUKE'' CUNNINGHAM,             SAM FARR, California
California                              JESSE L. JACKSON, Jr., Illinois
 TODD TIAHRT, Kansas                    CAROLYN C. KILPATRICK, Michigan
 ZACH WAMP, Tennessee                   ALLEN BOYD, Florida               
 TOM LATHAM, Iowa
 ANNE M. NORTHUP, Kentucky
 ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama
 JO ANN EMERSON, Missouri
 JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire
 KAY GRANGER, Texas
 JOHN E. PETERSON, Pennsylvania     

                 James W. Dyer, Clerk and Staff Director

                                  (ii)




                            C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              

                               LABOR/HHS
                               VOLUME 4A

                                                                   Page
NIH--Overview....................................................     1
National Cancer Institute........................................   389
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.   719
National Human Genome Research Institute.........................   837
National Institute on Dental and Craniofacial Research...........   915
National Library of Medicine.....................................   991
National Institute on Child Health and Human Development.........  1053
National Institute of General Medical Sciences...................  1159
Fogarty International Center.....................................  1221
National Institute on Drug Abuse.................................  1279
National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism...............  1369

                                 (iii)



[TEXT NOT AVAILABLE.  SEE COMMITTEE FOR FULL TEXT.]





                           W I T N E S S E S

                              ----------                              
                                                                   Page
Alexander, Dr. Duane.............................................  1053
Baldwin, Dr. Wendy...............................................     1
Battey, J.F......................................................   719
Burgess, E.S.....................................................   837
Bursenos, S.J....................................................  1221
Cassman, Dr. Marvin..............................................  1159
Collins, Dr. F.S.................................................   837
Coy George.......................................................   915
duBuy, Y.H.......................................................   915
Dufour, M.C......................................................  1369
Fried, A.D.......................................................  1053
Gordis, Enoch....................................................  1369
Gottesman, Dr. Michael...........................................     1
Haseltine, Dr. F.P...............................................  1053
Hodgkins, G.E....................................................  1159
Hudson, Dr. K.L..................................................   837
Humphreys, B.L...................................................   991
Itteilag, Anthony................................................     1
Jones, D.M.......................................................  1279
Jordan, Dr. Elke.................................................   837
Keusch, Dr. G.T..................................................  1221
Kirschstein, Dr. Ruth............................................     1
Klausner, R.D....................................................   389
Kleinman, Dr. Dushanka...........................................   915
Leasure, C.E., Jr................................................   837
Leshner, Dr. A.I.................................................  1279
Levine, S.U......................................................   991
Lindberg, Dr. D.A.B..............................................   991
Lipman, Dr. D.J..................................................   991
Little, Francine.................................................     1
Long, Stephen....................................................  1369
Luecke, D.H......................................................   719
Maddox, Dr. Y.T..................................................  1053
Miller, Richard..................................................  1221
Millstein, R.A...................................................  1279
O'Quinn, Derwood.................................................   719
Pine, Martha.....................................................  1159
Richardson, C.M..................................................  1369
Rosenthal, L.S...................................................  1279
Shafer, Dr. W.S..................................................  1159
Slavkin, Dr. Harold..............................................   915
Smith, K.A.......................................................   991
Sparks, P.T......................................................   719
Trusty, M.K......................................................  1369
Varmus, Dr. Harold..1, 719, 837, 915, 991, 1053, 1159, 1221, 1279, 1369
William, D.P........1, 719, 837, 915, 991, 1053, 1159, 1221, 1279, 1369


                               I N D E X

                              ----------                              

                 National Institutes of Health Overview

                                                                   Page
Accomplishments..................................................     2
Administrative Structure and Cost................................    72
AIDS Research....................................................    98
Annual Physicals.................................................   100
Autoimmune Research..............................................   139
Basic Cellular Compounds in Treatment............................   165
Bioterrorism.....................................................   134
Budget:
    AIDS Funding.................................................    92
    Allocation of Funds..........................................    91
    Request......................................................    63
Direct Reimbursements............................................   103
Director's Discretionary Fund....................................   113
Disease Funding..................................................   142
Disease Spending.................................................   117
Doubling of Funds................................................   190
FY 2000 Budget Request...........................................   110
Indirect Costs...................................................   105
NIH Budget....................................................... 2, 90
OMB Request......................................................   187
President's Budget Request.......................................    58
Rates of Inflation...............................................   118
Support for NIH..................................................    93
Cancer:
    Breast Cancer Funding........................................   254
    Prostate Cancer Research.....................................   144
Cardiovascular Research..........................................   183
Clinical:
    Behavioral Research..........................................    62
    Research....................................................97, 247
    Trial Research...............................................    61
    Trials.......................................................   136
Committees Funded in FY'98.......................................   131
Construction:
    Construction.................................................   106
    Extramural Construction......................................   246
Coordination of Engineering and Science..........................    85
CSR Reorganization...............................................   135
Data Access:
    Data Access..................................................   189
    Data Access Regulations......................................   175
Diabetes:
    Diabetes..............................................159, 183, 252
    Diabetes Research...........................................80, 140
    Diabetes Research Working Group Report.......................    82
Energy Use And Waste.............................................   137
Excerpt from Dr. Sullivan's Memo.................................    83
Fetal Tissue Research............................................   179
Food Safety Initiative...........................................   110
FTE Levels.......................................................   107
Full Time Equivalent FY 1990-FY 1999.............................   113
Future of Health Care Systems....................................    64
Grants:
    Grant Awards.................................................   104
    IDeA/EPSCoR..................................................   149
    Liability Insurance and Research Grants......................    68
    NIH Grants...................................................    67
    Number of Applications.......................................   117
    Success Rates..............................................104, 120
Health Care Funding..............................................    88
Human Embryo/Stem Cell Research..................................   175
Information Technology...........................................   109
Introduction of Witnesses........................................     1
IOM Report on Cancer in Ethnic Communities.......................    75
Justification of the FY 2000 Budget Estimates....................   258
Managed Care & Clinical Research.................................   108
Managed Care And Clinical Trials.................................   188
Management Audit.................................................   241
Managing FY 1999 Increase........................................     4
Mouse Genome.....................................................   107
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.......   101
National Debt....................................................   100
National Eye Institute...........................................   138
Needle Exchange..................................................   251
NIEHS:
    NIEHS........................................................    99
    Environmental Health.........................................    99
OAR..............................................................   137
Obesity Prevention...............................................   108
ONDCP............................................................   106
Opening Statement................................................     6
Other Areas of Research..........................................   244
Outreach:
    Getting Information to the Public............................   187
    Public Education............................................70, 116
    Public/Private Partnership...................................   120
    Public's Perception of NIH...................................    63
    Ovarian Cancer Research......................................    70
Peer Review Process............................................161, 174
Polycystic Kidney Disease........................................   257
Priority Setting:
    Determining Priorities.......................................   242
    Priority Setting........................................73, 86, 155
Quality of Life for Older Americans..............................   249
Reducing Health Disparities......................................    74
Regulatory Burden................................................    64
Research Centers.................................................   105
Revision of Circular A-110.......................................    84
RMS..............................................................   115
Stem Cell Research:
    Stem Cell Research.......................................59, 65, 97
    Stem Cell Research & the Embryo Research Ban.................   254
Studies on Inositol..............................................   163
Transplantation Research.........................................    69
Y2K Funding......................................................   134

                       National Cancer Institute

Advances in Cancer Treatment and Prevention....................389, 394
Advances Through Clinical Trials.................................   487
AIDS:
    AIDS and Cancer Patients.....................................   470
    AIDS and Cancer Research Balance.............................   470
    AIDS and Cancer Research Funding.............................   470
Angiogenesis.....................................................   430
Arsenic..........................................................   447
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplants...............................   473
Benefits of Proton Beam Therapy..................................   419
Biobehaviorial Aspects of Tobacco Use............................   436
Blood Tests For Early Cancer Detection...........................   488
Breast Cancer:
    Breast Cancer Markers........................................   495
    Breast Cancer Supplemental Funds.............................   496
    Breast Implant After Mastectomy..............................   455
    Finding Blood Markers for Breast Cancer......................   418
    Frontiers in Breast Cancer Research..........................   417
Breast Implant Rupture Rates.....................................   455
Cancer Cube....................................................434, 451
Cancer Centers and Spores........................................   413
Cancer Centers Program...........................................   471
Cancer Centers to be Funded......................................   447
Cancer Genome Anatomy Project..................................412, 451
Cancer Research Training Award Program...........................   444
Centers of Excellence in Therapeutics............................   440
Chemotherapy Resistance..........................................   492
Clarifying Cancer Risk Through Genetic Research..................   415
Coding Research for Scientific Relevance.........................   423
Collaboration with Department of Defense.........................   411
Communicating Research Results...................................   412
Construction.....................................................   445
Consumers in Grant and Contract Reviews..........................   443
Detecting Early Ovarian Cancer...................................   410
Diagnostic Imaging Research Network..............................   454
Differential Response to Therapy.................................   396
Disparities in Minority Health...................................   507
Dopamine and Chemical Relationship to Drugs......................   437
Dopamine Receptors and Nicotine Addition.........................   426
Double the NCI Budget in Five Years..............................   481
Early Detection of Colon Cancer..................................   424
Early Detection Research Network.................................   438
Effective Use of Sunscreen.......................................   416
Environment and Nutrition........................................   417
Esophageal Cancer Drugs........................................417, 491
Esophageal Cancer Rates..........................................   491
Funding for Cancer Causation Research............................   414
Grants Payline...................................................   427
Growth of Cancer Funding Levels..................................   415
Human Papilloma Virus............................................   429
Hydroxyurea in Treating Sickle Cell Anemia.......................   447
Improving Cancer Detection.....................................391, 399
Introduction of Witnesses........................................   389
Justification of FY 2000 Budget Estimates........................   528
Lymphoma.........................................................   523
Lymphoma Research Agenda.........................................   525
Lymphoma Research Workshop.......................................   525
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Thermal Effects....................   454
Mechanism Table with AIDS Funding................................   446
National Plan for Prostate Cancer Research.......................   409
New Initiatives in 1999..........................................   391
New Efforts in 1999..............................................   400
Office of Research on Minority Health............................   523
Optimizing Therapy...............................................   390
Ovarian Clinical Trials..........................................   413
Pediatric Research...............................................   474
Priority Setting...............................................463, 484
Progress Review Groups...........................................   432
Prophylactic Oophorectomy........................................   422
Prophylactic Mastectomy..........................................   421
Prostate Cancer:
    Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials..............................   462
    Prostate Cancer Funding......................................   456
    Prostate Cancer Rates........................................   480
    Prostate Cancer Research Increases...........................   456
    Prostate Cancer Research Initiatives.........................   456
Proton Beam Therapy..............................................   418
Reimbursemnet of Medical Care in Clinical Trials.................   424
Research Into Childhood Cancers..................................   449
Rising Incidence of Lymphoma and Melanoma........................   415
Scientific Information System....................................   442
Scientific Information System Use in Other Institutes............   443
Skin Cancer and Phototherapy.....................................   469
Skin Cancer Research.............................................   466
Smoking Rates....................................................   425
SPORE for Ovarian Cancer.........................................   493
SPORE Grants.....................................................   431
SPORE RFA........................................................   494
SPORE Program....................................................   432
Staff and Funding for Intramural Research........................   453
The Unequal Burden of Cancer.....................................   422
Tobacco:
    Tobacco Research Implementation Plan.........................   442
    Tobacco and Lung Cancer......................................   478
    Tobacco and Nicotine.........................................   420
    Tobacco Related Research.....................................   440
Unequal Burden of Cancer.........................................   499
Update on Colorectal Cancer......................................   423
Uses of Additional Funds.........................................   409
Vaccines For Melanoma And Colon Cancer: Collaboration............   489
Vaccines For Melanoma And Colon Cancer: Progress.................   490

    National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders

Autism Research..................................................   790
Balance Control Research.........................................   788
Bioengineering...................................................   735
Budget Mechanism.................................................   792
Clinical Research................................................   736
Clinical Trials..................................................   737
Cochlear Implants................................................   787
Collaboration with NICHD.........................................   795
Dysphonia Research...............................................   797
Early Identification of Hearing Impairment................734, 791, 799
Early Signs of Communication Disorders...........................   798
Funding for Selected Areas.......................................   791
Grant Review Working Group.......................................   793
Intervention for Children with Disabilities......................   799
Introduction of Witnesses........................................   719
Justification of Budget Estimates................................   801
National Research and Training Centers...........................   796
NIDCD-NASA-VA Initiative.........................................   790
Opening Statement................................................   719
Specific Language Impairment.....................................   787
Stuttering Research..............................................   796
Accelerating Timetable.........................................846, 864
Accuracy of Private Companies' Sequence..........................   864
AIDS Vaccine.....................................................   870
Birth Defects Research...........................................   867
Breast Cancer Research...........................................   862
Budget Mechanism Table.........................................877, 878
C. Elegans Sequenced...........................................840, 841
Center for Inherited Disease Research............................   875
Diabetes Research................................................   863
Different Sequencing Strategies..................................   857
Different Core Missions..........................................   859
DNA Sequencing Chip..............................................   860
Five-Year Plan...................................................   844
Fruit Fly Genome Collaboration...................................   860
Genetics of Nephropathy..........................................   880
Genome Sequencing at the Forefront...............................   850
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)....................   854
Hemophilia Research..............................................   869
Human Gene Mutations.............................................   874
Human Genome Project Progress..................................845, 847
Implications for Individuals and Society.........................   852
Interdisciplinary Research.......................................   876
Introduction of Witness..........................................   837
Justification of the FY 2000 Budget Estimates....................   881
New Research Centers.............................................   879
Opening Statement of the Director................................   850
Oral Remarks.....................................................   837
Other Goals of Human Genome Project............................848, 865
Ovarian Center--New Markers......................................   865
Power Tools......................................................   838
Private Sector Collaboration.....................................   848
Private Sector Report............................................   855
Progress In Human Genetics Research..............................   852
Prostate Cancer:
    Research Example.............................................   838
    Research Revisited...........................................   849
Protection Against Discrimination................................   861
Secretarial Advisory Committee on Genetic Testing................   874
Selling Iceland's Genetic Code...................................   871
Sequencing Other Genomes.........................................   879
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms..................................   875
Students Excited About Science...................................   868
Time Spent In Laboratory.........................................   868
Bioceramic Materials.............................................   933
Biomimetics......................................................   933
Biomimetics and Tissue Engineering...............................   938
Birth Defects....................................................   952
Bone Clinic......................................................   940
Burden of Disease................................................   916
Cardiovascular Disease...........................................   950
Caries:
    Caries Vaccine Development...................................   917
    Dental Caries................................................   943
    Early Childhood Caries.......................................   948
Cancer:
    Genetics of Oral Cancer......................................   918
    Head and Throat Cancer.......................................   954
    Justification of FY 2000 Budget Estimates....................   957
    Oral Cancer..................................................   934
    Oral Cancer Centers..........................................   937
Centers of Discovery.............................................   937
Consensus Conference.............................................   937
Dental Care, Compensation for....................................   934
DNA Microarray Analysis..........................................   917
Funding Mechanism................................................   938
Genes for Human Facial Syndromes.................................   916
Gum Disease in Diabetics.........................................   948
Institute's Name Change..........................................   949
Introduction of Witnesses........................................   915
Minority Health..................................................   945
New Era of Therapeutics..........................................   918
Opening Statement................................................   915
Oral and Systemic Diseases.......................................   953
Oral Candidiasis.................................................   917
Patient Advocacy Groups..........................................   944
Plantibodies.....................................................   933
Public Health Education..........................................   944
Recent Discoveries...............................................   941
Witness List.....................................................   915
Women's Health...................................................   955

                      National Library of Medicine

Computers and Patient Care.......................................  1000
Consumer Health Information......................................  1016
Data Access Study................................................  1011
Funding Mechanism................................................  1013
High Performance Computing.......................................  1006
Information Access...............................................  1001
Information Technology for the 21st Century......................  1014
Internet Connections.............................................  1011
Introduction of Witnesses........................................   991
Isolated Areas and Information...................................  1021
Joint Working Group on Telemedicine..............................  1006
Justification of the FY 2000 Budget Estimate.....................  1022
Librarian Training...............................................  1012
National Network of Libraries of Medicine........................  1003
Next Generation Internet.........................................  1007
Online Searches..................................................  1002
Opening Statement..............................................991, 994
Outreach.........................................................  1018
Scanning of Books................................................   999
Space Requirements...........................................1003, 1015
Staffing Levels..................................................  1003
Telemedicine Expansion in Underserved Areas......................  1003
Telemedicine Projects............................................  1005
Trained Biomedical Data Managers.................................  1006

        National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Adoption.........................................................  1073
Autism Research..................................................  1080
Budget Including AIDS............................................  1087
Children in Clinical Trials......................................  1084
Collaborations with the Department of Education, Office of 
  Educational Research...........................................  1092
Contraceptive Research...........................................  1094
D.C. Public Schools Literacy Program.............................  1071
D.C. Reading Intervention Project Program........................  1091
Diabetes Research............................................1089, 1095
E. Coli 0157 Vaccine.........................................1070, 1085
E. Coli in Cattle................................................  1071
Endometriosis....................................................  1084
Environmental Links to Childhood Disease.........................  1093
Funding for Research Centers.....................................  1079
Funding for Selected Research Areas..............................  1079
FY 2000 Budget Justification.....................................  1096
Juvenile Diabetes................................................  1076
Mandated Research Programs.......................................  1081
Microbicide Research.............................................  1090
National Reading Panel.......................................1077, 1092
New Initiatives..............................................1055, 1059
Opening Statement................................................  1053
Pertussis Vaccine................................................  1074
Reading Development........................1065, 1067, 1069, 1075, 1085
Research:
    Advances.................................................1053, 1054
    Challenges...............................................1054, 1057
    Discoveries..................................................  1058
Risky Behavior...................................................  1068
Science and Ecology of Early Development Project.................  1086
SIDS.........................................................1065, 1089
Statement of the Director........................................  1056
Systemic Sclerosis...............................................  1075
Traumatic Brain Injury...........................................  1086
Urogynecologic Disorders.........................................  1083
Witnesses, Introduction of.......................................  1053
Women's Reproductive Health Centers..............................  1066
Attracting New Scientists To Research............................  1180
Bridges To The Future Program....................................  1180
Budget Mechanism.................................................  1184
High Risk, High Impact Research..................................  1179
Interim Funding..................................................  1184
Introduction Of Witnesses And Opening Statement..................  1159
Justification of FY 2000 Budget Estimates........................  1186
Minority Opportunities In Research...............................  1184
Pain Relief From Adenosine.......................................  1179
Protein Structure Initiative.....................................  1183
Research Training................................................  1178
Training In NIH Intramural Laboratories..........................  1181
Ultraviolet A Damage To Skin.....................................  1178

                      Fogarty International Center

Biodiversity and Ecology of Infectious Diseases..................  1239
Bioprospecting...................................................  1243
Environmental Health Issues......................................  1241
FIC Budget Mechanism Table Including AIDS........................  1245
FIC Extramural Program Funding Including AIDS....................  1245
FIC Leadership Role and Global Influence.........................  1238
Health and Economic Development..................................  1242
Justification of Budget Estimates................................  1248
New FIC Director.................................................  1238
Percentage of FIC RMS of Overall Budget..........................  1247
Status of Lederberg Panel Recommendations........................  1244
Studies on Effects of Environmental Agents.......................  1243
Training Program for Americans...................................  1247
Tuberculosis.....................................................  1240
U.S. Capacity to Influence Global Health.........................  1237

                    National Institute on Drug Abuse

Adult Drug Use...................................................  1295
Anti-Cocaine Medications.........................................  1300
Brain Development................................................  1321
Budget Mechanism.................................................  1307
Buprenorphine....................................................  1309
Cocaine Vaccine..................................................  1310
Disease Screening................................................  1296
Drug Cravings....................................................  1301
Drug Effects.....................................................  1297
Drug Medications.................................................  1299
Drug Prevention..................................................  1325
Economy and Drugs................................................  1295
Emission Tomography..............................................  1306
Genetic Vulnerability............................................  1320
Introduction of Witnesses........................................  1279
Justification of the FY 2000 Budget Estimates....................  1331
Marijuana........................................................  1315
Medical Marijuana............................................1299, 1302
Methadone........................................................  1317
Methadone Treatment..............................................  1312
Methamphetamine Use Initiative...................................  1305
National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network........1319, 1324
Needle Exchange..................................................  1317
NIDA and SAMHSA..................................................  1311
ONDCP............................................................  1325
Opening Statement................................................  1279
Poverty and Drugs................................................  1303
Prevention Trials................................................  1306
Prevention and Treatment.........................................  1298
Prevention and Treatment Progress................................  1301
Public Education.................................................  1294
Relapsing to Drug Use............................................  1322
Research Centers.................................................  1327
SAMHSA Collaboration.............................................  1313
Specialized Centers..............................................  1305
Statement of the Director........................................  1286
Substance Abuse Training.........................................  1321
Television.......................................................  1295
Treatment Manuals................................................  1311
Vulnerability to Addiction.......................................  1308
Workplace Testing................................................  1316

           National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Alcoholism and Domestic Violence.................................  1396
Alcohol Advertising and Use Initiation...........................  1394
Alcohol 101......................................................  1397
Alcoholics Anonymous.............................................  1392
Antioxidants and Liver Disease...................................  1408
Binge Drinking...................................................  1412
Budget Mechanism Table, Including AIDS.......................1402, 1403
College Drinking and Prevention..................................  1374
College Drinking.................................................  1395
Court-Ordered D.U.I. Interventions...............................  1405
Criteria for Alcohol Abuse or Alcoholism.........................  1406
Differential Risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.....................  1404
Drinking Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents...............  1407
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome...........................................  1382
Follow-up Research on Early-Onset Drinking.......................  1411
Genetics...............................................1369, 1379, 1393
Increased Research on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.....................  1410
Information Dissemination........................................  1391
Justification of the FY 2000 Budget Estimates....................  1417
Medication Development...........................................  1374
Medication Pipeline..............................................  1399
Moderate Use of Alcohol..........................................  1414
Molecular Biology................................................  1370
Neuroscience and Medication Development..........................  1380
Neurotransmitters................................................  1374
NIAAA versus NIDA Funding........................................  1388
Opening Statement................................................  1378
Outreach.....................................................1376, 1383
Prevention.......................................................  1380
Public Awareness.................................................  1398
Rental Payments..................................................  1404
Research-to-Practice Forum.......................................  1401
Review of Centers Portfolio......................................  1406
Surgeon General's Initiative on Underage Drinking................  1399
Teen Drinking....................................................  1412
The Statistics of Alcoholism.....................................  1396
Vulnerability to Alcoholism......................................  1390
Why People Stop Drinking.........................................  1392