[Senate Hearing 105-919]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                                                        S. Hrg. 105-919
 
           PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BUILDING CONSOLIDATION

=======================================================================

                                HEARING

                               BEFORE THE

                            SUBCOMMITTEE ON
                   TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

                                 OF THE

                              COMMITTEE ON
                      ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS
                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                       ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS

                             FIRST SESSION

                                   ON

 OVERSIGHT OF THE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION PROPOSED ACQUISITION 
     OF FACILITITES TO HOUSE THE PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, U.S. 
                        DEPARTMENT OF COMMMERCE

                               __________

                           SEPTEMBER 23, 1998

                               __________

  Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Public Works
                               -----------

                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
53-124 cc                   WASHINGTON : 1999

_______________________________________________________________________
            For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 
                                 20402





               COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS

                       ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS

                 JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island, Chairman
JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia             MAX BAUCUS, Montana
ROBERT SMITH, New Hampshire          DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New York
DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Idaho               FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey
JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma            HARRY REID, Nevada
CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming                BOB GRAHAM, Florida
CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri        JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut
TIM HUTCHINSON, Arkansas             BARBARA BOXER, California
WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado               RON WYDEN, Oregon
JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama
                     Jimmie Powell, Staff Director
               J. Thomas Sliter, Minority Staff Director
                              ----------                              

           Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure

                   JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia, Chairman
ROBERT SMITH, New Hampshire          MAX BAUCUS, Montana
DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Idaho               DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New York
CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri        HARRY REID, Nevada
JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma            BOB GRAHAM, Florida
CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming                BARBARA BOXER, California

                                  (ii)




                            C O N T E N T S

                              ----------                              

                           SEPTEMBER 23, 1998

                                                                   Page

                           OPENING STATEMENTS

Chafee, Hon. John H., U.S. Senator from the State of Rhode Island     1
Smith, Hon. Robert, U.S. Senator from the State of New Hampshire.    12
Warner, Hon. John W., U.S. Senator from the Commonwealth of 
  Virginia.......................................................    59

                               WITNESSES

Burman, Allan V., president, Jefferson Solutions.................    50
    Prepared statement...........................................   108
Collins, Samuel R., engagement partner, Deva & Associates, P.C., 
  Bethesda, MD...................................................    47
    Prepared statement...........................................   105
Frazier, Johnnie, Acting Inspector General, Department of 
  Commerce.......................................................    45
    Prepared statement...........................................   101
Kirk, Michael, executive director, American Intellectual Property 
  Lawyers Association, Arlington, VA.............................    23
    Prepared statement...........................................    68
Lehman, Bruce A., Commissioner, Patent and Trademark Office, 
  Department of Commerce, Arlington, VA..........................     6
    Prepared statement...........................................    65
Peck, Robert A., Commissioner, Public Buildings Service, General 
  Services Administration........................................     2
    Prepared statement...........................................    60
    Responses to additional questions from Senator Sessions......    61
Sepp, Peter J., vice president for communications, National 
  Taxpayers Union, Alexandria, VA................................    24
    Letters, exchange between PTO and National Taxpayers Union... 36-41
    Prepared statement...........................................    71
    Report, Arthur Andersen......................................    75
    Responses to request for additional information..............    36
Williams, David, research director, Citizens Against Government 
  Waste..........................................................    27
    Prepared statement...........................................   110

                          ADDITIONAL MATERIAL

Articles:
    Dow Jones Investor's Business Daily..........................    97
    Houston (TX) Chronicle.......................................    97
    Indianapolis (IN) Tribune....................................    96
    Patent Office Professional Association News..................   100
    Roll Call....................................................    95
    Tampa (FL) Tribune...........................................    96
    Washington Business Journal..................................    94
    Washington Times.............................................    95
Letters:
    Alexandria, Virginia, Chamber of Commerce....................   113
    Brownback, Hon. Sam, U.S. Senator from the State of Kansas...    91
    Charles E. Smith Commercial Realty...........................    74
    Citizens Against Government Waste............................    99
    Davis, Hon. Thomas M., U.S. Representative from the 
      Commonwealth of Virginia...................................    92
    Donley, Kerry, Mayor, Alexandria, VA.........................   112
    Duncan, Hon. John J., U.S. Representative from the State of 
      Tennessee..................................................    92
    Eisenhower Civic Association................................88, 114
    Eisenhower Partnership.......................................   112
    Forbes, Hon. Michael P., U.S. Representative from the State 
      of New York................................................     9
    Istook, Hon. Ernest J., Jr., U.S. Representative from the 
      State of Oklahoma..........................................    90
    National Taxpayers Union..................................... 36-41
    Patent Office Professional Association.......................    87
    Royce, Hon. Edward R., U.S. Representative from the State of 
      California.................................................    91
    Seminary Association.........................................   116
Press releases, National Taxpayers Union........................97, 101
Report, Economic Review of a Potential Relocation of PTO, Arthur 
  Andersen.......................................................    75
Statements:
    Addison, Keith F., Oklahoma Inventors Congress...............    89
    Citizens Against Government Waste............................    99
    Council for Citizens Against Government Waste................   100
    Eisenhower Civic Association.................................    88
    Hatch, Hon. Orrin, U.S. Senator from the State of Utah.......    18
    International Trademark Association..........................   117
    McCain, Hon. John, U.S. Senator from the State of Arizona....    20
Table, List of furniture expenditures............................    98


           PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BUILDING CONSOLIDATION

                              ----------                              


                     WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1998


                                     U.S. Senate,  
         Committee on Environment and Public Works,
         Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure,
                                                    Washington, DC.
    The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 4 p.m. in room 
406, Senate Dirksen Building, Hon. John Warner (chairman of the 
subcommittee) presiding.
    Present: Senators Warner, Smith, Sessions, and Chafee [ex 
officio].

           OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN H. CHAFEE, 
          U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

    Senator Chafee [assuming the chair]. I want to welcome 
everyone here this afternoon. This is a hearing of the Senate 
Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure. The hearing is on the Patent and Trademark 
Office Consolidation.
    Unfortunately, Senator Warner, who was going to preside 
over this, is late. He asked me if I would take over, and I'm 
glad to do so. He should be here shortly. He asked that I get 
the hearing started.
    I want to express my appreciation to Senator Warner for 
holding this hearing. It's an important matter. The Patent and 
Trademark Office is the Government agency that's charged with 
the advancement and protection of intellectual property. It's 
at the PTO that inventors apply for patents and register their 
trademarks.
    As time and technology have progressed, the number of 
patents and trademarks have not only increased, but they've 
become more complicated, as so many know.
    To maintain and promote intellectual property protection, 
PTO's staff needs to operate effectively and efficiently. 
Toward that end, GSA and PTO began discussions in the late 
1980's--mind you, that's 10 years ago--to determine how best to 
house this agency and its employees. The goal was and still is 
to provide space in a manner that maximizes efficiency for both 
the staff and user community, to the ultimate benefit of the 
taxpayer.
    In 1995 this committee and the House Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure authorized GSA to proceed 
with procurement of a long-term operating lease. That 
procurement is well underway. Indeed, it is drawing to a close.
    Throughout this lengthy process, concerns have arisen 
regularly about the scope and projected cost of the 
consolidation, despite numerous comprehensive studies. A number 
of reports have been aired, but these have sent mixed signals, 
which is disturbing.
    The point of today's hearing is to air the various concerns 
and charges made about this project and determine their 
legitimacy. We owe it to the PTO and its staff, the user 
community, and the taxpayers to ensure that this project is 
worthwhile and merits our continued support.
    I'm confident that testimony we hear today will help answer 
the questions. The script here says ``for once and all.'' I'm 
not that totally confident it will be for once and all. We'll 
struggle to do our best on that point.
    We're pleased to have Senator McCain, who I believe is 
going to be here shortly. He's a noted guardian of the taxpayer 
interest, and obviously we look forward to hearing from him.
    Now, while we're waiting for Senator McCain, if Mr. Peck, 
who is commissioner of Public Buildings Service, will come 
forward, why don't we get started with you. And Mr. Lehman, 
commissioner of the Patent and Trademark Office--if Mr. Lehman 
would come forward, too. Why don't you each take seats. I will 
interrupt you when Senator McCain comes so that we can move on 
with his testimony.
    All right. Let's go to it, Mr. Peck.

    STATEMENT OF HON. ROBERT A. PECK, COMMISSIONER, PUBLIC 
BUILDINGS SERVICE, GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION, WASHINGTON, 
                              D.C.

    Mr. Peck. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    I have a statement which I would like to submit for the 
record, and I will now summarize it.
    We appreciate the opportunity to be here, too. I'm 
appearing, obviously, on behalf of the General Services 
Administration to report on the Patent and Trademark Office 
consolidation proposed for Northern Virginia.
    We believe that by competitively procuring a 20-year 
operating lease we will provide up-to-date, efficient, and 
cost-effective office space to support PTO's requirements. The 
project makes good business sense and is in the best interest 
of the Government.
    I'm going to let Mr. Lehman talk to you more extensively 
about the efficiencies that can be gained by consolidating. 
I'll just note, as he will, too, that PTO has offices in 18 
different buildings. Many of those buildings at the moment do 
not meet our fire, life, safety, and handicapped accessibility 
guidelines and would need renovation to meet those guidelines.
    Senator Chafee. That's all leased space, right?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. They've been leased for quite some 
time.
    And, of course, one of the possible outcomes of this is 
that we would continue to lease where we are now in upgraded 
facilities, because they are, in fact, obviously, one of the 
competitive sites.
    I will also tell you that, given other priorities, the 
Administration some time ago--in fact, in 1995--proposed a 
lease for this project because it looked like there would be no 
funds available in the foreseeable future to build a facility 
for PTO, a Government-owned facility. There are also some 
flexibilities that having a lease gives us.
    But, because we also agreed that we would keep this to what 
is called an ``operating lease'' as opposed to a capital lease, 
which means it meets the scoring rules requirement under the 
Budget Enforcement Act for an operating lease, we are requiring 
in the competition that the lease rate is a market rate, and a 
relatively low on, particularly considering what we are about 
to acquire is essentially a Government headquarters building.
    The Congressionally approved rent limit which we are 
adhering to is roughly equivalent to rates that PTO is 
currently paying and is equivalent to current market rates in 
Northern Virginia. In fact, including escalations that are 
allowed by the time we award this, there's good reason to 
believe that the rental rate we are acquiring will be below the 
market when we finally do sign the lease.
    If the project is delayed, extending existing leases with 
fundamental building improvements to match market comparables--
in other words, to make it a modern, class A office building--
would cost us an additional $6.4 million annually, or $32 
million over the typical 5-year lease extension. I just mention 
that because extending the leases has been suggested as an 
option.
    The technical specifications for the project are not 
lavish. I will go into that in just a few minutes.
    And, finally, ongoing Congressional oversight, an audit by 
the Inspector General of the Commerce Department, and a review 
by a contractor commissioned by the Secretary of Commerce all 
support the conclusion that we should continue with this space 
consolidation project.
    I should just note that this goes back to 1989, this 
project, when GSA and PTO began working on plans to consolidate 
and update the PTO offices. The project was authorized by this 
committee on October 24, 1995, and on November 16, 1995, by the 
House of Representatives. We're going on 3 years since 
authorization.
    This location has housed the PTO facility for 20 years. It 
is a set of leased buildings in the Crystal City area. We have 
33 separate lease agreements at the moment in these 18 
different buildings.
    Clearly, one of the goals of this project is to consolidate 
PTO, because we find in most agencies, while not everyone needs 
to be within hailing distance of each other, everyone does need 
to be within reasonable proximity for meetings, and it is a 
fundamental of modern corporate management that being able to 
reach out, even in this age of technology, that being able to 
reach out to the people you work with can create a lot of 
intellectual management synergy.
    There have been questions about the competition under which 
we have proceeded here, and I will just tell you that there are 
a couple of interesting issues here.
    Typically, as I think you know and we have testified 
before, Federal construction usually has a lower present value 
cost than leasing does at market rates; however, at the rental 
rate proposed in the approved prospectus, the present value 
cost of leasing compares relatively more favorably than does 
direct Federal construction. It is not cheaper. I have to say 
it is not less on a present value basis, but relatively closer 
to Federal construction than is normally the case.
    As authorized, the project will provide approximately 2.4 
million rentable square feet of office space at a maximum 
annual cost of $57.2 million in fiscal year 1996 dollars. This 
amount can be escalated for inflation until the space is 
actually accepted.
    Finally, I will note that we have issued the solicitation 
for offers for this space, which was issued on June 26, 1996, 
under provision of the Federal Acquisition Reform Act, which 
allows us to proceed in a two-phase process. We identified 17 
potential sites that could meet the pre-approved zoning and 
master planning requirements for this project.
    Senator Chafee. When you're looking for these sites, does 
that mean 17 potential sites that would accommodate all of PTO? 
In other words, you take the PTO offices in 18 buildings now 
and put it into one?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. They had to be sites that were large 
enough--that had planning approvals or at least would meet the 
Arlington County or Alexandria planning guidelines. We knew 
also that it had to be in northern Virginia, and we identified 
17 sites that we thought could meet the space and zoning and 
planning requirement.
    We also required that there be reasonable proximity to 
public transportation, because this is a large project and we 
wanted to have the minimal impact on the road network in the 
area, as we usually do in our solicitations in this area, and 
so we required some proximity to Metro Rail.
    The project specifications on construction are comparable 
to those used for other recent Federal agency consolidations, 
including the new IRS buildings in New Carrollton, Maryland, 
the Health Care Financing Administration in Baltimore, which I 
would note again is a leased project, and the NASA headquarters 
in Washington.
    The construction standards included in our solicitation for 
offers to not require or specify lavish finishes or amenities. 
They are intended to provide space and services in the most 
cost-effective manner over the term of occupancy.
    For example, where the SFO requires the employment of high-
quality materials, which are durable and easily maintained, 
this is just good building practice in a heavily trafficked 
public area. There is an issue here of life cycle costing. You 
can buy cheap materials up front and pay to repair and replace 
them perennially over the years, or you can buy good ones up 
front--good, but not lavish.
    The per-square-foot interior build-out cost is comparable 
to other Government projects, with a base building in what is 
called in the real estate industry a ``cold, dark shell 
configuration,'' and this becomes important because some of the 
numbers I've seen have compared interior build-out costs to 
buildings that are called a ``warm, lit shell.'' This is all 
sort of silly sounding----
    Senator Chafee. I must say a cold, dark shell sounds so 
forbidding.
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Peck. And it is. It implies that you're basically 
buying a shell, a building shell, protection from the elements 
but hardly any of the other things that go into building a 
building beyond that--in other words, the heating, ventilating, 
and air conditioning systems and the lighting systems. In most 
commercial leases that we do where we're buying space in a 
building that someone already owns, we're buying, obviously, 
something in a warm, lit shell. It's a space you basically need 
to move your furniture into and plug in the equipment.
    Here, again, we started out with a base building cost, 
which means just basically the perimeters, the elevators, those 
sorts of base building costs.
    We got six phase one offers. After evaluating them, four 
were left. Again, that's the way the phase two process works. 
You see which ones meet your basic criteria. We had four 
offerers invited to submit phase two, and three sites remain 
under consideration. The fourth site was withdrawn by the 
offerors from competition earlier this year.
    So we expect to request what are known as ``best and final 
offers'' by the end of this month, and in the phase-two 
evaluation those final offers, we say to people, ``All right. 
We've talked back and forth for some time. Give us your best 
and final cost and make sure that you're meeting the quality 
that we need.''
    Finally, I just note again this has been extensively 
reviewed. Not only has this proposal been approved by the 
public works bodies in both houses of Congress, it has been 
subject to an audit by the Inspector General of Commerce and 
reviewed by a contractor this year commissioned by the 
Secretary of Commerce.
    We, ourselves, this year, in response to a question about 
extending the existing leases, prepared a new market analysis 
of that option. The analysis, which was completed on July 31st 
of this year, indicated that extending existing leases with 
fundamental building improvements to match market comparables 
would cost an additional $6.4 million annually. In other words, 
in most of the renewal options that we have in our leases right 
now, they don't require that the buildings be upgraded if we 
exercise the option.
    What we are saying is if they were to be upgraded to meet 
market standards for buildings of that type, it would cost an 
additional $6.4 million annually.
    Senator Chafee. Over what you're now paying?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. It would be an additional $32 million 
over the average 5-year extension term.
    Just one final point, Mr. Chairman. We are here, in part, 
as you said, to clear up some of the questions about numbers. 
There are legitimate questions about a project of this size. It 
is perfectly reasonable for people to ask about the basis on 
which we make our estimates.
    One perspective I would just say to you, as the 
Commissioner of the Public Buildings Service and someone who 
has done private sector real estate as well as public sector--
one of the great things about my job is we are one of the 
largest real estate organizations in the United States. We have 
tremendous market power that we can bring to bear when we 
negotiate leases and get terrific bargains for the American 
people. We operate our buildings at a cost per square foot 
below what the private sector costs in comparable buildings.
    In lease negotiations, we have numbers that show that we 
negotiate leases, generally at about the market rate. And I'm 
concerned. I have to tell you I'm concerned about that latter 
number. We should be getting a better rate. One reason we don't 
often is that when you are in the private sector making an 
offer to the Government, one of the things you have to take 
into account is the amount of time it can take the Government 
to conclude the lease and the number of reviews that you have 
to go through. The longer these processes take, the more money 
you have to spend on lawyers and responding to questions and on 
keeping your team and your financing going, and we all pay for 
that.
    As you said, I worked on this committee staff for many 
years. I've been here too long to hope that we can put it to 
rest this afternoon. It really is important for the Government 
in these types of matters to analyze the issues carefully and 
then make decisions that stick.
    Thank you.
    Senator Chafee. I think that's a fair request, Mr. Peck.
    Mr. Lehman?

 STATEMENT OF HON. BRUCE A. LEHMAN, COMMISSIONER, U.S. PATENT 
           AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA

    Mr. Lehman. Thank you very much, Senator.
    First, I'd like to say that I'm not a real estate expert. I 
wasn't appointed to my position by the President, nor confirmed 
by the Senate to be a real estate expert. The statute under 
which I was appointed requires that I know something about 
intellectual property. That's my responsibility, and I 
supervise an organization that now has 5,200 employees and 
will, over the course of the next several years, be going up to 
over 7,000 employees, and they are engaged in the process of 
securing the intellectual property rights of probably the most 
important part of the U.S. economy--the people that create the 
new technologies that are driving the United States 
increasingly into a leadership position in the world.
    We have currently over 2,000 scientists and engineers who 
are our patent examiners. We will, after a period of time, 
after the next couple of years, have over 4,000.
    Why is that, that we're increasing the size of our work 
force? Well, it's because business is booming, and that's a 
good thing for the American economy.
    In the last 2 years, alone, we've had double digit 
increases in the number of patent filings--double-digit 
increases. We're the largest patent and trademark office in the 
world, and U.S. technology is pulling ahead of everyone else.
    Our customers are the people who create these technologies. 
Getting a patent is absolutely critical to being able to get 
the financing that you need to put a new product on the market 
and move the whole economy forward. And when you get a new 
product, of course, you need to assign a name to that product. 
Sometimes you have a new company and you're a new venture, you 
need to get a new name for the company, and so you have to 
apply for a trademark, and we see that the trademark business 
is booming, just like the patent business is booming, too.
    Employees who perform these functions need to have a place 
to work.
    Now, we moved into our present facilities beginning in 
1969. For many years we were in the Commerce Department 
building downtown, but we outgrew that facility, and we moved 
at that time into leased space across the river near National 
Airport in Crystal City. We've been paying rent ever since that 
period of time. That was not a decision I believe that the PTO 
made. That was made by others--the GSA, the Office of 
Management and Budget, our oversight committees on Capitol 
Hill.
    Leases, of course, expire. When I became the Commissioner 
of Patents and Trademarks at the very beginning of this 
administration in 1993, one of the first things that I was 
informed of was that our leases--the original leases that we 
had--would shortly begin expiring. And so my predecessors--and 
going back, as was mentioned, earlier into the previous 
Administration--had been planning what we were going to do 
about that.
    Now, there are really only two choices that we have. We 
could either just re-up, keep the existing leases that we 
have--and get new space, or we could do what I think is the 
American way of doing things. We could say to any American who 
wants to supply us with space, consistent with the conditions 
imposed upon us by this body, by the Congress, ``You can come 
and bid and see if you can make us a better offer.''
    That's exactly what we did. We put out, as Mr. Peck has 
just described to you, a competitive RFP. And, in fact, I don't 
believe, Senator, that I even had a choice about that, because 
I think, under the Federal Competition in Contracting Act, if I 
were to engage in a sole source procurement, I would have had 
to have come back to this committee and to the Congress and get 
permission to do that.
    And so we are now at the point, after having engaged in 
quite a lengthy process of putting out a request for proposal, 
where we have three final bidders who are bidding on providing 
new space.
    The important thing to understand about this procurement is 
that a requirement in the RFP is that the space actually be 
cheaper than what our existing leases would be. And, in fact, 
the prospectus that we have put out in 1998 dollars requires 
that we pay no more than $25.41--1998 dollars--for the next 20 
years.
    Now, currently, in our existing space, without even 
extending our leases and having to deal on a sole source 
procurement--if we've only got one person selling the space, 
you obviously aren't going to get as good a deal--right now we 
are paying $26.
    So whatever information has been put out in public about 
this matter as to what's going to be cheaper or more expensive 
for the people who pay the cost of running the U.S. Patent and 
Trademark Office, the fact of the matter is that we are 
committed to paying less money, not more, and we are confident 
that the American way, that competitive procurement, not a sole 
source lease, is going to result in a better deal. We already 
have good reason to believe that that's the case.
    I'd like to make one final point about who does pay these 
costs.
    There has been a lot of discussion about the taxpayers 
paying this cost. We are a very unusual Federal agency--and let 
me say it doesn't make any difference whether we're taxpayers 
or not taxpayers; we should have space which is very cost-
efficient. There is no question about that.
    But in our particular case, taxpayers do not pay for the 
funding of the USPTO. We are funded entirely by fees paid by 
applicants for patents and trademarks. And I believe later on 
that Senator Warner has scheduled at least one representative 
of that fee payer group, the executive director of the American 
Intellectual Property Law Association, which is the largest 
single representative of our customers, and they can tell you 
what they think about this. I haven't seen their testimony, but 
I have a feeling that they're going to say that we have been 
responsive to their desire to try to put out a competitive 
procurement in which we will get the lowest possible price and 
still be able to do our work.
    Now, as Mr. Peck has said--again, I'm not an expert on real 
estate. He is. It's largely the GSA which has developed the 
specifications for this particular building, and those 
specifications are going to be pretty much the same as other 
Federal agencies.
    But we do have special requirements. Keep in mind that we 
are involved in a high-technology business. We have over 400 
Ph.D.s and scientists among our 2,000 patent examiners. We have 
probably the largest data base of technical information in our 
mainframe computers--now it is going to go up on the internet--
in the world, the USPTO. We are a highly automated agency. We 
probably have one of the most successful automation projects of 
any Federal Government agency.
    And, of course, when you have everybody hooked up to a 
computer and the internet you need fiber optic cable and you 
need special conditions for that. That all means that we have 
to have a little bit different kind of office space than even 
you would have to have in a Congressional office.
    When you want to examine a complicated recombinant DNA 
patent, you can't even examine it until you've put the 
recombinant DNA sequences through a data base in a mainframe 
computer that may make thousands and thousands of computations.
    These create special issues for us that, naturally, have to 
be reflected in our space procurement and issues that were not 
around in 1969 when we leased our existing space, when we, in 
those days, were literally examining patents by going to what 
we call ``the shoes''--a series of files in dark, old hallways, 
and patent examiners were literally corresponding with their 
customers through handwritten office actions. We've come a long 
way from that, and our new space should recognize those 
differences.
    The bottom line is that, even with those differences and 
those upgrades, our request for proposals requires that the 
space be cheaper than what we would be paying now.
    Senator Chafee. Mr. Lehman, are you satisfied with what the 
proposals are that Mr. Peck is considering?
    Mr. Lehman. Yes, sir, I am. Keep in mind that both Mr. Peck 
and I are restricted by requirements that are imposed upon us 
by this body and by the Office of Management and Budget and so 
on and so forth.
    Senator Chafee. Now, you're currently scattered among 18 
buildings. What will this consolidation mean to you? Where will 
this put you?
    Mr. Lehman. Well, part of the RFP is that we be 
consolidated so that our facilities are just more contiguous to 
one another. Just to give you an example of that, because 
business in America is building and all of the new 
entrepreneurs that are coming around need more trademarks, our 
trademark office is expanding. We've run out of space for the 
trademark examiners. So we've had to move our public records 
office, where people can come in and search trademark 
information, away from where the trademark examiners are. Now, 
if a customer wants to go to the public records office, it's 
almost a mile between the two places.
    Senator Chafee. Well, what will this do for you? I mean, 
I'm not sure whether you're moving into one building or you're 
moving into a series of contiguous buildings.
    Mr. Lehman. We'll have a campus. It will be a campus-like 
setting, and I believe it is no more than eight buildings. 
We'll have eight buildings, and they'll all be right next to 
one another, basically.
    Senator Chafee. And, Mr. Peck, you have three options of 
different sets of eight buildings, or whatever number of 
buildings? They vary, I presume, in the different options; is 
that right?
    Mr. Peck. Mr. Chairman, the short answer is I don't quite 
know what we have in the offers, because we were prohibited by 
Federal law, both Mr. Lehman and me, from knowing exactly what 
the offers are at this point. That's information limited to our 
contracting officers.
    What we do know is that, because the three offers have made 
it into phase two, they have met the conditions, which mean 
there are no more than eight buildings.
    Senator Chafee. And that they be contiguous?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. That they be, as we said, in a campus 
environment on one contiguous site.
    Senator Chafee. I must say, any organization that is trying 
to run a technical business scattered in 18 buildings strikes 
me as an inefficient setup.
    The whole system has been attacked. Indeed, there will be 
other witnesses following you, as well as Senator McCain, with 
complaints about $100 wastebaskets, shower curtains in the 
locker room costing $250 apiece. You want to answer that, Mr. 
Peck, or do you want Mr. Lehman to answer?
    Mr. Peck. No, I think we can both do that.
    I'm not quite sure how those numbers got out, but I'd like 
to assure you and assure everyone else that we don't manage 
these numbers down to the wastebasket/shower curtain level. 
What we do, however, is manage a build-out allowance.
    I can just tell you that, as I understand it--and Mr. 
Lehman may know more than I do--there was a study that showed, 
I think, that on some purchasing schedules you could find items 
that cost that much money.
    The bottom line is that we have an allowance for build-out 
on this building which limits us to a total dollar value of 
about $38.47 interior build-out cost from a cold, dark shell 
per rentable square foot, and I can tell you that is fully 
commensurate with the kinds of build-outs we have had on other 
similar projects. In fact, our standard GSA pricing from a 
cold, dark shell, we allow agencies, just as a general rule, 
not developed for this process, $38.50.
    So what we're telling you is that all of those costs per 
square foot are going to be in line.
    The bottom line, I will tell you this, is this is sort of 
the businesslike way to manage the Government. If PTO wanted to 
spend $100 on wastebaskets, they wouldn't have enough money 
left to build out the walls, so they would have a serious 
problem.
    Mr. Lehman. Senator, we're not going to spend $100 on a 
wastebasket. We're going to buy our equipment such as that off 
the GSA schedule. Mr. Peck can supply that schedule to you and 
you can see exactly what they'll cost, and if that is a 
problem, then that is a Government-wide problem. We're not 
buying anything special that any other organization isn't going 
to have.
    Mr. Peck. Let me be clear. Nowhere in our discussions, to 
my knowledge, at least none that I've been made aware of, has 
there ever been a discussion with PTO in which they have even 
requested items costing that much money or even near it.
    My point before was to say that we manage an overall budget 
and we stay within it, which means that you have to spend 
reasonable market rate amounts for items like those that have 
been bandied about in the press.
    Senator Chafee. What would you like to come out of this 
hearing, Mr. Peck? You've just said that one of the problems in 
the Government is that it takes so long for the Government to 
make up its mind. By contrast, in private industry, somebody 
can make a decision quickly. They don't have to go after all 
kinds of bids and specifications and all the laborious 
incidents that go with trying to run a building or several 
buildings.
    You'd like this thing to be settled, I presume? Is that 
your goal?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. In the best of all possible worlds, 
everyone would go away from the hearing thinking that they had 
possibly gotten some misinformation or the numbers had not been 
explained on an apples-to-apples basis and that they were fully 
satisfied that we were getting the best possible deal for the 
taxpayers on this kind of a project and would then let us 
proceed, because I think we, quite honestly, owe it to the 
Patent and Trademark Office and to the people who have offered 
to us to be our vendors on this project.
    Senator Chafee. Now, concerning these bids for the 
project--neither you nor Mr. Lehman can look at the bids, 
apparently. Is that correct? Who is going to make the decision?
    Mr. Peck. There is a selection panel which goes through the 
offers to make sure that they meet our qualification standards, 
and then we go to best and final offers. That committee looks 
at them, prepares the quality of the proposals, and makes sure 
that they meet the dollar limits that we have.
    I want to assure you that, merely because the Procurement 
Integrity Act prohibits us from knowing exactly what the offers 
are, we do know that the offers have to be within the 
prospectus limits set by the committee. And, as Mr. Lehman 
notes, that is a rental rate that is a bit lower than what we 
are paying today.
    Senator Chafee. Senator Sessions?
    Senator Sessions. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Lehman, on the fees that you charge, those are either 
set by or you are given authority by Congress to set those 
fees?
    Mr. Lehman. They're set by the Congress, sir.
    Senator Sessions. I've been through that in the State of 
Alabama, and there is a tendency among agencies to believe, if 
they've got money from fees, it's their money and they can 
spend it as they want to. I know of agencies in the State that 
have super buildings and high-paid employees and that sort of 
thing, because they feel that's their money. To me, it is a 
responsibility of Congress to make sure that if fees, incomes 
go up dramatically, they be properly apportioned. That's our 
responsibility.
    Mr. Lehman. I couldn't agree with you more, Senator. You're 
exactly correct.
    Senator Sessions. I consider it taxpayers' money. Do you 
disagree with that?
    Mr. Lehman. Well, I think these fees are not paid by the 
taxpayers, in general, but I completely agree with you 100 
percent that it is the responsibility of the Congress to 
oversee our organization. The Congress sets the fees, and it is 
the responsibility of the Congress to see that the fees are 
spent in a prudent manner. Of course, that's what this hearing 
is all about.
    Senator Sessions. That, to me, is a fundamental thing, and 
sometimes departments and agencies feel like it is their money 
when it comes to them through fees, and I think that is not 
correct.
    Mr. Peck, you've mentioned several times that the 
legislation authorizing this requires the new buildings to be 
cheaper. Are you prepared to personally guarantee that when we 
end up with this building it is going to be cheaper? Or is that 
law just something that floats in the air and can't be 
enforced?
    Mr. Peck. No, sir. Senator, I want to be clear. What we are 
talking about is the rental rate that we are going to procure 
this space for, and the prospectus that you all approved only 
allows us to pay a rent that is below the rent per square foot 
that we're paying right now.
    Senator Sessions. One way to keep the law right would be to 
have a cheaper structure and have more on the end payout by the 
agency on the inside, would it not? You could hide the cost of 
the building by shifting more to the build-out and away from 
the cost of the structure?
    Mr. Peck. Well, but the cost of any building that you build 
is made up of those two components.
    Senator Sessions. Are you saying that the two components 
together, that you understand the law cannot be more expensive 
than the present thing for just the building rental?
    Mr. Peck. No, sir. It would be impossible. All I can tell 
you, all we can compare logically and realistically is the 
rental rate on the building, itself.
    Senator Sessions. Let's be clear, then. So you're not 
asserting--the only thing you're asserting is that the shell of 
a building, that rate can't exceed the lawful rate, but if the 
cost of build-out and other costs go up, you can't be 
responsible for those?
    Mr. Peck. Well, in this case there is a large amount of the 
fit-out that is included within the rent on this building. We 
are capitalizing some of the cost of build-out.
    The SFO requires that the rent deliver habitable space, so 
that there is an apples-to-apples comparison here.
    Let me make one other point. I think what you're trying to 
ask is: is this building going to be more expensive on a build-
out basis than the existing facility? But it's impossible----
    Senator Sessions. Total cost to taxpayers when the dust 
settles?
    Mr. Peck. It's impossible to answer that question, in part 
because then you have to take quality into account. I mean, in 
the existing building.
    Senator Sessions. No. I mean, you just said the cost would 
not go up, and we--and now you're telling me it's impossible to 
account for the cost----
    Mr. Peck. No, sir.
    Senator Sessions.--because of these variations.
    Mr. Peck. No. The rental rate, itself, will be lower than 
the rental rate we pay now. That's what I said. That does 
include basic building fit-out.
    What I was trying to say is it is impossible to compare the 
quality of the two buildings, and if someone were to say, ``You 
could duplicate the existing buildings' inside,'' I don't even 
know that we could, because we can't build buildings any more 
that don't meet the life safety codes and the accessibility 
codes that we have today.
    But there are a number of what are called ``class C'' 
buildings that the PTO occupies. They are substandard. We 
wouldn't lease them today in that condition. If, in fact, they 
are competing for the consolidation program, they'll have to be 
seriously upgraded.
    Senator Sessions. Well, let me ask this. You said that 
there will be an $88 million build-out, but you're aware, are 
you not, that the PTO proposes another $29 million to that 
build-out, and that would total $117 million and would come out 
with a total cost of $58 per square foot, as opposed to the $36 
per square foot that's a GSA standard; is that correct?
    Mr. Peck. You know, Senator Sessions, it is true that we 
have a base building cost that we allow any agency, and that is 
included in what we deliver to them for a certain rent.
    Senator Sessions. And you're not concerned that Mr. Lehman 
uses his fee money and puts another $29 million in there to 
make it more palatial?
    Mr. Peck. Senator, I mean, the characterization as 
``palatial'' aside, and one with which we disagree, it is our 
standard practice that agencies can upgrade beyond the 
standard, and agencies do that for various reasons, including 
certain specific mission requirements that are beyond a 
standard build-out.
    Senator Sessions. Could I ask one yes or no question?
    Senator Chafee. All right.
    Senator Sessions. The GSA standard that you mentioned, 36 
or 30-some dollars, is that a ceiling or just a standard? It 
could go above that, could it not?
    Mr. Peck. It is a standard, but in this case that standard 
is included in the $88 million allowance, which we have total 
for interior construction, is included in this particular lease 
rate.
    Senator Chafee. Senator Smith?

            OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. ROBERT SMITH, 
          U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

    Senator Smith. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    The Inspector General, although they were supportive of 
your request for additional space, were critical about the PTO 
process, describing it as flawed because the lease development 
lacks a defined cost ceiling.
    Could you comment on each one of these items, just 
specifically in that analysis by the Inspector General--the 
first one that PTO needs to finalize its space requirements. 
What's the problem with that?
    Mr. Lehman. There's no problem with that. And, in fact, 
there's no problem with this Inspector General's report, and 
one of the good things about Inspector General's report is that 
they capture things that you should fix, and we have moved to 
fix those things and to establish specific limitations and 
ceilings on what we will spend.
    And, indeed, not only are we doing that internally, but we 
are perfectly happy with the amendment, which I believe was 
passed in the appropriations process. There was an amendment by 
Senator Inhofe, and it establishes just such a ceiling of the 
type recommended by the Inspector General. And, furthermore, 
the Commerce Department Inspector General is a witness at this 
hearing, and I think he will be able to explain that more 
thoroughly.
    I have absolutely no disagreements with their 
recommendations and we will do everything we can to accept 
them.
    Senator Smith. Well, recommendations, in general, but there 
are some criticisms out there. I just mentioned one. I'll just 
mention a couple of others.
    PTO has not reached an agreement with its bargaining unit 
employees over working conditions related to those space 
requirements. That's a criticism. PTO paid rent on vacant space 
for approximately 8 months from March to October, 1997. PTO had 
a large inventory of vacant space that was rented and 
inappropriately set aside for reorganization. As a result, PTO 
carried more than 73,000 occupiable square feet of vacant 
space. The total cost of this error was almost $1.5 million, 
because PTO paid an average of $30 per square foot to rent 
vacant space. That doesn't sound like a positive comment to me.
    Mr. Lehman. Well, Senator, I think you should ask the 
Inspector General, who is going to testify specifically about 
it.
    Senator Smith. But you said you agreed with everything in 
the report. That's why I'm asking you. You agree with that? Is 
that a good thing?
    Mr. Lehman. I'm not--you know, the reason we have an 
Inspector General is to identify areas where we need to make 
improvements, and we have worked with our Inspector General's 
office to do exactly that.
    Now, when one talks about some of these specific things, I 
would just say a word about the fact that we might have vacant 
space over a period of time. Keep in mind that we are an 
organization that is in 18 buildings that has over 5,000 
employees.
    In fact, one of the difficulties that we have, precisely 
because we do not have a new campus and we're a growing 
facility, is that sometimes we have to go out in the market and 
get space when it is available so that we will have it when we 
need it to meet our needs, and that's one of the reasons why we 
need to regularize this entire process.
    As you observed yourself, Senator, the bottom line of the 
Inspector General's report, which was one of eight different 
evaluations that was done by someone other than the PTO, 
itself, was that pretty much everything that we're doing is 
reasonable and on target. And where there are mistakes--and the 
mistakes have been relatively minor--we are moving to correct 
them.
    Senator Smith. Well, I agree with you there are other 
analyses that might differ, but the bottom line is it just 
seems to me that you're asking us to approve something that's 
open ended.
    Mr. Lehman. Senator, you're just wrong about that. We're 
not----
    Senator Smith. Well, tell me what the final----
    Mr. Lehman. First of all, we have a----
    Senator Smith. What is the final cost?
    Mr. Lehman.----amendment which I believe has passed the 
Senate Appropriations Committee which very specifically sets a 
cap on what we can expend, a specific cap on the build-out 
costs, and that cap is consistent with the standard Federal 
build-out for agencies such as ours.
    Senator Smith. But there are differences about that. That's 
where all those lists that Senator Chafee I think referred to, 
those $250 shower curtains and so forth--basically, that means 
that if you expend that up to the cap, you could spend that 
much for a shower curtain, or whatever else was listed in 
that----
    Mr. Lehman. Well, I suppose, Senator, that we could spend 
$1,000 for a shower curtain and we could do all kinds of 
things, but it's almost impossible for me--and I'm sure that's 
true of you, as well--to respond to somebody who might suggest 
that you wish to outfit your office with a $1,000 shower 
curtain when you have no intention and never have had of doing 
so.
    It's very difficult for me----
    Senator Smith. Mr. Lehman----
    Mr. Lehman.----to respond to that kind of----
    Senator Smith. Mr. Lehman, with all due respect, what that 
means is they're talking about the overall figure, and in the 
overall figure and in the cost, if you were to spend that 
amount of money, those are the kinds of costs that could be 
used to furnish the interior of your building.
    Mr. Lehman. Well, Senator----
    Senator Smith. That's the point.
    Mr. Lehman.----I'm not under oath, but if I were--and I 
would be willing--it still would be a violation of 18 USC 
1001--I'm just going to swear to you right now we are not going 
to spend that kind of money for those kinds of amenities. 
Period.
    Senator Smith. I didn't say that you were. But the point 
I'm trying to make is those figures on those individual items 
are coming about because if, in fact, you were to spend the 
amount of money that's outlined within your cap, you could 
spend that much for those kinds of things, which means you're 
probably high on the cap. That's what I read from it.
    Mr. Lehman. Senator, if you believe that we're high on it, 
we'd be happy to work with you, and I'm sure Mr. Peck would be, 
and I'm sure the Appropriations Committee would be.
    Senator Smith. Well, you have to work with us.
    Mr. Lehman. Yes, and----
    Senator Smith. That's the problem. I get the attitude here 
that maybe you don't have to work with us, but you do have to 
work with us----
    Mr. Lehman. Well, Senator, I don't think that's what I've 
suggested.
    Senator Smith.----because we control the purse strings.
    Mr. Lehman. I said that we'd be more than willing to do 
that. In fact, we are going to have ongoing oversight by the 
Appropriations Committee of every dime that we spend in this 
build-out process, and we will work with them and we will work 
with your staff to assure you, over the next 20 years of this 
lease, that we do not spend any more money than----
    Senator Smith. But you're asking----
    Mr. Lehman.----would be standard for facilities of this 
type.
    Senator Smith. But you're asking us to construct--you're 
asking us to lease rather than construct, at a cost that would 
be higher than if we constructed. I'm not making the case one 
way or the other whether we should be----
    Mr. Lehman. Senator, that was not my decision. That was the 
decision of the Congress that we should lease the building.
    Senator Smith. Well, if the building space would save PTO 
millions, what's the justification for leasing?
    Mr. Lehman. Senator, you'll have to ask your colleagues in 
Congress on that.
    Senator Smith. What's your answer? Do you agree with that 
or not? Maybe the Congress----
    Mr. Lehman. I can tell you what the justification is.
    Senator Smith. We've made mistakes before; maybe we made 
one on that.
    Mr. Lehman. The justification is that we are under Federal 
accounting procedures. Were we to acquire a building, that 
would mean that the entire cost of acquisition would have to go 
to the bottom line of the Federal budget for that given year, 
which would probably be in the neighborhood of $700 million, 
and that would require either that the Federal budget would 
have to go up by $700 million for that year or there would have 
to be offsets in other Federal programs.
    I think, if you'll consult with your colleagues on the 
Appropriations Committees, they'll inform you that most of them 
don't want to have to go through that process, and therefore 
they have ordered and directed us to lease a building.
    Senator Smith. Just one final question. Senator McCain 
says--I don't want to preempt his statement here, but in his 
statement he says that it is going to cost $117 million to 
finish the interior of the building with extravagant amenities. 
Is that a correct or an incorrect----
    Mr. Lehman. That is an incorrect statement. If you want to 
know specifically what kind of things we're talking about, 
we're talking about mission-specific items, such as locks on 
doors.
    And, by the way, I think it should be noted that patent 
applications are secret until they are issued, and so security 
is a very significant problem, and if you're a high-technology 
company you don't exactly want to have a door that doesn't have 
a lock on it. We have to have power back up for our computer 
system. If our computers go down, America's high-technology 
companies which rely on us will be very severely hampered.
    Improved lighting for examination work--when you are a 
patent examiner and you are looking at complex technological 
drawings, you can't have the kind of lighting that you would 
have in an ordinary office. Those are the kinds of things that 
we're talking about.
    The issues such as you've talked about, granite materials 
and so on and so forth, those are included in the underlying 
lease agreement. They are not part of the build-out cost, and 
those are the kinds of things that Mr. Peck was talking about 
where the RFP requires that we have durable materials.
    Our extra build-out cost won't have any of that kind of 
material in them. It will be things like backups for our 
computer system, locks on the doors, enhanced lighting, and 
that sort of thing.
    Senator Chafee. Senator Sessions had a question.
    Senator Sessions. Mr. Lehman, there are $88 million to 
build out, and then there is above build-out of $29 million 
that you intend to expend. Is that agency money from fees?
    Mr. Lehman. That is correct. And that's the material that I 
was just talking about.
    Senator Sessions. Let me ask you, is it your opinion that 
you don't need authorization of Congress to spend that money?
    Mr. Lehman. No, it's not. I indicated to you before that 
that has to go through the Appropriations Committee and it will 
be reviewed on an annual basis. If Congress disagrees with it, 
they will have a chance to--with our request--keep in mind, 
this will be a request that we will make, and it will be the 
appropriations committees and then the entire Congress that 
will determine when--
    Senator Sessions. That's right. It will be our neck on the 
line, and so that's why we've got to be responsible.
    Mr. Lehman. And you are.
    Senator Sessions. So we're going to be responsible 
presumably, but the IG----
    Mr. Lehman. That's why it is a very good thing to have 
these hearings and answer these questions.
    Senator Sessions. I just want to mention something. The 
Inspector General says that you need Congressional approval. It 
says, by resolution adopted by Congress--I don't know that that 
means the Appropriations Committee. They've got a lot to do. 
I'm not sure they micromanage a building in Virginia. So 
apparently Congress has not approved that, and we've got to 
deal with that issue, and that would bring the cost of build-
out on a square footage basis to $58, which I understand from 
GSA exceeds any other building ever built. The National Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Administration was at $45. You add the $29 
billion, the build-out would be $58 per square foot. That's 
something----
    Mr. Lehman. For the record, Senator, I believe that's just 
factually untrue and Commissioner Peck could respond to that.
    Mr. Peck. Senator, I would have to get you numbers on other 
build-outs. But, again, we're comparing apples and oranges 
here. It is standard practice in commercial real estate that a 
landlord--and GSA in this case is in the position of being a 
landlord to PTO--offers a certain allowance within the rent for 
what is called ``standard fit-out,'' and then the tenant, 
whether it's a law firm, which I'm familiar with, or anybody 
else, then sometimes pays for above standards for particular 
things.
    Senator Sessions. I know, but we've got to figure out how 
much this building costs, and you all are confusing us, and 
we're trying to get the total cost.
    Mr. Peck. But, sir, we have given you specific dollar 
amounts. Let me just suggest there are two ways in which you 
manage this space so that you can do it efficiently, without 
having the hire another million Federal employees to dog every 
time someone spends a dime, and that is this: you take an 
amount of money--in this case $88 million--and you say that is 
the amount of money it should cost to fit out two-point-
something million square feet of space, and you say that's what 
you've got, and they add $29 million. That can be overseen by 
the appropriations folks. It's about another $13 or $14 a foot.
    Senator Sessions. You're not responsible for that?
    Mr. Peck. No.
    Senator Sessions. GSA doesn't worry about that?
    Mr. Peck. But I'm telling you, sir, that that is also, in 
the commercial sector, a fairly standard amount of money per 
square foot for above-standard build-out.
    And what you then say to people--and this has got to be the 
way we manage this business--is to say, ``That is a reasonable 
amount of money per square foot.'' If that is the limit under 
which they go, they can make choices within it, but somehow 
they've got to get within that money to workable office space.
    And we have set that level. I can just tell you the $88 
million is a level at which someone cannot produce workable 
office space with lavish finishes and outrageous amenities. It 
just can't be done.
    Senator Sessions. It's going to be $117 million, not 88.
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir, but, like I said, you can use numbers 
that amount to $58, and that is an amount of money which, if 
you're starting from a cold, dark shell, you will find will 
produce you a standard headquarters quality office building in 
this town, or at least in this town's costs, and that's what we 
are allowing them to build.
    Senator Sessions. Well, there are other costs, too, such as 
moving and furniture and all that, transportation. That will be 
added to the total cost.
    Senator Chafee. Senator Smith, do you have any more 
questions?
    Senator Smith. No, I don't, Mr. Chairman.
    Senator Chafee. I have a Senate statement here from Senator 
Hatch that I would like to put in the record.
    [The prepared statement of Senator Hatch follows:]
   Statement of Hon. Orrin Hatch, U.S. Senator from the State of Utah
    Mr. Chairman, in my capacity as Chairman of the Senate Judiciary 
Committee, the Committee in Senate responsible for overseeing the 
management of the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO), I respectfully 
submit this written statement for the record. I appreciate having the 
opportunity to provide this brief statement to you, Mr. Chairman, and 
the other members of on Environment and Public Works' Subcommittee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure. The PTO consolidated space 
procurement is an important and necessary project, and I am taking this 
opportunity to express my support for the project.
    Today, the PTO has over 5,000 employees, many of whom are housed in 
sub? standard office space that does not support state-of-the art-
automation or barrier-free access. PTO operations are presently 
distributed among 17 buildings, some as much as a mile apart. In order 
to meet the constantly increasing demand for intellectual property 
protection, the PTO will find it necessary to hire approximately 2000 
patent examiners, trademark attorneys and support staff during the next 
several years. Recognizing that its present leases are expiring, that 
additional space is required to continue serving its customers, and 
that its present distributed campus adds costs due to inefficiency, the 
PTO sought approval for procurement of a new facility. In 1995, 
Congress authorized the PTO to begin competitive procurement of a long-
term lease for consolidated space.
    I am mindful that concerns have been raised about the scope, cost 
and management of this procurement. It is important to note that PTO 
has been extremely responsible in addressing concerns raised by reviews 
of the project. In addition, Congress has placed certain requirements 
on PTO to ensure that the project is well managed. Initially, a 
decision was made that outright purchase of a facility to house PTO was 
not feasible. Later, the Inhofe-Brownback amendment to the Commerce 
Justice State Appropriation Bill placed a ceiling on project build-out 
and move.
    The PTO's operations are funded entirely by user fees. These users 
understand the challenges PTO faces now and in the fixture, filings 
increase. PTO will find itself increasingly reliant upon new technology 
and redesigned work processes to meet the increasing demand for its 
services. PTO has conscientiously examined its future requirements in 
developing its approach to the space consolidation. All of the PTO's 
major user groups fully support the new lease project because it will 
promote efficiency and productivity at a lower cost.
    Since this project began, opponents have raised many issues that 
mischaracterize aspects of project. On result of the on-going debate 
has been confirmation of PTO's approach through a number of independent 
studies. Both the Commerce Inspector general and Jefferson Solutions, 
an independent consulting firm, reached similar conclusions--that the 
project is necessary, well managed, and likely to save money for PTO 
and its fee-paying customers.
    PTO's current landlord has a strong interest in keeping PTO as an 
occupant. Presently, PTO is paying over $40 million dollars a year for 
its space. Our concern should be to insure that PTO's future space is 
selected through a competitive process that ensures good value for the 
money paid, wherever PTO is located. Even considering extension of 
PTO's present leases through a sole-source procurement raises the 
question--is it likely the government will get the best value in a 
noncompetitive environment? Our American system has taught us that 
competition gives us improved quality at a lower price.
    I am, of course, concerned about the potential for cost over-runs 
and extravagance. Nothing I have seen so far in PTO's approach leads me 
to believe that they are seeking a lavish, unreasonable facility. 
Although critics have taken certain information out of context to 
challenge the overall project, I am confident that PTO's prospectus is 
similar in nature to other government and private industry facilities. 
I am certain, also, that PTO has no intention of paying a premium for 
lavish grounds or expensive furniture. Everything I have learned about 
the project leads me to the conclusion that PTO and GSA have been 
committed to procuring space that provides necessary employee and 
customer amenities in an efficient and cost-saving facility. I am also 
confident that Congress will continue to monitor the progress of the 
project to ensure that costs are reasonable and controlled.
    I have every faith that the management at PTO and GSA will bring 
this project to successful completion. We must not lose sight of the 
fact this project will result in net savings of $72 million to PTO's 
fee-paying customers.
    Thank you for the opportunity to express my support. I request that 
my recent remarks (S. 8737) in the Congressional Record from July 22, 
1998, on this project be included with this statement.
                               __________
     [From the Congressional Record, July 22, 1998, Pages 8735-39]
                       McCain Amendment No. 3251
    On page 62, strike ``Provided further,'' on line 3 and all that 
    follows through line 16 and insert the following: ``Provided 
    further, That none of the funds appropriated or otherwise made 
    available under this Act or under any other provision of law may be 
    obligated or expended by the Secretary of Commerce, through the 
    Patent and Trademark Office, to plan for the design, construction, 
    or lease of any new facility for that office until the date that is 
    90 days after the date of submission to Congress by the 
    Administrator of General Services of a report on the results of a 
    cost-benefit analysis that analyzes the costs versus the benefits 
    of relocating the Patent and Trademark Office to a new facility, 
    and that includes an analysis of the cost associated with leasing, 
    in comparison with the cost of any lease-purchase, Federal 
    construction, or other alternative for new space for the Patent and 
    Trademark Office and a recommendation on the most cost-effective 
    option for consolidating the Patent and Trademark Office: Provided 
    further, That the report submitted by the Administrator of General 
    Services shall consider any appropriate location or facility for 
    the Patent and Trademark Office, and shall not be limited to any 
    geographic region: Provided further, That the Administrator of 
    General Services shall submit the report to Congress not later than 
    May 1, 1999.''.
          * * * * * * *
    Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I rise in opposition to the amendment 
proposed by the Senator from Arizona. If adopted, the McCain amendment 
would result in needless, costly delays in the user process to obtain 
better facilities for the Patent and Trademark Office.
    Look, we studied this thing to death. We know doggone well if this 
is delayed again, you are only going to have one bidder instead of 
three, and there is the question of whether that one bidder will do 
anything to save any money.
    In fact, the amendment of the distinguished Senator from Arizona 
would cost a lot more money. Let me make my case.
    The PTO procurement process has been studied to death. We don't 
need another study. Let me catalog for you the attention that has been 
paid to this procurement process. The PTO procurement process has been 
the subject of two comprehensive studies: one by the Inspector General 
of the Department of Commerce and another by an independent consultant 
who reported to the Secretary of Commerce. The independent consultant 
was Jefferson Solutions, which is headed by the former director of 
OMB's Office of Procurement Policy in the Reagan and Carter 
administrations. Both studies agreed that the competitive lease 
procurement should proceed so that the PTO can obtain the benefits of 
competition. Let me emphasize that, from the start, the PTO procurement 
process followed all the rules and complied with all the safeguards in 
the Standard Federal Government Procurement Procedures.
    These studies are in addition to the normal Government procedures. 
Of course, they do provide for competitive bidding. Mr. President, 
Senator McCain's amendment calls for a study of the benefits of leasing 
versus purchase, Federal construction, and other housing alternatives, 
such as lease purchase. This has already been done.
    The GSA, the Department of Commerce, and the OMB thoroughly 
evaluated the options before submitting the lease prospectus for 
congressional approval. Both the Senate Committee on Environment and 
Public Works and the House Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure concurred, when the prospectus was authorized in the 
fall of 1995, and in light of the limited funds available for capital 
investment and operating lease of the PTO, that is in the best interest 
of the PTO's fee-paying customers, which the distinguished Senator from 
Virginia has raised.
    Furthermore, in a colloquy between Senators Gregg and Warner 
conducted on the Senate floor during the vote on H.R. 3579, Senator 
Gregg agreed that no funds would be available in the foreseeable future 
to purchase or construct a facility to house the PTO.
    H.R. 3579, which became law, required the Secretary of Commerce to 
review the project and submit a report to Congress by March of 1998. 
This is the Jefferson Solutions report that I referred to earlier.
    The cost-benefit analysis that accompanied it, called the Deva 
report, showed the PTO will save $72 million over the 20-year life of 
the lease by consolidating.
    I don't know about the shower curtains, but that is a lot of money 
to be saving compared to what we would lose if we went ahead with the 
amendment of the Senator from Arizona. I know he is trying to save 
money, and I have no problem with that.
    The Jefferson Solutions report found that the consolidation of PTO 
space through a competitive lease would improve workflow efficiencies 
and improve the environment for employee retention, as well as reduce 
costs.
    In addition to these studies and reviews, the procurement process 
has been tested judicially. A 1997 protest by the existing landlord 
alleging improprieties in the terms and conditions of the procurement 
was dismissed. Similarly, an unfair labor practice complaint filed by 
one of the PTO's unions was dismissed earlier this year.
    Given these numerous studies, reviews, and court tests, why is it 
that we are here debating this issue yet once again? There appears to 
be a campaign to delay the procurement process, and I have to ask who 
is behind it. I don't think it is a matter of $250 shower curtains.
    I know that Senator McCain is not motivated by a desire to merely 
delay. I am sure he has real concerns based on facts as he views them. 
But the fact of the matter is, he is talking about peanuts compared to 
the millions and millions of dollars that will be lost if we do another 
study rather than go ahead after all of this work has been done, all 
the studies have been done. It is crazy. Nevertheless, there has been 
an ongoing campaign to delay this.
    Who is behind it? Is it the parties who use the PTO services? No. 
The parties who use the PTO are the patent applicants, patentees, and 
trademark registrants. They oppose this amendment, and they want the 
procurement process to go ahead.
    But, Mr. President, the current landlord of the PTO makes over $40 
million a year from renting space to the PTO. Would 1 year's additional 
rent be worth mounting a campaign of delay? That is $40 million plus 
the $72 million we are talking about we lose by another study. I think 
you can buy a lot of shower curtains for that.
    It would be to the landlord's benefit to delay it. That is why he 
has hired a major lobbying firm to kill this process. It is not the 
public demanding a delay, it is the PTO's current landlord. I can 
hardly blame him, because he will make $40 million more. But I would 
blame us if we permitted that to go on just because of some shower 
curtains and a few other things that the distinguished Senator from 
Arizona has mentioned.
    I conclude, Mr. President, with an assurance that I am as concerned 
as anyone with cost overruns and lavish spending in the procurement 
process. I am disturbed by allegations of amphitheaters, exercise 
tracks, and high-priced furniture. I pledge to work with anyone who has 
a concern about specific excesses in the procurement prospectus. In 
fact, I intend to support the Inhofe-Brownback amendment that cuts back 
on build-out appropriations and the ability of the PTO to get more 
money for moving expenses. Congress should investigate these particular 
allegations and take a surgical approach. Another comprehensive study, 
however, is not the answer.
    Let me just say for the benefit of the distinguished Senator from 
Arizona, he may have some points here, but they are very, very minor in 
comparison to the moneys that will be saved by moving ahead rather than 
having another delay by losing $72 million on one side and $40 million 
on the other over a few shower curtains. It just seems penny-wise and 
pound-foolish. I am against this amendment. I hope we defeat it.
    Senator Chafee. Senator McCain has been delayed due to his 
duties in managing the Federal Aviation Administration 
reauthorization bill, and sends his apologies that he couldn't 
be here. He has a statement which we'll include within the 
record.
    [The prepared statement of Senator McCain follows:]
 Statement oF Hon. John McCain, U.S. Senator from the State of Arizona
    Mr. Chairman, and the distinguished ranking member, thank you for 
the opportunity to address the Transportation and Infrastructure 
Subcommittee on the relocation of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 
I appreciate the generosity of the Senate Environment and Public Works 
Committee in allowing me to speak on the Patent and Trademark Office's 
proposed relocation.
    The proposed Patent and Trademark Office building complex is 
shamefully expensive and extravagant. In addition, in putting the 
proposal together, the Congress limited the Patent and Trademark Office 
to considering only sites in Northern Virginia, which is certainly not 
an inexpensive area for construction and leasing of office space.
    The PTO consolidation is estimated to cost the taxpayers 
approximately $1.6 billion. About $1.3 billion of this amount is to pay 
for a 20-year lease of a new, 2-million square-foot facility somewhere 
in northern Virginia. The additional $250 million is what the Patent 
and Trademark Office proposes to spend to ``improve'' the building, to 
bring it up to the PTO's standards--which appears to mean extravagant 
and luxurious amenities that most of America's businesses do not 
provide to even their senior executives.
    PTO plans to lease a 2-million square-foot building ``shell'' -
which is essentially a structure with walls, ceilings, floors, and 
windows, but without electrical wiring, computer and telecommunications 
lines, carpeting, furniture, and all the other necessary interior 
fixtures. PTO will not have to pay the costs of constructing the 
building ``shell.'' However, the PTO plans to spend an outrageous 
amount of taxpayer dollars to bring the building up to its 
``standards.''
    PTO is authorized to spend up to $88 million to ``build-out'' the 
shell. This includes such necessary items as carpeting, electrical and 
plumbing fixtures, as well as some necessary environmental control 
upgrades to support the computer-intensive work of the office. Compared 
to the government's ``standard'' rate for this type of expenditure, 
``building out'' the PTO building will cost 20 percent more than most 
government buildings.
    And on top of that $88 million, the PTO also plans to spend another 
$29 million for extravagant amenities, including extra elevators, 
granite and marble decor, jogging and walking trails, sculpture 
gardens, and outdoor amphitheaters.
    That's a total of $117 million to finish the interior of the 
building with extravagant amenities. On a per-square foot basis, that's 
$58 per square foot of occupiable space--or 58 percent over the 
government's standard.
    But that's not all. The PTO also plans to spend another $135 
million to move into the building, install telecommunications 
equipment, and buy furniture. Almost half of this money is for the 
purchase of new furniture and furnishings, including $250 shower 
curtains, $1,200 chairs, $1,000 coat racks, and $562 mail room stools.
    Altogether, the PTO will pay $252 million to bring the building up 
to its ``standards''--standards which far exceed the government's norms 
and which can only be called luxurious by any standard.
    After spending $252 million to spruce up the premises, the PTO is 
then proposing to pay $57 million per year for a 20-year lease--over 
and above the costs of the ``improvements'' listed above. That is 
approximately $1.3 billion in lease payments alone over the next 20 
years.
    The PTO project is expected to cost the taxpayers almost $1.6 
billion--and we won't even own the building at the end of 20 years.
    This deal will be worse than the Ronald Reagan building deal. 
Remember how the cost of the Ronald Reagan building skyrocketed? That 
building, which is three million square feet, began as a $362 million 
building, and ended up costing $800 million. That's a huge cost 
increase.
    Ironically, the new PTO building will be smaller than the Reagan 
building--700,000 square feet smaller. And it is much more expensive. 
We spent $800 million on the Reagan Building, but at least we own a 
building that is designed to last 200 years and that includes rentable 
space to offset its costs.
    The original language contained in the Commerce State Justice 
Appropriations bill did not impose a ceiling on the potential costs of 
the PTO consolidation. Fortunately, the Senate accepted an amendment 
which capped the standard build-out cost at the $36.69 per occupiable 
square foot, limited moving cost to $135,000,000, and capped above 
standard build-out cost at $29,000,000.
    Even with these spending caps, I still have serious concerns 
regarding the PTO consolidation. The Citizens Against Government Waste, 
the National Taxpayers Union, the Patent Office Professional 
Association, and the Alliance for American Innovation also have serious 
concerns about the enormous cost of this project. In short, just 
because we can squeeze these extravagancies under the newly imposed 
spending caps, it does not justify doing so.
    This project was destined to become a fiscal nightmare. Our first 
mistake was that we did not allow ourselves to look at all possible 
locations to determine the most cost-effective facility to house the 
new PTO complex. Instead, we only looked at sites in northern Virginia.
    I am aware that there are Federal regulations that would hold PTO 
responsible for relocation expenses for employees if the agency moves 
more than 10 miles. This alone should not restrict us to only consider 
PTO sites in Northern Virginia. Who knows, the cost benefits of 
relocating to a non-Northern Virginia site may outweigh the additional 
cost incurred by the relocation regulations. The problem is, we will 
never know, because we never looked at sites outside of Northern 
Virginia.
    The sheer excess in the PTO's proposal for the building's amenities 
is unbelievable--$250 shower curtains, $1000 coatracks, and miles of 
walking and jogging paths. Tax dollars should be spent on processing 
patent applications, not extravagant surroundings. We should not be 
spending Americans hard-earned tax dollars on extravagant perks. We 
should be spending tax dollars on processing taxpayers' patent 
applications. And we should make sure we spend them in the most cost-
effective manner possible by looking at all possible locations for 
government facilities, not just one region.
    I am not trying to kill this project. Maybe PTO does need to 
consolidate. However, I think that we have a responsibility to act to 
insure that the cost of this project is justified and kept in check. 
PTO states there are no funds in the foreseeable future to construct 
Federal buildings. If so, and a lease is our only alternative, then we 
should enter into a sensible lease which does not waste taxpayers' 
money on unnecessary extravagancies.
    I ask my colleagues on the Senate Environment and Public Works 
Committee to revisit the PTO consolidation without any geographic 
limitations, and to address the runaway cost, contained in this 
consolidation plan.
    Senator Chafee. It's my understanding, Mr. Peck, that in 
1996, PTO's current landlord, the Smith companies, testified 
that they were pleased with the manner in which this 
solicitation had been managed by the PTO and the GSA. Am I 
correct in that?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir.
    Senator Chafee. That was June 25, 1996, testimony before 
this committee.
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. In fact, I will note that at one point 
we changed some of the terms of this solicitation in response 
to a request from them, a statement from them that some of the 
terms they felt unfairly disadvantaged existing buildings. So I 
think that we have been fair to them and to the other 
competitors.
    Senator Chafee. All right. Thank you both very much.
    Mr. Lehman and Mr. Peck, I wonder--we'll go on to the next 
panel. Senator Warner will be here. He had a couple of 
questions he wanted to ask you. If you could wait, then we'll 
call you back.
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. We will. Thank you.
    Senator Chafee. Why don't you just wait and take a seat 
there.
    Mr. Lehman. Thank you.
    Senator Chafee. All right. Fine.
    And the next panel will be Mr. Kirk, Executive Director, 
American Intellectual Property Lawyers Association; Mr. Sepp, 
Vice President for Communications, National Taxpayers Union; 
and Mr. Dave Williams of Citizens Against Government Waste.
    If you gentlemen will please come forward, and if you'd 
limit your testimony to 5 minutes each, we'll move right along 
here.
    Senator Smith. Mr. Chairman, if I may just make a remark 
while they're getting seated there.
    You know, we all try to do a job up here in terms of 
understanding numbers. We get the numbers, as I think Senator 
Sessions commented on, that are very confusing.
    We want to do the right thing to try to save the taxpayers 
dollars, and I'm not saying that at some point in the 
discussions that we, as Senators, don't get a bit 
argumentative, but I resent the fact that Federal employees 
come here before the committee and are argumentative and, 
frankly, bordering on disrespectful in terms of responding to 
the questions that we ask. I don't think that's good policy, 
certainly not good politics if you want your building, and, you 
know, I think maybe a lesson or two could be learned in 
diplomacy here. I mean, this just doesn't make sense. We're 
just trying to--we have to answer ultimately to the taxpayers, 
and that's the only people I owe responsibility to.
    You know, if there's $1,000 in there that's too much and we 
can find it, we ought to get it out. And when somebody throws a 
sheet of paper out here that says that shower curtains are 
$250--you know, years ago we had the $800 hammer and all that. 
We took a drilling for that. We have every right to ask these 
questions, even if we've asked them before and even if you've 
answered them before.
    And, you know, I don't appreciate it. And I think--I find 
it distasteful. And, frankly, it encourages me not to support 
the project for that very reason.
    Senator Chafee. Well, your words I'm sure have been well 
listened to.
    Now let's go on to Mr. Kirk. Won't you proceed please, Mr. 
Kirk?

    STATEMENT OF MICHAEL KIRK, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, AMERICAN 
 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWYERS ASSOCIATION, ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA

    Mr. Kirk. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate the 
opportunity to appear here today to present the views of the 
American Intellectual Property Law Association on the efforts 
of the PTO to procure consolidated space for its operations.
    The majority of the 10,000 members of AIPLA interact with 
patent examiners, trademark examiners, and their clerical 
support staff on a continuing basis. They know from these 
contacts that many of the employees are forced to work in 
cramped quarters with inadequate furnishings and equipment to 
do their jobs.
    To alleviate these problems, we believe----
    Senator Chafee. Mr. Kirk, I just want to tell you that 
you've got a nine-page statement here----
    Mr. Kirk. And I'll be through in 5 minutes.
    Senator Chafee. All right. I'm sure you will be.
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Kirk. All right.
    We believe that the Office should acquire adequate space. 
What we did was to consider what sorts of criteria we believe 
the Office should adopt. Foremost, the facility should be 
competitively procured, taking price and quality into 
consideration. It should be convenient to Metro Rail. It should 
be automation ready. It should provide private offices for 
examiners, but reflect the private enterprise trend for 
downsizing and standardizing office size. It should provide 
employees with reasonable amenities, compared to those in the 
private sector, including parking, health facilities, day care, 
and reasonably priced eating facilities. It should be compact 
and inter-connected and, with the approval of Congress, it 
should have such above-standard items as are customary in 
business--for example, uninterrupted power supplies for 
computer systems and the like.
    We believe that the SFO generally comports with these 
guidelines; therefore, we believe the solicitation should 
proceed under the watchful eyes of Congress and the user 
community.
    We are aware of a campaign over the last year and a half to 
convince Congress that the SFO is too extravagant. We obtained 
a written list of concerns from the current landlord's lobbyist 
and asked the Office to respond. We invited representatives of 
Congressional staff and bar associations to evaluate the 
concerns and the response.
    When the allegations were illuminated with facts, the 
concerns were not only unpersuasive, but frequently misleading.
    We've heard this afternoon about the $88 million number to 
outfit the interior of the new facilities. It is our 
understanding that the successful bidder must pay this, and it 
must come out of the rent that he receives from the PTO, and 
this rent, as we've heard, is going to be less than the current 
rent paid by the PTO to the current landlord.
    We've heard that the patent examiner's union opposes the 
move to the new complex; however, the opponents don't mention 
the fact that the trademark examiner's union and the clerical 
employees union support the move.
    The day care facility, for example, would be especially 
beneficial to trademark examiners and clerical employees, both 
of which groups have high numbers of female employees who 
typically need access to affordable health care and day care 
facilities in order to be able to work outside the home.
    Those opposed to the consolidation talk about the fact that 
it is going to cost $1.3 billion to lease, not own, the 
facility. Let's be clear about this. If the PTO stays in its 
present decentralized, aging facilities, it will spend at least 
$1.3 billion in lease charges over the next 20 years.
    Moreover, while the PTO is not going to own the building, 
as Senator Warner and Senator Gregg in a colloquy on the Senate 
floor commented, this is the only viable option, and we take 
them at their word.
    We heard earlier about the $250 shower curtains and the 
$4,000 desks, etc. We would agree that these estimates are 
unfortunate. It is our understanding, however, that they were 
given as worst-case scenarios intended to provide an estimate 
of what it would cost to move, not an intent to go out and buy.
    More importantly, even with these unfortunately high 
estimates, the Deva Report still projects that there will be a 
$72 million savings from this procurement.
    Mr. Chairman, we would like very much for this procurement 
to go ahead unabated, and we would strongly urge this 
subcommittee to allow that to happen.
    I have been authorized by the Intellectual Property Owners, 
whose members obtain 30 percent of all U.S. patents, and the 
Intellectual Property Law Section of the American Bar 
Association to state that they agree with this conclusion.
    Thank you, sir.
    Senator Chafee. Thank you very much, Mr. Kirk.
    Mr. Sepp, vice president for communications, National 
Taxpayers Union.

STATEMENT OF PETER J. SEPP, VICE PRESIDENT FOR COMMUNICATIONS, 
            NATIONAL TAXPAYERS UNION, ALEXANDRIA, VA

    Mr. Sepp. Thank you.
    On behalf of our 300,000 members, I am----
    Senator Chafee. You have the same 5 minutes, Mr. Sepp, as 
Mr. Kirk.
    Mr. Sepp. Indeed.
    Senator Chafee. Thank you.
    Mr. Sepp. I am deeply grateful for the opportunity to 
testify today. In holding these hearings, you've once again 
demonstrated your interest in fiscally responsible procurement 
policies.
    Since our founding in 1969, we've taken positions on 
numerous public works projects. Our only interest in this 
debate is to protect Federal dollars and taxpayers.
    While we believe an upgrade of PTO's present facilities is 
the most desirable of the current alternatives, we are 
certainly not wedded to that concept. We could also support 
additional options at other sites or building rather than 
leasing should further study prove any of these courses to be 
more cost effective.
    Some have asked why my organization is involved in this 
issue. No. 1, part of our mission is to represent the concerns 
of all taxpayers, whether they are families, businesses, or 
small inventors. I'm sure we both recognize that ultimately 
every American is affected by the tax burden on his or her 
fellow citizens.
    No. 2, small businesses and entrepreneurs provide the fuel 
that keeps our economic engine running in the race for economic 
vitality. Even a minor increase in patent fees could obstruct 
the flow of this fuel and leave us stranded. How many links in 
the chain of minor discoveries that lead to major breakthroughs 
would be broken? How much would our Nation's economic growth 
rate decline? Only an economist can answer these questions, but 
I certainly would not place a bet on our economy's future just 
to find out how much the market of intellectual property will 
bear.
    No. 3, we've been assured that PTO's fee structure could 
accommodate the cost surrounding the new headquarters, but 
history has a different tale to tell. Government financial 
experts assured us that deposit insurance fees would more than 
cover the costs of any problems incurred by savings and loans. 
In the end, tens of billions of dollars came out of our wallets 
to bail out S&Ls.
    Granted, the Senate's recent decision to cap costs of the 
PTO plan at $1.3 billion is well-intentioned, but the road to 
fiscal purgatory is paved with these intentions, and it is also 
littered with these kinds of cost caps.
    The Ronald Reagan building experienced cost overruns 
exceeding 200 percent. Before Congress terminated the project, 
the Super Collider's price had risen well over 50 percent. Just 
2 days ago the ``Washington Post'' reported that NASA is 
seeking a $1.2 billion bailout of the space station project due 
to Russia's financial problems.
    From roads to courthouses to scientific research, an all-
too-familiar pattern has emerged. Congress is told that too 
much has been spent to pull the plug now, and taxpayers are 
left to make up the difference between projections and hard 
reality.
    Finally, No. 4, the lessons learned or not learned from the 
PTO project will have a tremendous impact on every subsequent 
initiative on Federal office space, many of which will involve 
general revenue spending. Each and every American taxpayer, 
therefore, has a direct stake in ensuring that PTO's relocation 
serves as fiscally responsible.
    Having explained our interest in the PTO relocation 
proposal, I'd like to outline five of our specific concerns.
    No. 1, costs. Items that could drive up costs include 
possible exercise facilities and trails, in-house cafeterias, 
and expensive outdoor decor. Now, the Commerce Department 
argues that many of these amenities already exist at the 
present complex and others won't necessarily go forward. Absent 
from this explanation is whether or not additional amenities 
should be built just because they can be provided under the 
existing cap.
    Now, I do not suggest that a U.S. Government building with 
such an important mission should look like a Soviet-style block 
house, but taxpayers and PTO customers--many of them, at 
least--seem to believe that a more appropriate balance between 
form and function can apply here, as well.
    No. 2, our reading of PTO's blueprint suggests that earlier 
cost analyses may have been biased toward a predetermined 
conclusion. One report comparing relocation versus renovation 
assumes that many features of the new buildings would have to 
be grafted onto remodeled space. Perfectly functional restrooms 
and elevators in the existing facilities would be rendered 
useless in order to comply with the new specifications.
    I would contend that any plan with such contortions is 
likely to conclude that a new building is a better option. What 
it will not determine is whether such needs were realistic to 
begin with.
    In addition, a September 17 report by Arthur Andersen, 
which we have provided to the committee today, echoes our 
contention that the proposed move may not be the most cost-
effective choice.
    After due study, Arthur Andersen concluded that the Deva 
Report's key assumptions significantly understate the cost of a 
PTO relocation. Using prudent assumptions and accounting for 
some of the risks they noted results in a $121 million reversal 
in the Diva result, from a $72 million savings if PTO relocates 
to a cost increase of $48 million if PTO relocates.
    Overall, ``the proposed PTO relocation project encompasses 
significant risk and would result in higher occupancy costs for 
the PTO.''
    Now, the Commerce and the Patent and Trademark Office have 
spent a great deal of taxpayer money on the Jefferson Solutions 
and Diva Report, so I'm sure they'll try to say that the errors 
in these reports are innocent mistakes that don't really affect 
the conclusions, but the Andersen report makes clear the errors 
are fundamental and cannot be relied upon by the Federal 
Government as justification for going forward with the lease 
and discarding other options.
    No. 3, PTO's cost for relocating into the new headquarters 
could run more than $130 million. I know much political hay has 
been made over one consolidation scenario that could purchase 
these $250 shower curtains and $1,000 coat racks. I'm also 
aware that PTO recently told ABC News these plans were absurd 
and that they're not going to do that. Such assurances are 
comforting, but taxpayers can be forgiven for remembering 
previously proposed projects that were supposedly cost 
controlled.
    Pennsylvania's Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, 
for example, recently came under scrutiny for an outhouse that 
sported a $78-per-gallon paint job, a foundation with 29-inch-
thick walls, and a slate gabled roof. Government auditors, who 
repeatedly denounced our cost estimate for the project as too 
high, later discovered that it was twice as high as we had 
estimated.
    No. 4, just 6 months ago the Commerce Department's 
Inspector General issued a comprehensive report concluding that 
PTO's build-out process needlessly exposes the Government to 
increased cost risk. But what is most ironic is that the IG 
report contains only one major positive finding in page after 
page of problems: that PTO's planned procurement should 
continue because it is cheaper. The basis of that finding? It's 
the faulty data in the Jefferson Solutions report. In light of 
the new Andersen report, even this lone finding is now in 
doubt.
    Finally, a survey taken by the Patent Office Professional 
Association found that, by a three-to-one margin, its members 
opposed the move. When workers of the single-largest PTO union, 
many of PTO's customers, and local residents around the 
proposed sites are saying, ``Stop the music,'' maybe we should 
listen more closely.
    Regrettably, representatives from the groups I just 
mentioned were not able to testify at today's hearing. I, 
therefore, ask that their prepared statements that have been 
given to me be read into the hearing record.
    In conclusion, I would like to point out that media critics 
are already beginning to dub some Federal construction policies 
the ``edifice complex.'' But, unlike Nero's Oedipus complex, 
Washington's edifice complex can be cured without costly 
therapy. All it takes is a little dose of common sense.
    Senator Chafee. Thank you very much, Mr. Sepp.
    Mr. Williams, research director, Citizens Against 
Government Waste.

   STATEMENT OF DAVID WILLIAMS, RESEARCH DIRECTOR, CITIZENS 
           AGAINST GOVERNMENT WASTE, WASHINGTON, D.C.

    Mr. Williams. Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for 
this opportunity to testify today.
    I represent the 600,000 members of Citizens Against 
Government Waste. One of our most famous publications is the 
``Pig Book,'' which I think a lot of people are familiar with.
    CAGW is very pleased that this hearing is being held. First 
and foremost, now more than ever, taxpayers are demanding 
accountability from their Government. Too often in the past 
multi-billion-dollar construction projects have been undertaken 
without sufficient oversight and scrutiny, leading to the waste 
of tens of billions of dollars.
    Second, we are at a point in the discussions about PTO that 
a difference can be made. Since GSA has executed lease 
agreements that would extend the current lease until 2014, 
there is sufficient time to make a reasoned decision which 
could save taxpayers a great deal of money.
    Any time the Federal Government undertakes a major 
construction project or renovation project, CAGW immediately 
becomes concerned because past projects show a pattern of 
abuse.
    For example, the Boston Courthouse--this $218 million 
monstrosity is a quintessential symbol of excess. When 
complete, this courthouse will contain a six-story atrium, 63 
private bathrooms, 37 libraries, and 33 private kitchens. In 
addition, the courthouse will contain more than $750,000 of art 
work, and a $1.5 million dock.
    Who asked for all these amenities? The judges. Well, of 
course, they're not the ones who are going to have to pay for 
it.
    The Federal Government spent $13 million for the services 
of world-renowned architect I.M. Paye to create this monument 
to Government waste. Believe it or not, Paye commissioned an 
$80,000 model of this courthouse made out of imported African 
wood.
    Case No. 2, the Foley Square Courthouse in New York cost 
taxpayers $300 million, or more than $400 per square foot. The 
General Services Administration's Inspector General testified 
that Foley Square incurred more than $120 million in change 
orders, including adding carpeting valued at $114 per square 
yard.
    A little reminder, GSA-scheduled carpeting is only $20 per 
square yard.
    Doors and hardware which were originally estimated at 
$1,300 per set increased to $9,000 per door set because special 
woods and hardware were used.
    The latest example of excess, the proposed relocation of 
the PTO complex, has become a pitched battle on and off Capitol 
Hill.
    A report by Deva and Associates and Jefferson Solutions 
estimated that relocation would actually save money. A followup 
report by the accounting firm of Arthur Andersen shows just the 
opposite. Diva and Associates' comparison between an 
unconsolidated scenario and a consolidated one shows a cost 
savings of $72 million.
    CAGW doubts the accuracy of this figure because a number of 
items slated for the new location, such as pantries and a child 
care facility, are soon to be added to the current space if 
they don't move. These little extras add up to $17 million.
    Another reason to question Diva and Associates is because 
of their gross under-estimation in moving cost--$5 million--
even though Congress passed a cap of $135 million in such 
costs.
    Diva and Associates estimates total furniture cost of $65 
million, and everyone has been talking about the furniture and 
the different amenities. Well, they talk about worst-case 
scenarios. This is an Armageddon scenario when we talk about a 
$250 shower curtain. This is way beyond worst case.
    A September, 1998, Arthur Andersen report rebuts the 
Jefferson Solutions report on per square foot cost. In 
particular, the Arthur Andersen audit states--and this is a 
direct quote--``There is an error in the Jefferson Solutions 
report. The report compares an estimate of the current blended 
lease rate of $27.89 per occupiable square foot to the proposed 
lease rate of $25.41 per square foot.''
    Our analysis reveals that the $25 figure--it is on a 
rentable square foot basis. Rentable square footage is always 
greater square space than occupiable, thus bringing down their 
per square footage cost.
    According to Arthur Andersen, ``Thus, Jefferson Solutions' 
conclusion that the proposed relocation would result in lower 
direct lease cost to PTO is incorrect.''
    Based on the data presented in the report, a PTO relocation 
from its existing space to a consolidated facility would, in 
fact, result in higher direct lease cost. This is your classic 
apples and oranges comparison game.
    In addition, Department of Commerce's Inspector General is 
concerned about the construction because of inadequate space 
planning and the risk of an expensive build-out.
    An analysis of the cost associated with construction of the 
new PTO office space reveals that total construction and 
mortgage cost for the 20-year lease are estimated at $1.6 
billion. This is twice the cost of the Ronald Reagan Building.
    After 20 years, the Federal Government won't even own the 
building. What will taxpayers have to show for a $1.6 billion 
building? Absolutely nothing.
    The most popular counter-argument advanced by proponents of 
PTO relocation is that no tax dollars will be used for this 
cons. Well, instead of requiring the American taxpayer to shell 
out the money, large and small inventors will be made to pay 
more in fees to construct the new complex.
    Senator Chafee. Mr. Williams, you're going to have to wind 
up here.
    Mr. Williams. OK.
    CAGW recommends that legislation to privatize PTO has 
passed the House and awaits action by the Senate, so let's take 
a step back. Let's not put the cart before the horse.
    Second, the Arthur Andersen report calls into question the 
entire basis and rationale for moving to a new relocation, and 
this deserves greater scrutiny.
    This concludes my testimony, and I'll be glad to answer any 
questions you may have.
    Senator Chafee. Thank you, Mr. Williams.
    Let me just say this about the move. Obviously, we have a 
duty to look at expense factors. But running any organization 
that's scattered in 18 buildings seems to me to be a formula 
for disaster. So I believe consolidation make sense. The 
expenses are important, and they should be reviewed, but having 
people scattered in 18 locations for one organization seems to 
me not a good way to do business.
    Now, both you and Mr. Sepp mentioned the Arthur Andersen 
study. We'd like to get copies of that. Can you provide us with 
copies of that, Mr. Sepp?
    Mr. Sepp. Yes.
    Senator Chafee. Who's got the copies?
    Mr. Sepp. We both do.
    Senator Chafee. OK. I'll choose you, Mr. Sepp, if you could 
be responsible for seeing----
    Mr. Sepp. Sure.
    Senator Chafee. When could we get those? Today?
    Mr. Sepp. Yes.
    Senator Chafee. All right. I would appreciate that.
    Next, I'd just like to put one thing to rest, if I might.
    To show you how we can stay on the high level, let's 
concentrate on the $250 shower curtain. It is my understanding 
that there is a list of amenities or furnishings that GSA 
provides for an organization, and if the organization wants to 
spend all of it on shower curtains at $250, that's fine. The 
only thing is, there wouldn't be any money for chairs in the 
rooms. That's the way I understand it.
    I don't think we ought to keep beating up on $250 shower 
curtains, because it all comes out of one pot. Each of us as 
Senators are given X dollars to run our offices. Presumably we 
could spend an exorbitant amount on sofas, but, if so, we 
wouldn't have any money left for paper or stamps or whatever it 
might be.
    If you want to argue against that, Mr. Williams, you go 
ahead.
    Mr. Williams. Well, with all due respect, Senator, the 
Foley Square Courthouse in New York, as I mentioned, had $120 
million in change orders, and $60 million of those dollars were 
not accountable in a competitively bid process. So----
    Senator Chafee. That's a different subject from these 
furnishings for the project, though.
    Mr. Williams. There are opportunities to spend more money 
when it comes to the build-out and other costs.
    Senator Chafee. Well, I think your points about the Foley 
Square Courthouse--obviously, that must have been done before I 
was chairman of this committee.
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Chafee. But I don't dare look.
    Senator Warner, what would you like to do? Why don't you 
take over. It's your subcommittee.
    I want to thank everybody for testifying. There's one more 
panel to come.
    Senator Warner [assuming the chair]. Thank you, Mr. 
Chairman. I apologize for my absence. We had a death in the 
family, and I was privileged to give the eulogy. And then, once 
on the plane, the plane malfunctioned and returned to the 
airport. Everybody has been through these experiences. But 
anyway, I'm here.
    What I'd like to do, with the concurrence of my good friend 
and colleague, is to bring panel one back and propound a series 
of questions which I hope can begin to right this listing ship 
a little bit, so if Mr. Peck and Mr. Lehman will return, I 
thank them.
    Now, Mr. Peck, in 1995 you, along with the existing 
landlord, testified before this committee in support of the 
committee-passed resolution. What, in your opinion, has changed 
since that time?
    Mr. Peck. Just to correct the record, it wasn't me in 1995, 
but it was my predecessor. GSA did testify in favor.
    Nothing has happened since that time to change our basic 
conclusion about the advisability of going ahead with this 
project in this manner.
    Senator Warner. All right. And I note the following. The 
committee transcript, in which the Charles E. Smith Companies 
testified, says, ``We should note that the Smith Company has 
been pleased in the manner in which this solicitation has been 
managed by both PTO and GSA.'' That was said by their Group 
Senior Vice President for the Charles E. Smith Companies, 
accompanied by Mr. Cogood and one of the CEOs.
    The second one, Mr. Peck. The Patent and Trademark 
consolidation has received criticism for providing day care 
centers, fitness centers, and cafeteria space. Are these types 
of facilities included in other ongoing Government 
procurements?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. I can report to you that GSA operates--
or at least houses in our buildings across the country--109 day 
care centers. I don't know the numbers on cafeterias or fitness 
centers, but I can tell you that they are, in large buildings, 
more the rule than the exception.
    Senator Warner. Mr. Lehman, what assurances are you 
prepared to give this committee and the Congress that you are 
prepared to control the costs on this project?
    Mr. Lehman. Mr. Chairman, the budget process will provide a 
careful check on our spending. Any requests for funds will be 
reviewed by me, by the Secretary of Commerce, by the Office of 
Management and Budget, and by the Congress, of course.
    Second, the memorandum of understanding between the General 
Services Administration and the PTO incorporates a number of 
cost control measures.
    Also--and I referred to this earlier, in my earlier 
testimony--the Inhofe-Brownback amendment to the appropriations 
bill, and we support that amendment, places caps on build-out 
and moving costs comparable to the amounts to be spent to 
build-out and move other Federal agencies. We welcome that 
amendment, and we have never intended, never intended at all, 
Mr. Chairman, to spend more than our counterparts in other 
agencies. Hopefully, if anything, we'll come out with a little 
less.
    Senator Warner. Thank you.
    Have either you or Mr. Lehman or anyone in your respective 
organizations seen the Arthur Andersen report?
    Mr. Peck. Senator Warner, I just saw it for the first time 
about 10 minutes ago, but I have not really had a chance to 
review it.
    Mr. Lehman. No, sir, I haven't seen it.
    Senator Warner. Now we'll resume the questions to panel 2, 
and I'll defer to my colleagues, if you wish to initiate a 
question or two, and then I'll followup.
    Senator Sessions. Let me ask the panelists, it seems to 
me--you know, we've been accused of ``living in spin'' in this 
town, and everybody spins things a little; if they're for 
something, they put the best look to it. But it seems to me--
and I'll ask you if you agree with this--that there has been a 
stated commitment to not increase the rent, but the rent is 
just for a shell building, and there have been extraordinary 
additional expenditures on top of that. You've got the $88 
million, plus another $29 million, for interior. And if you 
figure that, you've exceeded the GSA standard of $36 per square 
foot to $58 per square foot. I'm not sure they disagreed with 
me, but I wasn't sure.
    Am I wrong about that? Would any of you like to comment on 
it? Mr. Kirk?
    Mr. Kirk. Thank you, Senator, I would.
    The understanding that we have is that this cold, dark 
shell that this SFO is calling for is going to be built out 
with this $88 million. But this $88 million must come from the 
successful bidder. He must pay for that out of the funds that 
he receives through the rent. So whether the building is 
completed and he pays a given amount of rent, or whether the 
building is not quite completed and he pays a given amount of 
rent and provides the $88 million, the rent won't change.
    As far as the above standard, AIPLA believe--at least our 
association believes--that this is something that the Patent 
and Trademark Office employees are entitled to. We do not wish 
to treat them as second class citizens. We want to give them 
the sort of----
    Senator Sessions. You want to give them a high standard. 
The standard is $36, and you are prepared to go to $58, so the 
IG has now made a decision on how palatial their offices should 
be.
    Mr. Kirk. Well, as I said, we don't agree with your figure 
of $58, but we believe that these people should be entitled to 
the same kind of facilities that the private sector has so that 
we can get the best qualified patent and trademark examiners 
and retain them in the Office. It is important----
    Senator Sessions. Are they entitled to better standards of 
office space than any other Government employee?
    Mr. Kirk. I do not believe that they will have better 
quality office space than any other Government employee with 
this prospectus, sir.
    Senator Sessions. And I believe the Inspector General's 
Office did conclude that the expenditure of an additional $29 
million would violate Federal law, without approval, and no 
approval has been obtained.
    Mr. Kirk. I would defer to the Inspector General to comment 
on that, sir. That was not my understanding, though.
    Senator Sessions. Let me ask Mr. Williams or Mr. Sepp if 
they want to comment on any of that.
    Mr. Williams. Well, in particular, Citizens Against 
Government Waste is concerned about the domino effect of this 
building. We are talking now about a new U.N. building; that's 
probably going to cost $500 per square foot. We need to put an 
end to this. The courthouses were bad enough; Boston was bad 
enough; Foley Square was bad enough; the Ronald Reagan Building 
was bad enough. We need to put a stop to the extravagance that 
the Federal Government is paying for. There is no surplus in 
Washington, and you have to be more careful with the way you 
spend tax dollars or the user fees that inventors pay.
    Mr. Sepp. Senator, I also refer you to some testimony by 
Kenneth Addison. He was not a witness for the committee today, 
but he asked that his testimony be read into the record.
    He said in his testimony, ``While we have been told of the 
overwhelming requirement for additional space, some 200,000 
square feet of currently leased space remain unoccupied. As for 
the new building''--and I'm paraphrasing--``the need for and 
justification of amphitheaters cannot be credibly established, 
and would seem to represent a poor investment. Conversely, 
meeting rooms and auditoriums capable of accommodating several 
thousand people are readily commercially available across the 
street.''
    Now, obviously there is some doubt as to whether or not all 
of these build-outs are necessary, and this is coming straight 
from some of the users of the Patent Office.
    Senator Sessions. Well, I understand that. We all have to 
do sometimes with less than we would like. My wife had me look 
at my son's old car's tires the other day. She wanted him to 
get a new set, and I said, ``I think you can get another 
quarter out of them before we buy a new set.'' Now maybe if he 
has a wreck, I'll be in trouble.
    But you have to make decisions. We all do, and having 
things as perfect as we would like is not possible.
    But give it to me precisely, Mr. Kirk: the $29 million 
extra is extra costs?
    Mr. Kirk. Yes, sir.
    Senator Sessions. And that would amount--if you added the 
$88 million and the $29 million together--it would amount to 
$58 per square foot build-out, which would exceed GSA standard 
build-out costs for a shell building?
    Mr. Kirk. Senator, you can look at it from that 
perspective----
    Senator Sessions. I mean, isn't what I said correct?
    Mr. Kirk. Well, approached from that direction, that is 
correct. But you could also say, Senator, that if you didn't 
have the build-out and you had the warm, finished shell so that 
you don't need the $88 million to finish the build-out, then 
you'd be back to the basic $29 million. And as far as we are 
concerned, we believe that this is something that is desirable.
    Let me just say that I am somewhat troubled because it 
seems to me that we are up here condemning the construction of 
the Foley Square Courthouse, the Boston Courthouse, and some 
outhouse built by the Park Service. We're not talking about 
that. Nobody is supporting that. Nobody is supporting a $500 
per square foot building.
    I looked up the cost of the Pentagon. The Pentagon is 3.7 
million square feet, built for less than $90 million. We could 
say, well, everything is outrageous compared to that----
    Senator Sessions. The year was 1939-1940.
    Mr. Kirk. That's correct.
    So I think we need to put this into perspective, and we 
believe that this is a reasonable basis. But the bottom line 
for our association, sir, is competition. Competition. Let us 
have competition and let the best competitor get the bid.
    Senator Sessions. Well, I am just trying to get at the 
right facts and what the figures are, and it seems to me that 
we do have higher figures than are being represented. GSA 
figures are one thing, but for the taxpayers and for the 
Government, it's GSA figures plus the extra money, and that's 
where we have to evaluate whether or not we've got a good cost.
    And then, in addition to that, I think we could ask 
ourselves, what about the Ronald Reagan Building, three blocks 
from the White House? It came in, apparently, for less than 
this structure would cost, certainly, over the life--about half 
of what this structure would cost over the life of the lease.
    Have you figured that out, Mr. Sepp or Mr. Williams? Do you 
have any numbers on that, what the total lease costs would be?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. I can tell you that the Ronald Reagan 
Building is financed through the Federal Financing Bank, so it 
enjoys a much more favorable interest rate than could any 
private developer, and we're going to take PTO through a 
private development process. But we pay the Federal Financing 
Bank $65 million per year for the Ronald Reagan Building over 
the course of 27 years.
    Senator Sessions. What does that mean?
    Mr. Peck. Well, it's costing us more for the Ronald Reagan 
Building, if that's the answer. And it's probably about the 
same amount of usable square footage.
    Senator Sessions. The numbers look almost exactly alike.
    So it would cost you more. And what would be your annual 
payment on this building?
    Mr. Peck. Our annual payment on this building is--today it 
is approximately $57 million, but escalated to 2002, it will be 
about $64 million. But again, the comparison with the Ronald 
Reagan Building today would be $57 million.
    Senator if I might, on this question----
    Senator Warner. On the question of comparisons, if you 
would yield for a moment----
    Senator Sessions. Yes, sir, I sure would.
    Senator Warner.----what if the PTO stays where they are? 
What is going to be the cost to the taxpayer?
    Mr. Peck. Well, the point is that per square foot, we are 
paying the same amount for PTO in the existing location per 
rentable square foot as we will in the other location. And the 
point that I keep trying to make is that that rentable square 
foot dollar includes the cost of the $88 million fit-out. 
That's the way the private sector real estate market works. 
It's included in that cost. The only thing that is above that 
is the $29 million.
    What I want to emphasize is that in the private sector, in 
the real estate market, we are operating in the Government like 
the private sector does. This is good news, and it is common--
it is usual--in the private sector that the landlord gives what 
is called a ``standard fit-out,'' which most of us who have 
ever leased from private landlords consider less than adequate, 
but nonetheless they call it standard, and then you pay for 
what is called ``above standard.'' Maybe the terminology is 
unfortunate, but nonetheless, it is quite common for people to 
pay ``above standard'' to get what they believe is the 
minimally adequate build-out for their purposes.
    Senator Warner. Well, my only point to you, Mr. Peck, is 
that when you represent that the cost of the fit-out is $36, 
and not count the $29 million extra, you're not accurately 
representing the cost of this building. When you add both 
together it comes out at $58, and that exceeds the GSA 
standard.
    Let me ask you this, though. With regard to the Ronald 
Reagan Building, which was supposed to last 200 years and be 
owned by the Government, the cost per year is the same, 
virtually, as this building will be, and after 20 years we will 
not have anything.
    Mr. Peck. As Commissioner Lehman noted, we may have an 
option to purchase the building at some point, but the 
Government made a decision to build this as a leased structure 
some time ago.
    Senator Warner. I may have been here, but I've been denying 
responsibility for a lot of decisions since I haven't had 2 
years here yet.
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Warner. I understand. There was a lot of 
decisionmaking went into that. But as Senator Smith said, maybe 
we ought to think about that and learn from this process. If we 
can buy a building for the same cost that it takes to rent one, 
then maybe we need to rethink how we do business.
    Mr. Chairman, thank you for your leadership on all these 
issues. I've got to get back on the bridge of this ship and get 
it going again. I'm in favor of this project, and I'll get it 
going here in a moment.
    But let me bring to your attention the following. In the 
testimony, Mr. Peck, I quote, ``If the project is delayed, 
extending existing leases with fundamental building 
improvements to match market comparables will cost an 
additional $6.4 million annually, $32 million over the typical 
5-year lease extension.''
    So there are some savings to the taxpayers associated with 
this move, in your judgment?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. As we noted, it would cost the landlord 
money, which would be passed on to us, to bring these buildings 
up to the same standard.
    Senator Warner. Sure.
    I want to first ask Mr. Kirk, you are one of the usual 
organizations that you represent. Is there any truth to the 
rumor that the inventor community somehow is not in favor of 
this project?
    Mr. Kirk. Clearly there are certain inventors that have 
expressed opposition to this, Senator Warner, but the members 
of AIPLA who represent private and corporate inventors before 
the Patent and Trademark Office have not seen that. We believe 
that, given the information that the cost to the Patent and 
Trademark Office, which is passed along in user fees, is going 
to be less under this new procurement than the office would 
otherwise be paying today. When this information is placed 
before any person--be it an inventor or a person in the 
street--``Would you rather pay less than more?'' And they say, 
``Less.''
    So we believe that with information, there will be a lot of 
support for this going forward.
    Senator Warner. All right. Thank you very much.
    This record will remain open. If some of those groups want 
to submit testimony, I invite them. The purpose of this hearing 
is to bring as much daylight as I can possibly shed on this 
project. That's the sole reason for doing it, because this 
project is going forward as of now. There is no further action 
required, but I felt obligated, since one of my colleagues had 
gone to the Floor and brought to the attention of the Senate a 
very distressing set of facts, and I gave him the opportunity--
he's otherwise engaged, Senator McCain; he may yet come--but 
the point is to bring daylight and to invite all to submit 
their views on this project. So I'm inviting that.
    Now, Mr. Sepp, I've had a long relationship with your 
organization. Have you checked the archives?
    Mr. Sepp. Oh, yes. You've won our ``Taxpayer Friend'' award 
a number of times.
    Senator Warner. So I try to do the best I can.
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Sepp. We appreciate it.
    Senator Warner. I had to drag that out of you, but you're 
getting there.
    You know, it's interesting. We cannot be unmindful of 
what's going on in our city today. And there's an accusation 
that's going around that's called ``fairness.'' My question to 
you, have you availed yourself of an opportunity to sit down 
and talk to either the PTO or the GSA allow them to speak to 
some of the very dramatic points that you've raised here today, 
and elsewhere?
    Mr. Sepp. Well, as I am not responsible for the Government 
Relations portion of our campaign, I personally have not met 
with any representatives of GSA or PTO. However, I believe 
there is an ongoing dialog between my colleague, Al Cors, our 
Vice President for Government Affairs, and GSA and PTO. I would 
be happy to furnish you with additional information on that 
once I get into contact with Mr. Cors.
    Senator Warner. Well, it's interesting. We invited Mr. Cors 
to testify today and he declined. You're aware of that?
    Mr. Sepp. Yes.
    Senator Warner. So the most you can say is that you 
believe, you just have no----
    Mr. Sepp. Well, part of the problem is, of course, that we 
were contacted about this hearing with, unfortunately, very 
short notice, and Mr. Cors had a previous engagement----
    Senator Warner. I accept that.
    Mr. Sepp.----that he simply could not break out of. But to 
my knowledge, there is an ongoing dialog----
    Senator Warner. Well, would you provide for the record his 
response to this question at your earliest opportunity?
    Mr. Sepp. Yes. Certainly.
    [Information to be supplied follows:]
    Response of Al Cors, Jr., Vice President for Government Affairs 
                        National Taxpayers Union
    As Vice President for Government Affairs at National Taxpayers 
Union, I have made a substantial effort to seek out information from 
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) regarding their proposed 
relocation.
    Mr. Sepp is correct that I have been engaged in a written dialog 
with PTO. Upon receiving a request from PTO for a face-to-face meeting, 
I suggested that such a meeting might be more productive if I were to 
provide a written framework of concerns and questions beforehand. On 
August 14, I submitted a six-page letter to Mr. Q. Todd Dickinson, 
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Deputy Commissioner of 
Patents and Trademarks, containing detailed and specific questions 
ranging from the lease proposal's usage of ``occupiable'' and 
``rentable'' square feet, to the methodology of the Deva and Associates 
report.
    Despite having contacted Mr. Dickinson on August 27 regarding the 
status of my letter, I did not receive a reply until September 16. Mr. 
Dickinson's 2\1/4\ page letter, dated September 11, ignored most of my 
specific questions. In fact, much of the language in the letter reads 
as if it were taken from stock paragraphs in PTO's promotional 
literature on behalf of the lease proposal.
    My letter to Mr. Dickinson concluded that ``Your answers to the 
preceding questions will help us to prepare for the meeting you have 
proposed.'' PTO's anemic response indicates to me that the Government's 
motives for seeking a face-to-face meeting are grounded not in the 
desire to have a mutually beneficial dialog, but rather to script a 
public relations event. Nonetheless, I remain ready and willing to meet 
with any PTO or other Government officials, should more complete 
answers to my questions be forthcoming.
    In response to your request for full disclosure, I ask that my 
attached letter to Q. Todd Dickinson, as well as Mr. Dickinson's reply, 
be read into the hearing record.
                                 ______
                                 
       Assistant Secretary and Commissioner of Patents and 
                                            Trademarks,    
                             Patent and Trademark Office,  
                               U.S. Department of Commerce,
                          Washington, DC 20231, September 11, 1998.

    Mr. Al Cors, Jr.,
    Vice President for Government Affairs,
    National Taxpayers Union,
    108 North Alfred Street,
    Alexandria, VA 22314.

    Dear Mr. Cors: This is in response to issues raised in your August 
14 letter regarding the Patent and Trademark Office's (PTO) proposed 
long-term lease of space. While no taxpayer dollars are involved in 
this project, we recognize the Union's long history as a guardian of 
the public's pocketbook, and assure you that we are equally committed 
to the cost-conscious management of our customers' fees.
    The PTO presently occupies space in 17 buildings in Crystal City, 
with varying lease terms. The majority of our space is occupied under 
leases that expire or are cancelable between 2001 and 2004. With these 
dates fast approaching, we believe it makes good business sense for the 
PTO to proceed with a competitive procurement to obtain space for our 
operations in the future. Our need for space exists whether or not 
legislation is passed that changes the structure of the PTO.
    Given the Union's commitment to cost-conscious government 
management, we hope that you would support our goal--using competitive 
procedures to select a developer for a facility that offers the 
greatest value to the Government at the best lease rate. While some 
would prefer that we limit our space negotiations to a single source, 
our great American system of open and free business competition has 
historically produced proven benefits in value and cost savings. We 
believe the PTO's open competitive procurement will allow us to 
leverage those benefits to the advantage of our customers and the 
American people. This plan for procuring space is predicated on our 
commitment to wise and efficient use of our customers' fees.
    As you may know, a number of studies have been commissioned to 
review this procurement. All of them have found that the procurement 
has proceeded in a completely open and fair manner and that proceeding 
in this fashion would be the most cost-effective solution to our long-
term need for space.
    For example, the Business Case Analysis developed for the PTO by 
Deva and Associates, P.C. concluded that ``. . . PTO should proceed 
with the competitive procurement of a consolidated lease because the 
agency will incur, over the 20-year lease period, $72,395,278 less in 
costs in the consolidated scenario than in the unconsolidated 
scenario.''
    A review by Jefferson Solutions also found that PTO should continue 
our consolidation effort. In their report of May 15, 1998, they 
concluded that our methodology is sound, and should produce an economic 
benefit for the agency. They note, for example, that our present 
average rental rate is well above the market price for comparable 
space.
    Our approach has also been verified in an independent review by the 
Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Commerce. The IG 
also found that our strategy is reasonable, and that our approach 
should result in long-term cost savings. In its report, the IG 
confirmed the analysis that our current leased space is more expensive 
than the target amount that has been authorized by Congress.
    With regard to your question concerning waiting until the 
adjournment of the 105th Congress, it is our understanding that its 
planned adjournment is sometime in early October. If the project 
proceeds, GSA will not award the lease consolidation contract until 
sometime after that date.
    With regard to furniture and other items which you have addressed, 
the dollar figures associated with those items were developed in 
response to the broader question of the maximum that the entire project 
might cost and whether there would still be an overall cost savings. 
Even in such a ``worst case scenario'', we would still realize a 
minimum savings of $72,000,000 for our customers over our current lease 
over the lease term.
    However, as I discussed personally with you and wish to reiterate, 
the PTO is not going to purchase ``$250 shower curtains, $870 waste 
receptacles, $750 cribs, $309 ash cans or $1000 coat racks.''
    Your questions also indicate a concern with certain physical 
features of the SFO. Our analysis is that such facilities are cost-
effective and have become standard in both private and public sector 
business development. Such facilities are commonly included in newly 
consolidated Federal facilities and are often added to existing 
buildings. Especially in the current economy, we face a challenge in 
recruiting and retaining the employees that we need to serve our 
customer base. These amenities not only promote employees' physical and 
mental fitness; they become part of a package that allows the PTO to 
attract and retain the best.
    You question some of the costs associated with specific features 
for public areas. The SFO requires that lobbies ``shall employ high-
quality materials which are durable and easily maintained'', which is 
good building practice in heavily trafficked public areas. The 
materials listed are similar to finishes in many of the PTO's existing 
buildings. In addition, the SFO does not require trails, fountains, 
sculptures, or amphitheaters; such features are merely listed in the 
SFO as examples of superior site design elements in an overall 
landscape plan and can, incidentally, be found at PTO's existing 
Crystal City location. The developer can choose to include them or not, 
at its own discretion.
    As I have indicated to you, I feel that many of the concerns raised 
by your questions can be best addressed through an open discussion, and 
wish to reiterate our invitation to meet with us. The PTO believes 
strongly that we have developed a reasonable and cost-effective 
approach to solving our long-term space needs, an approach that is 
mindful of our responsibility to those who pay the fees that support 
our organization--our customers.
            Sincerely,
                                         Q. Todd Dickinson,
                           Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce  
                 and Deputy Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks.
                                 ______
                                 
                                  National Taxpayers Union,
                                   Alexandria, VA, August 14, 1998.

    Mr. Q. Todd Dickinson,
    Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce
      and Deputy Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks,
    U.S. Department of Commerce,
    Patent and Trademark Office,
    Washington, DC 20231.

    Dear Mr. Dickinson: Thank you for your recent letter and for your 
offer to answer more detailed questions regarding the Patent and 
Trademark Office (PTO) procurement of new facilities. In the interests 
of continuing our dialog, I have enclosed a series of questions related 
to our concerns. Your candor and specificity would be appreciated. 
Regarding:
Reorganization
    PTO may be entirely reorganized if the PTO privatization 
legislation currently pending before Congress becomes law. If the 
legislation passes, how will it impact your staffing levels and space 
needs?
    Will PTO need more or less space? How much?
    Please provide a detailed list of your staffing and space 
assumptions if the legislation passes.
    It would be implausible to imagine that passage of the legislation 
would have no impact on space. Why haven't you submitted two space 
plans to GSA, one if the legislation passes, and one if it does not?
    Why would it not be more prudent to wait until the conclusion of 
the 105th Congress, to see if Congress has either passed the 
legislation or not, and then submit a revised plan of space needs to 
GSA? Couldn't PTO simply remain in their current buildings for the 
period of this brief delay?
IG Report
    The Inspector General of the Department of Commerce issued a report 
on the PTO headquarters consolidation that listed 11 specific 
recommendations. Please answer the following questions in response to 
each specific recommendation (i.e., 11 separate answers to these 
questions):
    A) Do you agree with the recommendation? If you disagree, please 
state your reasons.
    B) Do you intend to implement the recommendation?
    C) What is the status of implementing the recommendation?
    D) If the recommendation has not been implemented, since it has now 
been 5 months since the IG Report was submitted, in detailed fashion, 
why have you not implemented the recommendation?
    E) If the recommendation is not implemented, when do you anticipate 
that it will be implemented?
Extravagant space items
    Why does the SFO list outdoor amphitheaters? Did you ask GSA to 
include this item? What is the justification for it? Is this a wish or 
a genuine need; in other words, could you accept space without it?
    Why does the SFO list jogging trails? Did you ask GSA to include 
this item? What is the justification for it? Is this a wish or a 
genuine need; in other words, could you accept space without it?
    Why does the SFO list fountains? Did you ask GSA to include this 
item? What is the justification for it? Is this a wish or a genuine 
need; in other words, could you accept space without it?
    Why does the SFO list sculptures? Did you ask GSA to include this 
item? What is the justification for it? Is this a wish or a genuine 
need; in other words, could you accept space without it?
Furniture and Deva Report
    Did the purchase prices for the furniture listed in the Deva Report 
come from the standard GSA office supply schedule? If not, how were the 
prices calculated? What assumptions were used? Please provide written 
back-up material detailing the specifications for each item listed in 
the report.
    We understand that PTO now takes the position that it may not 
necessarily intend to spend all the money on all the furniture items 
listed in the Deva Report. Is that true? If so, why did PTO send that 
report to Congress without that qualification?
    If the report was submitted to Congress without the qualification, 
what does that imply about PTO's commitment to cost control?
    We understand that PTO views the costs for the furniture items 
listed as ``worst case scenario'' figures. Is this true? If so, how 
were these ``worst case'' figures determined? Were they based on actual 
costs from some type of catalogue, supply schedule or other source? If 
so, please provide copies of the support materials detailing the costs.
    If the furniture section of the Deva Report lists costs that you do 
not necessarily intend to follow, does that mean that there are other 
sections of the report that PTO does not necessarily intend to follow?
    If so, what are these sections and why does PTO not intend to 
follow them?
    If not, what language in the report indicates to the reader that 
PTO does not necessarily intend to follow the cost figures listed for 
furniture, and what language indicates that the other sections of the 
report are valid and accurate, will be followed, and should be taken at 
face value?
    If PTO's position is that they are not necessarily bound by the 
costs in the furniture section of the Deva Report, does that not call 
into question the validity of the entire Deva Report?
    PTO has stated on a number of occasions that it feels it is less 
expensive to move to a location rather than to stay in its current 
location. PTO commissioned the Deva Report to justify that decision. 
Yet PTO has an office of space planning to perform this very type of 
analysis. Why did PTO need to retain an outside consultant to perform 
the same work?
    Specifically what are the areas of inadequacy within PTO's office 
of space planning that needed to be supplemented by outside counsel?
    The Deva Report was originally supposed to cost $235,000. Is this 
figure accurate? Why was such an expensive report commissioned?
    The Deva Report eventually came in well over budget and well over 
deadline. We understand that the cost escalated almost 40 percent to 
$327,000. Is this the final cost? What was the justification for the 
cost overrun?
    We understand that the Deva Report was originally intended to take 
4 months to complete. Is this accurate? We understand that PTO gave 
Deva and Associates six separate time extensions. Is this accurate? 
What was the justification for the delays?
    When was the final report sent to PTO? How many months over the 
original deadline was the report sent to PTO?
    Since the Deva Report was well over budget and well over deadline, 
what does that imply about the quality of work produced by Deva and 
Associates and about their own commitment to cost control, let alone 
evaluating the cost control of the PTO headquarters consolidation?
    Deva and Associates wrote to PTO stating, ``we do not express an 
opinion on whether the `Business Case Analysis of Space and Facilities 
Management' is presented in conformity with the American Institute of 
Certified Public Accountants presentation guidelines or on whether the 
underlying assumptions provide a reasonable basis for the presentation. 
Had we performed additional procedures, other matters might have come 
to our attention and would have been reported to you.'' How could PTO 
spend $327,000 for a report and not make sure that standard accounting 
rules were followed?
    How could PTO spend $327,000 for a report that did not have Deva 
and Associates provide their professional opinion on the adequacy or 
inadequacy of the assumptions that underlie the entire report and its 
ultimate conclusions?
    Since Deva and Associates did not certify that standard accounting 
rules were followed and since they took PTO's assumptions at face 
value, without critical comment on their adequacy, don't these factors 
call into question the entire reliability and value of the report?
    Please provide a list of each office in Congress to which PTO sent 
the report. Please provide the dates for transmittal of each report 
that was sent.
    Please provide a list of each person who received the report 
outside of Congress. Please provide the dates for transmittal of each 
report that was sent.
    Please provide a copy of the transmittal letter, and/or any other 
written or e-mail materials that were sent to Deva and Associates, 
starting with the first contact PTO made with Deva concerning this 
study, up to the present date.
    Deva and Associates separated their work assignment into various 
subtasks. One of them was to ``identify external sources for project 
inputs.'' Besides materials received from PTO and GSA, please provide a 
list of the people Deva and Associates interviewed outside of 
government to produce their report. Please also provide a list of the 
documents Deva and Associates reviewed from non-governmental sources.
    Why does PTO need 175 projection screens? Couldn't PTO make due 
with a small number of mobile screens at each building, kept in a 
central storage location, and used as needed? If so, how many?
    Why does PTO need 18 showers? Couldn't PTO make do with less? If 
so, how many?
    Why does PTO need 19 beds? Couldn't PTO make do with less? If so, 
how many?
Jefferson Solutions Report
    Please provide a copy of the transmittal letter, and/or any other 
written or e-mail materials that were sent to Jefferson Solutions, 
starting with the first contact the Department of Commerce made with 
Jefferson Solutions concerning this study, up to the present date.
    How much did the report cost?
    The Department has space planning professionals who perform the 
very type of analysis required under P.L. 105-174. Why did the 
Department need to retain an outside consultant to perform the same 
work?
    Specifically what are the areas of adequacy within the Department's 
space planning professional staff that needed to be supplemented by 
outside counsel?
    Please provide a list of each office in Congress to which the 
Department sent the report. Please provide the dates for transmittal of 
each report that was sent.
    Please provide a list of each person who received the report 
outside of Congress. Please provide the dates for transmittal of each 
report that was sent.
    Page A-7 of the report states, ``PTO currently has 31 leases, 
averaging $27.89 per occupiable square foot . . . The proposed lease as 
outlined in the Prospectus will reduce this cost to $25.41 per square 
foot, expressed in 1998 dollars.'' This statement is the key evidence 
cited to justify the bottom line conclusion of the report--that it is 
more expensive to stay in the current location than to move. 
Interestingly, the first figure cited is expressed in terms of 
``occupiable square feet,'' while the second figure is expressed as 
simply ``square feet.'' Is the $25.41 figure cited occupiable square 
feet, rentable square feet, or some other type of measurement of square 
feet?
    It appears that figure may be actually ``rentable'' square feet. If 
this is true, then Jefferson Solutions has used two entirely different 
standards to calculate costs and determine whether moving or staying is 
less expensive. This would, of course, make the comparison invalid. 
Here is why it appears that the $25.41 figure is ``rentable'' square 
feet. $24 per ``rentable'' square foot is the prospectus rent target. 
That figure was in 1996 dollars. 2.9 percent is the inflation escalator 
that has been used all along on this procurement. If the $24 figure 
from 1996 is multiplied by the inflation escalator, it equals the exact 
same figure in the Jefferson Solutions Report--``$25.41 per square 
foot, expressed in 1998 dollars.'' Is this indeed how Jefferson 
Solutions arrived at this figure?
    If so, does that not mean that Jefferson Solutions has used two 
different standards (``rentable'' vs. ``occupiable'' square feet) to 
compare the cost of moving vs. staying?
    If so, does that not invalidate the conclusion of the report--that 
it is less expensive to move, than to stay?
    If so, shouldn't the same standards be used to accurately compare 
the costs of moving vs. staying (i.e., either occupiable vs. occupiable 
or rentable vs. rentable)?
    What is PTO's calculation of the cost of moving vs. staying, 
comparing occupiable square feet to occupiable square feet?
    What is PTO's calculation of the cost of moving vs. staying 
comparing rentable square feet to rentable square feet?
Above standard build-out
    Please provide a detailed breakdown of the $29 million cited for 
above standard build-out, listing each item covered within this figure. 
Provide a detailed specification for each item.
    Are above standard build-out costs in addition to the furniture and 
other move-in needs in the Deva Report?
    Please provide a chart that shows the total build-out costs for the 
entire procurement, broken down for the categories of general office 
space, special use space, multi-use space, and other space, along with 
whatever subcategories apply to these general categories. In doing so, 
indicate the cost per occupiable square foot for: special use space, 
multi-use space, and other space; in other words for any space that 
does not fall within the category of general office space whose costs 
would be $36.69 per occupiable square foot.
Fitness Center, Day Care, and Cafeteria
    PTO has requested that its office space include a cafeteria. Is 
this a wish or a genuine need; in other words, could you accept space 
without a cafeteria if you had to? Do you have any data to show the 
lack of restaurants within the general vicinity of the three sites that 
are now up for bid?
    PTO has requested that its office space include a fitness center. 
Is this a wish or a genuine need; in other words, could you accept 
space without a fitness center if you had to? Do you have any data to 
show the lack of private fitness centers within the general vicinity of 
the three sites that are now up for bid?
    PTO has requested that its office space include a day care center. 
Is this a wish or a genuine need; in other words, could you accept 
space without a day care center if you had to? Do you have any data to 
show the lack of private day care centers within the general vicinity 
of the three sites that are now up for bid?
    Instead of PTO operating a cafeteria, fitness center, and day care 
center, could the space plan simply provide for vacant commercial 
space, and then encourage private sector bids to open a privately run 
cafeteria, fitness center, and day care center?
    Could you support that alternative?
    If that alternative we--chosen, wouldn't that save the costs of 
such items as interior build-out and furniture?
    Your answers to the preceding questions will help us to prepare for 
the meeting you have proposed. We may have additional questions, but 
this should be a good start.
    Thank you again for your cooperation. We look forward to your 
answers.
            Sincerely,
       Al Cors, Jr., Vice President for Government Affairs,
                                          National Taxpayers Union.
    Senator Warner. Can either Mr. Peck or Mr. Lehman 
corroborate the fact that the organization which Mr. Sepp is 
representing today did or did not at any level in your 
organizations make contact for the purpose of exchanging facts?
    Mr. Lehman. Mr. Chairman, we on several occasions attempted 
to contact the organization that you referred to, and in fact 
we have written a letter--two separate letters--requesting that 
they come and get a complete briefing on what we're doing. And 
we have yet to receive any response to that, other than ``no.'' 
There have been some telephone conversations----
    Senator Warner. Did they give you a written response that 
said no?
    Mr. Lehman. No, I don't believe we received any--we 
received some questions from them, but they declined to meet 
with us and receive a briefing on the matter.
    Senator Warner. Mr. Peck?
    Mr. Peck. Mr. Chairman, our staff here, including a couple 
of people who are intimately involved with this project, tell 
me that they have not met with NTU, nor had a request to meet 
with them from NTU. But I can't speak for the entire 
organization, obviously.
    Senator Warner. You have a lot of very important factual 
information, Mr. Sepp, which you have included in your 
testimony, and indeed used in your public--and you have a 
perfectly legitimate right; I'm not contesting that. Are you at 
liberty to tell us the sources of those facts?
    Mr. Sepp. Well, we have been contacted by a number of 
organizations due to our work on things like the Reagan 
Building, for example. We appeared in the press, speaking out 
on Federal public works projects. I know that----
    Senator Warner. We'll let you stick to this particular 
project. Are you at liberty to tell us from whence you got a 
lot of the information?
    Mr. Sepp. Well, as a result of our public presence on this 
issue we've been contacted by groups, such as Patent Office 
Professional Organization. I know that Citizens Against 
Government Waste, as well, with its involvement in this issue, 
has certainly shared information.
    Senator Warner. I'm reading from an article in the Fairfax 
Journal, which is a very large newspaper in Northern Virginia, 
and it is Friday, September 18, 1998.
    Mr. Sepp. Oh, yes. I'm aware of that.
    Senator Warner. And they make the following allegation: 
``The group''--referring to you--``a nonpartisan independent 
research group, working for lower taxes, admitted using 
materials supplied by Smith''--that's Charles E. Smith--``and 
the press releases issued by Smith, and the group's Vice 
President for Government Relations, Mr. Cors, met with the 
Patton-Boggs staffers to discuss the PTO.''
    Do you have any means to verify the accuracy of that 
statement?
    Mr. Sepp. Oh, yes. We have received information from the 
Smith Company, along with many other organizations.
    Senator Warner. They have a perfect right to do that. Mr. 
Cors met with them, but I am somewhat taken aback that he did 
not take the initiative to meet with either of the sources of a 
different side of facts.
    Mr. Sepp. Well, of course, as the gentleman pointed out, 
there is apparently some written dialog between Mr. Cors and 
the Government.
    Senator Warner. Well, that concludes my questioning of this 
panel--one other question here, to Mr. Sepp, please.
    The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee conducted 
three individual hearings on the subject of the PTO. This 
committee has also placed an extremely low rent cap on what GSA 
can pay to lease space for the PTO in the committee's 
resolution.
    Is it your opinion that the Government should not attempt, 
through competition, to obtain the best quality facility it can 
use for these rent dollars?
    Mr. Sepp. I certainly believe that competition belongs in 
Government procurement policies, as well as a fair and level 
playing field. It is the position of my organization that the 
lease option needs further examination and ought to be compared 
with buying a building outright, locating at another site, or 
renovating existing facilities. We do not have a particular 
guiding preference, except that at this point, among the 
current alternatives, we think that renovating existing space 
would be preferable to leasing. That does not rule out other 
options.
    Senator Warner. I can understand that, and you have a 
perfect right to make that assumption. But do you think it has 
been a level playing field?
    Mr. Sepp. At this point, no. As my testimony indicates, and 
I would invite you to review it----
    Senator Warner. I have looked it over, yes.
    Mr. Sepp.----there is at least one differing opinion from 
an Arthur Andersen study that the lease option is not 
necessarily the most cost-effective one.
    Senator Warner. And we, the committee, now have in our 
possession as of today, together with the other two witnesses, 
the Arthur Andersen report.
    Mr. Sepp, in your testimony you state that you are 
convinced that an upgrade of the PTO's current facilities is 
the most ``responsible'' approach for the taxpayer.
    Is it your position, then, that the responsible action in 
this matter would be to negotiate a sole source lease with the 
PTO's existing landlord, without competition, to serve as a 
check on the fairness of the current landlord's offer?
    Mr. Sepp. Not at all, Senator. As the second portion of my 
quote in the testimony indicates, we could also support 
additional options in other States, as well as the choice of 
building rather than leasing, should further study prove any of 
these courses to be more cost-effective.
    Senator Warner. All right. That concludes all my questions.
    Senator do you have any followup?
    Senator Sessions. With regard to the $88 million build-out, 
Mr. Peck, is that figure a ceiling or not? Can it be exceeded?
    Mr. Peck. It cannot be exceeded for the very reason that it 
is embedded in the rent, which we are going to pay to whoever 
wins this competition.
    Senator Sessions. Could you agree to pay a higher rent if 
that figure went up?
    Mr. Peck. Would we?
    Senator Sessions. Is there anything in the contract that 
would allow you to avoid that?
    Mr. Peck. No, sir.
    Senator Sessions. With regard to the $88 million, it is 
your testimony that there is a ceiling on that? That's all I 
was asking.
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir, there is a ceiling in our solicitation.
    Senator Sessions. A ceiling in what?
    Mr. Peck. In our solicitation, yes, sir.
    Senator Sessions. Are those the kind of ceilings that can 
be raised by mutual agreement of the parties?
    Mr. Peck. No, sir, because we are bound by the action of 
this committee and the House committee on a maximum rent that 
we can pay to the offerors.
    Senator Sessions. Well, we have this habit, you know, of 
building buildings; Ronald Reagan started it at $382 million 
and ended up at $800 million. Are you prepared to tell us that 
you will not come back and ask for a higher rent because of 
unexpected costs?
    Mr. Peck. Senator, I would never say never, but it is 
important to point out that the Ronald Reagan Building was 
built under a completely different kind of financing scheme, as 
were some of the other projects noted by some of the members of 
the panel.
    Senator Sessions. Well, I guess the truth is, then, that 
there is no legal prohibition that would prohibit--that would 
guarantee the taxpayers today that they wouldn't be faced with 
a negotiated increase in some of these costs?
    Mr. Peck. Well, Senator, let me be clear. Assuming we issue 
the go-ahead on this, we award the lease, it will only be 
awarded at the maximum amount allowed us by the prospectus. In 
other words, I am telling you right now that when we complete 
this procurement process, we will award within the limit that 
Congress made, which is to say to you, I am not coming back 
here to ask you for more money on this lease.
    Senator Sessions. And with regard to the $29 million, 
that's a matter that would be handled by the Patent Office, and 
not your business?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir, but under the oversight of their 
Appropriations Subcommittee and Committee, obviously.
    Senator Sessions. Well, there has been oversight on all 
these buildings where we've had cost overruns. I mean, the idea 
that there is a firm ceiling in law is not fully accurate, I 
would say.
    Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Senator Warner. I'm going to get around to reading my 
opening statement after all panels have testified. But on page 
2, Senator, I say the following, ``The approval resolution,'' 
which I authored, ``establishes a rental cap of $24 per square 
foot. In 1998 dollars, that is $25.41 for a rental square foot, 
which is less than the current lease rate for PTO's existing 
leases. These leases average $26 per rentable square foot.''
    Is that an accurate statement, Mr. Peck?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir.
    Senator Warner. Mr. Peck, the structured bidding for this 
put a 10-mile radius around your existing location, is that 
correct?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir--well, it's not 10 miles It's--if we 
move more than 10 miles, we have to pay relocation costs.
    Senator Warner. And I want to get those relocation costs 
out. Can you give us an estimate, if this thing breaks down and 
we have to go beyond the 10 miles--to another State, for 
instance, to Maryland, the District, whatever--does anybody 
have an estimate of those costs?
    Mr. Peck. It can be a very substantial amount. It depends 
on where the employees live. It's about $35,000 to $40,000 per 
employee, the estimate of what it would cost to pay for the 
relocation.
    Senator Warner. Let's provide the committee with your best 
estimate as to the associated costs connected with that very 
important right which Government employees have, to be 
compensated under that moving 10 miles. All right?
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir, we will.
    Senator Warner. And they are significant.
    All right, that concludes our questions of this panel. I 
thank each of you very much. I again apologize for my earlier 
absence.
    We will now take Panel III. We have Mr. Frazier, Acting 
Inspector General, U.S. Department of Commerce; Mr. Allan 
Burman, President, Jefferson Solutions; and Mr. Sam Collins, 
Engagement Partner, Deva & Associates.
    Mr. Frazier, thank you very much for responding to the 
committee's invitation. We are anxious to receive your 
testimony.

 STATEMENT OF JOHNNIE FRAZIER, ACTING INSPECTOR GENERAL, U.S. 
            DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, WASHINGTON, D.C.

    Mr. Frazier. Thank you, sir. Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman 
and members of the committee. I am pleased to appear before you 
today to discuss our review of the Patent and Trademark 
Office's plan to consolidate its facilities and operations and 
to accommodate its future space requirements.
    We in the Office of the Inspector General have a 
longstanding tradition of reviewing many of Commerce's major 
real estate activities and working to promote the efficient 
management of the Department's facilities. Hence, we share the 
committee's interest in ensuring that PTO is housed in 
facilities that meet its needs in the most cost-effective 
manner. To this end, we welcome the opportunity to discuss the 
findings of our review.
    Given the size and importance of this project, our office 
conducted a review to determine, first, whether it was 
justified, and second, whether PTO was effectively managing the 
critical acquisition phase of the project. We examined PTO's 
acquisition planning and procurement strategies, as well as its 
current working environment. We also examined the respective 
roles and responsibilities of the Department, PTO, and the 
General Services Administration. Our analysis did not cover the 
acquisition of new furniture or moving costs for the 
consolidated facility; that cost information was not available 
before we issued our report.
    The results of our review were mixed. PTO was doing a 
number of important things well. Conversely, we identified 
areas of concern that warranted the attention of the Department 
and PTO managers. Let me briefly summarize for you our basic 
findings and recommendations, as outlined in our March, 1998 
report. I will also update you as to what actions PTO and the 
Department have taken in response to our report.
    First and foremost, we determined then--and continue to 
believe--that PTO has justified its need for more modern, 
contiguous space that is, one, more efficient and less 
expensive than its current facilities, and two, compliant with 
the Americans With Disabilities Act and various local health 
and safety codes. We therefore recommended that the project 
continue.
    At the same time, we have been very vocal in highlighting a 
number of concerns and problems that we believe must be 
addressed to best minimize risk, improve efficiency, and keep 
the costs in check.
    We reported that PTO had not completed its space planning, 
primarily because it had not reached an agreement with all of 
its employee unions over space-related issues. We also noted 
that PTO had not considered the full beneficial effect of its 
systems re-engineering efforts. As systems and processes become 
more automated and more efficient, less paper and fewer 
employees will probably be needed. While PTO has reduced its 
space requirements by eliminating the patent examiners' paper 
search files, PTO believes that greater benefits from 
automation and reengineering will not be realized until it is 
moved into the consolidated facilities.
    In addition, we were concerned over the build-out strategy 
that PTO was pursuing. Our main concern was the lack of a 
ceiling on the $29 million cost for the above standard build-
out.
    Another of our concerns was the lack of a written agreement 
between PTO and GSA. We were primarily concerned that without 
such an agreement, the rights and obligations of each agency 
would not be defined, including PTO's right to relinquish 
unneeded space to GSA.
    We also noted that GSA's fees were not defined, and that 
this could actually act as a disincentive for sound management 
practices.
    Finally, we recommended that GSA continue in its role as 
the lease development manager.
    PTO, the Department, and GSA all responded to our draft 
report. They have agreed with most of our recommendations. Not 
surprisingly, they agreed that the project should proceed. But 
I am also pleased to tell you that the Department and PTO have 
taken a number of steps to address our concerns. PTO has 
accelerated its space planning and is reportedly prepared to 
proceed with the contract award, using its draft space plan, 
even if it has not reached an agreement with all of its unions. 
Admittedly, this is management's dilemma. This approach is not 
ideal and increases the risk of schedule delay and the 
possibility of higher costs.
    However, in our opinion, delaying the project will likely 
result in greater risk and higher costs.
    As we recommended, PTO and GSA concluded a memorandum of 
understanding on September 4th, 1998. This written agreement 
addresses our concerns regarding GSA's fees, PTO's right to 
turn back unneeded space, and GSA's role as the construction 
manager. Although we have not yet had an opportunity to examine 
the fee structure in detail, the MOU appears to allocate risks 
between PTO and GSA and define the rights and responsibilities 
of each agency.
    There was, however, one area of strong disagreement. PTO 
did not agree that a contractual ceiling for the build-out was 
necessary to reduce the risk of cost growth. PTO suggested that 
the annual budget process would ensure that the Government 
resources were not wasted. Here also there has been progress, 
though. Our concern that PTO did not have a firm ceiling on its 
$29 million build-out is being addressed, by the Congress, 
primarily, and PTO and GSA also, with legislation pending in 
both the Senate and the House. There seems to be growing 
Congressional support for the $29 million ceiling.
    In addition, PTO and GSA have agreed to manage the build-
out effort to this ceiling. As an added safeguard, we would 
like to see this ceiling expressed in the contract itself.
    In closing, I would like to reiterate my belief that PTO 
needs to continue to move forward with its competitive space 
consolidation project because it is in the best interest of the 
Department and the inventing public. We believe that the 
greater risk lies in delaying this project. At the same time, I 
cannot overemphasize the importance of carefully managing this 
project to contain costs as it continues.
    This concludes my statement. I will gladly answer any 
questions.
    Senator Warner. Mr. Collins?

  STATEMENT OF SAMUEL R. COLLINS, ENGAGEMENT PARTNER, DEVA & 
              ASSOCIATES, P.C., BETHESDA, MARYLAND

    Mr. Collins. Mr. Chairman, I am Sam Collins. I'm the 
Engagement Partner for the Certified Public Accounting firm of 
Deva & Associates. I am pleased to testify today before the 
subcommittee on the activities of my firm relating to the space 
consolidation effort of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
    Under contract with PTO, Deva & Associates published a 
report entitled, ``U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Business 
Case Analysis of Space and Facilities Management.'' Before I 
discuss the activities of Deva with respect to this particular 
project, I would like to give you a little bit of background 
information on myself and the firm, since the National 
Taxpayers Union and others have taken a few shots at our 
credibility.
    I am a Certified Public Accountant with over 25 years of 
public accounting experience, 13 of which were with the firm of 
Ernst & Young. I have provided accounting, auditing, and 
consulting services to Federal and local agencies, to real 
estate developers, to property managers, to the banking 
industry, and to major public companies, including Fortune 500 
companies.
    My real estate, banking, and finance background were 
primarily the reason I was selected to be the project leader 
for this process.
    My firm is a firm of certified public accountants and 
management consultants. We offer a wide variety of audit and 
financial consulting services, including cost accounting, cost 
analysis, cost benefit, renovation, relocation, construction. 
My partner, Arun Deva, is also a former partner of a Big Five 
firm, and he was there for over 15 years. Our key personnel 
mostly have big firm experience, and we all have experience 
serving large and complex clients. In addition to the PTO, our 
other Federal clients include HUD, Treasury, Labor, the Office 
of Thrift Supervision, U.S. Trade Development Agency, Small 
Business Administration----
    Senator Warner. Mr. Collins, we accept your credentials.
    Mr. Collins. OK. Thank you, sir.
    Senator Warner. We're not here to debate that.
    Mr. Collins. Our effort on this project started, of course, 
when the PTO requested an independent validation of the 
projected costs. The first phase of our project was for an 
internal evaluation that was used for the 1999 budget review. 
Subsequent to completing that process, there was additional 
input from outside sources. The project was changed, to do an 
agreed-upon procedures report.
    One thing was consistent throughout the process, everything 
that my firm did for PTO was on time and within budget, which 
has been another criticism out there.
    The business case analysis, which was the final product 
under discussion now, had two objectives: to present a cost 
analysis comparing the current and consolidated scenario and 
attendant operating costs, with equivalent costs under a 
consolidated scenario. We analyzed the cost effectiveness of 
the consolidated scenario. In all cases, we tried to get an 
apple-to-apple comparison of the physical move costs, including 
the above standard costs associated with managing such a 
project. The study itself was to cover the initial 20-year 
period of the proposed lease with consideration of the project 
costs from both sides of the picture as fairly and as 
thoroughly as possible.
    There were some constraints. There was reliance on 
documented evidence, where it existed. Where there wasn't 
documented evidence, we tried to be very conservative in our 
approach. A lot of the considerations were to make, like I 
said, the apples-to-apples comparison. The application of cost 
escalators was used from the Congressional Budget Office so 
that everything would be stated in today's dollars.
    Now, the basic line for the process--we have every lease 
analyzed in the report. The report is a rather voluminous 
process. The conclusion was that PTO would incur, on a present 
dollar basis, under an unconsolidated basis--which is basically 
a continuation of where they are today--$1.031 billion. The 
costs on a consolidated basis would be $958 million and would 
result in a savings of $72.4 million.
    The process went through a detailed review. Then, just to 
make sure that the process was fair, it was then scrubbed by 
PTO, the Department of Commerce, the Office of Management and 
Budget. They all went through the process, and then Jefferson 
and BTG also reviewed the basic approach.
    I did want to point out that most of the information was 
generated by sources other than my firm. We did not create the 
data, but it was provided for us to review and determine its 
reasonableness.
    The final report was issued. I was very pleased with the 
product. I was also pleased to hear that the subcommittee 
expressed their approval. In essence, they said on June 26th, 
1998, that they had reviewed the report and presented a very 
positive--I thought--impression of the report.
    Now, before concluding, I would like to address just a few 
of the issues that have been the hot topics today, what I call 
the ``shower curtain flap.''
    Senator Warner. It is important to do that, but have you 
adequately told us where you got the worst case numbers?
    Mr. Collins. In this situation within the report?
    Senator Warner. Yes. I have the report----
    Mr. Collins. I have my own copy here.
    Yes, sir. With respect to the furniture, what we had was 
the best estimate available--what we were trying to come after 
was a best estimate of what it would take to furnish the new 
facility. And there was a study existing that everyone agreed 
was a reasonable approach to what the furnishings should be.
    Now, in trying to be straightforward with the whole 
process, the entire summary copy of that report was included in 
here, so that the source was readily identified.
    This report was pulled together primarily off of 
construction mean schedules, which are based on commercially 
available information with respect to what those costs would 
be. A lot of the furniture and fixtures in the consolidated 
scenario are going to be built in, so you have construction 
costs associated with those.
    So you have to review that every item in this furniture 
section as not only the cost of the furniture itself, it is 
also the cost of installing it in the project. The shower 
curtain itself is not just a shower curtain. It is summarized, 
it says, ``a curtain''--but this is not the chenille curtain 
that you find at Macy's or wherever ABC went during their 
review. Basically what we have here is a shower closure, OK? It 
includes all the hardware associated with that and installation 
of it.
    Senator Warner. Well, you have to be a little more careful 
in your articulation of things.
    Mr. Collins. Right. Unfortunately what I had here was--I 
took an existing document and brought it forward into this 
report. We did not rewrite the document. This is the document 
that has existed, that was created by the contractor who did 
the study. What we did was, we looked at the prices and got 
explanations when we saw a few of the items. The $1,000 coat 
rack is a closet. The $309 urn is a smoking area that includes 
a table and four chairs. You know, there's something behind 
most of the suspects that is more than the sound bytes that's 
making them newsworthy.
    Now, what I did do----
    Senator Warner. Well, welcome to the Nation's Capital, 
which runs on sound bytes.
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Collins. That's right.
    Senator Warner. But the tragedy is that this thing went all 
over the airwaves of America, and it looked like--it made us 
all look like fools----
    Mr. Collins. Yes, sir.
    Senator Warner.----this committee, the Patent Office, and 
everyone else. And then, of course, once there is blood in the 
streets, you are off and going. And that's what I'm here today 
for, to try to bring light on this thing.
    So you confess error in the terminology and the manner in 
which you described these particular items?
    Mr. Collins. Well, sir, I won't take exception to the fact 
that I didn't make the description, but I did include the 
description in the report, so I am responsible in that light.
    There was some discussion of this issue, and it was decided 
at the time that full disclosure was better than no disclosure. 
If we put numbers out there for furniture and didn't show the 
backup, then it would be worse--hindsight is always little more 
accurate.
    Anyway, the process that we're talking about on the unusual 
costs that have drawn all the attention--they are still only 
about 1.2 percent for the furniture costs, or about $760,000. 
While, I'm not saying that's something to sneeze at; we're 
talking about a project much bigger than that, and we're 
talking about savings of $72 million, which I still view as 
being very viable.
    That concludes my statement and I would welcome any 
questions you might have.
    Senator Warner. Let me go to my next witness, Mr. Burman, 
and then I may return with further questions here.

 STATEMENT OF ALLAN V. BURMAN, PRESIDENT, JEFFERSON SOLUTIONS, 
                        WASHINGTON, D.C.

    Mr. Burman. Mr. Chairman, I am Allan Burman, President of 
Jefferson Solutions. I appreciate the opportunity to review 
with you the findings of our May, 1998 report on the Patent and 
Trademark Office, prepared for the Secretary of Commerce. I do 
have a lengthy statement; if you will, I would like to submit 
it for the record and briefly summarize my remarks.
    A little bit of background on solutions. We provide 
management consulting and training services to the Federal 
Government, and our focus has been on acquisition and change 
management matters. I am a former Administrator for Federal 
Procurement Policy. I served in that position in an acting 
capacity under President Reagan; I was confirmed by the Senate 
under President Bush, and President Clinton asked me to stay on 
in that post, so I served in that position for a lengthy period 
of time.
    Our firm won a competitive award in March to provide an 
independent multidisciplinary review of PTO's 7-year 
consolidation and space acquisition process. In that effort we 
teamed with BTG, Inc., and Economic Research Associates. 
Together with us, we had skills in acquisition, real estate 
valuation, engineering, architecture, and cost estimation.
    Now, the task that we set out to do was to independently 
validate the process in four major areas: the need for new 
space; the type and amount of space; PTO's management of the 
process; and PTO's response to the Inspector General's 
concerns.
    Now, in my prepared statement I list many of the findings, 
conclusions, concerns, and recommendations on this project. I 
don't want to go through all of those here, but our bottom line 
conclusion, Mr. Chairman and Senator Sessions, is very 
straightforward. We felt that Commerce and PTO should proceed 
with the procurement. We reviewed all of the studies, going 
back to the very beginning efforts in this process, back to the 
Leo Daley study that was completed in February 1992. We 
reviewed the solicitation in great detail. We met with key 
officials at Commerce and GSA. We analyzed the space needs. We 
examined the Deva study--this was a major effort, an extensive 
effort, with many people involved in that process. Our view was 
that PTO has done a good job with carrying out the project.
    In our view, Mr. Chairman, there is really a basic question 
here that needs to be answered. I think everyone here has 
recognized that PTO foresees increasing workload over the next 
few years, and we know that their current space is inadequate 
and substandard. So the question is, what should PTO do?
    The way we see it, Mr. Chairman, there are two options. 
They can either cut a sole source deal with the current 
landlord, or let competitive procurement tell them what is the 
best result. And particularly, do a competitive procurement 
when their current landlord is one of the bidders in this 
process.
    Our recommendation was very straightforward. In our view, 
the answer is very clear-cut, that we should have PTO and GSA 
and Commerce follow Congress' own mandates of the Competition 
in Contracting Act, go through this procurement process, get 
all the information available that they can get about the 
offers and the opportunities that might be available to them, 
and then make the best decision for themselves and the 
taxpayer.
    Mr. Chairman, that concludes my remarks. I will be happy to 
take any questions you might have.
    Senator Warner. Mr. Frazier, there are charges made that it 
is a better investment for the taxpayer to stay in the current 
location. Have you reviewed whether it is cheaper for the PTO 
to stay in its existing buildings? Have you run an analysis of 
that?
    Mr. Frazier. We didn't run a separate analysis per se. 
However, we received a complaint and a concern about our report 
at one point in time, suggesting that that might be the case. 
So, I had the individuals who had worked on that project look 
at those complaints, and in the process what we were able to 
determine that if things stayed as they currently were, then 
PTO still would not be able to have the kind of contiguous 
space that it felt was necessary. It would not be able to 
accommodate the growth in the patent process, the increasing 
number of employees. It would not be able to be in compliance 
with local laws. It would not be able to be in compliance with 
the Americans With Disabilities Act.
    We believe very clearly now that it's in the Government's 
best interest for the project to move forward. Keep in mind 
that if nothing happens, we still are going to incur 
significant costs. I think that there sometimes is confusion 
that we're talking about an additional $1 billion. Keep in 
mind, over the next 20 years, if we retain the status quo, 
we're going to incur at least that amount of cost, and still 
not get the kinds of improvements that everyone has agreed are 
clearly needed.
    Senator Warner. You recall when this matter was before the 
Senate, I joined Senators Brownback and Inhofe on an amendment. 
Are you familiar with that amendment?
    Mr. Frazier. Yes, I am.
    Senator Warner. Was that effort done such that it addressed 
the kind of concerns that you have identified in your report?
    Mr. Frazier. Very much so. In fact, we think that the 
Congress is going to be a key player here. I think that it is 
an accepted fact now, that there is a cap in place. The $29 
million build-out for the above standard cost was one of our 
primary concerns. So the proposed amendment actually gave us an 
additional level of comfort.
    We are recommending that PTO go a little further than that, 
where they would incorporate that same ceiling or cap in the 
agreement, ``not to exceed.'' God forbid that it came in at $28 
million or $14 million; that would be fine with us, but we 
think that that cap should also be included in the contract. 
That adds an additional safeguard.
    Senator Warner. Mr. Burman, in your testimony, you say, 
``The proposed project produces an economic benefit to the PTO 
in excess of the current market conditions.''
    Could you expand on that?
    Mr. Burman. Yes, sir. Economic Research Associates took a 
look at what the current market was like here in the Northern 
Virginia area, the kinds of costs for rental space, and what we 
are finding is--of course, this process has been underway for 
some time--there is a very limited amount of space available. 
One doesn't know how much opportunity would exist if there were 
some delay in the procurement, if the bidders lost that land, 
or something else happened to them. I believe in the Tysons 
Corner area, which isn't precisely the same area they're 
talking about, there are 2 percent vacancy rates. Rents are 
going up at 12 to 25 percent a year.
    We believe that taking advantage of this procurement and 
doing it now makes great sense for the taxpayer.
    Senator Warner. That's very helpful.
    Let me assure you, Mr. Frazier, that I and hopefully other 
colleagues will see that that cap goes into any continuing 
resolution so that it eventually becomes law.
    Mr. Frazier. Let me assure you that we in the IG's Office 
plan to monitor this process until it is complete, whatever the 
outcome is.
    Senator Warner. I thank you for that.
    Mr. Sessions?
    Senator Sessions. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
    Mr. Frazier, you noted something, and I think it was wise 
for you to do so, almost a disincentive on behalf of GSA if it 
is acting in its self-interest, which I assume it's not, and 
not in the public interest. But the self-interest would be to 
allow the cost to go up because they get a percentage of the 
cost, and the bigger the cost of the project, the more money 
goes to GSA.
    Do you see that as something that Congress ought to concern 
itself with?
    Mr. Frazier. Well, at the time we issued our draft report, 
that was a major concern. There was no agreement between GSA 
and the Patent Office, and that in fact could well have 
happened. There was discussion that the fees would range 
between 3 and 9 percent. We thought that they should come in 
under 6 percent.
    In the MOU which was signed on September 4th, that issue 
has been addressed, because what you would have----
    Senator Session. What kind of percentage did they settle 
on?
    Mr. Frazier. It's going to be slightly under 6 percent, as 
I recall, slightly.
    Senator Sessions. But if it goes up, they get more?
    Mr. Frazier. I'm being told that it's capped by the 
prospectus, that they should not get any more.
    Senator Sessions. Would they get a percentage of the $29 
million extra?
    Mr. Frazier. No, they should not get any of that.
    Senator Sessions. Their percentage would only be up to the 
$88 million?
    Mr. Frazier. To the $88 million.
    Senator Sessions. So that would not be their part of the 
project?
    Mr. Frazier. That's right.
    Senator Sessions. You did not compare occupiable square 
foot to occupiable square foot to make any representations to 
this committee that this building will come in less than the 
other building, did you?
    Mr. Frazier. What we have done is look at the figures that 
PTO has been relying on, and confirmed those figures. So we did 
not do the----
    Senator Sessions. So you have confirmed them, but have you 
analyzed what is hallway space and what is not occupiable and 
that sort of thing?
    Mr. Frazier. During the course of our review, we were very 
critical of PTO in the early part of this process. I think that 
over time, PTO made many adjustments to deal with our issues. 
We raised lots of questions as to how they were classifying 
space in the hall and the square footage, and a number of 
issues. They became very responsive to dealing with those 
issues. The people that we had working on it spent a lot of 
time at PTO; I mean, they lived at PTO----
    Senator Sessions. Well, I mean, that's their job, when they 
ask for a $1.3 billion building.
    Did you factor the relocation costs--first of all, is it 
your testimony that, from looking at the numbers, you believe 
that this new option would come in less than the current 
option?
    Mr. Frazier. It will come in either less than or very close 
to what the current options are.
    Senator Sessions. You would not agree with the $74 million 
savings that Mr. Collins mentioned?
    Mr. Frazier. I have not looked at those savings. The Deva 
studies and others were completed after our work, and we have 
not looked at that study.
    Senator Sessions. But you're not prepared to guarantee that 
to us?
    Mr. Frazier. No, but as I mentioned, we are prepared to 
surely stay on top of this. Cognizant of the fact that you are 
very much interested in these issues, it is wise of us to stay 
on top of them.
    Senator Sessions. When you figured the cost, did you figure 
the $29 million in what the cost would be, or the $88 million 
build-out?
    Mr. Frazier. When we issued our report, we were 
particularly concerned because there was not a cap; I mean, we 
went to battle with PTO over the $29 million to get a good 
understanding of it because we wanted to make sure, like you, 
that it was not for extravagant kinds of things.
    As it turned out, when we looked at that, there were 
upgrades for the air conditioning----
    Senator Sessions. I don't have a lot of time and I know 
it's late, but I guess I was just trying to ask, when you 
figured your cost comparison, did you figure it as GSA 
apparently did, on that $88 million build-out, or did you 
figure it on the $117 million?
    Mr. Frazier. We primarily were looking at the $88 million. 
The $88 million is factored in----
    Senator Sessions. So your analysis that shows it would be 
less costly is based on the $88 million and not the $117 
million build-out?
    Mr. Frazier. We were looking at the $88 million. The $29 
million--again, above standard--is a one-time fee that will be 
paid by PTO. It will be paid by PTO. The $88 million is 
included in the lease payments. So the $29 million is a one-
time fee, and once we got a cap on that and once we feel that 
that's incorporated in, then that still should not raise the 
cost of the project more than we are currently paying.
    Senator Sessions. But have you made that analysis?
    Mr. Frazier. No, we have not gone into detail on that.
    Senator Sessions. All right.
    Mr. Collins, is that the way you figured it? Did you figure 
the $117 million? You also say it will come in at $74 million 
less?
    Mr. Collins. At $72.4 million.
    Senator Sessions. At $72.4 million. Do you stand by that 
number?
    Mr. Collins. Yes, sir, I do.
    Senator Sessions. Are you sure that Arthur Andersen is not 
correct in saying that there would be a $47 million increase?
    Mr. Collins. Well, I got the Arthur Andersen report about 
the same time that it was available to the committee. It was 
passed out at the back of the room. I did peruse it, and I can 
say right now that I will still stand by my numbers.
    Senator Sessions. All right.
    And are you sure that when you worked the numbers, you 
compared occupiable space to occupiable space?
    Mr. Collins. Yes, sir. Absolutely.
    Senator Sessions. So you're comparing apples to oranges--
apples to apples with regard to these numbers?
    Mr. Collins. Apples to apples.
    The quote there within the other process is unfortunate, 
but our study is totally built on occupiable square footage, 
and the comparison is apples to apples all the way.
    Senator Sessions. Mr. Burman, are you aware that there has 
been some challenge to your mathematics in figuring the office 
space?
    Mr. Burman. Right. We did not do an evaluation of 
consolidated versus unconsolidated. That was done by the Deva 
folks, and we reviewed that.
    In our study we did identify occupiable space and rentable 
space in our summary in looking at the rental rates for each. 
In one of the tables there was a transposition of the numbers, 
but the table was meant to describe what are the current market 
rates for Government-type buildings that have been built over 
the last few years, and private sector buildings, to get some 
feel for whether this looks to be in the general area of what 
other people are paying.
    We stand by our study in terms of making that judgment, 
that it does satisfy those conditions, Senator Sessions.
    Senator Sessions. Well, you have an unusually stable client 
in PTO.
    Mr. Collins, another Senator asked about whether or not the 
National Taxpayers Union had talked to the owners of the 
current building. I would assume they have; that's a good 
source of information. They've been living with these numbers, 
it's important to them.
    Likewise I would note for the record that you have been 
hired by PTO. You are their employee, to give them their 
numbers, and I know you know that they want very much for this 
building project to go through. I'm not questioning your 
integrity, but I would suggest that you didn't err against them 
intentionally, for sure.
    Mr. Chairman----
    Senator Warner. Senator, you didn't know that they were 
asked by the appropriators to do this report?
    Senator Sessions. No, I didn't know that. But you were 
hired by PTO.
    Mr. Collins. That's right. But a Certified Public 
Accountant is always a hired gun.
    Senator Sessions. Well, I know. Like MIA; you know what 
that means. I used to do real estate law.
    Mr. Collins. But one thing for certain, I don't put my 
independence at one particular----
    Senator Sessions. I understand, but in complicated matters 
like this it does come down to some question of judgment. 
Sometimes you put it on one side of the line, or not.
    Mr. Collins. I would say, in most cases, this one went the 
other way. This was more conservative than I would have taken 
it if I was playing an advocate role.
    Senator Sessions. Well, I will just say this, Mr. Chairman, 
I am going to be really surprised if this building comes in for 
less than the other one. I know it was sold on that basis, and 
I have serious doubts that it will. But this has been a very 
helpful hearing. You have provided a full forum. You have let 
everyone that has had an objection come forth and have their 
say. You have been very patient and courteous with me at this 
late hour, and thank you very much.
    Senator Warner. Well, thank you, colleague, and we'll work 
further on this.
    I have before me this famous report, the Arthur Andersen 
report. It's dated September 17. This committee asked for it 
shortly thereafter and were denied it, and it didn't get here 
until just before the hearing started. So I don't know why--if 
we had had it a little ahead of time, it would have been 
helpful to the committee, but it's just another example of our 
struggle to get information in a timely way so that we could 
have prepared our hearing in such a way as to have this 
evaluation. But we will evaluate it. The committee has a 
perfect right to get it; I mean, the competitors--there is 
fierce competition.
    Give me 1 minute. I want to explore something, and you were 
out of the room.
    Senator Sessions. OK.
    Senator Sessions. Would you expedite a copy of this 
transcript for us? We do have a hearing next week.
    Senator Warner. We will do that.
    Senator Sessions. Thank you, sir.
    Senator Warner. Let's go to the famous ``shower curtain'' 
page. This is page 6 of 6. You know where it is; you can find 
it, right?
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Collins. Which chart are we talking about?
    Senator Warner. Well, 24.2 Joint Use Space, General Use.
    Mr. Peck, if you would be kind enough to return to the 
witness table, please.
    Item No. 7, Training Facility, Locker Room, Curtain, 
Shower, 6, $250 a copy.
    Mr. Collins. Yes, sir.
    Senator Warner. You got it?
    Mr. Collins. Yes, sir.
    Senator Warner. Now, that's fair game. It was thrown into 
the public domain, and anybody that wants to criticize that 
could do so. But I've listened very carefully to the testimony, 
and you admit that this is, let's say, an insufficient 
description of that particular item.
    My question to both you and Mr. Peck is this. Had an 
objective person wanted to know what was behind the $250, to 
where would they have gone to get the backup material to 
explain, No. 1, that it's far more than a shower curtain, and 
that there was a basis in fact for the $250?
    Mr. Peck. Let me answer it first for GSA. Anyone could have 
called our project team in our National Capital Region and 
gotten an explanation of the backup.
    Senator Warner. Well, where physically is the backup 
material?
    Mr. Collins. I believe it's with the Space Acquisition 
Group at PTO.
    Senator Warner. Any PTO folks left? Yes--could you kindly 
help us, if you would come forward and identify yourself?
    Ms. Barnard. I am Jo-Anne Barnard. I am the project manager 
for PTO, and there is backup material resident with my staff. 
These estimates were prepared by ICF Kaiser Engineers, who is 
an integrated occupancy services contractor that is working for 
me under a competitive procurement that GSA conducted for us.
    Senator Warner. Can you provide the committee with the 
backup material on this particular item that is under question?
    Ms. Barnard. Yes. We'd be glad to do that.
    Senator Warner. And you don't have it with you today?
    Ms. Barnard. No.
    Senator Warner. Can you sort of describe what the backup 
says, from memory?
    Ms. Barnard. Well, basically it's my understanding that 
what ICF Kaiser did, at the time that we asked them to do this, 
we asked them to develop an order of magnitude estimate of what 
we might pay for furniture. They basically, based on their 
experience with other Federal projects, with private sector 
projects, with calls to the private sector--for example, in 
this instance I asked the gentleman who developed the 
estimates, and he said that he had called a number of equipment 
manufacturers for fitness centers and gotten bids on what a 
heavy duty rod installed on already-in-place tile with a 
mildew-resistant fixture in a fitness center would cost. We 
have obviously had numerous discussions about ``Why did you 
describe it as a shower curtain.''
    Senator Warner. Well, that's fine.
    Let's once again detail everything that comes with this 
$250 item. What are the pieces? What is it?
    Ms. Barnard. Basically what it is, is a heavy-duty rod that 
has to be installed on tile after the tile is installed------
    Senator Warner. Does the $250 cover the cost of 
installation?
    Ms. Barnard. Yes, it includes installation.
    Senator Warner. So it's a heavy-duty rod, to begin with. It 
covers cost of installation. There is some type of fabric that 
is draped from the rod, is that correct?
    Ms. Barnard. Right, and it's protected so that----
    Senator Warner. What's protected?
    Ms. Barnard. It's constructed so that if somebody hangs on 
it in a fitness center, if somebody hangs onto it, it's going 
to stand up. I mean, it's not a lightweight shower curtain like 
you might install in your home. It's going to be in a public 
facility--in a heavy-use facility.
    Senator Warner. All right. But is that added strength, from 
the combination of the rod and the material used--is that 
something that is specified by the Government today? I mean, 
this is the hand grenade that rolled out into the public domain 
and has been all over the airwaves, and I'm struggling now to 
figure out what you get for $250. And I have to believe that 
persons that wanted to criticize this project, on seeing that, 
either knew one of two things: that it wasn't a curtain, or 
that it was a lot more than a curtain. And if you took a little 
initiative, I expect they could get to your office or Mr. 
Peck's office and find out what other component parts would add 
up to $250.
    Am I correct in that?
    Ms. Barnard. Yes.
    Senator Warner. OK. Help us. What do you get for $250? And 
is it something that is specially required now in Government 
contracting?
    Mr. Peck. No, sir.
    Senator Warner. Then who came up with the idea that you 
would want to chin yourself on the handlebar of the shower 
curtain?
    [Laughter.]
    Mr. Peck. Let me be clear. We have some specifications for 
Government construction, and we have specifications in our 
lease solicitation for what needs to be in the building. This 
is at a level of detail that is not covered by Government 
specifications. It is something that, as people go to try to 
estimate costs--I mean, it's that microlevel at which people 
try to come up with cost estimates on things that are far below 
the level at which we ask for specifications. We say that we're 
going to have a fitness center, and it's going to meet 
commercial equivalent standards. That's the general way we say 
it.
    Senator Warner. OK. I think you have satisfied my question. 
It is not required by the Government. Someone made this 
decision. Does anybody have any idea who might have done it?
    Ms. Barnard. Basically, as I said, it was an order of 
magnitude estimate that was developed very early in the process 
of what might be the total that we would spend on furniture. 
Right now my office is in the process of developing detailed 
cost estimates which will serve as the basis for future budget 
requests. Obviously, we're not going to be going forward and 
requesting authorization to purchase any $250 shower curtains.
    Senator Warner. But to the public, it's here. I mean, I'm 
not here to criticize. We can make a mistake, but you've tried 
to clarify it--Mr. Collins did--and I listened very carefully, 
and he said there's some backup data, and that this wasn't 
simply a curtain, but it was component parts.
    So let's once again--for $250 you get a very strong rod, a 
very strong fabric, both of which I presume cost more than 
comparable things in every home in America.
    Now, what else was incorporated for the $250, if there was 
something else?
    Ms. Barnard. Well, it's my understanding it's a heavy-duty, 
mildew-resistant fixture, installed on tile. The biggest 
expense is the installation because it's installed after the 
facility is already constructed----
    Senator Warner. Which means you have to go in and tear out 
something and put it back?
    Ms. Barnard. Well, I mean, you have to go in and install it 
after the facility has already been built, so it's the 
installation cost that is the biggest part of that estimate. 
Plus it's an estimate that is escalated out to the time of 
construction, which is in fiscal year 2001 and 2002.
    Senator Warner. A factor for inflation, is that it?
    Ms. Barnard. Yes.
    Senator Warner. Well, I guess I understand. But I saw you 
shake your head. You know, I started out in civil engineering, 
except that I determined that it was too darned hard to earn a 
living at it, and I went into politics.
    [Laughter.]
    Senator Warner. So I'm going back to my rudimentary civil 
engineering. As I understand it, you build this shower and then 
go back and have to integrate this. Could it not have been 
integrated as the shower was being put together? I mean, the 
facility, the locker? Wrong, Mr. Peck?
    Mr. Peck. Senator, I didn't do so well in Junior High 
School Shop, so I'm the wrong person to ask, too. But I will 
tell you that I don't know how they actually fabricate these 
things.
    The point I would like to make is that in estimating on a 
building project, at some point you go in and ask people what 
are the costs of doing various things. This happens to us all 
the time on our projects--which, by the way, some of the 
contingents here notwithstanding, I will just note again as I 
said last week, we brought in seven courthouses this year on 
budget. So we can manage these things.
    But at some point in managing all of these projects you do 
get estimates for all kinds of things, which you look at and 
you say, I'm not paying for that; that's too much money. And 
what we got caught in here--and I have to say, I think it was 
disingenuous on the part of some people to repeat it without 
asking whether there was a decision made to pay for this--was 
that someone put out that we were prepared to go spend this on 
a shower curtain--No. 1, we weren't saying that we were going 
to buy it in the first place, and second, not knowing that it 
was more than a shower curtain. But I will tell you on behalf 
of the Government, it's our fault if we let that kind of 
mischaracterization of an item get out.
    Let me make one other point. We are not talking about a 
$600 hammer----
    Senator Warner. Given the magnitude of this thing--I mean, 
accidents and mistakes can be made. I think I'm talking about 
two things. The Government has to do the best they can to 
eliminate these types of errors. But we're all human, and 
errors are made. But it seems to me that if I wanted to do an 
objective criticism of this project and I saw that item, before 
I went on ABC network news I would have simply called around 
and found some idea of what was behind it, and second, are you 
seriously considering spending this amount?
    Now, I think you have answered both questions, that there 
was a source of information that could have explained that it's 
not only a simple curtain, but a rod and associated 
construction costs, and that it would never be the intention of 
PTO to acquire this. Now, both of those answers were available 
if someone had sought them.
    Mr. Peck. Yes, sir. That's correct.
    Senator Warner. All right. Well, I think that I've covered 
this as best I can.
    Our Senate is now meeting at something at which I have to 
attend, but I thank all witnesses, all participants, and I'll 
spare you my opening statement; but let me tell you, it's worth 
reading. It will be in the record.
    [Laughter.]
    [The prepared statement of Senator Warner follows:]
Statement of Hon John W. Warner, U.S. Senator from the Commonwealth of 
                                Virginia
    I would like to thank you for testifying today on the Patent and 
Trademark Office consolidation.
    As the chairman of the Subcommittee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure, we have heard and approved the prospectus for the PTO 
consolidation. I am convinced that the prospectus presented to us in 
1995 represented an excellent, cost-effective approach to accommodating 
the needs of this rapidly growing agency of the Federal Government.
    PTO's mission is one that cannot be neglected as we move ahead in a 
high-tech global economy.
    Similarly, PTO's ability to perform that mission cannot afford to 
be compromised by forcing the agency to conduct business in outdated 
space that is not configured to meet its operational needs.
    The approval resolution, which I authored, established a rental cap 
of $24 per square foot. In 1998 dollars, that is $25.41 per rental 
square foot which is less than the current lease rate for PTO's 
existing leases. These leases average $26 per rentable square foot.
    In my book, getting new and renovated consolidated space for less 
than we now pay for older space is good for the taxpayer.
    In my opinion, every member of this committee, that supported this 
resolution is an excellent ``friend of the taxpayer.''
    Since the Committee took its action, there have been criticisms 
expressed about this project. To my knowledge, each and every one of 
these has been looked into, either by Congress, the Commerce Department 
Inspector General or the Secretary of Commerce, including engaging 
outside analytic services.
    Each report has concluded that the competitive procurement should 
proceed.
    Still, questions persist...
    The purpose of this hearing is determine which of these concerns 
are valid and which have been raised by an offeror seeking to gain some 
competitive advantage, or to undermine competition altogether.
    To the extent that any of these concerns are validated, it is 
Congress' job to make sure that there are strong mechanisms and 
containment measures in place to control these costs.
    Where there are not adequate controls, we must provide them.
    I look forward to the testimony from today's witnesses.
    Senator Warner. The hearing is concluded.
    [Whereupon, at 6:45 p.m., the subcommittee was adjourned, 
to reconvene at the call of the Chair.]
    [Additional statements submitted for the record follow:]
   Statement of Robert Peck, Commissioner, Public Buildings Service, 
                    General Services Administration
Introduction
    Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman, and Members of the Committee. My name 
is Bob Peck, and I am the Commissioner of the Public Buildings Service 
(PBS). I am pleased to appear before you today to report on our 
assistance to the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) as they consolidate 
their complex of offices Northern Virginia. By competitively procuring 
a 20-year operating lease, we are providing up-to-date, efficient, and 
cost-effective office space that will support PTO's requirements. This 
is a project that makes good business sense and that is in the best 
interest of the government.
    PTO now has offices in 18 different buildings. Many need 
alterations to meet fire, life-safety, and handicapped accessibility 
guidelines.
    Given other priorities; for example, the courthouse construction 
program, there likely will be no funds available in the foreseeable 
future to build a facility for PTO. The Committee authorized a 20-year 
operating lease because its present value cost compares favorably with 
that of construction.
    The Congressionally approved rent limit is roughly equivalent to 
rates that PTO is currently paying and is equivalent to current market 
rates in Northern Virginia.
    If the project is delayed, extending existing leases with 
fundamental building improvements to match market comparables would 
cost an additional $6.4 million annually--$32 million over the typical 
5-year lease extension.
    The technical specifications for the project are not lavish. The 
specifications are not unique to the Government and they are comparable 
to other consolidated headquarters facilities.
    Ongoing Congressional oversight, an audit by the Inspector General 
of the Department of Commerce, and a review by a contractor 
commissioned by the Secretary of Commerce--all support the conclusion 
that we should continue with this space consolidation project. The 
justification and the process for this procurement are valid. It is the 
right thing to do.
Background
    I would like to give you some background. The General Services 
Administration (GSA) and PTO have been working together since 1989 on 
plans to consolidate and update the PTO offices. On October 24, 1995, 
this Committee authorized an operating lease for a complex on a site in 
Northern Virginia. On November 16, 1995, the House Transportation and 
Infrastructure Committee also authorized this project.
    The PTO has been located in leased facilities in the Crystal City 
area of Northern Virginia for more than 20 years. Incremental 
procurement of space over these 20 years has resulted in PTO currently 
occupying space under 33 separate lease agreements in 18 different 
buildings. Interaction and cross research among the various PTO patent 
technology groups is an integral part of the patent and trademark 
examining process. Because of this requirement, physical proximity is 
essential to efficient operations.
Alternatives Analysis
    Many different alternatives were investigated prior to the proposal 
of an operating lease procurement in the prospectus submitted to the 
Congress on July 18, 1995. Since it is not clear that PTO's current 
space requirements will be needed over the long term (beyond 20 years), 
leasing was deemed to provide the needed flexibility in dealing with 
the impact of emerging technologies on PTO's operations and the amount 
of space required to house them. Also, options such as direct Federal 
construction, purchase, and lease-purchase would have required GSA to 
obtain full budget authority for the project prior to its inception. 
Competing demands on the Federal Buildings Fund made the attempt to 
fund any of these options unrealistic.
    Typically in major metropolitan markets, Federal construction has a 
lower present value cost than leasing at market rates. However, at the 
rental rate specified in the approved prospectus, the present value 
cost of leasing compares favorably with that of direct Federal 
construction. This is because the rental rate was established in the 
prospectus to qualify the lease as an operating lease.
Evaluation Methodology in the SFO
    The project specifications are comparable to those used for other 
recent Federal agency consolidations--IRS, New Carrollton;Health Care 
Financing Administration, Baltimore; NASA, Washington.
    Construction standards included in the SFO do not require or 
specify lavish finishes or amenities. They are intended to provide 
space and services in the most cost-effective manner over the term of 
occupancy. For example, the SFO requires that

lobbies ``shall employ high-quality materials which are durable and 
easily maintained.'' This is just good building practice in a heavily 
trafficked public area. The per-square-foot interior build-out cost is 
comparable to other government projects with a base building in a 
``cold, dark shell'' configuration.
    On December 23, 1996, six (6) Phase One offers were submitted. 
After evaluating these offers in accordance with the Phase One 
evaluation criteria stated in the solicitation (qualifications of sites 
and development teams), four (4) offerors were invited to submit Phase 
Two offers. Phase Two proposals were received on October 27, 1997. GSA 
has been engaged in active evaluation of these proposals and 
discussions with offerors since this date. Three (3) sites remain under 
consideration. A fourth site was withdrawn from competition earlier 
this year.
    GSA expects to request, by the end of this month, that the 
remaining offerors submit their best and final offers (BAFOs) in 
response to the solicitation. These BAFOs will be evaluated in 
accordance with the Phase Two evaluation criteria stated in the 
solicitation (proposed facility design, willingness and ability to 
mitigate environmental impacts, and qualifications of the interior 
architect and maintenance firm). Following this evaluation, GSA will 
identify for award the offeror whose proposal represents the greatest 
overall value to the Government, price and the above referenced 
evaluation factors considered. We expect to be in a position to 
identify the winning offeror prior to the end of this calendar year.
Procurement Review
    This procurement and the procurement process itself have been 
extensively reviewed. An audit by the Inspector General of the 
Department of Commerce (Report No. IPE-9724, March 26, 1998) and a 
review by a contractor commissioned by the Secretary of Commerce 
support the conclusion that we should continue with this space 
consolidation effort.
    There have also been questions about extending the existing leases, 
where such options are in place, versus leasing other space at market 
comparable rates. We contracted with Spaulding and Slye to prepare a 
market analysis. The analysis, which was completed on July 31, 1998, 
indicated that extending existing leases with fundamental building 
improvements to match market comparables would cost an additional 
$6,410,000 annually. The government would pay an additional $32,070,000 
over the typical 5-year extension term.
Conclusion
    Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportunity to update this 
Committee on our progress and to assure you that we will continue to 
act in the best interest of the government in providing PTO the 
consolidated space that they require. I would be pleased to answer any 
questions the Committee may have.
                                 ______
                                 
 Responses by Robert Peck to Additional Questions from Senator Sessions
    Question 1. The Inspector General made 11 recommendations in its 
March 1998 final report on the PTO space consolidation effort. Please 
specify whether or not the Patent and Trademark Office and/or the 
General Services Administration has fully complied with each of the 
recommendations made by the Inspector General:
    Recommendation No. 1: PTO should continue with its lease 
development project. We understand that PTO is continuing with its 
lease development project. When will the lease be awarded?
    Recommendation No. 2: PTO should finalize its analysis of its space 
requirements. Has the PTO finalized its space requirement analysis? If 
yes, how? If no, why not? If no, when?
    Recommendation No. 3: PTO should work to conclude its agreements 
with employee unions. Has the PTO completed all of its agreements with 
employee unions? If yes, how? If no, why not? If no, when?
    Recommendation No. 4: PTO should assess the impact of PTO's re-
engineering initiatives on PTO's space needs. Has the PTO complied? If 
yes, how? If no, why not? If no, when?
    Recommendation No. 5: PTO should prepare a discrete build-out 
budget (including an absolute limit of the government's liability for 
build-out in the SFO) before lease development award so that PTO can 
incorporate it into its negotiations with developers. Has the PTO 
complied? If yes, how? If no, why not? If no, when?
    Recommendation No. 6: PTO should not appoint a PTO representative 
to serve as the contracting officers representative until construction 
is complete and lease payments begin for the new facility. Has a PTO 
representative been appointed as the contracting officer's 
representative? If not, does PTO intend not to appoint a PTO 
representative to serve as the contracting officer's representative 
until construction is complete and lease payments begin for the new 
facility? If no, why not?
    Recommendation No. 7: PTO should specify that the developer/lessor 
must accumulate costs at the lowest individual task level before lease 
development award, in order to control and monitor costs during the 
build-out phase. Has the PTO complied? If yes, how? If no, why not? If 
no, when?
    Recommendation No. 8: PTO should execute a written interagency 
agreement with GSA to record the terms and conditions of the agencies' 
oral understandings. It is my understanding that this has been done. 
What are the essential terms of this arrangement?
    Recommendation No. 9: PTO should not agree to any arrangement with 
GSA in which the GSA fee to be paid is set as a percentage of costs 
which are not capped. Have PTO and GSA complied? If yes, how? If no, 
why not? If no, when?
    Recommendation No. 10: PTO's Chief Financial Officer and Assistant 
Secretary of Administration should provide oversight, assistance, and 
guidance to ensure that PTO completes its POR space requirements in 
time to avoid delaying the lease award. Is PTO's Chief Financial 
Officer and Assistant Secretary of Administration providing oversight, 
assistance, and guidance? If yes, how? If no, why not? If no, when? 
Will PTO complete its POR space requirements in time to avoid delaying 
the lease award? If yes, how? If no, why not? If no, when?
    Recommendation No. 11: PTO's Chief Financial Officer and Assistant 
Secretary of Administration should establish effective oversight 
policies and procedures. Is the PTO complying? If yes, how? If no, why 
not? If no, when?
    Response: Since this series of questions is generally within the 
purview of PTO, they are answering in their response to a similar 
October 1, 1998, letter from you to Commissioner Lehman.

    Question 2. Several times in your oral testimony you stated that 
the cost per square foot under the proposed procurement would be less 
than the cost per square foot under the current lease. I have several 
questions relating to this: a) Is it true? b) What is the blended cost 
per occupiable square foot under the proposed procurement? c) What is 
the blended cost per rentable square foot under the proposed 
procurement? d) What is the blended cost per occupiable square foot 
under the current lease? e) What is the blended cost per rentable 
square foot under the current lease?
    Response: It is true that the rent under the proposed procurement 
will be less than the rent under the current lease. In fiscal year 1998 
dollars, the Congressional authorized limit of rent for the PTO 
Consolidation procurement is $28.29 per occupiable square foot or 
$25.41 per rentable square foot. Contrast this to the current average 
rent payments of $28.57 per occupiable square foot or $25.66 per 
rentable square foot. Further, the authorized rent for fiscal year 1999 
under the consolidation would be $29.12 per occupiable square foot or 
$26.15 per rentable square foot. Currently, a private sector developer 
is constructing space which the Government has recently space in 
Crystal Park 5 and, as a result, the average fiscal year 1999 rent 
payments will be $29.35 per occupiable square foot or $26.36 per 
rentable square foot. Therefore, it is indeed true that the cost per 
square foot under the consolidation will be less than the cost per 
square foot under the current lease.
    The above is a direct comparison of fully serviced lease rates. The 
efficiency of the currently leased space was used as the most equitable 
efficiency assumption for the proposed space (rentable = 1.114 x 
occupiable). The Congressionally authorized (prospectus) rent will be 
the maximum rate that GSA will pay. Procurement competition should 
drive the actual proposed rent at a consolidated facility, lower than 
this maximum amount.

    Question 3. In your written testimony you stated that the Spaulding 
and Slye analysis concluded that if the existing leases are extended, 
it would cost an additional $6.4 million per year, due to ``fundamental 
building improvements.'' I have several questions.
    a) Are there any other factors other than fundamental building 
improvements that account for this $6.4 million figure? If so, what are 
they and what is the cost factor for each item?
    b) What are the specific fundamental building improvements? For 
each one, provide a description of the item and cost? c) by the 
procurement was delayed for only 1 year, so leases had to be extended 
for 1 year, which of the fundamental building improvements would have 
to be made in that year? d) by the answer is that none of the 
improvements would have to be made for only a 1-year extension, does 
that mean that there would, in fact, not he additional costs to extend 
the lease for 1 year?
    Response: In order to answer your question succinctly, let us first 
explain the derivation of the $6.4 million difference in cost between 
exercising the extension options and leasing space at a market 
comparable rate. Please refer to section four of the Spaulding and Slye 
report that explains what was included in the analysis of the 
redevelopment costs. GSA removed the costs of advertising, leasing 
costs, rent up deficit, and contingency from the $/rentable square foot 
column of each of the three itemization sheets between page 30 and page 
31 of the report. When the corresponding new rates are multiplied by 
the space for which GSA has extension options within each of the 
classifications, the resulting upgrade cost is $71,281,000. The 
existing lease options include $16,438,000 in upgrades, so only the 
$54,840,000 difference was capitalized at 9 percent to yield the 
$6,410,000 per year.
    The three pages of the Spaulding and Slye report between page 30 
and page 31 list the fundamental building improvements while their 
descriptions are in the preceding section four. The only modifications 
made to these sheets for the GSA calculation are the removal of the 
costs listed in the paragraph above. The modifications were made 
because the Spaulding and Slye report was focused on the market 
(opportunity) costs to re-lease space, and GSA wished to focus on the 
lessor's direct costs to bring the space to market comparable 
condition. You will note that the report indicates that some of the 
existing space can never be remodeled to Class ``A'' condition.
    It would be uneconomic, as well as foolhardy, for either the 
Government or the current landlord to expend the money for even the 
basic life safety and Americans with Disabilities Act requirements if 
any of the current leases were extended for only 1 year. The Spaulding 
and Slye study indicates that rent rates within Crystal City exceed 
rent rates for comparable space outside of Crystal City. Therefore, if 
the procurement were delayed for a year, the Government would be paying 
more in rent for the current leases than the largely Class ``C'' space 
warrants. In addition, GSA would not be getting life safety 
improvements or handicapped accessible space.

    Question 4. Interior build-out costs were the focus of much 
discussion at the hearing. Unfortunately, many of the answers were 
confusing. To set the record straight, I ask the following questions:
    a) What is the total cost of the build-out from all sources? Please 
identify the sources, and the cost per source.
    b) Is it $117 million ($88 million from GSA plus $29 million in 
above standard build-out from PTO)
    c) Is the total cost figure you cited in the answer to the previous 
question an absolute ceiling? Could it go higher?
    d) Using all sources, what is the total cost of the build-out per 
occupiable square foot?
    e) What is the cost per occupiable square foot for build-out 
according to the GSA standard in the GSA Advanced Acquisition Program?
    f) What is the cost per rentable square foot for build-out 
according to the GSA standard in the GSA Advanced Acquisition Program?
    Response: The SFO is structured such that the lessor must construct 
a ``cold dark shell'' and then must provide a fit-out allowance of up 
to $88 million for construction of the interior improvements. The 
source of this funding is the lessor, as reflected in the rental 
payments made by GSA on behalf of PTO. In the event that the lessor is 
able to construct the space for less than $88 million, the Government 
is entitled to either a lump sum payment from the lessor or a rental 
credit equal to the unused balance. In addition, PTO has indicated that 
it may provide a lump sum payment of up to $29 million for certain 
additional improvements to support its particular mission.
    The $117 million total one time cost figure is an absolute ceiling 
as agreed in the Memorandum of Understanding between GSA and PTO. In 
addition, the $88 million is limited by the terms of the SFO which 
state that this allowance must be included within the rent, which is 
limited by the Congressional authorization. The actual total cost will 
not be known until after completion of the project, but it will not 
exceed the $1 17 million.
    The total cost of the build-out will range from less than $44.24 
per occupiable square foot (in the event that the Government does not 
use all of the $88 million allowance) to a maximum of $58.82 per 
occupiable square foot when the $29 million in lump sum payments by the 
PTO are included. This equates to a range from less than $39.71 per 
rentable square foot to a maximum of $52.80 per rentable square foot. 
This calculation assumes the 11.4 percent conversion factor from the 
current space (see Answer 2). This factor will undoubtedly change for 
the actual consolidation space.
    Lump sum payments by agencies are not ordinarily included in the 
reporting of the Advanced Acquisition Program (AAP) build-out costs. 
The comparable costs per square foot range from $30.96 per occupiable 
square foot for office space without any special use spaces (including 
build-out from a ``cold dark shell,'' typical fit-out allowance, 
design/lessor fees and construction cost escalation--but not including 
any lump sum payments) to over $85 per occupiable square foot for 
special use space such as judicial chambers. The highest portion of the 
range happens only on rare occasions. This equates to a range from 
$26.92 per rentable square foot to over $73.00 per rentable square 
foot. This calculation assumes a 15 percent increase in space to 
convert from occupiable to rentable.

    Question 5. I also note that your answers to questions about the 
Reagan building were confusing. Please answer the following questions:
    a) What was the total, estimated cost of the Reagan building 
authorized in the prospectus?
    b) What was the total actual cost of the Reagan building now that 
the building has been built and all the cost figures are now known?
    c) What is the total occupiable square footage of the government 
space in the Reagan building?
    d) What is the total rentable square footage of the government 
space in the Reagan building?
    e) What is the annual payment for the Ronald Reagan building?
    f) Mr. Peck mentioned a favorable financing rate for the Ronald 
Reagan building Please provide details about how the building was 
financed including the financing rate and the process by which the 
favorable rate was obtained.
    g) What is the anticipated annual financing rate for the Patent and 
Trademark Office building? If this rate is different for the PTO 
complex, why is it different?
    Response: The Congress directly authorized the Pennsylvania Avenue 
Development Corporation to construct the Ronald Reagan Building through 
specific legislation (Public Law 100-113, the Federal Triangle 
Development Act). Accordingly, the project was not subject to the 
prospectus approval process that other GSA projects go through, and the 
law did not include an estimated cost.
    While the building has been substantially completed, a limited 
amount of construction is still ongoing and there are still several 
construction claims that are yet to be settled. The estimated cost of 
the Reagan Building continues to be $738 million.
    The total amount of occupiable space in the building is 1.83 
million square feet. Of this total, the International Trade Center 
occupies 0.50 million square feet and Federal agencies occupy 1.33 
million square feet. The total amount of rentable square footage in the 
building is 2.16 million square feet. Of this total, the International 
Trade Center occupies 0.59 million square feet and Federal agencies 
occupy 1.57 million square feet. CAUTION: Dividing the cost of $73 8 
million by any of the area numbers from this paragraph will not yield a 
rate that is in any manner comparable to the PTO project maximum rent 
rate or proposed build-out cost per square foot. First, a true 
comparison between constructing a facility and leasing the same 
facility can only be made by including the time value of money. Second, 
the rates that have been stated for the PTO include all utilities and 
maintenance while the figures for the Ronald Reagan Building do not.
    The expected annual payment for debt service on the Ronald Reagan 
Building is $65 million. This does not include utilities and 
maintenance. Approximately 97 percent of the scheduled borrowing from 
the Federal Finance Bank has already occurred. The estimated cost of 
the additional 3 percent is included in this expected annual payment.
    The Ronald Reagan Building is being financed through Federal 
Finance Bank debt issues. On a periodic basis, construction costs are 
certified and a corresponding amount of principle is borrowed. Each 
time this occurs, the Federal Finance Bank issues a separate note to 
GSA. Over 70 individual notes, with interest rates ranging from 5.874 
percent to 8.380 percent have been issued to date. This total 
encompasses approximately 97 percent of the total project borrowing and 
reflects the change in interest rates over the past 6 years. The 
weighted average financing rate for these notes is approximately 6.8 
percent. The utilization of Government debt sourcing and positive 
changes in the capital markets has provided the opportunity for these 
favorable rates.
    The anticipated annual financing rate for the Patent and Trademark 
Office building(s) is unknown at this time since it will be dependent 
on market interest rates at the time of financing. GSA will play little 
or no part in the determination of the interest rate. It will be the 
result of a business decision between the offeror and his lender 
influenced by market conditions and tenant credit. The Government is in 
the process of modifying the lease structure to the extent permitted 
within the definition of an operating lease in order to secure the most 
favorable interest rate in consideration of the Government's credit 
strength.

    Question 6. I have several questions relating to the Arthur 
Andersen report: a) Page 16 of the report states that the Jefferson 
Solutions Report confused occupiable and rentable square foot in one of 
its key calculations. Is Arthur Andersen correct? b) The bottom line 
conclusion of the Jefferson Solutions Report is that the cost per 
square foot under the proposed procurement would be less expensive than 
the cost of staying in the current location. Arthur Andersen is 
correct, and if the true numbers are inserted into the calculations, 
does this not reverse the conclusion? In other words, with accurate 
numbers, would not the Jefferson Solutions Report show that the 
relocation to a new facility would result in higher direct lease costs?
    Response: The Deva study and the Jefferson Solutions report which 
the Arthur Andersen report addresses were commissioned by the PTO and 
Department of Commerce respectively. PTO will provide the answer to 
this question.
                               __________
   Statement of Bruce A. Lehman, Assistant Secretary of Commerce and 
                 Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks
    Mr. Chairman, Members of the Subcommittee, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
Thank you for inviting me to appear before you today to discuss the 
ongoing project to consolidate the Patent and Trademark Office in 
leased space.
    Unfortunately, there are many misconceptions about our competitive 
procurement for space, including a few that may stem from imprecise 
information we provided the public. Therefore, I am very pleased that 
you provided us with the opportunity to dispel these misconceptions, 
address Congressional concerns, and to build a constructive approach to 
proceeding with this important procurement.
    The Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) began working with the 
General Services Administration (GSA) in 1989 to address our long-term 
housing needs. Our partnership with GSA is driven by three overriding 
goals: (1) improving the PTO's housing situation; (2) complying with 
all Federal procurement laws and regulations; and (3) getting the best 
economic value for the PTO's fee-paying customers.
    I am happy to report that our two agencies recently executed the 
Memorandum of Understanding that sets forth our respective 
responsibilities for project execution and project costs. Completion of 
this Agreement satisfies one of the key items that the Department of 
Commerce's Inspector General recommended for effective project 
management and cost control.
Improving PTO's Housing Situation
    For over 25 years, PTO operations have been housed in buildings 
that the General Services Administration leases for us in Crystal City, 
Arlington, Virginia. We now occupy approximately 1.7 million occupiable 
square feet of space in 17 different buildings. Later this year, we 
will accept expansion space in yet another building, bringing our total 
leased inventory to about 1.88 million occupiable square feet scattered 
throughout 18 buildings. This is only 120,000 square feet--about 6 
percent--less than the approximately 2 million occupiable square feet 
we are seeking in a consolidated facility.
    The distance from the northernmost to the southernmost of our 
existing buildings is over one mile. The entries and rest rooms in a 
significant portion of the buildings are not accessible by the 
disabled. Wheel-chair bound employees and customers cannot use the 
above-ground, climate? controlled passage that links the Crystal Park 
and Crystal Plaza buildings and crosses traffic? ridden Crystal Drive. 
The oldest buildings, which comprise about 604,000 square feet, are not 
equipped with sprinklers. Further, these buildings are not readily 
adaptable to the automation age. To free up electrical capacity 
required for our automated systems, for example, we recently had to 
replace lighting fixtures with more electrically efficient devices. 
This replacement cost us $8 1 0,000.
    The separation of PTO operations throughout many non-contiguous 
buildings generates inefficiencies and increased costs. Our trademark 
operations are located at the south end of Crystal City, over a mile 
from the information dissemination operations. When we move our fastest 
growing patent industry sector--the group with the largest proportion 
of new examiners--to Crystal Park 5 later this year, the group will be 
located over one half mile from the Patent Academy training facilities. 
As a result of our dispersion, we must provide a shuttle bus service 
between buildings.
    America's prosperity has generated significant increases in our 
workload. Between 1991 and 1997, trademark applications increased, on 
the average, 11 percent annually, and patent filings had a double-digit 
increase in the last two-year period.
    The natural consequence of our growth is a need for larger, more 
efficient space in an environment that is equipped to accommodate the 
sophisticated technology that our employees need to do their jobs well. 
I was pleased to see that both the Department of Commerce Inspector 
General and Jefferson Solutions, the independent contractor that the 
Secretary of Commerce selected to review our space project, agree with 
me on this issue. The Inspector General, in his March, 1998 report on 
the project, stated that the ``PTO has supported the basic requirements 
for and benefits of the new development based upon its need for modern, 
contiguous space.'' He noted that the new facility should allow us to 
meet our future staffing requirements better, improve access for 
employees and customers, and improve compliance with laws governing 
fire, safety and accessibility for the disabled. Also, Jefferson 
Solutions concluded that consolidation will result in greater 
flexibility; compliance with accessibility standards, life safety and 
building codes; and support for our reengineering efforts.
    The Solicitation for Offers that the General Services 
Administration issued on our behalf is a performance specification that 
is designed to deliver a facility comparable to those provided to other 
recently consolidated Federal agencies. The bulk of the technical 
requirements restate the very provisions that GSA has published in its 
nationwide construction guidelines or included in solicitations for 
other headquarters consolidations. Unfortunately, some believe that the 
requirements or standards are lavish. For example, they apparently 
believe that use of granite and marble surface materials is grandiose, 
when, in reality, they are merely examples of surfaces for lobbies that 
are durable and easily cleaned. They also appear to question the 
desirability of standard features in large, modern suburban office 
complexes. The trails would contribute to the physical well-being of 
our employees and their morale. Furthermore, attractive quarters 
including landscaping promote morale and retention of our employees. 
Such amenities are present on our current site. None of these features, 
however, would add to our costs as they would be supplied within the 
fixed lease rental rates. Similarly, the child care center, the 
cafeteria, and the fitness center that some have questioned are also 
facilities that are provided in equivalent Federal and large private 
sector projects. Despite numerous statements by the General Services 
Administration and a private independent reviewer--Jefferson 
Solutions--to the contrary, the incorrect perceptions of excess remain.
Compliance with Procurement Laws and Regulations
    Competition lies at the heart of the Federal procurement system. 
The Competition in Contracting Act of 1984, 41 U.S.C. 253, mandates 
``procurement through full and open competitive procedures'' unless an 
agency can demonstrate that it falls within the scope of one of seven 
stated exceptions. Not one of these exceptions to competition applies 
in PTO's case. Therefore, the prospectus that the Administration 
submitted and that Congress authorized states the General Services 
Administration's intent to conduct a competitive, ``best value'' 
procurement to acquire a long-term lease to house the PTO. To allow 
time for GSA to complete the competitive process, the prospectus also 
authorizes GSA to ``make an interim lease(s) for the tenant agency, if 
necessary, prior to the execution of a new lease.'' GSA informs me that 
it has made 33 such interim leases for PTO, with varying terms and 
provisions.
    Unfortunately, there are a number of popularly held misconceptions 
about these interim leases and the costs involved in the procurement. 
For example, in its May 1998 Wastewatcher dispatch, Citizens Against 
Government Waste states that ``. . .PTO has secure term leases in place 
and has options to remain in its current location until the year 
2014.'' What this organization fails to appreciate is that these are 
sole source leases. Any options contained in these leases can only be 
exercised if there is a sole source justification for doing so. There 
is none. Furthermore, it is our understanding that neither this 
Committee nor its counterpart in the House of Representatives gave GSA 
a prospectus authorization to provide for the PTO's long-term housing 
by means of sole source lease extensions. Thus, the prospectus 
authorized in October 1995 was, in accordance with the Competition in 
Contracting Act, an authorization to conduct a competitive lease 
acquisition. It is my understanding that securing a new sole source 
long-term lease on our current space could require approval from this 
committee.
    Similarly, the Smith Companies urged that the Inspector General of 
the Department of Commerce reconsider his conclusion that consolidation 
of the PTO pursuant to the Congressionally-approved prospectus will be 
cheaper than PTO's remaining in our current space. The Inspector 
General responded that, after carefully reviewing the information that 
the Smith Companies had provided, he is ``satisfied that our report 
conclusions and recommendations are accurate.''
    The conclusion that consolidation, consistent with the terms of the 
prospectus should proceed, is bolstered by the findings of Jefferson 
Solutions. One finding is that the rates PTO are now paying for much of 
its space are ``well above the market price for space that can be 
defined as depreciated (nearing obsolescence), Class B space.'' 
Jefferson Solutions also concludes that, as a result, consolidation 
pursuant to the terms of the prospectus ``produces an economic benefit 
to PTO in excess of current market conditions.'' GSA informs me that 
similar conclusions were reported recently by Spaulding and Slye, a 
nationally recognized real estate firm. Their report was prepared for 
GSA in response to questions that GSA had received from the House 
Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Economic Development of the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure regarding the market 
value of the PTO lease extensions. Spaulding and Slye found that, to 
justify the rates that are being sought under the PTO's lease extension 
options, the PTO's landlords would have to make improvements to these 
existing structures. These improvements would cost several tens of 
millions of dollars more than the landlords are offering under the 
terms and conditions of the existing PTO extension contracts.
    Regardless of their terms, these extension options are for 18 
separate, non-contiguous buildings that do not serve the PTO's needs. 
We believe that we should proceed without delay in accord with 
applicable law, with a competitive space procurement when there is such 
abundant evidence that our customers will save money by going forward 
with the procurement.
The Economics
    Since 1991, the PTO has been fully user fee funded. All of our 
operations are paid from appropriations of the fees paid by our 
national and international customers--patent and trademark applicants 
and those who use our other services. No general taxpayer funds support 
our operations. Therefore, no general taxpayer funds will be expended 
to make the lease payments under the consolidated lease.
    Taxpayer groups charge that although PTO's proposed 20-year lease 
results in $1.3 billion in lease payments, the Government will not own 
the facility at the end of the lease term. The General Services 
Administration, the Department of Commerce and the Office of Management 
and Budget thoroughly evaluated the benefits of leasing versus 
purchase, Federal construction and other housing alternatives (such as 
lease purchase), before submitting the lease prospectus for 
Congressional approval. A long-term lease also makes sense because of 
our efforts to reduce paper and adopt technologies that reduce our 
space requirements in the long term. Given the limited Government funds 
available for capital investment at the time, it was recommended that 
the ``leasing'' option was the best method available to serve our 
customers' interests. As you know, this Committee and the House 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure concurred.
    Furthermore, we understand that Members of the Senate Committee on 
Appropriations also believed that no funds would be available in the 
foreseeable future to purchase or construct a facility to house the 
PTO. In plain English, purchase was simply not a feasible option.
    A business case analysis prepared for the PTO by the certified 
public accounting firm of Deva & Associates, however, shows that even 
after the potential costs of consolidation are considered, 
consolidation will save $72,395,278 (in 1997 dollars) over the 20-year 
period. These consolidation costs, which we expect could be nearly $135 
million, include such items as furniture and telecommunications 
purchases, costs for the physical move, lost production during the 
move, and any double rent payments that may be necessary. Whether we 
consolidate or not, we will spend in the range of $1.3 billion in rent. 
However, delaying the procurement delays our ability to enjoy the 
benefits of this $72 million cost savings to our fee-paying customers.
    Also, much has been said about the furniture estimates that are 
contained in the Deva Report. These estimates, prepared by my staff, 
were intended to represent the ``order of magnitude'' of the total 
purchase price of new furniture for the consolidated facility. Deva & 
Associates used these cost estimates to compute the maximum amount that 
the PTO might spend on new furniture and included this amount in their 
computation of the consolidation costs.
    These estimates are not furniture purchase plans and they are not 
furniture budgets. We have no intention of purchasing $250 shower 
curtains or $ 1,000 coat racks. We are now in the process of developing 
a furniture purchase plan that will include standardization, use of GSA 
schedules, and competitive acquisitions with the goal of generating 
significant quantity discounts.
    Moreover, the nature of the items that were listed in the estimate 
has been misconstrued. We will purchase beds--for a health unit; and 
cribs--for the child care center. The ``shower curtains'' that have 
drawn so much attention will be installed in the fitness center, and 
will consist of either an installed shower enclosure or a heavy duty, 
mildew resistant fixture installed over tile that is already in place. 
The ``coat rack'' will actually be a coatroom in a training facility. 
Our use of unfortunately cryptic descriptors for estimated furniture 
costs certainly should not delay a project that will save PTO's 
customers more than $72 million.
    Finally, some have alleged that the solicitation that GSA issued on 
our behalf favors new buildings, and, as a result, discriminates 
against some potential vendors. In fact, GSA has, in several instances, 
adjusted the solicitation specifications to accommodate those with 
existing buildings.
Conclusion
    The Inspector General of the Department of Commerce, an independent 
consultant, and many of our user groups reviewed the facts and 
determined that the competition should proceed. It is time to move 
forward and start realizing that $72 million in savings.
    Thank you.
                               __________
Statement of Michael K. Kirk, Executive Director, American Intellectual 
                        Property Law Association
    Mr. Chairman: I appreciate the opportunity to present the views of 
the American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA) on the 
efforts of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to 
procure consolidated space for its operations.
    The AIPLA is a national bar association whose nearly 10,000 members 
are primarily lawyers in private and corporate practice, in government 
service, and in the academic community. The AIPLA represents a wide and 
diverse spectrum of individuals, companies and institutions involved 
directly or indirectly in the practice of patent and trademark law, as 
well as other fields of law affecting intellectual property. AIPLA 
members interact with patent examiners, trademark examiners, and their 
clerical support staff on a daily basis. They know from these contacts 
that many of the USPTO employees are forced to work in cramped quarters 
with inadequate furnishings and equipment. Many examiners, now forced 
to share rooms, are denied the privacy they need to efficiently search 
and examine patent and trademark applications and to consult with 
applicants regarding prosecution issues.
    The USPTO is currently housed in 17 buildings located in the 
Crystal City complex in Arlington, Virginia. These buildings range in 
age from the late 1960s, when the USPTO first moved to Crystal City, to 
the mid 1980s. Few of these buildings were constructed for modern 
electronic communication networks that will facilitate the electronic 
search systems that examiners will increasingly use. In addition, the 
buildings, far from being contiguous, stretch out through a nearly one-
mile-long corridor in Crystal City, creating considerable lost 
productivity as the employees traverse between and among the various 
buildings. To alleviate the problems which the USPTO employees and 
their customers must endure because of these cramped and outdated 
facilities, AIPLA believes that the Office should acquire adequate 
space. At the same time, since we, the users of the patent and 
trademark systems, will pay through our fees for the cost of the 
facilities leased by the USPTO, we believe the acquisition of space by 
the Office should be evaluated against appropriate criteria. To that 
end, we developed the following guidelines:
      any facility should be competitively procured, taking 
price and quality into consideration
      any facility should be convenient to MetroRail to provide 
convenient access by employees and users
      any facility should be ``automation-ready'' to house 
modern electronic communications networks
      any facility should provide private offices for 
examiners, but reflect the private enterprise trend toward downsizing 
and standardizing office size
      any facility should provide employees reasonable 
amenities, comparable to those in the private sector, including 
sufficient parking, health facilities, day care, and reasonably-priced 
eating facilities
      any facility should be sufficiently compact and 
interconnected to promote efficiency of operations
      any facility should, with the approval of Congress, have 
such ``above-standard'' items as are customary in businesses (e.g., 
uninterrupted power supplies for computer systems).
    To alleviate its cramped conditions, the USPTO and the General 
Services Administration (GSA) began working on alternative approaches 
to meet the USPTO's long-range requirements in 1989. After considerable 
study and negotiation, the Of lice of Management and Budget authorized 
GSA in 1995 to send a prospectus to the House and Senate requesting 
permission to acquire a competitively-procured, twenty-year operating 
lease for the USPTO's space needs. The prospectus was approved by the 
Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works on October 24, 1995 
and by the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure on 
November 16, 1995.
    AIPLA believes that the Solicitation For Offers (SFO), published by 
GSA on behalf of the USPTO following the approval by Congress of the 
prospectus, generally comports with the guidelines adopted by AIPLA. 
Accordingly, we believe that the solicitation should proceed under the 
watchful eyes of Congress and the user community.
    We are aware of a campaign over the last 15 months to convince 
Congress that the SFO is too extravagant. At his request, I met with a 
Mr. Edward Newberry of Patton Boggs, L.L.P. in July, 1997. Mr. Newberry 
had indicated in a telephone conversation that the USPTO was seeking a 
grandiose and elaborate headquarters facility and that the USPTO could 
satisfy its space needs in a much more modest facility. I understood 
that Mr. Newberry represented one of the then four bidders on the SFO, 
the Charles E. Smith Company, which is also the principal landlord for 
the USPTO in its current space in Crystal City. Nonetheless, in light 
of the allegations made, I concluded that it was important to learn 
more and to investigate the merits of Mr. Newberry's claims. I asked 
Mr. Newberry to put his concerns in writing, which he did. The material 
was then made available to the USPTO with the request that they respond 
to the allegations. We invited representatives from the House and 
Senate Judiciary Committees, the Intellectual Property Owners 
Association, the American Bar Association, and the International 
Trademark Association to join us in an effort to separate fact from 
fiction.
    At the meeting with USPTO of finials, we discovered that, when the 
allegations contained in Mr. Newberry's letter were placed in 
perspective with factual information which was omitted, the allegations 
were not only unpersuasive, but frequently misleading. For example, it 
was stated that the USPTO plans to spend $88 million to outfit and 
furnish the interior of their new facilities and that, if the USPTO 
were to accept a standard, high-quality building typical of government 
agencies, some $48 million would be saved. What the correspondence 
neglected to mention however was that the SFO requests an unfinished 
shell, and that the $88 million would be used to complete the building 
according to the USPTO's operational needs. More importantly, no 
mention was made of the fact that this $88 million must be paid by the 
successful bidder who could charge the government no more than the 
Congressionally-imposed limit of(in FY 1998 dollars) $25.41 per 
rentable square foot. The cost of Crystal City space utilized by the 
USPTO today averages $26 per rentable square foot, and recent space 
provided to accommodate the expansion of the trademark examining 
operation costs approximately $27 per square foot. Thus, the successful 
bidder for the consolidated USPTO space must charge less than the 
current average per square foot rent paid by the USPTO and provide the 
$88 million for build-out.
    The USPTO has indicated that the standard in their build-out for 
individual office sizes for examiners will be 120 square feet--20 
percent smaller than the room sizes in the current facility and 
consistent with the guidelines adopted by AIPLA. On this point, it is 
not surprising that one of the USPTO's three unions opposes the 
consolidation plan. Even though each examiner will have a private 
office and even though 120 square feet will provide ample room for 
examiners to conduct their search and examination responsibilities, 
particularly in the electronic environment in which examiners currently 
work, this union has opted to argue for retaining their current larger 
rooms and forcing the users to pay the additional lease costs. It is 
telling, in our opinion, that the other two of the three unions have 
approved the SFO in light of the operational efficiencies it will bring 
about.
    Earlier this year, the National Taxpayers Union (NTU) and Citizens 
Against Government Waste entered the fray, referring to the USPTO space 
consolidation as a ``Taxpayer Ripoff.'' The same litany of alleged 
problems that Mr. Newberry had previously raised were set forth, such 
as, ``high-priced programmable lighting systems'' and the curious 
statement that many users oppose the new building because it could lead 
to massive increases in patent fees. First, it should be noted that 
programmable lighting systems are commonly used in modern buildings 
today because of their savings in energy costs. Secondly, I have not 
run across any users of the USPTO who fear that paying less for space 
will lead to massive increases in patent fees.
    More recently, the NTU has argued that the USPTO will spend $1.3 
billion to lease--not own--this facility and that the environmental 
clean up costs could be as high as $194 million. Again, if the USPTO 
stays in its present, decentralized, aging facilities, it will spend at 
least $1.3 billion in lease charges over the next 20 years and actually 
more than it will pay under the SFO. While it is true that the USPTO 
will not own the building at the end of this period, there is no 
practical option under which that could be the case. Both the Office of 
Management and Budget, which controls the USPTO's requests for funds, 
and the Congressional Appropriations Committees, which approves those 
requests, have agreed that a competitive lease of the type the USPTO is 
seeking is the only viable option available to the USPTO. There is no 
reserve of user fees nor any available taxpayer funds to actually 
construct such a building. In this regard, we note that, in a colloquy 
between you, Mr. Chairman, and Senator Gregg during the Senate debate 
on the Fiscal Year 1998 Supplemental Appropriations Bill, Senator Gregg 
agreed that no funds would be available in the foreseeable future to 
purchase or construct a facility to house the USPTO. With respect to 
the alleged environmental clean-up costs, the SFO places the burden of 
environmental clean-up, if any, solely on the successful bidder--not 
the USPTO. The Federal Government recently built a Federal courthouse 
on a portion of one of the two sites where a bidder is proposing to 
construct USPTO facilities, and the Department of Defense has been 
housed on a portion of the other site for over 25 years.
    Finally, NTU has stated that the costs for moving the USPTO could 
be as high as $130 million. In a review mandated by P.L. 105-174, Deva 
and Associates, PC, concluded that for the USPTO to stay in its present 
quarters, total costs over the 20-year life of the lease would be $72 
million greater than if it proceeds with the competitive procurement, 
after factoring in all the costs for moving, furniture, etc. The Deva 
study was reviewed by the USPTO, GSA, the Commerce Department Inspector 
General, the Commerce-Justice branch of the Office of Management and 
Budget, and, for the Office of the Secretary of Commerce, Jefferson 
Solutions, LLC, and their subcontractor, BTG, Inc. It is particularly 
worth noting that Jefferson Solutions and BTG found that the 
consolidation of USPTO space through a competitive lease would improve 
workflow efficiencies, improve the environment for employee retention, 
and most importantly, reduce lease costs. In short, they recommended 
proceeding with the current procurement without delays that would 
impact the schedule and costs.
    The most recent attack criticizes the USPTO's space consolidation 
effort on the basis of estimates of the cost of furniture which were 
contained in the Deva report. The appendix to the Deva report contained 
an extensive listing of the estimated cost of the furniture which would 
be needed for the new USPTO facility. Those preparing this estimate 
chose to err on the high side to ensure that their estimate of the 
total cost of the move and furniture purchase would not understate the 
actual cost. Unfortunately, the report lists such easily-criticizable 
items as $250 shower curtains and $4,000 desks. While we understand 
that these estimates were intended to be worst-case scenarios and do 
not reflect the anticipated savings which would be realized through 
competitive volume discounts, nonetheless, we would agree that a number 
of these estimates are much too high even for worst-case scenarios.
    It must be kept in mind, however, that even with these 
unfortunately high and questionable estimates, the Deva report still 
projects an overall savings of $72 million if the procurement 
proceeds--a projection which no one has challenged. Moreover, 
recognizing that the furniture purchases associated with the move will 
be subject to intense Congressional oversight, it is certain that the 
actual furniture costs will be much less than the worst-case estimates 
in the Deva report. This Committee, the Appropriations Committee and 
the Judiciary Committee will have ample opportunity to ensure that, 
when the USPTO requests approval to purchase the furniture, the 
expenditures will be prudent and responsible. Delaying the procurement 
for yet another study will only serve to delay and diminish the 
benefits which the users of the USPTO will receive. On the other hand, 
proceeding with the procurement and applying a sharp pencil to the 
purchase of furniture in the future will serve to significantly enhance 
these benefits.
    Finally, we note that the recent amendment offered by Senator 
McCain to the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the 
Judiciary and related Agencies Appropriations Act, S. 2260, would have 
denied any funds for the planning or lease of a new facility until 90 
days after the submission to Congress of yet another study on the 
results of a cost-benefit analysis of relocating the USPTO to a new 
facility. The study would have required an analysis of the cost 
associated with leasing in comparison with the cost of any lease-
purchase, Federal construction, or other alternative for new space for 
the USPTO and to consider any appropriate location or facility not 
limited by geographic region. In addition to the fact noted earlier 
that lease-to-purchase or construction are not available options, 
relocating the USPTO outside of a 10-mile radius from its current 
location could have serious adverse consequences for the USPTO. If the 
Office were to be moved to a distant location, many of its current 
employees would not be able to stay with the Office. In addition, the 
USPTO would be required to pay the relocation costs for those of its 
5,000 employees who chose to continue working for the USPTO. Clearly, 
the operational and financial consequences of such a move would reduce 
if not exceed the $72 million savings identified in the Deva report.
    One of the four final bidders on the SFO has already withdrawn. 
Additional significant delays of the type that would be experienced as 
a result of requiring additional studies would cause additional bidders 
to withdraw from the process. In the end, the USPTO would be forced to 
stay with its current landlord--in a sole-source situation--where there 
would be little, if any, incentive to restrain lease costs to the 
USPTO.
    AIPLA strongly urges this Subcommittee, Mr. Chairman, to take all 
steps possible to allow this procurement to proceed as expeditiously as 
possible to its conclusion without further delay. In addition, I have 
been authorized by the Intellectual Property Owners Association and the 
Intellectual Property Law Section of the American Bar Association to 
express their agreement that the procurement should continue to 
conclusion without further delay for additional studies.
                               __________
 Statement of Peter Sepp, Vice President for Communications, National 
                            Taxpayers Union
    Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the 300,000 members of the National 
Taxpayers Union, I am deeply grateful for the opportunity you given my 
organization to testify before the Committee today on our concerns 
surrounding the proposed Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) relocation. 
By holding these hearings, you have once again demonstrated your 
interest in seeing Federal funds expended in the most fiscally 
responsible matter possible. Taxpayers across the country are most 
appreciative that you, Mr. Chairman, and the Members of this Committee 
have taken the time to give this issue additional exploration.
Introduction
    Because of the tendency of policy to become mired in polemics, I am 
compelled to make one statement from the very beginning. National 
Taxpayers Union comes here today without any financial ties to any 
party with a direct interest in the PTO relocation.
    While we are convinced that a reasonable upgrade of PTO's present 
leased facilities in Crystal City would be the most frugal and 
responsible of the current alternatives, we could also support 
additional options in other states, as well as the choice of building 
rather than leasing--should further study prove any of these courses to 
be more cost-effective.
    Our only interest in this debate is to ensure the wise expenditure 
of Federal dollars, and that the long-term interests of taxpayers are 
protected. Since its founding in 1969, National Taxpayers Union has 
analyzed and opposed numerous Federal public works projects, including 
the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, the Westway Highway, the Ronald 
Reagan International Trade Center, as well as wasteful courthouse 
spending.
    In deciding to oppose the current PTO relocation plan, members of 
our staff were (ironically) reminded of Ronald Reagan's stirring plea, 
``If not us, who? If not now, when?'' Although some in the 
Administration have claimed that PTO's plans will not affect taxpayers 
at large, and that the reasoning behind the plan is fiscally sound, we 
have come to a far different conclusion.
Why PTO Concerns Every Taxpayer--and National Taxpayers Union
    Throughout this debate, PTO officials have insisted that the entire 
$1.3 billion lease and relocation will be ``paid for by patent fees 
rather than general revenues from the taxpaying general public. This 
argument falls short in a number of respects.
    1) PTO customers are indeed taxpayers.
    Part of our organization's mission is to represent the concerns of 
all taxpayers, whether they are families, businesses, or small 
inventors. Our philosophy is grounded in the simple fact that every 
American is affected by the tax burden on his or her fellow citizens. 
Higher corporation income taxes, for example, are often passed along to 
the consumer in the form of higher prices on goods and services. 
Economists recognize that ultimately it is the worker who bears the 
``employer's share'' of the payroll tax, in the form of lost wages the 
employer could have paid without the tax-induced overhead.
    2) While we support government ``user fees'' to cover the cost of 
specific services provided to certain customers, this concept, taken to 
its extreme, can inflict the same sort of damage that taxes often do.
    Patent fees, if levied to excess, could become a confiscatory ``tax 
on innovation'' that could very well discourage some of our nation's 
most important assets--small inventors--from fully contributing towards 
our robust private sector.
    It is no secret that small businesses and entrepreneurs provide the 
fuel that keeps our economic engine running faster and better than most 
other nations in the race for economic vitality. Any policy that 
obstructs the flow of this fuel, however minor, can have a major impact 
elsewhere. If patent fees were to increase by even several hundred 
dollars, how many inventors would think twice about bringing their 
creations to market? How many links in the chain of minor discoveries 
that lead to major technological breakthroughs would be broken? How 
much would our nation's economic growth rate decline due to chances 
that could have been taken but weren't, opportunity costs?
    Since I am not an economist by profession, I freely admit that I am 
not qualified to make such an estimate. But is it truly worth the risk 
to our economy to find out how much the fragile market of intellectual 
property will bear in government intrusion, after the damage has 
already been done? We would argue that such a risk is too great to 
justify a relocation that is ill-considered in the first place.
    3) The Federal Government's historical financial management 
problems have frequently confounded the best-laid plans.
    The Savings and Loan Industry, for example, poured billions of 
dollars in fees to the Federal Government's regulatory coffers. In the 
end, however, those fees did not come close to the tens of billions in 
general revenue spending that were required to bail out S&Ls in the 
1980s and 1990s. The government's own pension system, designed to share 
costs through significant employee contributions to the plan, continues 
to rack up an unfunded taxpayer liability that has exceeded $1 
trillion.
    What are the chances that PTO's fee structure could go similarly 
awry, and leave taxpayers with a significant liability? As each day 
passes in this Congress, such a threat grows nearer. Legislative 
language authorizing new PTO fee increases is buried in a controversial 
bill providing for the Office's eventual privatization. If this bill 
fails, PTO's planned funding stream could be jeopardized, leaving 
lawmakers to siphon money from general revenue sources.
    Moreover, PTO's existing fee structure reportedly contributes over 
$100 million per year towards reducing the Federal deficit. If this 
structure is renewed and these revenues are simply shifted to pay for 
the PTO relocation, the Federal budget surplus available to cut taxes 
will shrink, thus reducing potential tax relief for all Americans.
    On the spending side, Federal public works projects have long run 
into fiscal pitfalls that ensnare taxpayers. The recently christened 
Ronald Reagan Building experienced cost overruns exceeding 200 percent. 
Before Congress terminated the project, the Superconducting Super 
Collider's price tag had risen by a well over 50 percent. From roads to 
courthouses to scientific research facilities, an all-too-familiar 
pattern has emerged. Optimistic spending projections give way to 
spiraling price tags as the projects are constructed. leaving Members 
of Congress with the flimsy excuse to their constituents that ``too 
much has been spent to pull the plug now.'' Congress throws good money 
after bad, leaving taxpayers to make up the difference between fiscal 
fantasy and hard reality.
    4) Even more important than past history are the future 
consequences that PTO's plan may have on other Federal projects.
    The PTO relocation has been properly billed as one of the largest 
Federal construction undertakings of this century. The lessons learned, 
or not learned, from this project will have a tremendous impact on 
every subsequent initiative that addresses Federal office space. To 
name just one agency, the Department of Transportation is currently 
considering its future office needs and options. Such a facility, 
whether remodeled or relocated, leased or owned, will without a doubt 
be paid for largely through general revenues. Each and every American 
taxpayer will therefore have a direct stake in ensuring that PTO's 
relocation serves as a fiscally responsible model for the Federal 
Government to follow in all of its future blueprints.
Specific Problems with PTO's Plan
    Having explained National Taxpayers Union's significant interest in 
the PTO relocation proposal, I shall now expand upon our greatest areas 
of concern. These points are based on our observation of Federal 
building and procurement policies from the taxpayer's perspective, 
rather than the technical viewpoint of a civil engineer or 
administrator.
    1) The PTO buildings could set new records for extravagance.
    ``Interior build-out costs''--the price we pay for making the empty 
new building into a usable office--could, on a square foot basis, be 
more than double the standard rate for the rest of the Federal 
Government. It's not hard to see why, given the project's lavish 
granite, hardwood and marble surfacing materials. Other amenities 
include exercise facilities and trails, in-house cafeterias, expensive 
decor such as fountains and sculptures, and open-air amphitheaters.
    The Commerce Department argues that many of these amenities, 
including ``park? like settings,'' already exist at its present 
complex. Absent from this explanation is whether or not additional 
amenities should be built just because they can be provided under the 
existing cap. No one would suggest that a U.S. government building with 
an important mission should look like a Soviet-style blockhouse. But is 
a ``Taj Mahal'' the only alternative? Taxpayers and PTO customers seem 
to believe that a more appropriate balance between form and function, 
often found in many private sector buildings, can apply here.
    2) The Federal Government would spend at least $1.3 billion to 
lease, not own, this facility.
    Members of the Committee will no doubt recall the Ronald Reagan 
Building, the over-budget, behind schedule facility that made 
embarrassing headlines throughout the eighties and nineties as a 
``White Elephant.'' Even this palatial pachyderm cost about half as 
much to build for the same amount of space as the PTO complex--and it's 
built to last for 200 years, not just for a proposed 20-year lease.
    PTO has long argued that a leasing option is more cost-efficient 
than renovating existing space. But this argument is becoming less and 
less compelling.
    A detailed examination of PTO's blueprint seems to suggest that 
earlier cost analyses were biased towards a predetermined conclusion--
that a new facility was the goal of top PTO officials in the first 
place. For example, the Deva & Associates report comparing relocation 
versus renovation assumes that many features of the new buildings would 
have to be grafted onto a remodeled space. This methodology reduces 
many issues to absurdity. Perfectly functional restrooms in the 
existing facilities are assumed to be physically uprooted in order to 
comply with new specifications that offices must be within 200 feet of 
a restroom. Elevators may be retro-fitted in a similar fashion.
    I would contend that any plan with such contortions is likely to 
conclude that a new building is a better option. What it will not 
determine is whether such needs were realistic to begin with. In the 
Deva study, add-on cafeterias and pantries (the present site is within 
one mile of dozens of restaurants), day care centers, state-of-the-art 
fitness centers, and health care facilities have all been ``deemed 
essential'' by PTO. Their costs are added on to the present site for 
comparison purposes. Taxpayers and customers may have a different idea 
of what is ``essential'' for PTO facilities to serve their functions.
    In addition, the September 17, 1998 Economic Review of a Potential 
Relocation of the Patent and Trademark Office, prepared by Arthur 
Andersen, strongly supports our contention that the proposed move may 
not be the most cost-effective choice. After study of both the 
Jefferson Solutions and the Deva & Associates reports, Arthur Andersen 
concluded:
    Deva's key assumptions significantly understate the costs of a PTO 
relocation.
    Using prudent assumptions and accounting for some of the risks 
noted ... results in a $121 million reversal in the Deva result, from a 
$72.4 million savings if PTO relocates to a cost increase of $47.7 
million if PTO relocates.
    Overall, the proposed PTO relocation project encompasses 
significant risk and would result in higher occupancy costs for the 
PTO.
    The $1.6 billion PTO relocation would be one of the most expensive 
and complex Federal programs ever--the Ronald Reagan Building and 
Portals projects demonstrate the adverse impact that unforeseen events 
can have on the cost and timing of huge Federal projects.
    The risks associated with remaining in and improving existing 
facilities are considerably less.
    Thus, Jefferson Solutions' conclusion that the proposed relocation 
would result in lower direct lease costs to PTO is incorrect.
    Based on the data presented in the report, a PTO relocation from 
its existing space to a consolidated facility would, in fact, result in 
higher direct lease costs.
    3) The price of moving PTO ought to be able to buy a whole new 
building.
    PTO's costs just for relocating into the new headquarters could run 
more than $130 million. One proposed moving plan would purchase $65 
million in brand new furniture, with price tags often higher than those 
found in the poshest Beverly Hills boutiques: $250 shower curtains, 
$750 cribs, $309 ash cans, $562 stools, and $1,000 coat racks. Such 
outrageous proposals are perfect grist for radio talk show hosts.
    PTO Commissioner Bruce Lehman recently told ABC news that these 
plans were ``absurd'' and ``we're not going to do that.'' Such 
assurances are somewhat comforting, but taxpayers may be forgiven for 
remembering previous spending boondoggles on other projects that were 
supposedly cost-controlled:
    Taxpayers shelled out $218 million for a courthouse in Boston, MA, 
including $1.5 million for a Marina and $100,000 for a spiral staircase 
for judges and their staffs. This was in addition to a $370,000 
elevator system already reserved for judges connecting the same floors.
    After agreeing to pay some $6 million to construct and lease 
Louisiana's George Arceneaux courthouse, the Federal Government held 
only two trials in the facility during its first 3 years of operation.
    Pennsylvania's Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area recently 
came under scrutiny for an outhouse that sported a $78 per-gallon paint 
job, a foundation with 29-inch thick walls, and a slate-gabled roof. 
After government auditors decried media reports that the project cost 
some $445,000, their own subsequent investigation discovered that the 
price tag was nearly twice as high.
    Furthermore, PTO's explanation that the costs represented a 
``worst-case scenario'' from a ``consultant's study'' are puzzling. If 
such costs appeared in an official proposal prepared for a private-
sector firm seeking to relocate, would they not also raise eyebrows 
among accountants--and shareholders--concerned with the bottom line? 
Would they not raise questions about the judgment of those who would 
retain such a consultant and publish such a report? Business leaders 
may have their perks, but good public relations dictate limits to these 
practices.
    4) The government's own waste-watchers are waving red flags over 
PTO.
    Just 6 months ago, the Commerce Department's own Inspector General 
issued a comprehensive 44-page report concluding that the PTO plan is 
``flawed because the lease development project lacks a defined cost 
ceiling.'' The IG ominously warned, ``PTO's build-out process 
needlessly exposes the government to increased cost risk.'' If the past 
is prologue the risk is real indeed. For 8 months in 1997, PTO 
mistakenly paid $1.5 million to rent 73,000 square feet of space that 
was later determined to be vacant.
    Furthermore, analysis of the General Services Administration's 
Draft Impact Statement shows that environmental clean-up costs of 
possible PTO relocation sites could be as high as $194 million--some 
may contain carcinogens or even unexploded ordnance. And these costs 
are based only on limited investigations of the sites. Who knows what 
else could be lurking beneath the soil?
    5) Many employees and customers oppose the move.
    An impartial survey taken by the Patent Office Professional 
Association found that by a 3 to 1 margin, PTO employees represented by 
the association oppose the move to a new complex. Meanwhile, even high-
profile inventors like Ross Perot are calling on Congress to stop the 
tax on innovation that this costly building will cause. When both the 
workers and the customers are saying 'No to PTO,' lawmakers should 
listen more carefully.
Conclusion
    Recently, the Senate narrowly voted down an amendment to the 
Commerce/State/Justice Appropriations Bill from Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) 
that would have prompted serious reexamination of the PTO project. 
Although an amendment sponsored by Sen. Sam Brownback (R-KS) and Jim 
Inhofe (R-OK) to establish tighter cost controls on the PTO proposal 
did prevail, a wholesale reconsideration of the flawed project is still 
in order.
    All too often, wasteful or low-priority spending projects are 
completed because Congress lacks either sufficient notice or the 
political will to stop the wheels of bureaucracy before they grind up 
our wallets. In the case of the new PTO facilities, however, Congress 
has adequate warning before any serious fiscal damage has been done. 
Unlike Nero's ``Oedipus complex,'' Washington's ``edifice complex'' can 
be cured without costly therapy. All it takes is a little dose of 
common sense.
    Once again, I thank you, Mr. Chairman, and the Committee for your 
generous and thoughtful deliberation of this critical policy matter.
                               __________
                        Charles E. Smith Commercial Realty.

    TO: National Taxpayers Union, Citizens Against Government Waste, 
Patent Office Professionals Association, Alliance for American 
Innovation, selected Members of Congress
    FROM: Kenneth L. McVearry, Executive Vice President
    DATE: September 17, 1998
    SUBJECT: Arthur Andersen Study

    The Charles E. Smith Companies has submitted a bid to the General 
Services Administration, (GSA), for the proposed space consolidation of 
the Patent and Trademark Office, (PTO). In the course of our 
discussions with GSA and PTO, we have become concerned that their 
calculations for the cost of this project may be error. Accordingly, we 
commissioned Arthur Andersen to study and review this project, so that 
this respected third part could analyze the data and render an 
independent judgment of GSA and PTO's methodology and conclusions. We 
know that you expressed an interest in this project. We hope that you 
will find the attached Arthur Andersen study informative.
                                 ______
                                 
                            Arthur Andersen
 economic review of a potential relocation of the patent and trademark 
                       office, september 17, 1998
                              introduction
    Arthur Andersen reviewed two reports commissioned by the Patent and 
Trademark Office (PTO) and the Department of Commerce on the financial 
impacts of a potential PTO relocation from its existing office and 
related facilities in Crystal City to a ``hypothetical'' consolidated 
location in Northern Virginia. These reports are:
      ``Business Case Analysis of Space and Facilities 
Management'' prepared by Deva and Associates, P.C., dated May 22,1998 
(``Deva report''); and
      ``Facility Space Analysis for the Patent and Trademark 
Office'' prepared by Jefferson Solutions, BTG, Inc., and Economics 
Research Associates, dated May 15,1998 (``Jefferson Solutions'' 
report).
    The purpose of this review was to assess the reasonableness and 
validity of the methodologies, major assumptions and key findings of 
these reports, focusing on the cost and financial impacts.
      The Jefferson Solution's report addressed several aspects 
of PTO's procurement process, one of which was a cost assessment of a 
PTO relocation. This assessment was a ``high-level'' overview that 
compared direct lease costs on a per square foot basis; the report did 
not present detailed calculations, nor did it consider other related 
costs. We reviewed this analysis and our observations are presented 
herein.
    The Deva report was a much more thorough analysis of the cost 
implications of a PTO relocation from its existing facilities to a 
hypothetical consolidated location complying with the terms of the GSA 
Solicitation for Offers. The Deva report compared two scenarios: 1) the 
costs of staying in PTO's existing facilities, but improving them at 
considerable expense to meet PTO's needs for the next 20 years; and 2) 
the costs of relocating to a hypothetical consolidated site in Northern 
Virginia. We reviewed the Deva report and the economic analysis upon 
which its conclusions were based. Our review of the report included its 
methodologies, assumptions and findings. Our review was limited to the 
Deva report, including the narrative and the description of the 
economic model, including summary tables.
    We also reviewed and relied on certain information in other 
documents to prepare our analysis. A list of these documents is located 
at the end of the report.
    The conclusions and findings outlined in this report are based on 
information available to us as of the date of this report. Subsequent 
events with respect to the Solicitation, developer bids, market 
conditions, etc. have not been considered in this report and could have 
a material impact on our analysis and findings.
    The remainder of the report consists of:
      Summary of Major Findings;
      Executive Summary that provides a more expansive overview 
of our analysis and conclusions;
      Detailed review of the Deva and Jefferson Solutions 
reports; and
      Bibliography.
                       summary of major findings
    Arthur Andersen reviewed two reports commissioned by the PTO and 
the Department of Commerce on the financial impacts of a PTO relocation 
from current facilities in Crystal City to a hypothetical consolidated 
location in Northern Virginia.
    These reports are ``Business Case Analysis of Space and Facilities 
Management'' by Deva and Associates, P.C. (May 22, 1998) and ``Facility 
Space Analysis for the Patent and Trademark Office'' by Jefferson 
Solutions, BTG, Inc., and Economics Research Associates (May 15,1998).
    These reports concluded that a relocation of the PTO to a 
consolidated facility would result in lower occupancy costs over a 20-
year period.
our review of these reports identified significant issues regarding key 
     assumptions that we believe result in inaccurate conclusions.
      Our review concludes that a relocation of the PTO from 
its existing facilities under the terms of the SFO would result in 
higher PTO occupancy costs over a 20-year period.
    the results of the deva report do not justify a pto relocation.
      Deva estimated that a move to a consolidated site would 
result in Government cost savings of $72.4 million, but these savings 
are marginal when measured against private sector requirements for 
embarking on a risky, billion dollar, multi-year project.
      Deva did not adequately address or discuss the 
significant risks of a PTO relocation. These risks include possible 
construction budget overruns, financing complications, higher operating 
costs, environmental issues, traffic congestion, disrupted employee 
commuting patterns, and costs to other government agencies.
      The $1.6 billion PTO relocation would be one of the most 
expensive and complex Federal programs ever--The Ronald Reagan Building 
and Portals projects demonstrate the adverse impact that unforeseen 
events can have on the cost and timing of large Federal projects.
     the deva report significantly understates the costs of a pto 
                              relocation.
      Using prudent assumptions and accounting for some of the 
risks noted above results in a $121 million reversal in the Deva 
result,from a $72.4 million savings if PTO relocates to a cost increase 
of $47.7 million if PTO relocates. The Arthur Andersen adjustments to 
the Deva analysis are as follows:


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Adjustments    NPV $\1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original Deva Conclusion: Government Savings                     ($72.4)
 of...........................................
Modification No. 1 (Effective Lease                   $19.2      ($53.2)
 Commencement Date)...........................
Modification No. 2 (``Staff Additions'' Rental         $4.2      ($49.0)
 Rates).......................................
Modification No. 3 (Dual Rent Calculations)...         $7.7      ($41.3)
Modification No. 4 (Non-Productive Campus             $28.3      ($13.0)
 Travel Time).................................
Modification No. 5 (Program Management Fees)..         $7.0       ($6.0)
Modification No. 6 (Base Year Building Rental         $53.7        $47.7
 Rate)........................................
    Revised Conclusion: Government Cost                            $47.7
     Increase of..............................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Net Present Value impact. The parenthesis ( ) indicate cost savings;
  no parentheses indicates cost increases.

 overall, the proposed pto relocation project encompasses significant 
      risk and would result in higher occupancy costs for the pto.
      The risks associated with remaining in and improving 
PTO's existing facilities are minimal. These facilities can be upgraded 
to meet the PTO's needs as disclosed to Deva, which will Accommodate 
future growth and provide better workplace conditions for PTO 
employees, all at less cost to the PTO than relocating.
                           executive summary
    Arthur Andersen has reviewed two reports commissioned by the PTO 
and the Department of Commerce on the financial impacts of a potential 
PTO relocation from its existing facilities in Crystal City to a 
``hypothetical'' consolidated location in Northern Virginia. These 
reports are:
      ``Business Case Analysis of Space and Facilities 
Management'' prepared by Deva and Associates, P.C., dated May 22,1998 
(``Deva report''); and
      ``Facility Space Analysis For the Patent and Trademark 
Office'' prepared by Jefferson Solutions, BTG, Inc., and Economics 
Research Associates, dated May 15, 1998 (``Jefferson Solutions 
report'').
    The purpose of this review was to assess the reasonableness and 
validity of the methodologies, major assumptions and key findings of 
these reports, focusing on the cost and financial impacts.
    The Deva report compared costs for PTO to relocate to a 
hypothetical consolidated site versus the costs to remain in and 
significantly upgrade its existing facilities. The focus of the Deva 
report indicates that the PTO was indifferent between the two scenarios 
except for matters of cost. The Deva study projected a government cost 
savings of $72.4 million if the PTO relocated.
our review of these reports identified significant issues regarding key 
      assumptions that we believe result in inaccurate conclusions
      Our review concludes that a relocation of the PTO from 
its existing facilities would result in higher PTO occupancy costs over 
a 20-year period.
the cost savings projected by deva and associates do not justify a pto 
                               relocation
    The Deva-estimated cost savings are marginal when viewed from the 
perspective of private sector investment criteria and the potential 
risks involved.
    The Deva savings estimate of $72.4 million represents only a 7.0 
percent reduction in costs when compared with staying in its existing 
facilities and upgrading them to provide a better workplace environment 
and accommodate future PTO space requirements.
    On a current dollar basis, the Deva-estimated savings represent an 
average annual 12 percent reduction in costs over the 20-year period. 
In contrast, private sector corporations typically target recurring 
cost savings twice as high, in the range of 20-25 percent, before 
embarking on billion dollar, multi-year relocation and/or workplace 
redesign projects. This is particularly true when there is no 
overriding strategic reason for the relocation.
  a pto relocation would be one of the largest, most complex and most 
              expensive federal construction projects ever
      A PTO relocation would represent a significant endeavor 
in terms of cost and impact on PTO's business operations and employees.
      Total costs to plan, design, construct and fit-out a new 
consolidated facility is estimated at up to $500 million and total 
costs over a 20-year period are estimated by Deva at $1.6 billion in 
current dollars.
    because of its size and complexity, there are significant risks 
 associated with a pto relocation that are not adequately addressed in 
                           the deva analysis
      Construction Risk--increases in construction costs above 
initial estimates resulting from changing space requirements, change 
orders, government delays, etc., would be passed through to the PTO. In 
addition, if space requirements are changed or not finalized in a 
timely manner, or other factors prolong key approval dates, etc., 
completion of the facility could be delayed which would further 
increase costs. Cost overruns and delays on Federal Government 
construction projects are most recently demonstrated by the Ronald 
Reagan building, where the ultimate cost of completion was 
approximately double the original estimates, and the Portals project, 
which was delayed by a myriad of political and economic factors.
      Financing Risk--possible environmental factors associated 
with several of the potential sites for the consolidated facility could 
greatly complicate and raise the cost of financing. Also, there are 
several factors inherent in the proposed lease structure that could 
complicate and/or delay financing.
      Operating Cost Risks--Deva estimates that a consolidated 
facility would incur approximately $317 million in operating costs over 
a 20-year period. The PTO will face higher costs if Deva's estimate of 
operating expenses is less than actual costs and/or Deva's inflation 
projections understate actual inflation.
      Environmental Risks--a report prepared by an independent 
engineer found that ``environmental concerns have been identified for 
several consolidated sites that could result in significant cost and 
schedule impacts.'' This would delay delivery of the consolidated 
facility, possibly increase PTO's overall costs and significantly 
complicate PTO's use and possible ownership of the property.
      Traffic and Employee Commuting Patterns--according to a 
report prepared by an independent transportation consultant, the 
relocation of the PTO and its 7,108 employees to several of the 
consolidated sites would require traffic improvements totaling tens of 
millions of dollars (funding sources are not in place) and negatively 
impact traffic flows in the vicinity of the sites. These factors will 
disrupt PTO employee and visitor commuting patterns, worsen air 
quality, and possibly increase the costs of a PTO relocation.
     the risks associated with remaining in and improving existing 
                    facilities are considerably less
      The existing PTO facilities require minimal new 
construction as shown by Deva, and have a demonstrated history of 
operating costs, minimal environmental issues, and well-known traffic 
and employee commuting patterns.
  deva's key assumptions and conclusion understate the costs of a pto 
                               relocation
    We reviewed the 34 cost categories identified and analyzed by Deva. 
Most of these assumptions appeared reasonable, based on the information 
available.
    Several key Deva assumptions, however, understate the ultimate 
costs of a PTO relocation. The Department of Commerce and others have 
characterized these assumptions as a ``worst case'' scenario, i.e., the 
projected savings estimated by Deva are conservative.
      We reviewed these key assumptions and found certain of 
them to be ``best case'' scenarios, i.e., several key assumptions are 
not realistic and they minimize the potential cost to the government of 
a PTO relocation.
    In addition, we also considered the fact that the Federal 
Government is subject to a wide range of cost exposure (i.e., risk) 
with respect to several aspects of a PTO relocation, specifically the 
delivery date of the consolidated facility and the annual rent PTO will 
pay for the consolidated facility.
      For the Deva assumptions relating to these factors, we 
reflected a more prudent view of the Federal Government's cost exposure 
for the project.
                  review of deva and associates report
Summary of Deva and Associates Report
    The methodologies and key findings of the Deva and Associates 
report are summarized below:
      The Deva report consisted of a comparative cost analysis 
of two PTO location scenarios:
    1. Unconsolidated Scenario--PTO stays in its existing facilities in 
Crystal City, which comprises 18 non-contiguous buildings.
    2. Consolidated Scenario--PTO relocates to a newly built, 
consolidated campus facility in Northern Virginia, consisting of eight 
or fewer contiguous buildings. This is considered to be a hypothetical 
scenario because it is based on the terms of the SFO and not an actual 
project.
      The Deva ``unconsolidated scenario'' assumes that 
approximately $75 million would be expended over a 20-year period to 
upgrade the existing facilities to meet PTO's minimum needs, as defined 
bv PTO, and to comply with various regulatory requirements, improve the 
workplace environment, and accommodate projected growth in PTO 
personnel. Thus, the unconsolidated scenario as modeled bv Deva 
represents upgraded facilities that PTO was willing to accept and that 
will be more in line with future PTO space and workplace requirements.
    The focus of the Deva report indicates that the PTO was indifferent 
between the two scenarios except for matters of cost.
    Deva identified, estimated and compared 34 cost categories for each 
location scenario and calculated these costs on an annual basis for a 
defined 20-year period, FY2002-FY2023. The start of this 20-year period 
was based on Deva's estimate of the effective lease commencement date 
for the consolidated facility. Specifically, Deva estimated that if a 
contract was awarded in October 1998, the effective lease commencement 
date would be October 1, 2001, or the start of FY2002.
    Deva then calculated the net present value (NPV) of these costs as 
of FY2002. Deva estimated that there would be a $72.4 million NPV cost 
benefit if the PTO relocated to a consolidated facility, rather that 
staying in upgraded existing facilities.
    The Deva report focused primarily on comparing the costs for each 
scenario; it did not specifically address the risks associated with a 
PTO relocation project or whether a PTO relocation made business sense, 
given the estimated benefits, costs and risks inherent in such a 
project.
Arthur Andersen Analysis
    Our review of the Deva report consisted of two components:
    I. An assessment of the costs and risks associated with a PTO 
relocation, accepting the Deva assumptions and conclusions; and
    II. An assessment of the costs and risks associated with a PTO 
relocation, based on revisions to certain key Deva assumptions.
i. assessment of the costs and risks associated with a pto relocation, 
             accepting the deva assumptions and conclusions
A. Deva Report Focused on Costs, Not Risks
    To review a PTO relocation from a financial and business 
perspective, an assessment of the costs and risks of each of the two 
scenarios is required. Deva identified 34 cost categories associated 
with the unconsolidated and consolidated scenarios.
    The Deva report did not focus specifically on risks associated with 
a PTO relocation project, but these risks are relevant considerations 
that should be weighed carefully when evaluating scenarios. The Federal 
Government, however, typically focuses more on a comparison of the 
costs associated with real estate options and this is reflected in the 
Deva report, which estimates and compares detailed costs for each 
scenario over a 20-year period.
    The Deva report estimated that there would be a $72.4 million cost 
savings on a net present value basis if the PTO relocated to a 
hypothetical consolidated facility, rather than staying in its upgraded 
existing facilities.
    The table below summarizes the Deva estimated costs of each PTO 
scenario over a 20-year period, on a present value and current dollar 
basis:

                                   Deva and Associates PTO Location Scenarios
                         Comparison of Costs over a Midyear Period (millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          Unconsolidated  Consolidated   Difference   Difference
                                                             Scenario       Scenario        ($)          (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Costs--Present Value Basis........................         $1,031           $959        ($72)         (7%)
Total Costs--Current Dollar Basis.......................         $1,783         $1,573       ($210)        (12%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Thus, Deva estimates that a PTO relocation to a consolidated 
facility would produce only a 7 percent cost savings on a net present 
value basis.
    On a-current dollar basis, the Deva-estimated savings represent an 
average annual 12 percent reduction in costs over the 20-year period. 
To generate these savings, however, would require upfront costs of up 
to $500 million to plan, design, construct and fit out the consolidated 
facility. While the government is not funding these costs upfront--it 
is paying for it through rental payments over the 20-year term of the 
lease--it will, nonetheless, bear part of the risk associated with a 
development project of this size and complexity.
    In contrast to Deva's estimate of an average annual 12 percent cost 
reduction, private sector corporations typically target recurring cost 
savings twice as high, in the range of 2-25 percent, before embarking 
on major relocation and/or workplace redesign projects.
    Based on private sector criteria, therefore, it is difficult to 
justify that a PTO relocation is a good ``investment'' of government 
funds.
    As discussed in section II below, changes to several key 
assumptions will have a dramatic impact on Deva's conclusions. Before 
we address this, however, there needs to be a discussion of the risks 
associated with a potential PTO relocation.
B. PTO Relocation Poses Major Government Risk
    A PTO relocation would represent a significant endeavor in terms of 
cost and impact on PTO's business operations and employees.
      The total cost to plan, design, construct and fit-out a 
new consolidated facility is estimated at up to $500 million, making it 
one of the largest and most expensive Federal construction projects;
      Total development and occupancy costs for the 
consolidated facility are estimated by Deva to be approximately $1.6 
billion over a 20-year period in current dollars; and
      The time to construct and deliver the consolidated 
facility is estimated by Deva to take up to 4 years, including a 1-year 
period to transition employees to the new facility once it is 
completed.
    As with all projects of this magnitude, significant risk factors 
exist. Certain of the risks could remain with the developer of the 
project, but others will fall either directly or indirectly on the PTO. 
These risks were not considered in the Deva report. Broadly, these 
risks focus on:

      Construction risk
      Financing risk
      Operating Cost risk
      Environmental risk
      Traffic and Employee Commuting risk

    Each of the risks described below could act alone or in combination 
to increase the costs of the consolidated facility above Deva's 
estimates. In section II, we quantify some of these risks and estimate 
their impact on Deva's conclusions.
Construction Risk
    As cited above, total development costs of the consolidated 
facility have been estimated at up to $500 million. The risks 
associated with construction of the consolidated facility focus on the 
potential for cost overruns and delayed construction/delivery of the 
new facility:
      Cost Overruns.--According to the SFO, the private sector 
bidders are required to reflect the cost of constructing the 
consolidated facility in the annual rent they propose to charge the 
PTO. Increases in construction costs could be passed through, in whole 
or in part, to the PTO in the form of higher rental payments than 
assumed by Deva. There are numerous factors that could increase 
construction costs above initial estimates. These include changing 
space requirements, change orders, government delays, and changing 
market conditions. Cost overruns on Federal Government construction 
projects have occurred in the past, as most recently demonstrated by 
the Ronald Reagan building where the ultimate cost of completion was 
approximately double original estimates.
      Timing Delays.--The timing of construction is also a 
risk. If space requirements are changed or not finalized in a timely 
manner, or other factors prolong key approval dates, etc., completion 
of the facility could be delayed which would, in turn, increase costs. 
Once again, the construction of the Ronald Reagan building is an 
example of a Federal building project, which was completed well behind 
schedule. The Portals building is another example of a project that was 
delayed by a myriad of political and economic factors. In addition to 
increased costs, delays would further disrupt PTO business operations 
and prolong the transition period. As we will discuss in section II, we 
believe that the Deva assumptions with respect to the timing of the 
delivery of the consolidated facility are optimistic and understate the 
ultimate cost to the PTO.
Financing Risk
    According to the SFO, the successful bidder on the consolidated 
project is required to secure private sector financing to construct the 
facility and to cover other costs associated with delivering the space 
to the government. The cost of this financing is to be passed through 
to the PTO in the form of rental payments. There are several risks that 
could complicate, delay or increase the cost of financing:
      As discussed below, there could be environmental factors 
associated with several of the potential sites for the consolidated 
facility. Any environmental remediation issues would complicate, delay 
and raise the cost of financing;
      There are several factors inherent in the proposed lease 
structure that could complicate the financing. Raising $500 million for 
a single project is a substantial effort, particularly with the recent 
turmoil in the worldwide capital markets. The proposed lease with the 
government is not a ``date certain'' lease (i.e., there is no 
guaranteed date on which the government will start to pay rent), 
resulting in increased risk to the developer and lender. There is no 
straight pass-through of operating expenses to PTO, increasing the risk 
to the developer and the lender. and The proposed lease with the 
government will be an operating lease, therefore, there will likely be 
an unamortized portion of the loan at the end of the lease term. This 
increases lender and developer risk, unless insurance is obtained, but 
this would increase the cost of financing.
Operating Expense Risk
    The Deva analysis estimates that over the 20-year period, a total 
of $1.6 billion will be spent on the consolidated facility, consisting 
of rental payments, operating expenses, capital expenditures and others 
costs. Of this amount, approximately $1.0 billion would be spent on 
base rent and $317 million on operating expenses. According to the SFO, 
the base rent is constant over the 20-year term, but the Government 
will pay additional rent to cover increased costs for operating 
expenses based on a defined CPI factor. There is the risk that Deva's 
estimate of operating expenses underestimates actual operating costs 
and that Deva's inflation projections understate actual inflation.
Environmental Risk
    A May 1998 report by SCS Engineers outlined current environmental 
conditions and concerns with regard to several of the sites for a 
consolidated facility (Carlyle and Eisenhower Avenue). SCS Engineers 
reviewed the Draft Environmental impact Statement and concluded that it 
``provided a poor interpretation of the potential impacts of the many 
environmental concerns identified for the Carlyle and Eisenhower Avenue 
sites.''
    Further, the report states that ``environmental concerns have been 
identified for both sites that could result in significant cost and 
schedule impacts'' and that available information indicates that both 
sites have the potential for significant subsurface contamination 
problems.
    The report further states that the presence of contaminated 
materials would result in significant additional expenses and delays 
associated with waste characterization and waste disposal. The 
potential cost for these activities--if the soils and fill to be 
excavated at the sites require management as a hazardous or toxic 
waste--could be up to $194 million for the Eisenhower Avenue site and 
up to $60 million for the Carlyle site.
    Clearly, these potential environmental concerns can greatly 
complicate financing of the consolidated project Further, the cost of 
environmental remediation could, in part, be passed on to the PTO in 
the form of higher rent payments than assumed by Deva. Finally, there 
is also the risk of ``failure to perform'' on the part of the 
developer. If this happened, it would significantly complicate PTO's 
use and possible ownership of the property.
Traffic and Employee Commuting Risk
    A May 1998 report by Callow Transportation Consulting evaluated 
traffic impacts for several of the possible consolidated sites. Among 
the report's conclusions were:
      The relocation of the PTO and its 7,108 employees to 
either the Carlyle or Eisenhower Avenue sites will require traffic 
improvements in the immediate vicinity totaling tens of millions of 
dollars.
      The overall effect of a PTO relocation to either the 
Carlyle or Eisenhower Avenue sites will be a significant negative 
impact on the traffic situation in the immediate vicinity of these 
sites, as well as in the surrounding areas.
      The planned Woodrow Wilson Bridge project, an estimated 
10-year project, will significantly disrupt traffic patterns on the I-
495 Beltway and increase traffic congestion and access to these 
proposed consolidated sites.
      The I-395/I-495 ``Mixing Bowl'' project, also a planned 
10-year project, will also have a major impact on the I-495 Beltway and 
increase congestion in the vicinity of these proposed consolidation 
sites.
    These factors could impact the cost of a PTO relocation, disrupt 
PTO employee and visitor commuting patterns, and adversely impact air 
quality:
      A portion of the cost of the transportation improvements 
cited above could be borne by the developer (as well as other local and 
state governments) which could, in turn, pass through some of these 
costs to the PTO in the form of higher rental payments than assumed by 
Deva.
      Because of the traffic congestion described above, PTO 
employees who drive to work will face more difficult and lengthy 
commutes to new locations for the consolidated site. This will also 
apply to PTO's visitors, such as customers, patent attorneys and 
others.
      The SCS Engineers report cited above states that 
relocation of the PTO to either the Carlyle or Eisenhower Avenue sites 
``will exacerbate an already unacceptable air quality condition.''
C. Risks of Staying in Improved Existing Facilities are Much Less
    The risks associated with remaining in existing facilities are 
considerably less than those of a PTO relocation:
    The scope of construction work needed to renovate/upgrade the 
existing facilities to the minimums set in the Deva study is 
significantly less than required to plan, design, construct and fit-out 
a 2 million osf facility; thus, construction risk for the 
unconsolidated scenario is far more manageable.
    Financing risk is also significantly less because of the more 
limited scope of construction;
    The existing facilities have a demonstrated operating cost history;
    Environmental issues associated with the existing facilities are 
minimal; and
    Traffic and PTO employee commuting patterns are well known in the 
existing facilities; as described previously, the traffic and employee 
commuting issues are far more complex for two of the potential sites 
for the consolidated scenario.
    In summary, the financial benefits of a PTO relocation as estimated 
by Deva are marginal when viewed from the perspective of private sector 
investment criteria and the potential risks involved.
    As discussed in the next section, several of the Deva assumptions, 
in fact, understate the ultimate cost to the PTO of a relocation from 
its existing facilities. If this is considered and the risks identified 
above are quantified, the Deva-estimated cost savings of a PTO 
relocation is transformed into a cost increase.
ii. assessment of the costs and risks associated with a pto relocation, 
           based on revisions to certain deva key assumptions
A. Deva Study is a ``Best Case'' Scenario in Key Areas
    The Department of Commerce and others have characterized Deva's 
study as a ``worst case'' scenario, i.e., it incorporates assumptions 
which tend to maximize the potential cost to the Federal Government of 
a PTO relocation and result in conservative estimates of cost savings.
    Our review of the key assumptions underlying Deva's conclusions 
found several of them to be ``best case'' scenarios, i.e., they 
minimized the potential cost to the Federal Government of a PTO 
relocation.
B. Realistic Assumptions Reveal Potential $47.7 Million Net Cost to 
        Relocate
    Based upon our review of the Deva report and other documents 
referenced in the bibliography, we substituted several key Veva 
assumptions with those that we considered to be significantly more 
realistic. In doing so, we also considered the fact that based on the 
SFO, the Federal Government is subject to a wide range of cost exposure 
(i.e., risk) with respect to certain critical Deva assumptions, 
specifically the delivery date of the consolidated facility and the 
annual rent PTO will pay for the consolidated facility. For these 
assumptions, we reflect a more prudent view of the Federal Government's 
cost exposure for the project, based on the terms of the SFO.
    The table below summarizes the financial impacts of the Arthur 
Andersen modifications made to the Deva model (millions of NPV $):


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Adjustments    NPV $\1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original Deva Conclusion: Government Savings        ($72.4)      ($72.4)
 of...........................................
Modification No. 1 ( Effective Lease                  $19.2      ($53.2)
 Commencement Date)...........................
Modification No. 2 (``Staff Additions'' Rental         $4.2      ($49.0)
 Rates).......................................
Modification No. 3 (Dual Rent Calculations)...         $7.7      ($41.3)
Modification No. 4 (Non-Productive Campus             $28.3      ($13.0)
 Travel Time).................................
Modification No. 5 (Program Management Fees)..         $7.0       ($6.0)
Modification No. 6 (Base Year Building Rental         $53.7        $47.7
 Rate)........................................
    Revised Conclusion: Government Cost                            $47.7
     Increase of..............................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Net Present Value impact. The parenthesis ( ) indicate cost savings;
  no parenthesis indicates cost increases.

    Our changes to each of the Deva assumptions are described in detail 
below.
Modification No. 1--Effective Lease Commencement Date
    A key assumption underlying the Deva findings is that the effective 
lease commencement date for the consolidated facility would be October 
1, 2001, or the start of FY2002. The effective lease commencement date 
is defined in the SFO as the weighted average acceptance date of all of 
the individual phases of space delivered to the PTO. Thus, the Deva 
assumption implies that more than one-half of the new space would need 
to be constructed, fit-out, delivered and accepted by the Federal 
Government before October 1, 2001, or all 1.989 million osf would be 
delivered on October 1, 2001.
    We believe that this is an aggressive assumption by Deva. The SFO 
states that the Federal Government is under no obligation to accept any 
space (other than the computer centers) prior to October 1, 2001. 
Further, the SFO allows the successful offeror 4 years after lease 
award, estimated to be October 1998, to deliver Block 1 (1.3 million 
osf), or until about October 1, 2002, and an additional 18 months after 
this date to deliver Block 2 (689,116 osf), or until about April 1, 
2004.
    Further, it is unclear what incentive the developer will have to 
deliver space as quickly as possible. The developer may, in fact, have 
an incentive to delay delivery of space to the government. According to 
the SFO, the base rental rate target of $24 per rentable square foot in 
FY1996 dollars can be escalated at 2.9 percent annually until the 
delivery of the space. At this point, the base rental rate locks in for 
the entire 20-year lease term. Thus, the longer the delivery of space 
is delayed, the higher the base rental rate that will accrue to the 
developer over the 20-year lease period.
    Based on these factors, our analysis assumes that the effective 
lease commencement date is pushed back 2 years to October 1, 2003, or 
the start of FY2004. The overall financial impact of this change 
reduces the Deva NPV cost savings estimate from $72.4 million to $53.2 
million.
Modification No. 2--``Staff Additions'' Rental Rates
    The Deva analysis assumes that under the unconsolidated scenario, 
additional space would be needed to accommodate projected PTO personnel 
growth to a total of 7,108 employees. Deva estimated the rent to be 
charged for this expansion space based on ``the last five leases which 
contain renewal options that GSA has negotiated for PTO in Crystal 
City.'' Subsequent to the date of the Deva report, GSA signed a lease 
for an additional 170,924 osf for PTO and is in the process of 
finalizing a lease for another 36,165 osf. The rents reflected in these 
deals are lower than the rents assumed by Deva, which were based on the 
best information available at the time.
    Based on this, our analysis replaces the Deva rent assumptions with 
the rents and step increases reflected in these recent leases. The 
overall financial impact of this change reduces the revised cost 
savings estimate frown $53.2 million to $49.0 million.
Modification No. 3--Dual Rent Calculations
    The Deva analysis assumed that the PTO would move its employees 
from existing space to the consolidated facility over a 52-week period. 
During this period, PTO would have to pay ``dual rent,'' that is, rent 
for both the existing space and the new, consolidated space. This 
situation arises because of the need to transition employees over a 
period of time (i.e., all 7,108 PTO employees cannot be moved overnight 
or over a weekend) and the staggered lease expiration dates for the 
PTO's existing space. In other words, the leases for PTO's existing 
space do not terminate in sync with the timing of the PTO move to the 
new facility, as estimated by Deva. Thus, there will be overlap during 
which PTO will have to pay rent for both its existing space and its new 
space.
    There are two key assumptions underlying Deva's dual rent analysis:
      Each week, PTO moves employees housed in blocks of space 
of 40,000--77,000 osf from its existing buildings to the new 
consolidated facility; and
      Within 3 weeks, PTO ``gives back'' the vacated space to 
GSA, at which point its obligation to pay rent on the existing space 
ends.
    We believe that the 3-week turnaround time is optimistic; thus our 
analysis assumes a 4-week turnaround time. The overall financial impact 
of this change reduces the revised cost savings estimate from $49.0 
million to $48.3 million.
    There is another component to dual rent, which was ignored in the 
Deva analysis. Under its agreements with GSA, PTO essentially has the 
right to give space back to GSA with 120 days notice. For example, if 
PTO is halfway through a 2-year lease and wants to vacate the space, it 
gives 120 days notice to GSA of its intention to do so. After the 120-
day period, PTO is no longer required to pay GSA rent for the vacated 
space. GSA, however, is liable for paying rent to the building landlord 
for the remaining term of the lease unless it has another arrangement 
with the landlord.
    When Deva assumed that PTO would give back existing space to GSA as 
it moved into the consolidated facility, it did not consider any rental 
obligations to the building landlord that GSA would incur for vacated 
space which had remaining lease terms. We believe that this potential 
cost to GSA should be included in the calculation of dual rent because 
it is a cost that would be incurred by the Federal Government as part 
of the PTO's relocation to a consolidated facility.
    To calculate this cost, we reviewed information on expiration dates 
and renewal terms of each lease associated with PTO's existing 
occupancy. Then we reviewed Deva's assumption regarding the transition 
of PTO from its existing space to the new consolidated facility, 
attempting to identify those leases that would have remaining lease 
terms subsequent to PTO vacating the space. Based on these factors, we 
estimate the potential rent liability of GSA at $7.0 million. This cost 
could be significantly higher, however, if the timing of the PTO 
transition period is prolonged or the transition cannot be coordinated 
in an efficient manner.
    The overall financial impact of this change reduces the revised 
cost savings estimate from $48.3 million to $41.3 million.
Modification No. 4--Non-Productive Campus Travel Time/Consolidation 
        Move
    The Deva report also examined the issue of employee travel time 
between buildings, which is considered to be ``non-productive.'' The 
Deva analysis assumed that there would be a decrease in campus travel 
time if PTO relocated from its existing buildings to a consolidated 
facility.
    Specifically, Deva assumed that the average PTO employee loses one-
half hour per month of productive work time in its existing space 
because of travel time among the 18 buildings. Deva further assumed 
that by moving to the consolidated facility, non-productive campus 
travel time would decrease to 15 minutes per month per employee.
    To calculate the value of non-productive campus travel time, Deva 
segmented PTO employees into two groups--Patent Examiners and ``PTO 
Staff''.
    For PTO's 3,413 Patent Examiners, Deva assumed that the value of 1 
hour of non-productive campus travel time would be equal to the average 
hourly revenue rate of each examiner, or $161.55 in FY2002 dollars. 
Thus, Deva created a schedule which calculated the total dollar value 
of non-productive campus travel time for all PTO Patent Examiners, 
assuming one-half hour of travel time per month per Examiner at a 
``cost'' of $161.55 per hour.
    The second group of PTO employees cited by Deva was ``PTO staff'', 
which Deva calculated at 6,597. For these employees, Deva assumed that 
the value of 1 hour of non-productive campus travel time would be equal 
to the average hourly rate of each staff, or $36.65 in FY2002 dollars. 
Deva then created a schedule which calculated the total dollar value of 
non-productive campus travel time for all PTO Staff, assuming one-half 
hour of travel time per month per Staff at a ``cost'' of $161.55 per 
hour.
    We have identified two issues with the Deva analysis described 
above:
      We believe that the 15-minute ``gap'' cited by Deva 
between the existing complex and a new consolidated facility may be 
overstated. A close examination of the existing complex reveals that 
except for several outlying buildings at the north and south ends of 
the complex, which house only a small portion of PTO staff, the 
remaining buildings are in close proximity and their layout would 
resemble the layout of the consolidated facility. In addition, there is 
a shuttle system that runs throughout the existing complex. This 
shuttle minimizes non-productive travel time and the annual operating 
cost of the shuttle is separately considered by Deva as a cost 
applicable to the unconsolidated scenario. Based on these factors, our 
analysis applies the 15-minute ``gap'' only to those employees located 
in the outlying buildings.
      We believe that Deva has double-counted the value of non-
productive travel time for the PTO's 3,413 Patent Examiners. In our 
description of the Deva methodology cited above, it states that Deva 
calculated the cost of non-productive travel time for PTO's 3,413 
Examiners in one schedule and then calculated the cost of non-
productive travel time for 6,597 ``PTO Staff'' in another schedule. The 
total PTO Staff of 6,597, however, includes Patent Examiners. Thus, the 
cost for the Examiners was counted twice by Deva.
    Additionally, the Deva report considered the cost attributable to 
non-productive time associated with the consolidation move. In its 
analysis of moving to a consolidated facility, Deva assumed that each 
PTO employee would incur 6 hours of non-productive time. Deva's 
calculations were based on the same hourly revenue rate and hourly 
staff rate described above for Patent Examiners and PTO staff.
    We believe that the 6-hour assumption of non-productive time for 
each employee is a highly conservative estimate. While this time may 
accurately reflect physical move time, there are other factors which 
require consideration, including: 1) time associated with purging of 
materials prior to the move; 2) box distribution, packaging, and 
labeling, 3) downtime of computer and telecommunications equipment 
prior to and subsequent to the move; 4) limited availability of 
elevators and loading docks; and 5) time associated with becoming 
familiar with new space and support services. Upon consideration of 
these factors, we believe a more reasonable estimate of non-productive 
time associated with the consolidation move is 12 hours per employee.
    The overall financial impact of these changes reduces the revised 
cost savings estimate from $41.3 million to $13.0 million.
Modification No. 5--Program Management Fees
    In its analysis, Deva assumed that PTO would pay a program 
management fee to GSA for its work in managing the development of the 
new consolidated facility. The Deva analysis estimated this cost at 
$7.0 million (FY2002 dollars), based on estimated levels of effort on 
the part of GSA employees and average labor costs per hour. We believe 
that Deva may have underestimated this fee.
    In our review of several documents on the PTO potential relocation, 
it appears that the program management fee has yet to be negotiated 
between PTO and GSA. Further, it appears that this fee will be 
calculated as a percentage of the total development costs of the new 
consolidated facility. In several documents, GSA has stated that this 
percentage will be ``less than 6.0 percent.'' Further, in a document 
detailing questions posed by Congress on the PTO project, total 
development costs of the consolidated facility were estimated at $500 
million.
    Given that GSA has stated that the fee will be less than 6.0 
percent, the fee could be between $0 (0 percent fee) and $30 million 
(6.0 percent fee). For our analysis, we assume a fee in the midpoint of 
the range, or 3.0 percent, resulting in a total program management fee 
of $15 million.
    The overall financial impact of this change reduces the revised 
cost savings estimate from $13.0 million to $6.0 million.
Modification No. 6--Base Year Building Rental Rate
    The Committee Resolution that authorized PTO to proceed with a 
possible relocation to a consolidated facility outlined the cost 
parameters of a potential transaction with a developer. In essence, the 
``maximum annual cost'' that could be incurred by the PTO under its 
lease for the new consolidated facility is $57.3 million in FY1996 
dollars. Thus, this amount is the Federal Government's maximum cost 
exposure for the building rent portion of the project expressed in 
FY1996 dollars.
    To calculate the building rent of the consolidated facility, Deva 
assumed a FY1996 base rent of $24.00 per rentable square foot 
(excluding additional rent due to CPI increases to cover higher 
operating expenses). This assumption is taken from the SFO, which was 
based, in part, on the Committee Resolution.
    Based on assumptions with respect to the space efficiency of the 
consolidated facility, Deva estimated the total building rent to be 
$53.0 million in fiscal year 1996 dollars. This amount is $4.3 million 
less than the government's maximum cost exposure.
    Of course, the consolidated facility was not in place as of FY1996, 
so the amounts cited above are considered to be beginning points that 
are allowed to be escalated annually until the consolidated facility is 
delivered to the PTO. Specifically, the Committee Resolution states 
that the $57.3 million can increase by 2.9 percent per year until the 
initial delivery of the consolidated facility.
    Likewise, the Deva estimate of building rent of $53.0 million in 
FY1996 dollars can be escalated by the same amount. The table below 
compares Deva's annual building rent with the maximum annual cost 
authorized by the Committee Resolution through FY2002, the year in 
which Deva assumes that the consolidated facility will be delivered to 
the PTO:



----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                           Maximum Annual Cost
                          Fiscal Year                             Annual Building Rent   Authorized by Committee
                                                                   Estimated by Deva            Resolution
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FY1996........................................................                  $53.0 M                  $57.3 M
FY1997........................................................                  $54.5 M                  $59.0 M
FY1998........................................................                  $56.1 M                  $60.7 M
FY1999........................................................                  $57.7 M                  $62.4 M
FY2000........................................................                  $59.4 M                  $64.2 M
FY2001........................................................                  $61.1 M                  $66.1 M
FY2002........................................................                  $62.9 M                  $68.0 M
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As the table demonstrates, Deva's estimated annual building rent in 
FY2002 is lower than the government's maximum cost liability. In other 
words, if certain Deva assumptions prove to be inaccurate, the actual 
rent paid for the consolidated facility could be above the Deva 
estimate. As a result, the Deva assumptions represent a ``best case'' 
scenario, not a ``worst case'' scenario.
    There are numerous factors that could produce higher annual rent 
payments than projected by Deva:
      The efficiency of the buildings in the consolidated 
scenario is less than Deva's estimate;
      There are construction cost overruns because of changing 
space requirements, change orders, approval delays, etc.;
      Some portion of the cost of possible environmental 
remediation at two of the possible consolidated sites are borne by the 
developer and passed through, in whole or in part, to the PTO in the 
form of higher rental payments;
      Some portion of the cost of traffic improvements required 
to accommodate two of the possible consolidated sites are borne by the 
developer and are passed through, in whole or in part, to the PTO in 
the form of higher rental payments;
      PTO's recent request for two computer centers instead of 
one would increase costs; and
      The Northern Virginia real estate market has improved 
significantly since fiscal year 1996, increasing land values and rents 
for suburban office buildings. Higher land values and rental rates 
would be reflected in developer bids on the consolidated facility.
    Because of these uncertainties, as well as the future timing of 
delivery of the new space, it is prudent to determine the impact on 
Deva's findings if the government had to pay the ``maximum annual 
cost'' for the new consolidated facility as outlined in the Committee 
Resolution ($57.3 million in fiscal year 1996 dollars), rather than 
using the ``best case'' assumptions made by Deva.
    The overall financial impact of this change reduces the revised 
cost savings estimate from $6.0 million to a cost increase of $47.7 
million.
C. Modifications Reveal Government will Spend More to Relocate
    The table below summarizes the financial impacts of the 
modifications made to the Deva model (millions of NPV $):


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Adjustments    NPV $\1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original Deva Conclusion: Government Savings                     ($72.4)
 of...........................................
Modification No. 1 ( Effective Lease                  $19.2      ($53.2)
 Commencement Date)...........................
Modification No. 2 (``Staff Additions'' Rental         $4.2      ($49.0)
 Rates).......................................
Modification No. 3 (Dual Rent Calculations)...         $7.7      ($41.3)
Modification No. 4 (Non-Productive Campus             $28.3      ($13.0)
 Travel Time).................................
Modification No. 5 (Program Management Fees)..         $7.0       ($6.0)
Modification No. 6 (Base Year Building Rental         $53.7        $47.7
 Rate)........................................
    Revised Conclusion: Government Cost                            $47.7
     Increase of..............................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Net Present Value impact. The parenthesis ( ) indicate cost savings;
  no parenthesis indicates cost increases.

D. Reliance on Deva Study To Justify Consolidation Effort is Misplaced
    The above ``sensitivity analysis'' clearly demonstrates that there 
is a significant impact on the Deva conclusion if only a handful of its 
34 cost assumptions turn out to be inaccurate and the government is 
required to bear higher costs.
    This means that the proposed PTO relocation project encompasses 
significant risk, while at the same time the cost savings are marginal 
if you accept the Deva results, and they are non-existent if you 
utilize more prudent assumptions.
    In contrast, the costs of remaining in PTO's existing facilities--
with upgrades which PTO has itself assumed would meet its needs for the 
next 20 years and expansion to accommodate future personnel growth--are 
less than the costs of relocating. Moreover, the identifiable risks of 
staying in existing facilities are minimal.
                  review of jefferson solutions report
Summary of Jefferson Solutions Report
    On March 15, 1998, the team of Jefferson Solutions, BTG, Inc., and 
Economics Research Associates was contracted by the U.S. Department of 
Commerce to review and evaluate the PTO's consolidation and space 
acquisition process. The report (``Jefferson Solutions'' report) 
examined several aspects of a PTO relocation, including the need for 
new space; the type and amount of new space; PTO's management of the 
process; and PTO's response to the Inspector General's concerns 
regarding space planning, build-out risk, and the GSA agreement.
    With respect to the cost impact of a relocation, the analysis in 
the Jefferson Solutions report relied primarily on a report prepared by 
Deva and Associates and it focused on a comparison of the rent cost per 
square foot to the PTO of staying in its current location(s) versus 
moving to a newly developed, consolidated, campus-type facility.
    The Jefferson Solutions report concluded that relocating to a 
consolidated facility would reduce the rent cost per square foot to the 
PTO. No dollar estimates of annual occupancy costs, however, were 
presented in the report. The report presented as evidence for its 
conclusion the fact that PTO is currently paying an average of $27.89 
per occupiable square foot, compared with a cost of ``$25.41 per square 
foot'' if it relocated to a consolidated facility.
    Specifically, the Jefferson Solutions report states on page A-7 
that

    ``PTO currently has 31 leases, averaging $27.89 per occupiable 
    square foot (``osp'') . . . The proposed lease as outlined in the 
    Prospectus will reduce this cost to $25.41 per square foot, 
    expressed in 1998 dollars . . . The competitive aspect of this 
    consolidation project has improved the efficiency factor and 
    reduced the cost per square foot.''
Arthur Andersen Analysis
    There is an error in the Jefferson Solutions report. The report 
compares its estimate of the current blended lease rate of $27.89 per 
occupiable square foot to the proposed lease rate of $25.41 per square 
foot. The report does not specify whether the $25.41 is on an 
occupiable or rentable square foot basis.
    Our analysis reveals that the $25.41 figure it is on a rentable 
square foot basis and was clearly calculated by taking the Prospectus 
rent target of $24 per rentable square foot (``rsp'') in fiscal year 
1996 dollars and escalating it by 2.9 percent annually, the SFO-allowed 
escalation factor, for 2 years to arrive at $25.41 in fiscal year 1998.
    Thus the lease rates cited by the Jefferson Solutions report are 
not comparable. The report should have used an occupiable square foot 
basis for comparison purposes.
    If the Jefferson Solutions report had used Deva and Associates core 
factor assumption of 11.00 percent to convert the consolidated least 
rate expressed in dollars per rentable square foot to dollars per 
occupiable square foot, the relevant lease rate would be $28.21 per osf 
under the consolidated scenario. This is higher than Jefferson 
Solutions calculation of PTO's current blended lease rate of $27.89 per 
osf. The excess cost of the consolidated rent will be even higher if 
the consolidated site has a core factor of greater than 11 percent.
    Thus, Jefferson Solutions' conclusion that the proposed relocation 
would result in lower direct lease costs to PTO is incorrect.
    Based on the data presented in the report, a PTO relocation from 
its existing space to a consolidated facility would, in fact, result in 
higher direct lease costs.
                              bibliography
    The documents reviewed by Arthur Andersen in preparation of this 
report include, but are not limited to, the following:
      Deva and Associates, P.C. ``Business Case Analysis of 
Space and Facilities Management.'' (May 22, 1998)
      Deva and Associates, P.C. ``U.S. Department of Commerce 
Patent and Trademark Office: Agreed Upon Procedures Report.'' (May 22, 
1998)
      Jefferson Solutions, BTG, Inc., and Economics Research 
Associates. ``Facility Space Analysis for the Patent and Trademark 
Office.'' (May 15, 1998)
      General Services Administration. ``United States Patent 
and Trademark Office Space Consolidation Project, Solicitation For 
Offers (SFO No. 96.004).'' (June 18, 1996)
      U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Inspector General. 
``Patent and Trademark Office: PTO Needs to Refine Its Space 
Consolidation Planning.'' (March 1998)
      General Services Administration. ``Draft Environmental 
Impact Study for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Consolidation.'' 
(April 1998)
      Smale, James R., Contracting Officer Realty Services 
Division. ``Questions Submitted For The Record By Congressman Istook.''
      Callow Transportation Consulting. ``Traffic Impacts from 
PTO at Sites in Alexandria.'' (July 1, 1998)
    SCS Engineers. ``Environmental Review Comments, Draft EIS for the 
Carlyle and Eisenhower Avenue Sites.'' (May 20, 1998)
    Lehman, Bruce A. ``Congressional Record--Senate: Patent and 
Trademark Office's Lease Procurement.'' (July 30, 1998)
                                 ______
                                 
                    Patent Office Professional Association,
                                 Arlington, VA, September 21, 1998.

    Sen. John Warner, Chairman,
    Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure,
    Committee on Environment and Public Works,
    Washington, DC 20510-4601.

    Dear Senator Warner: The Patent Office Professional Association 
represents over 2500 Lawyers, scientists and engineers who work at the 
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. More than half of these individuals 
reside in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
    We were impressed that you announced that the hearing scheduled for 
September 23, 1998 for the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office building 
procurement would be open to all interested parties to testify at. We 
are disappointed that your staff turned down our request to testify. If 
that decision stands, the views of our members as either employees of 
the USPTO or as residents of Virginia will not be heard.
    We hope that you are interested in hearing why 75 percent of our 
members are against this building procurement.
            Sincerely,
                                Ronald J. Stern, President.
                               __________
       Statement of Kirk S. Lippold, Eisenhower Civic Association
    Mr. Chairman, Members of the Subcommittee, and Fellow Americans: As 
of the Executive Committee of the Eisenhower Civic Association (ECA), 
it is indeed an honor and a privilege to stand before you today.
    The ECA represents the citizens of Alexandria who live and operate 
businesses within the Eisenhower Corridor. ECA was activated by 
residents of the Carlyle Towers Condominium (CTC), a luxury complex of 
525 homes at Carlyle, in Old Town, Alexandria. These homes will be 
woefully affected by the proposed relocation of the U S. Patent and 
Trademark Office (PTO) at Carlyle. We have serious concerns about this 
proposal, with respect to both the Carlyle Community and Old Town, 
Alexandria.
1. The 1992 Master Plan
    The 1992 Master Plan, which culminated in an agreement between many 
civic associations and the City of Alexandria, envisioned for Carlyle a 
tastefully mixed residential, cultural, and urban development in an 
environment consistent with that of Old Town Prior to 1992, Norfolk 
Southern Railroad owner of the 76.0-acre Carlyle property, prepared the 
1990 Car/Norfolk Southern Concept Development Plan (Carlyle Plan). The 
ECA finds both plans to be wholly consistent. Both plans emphasized 
vibrant mixed use and integration of business with community life. This 
encompassed theaters, gardens, multiple residential developments. 
commercial offices and a design concept with a quality of life enticing 
to potential buyers.
    Carlyle residents relied upon the 1992 Master Plan and the 1990 
Carlyle Plan when selecting Alexandria for their home. Many of Carlisle 
residents are senior Citizens who chose be make the Carlyle community 
their retirement home because they believed that it would be a lovely 
mixed use development. The beautiful mixed use concept for Carlyle is 
now jeopardized by the proposal to replace it with the PTO.
    If the PTO comes to Carlyle, the community will be transformed into 
another Rosslyn. The PTO, as we know it, will consist of six city 
blocks with five huge office buildings, two eight-story open garages, 
and, as its center structure, a skyscraper of 288 feet. There will be 
7,000 plus PTO employees, parking spaces for 3,500 PTO cars, 
approximately 1,000 PTO visitors per day, a substantial number of PTO 
support contractor employees, and innumerable daily couriers.
    The Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) states that LCOR's 
PTO design is incompatible with the Carlyle Development Plan. The Draft 
states that the only possible mitigation factors are (1) change the PTO 
design or 2) change the Carlyle Development Plan. EAC does not want 
tine 1990 Carlyle Development Plan changed to accommodate the PTO 
design.
2. Traffic
    We do not believe the Draft EIS and LCOR's proposal adequately 
address the obvious problem of traffic. For example, to access the 
Carlyle site, many employees and those individuals doing business with 
the PTO would need to travel through Duke Street, a principal 
thoroughfare in Old Town. as well as other parts of Alexandria. Duke 
Street currently experiences substantial backups during rush hour. If 
the Carlyle site is selected, this backup will more than double, 
causing distraught motorists to spill over into other Old Town streets. 
LCOR Incorporated, the developer offering the Carlyle site in the 
General Services Administration (GSA) PTO competition, advises that the 
traffic study conducted in support of its proposal is based upon 
convention. Does the convention utilized by LCOR take into 
consideration historic narrow two-lane streets?
    Our advisors indicate that, without substantial transportation 
improvements, the PTO at Carlyle would have a major negative impact 
upon 17 intersections along Duke and King Streets in Old Town, only 
seven of which were addressed by the Draft EIS. Of those seven, all 
will fail without improvement, GSA assumes that there will be funds 
available to improve those seven, but zero dollars are available and no 
planning has been done. Even if the required funds are spent, GSA 
recognizes that four of the seven improved intersections will fail.
    The Draft does not consider the impact of the proposed decade of 
construction for the Woodrow Wilson Bridge which the PTO will use to 
provide access to an unknown but substantial number of vehicles 
bringing employees and visitors over the bridge's exit ramps to the 
PTO. Nor does the Draft address the--I-495/95/395 Springfield 
interchange for which construction is also expected to take 10 years.
    I am not a traffic expert. However it does not take an expert to 
know that more than 5 minutes is too long to cross Duke Street by foot 
during rush hour. What will it be with 7,000 PTO employees, 3,500 PTO 
cars, and 1,000 PTO visitors?
3. No Public Hearings
    LCOR has had ample time to submit its proposed zoning changes and 
PTO application to the Alexandria City Planning Commission and City 
Council for public comment and due process. LCOR has deferred public 
hearings by the City since submission of its initial application in 
February 1998. We have heard that LCOR plans to continue deferral until 
after GSA makes contractor selection.
    We ask the City of Alexandria to adhere to established procedures 
for notification and public hearings before GSA makes its decision. 
Bypassing these specified events would be an injustice to concerned 
citizens and should not be allowed.
    The GSA Solicitation for Offers does not require that LCOR's PTO 
design have Alexandria City Planning Commission and City Council 
approval before contractor selection occurs. It contractor selection 
takes place in advance of those hearings, the Federal Government, with 
full knowledge of the Alexandria City Government, will have aided LCOR 
in obstructing the voice of the local community.
4. The Voices of Alexandria
    I am attaching to this statement a copy of a collective letter 
signed by the presidents of nine civic associations and the pillars of 
the Alexandria community--Ellen Pickering and Lillea Finklea These 
civic associations represent literally thousands of Alexandria 
citizens.
    Mr. Chairman, Members of the Subcommittee, and Fellow Americans--
ECA believes the citizens of Alexandria do not want Carlyle to be 
ruined.
    I thank you for your time.
                                 Kirk S. Lippold, Chairman,
                                               Executive Committee.
   Statement of Keith F. Addison, Pte., President Emeritus, Oklahoma 
                           Inventors Congress
    Had I been allowed to testify, this is what I would have said: Good 
afternoon Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee, Ladies and Gentleman:
    I am to have the opportunity to appear this afternoon as the 
representative of the creators of America's technology, who are the 
principle users, and I might add, the principle financial supporters of 
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Please understand that we are not 
such by choice, but at there is no Ajax Patent Company, from which we 
may obtain protection for our intellectual property, it's the only game 
in town. Unlike the users of the postal service, who have the choice of 
a number of alternative private suppliers for mail delivery, we have 
only one Patent Office but we like it as it is, and where it is. We are 
therefore adamantly, no vehemently, opposed to any plan to relocate the 
Patent Office to a ``campus-like'' setting in suburban or rural 
Virginia. The reasons are many, and include the following:
    First--Location: Situated as it is in the very heart of Crystal 
City, the patent office is less than 5 minutes by Metro, or perhaps 10 
by taxi, from Washington National Airport. Even in inclement weather, 
the walk from the metro station to the office is not unpleasant, as it 
can be made entirely through the Crystal Underground. It should be 
remembered that most of the patrons who come to the Patent Office are 
either inventors, who come from all over America, or Attorneys, agents, 
or researchers who are officed nearby, who come to the patent office to 
avail themselves of the Public Search Room facilities or to consult 
with members of the patent examining corps. The very idea of moving the 
existing and fully operational Patent Office from its current location 
to a nearby site in the Virginia suburbs is ludicrous, and the cost to 
do so is prohibitive. Not only would the cost to the inventive 
community be prohibitive but consideration must also be given to the 
appurtenant facilities, hotels, restaurants, shopping etc. that 
currently surround and support the patent office in which hundreds of 
millions of private dollars have been invested. Are these service 
businesses to be abandoned, because a couple of people don't like the 
current location? Consider also the ancillary services provided by the 
hundreds of law firms, which practice, adjacent thereto. These firms 
also have leases, which they must honor, or dishonor, at tremendous 
costs. All of these services will eventually come to exist around a 
relocated patent office, but at what cost?
    We have heard of the incredibly high cost of real estate and 
construction in the District of Columbia and surrounding areas and feel 
compelled to inquire why the patent office should be situated there.
    The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has no requirement to be 
adjacent to the Nations Capitol. In fact, the inventive public who pays 
for the operation of the Patent Office would probably be better served 
were the office to be located elsewhere. We would respectfully suggest 
that real estate and construction costs, are far cheaper in other 
areas. We are certain that the zeal of the proponents of a new office 
(and of the Commissioner), would diminish considerably were plans to 
call for the office to be relocated to Kansas City or Tulsa. We are 
certain that we could provide an attractive and cost effective 
construction package for either of these two locations.
    Second--Need. There is no compelling need to relocate the office 
and despite the rhetoric and posturing of the proponents of the move. 
While we have been told of the overwhelming requirement for additional 
space, some two hundred thousand square feet of currently leased space 
remain unoccupied. Under the proposed space allocation planned for the 
new facility many of the facilities and services of the of floe will no 
longer be available to the public or to the Examining Corps. We are 
speaking of the Public Search Room and of the paper files, which would 
be eliminated in the new facility. Examiners offices which currently 
comprise approximately one hundred and fifty square feet would be 
reduced to one hundred and 20 to accommodate the large conference areas 
envisioned under the new space allocation. The need for and 
justification of amphitheaters cannot be credibly established and would 
seem to represent a poor investment, as once constructed they become a 
long term, little used, liability as they must be paid for whether in 
use or not. Conversely meeting rooms and auditoriums capable of 
accommodating several thousand people are readily commercially 
available literally across the street and payment therefore is not 
required except when the facilities are used.
    Third--Personnel: It would appear that no serious consideration 
and/or inquiry has been made into the needs and wants of the personnel 
who actually perform the work of the patent of rice. Approximately 85 
percent of the employees of the office reside in the area of Northern 
Virginia, and of that number 75 percent are content to remain where 
they are and are generally satisfied with the present location of the 
office and have no desire to see changes made. Many of these employees 
have sited their homes with particular attention being given to 
proximity to either the patent office or to public transportation 
(Metro). Relocation would be extremely disruptive of their lifestyles 
and life plans.
    In conclusion, it would appear that the motivations for relocation 
of the patent office are not purely altruistic and all possible 
alternatives have not been fully explored. While the commissioner 
professes to desire only a more efficient office there is the obvious 
question of aesthetic over-kill and wasted space. Others may profess 
other desires for the office but it is feared that their reasons are 
self-serving. The vast majority of the independent users of the 
services of the Patent Office are content with the location, and can 
find no compelling reason to expend this vast sum of money to create 
yet another White Elephant. If a business, or an individual, desires to 
lease a vehicle or a warehouse, good business practice, or just common 
sense suggests that following the lease, acquisition of ownership is 
possible for a pre-lease, agreed-upon amount. If we must lease a Patent 
Office, why would we not lease-to-own, so that someday, after years of 
paying ridiculous sums for rental, we would at least have something to 
show for it?
                             Kenneith F. Addison, Jr., Pte.
                 President Emeritus, Oklahoma Inventors Congress.  
                 Director, United Inventors Association of the USA,
                    Spokesperson, Alliance for American Innovation.
                               __________
                      Office of Hon. Ernest J. Istook, Jr.,
                       U.S. House of Representatives, May 26, 1998.

    The Honorable William Daley,
    Secretary of Commerce,
    U.S. Department of Commerce,
    Washington, DC 20230.

    Dear Mr. Secretary: As you know, the recently passed supplemental 
appropriations bill directs you to conduct a review of the merits of 
the proposed procurement of new headquarters space for the Patent and 
Trademark Office (PTO) and to submit a report to the Appropriations 
Committees before any appropriated funds can be spent.
    As you conduct your review, I wanted to share my thoughts on the 
project with you. In all candor, I must tell you I have serious 
reservations about this project. I have reviewed reports on PTO's 
planned expansion and consolidation produced by both the National 
Taxpayer's Union and the Inspector General (IG) of the Commerce 
Department. These reports describe a procurement of tremendous 
magnitude and expense that threatens to have skyrocketing costs as a 
result of poor planning and management.
    Further, the IG's report has uncovered new information that 
documents $29 million in additional costs for extravagant upgrades that 
were hidden from Congress. PTO testified that the project included $88 
million in build-out costs, i.e. the cost of constructing and finishing 
the interior space with rugs, wall coverings, fixtures, etc. This 
build-out cost is an astonishing $44 per square foot, more that twice 
as much as a typical, high quality government facility.
    On top of that figure, I now learn from the IG that PTO plans to 
spend another $29 million for ``above standard build-out additions.'' 
So, the true cost on the build-out is not $88 million, but rather $117 
million, a remarkable $58 per square foot. Moreover, this additional 
$29 million has not been authorized by Congress, calling unto question 
whether PTO has the authority to legally go forward with this project 
at all.
    In light of the information I have reviewed to date, it is my view 
that this project should not go forward.
    Unless your report brings forth new information that I have not 
seen, I will attempt to use the Treasury, Postal Service and General 
Government Appropriations bill, which funds General Services 
Administration, or a similar vehicle, to put an end to this wasteful 
and unnecessary project. If your report reaches the same conclusion 
that this is a wasteful project, I encourage you to do everything in 
your power to terminate PTO's planned procurement.
    Thank you for your attention to this matter.
            Very truly yours,
                                     Ernest J. Istook, Jr.,
                                                Member of Congress.
                                 ______
                                 
                       Committee on Governmental Affairs,  
                                               U.S. Senate,
                           Washington, DC 20510-6250, May 20, 1998.

    The Honorable William Daley,
    Secretary of Commerce,
    U.S. Department of Commerce,
    Washington, DC 20230.

    Dear Secretary Daley: I am pleased that you are currently reviewing 
the expansion and consolidation of the headquarters of the Patent and 
Trademark Office (PTO). Due to the alleged extravagance of the project, 
I believe it warrants your close attention and scrutiny.
    Many issues have been raised relating to the cost-effectiveness of 
a possible move by PTO to a new complex. In particular I am concerned 
that PTO does not have a final budget for the build-out and that the 
Solicitation for Offers does not: set a ceiling amount. The Commerce 
Department's own Inspector General has expressed concern that because 
GSA will be the manager of the the build-out, they ``. . . will have 
little to no incentive to minimize PTO's costs since the higher the 
total build out cost, the higher GSA's fees.'' This alone could result 
in significant costs. In addition, it is also important that possible 
moving costs are considered and appropriately monitored.
    As you proceed with the review of this project, I urge you to take 
every possible step to arrive at the most cost-effective option for 
PTO.
            Sincerely,
                                   Sam Brownback, Chairman,
              Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management,  
                       Restructuring, and the District of Columbia.
                                 ______
                                 
                            Office of Hon. Edward R. Royce,
                       U.S. House of Representatives, May 21, 1998.

    The Honorable William Daley, Secretary,
    Department of Commerce,
    Washington, DC 20230

    Dear Secretary Daley: I am pleased that you are reviewing the 
proposed new headquarters complex for the Patent and Trademark Office 
(PTO). I am closely monitoring the developments and costs associated 
with this expansion.
    I have been informed that the PTO is pressing for the construction 
of new and expanded facilities at a cost of $1.3 billion despite the 
fact that 200,000 square feet of their current 1.3 million square foot 
complex is unoccupied. Further, I understand that the PTO enjoys a 
secure lease at what appears to be favorable rates with extension 
options that will not expire until 2014. Serious questions have also 
been raised regarding what are seemingly extravagant and unnecessary 
aspects of the proposed facility.
    I appreciate your personal attention to this project and I hope 
that every cost effective alternative is considered.
            Sincerely,
                                           Edward R. Royce,
                                                Member of Congress.
                                 ______
                                 
                        Office of Hon. John J. Duncan, Jr.,
                       U.S House of Representatives, June 11, 1998.

    Mr. William Daley,
    Secretary of Commerce,
    Department of Commerce,
    Washington, DC 20230.

    Dear Mr. Daley: I am writing regarding the proposed Patent and 
Trademark Office (PTO) plan to expand its headquarters.
    I have had information brought to my attention that makes the 
question this proposal.
    I am a member of the Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Economic 
Development. During my service on this Subcommittee I have worked very 
hard to ensure that Federal construction projects are necessary and 
that they are completed in the moot economical manner.
    However, I do not believe that the proposal for a new headquarters 
for the PTO is necessary or that it can be carried out in an economical 
manner.
    It is my understanding that the PTO has lease options in place that 
would allow it to remain at its current location until 2014. According 
to the National Taxpayers Union (NTU), it could cost taxpayers $100 to 
$200 million more to rent the new facility. In addition, the NTU has 
estimated that it could cost $120 million just to move.
    Furthermore, I believe a 20-year lease for $1.3 billion is 
excessive given that this is nearly twice the cost of constructing the 
Ronald Reagan Building, which was the most expensive Federal building 
in history.
    It is also not clear why the PTO would request a 2.3 million 
square-foot complex when it already has 200,000 square feet that is not 
being utilized at its current facility.
    Finally, I am told that this proposal includes some excessive and 
lavish features such as plazas, sculptures, decorative fountains, 
jogging trails, amphitheaters and fitness centers.
    This new project is opposed by the National Taxpayers Union, the 
Citizens Against Government Waste, and even more significantly, the 
inventors who are the clients of the PTO and the employees of the 
agency itself. For these reasons and others, I hope you will save the 
taxpayers a great amount of money by stopping this very wasteful 
proposal before it goes any further,
    Thank you for your time and consideration. If you have any 
questions please feel free to give me a call.
    With best wishes and personal regards, I am
            Yours truly,
                                       John J. Duncan, Jr.,
                                                Member of Congress.
                                 ______
                                 
                            Office of Hon. Thomas M. Davis,
                    U.S. House of Representatives, October 7, 1997.

    The Honorable David J. Barram, Administrator,
    General Services Administration,
    Washington, DC 20405

    Dear Mr. Barram: I am writing in reference to the General Services 
Administration (GSA) Solicitation No. 96.004, the project to 
consolidate the offices of the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) in 
northern Virginia via long-term leases. I am specifically concerned as 
to the amount of space to be leased and the cost of the ``tenant fit-
out.''
    As the solicitation is currently written, the PTO seeks to lease up 
to 2,386,940 rentable square feet of office space. The solicitation 
also requires each offeror to propose a building `` shell'' and then 
provide GSA with an $88 million fit-out allowance.
    I would appreciate your response to the following two concerns. 
First, please confirm that the 2,386,940 rentable square feet remains 
as the PTO's long term (20-year) requirement for space and that there 
are no plans or discussions underway, in GSA or PTO, or between GSA and 
PTO, to increase that amount. If there are any plans or discussions 
regarding either increasing or decreasing PTO's space requirement, I 
would appreciate knowing the specific nature of those plans or 
discussions and receiving any documents or records relating to the 
contemplated changes. I assume that any change in the PTO's long term 
space requirements will require an amended prospectus to be submitted 
to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee.
    Second, I understand that the Solicitation for Offers (SFO) 
requires offerors to provide an $88 million Fit-Out Allowance to 
complete the PTO facility. This allowance, has not yet been made part 
of the Prospectus review process. I would therefore appreciate an 
explanation as to the amount of and use of the Fit-Out Allowance being 
required of offerors.
    Given the current status of the PTO solicitation, I would 
appreciate your answer to these questions no later than October 24, 
1997. Thank you in advance for your prompt attention to this matter.
            Sincerely,
                                                 Tom Davis,
                                                Member of Congress.
                                 ______
                                 
                          Office of Hon. Michael P. Forbes,
                        U.S. House of Representatives, May 5, 1998.

    The Honorable William M. Daley, Secretary,
    Department of Commerce,
    Washington, DC 20036.

    Dear Secretary Daley: I am concerned about the Patent and Trademark 
Office's (PTO) proposed plan to expand and consolidate its headquarters 
space. Information from the PTO about the intended space expansion 
project and the costs associated with it appears to be inaccurate and 
possibly misleading. PTO Commissioner Bruce Lehman's testimony last 
month before one of the subcommittees I serve on, the House 
Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State and the 
Judiciary, included apparently inaccurate statements.
    Specifically, Commissioner Lehman testified that the PTO's current 
average rent per square foot of space is higher than the level approved 
in PTO's proposed expansion. The attached analysis appears to 
demonstrate that the Commissioner's statement is inaccurate and that 
the proposed PTO expansion/consolidation is far more expensive than 
existing options. The Commissioner also testified that the PTO is 
seeking new space because its current leases have expired, when the 
attached analysis demonstrates that the PTO has secure term leases in 
place and has options to remain in place until the year 2014 at what 
appear to be favorable rental rates. These apparent inaccuracies should 
be closely scrutinized and corrected. I share your interest in ensuring 
that the PTO's space needs are met. However, if the PTO has options on 
the space it needs for 16 years into the future at favorable rental 
rates, why is the agency proposing to spend $1.3 billion over 20 years 
for a new lease?
    I understand that you are currently conducting your own review of 
the proposed PTO consolidation and you may be evaluating concerns 
highlighted in the December 1997 draft report, ``Insufficient Planning 
is Jeopardizing PTO's Space Consolidation Project,'' issued by the 
Commerce Department's Office of Inspector General. In your review of 
the PTO's space plans, I urge you to pay close attention to the 
concerns set forth and the analysis provided in the attached letter. If 
there is a more sensible, cost effective alternative, perhaps the 
current plan should be rethought. Thank you for your careful attention 
to these concerns.
            Sincerely,
                                         Michael P. Forbes,
                                                Member of Congress.
                                 ______
                                 
     [From the Washington Business Journal, September 18-24, 1998]
           Critics of PTO Relocation Get Hearing from Senate
    A Senate panel plans to take another look at the proposed 
relocation of the Patent and Trademark Office.
    A subcommittee chaired by Sen. John Warner, R-VA, has scheduled a 
Sept. 23 hearing to discuss the controversial PTO project.
    ``What the Senator wants to do with a hearing is to bring everybody 
to the table--everybody in favor of it, everybody against it--and he 
wants all the arguments in front of people,'' said a spokesman in 
Warner's office.
    The hearing before the Environment and Public Works Subcommittee 
will be held at 2:30 pm. in room 406 of the Dirksen Senate Office 
Building.
    The move comes as the National Taxpayer Union intensifies its 
attacks on the project and residents living near one of the sites under 
consideration rally against it.
    At issue is the proposed relocation of the PTO from 1.9 million 
square feet in 16 leased buildings in Crystal City. The General 
Services Administration, which oversees Federal office space, wants to 
sign a new 20-year lease for 2.2 million to 2.4 million square feet in 
eight buildings near a Metro station. The cost of the lease has been 
authorized at $1.3 billion over its term.
    The GSA has narrowed the search to three Northern Virginia sites 
and plans to request final proposals from the finalists by the end of 
September. GSA spokesman Jim Williams said. The agency expects to award 
the lease in January.
    Two finalists in Alexandria are: Bethesda-based LCOR Inc., which 
would develop the complex at Alexandria's Carlyle development, owned by 
Norfolk Southern Co.; and Alexandria-based Hoffman Management Inc., 
which would build on a vacant site at the Eisenhower Avenue Metro 
station.
    Arlington-based Charles E. Smith Cos., the PTO's current landlord, 
is the other finalist. Smith has lobbied hard to keep the PTO from 
moving, but it would have to do major renovations of its 1960-era 
Crystal City buildings if it succeeds.
    The project has drawn national attention, with several of the 
parties involved hiring lobbying firms and the National Taxpayers Union 
also getting into the act.
    The Alexandria-based organization wants Congress to stop the move, 
saying it would worsen traffic through Alexandria and Arlington. The 
group also called the project ``extravagant'' citing a plan listing the 
purchase of $250 shower curtains and $1,000 coat racks.
    But the PTO said those examples and others cited by the taxpayers 
union came from a consultant's hypothetical study on worst-case 
estimates.
    Furniture purchases will based on competitive bids or the GSA 
schedule, and the complex's interior build-out will be capped at the 
Federal Government's maximum of $36.69 a square foot. The PTO also said 
its leases are funded by patent fees.
    This month another controversy surrounding the project erupted. A 
group of Alexandria residents, many of whom live in Carlyle Towers in 
the Carlyle development, do not like changes proposed to the Carlyle 
plan that would accommodate the PTO.
    One of the development's streets would be cut short and another 
eliminated. The proposal also calls for the tallest building to 
increase from 220 feet to 288 feet. In addition, many of the buildings 
at the center of Carlyle would be changed from residential to office.
    ``It makes the center a dense office complex,'' said Carlyle Towers 
resident Alan Rudd. ``It really changes the image of the community as 
it was originally proposed.''
    Rudd and other citizens from nine civic groups plan to lobby 
Alexandria officials to steer the PTO toward the other Alexandria site.
    But Mayor Kerry Donley said the city is committed to getting the 
PTO and doesn't favor one site over the other.
    He said the city, developer and residents should be able to 
overcome their differences should the Carlyle site be chosen.
    ``I'm hopeful that the city will stick to its priority--the pursuit 
of the Patent and Trademark Office,'' Donley said.
                                 ______
                                 
             [From the Washington Times, September 8, 1998]
  New Offices Termed Patently Grandiose: Coalition Slams Plan for PTO 
                                  Move
                        (By Joyce Howard Price)
    Anti-tax groups, some GOP senators and former Presidential 
candidate Ross Perot are denouncing Federal plans to spend up to $1.3 
billion to lease opulent new digs for the Patent and Trademark Office.
    Critics say the offices feature lavish plazas, fountains and 
furnishings that include $13,000 tables, $240 shower curtains and $562 
stools.
    The 300,000-member National Taxpayers Union and the 600,000-member 
Citizens Against Government Waste are pressing Congress for a 
``wholesale re-examination'' of what they are variously describing as 
the ``government building boondoggle'' and the ``PTO palace.''
    What's more, a new poll by the Patent Office Professional 
Association, a union representing patent examiners with the Patent and 
Trademark Office, found its members opposed the move to a new PTO 
complex by a margin of 3 to 1, said NTU spokesman Pete Sepp.
    ``We want to avoid the danger of appearing to create the next 
Ronald Reagan Building, with its high cost overruns and grandiose 
public spaces,'' the union, POPA, said in its newsletter, POPA News.
    The Ronald Reagan International Trade Center, which began as a $362 
million project, ended up costing more than $800 million.
    Critics of the proposed PTO move portray the Reagan building as a 
bargain, compared with the ``campus'' proposed for PTO, whose 5,200 
employees are currently spread out over 18 buildings and a one-mile 
radius in Crystal City.
    Mr. Sepp points out that the Federal Government would pay twice as 
much as what it spent for the Reagan building to ``lease, not own,'' 
the new PTO headquarters. The Reagan trade center was ``built to last 
for 200 years, not just for a 20-year lease,'' he said.
    Brigid Quinn, spokeswoman for PTO, said that in 1995 The General 
Services Administration, in concert with Congress, determined PTO 
needed more space and up-to-date space,'' and that ``consolidation 
would make operations more efficient.''
    By year's end, she said, the GSA is expected to select from one of 
three alternatives to PTO's current location arrangements. One option, 
she said, would be a ``reconfiguration'' of the space where PTO is now. 
The others would be to build all-new facilities on other property in 
Arlington or Alexandria.
    In a recent editorial, Investor's Business Daily took a swipe at 
PTO Commissioner Bruce Lehman's proposed ``palace.''
    It would feature costly surfaces of granite, marble and hardwoods, 
There would be plazas, fountains, jogging trails, and high-tech 
lighting. The art crowd should be pleased with the sculptures and open-
air amphitheater'' the newspaper said.
    In July, Sen. John McCain, Arizona Republican and chairman of the 
Commerce Committee, raised concerns about the ``enormous cost of the 
project,'' then estimated at $1.6 billion. That total would have 
included $1.3 billion for the 20-year lease and an additional $250 
million to ``improve'' the new headquarters building and bring it up to 
PTO standards.
    The Senate narrowly debated an amendment Mr. McCain made to the 
Commerce appropriations bill that would have shut down the proposed 
relocation.
    But it passed an amendment sponsored by Sen. Sam Brownback, Kansas 
Republican,and Sen. James M. Inhofe, Oklahoma Republican, that put a 
$13 billion ceiling on the lease payment and a $135 million cap on what 
could be spent for moving costs, improvements and new furnishings.
    NTU says it believes those costs are excessive and will continue to 
press Congress for more relief. ``There will be hearings, hopefully, 
later this month,'' said Mr. Sepp.
                                 ______
                                 
               [From Roll Call newspaper, July 23, 1998]
                          Patently Overpriced
    GOP Sen. John McCain (Ariz.) and John Warner (Va.) are battling 
over a proposed move by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office that could 
reportedly save the taxpayer hundreds of millions of dollars in 
unnecessary spending.
    McCain has introduced an amendment to the fiscal 1999 Commerce, 
Justice, State and the Judiciary appropriations bill that would allow 
the agency which wants to relocate, to consider moving to DC or 
Maryland if it helps reduce the cost of the agency's upcoming move.
    But Warner is only interested in having the PTO move anywhere 
inside the state of Virginia--just so that his home state keeps the 
agency's roughly 5,300 employees. Warner pushed through language back 
in 1995 preventing the PTO from fleeing the Old Dominion.
    Warner has also had to deal with Sen. Sam Brownback (R-Kan.) and 
Rep. David McIntyre (R-Ind.), who are critical of the PTO's handling of 
the proposed relocation. More fireworks are possible on this 
controversial move soon.
                                 ______
                                 
           [From the Tampa (FL) Tribune, September 22, 1998]
                   Hint: This Palace Is Not in Xanadu
    Now for a game of guess who.
    Guess who is buying 18 shower curtains at $250 each.
    Who is buying 52 stools at $562 each, 88 chairs at $1,025 each, 192 
chairs at $1,200 each and 16 really nice chairs at $1500 each.
    Who is buying nine coat racks at $1,000 each, 96 desks at $3,000 
each, seven desks at $4,000 each and one really nice desk at $5,000.
    Who is buying three cubical curtains at $600 each, 71 ash urns at 
$309 each, 8,280 waste receptacles (trash cans) at $133 each, 300 waste 
receptacles at $100 each, and 20 really nice waste receptacles at $870 
each.
    Guess who is lavishly furnishing in office building at a cost of 
$9,000 per employee.
    Here a a clue. The voices screaming about these prices come from 
the National Taxpayers Union.
    The costly furniture is to go into the ornate new headquarters of 
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office paid for by you-know-who--us. The 
structure in northern Virginia will have fancy fountains, plazas, 
sculptures and an open-air amphitheater. It is projected to cost the 
government $1.3 billion, and that's to lease the palace, not own it.
    To put that sum in local perspective consider that Hillsborough 
County paid $30 million for its upscale 2-story office tower. The 
patent office wants to spend 43 times as much for a building with about 
six times as much square footage. And the patent office could cost more 
because there is no set cost ceiling, The taxpayers group is right to 
demand that Congress reconsider this extravagance.
    Patent officers do vital work and they deserve a solid desk and a 
comfortable chair. But if Members of Congress think a clerk's coat 
requires a $1,000 rack or a patent officer's trash needs a $870 can, 
they're overdue for a visit home.
                                 ______
                                 
         [From the Indianapolis Star/News, September 10, 1998]
                      Feds' Patent on Wastefulness
    The Federal Government's spending habits just don't seem to 
improve.
    As part of a recent proposal to move the national Patent and 
Trademark Office (PTO) into a new facility, the government was prepared 
to pay $250 for each shower curtain. $1,025 (and higher) for each chair 
and $1,000 for each coat rack.
    The total proposed cost for furniture at the new site, under this 
proposal, was $60 million. Consider: That's just one of a long list of 
Federal agencies.
    That's not even the worst of it.
    The PTO planned to spared an incredible $1.3 billion to lease the 
new building for only 20 years. As a basis of comparison, the new 
Reagan Building cost the Federal Government about half that amount for 
the same amount of space--and it was purchased, not leased.
    It is expected to serve the Federal Government for perhaps 200 
years. not just 20.
    PTO Commissioner Bruce Lehman wanted the new site to feature marble 
surfaces, plazas, fountains and jogging trails.
    One of the first entities to raise concerns about the PTO's planned 
project was a watchdog group opposed to high taxes and government 
waste, the National Taxpayers Union. Since it publicized the matter, it 
has attracted allies to the cause of canceling the PTO's fancy plans.
    Inspecting the building proposal, Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., said 
the PTO's standards amounted to ``extravagant and luxurious amenities 
that most of America's businesses do not provide even to their most 
senior executives.''
    We agree. For far too long, Federal officials have followed 
blueprints for wasting taxpayers' money. This time, Congress had better 
take a wrecking ball to the PTO's proposed palace before any money is 
spent.
                                 ______
                                 
            [From the Houston Chronicle, September 14, 1998]
    ``Remember the armed forces' $600 hammers, coffee pots and toilet 
seats They're back, after a fashion. This time, it's the U.S. Patent 
and Trademark Office, which proposes to lease a new building and equip 
it with $250 shower curtains, $5,000 desks, $1,000 coat racks and $100 
trash cans (some would run as high as $870). Perhaps those prices are 
to be expected. According to the National Taxpayers Union, the 20-year 
lease of the building would cost taxpayers $1.3 billion. The trash cans 
would come at additional cost.''
                                 ______
                                 
        [From Dow Jones Investor's Business Daily, July 1, 1998]
    Throughout history, kings and dictators have built plush palaces in 
their own honor. Have we come this far in United States history only to 
have a bureaucrat do the same at taxpayer expense.
    One Washington group says we have. According to Citizens Against 
Government Waste, Patent and Trademark Office Commissioner Bruce Lehman 
``wants to build a billion-dollar palace for the greatest patent and 
trademark commissioner in history--himself.''
    Actually, the new headquarters proposed by Lehman would cost at 
least $1.3 billion. And that's a low-ball figure. The Ronald Reagan 
International Trade Center, Washington's most recent example of 
grandiose excess, was projected to cost $362 million.
    It cost $818 million. If Lehman's palace follows the typical 
government process, the new PTO headquarters would make the Reagan 
Center seem like a shack. Citizens Against Government Waste estimates 
the new PTO building would nearly double the Reagan Center's price 
tag--though it would be about 30 percent smaller.
    What Lehman proposes is far more than a practical government 
structure. It would feature costly surfaces of granite, marble and 
hardwoods. There would be plazas, fountains, jogging trails and high-
tech lighting. The art crowd should be pleased with the sculptures and 
open-air amphitheater.
    In a city of extravagant buildings and ornate architecture, more 
opulence is not necessary.
    Fountains, jogging trails and a museum ambience are not needed for 
the staff to examine patent and trademark applications. Employees would 
rather the money be spent on training and on search rooms, where 
examiners sift through the vast records of the Patent Office.
    Search rooms have been cut from building plans, though, and 
training now is virtually nonexistent. So much for employees' noble 
wish, as their union says, ``to do the real work of the PTO.''
    Understandably, inventors are also concerned. They fear they will 
be stuck with higher fees to pay for the huge construction costs. Their 
additional expenses would eventually be passed on to consumers.
    The PTO has listed four reasons it needs a new building. According 
to the union for PTO workers, though, all but one of those needs--space 
for more staff--have been met.
    That need can be taken care of by renting more space, the union 
says.
    None of this is to say the PTO shouldn't build--or move into--a new 
office. Ownership is often preferable to long-run renting, especially 
when taxpayers are footing a $57 million-a-year rent bill for the 
Patent Office.
    Functional office space can be built--or bought--for much less than 
$13 billion. Washington doesn't need another monolith.
                                 ______
                                 
   [Press Release from the National Taxpayers Union, August 6, 1998]
 Taxpayer Group's Crusade Against Building Boondoggle Gains Important 
                     National Supporter Ross Perot
    (Washington, DC)--The 300,000-member National Taxpayers Union (NTU) 
hailed former Presidential Candidate Ross Perot's declaration of 
opposition today to a massive proposed $1.3 billion headquarters for 
the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) as ``a clear sign that common 
sense is gaining ground on big government.''
    ``Taxpayers welcome Ross Perot's decision to speak out against the 
PTO Palace,'' said NTU Vice President for Government Affairs Al Cors, 
Jr., who has organized the group's opposition to the building complex. 
``As one of America's best known entrepreneurs, Ross Perot lends a 
strong voice to those of over inventors who resent this monument to 
bureaucratic extravagance.''
    In the course of its opposition to the new PTO headquarters, to be 
located in Northern Virginia, NTU researchers have uncovered a member 
of fiscal pitfalls that could trap taxpayers:
    The Federal Government would spend at least $1.3 billion to lease, 
not own this facility. By contrast the Reagan Building cost about half 
as much to build for the same amount of space for the PTO complex--and 
it's built to last for 200 years, not just for a 20-year lease.
    Interior build-out costs per square foot in the proposed PTO 
building could be more than double the standard rate for the rest of 
the Federal Government.
    PTO's costs just for moving into the new headquarters could run 
more than $130 million. One proposed moving plan would purchase $65 
million in brand new furniture, including $250 shower curtains, $750 
cribs, $309 ash cans, and $1,000 coat racks.
    The environmental cleanup costs of possible PTO relocation sites 
could be as high as $194 million--some may contain carcinogens or even 
unexploded ordnance.
    The Commerce Department's own Inspector General wrote that the PTO 
plan is ``flawed because the lease development project lacks a defined 
cost ceiling.''
    Recent, the Senate narrowly voted down an amendment to the 
Commerce/State/Justice Appropriations Bill from Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) 
that would have prompted serious examination of the PTO project. 
However, an amendment sponsored by Sen. Sam Brownback (R-KS) and Jim 
Inhofe (R-OK) to establish tighter cost controls on the PTO proposal 
did prevail. NTU has vowed to press Congress for a wholesale 
reconsideration of the plan.
    ``By a 3 to 1 margin, PTO employees represented by the Patent 
Office Professional Association oppose the move to a new complex,'' 
Cors concluded. ``Meanwhile, inventors like Ross Perot are calling on 
Congress to stop the tax on innovation that this costly building will 
cause. When both the workers and the customers are saying ``No to 
PTO,'' lawmakers should listen more carefully.''
                                 ______
                                 
  Highlights of Itemized Furniture Expenditures from the Deva Report 
                          prepared for the PTO

     Overall Furniture Costs--$65 Million--Over $9,000 per Employee
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Item                  Quantity    Unit Price   Total Cost
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Waste Receptacle.................          300         $100      $30,000
Waste Receptacle.................        8,280          $83     $687,240
Waste Receptacle w/tray..........           20         $870      $17,400
Projection Screen................          175       $3,000     $525,000
Ash Urn..........................           71         $309      $21,939
Chair............................           16       $1,500      $24,000
Chair............................          192      $ 1,200     $230,000
Chair............................           88       $1,025      $90,200
Desk.............................            1       $5,000       $5,000
Desk.............................            7       $4,000      $28,000
Desk.............................           96       $3,000     $288,000
Sofa.............................            1       $2,500       $2,500
Stool............................           52         $562      $29,224
Shower Curtain...................           18         $250       $4,500
Bed..............................           19       $1,000      $19,000
Bedding..........................           19         $500       $9,500
Bedding..........................            4         $375       $1,500
Crib.............................            4         $750       $3,000
Cubical curtain..................            3         $600       $1,800
ModularTable.....................            4      $13,298      $53,192
Table............................            1       $2,893       $2,893
Table............................            1       $1,001       $1,001
Lecturn..........................            3       $1,000       $3,000
Mobile Cart......................            3       $1,276       $3,828
Coat rack........................            9       $1,000       $9,000
Carrel...........................          300       $1,500     $450,000
    TOTAL........................  ...........  ...........   $2,541,117
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                 ______
                                 
                         Citizens Against Government Waste,
                                      Washington, DC, May 18, 1998.

    Dear Members of Congress: The Commissioner of Patents and 
Trademarks, Bruce Lehman, is attempting to build a memorial to himself 
with taxpayer dollars. Under the guise of consolidating space, 
Commissioner Lehman is soliciting bids to construct a new PTO 
facility--but not just any facility. At a cost of $1.3 billion, the PTO 
facility will dwarf the price tag of the $800 million Ronald Reagan 
building and have 700,000 less square feet.
    The PTO is asking for 2.3 million square feet although 200,000 
square feet of their current 1.2 million square-foot complex is 
unoccupied. The Department of Commerce Inspector General has produced a 
report, ``Insufficient Planning is Jeopardizing PTO's Space 
Consolidation Project,'' which casts some doubt on the appropriateness 
of this project.
    In testimony before the Appropriations Committee, Commissioner 
Lehman stated the PTO is seeking new space because its current leases 
have expired. However the PTO has secure term leases in place and has 
options to remain in their current location until the year 2014.
    It is our understanding that Commerce Secretary William Daley is 
currently conducting his own review of the alleged PTO consolidation. 
On behalf of the 600,000 members of the Council for Citizens Against 
Government Waste, we urge you to write Secretary Daley and impress upon 
him the importance of not proceeding with this project. Further, we ask 
that you use the appropriation and/or authorization process to 
terminate this attempt to loot the taxpayers.
            Sincerely,
                                           Council Nedd II,
                                    Director of Government Affairs.
                                 ______
                                 
     Statement of the Council for Citizens Against Government Waste
    the new patent and trademark office complex another government 
                      boondoggle waiting to happen
    Whether it's the lavish Federal courthouses, the $800 million 
Ronald Reagan Building boondoggle, or the $750,000 Taj Mahal of toilets 
in Delaware Water Gap National Park, the Federal Government can't 
resist wasting money on glitzy new buildings. Next up: construction of 
a new complex for the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) in Northern 
Virginia.
      House approval on April 23 of the 21st Century Patent 
System Improvement Act (H.R. 400) clears the way for a sparkling new 
PTO facility at an estimated cost of $1.3 billion. If anyone in 
Congress thinks this estimate is accurate, they need look no further 
than the recently christened Ronald Reagan Building which began as a 
$362 million project and wound up as an $800 million taxpayer 
nightmare.
      Not only will the PTO complex wind up costing nearly 
double what the Reagan Building cost, it will actually be smaller. The 
Reagan building takes up 3 million square feet of space compared with 
PTO's proposed 2.3 million.
      Why will the new PTO complex cost so much? One word: 
Extravagance. Included in the plans are electrical, lighting, cooling, 
telecommunications, and elevator facilities far above top industry 
standards. The complex will also have plazas, sculptures, decorative 
fountains, walking and jogging trails, open-air amphitheaters and 
state-of-the-art fitness facilities-- expenditures hardly necessary for 
the simple processing of patents and trademarks.
      PTO is asking for a 2.3 million square-foot complex even 
though 200,000 square feet of the current 1.2 million square-foot 
facility is unoccupied. In addition, PTO employees say they are happy 
where they are and have no desire to move to a new locale.
      Inventors and entrepreneurs will be forced to pick up the 
bill for the PTO palace in the form of higher surcharge fees for PTO 
services. Our most creative minds, whose inventions make life easier 
for all Americans, should not be forced to subsidize this boondoggle.
    Behind this effort is Patent and-Trademarks Commissioner Bruce A. 
Lehman. His willingness to ``tax'' inventors is a product of his 
attitude toward them. An Invention Digest story quotes him referring to 
these innovators as ``week-end hobbyists, and that anyone who disagrees 
with his proposals is a Member of the lunatic fringe in the Timothy 
McVeigh category.''
                                 ______
                                 
 [From POPA News, Patent Office Professional Association, January 1998]
            Is A New Campus Justified Without Search Rooms?
    The PTO has eliminated the search rooms in its plans for the new 
PTO campus, but having personnel closer to each other so that they 
could visit search rooms more easily was one of the main reasons the 
PTO cited in its request to Congress to approve the building of a new 
campus. The PTO called the need to have employees near to each other 
``collocation.'' In its Prospectus on the new campus, submitted to 
Congress it said ``Collocation is vital to the PTO mission and is a 
continuing agency need because interaction and cross research among 
technology groups is an integral part of the Patent and Trademark 
Examining process.''
    The vast majority of trips made by examiners are for searching, and 
if there are no examiner search moms. the need for consolidation pretty 
much evaporates.
PTO's Reasons
    The PTO has publicly acknowledged four reasons for a new campus: to 
make travel easier among employees by consolidating the PTO into closer 
quarters; to better accommodate automation systems: to update the 
buildings to meet current fire, safety, and accessibility standards and 
to accommodate more staff.
    Our increased use of automated systems requires increased 
electrical usage and air conditioning loads and capacity. But these are 
problems we've already solved. The PTO already has installed new, 
functioning equipment on every examiner's desktop. When management 
envisioned dual screen computers for every examiner. there may have 
been some need for more capacity than our current system can bear, but 
problems of capacity appear to be pretty much resolved now.
    Updating the building to meet current safety and accessibility 
standards would cost some money, but nothing like building a new campus 
would cost.
    That leaves the expansion of staff as a reason for a new campus. 
With the last expansion of our current offices to Crystal Park 2, we 
now occupy more than 1.7 million square feet of usable office space. 
which is about 400,000 square feet under the amount of usable office 
space called for in the specs for the new building.
    However, our Crystal City location offers us one advantage that a 
new campus might not have: the option of renting more space in the 
future if we need it. The advantages of this expansion capability 
should not be treated lightly. If the PTO builds a campus at another 
location. it may not be able to get additional space when it's needed. 
Also, clearly it's cheaper to rent additional space where we are than 
to build a new campus.
    In our recent employee survey, the majority of patent examiners 
didn't believe moving was a good idea The current facilities are better 
situated for most employees. They provide good access to shops and 
restaurants, are accessible by public transportation, and are just off 
numerous main thoroughfares That isn't true of some of the other sites 
considered.
    Is the PTO merely interested in building a monument to patents? 
Many people don't realize that GSA has already negotiated long-term 
lease options far our current space at rates that are more reasonable 
than new space will be. We want to avoid the danger of appearing to 
create the next Ronald Reagan Building, with its high cost overruns and 
grandiose public spaces.
    A December 17 story in The Washington Post quoted a Navy officer 
who had to move out of the Pentagon temporarily while it was being 
renovated into offices in Crystal City. He and his colleagues did not 
want to move back to the Pentagon because Crystal City was more 
convenient.
    Perhaps we should reevaluate the advantages of staying where we 
are. Then we could use the money allocated for the new campus to do the 
real work of the PTO, the examination of patent and trademark 
applications.
POPA Thrown Off Site Selection Advisory Board
    POPA has been told it may no longer attend Source Selection 
Advisory Board meetings, the meetings at which many of the issues 
regarding the selection of new space for the PTO campus are being 
discussed. The action is the direct result of an article in the 
November POPA News in which we reported on Charles E Smith's difficulty 
in getting the PTO to consider amending its specifications to make 
Charles E. Smith a viable bidder.
    A letter from Sharon Jenkins Source Selection Authority, General 
Services Administration, National Capital Region, says the POPA News 
article calls into question POPA's ability to ``fairly, objectively, 
and impartially evaluate Smith's and the other offerors' proposals''.
It Was Public Record
    We argued in the article that the PTO should listen to Charles E. 
Smith's requests to modify the specs so the company could compete 
fairly. But the information we had did not come from our participation 
upon the Source Selection Advisory Board; it was a matter of public 
record and available in public documents.
    The purpose of the union is to be an advocate for our members' best 
interests We have not abused our position on the Board by using any of 
the information discussed in any meetings; we have given our Board 
representative information about what would be best for our membership 
so that it can be conveyed to the Board. The flow of information has 
gone one way toward the Board, not out from the Board.
    Our participation on the Board is understood to be a way for us to 
present the views of our membership to site selection decisionmakers 
Our role is to represent the best interests of our bargaining unit 
members and it is in the interests of our membership to have Charles E. 
Smith be a viable competitor in this bidding because the Crystal City 
location offers advantages that other sites do not. Our error. 
apparently, was in announcing our position publicly. But we have always 
felt it is better to be open and above board about our position on 
issues that affect our membership so dramatically.
                                 ______
                                 
 [Press Release from the National Taxpayers Union, September 23, 1998]
    NTU To Testify at Senate Hearing on Patent and Trademark Office 
                               Boondoggle
           new study shows cost of $1.6 billion to taxpayers
    Washington, DC--The National Taxpayers Union, along with numerous 
other groups, will testify before the Senate's Environment and Public 
Works Subcommittee today that the proposed relocation of the Patent and 
Trademark Office is yet one more glaring example of government waste.
    The proposed relocation, which would bring all of the PTO offices 
together on one ``campus,'' would cost the Federal Government $1.6 
billion dollars to lease--not own. The Ronald Reagan Building, which 
made headlines throughout the eighties and nineties as a ``White 
Elephant,'' cost half as much as the proposed PTO plan--and it was 
built to last 200 years. For double the cost the PTO will have a lease 
on their new facility for a mere 20 years.
    A September 17, 1998, study of the proposed relocation prepared by 
Arthur Andersen, to be released at the hearing, states:

    ``Overall, the proposed PTO relocation project encompasses 
    significant risk and would result in higher occupancy costs for the 
    PTO. The risks associated with remaining in and improving existing 
    facilities are considerably less. Based on the data presented in 
    the report, a PTO relocation from its existing space to a 
    consolidated facility would, in fact, result in higher direct lease 
    costs.''
    The study also shows that instead of the $72 million dollars the 
PTO claims the relocation will save, there will actually be an 
additional cost of $47.7 million.
    Peter J. Sepp, vice president for communications for NTU, will 
testify that ``the price of moving the PTO ought to be able to buy a 
whole new building.''
    ``One proposed moving plan would purchase $65 million in brand new 
furniture, with price tags often higher than those found in the poshest 
Beverly Hills boutiques: $250 shower curtains, $750 cribs, $309 ash 
cans, $562 stools and $1,000 coatracks.''
                               __________
 Statement of Johnnie E. Frazier, Acting Inspector General, Department 
                              of Commerce
    Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, I am pleased to appear 
before you today to discuss our review of the Patent and Trademark 
Office's plan to consolidate its facilities and operations and 
accommodate its future space requirements.\1\ PTO's space consolidation 
project is expected to be one of the largest real estate ventures that 
the Department of Commerce, or the Federal Government, will undertake 
in the next decade. We have had a long-standing commitment to promoting 
the efficient management of the Department's facilities. Hence, we 
share the Committee's interest in ensuring that PTO is housed in 
facilities that meet its needs in the most cost-effective manner. To 
this end. we welcome the opportunity to discuss the findings of our 
review.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ PTO Needs to Refine Its Space Consolidation Planning, IPE-9724, 
March 1998. Commerce Department Inspector General reports are available 
on-line at http://www.oig.doc.gov/reports/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    As you are aware, planning for the PTO space consolidation effort 
began in 1989. In October 1995, this committee approved the prospectus 
for the project, which calls for the acquisition of a new or 
rehabilitated facility of up to 2.4 million rentable square feet\2\ 
located in Northern Virginia. The approved prospectus specified that 
the facility should have a maximum annual rent of $57 million for 20 
years, for a total of $1.1 billion, before allowing for inflation. In 
accordance with that prospectus, and in conjunction with the General 
Services Administration, PTO plans to award a contract to a private 
developer to (1) construct a new facility, or renovate an existing 
facility, and (2) lease it to PTO for a period of at least 20 years. 
PTO will also have a 10-year lease extension option at year 20 of the 
lease and purchase options at the 20 and 30-year marks. The 
solicitation for offers calls for the construction of the building 
shell and its ``build-out'' upon completion of the interior design. It 
is now anticipated that the lease development contract will be awarded 
in December 1998 or January 1999, with occupancy to begin in November 
2001.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ The Congress authorized 2.4 million rentable square feet, which 
GSA translated to 1.989 million square feet of occupiable space. 
Rentable space includes areas for which the government will pay rent, 
but are not useful as office space, such as lobbies, stairwells, rest 
rooms, and equipment rooms.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    When we issued our final report in March 1998, PTO occupied all or 
parts of 16 buildings in the Crystal City area of Arlington, Virginia, 
under 32 separate leases yielding 1.7 million occupiable square feet of 
space, of which approximately 1.4 million is office space.\3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ PTO is in the process of expanding into a seventeenth and an 
eighteenth building and a 33rd lease yielding an estimated total of 
1.88 million occupiable square feet. PTO has not yet accepted this 
additional space because it requires extensive fit-out before it can be 
occupied.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scope of Our Review
    Given the size and importance of the proposed PTO consolidation 
project, our office conducted a review to determine whether (1) the 
project was justified, and (2) PTO was effectively managing the 
critical acquisition phase of the project. We examined PTO's 
acquisition planning and procurement strategies, as well as its current 
working environment, comprised of 16 current facilities. We also 
examined PTO's space planning methodology, including the variables used 
by the agency to generate its space requirements. In addition, we 
studied the bureau's management of risks associated with the build-out 
of the building shell. Finally, we examined the respective roles and 
relationships of the Department, PTO, and the General Services 
Administration. GSA has a critical role because of its position as the 
lease development manager of this project. In addition, the Department 
has an oversight role. Our analysis did not cover the acquisition of 
new furniture or moving costs for the consolidated facility because 
that cost information was not available before we issued our report. We 
also have not analyzed specific Environmental Impact Statements because 
that process is still ongoing. Our field work lasted from June to 
December 1997. Our final report was issued in March 1998.
Our Findings
    The results of our inspection were mixed. We found a number of 
things that PTO was doing well, and we identified areas of concern that 
warranted the attention of the Department's and PTO's managers. Let me 
summarize for you our basic findings and recommendations, as outlined 
in our March 1998 report, and update you as to what actions PTO, and 
the Department, have taken in response to our report.
    The PTO consolidation project should continue. First and foremost, 
we determined that PTO had justified its need for modern, contiguous 
office space and that the space consolidation project should continue. 
PTO's justifications for this project focus on future savings and 
efficiencies from which the government will benefit. We found that PTO 
has managed many aspects of the lease development procurement well. The 
PTO/GSA procurement strategy and the execution of that strategy have 
generally been successful. PTO has documented the basic requirements 
and benefits for the new lease development based upon its need for 
modern, contiguous space that (1) is more efficient and less expensive 
than its current facilities, and (2) is compliant with the Americans 
with Disabilities Act and municipal health and safety codes. More 
specifically:
      Long-term cost savings should be realized because the 
current leased PTO space is more expensive than the $24 per square foot 
target authorized by the approved prospectus and specified in the 
solicitation.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ The $24 per square foot number was expressed in 1995 dollars, 
the year the prospectus was approved by the Congress.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Significant growth in the number of patent and trademark 
applications has increased PTO's workload, and improved facilities 
should allow PTO to better meet its future staffing and space 
requirements.
      Current leased facilities in Crystal City, Virginia, are 
in need of alterations to comply with fire, safety, and handicapped 
accessibility laws.
      Access for PTO and its customers, both to the facility 
itself and to public search areas, should be improved with the new 
consolidated facility.
    As previously noted, although PTO has generally justified its need 
for a new facility and has been doing a good job in managing the 
procurement, our report highlighted a number of concerns and problems 
that warranted management's attention.
    PTO had not finalized its space planning. We found that as of March 
1998, PTO had not completed its space planning or issued its space 
requirements to the offerors with only--at that time--seven months 
remaining before contract award. Reportedly, PTO had not finalized its 
space requirements because it had not reached an agreement with its 
bargaining unit employees over space-related working conditions. In the 
absence of such an agreement, PTO is not in the best position to 
prepare its detailed space plans and Program of Requirements for the 
``build-out'' of the new facility. We have been very concerned that the 
Program of Requirements will not be defined by the scheduled lease 
award--now anticipated in December 1998 or January 1999. Since the 
Program of Requirements must be issued upon award of the lease 
development contract, its delay could cause a major disruption in the 
award schedule and would likely increase project costs. Likewise, if it 
is issued on time--but must be changed later--the government could 
potentially be exposed to change orders that could further delay the 
project and increase costs.
    We also noted in our report that PTO had not fully considered the 
potential beneficial effects of its information systems reengineering 
in defining its space requirements. For years, PTO has invested heavily 
in systems reengineering and automation initiatives. Many of these 
initiatives were reportedly designed to achieve greater efficiencies 
and increase productivity by reducing PTO's staff and paper files. This 
should, in turn, reduce the facilities space requirements. PTO has 
factored only some of these initiatives, specifically the reduction in 
paper patent search files, into its planning for the new facility, 
based on its assumption that the benefits of reengineering and 
automation initiatives will not be realized until after occupancy of 
the new facility. We disagreed, suggesting that even partial success 
and implementation of PTO's reengineering initiatives should result in 
some benefit and potentially reduce its space requirements.
    PTO's build-out strategy exposes the government to cost overruns 
and program delays. Another of our concerns regarding the PTO 
consolidation project was that PTO's build-out strategy exposes the 
government to cost overruns and program delays. PTO's build-out 
strategy calls for a pool of $88 million to be set aside for completion 
or buildout of the basic building shell. The $88 million build-out 
allowance will be funded through the lease with the developer. Further, 
PTO is planning to spend an additional $29 million for upgraded 
building systems and interiors. We were critical of the above standard 
build-out process because it lacked a defined cost ceiling and is, in 
some ways, similar to a cost-type, sole-source task order construction 
project.\5\ Our specific concerns included the following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ A cost-type, sole-source task order construction contract can 
create a situation where the contractor has little incentive to control 
costs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      PTO did not have a final budget for the build-out, and 
there was no ceiling amount specified in the Solicitation for Offers to 
limit the government's financial exposure.
      The absence of a defined ceiling for the build-out may, 
in our opinion, act as an incentive for the developers to ``buy-in'' 
with low initial offers in the hope of recouping the difference on 
inevitable change orders to the baseline work.
      Without build-out specifications, the offerors are 
subject to performance risk, which may be incorporated into their 
offers as cost contingencies, increasing the cost to the government.
      The lack of build-out specifications increases the 
likelihood of change orders to correct incomplete specifications or 
correct deficient ones.
    The respective roles and responsibilities of PTO and GSA had not 
been defined in a memorandum of understanding. A third area of concern 
was that PTO and GSA had not completed a memorandum of understanding 
outlining their respective roles. Further, the fee structure between 
the agencies had not been defined. At the time of our report, 
discussions between PTO and GSA for GSA's build-out management fee 
included the possibility of a cost-based fee of between three and 9 
percent of incurred costs. We identified two problems with this 
possibility:
      The budgetary ceiling for the build-out had not been 
defined and GSA was expecting to receive a percentage of the costs 
expended. This equates to a cost-plus-percentage-of-cost fee 
arrangement--a practice that would be prohibited in Federal contracts. 
Although such an arrangement is not clearly prohibited in conjunction 
with interagency agreements, we are nonetheless concerned that it may 
act as a disincentive to use sound management practices and thus drive 
up costs.
      In the event GSA received any fee above 6 percent, it 
would be receiving a fee in excess of the statutory ceiling for a 
Federal cost-type construction or architect-engineering contract. While 
not prohibited per se in interagency agreements, a fee of such 
magnitude would appear to be excessive.
    In addition, we found that the two agencies had not determined 
whether, or under what terms, PTO might subsequently turn back unneeded 
space to GSA. As the primary lease holder for the Federal Government, 
GSA has traditionally had a generous policy of accepting unneeded space 
from its agency customers. Hence, PTO's right to turn back unneeded 
office space is a critical element in PTO's facilities management 
strategy. Given the possibility that systems reengineering could 
eventually reduce PTO's space requirements, PTO wants to have the 
future option of relinquishing unneeded space to GSA. However, GSA's 
policy of accepting such office space is potentially strained by the 
sheer magnitude of this lease development, the expiration of the 
Federal Property Management Regulations, and evolving GSA policies 
regarding the acceptance of relinquished leased property.
    Lastly, we were concerned that GSA's continuing role as 
construction manager had not been defined. This was important since (1) 
the Public Buildings Act specifies that only GSA may construct or 
manage the construction of buildings designated for Federal Government 
use, and (2) GSA is the Federal Government expert in construction and 
construction management. We felt that GSA should have a continuing role 
in the completion of the new PTO project.
    The Department of Commerce needed to improve its real estate 
management oversight of the PTO project. In our March report, we also 
emphasized that the Department needed to improve its real estate 
management oversight of the PTO consolidation project. We noted that 
the Department's real estate staff had not adequately monitored the 
progress of the PTO lease development project, one of the largest 
Federal construction or lease projects in the Washington metropolitan 
area. As a result, the real estate staff did not foresee PTO's late 
start and slow progress in its union discussions.
Our Recommendations
    In our March 1998 report and in subsequent discussions with senior 
PTO and Commerce managers, we made specific recommendations aimed at 
improving the PTO space consolidation project. Specifically, we 
recommended that:
      PTO and the Department continue with the lease 
development project.
      PTO finalize its space requirements to include--
hopefully--an agreement with its employee unions, giving added 
consideration to the potential systems reengineering savings in its 
space model, and completing its Program of Requirements.
      PTO conclude a memorandum of understanding with GSA 
detailing the rights and responsibilities of each agency and defining 
GSA's fee arrangement. Further, the GSA fee should not be based on a 
percentage of costs expended, an arrangement that could act as a 
disincentive for sound management practices.
      The Department's real estate management staff should take 
a greater role in planning and oversight of the consolidation project.
The Response to our Review and What's Happened Since
    PTO, the Department, and GSA all responded to our report and agreed 
to most of our recommendations. Not surprisingly, they agreed that the 
project should proceed. There were, however, some areas of strong 
disagreement. For instance, PTO did not agree that a contractual 
ceiling for the build-out was necessary to reduce the risk of cost 
growth. PTO suggested that the annual budget process would ensure that 
government resources were not wasted.
    However, PTO did take various steps to address specific concerns. 
For example, as a result of our review, PTO accelerated its space 
planning efforts and issued draft space planning documents.\6\ Based 
upon our analysis of these draft plans, we were able to determine that 
PTO had justified its need for 1,989, 116 occupiable square feet for 
its consolidated facility. In addition, these draft plans--if 
necessary--can be quickly finalized for use as the Program of 
Requirements to guide the consolidation project buildout.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ PTO prepared its draft Space Allocation Plan on October 1, 
1997, and released it in response to our draft report dated December 
23, 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    It is our understanding that PTO's space planning has not been 
completed because the bureau has not reached an agreement with all of 
its employee unions over space-related working conditions. PTO 
management has informed us that if they have not executed such 
agreements with the employee unions by the time the lease is awarded, 
they plan to proceed with the draft space plans and incorporate them as 
the final Program of Requirements. Clearly, this is not ideal and 
increases the risk of schedule delays and the possibility of higher 
costs. For example, a lengthy delay may cause one or more of the 
offerors to drop out of the competition due to a loss in financing or 
other development plans for their sites.
    In to our review, PTO stated that it had accounted for the space 
savings associated with the ``universal grid concept''\7\ and some 
portions of reengineering, such as the elimination of paper search 
files for patent examination. Further, PTO argues that the most 
important reengineering initiative, electronic patent filing, will not 
be available until 5 years after occupancy of the new facility. PTO has 
stated that the ability to relinquish unneeded space back to GSA 
reduces the risk that PTO may lease too much space, if reengineering 
does, in fact, reduce the bureau's space requirements. We continue to 
believe that PTO can eventually reap additional space savings through 
the reengineering of its patent and trademark processes. PTO managers 
should continue to pursue such initiatives and actively work to 
implement them as soon as possible.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \7\ The universal grid concept is a space planning and functional 
work plan that allocates the same size offices to all employees. In 
this case, PTO anticipates allocating 120-square-foot offices to 
virtually all PTO employees, including most managers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    PTO and GSA have executed a memorandum of understanding, as we 
recommended. On September 4, 1998, PTO and GSA concluded a memorandum 
of understanding that reportedly addresses our concerns regarding GSA's 
fees, PTO's right to turn back unneeded space, and GSA's role as the 
construction manager. Although we have not yet had an opportunity to 
examine the fee structure in detail, the define the rights and 
responsibilities of each agency.
    It should be noted that there has also been some progress in 
mitigating PTO's build-out risk. Our concern that PTO did not have a 
firm ceiling on its $29 million build-out has been addressed by the 
Congress, PTO, and GSA. With legislation pending in both the Senate and 
the House, there seems to be growing Congressional support for a 
ceiling on PTO's build-out. Pending legislation would place a $29 
million ceiling on PTO's ``above standard'' build-out costs. In 
addition, PTO and GSA have agreed to manage the build-out effort to a 
$29 million ceiling. As an added safeguard, we would like to see a $29 
million build-out ceiling also expressed in the contract award itself.
    In response to our recommendation that the Department provide 
oversight, assistance, and guidance to the PTO space project, the 
Department has clearly established and is maintaining a higher level of 
involvement in the project. The Department has, for example, assigned 
both real property and procurement personnel to coordinate ongoing 
planning activities and assist in the source selection process. 
Moreover, the Department has contracted with procurement and commercial 
real estate consultants and other experts to examine other aspects of 
the PTO project.
    In closing, we believe that PTO needs to continue to move forward 
with its competitive space consolidation project. We believe greater 
risk lies in delaying the project. PTO has made progress in its 
discussions with its unions, and we encourage them to press on. We 
believe that it is in the interest of the Department and the inventing 
public to proceed with this lease development while at the same time 
paying close attention to containing costs as the project continues.
    This concludes my statement, Mr. Chairman. I would be pleased to 
answer any questions you or the other Members of the Committee may 
have.
                               __________
      Statement of Samuel R. Collins, CPA, Deva & Associates, P.C.
    Mr. Chairman, I am Samuel R. Collins, an Engagement Partner with 
the certified public accounting firm of Deva & Associates, P.C. I am 
pleased to testify today before the Subcommittee on the activities of 
my firm relating to the space consolidation effort of the U.S. Patent 
and Trademark Office (PTO). Under contract with the PTO, Deva & 
Associates, P.C. published the report entitled ``U.S. Patent and 
Trademark Office Business Case Analysis of Space and Facilities 
Management.'' Before I discuss the activities of Deva & Associates, 
P.C. in support of the PTO space consolidation effort, I want to 
provide you with a short background on my experiences and capabilities 
and those of my firm. [Under ordinary circumstances, such background 
information would not be necessary. However, the National Taxpayer 
Union (NTU), in their letter of August 14, 1998, to the PTO questioned 
the quality of work performed by myself and my firm and our commitment 
to deliver within schedule and within budget.]
    I am a Certified Public Accountant with over 25 years of public 
accounting experience, 13 of which were with a Big Five accounting 
firm. I have provided accounting, auditing, and consulting services to 
Federal and local government agencies, to real estate developers and 
property managers, to the banking industry, and to major public 
companies including Fortune 500 companies. My real estate, banking, 
finance, and construction experience led to my selection as project 
leader for the PTO task on space consolidation.
    Deva & Associates, P.C., certified public accountants and 
management consultants, offer a wide variety of audit and financial 
management services including cost accounting, cost analysis, cost-
benefit analysis, and renovation, relocation and construction cost 
analysis. Arun K. Deva, CPA, the President and founder of the firm (and 
former partner of a Big Five firm where he spent 15 years), and most 
key personnel, have Big Five or other large firm/organization 
backgrounds with significant and relevant experience in serving large 
and complex clients. In addition to the PTO, other Federal clients 
include the Departments of Housing and Urban Development, Treasury, and 
Labor, the Office of Thrift Supervision, U.S. Trade Development Agency, 
Small Business Administration, Government Printing Office, and the US 
Postal Service. The key personnel from Deva & Associates, P.C. have 
also provided services to such large corporations as Sears, Roebuck and 
Company, United Parcel Service, Coca-Cola USA, GEICO Companies, Litton 
Industries, and First Virginia Bank. For Federal procurement purposes, 
Deva & Associates, P.C., is characterized as a ``small and 
disadvantaged business'' under section 8(a) of the Small Business Act 
(15 USC 637(a)). Deva & Associates, P.C., is listed as a qualified 
vendor on the GSA Federal Supply Schedules for Audit Services, 
Financial Management Services and Due Diligence Services for Federal 
asset or loan sales.
    The PTO sought an independent validation of its projected costs if 
it remained in its current, unconsolidated facility under existing 
terms and conditions, versus projected costs if it secured a 
consolidated site. Deva & Associates, P.C., was contracted on September 
12, 1997, by the PTO to undertake a business cost analysis of space and 
facilities management. The resultant report was to be forwarded by the 
PTO to the Secretary of Commerce as part of the 1999 budget review and 
justification process. Specifically, the PTO directed Deva to undertake 
(1) a cost-benefit analysis comparing current space costs with the 
costs of PTO's consolidation scenario; (2) an analysis of the cost-
effectiveness of the physical consolidation; and, (3) recommendations 
on potential cost savings from changes in existing space management 
practices and from changes in PTO plans for moving to a new facility or 
for preparing the new facility for occupancy. PTO subsequently amended 
the task order to add new deadlines for new requirements and new 
deliverables with, final amendments requiring Deva to prepare agreed-
upon-procedures report in accordance with standards established by the 
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. This latter 
amendment responded to a legislative directive to the Secretary of 
Commerce by the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, 
Justice, State, and the Judiciary, and related Agencies. The total cost 
of the contract increased from an initial estimate of $235,800 to 
$327,800.
    The business case analysis had two objectives: (1) to present a 
cost analysis comparing the current unconsolidated scenario and 
attendant operating costs with equivalent costs under the consolidated 
scenario; and (2) to analyze the cost effectiveness of the consolidated 
scenario, when all attendant costs of consolidation (e.g., physical 
move costs, charges for Above Federal Property Management Regulations 
(FPMR) standard,' construction, replacement of data network, furniture 
purchases, etc.) were taken into account. The analysis would cover all 
costs that could be incurred over the 20-year lease period. In 
projecting costs for this business case analysis, PTO adhered to 
several governances, i.e.

      reliance upon documented evidence;
      conservative projections when documented evidence did not 
extend through fiscal year 2021;
      comparison of ``apples to apples'' as much as possible; 
and
      application of cost escalators to account for inflation, 
and discounting, in order to assess the costs of alternatives in 
``today's dollars.''

    The overall approach and methodology of the business case analysis 
was developed by the Government Space Acquisition Team, which was 
comprised of representatives from the Department of Commerce, the PTO, 
and the General Services Administration. Deva & Associates, P.C., 
performed agreed-upon-procedures to evaluate the team's approach and 
methodology, and to provide support services, which included collection 
of data and compilation of the final analysis and report.
    The business case analysis concluded that, over the 20 year term of 
the lease (i.e., fiscal years 2002-2021) the PTO would incur 
$1,031,124,196 in costs for the unconsolidated scenario versus 
$958,728,918 for the consolidated scenario. The PTO would incur $72.4 
million less in costs if it proceeded with and completed the 
solicitation to secure a new consolidated facility among its three 
existing bidders at sites in Crystal City, Eisenhower Valley, and 
Carlyle as opposed to remaining in its current unconsolidated site, 
under current terms and conditions.
    Before releasing the final version of the business case analysis, 
the report was thoroughly reviewed and `'scrubbed', by the PTO, the 
Department of Commerce, and the Office of Management and Budget. In 
addition, the Secretary of Commerce procured the services of Jefferson 
Solutions, a consulting firm, and BTG, an engineering firm, to perform 
a final review and approval of the report. The report was formally 
released on May 22, 1998.
    We at Deva are very pleased with the final report on the business 
case analysis. It was especially reassuring to learn that the report, 
when submitted to Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on 
Commerce, Justice, State, and the Judiciary, elicited the following 
response (June 26, 1998, S. 2260, FY1999 Commerce, Justice, State 
Appropriations Bill, Senate Committee report):
    The Committee has reviewed the reports submitted by the Secretary, 
and does not object to the Secretary's direction that the competitive 
procurement process should continue. The Committee has also reviewed 
the business case analysis, which compares the total costs to be 
incurred by the PTO over the 20-year lease should the PTO stay in its 
current location versus a consolidated site in Virginia per the 
solicitation. While the Committee was impressed with the scope and 
thoroughness of this analysis, the Committee wants assurances that 
build-out and moving costs will be controlled. ,
    Before concluding, however, I want to briefly rebut recent sound-
bytes in the media on a very narrow portion of the business case 
analysis. I am referring, of course, to the ``shower curtain flap.'' In 
tab 24 of the business case analysis, the PTO calculated furniture 
costs for the consolidated facility. One entry, for the locker rooms of 
the proposed fitness center, includes six ``shower curtains,'' at a 
cost of $250.00 each. The descriptor, unfortunately, was misleading. 
This is not your average chenille shower curtain that one can purchase 
at your local discount or department store. It is the worst-case 
scenario for the cost of heavy duty, gym quality shower curtain, 
including equipment and installation on tile. But such an analogy does 
make for juicy, but inaccurate, news accounts.
    There are other entries in the furniture estimate section that have 
been taken out of context, including cribs for a child care center, 
beds for a sick bay in a health center and the child care center, coat 
racks which are really entire cloak rooms, and trash baskets which seem 
to be stated at high cost but are really modular components that would 
be incorporated into the furniture system. As such, the costs are 
within industry standards. But let's keep these costs in perspective. 
They are estimates for a business case analysis. The business case 
analysis itself is a weighty and comprehensive analysis containing 85 
pages of narrative, 231 pages of schedules and calculations, and more 
than 21,000 separate entries. Within the furniture estimate tab, there 
are 4,664 individual entries totaling $59.8 million in furniture costs. 
For those items attracting media attention, there are just 144 entries 
totaling nearly $760,000 or 1.27 percent of the total furniture 
estimate. While I do not want to dismiss estimates of $760,000 as being 
inconsequential, I do find it vexing that $760,000, or even more 
outrageous, that six shower curtains at a total cost of $1,500, raises 
more eyebrows than the conclusions of an exhaustive study that predicts 
a $72 million savings for a consolidated site. Any reduction in the 
estimated furniture costs would only increase the estimated savings.
    Mr. Chairman, this concludes my statement. I will be happy to 
answer any questions.
                               __________
      Statement of Allan V. Burman, President, Jefferson Solutions
    Mr. Chairman, and members of the Subcommittee: I appreciate the 
opportunity to review with you this afternoon the principal findings 
and recommendations from Jefferson Solutions' May 1998 Patent and 
Trademark Office Report prepared for the Secretary of Commerce.
    I am the President of Jefferson Solutions (Solutions), a Limited 
Liability Company that provides management consulting and training 
services to the Federal Government. I am a former Administrator for 
Federal Procurement Policy. I served in that position in an acting 
capacity under President Reagan, was subsequently confirmed by the 
Senate under President Bush and was held on in that post under 
President Clinton. Solutions provides support to a number of Federal 
agencies on a variety of matters relating to acquisition and change 
management.
    On March 15, 1998, the U.S. Department of Commerce contracted with 
the Solutions' team through the competitive Quick Reaction Task Order 
process to provide an independent, multi-disciplinary review and 
evaluation of the Patent and Trademark Office's seven-year 
consolidation and space acquisition process. For this review, Solutions 
teamed with BTG, Inc. and Economic Research Associates to offer the 
acquisition, real estate valuation, engineering, architectural and cost 
estimating skills necessary to this important task. The Secretary asked 
the Solutions team to validate the process in four major areas:
      The need for new space
      The type and amount of space
      PTO's management of the process
    PTO's response to the Inspector General's concerns regarding space 
planning, build-out risk, and the GSA agreement.
    As a result of our effort, Solutions concluded in a May 1998 report 
to the Secretary that PTO had appropriately determined its need for 
space, that their Solicitation for Offers (SFO) for the consolidated 
space to meet this need was well formulated, and that a consolidated 
location could produce a better more functional space than the current 
location at a lower cost. Therefore, we recommended that the PTO, 
working with the Department of Commerce, settle on requirements for the 
project, clarify the SFO as needed, and proceed expeditiously with the 
procurement.
    Our recommendation to proceed was based in large part on the well 
established principle that competition produces the best value for the 
government, and in part on the need to act quickly to ensure that 
competition be maintained.
    The final decision regarding PTO's facilities options should be 
based on a careful evaluation of the responses to the SFO. In our view, 
this competition among alternatives will produce the best value for the 
government, whether a move is required to produce that value or not.
    The following sections provide greater detail on the team's 
findings, conclusions, concerns and recommendations.
Findings and Conclusions
      The Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) should continue 
with the consolidation effort.
      PTO currently leases space in 16 buildings under 31 
leases, with a blended average annual rental rate of $27.89 per 
occupiable square foot.
    Under current conditions, this rental rate is well above the market 
price for space that can be defined as depreciated (nearing 
obsolescence), Class B space.
    With the SFO requirements for new/improved space at a starting 
rental rate of $25.41 per square foot (1998 escalated dollars), 
including an $88 million (approximately $40.00 per square foot) tenant 
improvement package and substantial amenities, the proposed project 
produces an economic benefit to PTO in excess of current market 
conditions.
    These figures were derived in the analysis prepared by Deva and 
Associates; the assumptions and methodologies used in this analysis 
were reasonable and well formulated.
    A sound process was used in determining PTO's long-term need for 
space in the consolidation of its offices.
    The implementation of technology in support of reengineering 
efforts is constrained by statutory requirements and existing building 
limitations. Some dual system requirements (paper and electronic) may 
delay space/staff reduction achievement goals.
    The projected 1.989 million square feet of occupiable space appears 
to be the appropriate amount needed by PTO for current and future 
needs.
    The proposed PTO amenity package is not ``gold plated'' and is 
consistent with other recent Federal and private sector office 
projects.
    Amenities included are child care facilities, fitness rooms, and a 
cafeteria.
    The management process being employed for site selection is 
appropriate for the magnitude of the project.
    The SFO process appears sound and structured for a fair assessment 
of the submitted offers.
    PTO agreed with most elements of the Inspector General (IG) report 
dated March 1998 and is in the process of addressing those issues.
    During the review and evaluation process, the Jefferson Solutions 
team identified a number of issues and concerns that the team felt 
warranted additional care and attention on the part of PTO, either at 
the time of the report's submission or during future acquisition steps. 
These issues and concerns are addressed in the following section. 
Subsequent to our submitting our report, the Memorandum of 
Understanding with GSA was completed.
Issues and Concerns
    The introduction of new design requirements into the ongoing 
procurement process must be done as soon as possible, so as not to 
trigger change orders.
    The General Services Administration (GSA) and the PTO had not yet 
as of the time of the report's submission finalized a Memorandum of 
Understanding (MOU). The MOU is required to:

    1. Define standard and above-standard build-out cost allocations
    2. Define the timing and quantity of returned space
    3. Specify caps on construction costs.

    Lack of clarity in fit out creates uncertainty between funding 
sources.
    The $29 million build-out allowance poses a risk for cost overruns.
    Costly lease extensions may be needed if the procurement is 
delayed.
    Technology, telecommunications, and security system design issues 
require resolution.
    Parking may be inadequate for the number of employees programmed to 
occupy the building(s).
    The Patent Officials Professional Association (POPA) and PTO have 
not yet resolved their dispute on office size.
    The Program of Requirements (POR) remains incomplete.
    Recommendations
    As a result of the independent validation process under this task 
order, the team compiled a list of recommendations for the Department 
of Commerce and its Patent and Trademark Office to consider, as part of 
the final stages of
    the Solicitation for Offers approach. The Department has taken 
steps to follow through on a number of them. The list is as follows:
    Proceed with the current SFO on its current schedule without delays 
that could impact the schedule and costs.
    Complete one additional amendment prior to Best and Final Offers 
(BAFO) to reduce risk issues.
    Meet with the offerors prior to the BAFO phase and engage them in 
direct discussion regarding specific deficiencies in their submissions.
    Ensure that the needs for the project are accurately and 
effectively conveyed to all stakeholders.
    Continue to aggressively pursue resolution with the Patent Office 
Professional Association (POPA) and develop a contingency plan to avoid 
delay of award.
    Develop a plan for accurately budgeting and monitoring the 
apportionment of the build-out allowances during the design development 
phases of each 250,000-square-foot phase of the tenant build-out.
    Create a formal mechanism for ensuring design coordination among 
the architectural, interior design and construction members of the 
development team.
    Utilize independent cost validation services to ensure full value 
for the expenditures made, the identification and allocation of costs 
between PTO and GSA, and the apportionment of the allowance(s) 
throughout the course of construction.
    Check the draft and final POR documents to validate that the 
classification of spaces is consistent and that spaces are not 
duplicated.
    Provide a copy of the tenant build-out POR to the shell building 
architects at the time of lease award to enable them to understand the 
impacts of design on their work.
Conclusions
    In summary, in our May report, the Solutions team concluded that 
the Patent and Trademark Office had used a sound methodology and valid 
reasoning in defining its need for new space, in researching its 
current and future functional needs, and in managing its consolidation 
and space acquisition process. Based on the strong leadership of the 
project team, the process was working successfully.
    However, the report identified issues that still needed to be 
resolved to avoid severely impacting or delaying the project. Many of 
these, although not all, were within the control of the project team. 
They included the negotiation and execution of a well-defined 
Memorandum of Understanding, which has since been completed, the 
finalization of the Program of Requirements, the
    resolution of the POPA dispute, and the incorporation of the 
technology, telecommunications, and security system design and 
installation into the build-out contract.
    Our report's major conclusion, however, was that it would be in the 
Department's and the government's best interests to proceed with the 
competition and carefully evaluate all offers. The Department could, 
then, at that time, make a fully informed decision on how best to 
proceed. That remains our conclusion today.
    Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for offering me the opportunity 
to report to the Subcommittee on the Solutions' study of this important 
project. I will be glad to answer any questions you might have.
                               __________
  Statement of David E. Williams, Research Director, Citizens Against 
                            Government Waste
    Good morning, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for the opportunity to 
testify today before the Subcommittee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure. My name is David Williams and I represent the 600.000 
members of Citizens Against Government Waste CAGW).
    CAGW was created 14 years ago after the late Peter Grace presented 
to President Ronald Reagan the 2,478 findings and recommendations of 
the Grace Commission (formally known as the President's Private Sector 
Survey on Cost Control). These recommendations provided a blueprint for 
a more efficient. effective, less wasteful, and smaller government.
    Since 1984, the implementation of Grace Commission and CAGW 
recommendations have helped save taxpayers more than $596 billion. With 
a national debt of $5.5 trillion, our work is far from done.
    CAGW is very pleased that this hearing is being held. Now more than 
ever. taxpayers are demanding accountability from their government. Too 
often in the past. multi-billion dollar construction projects have been 
undertaken without sufficient oversight and scrutiny, leading to the 
waste of tens of billions of dollars.
    Any time the Federal Government undertakes a major construction or 
renovation projects CAGW immediately becomes concerned because past 
projects show a pattern of excess. These include:
    1. The Boston Courthouse--This $218 million monstrosity is the 
quintessential symbol of excess. When complete. this courthouse will 
contain a six-story atrium. 63 private bathrooms. 37 libraries and 33 
private kitchens. In addition. the courthouse will contain more than 
$750.000 worth of art work. as well as a $1.5 million dock. Who asked 
for all these amenities? The judges. Of course. they weren't the ones 
who had to pay for it. The Federal Government spent $13 million for the 
services of world-renowned architect I.M. Pei to create this monument 
to government waste. Believe it or not. Pei commissioned an $80,000 
model of the courthouse made Out of imported African wood.
    2. The Foley Square Courthouse in New York cost taxpayers $300 
million. or more than $400 per square foot. The General Service 
Administration's (GSA) Inspector General testified that Foley Square 
incurred more than $ 120 million in change orders, including adding 
carpeting valued at $114 per square yard (GSA schedule carpeting is $20 
per square yard); doors and hardware which were originally estimated at 
$1.300 per set but increased to $9.000 per door set because special 
woods and hardware were used. and a $5.500 bronze fire hose cabinet.
    3. The Ronald Reagan International Trade Center. This $800 million 
``tribute'' to Ronald Reagan is a classic example of largess and 
overruns. hardly the appropriate legacy for the former President. This 
3-million square foot behemoth contains 42,000 slabs of limestone and 
enough concrete for a two-lane, 106-mile highway. The building was 
supposed to be completed by the end of 1993 but only officially opened 
in July 1998. Some of the extra costs incurred because of the delay 
included:
      $8.000.000 for limestone fabrication
      $5.000 000 for excavation
      $4,000,000 for a retaining wall
      $51,000 for storing the Straus Fountain
    The latest example of excess, the proposed relocation of the PTO 
complex, has become a pitched battle on and off Capitol Hill. A report 
by Deva and Associates and Jefferson Solutions estimated that 
relocation would actually save money. A follow-up report by the 
accounting firm of Arthur Andersen shows just the opposite.
    Deva and Associates' comparison between an unconsolidated scenario 
and a consolidated one shows a cost savings of $72 million. CAGW doubts 
the accuracy of this figure because a number of items slated for the 
new location such as pantries and a child care facility. are assumed to 
be added to the current space. if they don t move. These little extras 
add up to $ 17 million. Another reason to question Deva and Associates 
is because of their gross underestimation of moving costs ($5 million), 
even though Congress passed a cap of $135 million in such costs.
    Deva and Associates estimates total furniture costs of $65 million, 
including:
      300 waste receptacles priced at $100 each
      20 waste receptacles with trays priced at $870 each
      71 ash urns priced at $309 each
      18 shower curtains priced at $250 each.
    Shower curtains this expensive are not very easy to find. ABC News 
had to go to New York and find one imported from Germany at this price.
    A September 1998 Arthur Andersen report rebuts a Jefferson 
Solutions report on per square foot costs. In particular, the Arthur 
Andersen audit states, ``There is an error in the Jefferson Solutions 
report. The report compares its estimate of the current blended lease 
rate of $27.89 per occupiable square foot to the proposed lease rate of 
$25.41 per square foot...Our analysis reveals that the $25.41 figure it 
(sic.) is on a rentable square foot basis... ' Rentable square footage 
is always greater space than occupiable. thus bringing down the per 
square footage cost. According to Arthur Andersen. Thus Jefferson 
Solutions conclusion that the proposed relocation would result in lower 
direct lease costs to PTO is incorrect. Based on the data presented in 
the report. a PTO relocation from its existing space to a consolidated 
facility would. in fact. result in higher direct lease costs.'' This is 
a classic apples and oranges comparison game.
    In addition, the Department of Commerce's Inspector General is 
concerned about the construction because of inadequate space planning 
and the risk of an expensive build-out.
    An analysis of the costs associated with construction of the new 
PTO office space reveals that total construction and mortgage costs for 
the 20-vear lease are estimated at $1.6 billion--twice the cost of the 
Ronald Reagan building. After 20 years, the Federal Government won't 
even own the building. What will taxpayers have to show for a $1.6 
billion building? Absolutely nothing.
    The new PTO complex will occupy 2.4 million square feet. In 
comparison, the Empire State Building occupies 2.1 million square feet 
and the Chicago Sears Tower occupies 3.1 million square feet.
    PTO construction plans call for extras such as: lighting, cooling, 
telecommunications, and elevator facilities far above industry 
standards; lavish granite, hardwood, and marble surfacing materials: 
plazas, sculptures, and decorative fountains; walking and jogging 
trails; and an open air amphitheater.
    The most popular counter argument advanced by proponents of PTO 
relocation is that no tax dollars will be used for this construction. 
Instead of requiring the American taxpayer to shell out the money, 
large and small inventors will be made to pay more in fees to construct 
the new complex. Not all inventors are rich and once a patent is 
approved, inventors can and do pass along the extra costs to the 
consumer by charging more for their products--a hidden tax. The Omnibus 
Reconciliation Act of 1990 called for all excess patent fees to go 
toward deficit reduction. This scenario to build a Taj Mahal for the 
PTO is typical of the irresistible impulse in Washington to spend 
rather than save any fiscal surplus.
    This construction will also cause a domino effect where other 
agencies will request new buildings that are above the standard GSA per 
square-foot allowance.
    CAGW recommends that this subcommittee take a step back and 
completely reevaluate the PTO construction on two fronts:
    1. Legislation to privatize PTO has passed the House and awaits 
action by the Senate. This could change the whole landscape of the 
agency. Agreeing to the construction of a new expensive building before 
deciding the future of the PTO puts the cart before the horse.
    2. The Arthur Andersen report calls into question the entire basis 
and rationale for moving to a new location and deserves greater 
scrutiny.
    CAGW recommends that the subcommittee halt plans for construction 
until the full committee and its House counterpart can thoroughly 
evaluate the Andersen report. In addition, plans for relocation should 
be delayed until the subcommittee and full committee determine whether 
the PTO will be privatized. Since GSA has executed lease agreements 
that would extend the current lease until 2014. there is sufficient 
time to make a reasoned decision. which could save taxpayers a great 
deal of money.
    This concludes my testimony. I'll be glad to answer any questions 
you may have.
                               __________
                                       Office of the Mayor,
                                Alexandria, VA, September 22, 1998.

    The Honorable John Warner,
    U.S. Senate,
    Senate Office Building,
    Washington, DC 20510

    Dear Senator Warner: I am submitting my written comments regarding 
the September 23, 1998 Environment and Public Works Committee hearing 
on the proposed consolidation and relocation of the U.S. Patent and 
Trademark Office (PTO).
    Once again, I commend you on your successful efforts in stopping 
the attempts to derail the PTO process. Although the attempts to delay 
the process have been ongoing and unsuccessful, critics of the PTO 
consolidation and relocation continue emphasizing several issues. These 
issues inaccurately portray a burden to taxpayers through excessive 
project spending, and transportation challenges any jurisdiction must 
address with such a large planned project.
    As you are aware, the PTO is not funded by taxpayer dollars. The 
work the PTO performs is dictated by the U.S. Constitution, the laws 
and the treaties of the United States. The amount of work is determined 
by the number of applications for patents and trademarks filed 
worldwide. Taxpayers dollars are not in question because the PTO is 
supported entirely by fees paid by its customers, hence, it is self-
sufficient. Additionally, the PTO will be facing lease payments at any 
location, and the final analysis should focus on which site can improve 
their operational efficiency and serve the employees of PTO. The rules 
and regulations the PTO is required to adhere to, along with its 
inability to react to an enormous increase in its workload, has caused 
the PTO to petition Congress to become a Federal corporation. The bill 
permitting this change of status is still pending and moving closer to 
enactment.
    Access to the Alexandria sites provide the best scenario for the 
PTO and for overall traffic mitigation. Both Alexandria sites offer 
immediate access to the interstate highway system. The PTO employees 
and visitors can access either site directly from the Beltway and will 
have little use of local streets. Additionally, there is evidence to 
support that a large number of the PTO employees and visitors will 
travel to the PTO Campus via Virginia Railway Express (VRE) or Metro 
Rail--both of which are immediately accessible. Access to the 
Alexandria sites is exceptional given the immediate proximity to I-95/
I-495, the regional road network, and public transit options such as 
VRE, Metro Rail and DASH service. We are confident that an Alexandria 
location can encourage more transit usage by PTO employees, above their 
already high levels.
    The two Alexandria sites offer the best opportunity for the 
consolidation and relocation of the PTO and improve their overall 
efficiency as an organization. Alexandria's sites offer the opportunity 
to build a modern and high visibility PTO campus with state-of-the-art 
buildings and easy access for employees and customers. The Carlyle and 
Hoffman sites will be built to the standards of the PTO, whether it is 
their parking specifications or the design of the buildings, to 
accommodate today's high technology infrastructure. Alexandria offers 
the best alternative for the PTO and meets the objectives of the PTO 
relocation. It is the City's hope that the PTO will become Alexandria's 
newest and premier employer.
    Again, thank you for your efforts to keep the PTO process moving.
            Sincerely,
                                    Kerry J. Donley, Mayor.
                                 ______
                                 
                                    Eisenhower Partnership,
                                 Alexandria, VA, September 22, 1998

    The Honorable John Warner,
    U.S. Senate,
    Washington, DC 20510.

    Re: Hearing on the Proposed Consolidation and Relocation of the US 
Patent and Trademark Office (PTO)

    Dear Senator Warner: The Eisenhower Avenue Public Private 
Partnership enthusiastically supports the relocation of the PTO to the 
Eisenhower Avenue corridor in Alexandria. Our members studied the 
Hoffman and Carlyle sites and concluded that both can provide the PTO 
with a superior location for its offices at a cost-effective price.
    Eisenhower Avenue has 4.5 miles of Beltway frontage and superior 
access both by mass transit and by private automobile. We have three 
interchanges to the Capital Beltway, including Telegraph Road adjacent 
to the two proposed sites and the Eisenhower Interchange, a little 
further but providing an uncongested and direct access to Eisenhower 
Avenue, a four lane divided throughway. To accommodate the PTO, a 
portion of Eisenhower Avenue east of Telegraph Road would be widened to 
six lanes. The Eisenhower Avenue corridor also has three Metro 
stations, of which two are in close proximity to the two proposed 
sites. Alexandria's DASH bus provides shuttle service to Eisenhower 
Avenue for VRE commuters. DASH and the Fairfax Connector provide 
additional service between Eisenhower Avenue and Old Town or the west 
end. The City of Alexandria's transportation studies of the Eisenhower 
Avenue corridor demonstrate that the corridor has sufficient 
transportation capacity to accommodate the 20 million square feet of 
additional development for which the corridor is zoned.
    The Eisenhower Partnership works to facilitate development along 
Eisenhower Avenue. It is a membership organization with 73 members who 
are corporate tenants, small businesses, residents, landowners, and 
developers. We have been strong supporters of a PTO relocation along 
Eisenhower Avenue since the beginning of the procurement process. We 
are standing by to welcome the PTO and its employees and to assist with 
their relocation. Thank you for considering our comments, and for your 
efforts to keep the PTO procurement on track.
            Sincerely yours,
                                      Agnes Palmer Artemel,
                                                Executive Director.
                                 ______
                                 
                            Alexandria Chamber of Commerce,
                                 Alexandria, VA, September 23, 1998

    The Honorable John Warner,
    U.S. Senate,
    Washington, DC 20510.

    Dear Senator Warner: Please accept this letter as written testimony 
for the hearing before the Environment and Public Works Subcommittee 
regarding the consolidation and relocation of the Patent and Trademark 
Office. On behalf of the 1,100 members of the Chamber of Commerce and 
the Alexandria business community, I would like to express our strong 
interest in and commitment to bringing the U.S. Patent and Trade Office 
(PTO) to Alexandria, VA.
    Thank you for providing a forum where the Senate subcommittee can 
objectively examine the facts regarding the proposed relocation of the 
PTO. Although there have been efforts by several parties to stop the 
move of the PTO, we believe that once the subcommittee reviews the 
facts, the committee will strongly recommend that the project continue 
to move forward as scheduled.
    Opponents of the move have argued that it would be a huge burden on 
the taxpayer and worsen traffic through Alexandria and Arlington. I 
would like to address both of those false charges in my comments.
    First, the PTO is a self-sufficient entity and is not funded by 
taxpayer dollars, It is totally funded by user fees and/or funds 
collected by the issuance of patents and trademarks. In fact, the 
relocation to Alexandria would actually bring an estimated $6,2 million 
in new property tax revenue to the City if it relocates to either 
Alexandria site. In addition, the project would generate 4,200 new 
full-time equivalent construction jobs and increase indirect employment 
opportunities for area residents.
    Both sites in Alexandria are easily accessible by our interstate 
highway system and by Metro. Alexandria remains strategically located 
as the best site because of the Carlyle and Hoffman sites immediate 
proximity to I-95/495. Because of this direct highway link, there will 
be little use of local streets by PTO employees and visitors. There are 
also convenient metro and Virginia Rail Express (VRE) connections. Many 
employees and visitors will take advantage of the VRE, Metro and DASH 
bus service options.
    Bringing PTO to Alexandria has been among the top priorities of the 
Alexandria business community and city officials. We recognize the PTO 
as a high quality development project that would provide enormous 
benefits to the Alexandria community. Alexandria is a City that prides 
itself in mix-used development. Relocating the PTO to Alexandria would 
provide the City the opportunity to continue to expand its commercial 
tax base.
    Alexandria is truly the ideal location for the PTO. We look forward 
to continuing to be a part of the process. Thank you for your 
continuing interest and commitment to moving the process forward.
            Sincerely,
                                        Kathleen T. Snyder,
                                                 President and CEO.
                               __________
                            Eisenhower Civic Association,  
                          2121 Jamieson Avenue, Suite 1801,
                    Alexandria, Virginia 22314, September 22, 1998.


    Mr. William Hurd, Chairman,
    City of Alexandria Planning Commission
    301 King Street, Room 301
    Alexandria, VA 22314.


    Dear Mr. Chairman: The Eisenhower Civic Association (ECA) 
represents the citizens of Alexandria who live and operate businesses 
within the Eisenhower Corridor. We have joined with other civic 
associations of Alexandria to express collectively several very serious 
concerns which we share with respect to the community of Carlyle.
1. U. S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO)
    The 1992 Master Plan, which culminated in an agreement between our 
civic associations and the City of Alexandria, envisioned for Carlyle a 
tastefully mixed residential, cultural, and urban development in an 
environment consistent with that of Old Town. Prior to 1992, Norfolk 
Southern Railroad, owner of the 76.0-acre Carlyle property, prepared 
the 1990 Carr/Norfolk Southern Concept Development Plan. (CNS Plan). 
The Eisenhower Civic Association finds both plans to be wholly 
consistent. Both plans emphasized mixed use and integration of business 
with community life.
    Norfolk Southern has contracted with a second developer, LCOR, to 
build the PTO at Carlyle. LCOR's design contains features dramatically 
different from the original concept which we believe are to the 
detriment of Old Town and Alexandria's citizens. These variances 
include (1) building heights substantially exceeding those set forth in 
the 1992 Master Plan, including a 288 foot skyscraper and (2) drastic 
reduction in the proportion of residential space with a concomitant 
increase in office space, including two huge eight-story buildings with 
open air garages for 3,500 cars. In order to accommodate the PTO at 
Carlyle, a substantial amount of space originally reserved for 
residential use would be moved to less desirable areas of Carlyle or 
eliminated altogether. The PTO complex would erase major portions of 
several planned streets from Carlyle's map and literally destroy the 
previously planned aesthetic integration of business with community 
life.
    The Federal Courthouse was the first building to be constructed at 
Carlyle. Shortly thereafter came Carlyle Towers, a three-tower 
condominium complex. When sales of Carlyle Towers began, both the 1992 
Master Plan and CNS Plan provided for a vibrant mixed use community. 
This encompassed theaters, gardens, multiple residential developments, 
and a design concept with a quality of life enticing to potential 
buyers. Since then, the erosion of plans for retail, cultural, and 
recreational facilities, combined with the proposed substantial 
decrease in residential space and migration of that remaining to the 
margins of Carlyle, leaves in substantial question any semblance of 
cohesive plans for development in accordance with the original concept.
    The 1992 Master Plan brings to Carlyle the vitality of Old Town's 
tourism and night life, while preserving, for Carlyle, Old Town's 
history and culture. Rather than incorporate Carlyle within Old Town, 
LCOR proposes to incorporate Rosslyn and Crystal City within Old Town, 
together with its traffic jams, parking problems, and after-hours ghost 
town atmosphere.
2. 1992 Master Plan No Longer Valid
    Should the Planning Commission and City Council approve the pending 
Norfolk Southern/ LCOR Special Use Permit (SUP) application, the City 
of Alexandria will have broken the promises it made to its citizens 
when ordaining the 1992 Master Plan for Carlyle. The residents of the 
City of Alexandria must be able to rely upon accurate city plans to 
assist in planning their lives and personal futures. Carlyle residents 
relied upon the 1992 Master Plan when selecting Alexandria for their 
home. Many of Carlyle Towers' residents are senior citizens who chose 
to make the Carlyle community their retirement home because they 
believed that it would be a lovely mixed use development. What appears 
to be a drastic reversal of the initial mixed use concept for Carlyle 
should be redefined in terms of currently employed design guidelines. 
This must be done and additional public comment must be required, if 
the PTO Carlyle site is endorsed by City officials and selected by GSA, 
because the original guidelines clearly will no longer be valid due to 
innumerable piecemeal revisions.
3. Exclusion of Carlyle Citizens from the Development Process
    (a) We have learned that LCOR may submit changes to its PTO 
proposal (contained in the Norfolk Southern/LCOR SUP application) now 
on file at the Commission. To ensure that citizens residing within 
Carlyle and others interested throughout the city have an opportunity 
to review those changes as well as your staff analysis and report of 
the LCOR proposal, whether or not changed, we request that the 
Commission provide us with a copy of your analysis thereof 30 days 
prior to its formal consideration by the Planning Commission.
    (b) Section 1 of Ordinance No. 3974, approved January 24, 1998, 
amends Section 12-600 of the Zoning Code to provide that an applicant 
for an amendment to a CO planned residential/commercial development 
obtain the consent of the SUP permitted if such SUP permittee is in 
control of the development. In the case of Carlyle, the SUP permittee 
is the Carlyle Development Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of 
Norfolk Southern. The Carlyle Development Corporation shares such 
proposed amendments with Carlyle's commercial landowners but not with 
Carlyle's resident landowners. To ensure that the citizens of Carlyle 
are apprised of future developments, we request that the Eisenhower 
Civic Association be provided a copy of proposed amendments to the 
current Carlyle SUP or of any proposed new SUP affecting Carlyle, 
together with your staff analysts, at least 2 weeks before any hearing 
by the Commission.
    (c) The analysis supporting this Ordinance provides that the 
Planning Staff has clear authority to approve minor amendments. We are 
concerned that this precept is not specifically stated in the Ordinance 
and note that the term ``minor amendment'' has not been fully defined. 
Therefore, we request that the Eisenhower Civic Association be provided 
advance notification of all changes. We further request that such 
notification, together with supporting analyses, be furnished so as to 
be received at least 2 weeks prior to action.
    Please address any questions or written correspondence concerning 
our requests to Kirk Lippold, Chairperson of the Eisenhower Civic 
Association Executive Committee, or to Pat Rudd, his special assistant.
    On behalf of the following civic associations, we thank you for 
your kind consideration.
                                 Kirk Lippold, Chairperson,
                 Executive Committee, Eisenhower Civic Association.


                                    Poul Hertel, President,
                                       Northeast Civic Association.


                                     Judy McVay, President,
                                        Old Town Civic Association.


                                    Ron Ullrich, President,
                                      Inner City Civic Association.


                            Lillie Finklea, Vice President,
                             South West Quadrant Civic Association.


                               Maitland Bottoms, President,
                                      Taylor Run Civic Association.


                                    Judy Miller, President,
                                        Rosemont Civic Association.


                                 Ashley Spencer, President,
                        Upper King Street Neighborhood Association,


                                  McInnis Lyles, President,
                             South West Quadrant Civic Association.


                              Joseph V. Fischer, President,
                                  Seminary Hills Civic Association.


                                           Ellen Pickering,
                          Taylor Run Civic Association Association.
                                 ______
                                 
                                 Seminary Association, Inc.
                                Alexandria, VA, September 16, 1998.


    Mr. William B. Hurd,
    The Planning Commission,
    City Hall,
    Alexandria, VA 22313.


    Subject: The Seminary Hill Association's position on the Eisenhower 
Civic Association's Position Paper on the Patent & Trade Office In The 
Carlyle Community


    Dear Mr. Hurd: At our regular monthly meeting last week, September 
10, the Seminary Hill Association (SHA), Inc. listened to an excellent 
presentation made by the Eisenhower Civic Association (ECA) regarding 
their association's position to oppose the placement of the Patent & 
Trade Office (PTO) in the 76 acre Carlyle Community. The arguments they 
made were well constructed and had significant appeal to many of the 
members of our association. As you know, SHA has many members that have 
had a long history in assisting your Office and City Council in 
protecting the livability index of Alexandra that we cherish as our own 
community.
    In our discussion that evening, we heard from some of those that 
fought in 1992 against the development that was finally approved for 
the Eisenhower Valley. The question was succinctly put that the 
development that was finally approved that SHA was unsuccessful in 
defeating then was bad then and still is . But that war was lost and 
there was no sense now in fighting that battle again. We could 
understand some of the concerns that were expressed by the residences 
of the Carlyle Towers community and we empathized with their position 
that if they had known when they bought their homes what Hey know 
today, they would have possibly reconsidered selecting Carlyle as their 
home.
    We also recognize the importance that the City Council has placed 
in securing an agency of the PTO stature for Alexandria. We are 
sensible to how this will have a positive affect on He tax base and 
employment situation in Alexandria and at the same time recognize the 
concomitant possible traffic issues, etc. that may come to the city.
    After further discussion and comments, and since we could not agree 
on everything expressed in the ECA position paper, the Board requested 
that I write to you and adnse that we had the unanimously agreed on the 
following:
    1. SHA requests that the City considers the Hoffman property as the 
primary ``home'' for the PTO. We believe the access to the Metro and 
existing and proposed development at the Hoffman site will better serve 
the development of the PTO and appears to be more buildable wig minimal 
impact on existing residences and services.
    2. SHA is opposed to any structure exceeding those set forth in the 
1992 Master Plan.
    3. The SHA is opposed to vacation of Dulany Street and Emerson 
Avenue in the Carlyle Community.
    Thank you for your consideration of this reader.
            Respectfully submitted,
                              Joseph V. Fischer, President.
                               __________
          Statement of the International Trademark Association
    Chairman Warner, Ranking Member Baucus, and Members of the 
Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure: The International 
Trademark Association (INTA) is pleased to submit a statement in 
connection with this Subcommittee's investigation of the development of 
a campus for the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). 
Since we are an organization devoted to the protection of trademarks, 
we have chosen to focus our comments on the space facilities and 
maintenance of the Trademark Office, the office within the USPTO 
charged with the processing and examination of trademark applications 
and maintenance of the trademark register.
    In our opinion, the time has come for the Trademark Office to 
receive additional, modern quarters in Northern Virginia which meet its 
own business needs, as well as those of its customers--the trademark 
owners. As we will explain in more detail later, business at the 
Trademark Office is growing at an incredible rate. Additional personnel 
are expected to come on board in the near future and need adequate 
space in which to work. There are plans for new electronic systems that 
will help increase the efficiency of examining the increased number of 
trademark applications. These innovative systems will require modern 
wiring which current space does not afford. In short, the Trademark 
Office must be prepared to enter the 21st Century.
About INTA
    INTA is a 121-year-old not-for-profit membership organization. 
Since its founding in 1878, membership has grown from 12 New York-based 
manufacturers to more than 3,600 members that are drawn from across the 
United States and from 119 additional countries. Membership in INTA is 
open to trademark owners and those who serve trademark owners. Its 
members are corporations, advertising agencies, professional and trade 
associations, and law firms practicing trademark law. All of INTA's 
members, regardless of their size or location, share an interest in 
trademarks and a recognition of the importance of trademarks to their 
owners, to the general public, and to the economy of the United States 
and the global marketplace.
The Trademark Office Today
    The Trademark Office, just like the patent side of the USPTO, is 
totally user-fee funded. Contrary to recent media reports, not one 
penny of taxpayer money is used to operate or manage the agency. When 
an applicant pays $245 per class filing fee for each trademark 
application, for example, it is that money and only that money which is 
used to process and then examine the application. There are no funds 
taken from the public coffers. The funds needed to maintain the 
physical aspects of the Trademark Office are also taken from these and 
other user-fees. Everything from a new light bulb to new computers is 
paid for by trademark owners.
    It is also significant to note that trademark owners, over a 
significant period of time, have turned increasingly to the Trademark 
Office to register their trademarks so that they can receive the 
maximum degree of protection permitted by law. For example, between FY 
1975 and FY 1995, the number of trademark applications filed per year 
rose from 34,900 to 175,307. In FY 1997, the number of applications 
filed was 224,355.
The Future and the Need for Additional Personnel
    The increase in trademark applications is a trend that shows no 
evidence of slowing in the future. The Administration estimates that 
there will be 250,000 trademark applications filed during FY 1998, and 
an increase to 275,000 in FY 1999. As a result of these anticipated 
filings, the Trademark Office is expected to have 375 examining 
attorneys in place by January,1999, an increase of 75 from today. In 
recent months, in anticipation of these new hires, the Trademark Office 
has been forced to scour existing space in Crystal City, often 
disrupting operations in the process. It should also be noted that 
there is a lack of space to train the new examiners. The Office must 
now rent hotel conference rooms in order to conduct training classes.
    Trademark Office officials report that they have actually been 
granted the authority to hire an additional 25 examining attorneys 
above the 375 number we quoted just a moment ago. However, because 
there is no longer any space in Crystal City for these attorneys, the 
Office has been forced to put an ``artificial'' hiring freeze in place.
The Need for Additional and Modern Space
    How can the Trademark Office limit disruption, while at the same 
time ensure customer satisfaction? The answer, in our opinion, is 
modern facilities. INTA believes that the proposed USPTO campus will 
provide these benefits. The campus will contain up-to-date technology, 
will be contiguous (as opposed to the 17 non-contiguous buildings which 
the Agency now occupies), and contain sufficient room for personnel.
    However, as it is our user-fees, and not taxpayer dollars as some 
have charged, which would go towards the leasing of this space, we 
strongly urge Congress to conduct effective oversight of the project. 
We are clearly concerned about cost, eliminating any excess or 
inappropriate expenses, and accurate estimates concerning the 
relationship between the number of applications and the rate of new 
personnel. The USPTO must exercise fiscal responsibility and 
incorporate sound business practices. We also request that Congress 
help to ensure that the Trademark Office is given its fair share of the 
facilities and that it is not preempted by the needs of the patent 
operations, as has so often been the case in the past.
Conclusion
    INTA hopes that this statement will help to persuade the 
Subcommittee, and for that matter the Congress, that there is a need to 
secure additional, modern space for the Trademark Office. The USPTO, 
more specifically the Trademark Office, is just like a private sector 
business. It is funded by its customers. Its needs are driven by its 
customers. Simple business practice dictates that when volume is high, 
as it is at the Trademark Office today, you must expand and modernize 
to meet customer needs.
    We urge the Congress to look carefully at the needs of the 
Trademark Office and its customers when making a decision regarding the 
USPTO campus.

                                   - 
