    [Senate Hearing 105-355]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

                                                            S. Hrg. 105-355

               OZONE AND PARTICULATE MATTER RESEARCH ACT OF 1997

    =======================================================================

                                    HEARING

                                   BEFORE THE

                                SUBCOMMITTEE ON
            CLEAN AIR, WETLANDS, PRIVATE PROPERTY AND NUCLEAR SAFETY

                                     OF THE

                                  COMMITTEE ON
                          ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS
                              UNITED STATES SENATE

                           ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS

                                 FIRST SESSION

                                       ON

                                    S. 1084

    A BILL TO ESTABLISH A RESEARCH AND MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE NATIONAL
     AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR OZONE AND PARTICULATE MATTER AND TO
    REINSTATE THE ORIGINAL STANDARDS UNDER THE CLEAN AIR ACT, AND FOR OTHER
                                    PURPOSES

                                   __________

                                OCTOBER 22, 1997

                                   __________

      Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Public Works

                       U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
     46-427cc                 WASHINGTON : 1998
    _______________________________________________________________________
                For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office
    Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington DC 20402

                   COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS

                           ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS

                     JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island, Chairman
    JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia             MAX BAUCUS, Montana
    ROBERT SMITH, New Hampshire          DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New York
    DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Idaho               FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey
    JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma            HARRY REID, Nevada
    CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming                BOB GRAHAM, Florida
    CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri        JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut
    TIM HUTCHINSON, Arkansas             BARBARA BOXER, California
    WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado               RON WYDEN, Oregon
    JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama
                         Jimmie Powell, Staff Director
                   J. Thomas Sliter, Minority Staff Director

                                  ----------

      Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear
                                     Safety

                   JAMES M. INHOFE, North Carolina, Chairman

    TIM HUTCHINSON, Arkansas             BOB GRAHAM, Florida
    WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado               JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut
    JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama               BARBARA BOXER, California

                                      (ii)

                                C O N T E N T S

                                  ----------
                                                                       Page

                                OCTOBER 22, 1997

                               OPENING STATEMENTS

    Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senator from the State of Montana.........     6
        Letter, Position on S. 1084, EPA Administrator Browner.......    29
    Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S Senator from the State of California....     3
    Inhofe, Hon. James M., U.S. Senator from the State of Oklahoma...     1
        Article, Smog Map Technology Is Launched.....................    34
        List, supporters of S. 1084..................................    50
        Prepared statement...........................................    49
    Sessions, Hon. Jeff, U.S. Senator from the State of Alabama......     5
    Thomas, Hon. Craig, U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming.......    13

                                   WITNESSES

    Abbott, Ande, assistant to the international president,
      International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders,
      Blacksmiths, Forgers, & Helpers, Fairfax, VA...................    12
        Prepared statement...........................................   127
    Grumet, Jason, executive director, Northeast States for
      Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM), Boston, MA...........    14
        Prepared statement...........................................   130
    Martin, James A., vice president, Martin's Famous Pastry Shoppe,
      Inc., on behalf of the American Bakers Association,
      Chambersburg, PA...............................................     8
        Letter, supplementing testimony..............................   122
        Prepared statement...........................................   121
    Sharp, Adam, assistant director of governmental relations,
      American Farm Bureau Federation................................    10
        Prepared statement...........................................   124
    Smith, Thomas, president, National Coalition of Petroleum
      Retailers, Griffin, GA.........................................    19
        Prepared statement...........................................   146
    Thurston, George D., associate professor, Department of
      Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine,
      New York, NY...................................................    17
        Prepared statement...........................................   138

                              ADDITIONAL MATERIAL

    S. 1084, Ozone and Particulate Matter Research Act of 1997.......    40
    Articles:
        Air Pollution's Impact on the Weather........................   123
        Smog Map Technology Is Launched..............................    34
    Letter, Position on S. 1084, EPA Administrator Browner...........    29
    List, supporters of S. 1084......................................    50
    Statement, Associated Builders and Contractors...................   148

               OZONE AND PARTICULATE MATTER RESEARCH ACT OF 1997

                                  ----------

                          WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1997

                                         U.S. Senate,
                   Committee on Environment and Public Works,
    Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and
                                                Nuclear Safety,
                                                        Washington, DC.
        The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:38 a.m. in
    room 406, Senate Dirksen Building, Hon. James M. Inhofe
    (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.
        Present: Senators Inhofe, Sessions, Thomas, and Boxer.
        Also present: Senator Baucus.

     OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES M. INHOFE, U.S. SENATOR FROM
                         THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA

        Senator Inhofe. The hearing will now come to order.
        Today's hearing will examine the Breaux-Inhofe bill, S.
    1084, which we call the Ozone and Particulate Matter Research
    Act of 1997. The legislation was introduced as a result of the
    new clean air standards for ozone and particulate matter
    promulgated by the EPA on July 17. And in the House we have a
    companion bill. It is H.R. 1984. This bill is worded
    essentially the same, with some modest changes in the $25
    million that would be set aside for ozone research.
        Senator Breaux and I thought it was necessary to introduce
    this legislation because the EPA ignored the tremendous
    opposition to these new standards. Those who oppose the
    standards include everyone from the Governors, the U.S.
    Conference of Mayors--and I used to be on the board of the U.S.
    Conference of Mayors, and it's one certainly that cannot be
    accused of being a Republican organization--National League of
    Cities, National Association of County Officials, National
    Conference of State Legislators, and local government
    officials.
        The Farm Bureau, Farmers Union, Cattleman's Association,
    American Corn Growers, fertilizer and other groups, small
    business community, including NFIB, U.S. Chamber of Commerce,
    Black Chamber of Commerce, Small Business Survival Committee,
    and a number of State environmental directors too long to
    articulate here.
        In total, there have been over 3,200 letters, resolutions,
    and comments expressing concern with these standards. While I
    don't want to take time to read the names of all the
    organizations who have sent these letters, I will distribute
    copies of an index. This is the index of these letters, Senator
    Sessions. And we're talking about thousands and thousands. Of
    course, we have many of them up here on the table. In addition,
    a number of organizations have written in support of this
    legislation being considered today.
        I would also like to introduce these letters into the
    record, showing more than 30 organizations supporting it. These
    are the letters that we have up here on the table.
        [The index of letters is printed at the end of the hearing
    record:]
        The House version currently has 191 co-sponsors, and the
    Senate bill has a bipartisan list of nine co-sponsors. I'm
    pleased to say that as of yesterday we added an additional 12
    Senators, which means we now have 21 co-sponsors for the Senate
    bill.
        Before we get to the testimony today, I'd just like to
    briefly outline what the bill does. The bill establishes an
    independent panel to be convened by the National Academy of
    Sciences to prioritize the research needs on the health effects
    of particulate matter. This step would help bring consensus to
    any new standards proposed by the EPA in the future. So we're
    dealing not just with what has happened to us since the past--
    in the last 11 months, but also what could happen in the
    future. So it would make the process a little bit more
    professional and predictable.
        With the recent standards, the EPA relied on
    epidemiological studies and research performed by former EPA
    employees. The National Academy of Sciences would help restore
    credibility to this process.
        Next, in order to ensure that the Federal dollars are spent
    on the research priorities of the independent panel, the
    legislation establishes a Particulate Matter Interagency
    Committee to coordinate the activities of Federal agencies
    engaged in particulate matter research. This committee will be
    composed of eight different a agencies and departments. This is
    not a new committee, as such, but a coordination of those
    efforts that are going on currently.
        The EPA will use this research, in addition to private
    research, to review the air quality criteria through the Clean
    Air Science Advisory Committee--CASAC--set up statutorily. This
    review must be completed no earlier than 4 years after the
    enactment of this Act.
        In addition to this science research, the EPA is authorized
    to require State implementation plans in order to establish a
    particulate matter monitoring program. During this research,
    the monitoring period, the original standards for ozone and
    particulate matter will be reinstated and shall not be revised
    until scientific review is completed. The legislation also
    directs the National Institutes of Health to begin a research
    program to study the health effects of allergens in asthmatics,
    particularly in regard to urban inner cities. One of the
    biggest holes in the EPA's proposal was identifying the true
    causes of respiratory problems in inner-city children.
        Finally, the legislation authorizes $100 million to carry
    out the provisions, with 25 million of that set aside for ozone
    research. This plan follows the advice of three of the four
    past CASAC chairs who testified before this committee. It
    concentrates on understanding the science.
        For the farmers, the small businessman, the unions, the
    mayors, and the Governors, it provides continuity. Today they
    are concerned at the EPA's implementation schedule. They
    realize it can be challenged and thrown out by the courts, and
    they need stability while they try to implement the 1990
    standards. They say these will not be implemented until 6 or 9
    years, in accordance with what came from the EPA, but the EPA
    knows well and everyone here knows well that there are lawsuits
    that could come forward and challenge the fact we have double
    standards.
        I would like to remind everyone what Mary Nichols, the
    former EPA Assistant Administrator for Air, said in our last
    hearing. This is a quote. ``Under the President's
    implementation schedule, the new standards will not save any
    lives over the next 5 years.'' Therefore, the Breaux-Inhofe
    bill will provide the necessary research, monitoring, and
    stability for the American people without endangering any
    lives.
        Senator Baucus, do you have an opening statement.
        Senator Baucus. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
        Actually, I'll defer to my colleague from California,
    Senator Boxer.

    OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BARBARA BOXER, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE
                          STATE OF CALIFORNIA

        Senator Boxer. Thank you so much.
        Mr. Chairman, I wanted to thank Senator Baucus for his
    understanding. I have to be introducing a nominee over at the
    Judiciary Committee at 10:00 am.
        Mr. Chairman, with all due respect to you and Senator
    Breaux, I'm dismayed to see that the Subcommittee on Clean Air
    would give serious consideration to a bill that, in my opinion,
    will jeopardize clean air and the public health.
        S. 1084, the Ozone and Particulate Matter Research Act,
    would block the EPA from protecting the public health by
    blocking the new ozone and particulate clean air standards
    which have been in effect since September of 1997. This bill
    turns the clock back and reinstates the old, less-protective
    standards. S. 1084 would deny the American public the health
    protections they deserve, violating the most fundamental
    requirement of the Clean Air Act.
        The EPA estimates that this bill will result in at least
    60,000 premature deaths--this bill that we're considering--
    300,000 additional cases of chronic bronchitis, 1.5 million
    asthma attacks, and 12.5 million work days lost.
        It seems to me for the Committee on the Environment and
    Public Works to be considering such a bill is a cruel irony.
        EPA has a statutory mandate to protect the public health
    with an adequate margin of safety. Those are the words in the
    law.
        Mr. Chairman, the very same arguments that we've heard
    today against new clean air standards we heard before the Clean
    Air Act was approved in 1970, an Act that was signed into law
    by then President Richard Nixon. And I have some of those
    quotes. I will not go into them today, but you couldn't tell
    the difference.
        When EPA announced the new ozone and particulate matter
    clean air standards in July of this year, it did so after an
    exhaustive scientific review, which indicated that current
    standards do not adequately protect public health.
        Under S. 1084, the EPA could not revise the ozone and
    particulate matter standards for at least 4 years, until
    further research and review by a new National Academy of
    Sciences panel and a new Inter-Agency Committee on Particulate
    Matter, a virtual duplication of the EPA effort, which resulted
    in the new standard.
        Are we going to keep redoing studies that we've already
    done until we find an answer every single person likes? I
    certainly hope not. We need to deal with reality , Mr.
    Chairman.
        When the EPA issued the new ozone and particulate matter
    standards earlier this year, it did so after an exhaustive
    scientific and public review process. The EPA analyzed
    thousands of peer-reviewed studies and presented its
    recommendations to an independent scientific advisory body, the
    Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee.
        This committee concluded that EPA's standards for ozone and
    particulate matter needed to be strengthened, and I think it is
    important to note that the committee came out with a range--a
    range that it recommended--and the EPA took the middle of the
    road on this. And the panel included scientists from General
    Motors. They all agreed something had to be done, and they came
    out with a range, and the EPA hit that right down the middle.
        Mr. Chairman, I believe that, as Senators, we have no
    greater duty and responsibility than to protect the health and
    safety of the American people, and I look at that as an
    economic issue. I reject the argument that there's a conflict
    between clean air and the economy. I believe, if you look
    around the world, what you'll see in countries where the air is
    filthy dirty and they don't have any protective laws, economic
    growth grinds to a halt. It's very simple: if you can't
    breathe, you can't work.
        So we need to move forward, it seems to me, with these
    standards, and I think blocking them will have significant
    adverse impacts on the health of Americans, especially our
    children and the elderly. And we all know that when a society
    is judged, it's judged the way it treats the most vulnerable
    among us.
        The current annual average concentration of fine
    particulate matter in southeast Los Angeles County may be
    responsible for up to 3,000 deaths annually and more than
    52,000 incidents of respiratory symptoms, including 1,000
    hospital admissions. Young children constitute the largest
    group at high risk from exposure to air pollutants. They
    breathe 50 percent more air by body weight than the average
    adult. In California, alone, there are over six million
    children under the age of 14, and approximately 90 percent of
    them live in areas that fail to meed State and Federal
    standards.
        How are our children being affected? Studies show health
    effects ranging from 20 to 60 percent loss of lung capacity. It
    isn't fair, Mr. Chairman, that a baby born in a certain part of
    the county has less lung capacity than another. Despite this,
    representatives of industry claim that a 30 percent loss of
    lung capacity is not really a health effect because it's only a
    temporary, reversible loss in lung function. Tell that to a
    mother whose asthmatic child has to stay home or visit the
    emergency room a regular basis. Tell that to a mother whose
    teenage son suffers from continuous coughing, throat
    irritations, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
        And what about the potential of causing permanent damage?
    We have studies of lab animals which indicate long-term
    exposure to ozone causes permanent damage to lungs.
        In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, thank you for this opportunity
    to have the floor to cast my strong disagreement with this
    bill. You've been very generous in giving me this time. I think
    we must work together to ensure that we don't turn back the
    clock on the progress we've already made, and I think we should
    move forward with the EPA's recommendation.
        Thank you very much.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Senator Boxer. Senator Sessions.

    OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JEFF SESSIONS, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE
                            STATE OF ALABAMA

        Senator Sessions. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I really want to
    express my appreciation to you for your intensive interest in
    this important issue, and for coming forward with a positive
    solution to a situation I've become very troubled with. For the
    past 9 months, as a new member of this Senate and a new member
    of this committee, I have looked anxiously and waited anxiously
    to find a kind of scientific basis for the kind of significant
    regulations that we are--that EPA proposes to impose on
    America. I have not found those.
        Like you, I hear from the people in my State, from the
    business community, from the mayors in the State, from the
    county commissioners in the State, and from our Department of
    Environmental Management in our State. They have serious
    reservations and really objections to the proposals as they
    are.
        Your idea of giving more intensive scientific study is the
    right approach. There was not a witness that said we had the
    kind of complete data that they would like to have to make
    these important decisions.
        On February 5, for example, the Subcommittee on Clean Air
    held a hearing, and I questioned Dr. Schwartz, a member of the
    EPA's own Scientific Advisory Committee, the CASAC committee,
    about the Birmingham study--Birmingham, Alabama. Dr. Schwartz
    had conducted that, showing increased mortality on high
    particulate matter days.
        A subsequent peer-reviewed study using the exact same data
    as Dr. Schwartz' study showed that when humidity was a factor
    in the model, no statistically significant effect could be
    observed.
        I don't know the right scientific answer, but EPA admits
    relying on Dr. Schwartz' study as a basis for their new
    standards.
        It was previously mentioned how many lives would be lost. I
    have been very concerned, troubled, and really offended that
    use of numbers in what I would consider a promotional tactic
    that would create fear in America.
        EPA announced these standards in late 1996. They stated
    40,000 lives could be saved by implementation of the
    particulate matter standards, 40,000. On February 12, the EPA
    Administrator appeared before the committee and testified that
    20,000 deaths, \1/2\ of them, could be prevented by
    implementation of these standards. In April of this year, after
    an outside analyst discovered an error in the estimates, the
    agency again lowered its numbers to 15,000 premature deaths.
    Many of these are very elderly and in severe health conditions.
    In May the same analyst who first discovered the error in EPA's
    estimates found additional errors, which brought the estimates
    of premature deaths to under 1,000.
        These are not good numbers that we're dealing with. This is
    what you are looking forward to to answer, and I think we need
    to do that.
        The CASAC votes were split. If you add up the numbers--as I
    recall their votes, those numbers really totaled in opposition
    to the standards adopted by EPA if you added them up. Every
    vote was--virtually every vote was severely split.
        The cost of these standards will be extremely high. Our air
    is getting better. Why asthma attacks are going up we don't
    know, but ozone is going down. At a time when ozone is going
    down, asthma attacks are going up. You are very wise, I think,
    to do some research into why that health condition is
    occurring.
        I support this approach. I think it is a reasoned, modest,
    and moderate alternative to a proposal of the Environmental
    Protection Agency that I think is not justified, and I support
    you and appreciate the leadership of you and Senator Breaux and
    others who put this package together.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Senator Sessions. I appreciate
    your attendance, too. This is the sixth hearing that we've had
    on this particular subject, and you've been here for all six. I
    appreciate that very much.
        Senator Baucus.

      OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. MAX BAUCUS, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE
                            STATE OF MONTANA

        Senator Baucus. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
        I'd like to point out, first, it has been almost one year
    since the EPA released its proposal to strengthen the national
    ambient air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter,
    and since that time we've heard from just about everyone
    interested in this issue.
        You mentioned, Mr. Chairman, this subcommittee has had six
    hearings. I might say that both the House and the Senate
    together have held 24 hearings to examine the science, the
    economics, the health aspects of the new standards, and we
    listened to scientists, industry folks, farmers, ranchers,
    environmentalists, health professionals, State and local
    governments. And I might add, too, that in the end the EPA also
    listened, because the final standards that went into effect on
    September 18 were changed. They were changed from what EPA
    initially proposed.
        But, more importantly, EPA acknowledged the potential
    difficulties in implementing the new standards.
        As a result of our hearings and other comments, it is clear
    that the Agency is working hard to fashion a sensible approach
    to implementation. I don't think anyone can dispute that.
        Today we will hear about recently published research that
    supports EPA's decision to set new standards. We will learn
    about new technologies that will lower the cost of improving
    air quality. That's a familiar pattern.
        Air quality standards have always been met with claims of
    economic demise. But then technology catches up, innovative
    programs are implemented, further research bolsters the initial
    decision--and I might add, in our economy, the drive to improve
    the bottom line always results in ways to reduce costs. And in
    the end, costs are a fraction of the initial claims and
    everyone breathes cleaner air.
        That is exactly the case with the emissions trading system
    set up in the 1990 Clean Air Act. Compliance costs are now one-
    tenth initial estimates. That is not to say we should be making
    decisions without sufficient information. We need to continue
    the high-caliber research that has been a tradition of the
    United States.
        In fact, EPA's funding bill for fiscal year 1998 contains
    almost $50 million for particulate matter research, to the
    credit of Senators Bond and Mikulski, but I do not think we
    need this bill to authorize more research. Existing Clean Air
    Act already provides EPA with the authority it needs to conduct
    the necessary studies.
        What is much more troubling to me, though, is that S. 1084
    would revoke the ozone and particulate matter standards that
    just became effective. Furthermore, it prohibits EPA from
    revising the standards for at least 4 years, even if new
    research uncovers additional health problems resulting from
    ozone or particulate matter air pollution.
        With all due respect to you, Mr. Chairman, and the sponsors
    of the bill, I think that's the wrong approach. Instead, I
    believe that we must continue to protect public health.
    Implementing the current standards is a fair and cost-effective
    manner, and a fair and cost-effective manner is the best way to
    achieve the goal.
        I hope we can work together in a bipartisan fashion to
    ensure that it's done right. And I want to underline that I
    think that all of us here do want to improve our air quality
    standards. They are good in this country.
        Mr. Chairman, I don't see very many Americans heading for
    the door to go live in other countries because their costs are
    so high in this country to comply or because of all the
    problems in this country. It's just the opposite. We need to
    learn about pollution of other countries. It's because those
    countries have not undertaken the immense effort that is
    required to try to find air quality standards to assure that
    people in those countries breathe clean air. They just don't do
    it. They don't because they just don't make the extra effort.
        We, in our country, have made an extra effort, and I think
    it's incumbent upon us not to take the easy way--which is to
    criticize--but, rather the hard and right way--which is to work
    together to do this right. Thank you.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Senator Baucus.
        I now ask our witnesses to take their places at the table.
        And, while they're coming forward, as the Chair I'll give
    you an overview of how we'll proceed at this hearing.
        We do have a time constraint. We have to be out of the room
    at 11:30. It should not take the 2 hours.
        We have six witnesses who will be testifying today. I also
    mention that, while some of the members of the subcommittee are
    not here, they will be coming in and out and the staffs are
    here at this hearing, both majority and the monitory, who will
    be monitoring and reporting back to the members.
        The witnesses will be allocated 5 minutes to give an
    opening statement. There will be lights in front of you--red,
    yellow, green. I think we all know what that means. And we'd
    ask you to try to comply with those time limitations.
        Following the 5-minute comments by the witness, I will then
    ask any member of the subcommittee if they would like to ask
    questions. They will have a round of questions and answers.
        I think we're ready to begin. Let me just introduce all six
    in the order that they will be making presentations: Mr. James
    A. Martin is the vice president of Martin's Famous Pastry
    Shoppe, Inc., on behalf of the American Bakers Associate in
    Chambersburg, PA. In just a minute I will read a letter from
    Senator Santorum, who regretted he couldn't be here today.
        We'll have Mr. Adam Sharp, assistant director of
    governmental relations, regulatory affairs, American Farm
    Bureau Federation.
        Mr. Andy Abbott, assistant to the international president,
    the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship
    Builders, Blacksmiths, forgers, and Helpers, in Fairfax, VA.
        Mr. Jason Grumet, executive director, Northeast States for
    Coordinated Air Use Management in Boston, MA.
        Dr. George Thurston--I welcome Dr. Thurston back. He has
    been here with us before--associate professor, Department of
    Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine,
    New York.
        And Mr. Thomas Smith; president, National Coalition for
    Petroleum Retailers in Griffin, GA.
        We that, please allow me to call on Mr. James Martin to
    present his testimony. I will convey greetings from Senator
    Santorum. His letter states every nice thing that he could say
    about you, Mr. Martin, and he's very pleased that you are here
    today, and I'm sure he'll see you during your visit.
        Mr. Martin.

     STATEMENT OF JAMES A. MARTIN, VICE PRESIDENT, MARTIN'S FAMOUS
         PASTRY SHOPPE, INC., ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN BAKERS
                ASSOCIATION, CHAMBERSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA

        Mr. Martin. Good day, and thank you for the opportunity to
    be here. I am Jim Martin, an owner of Martin's Famous Pastry
    Shoppe, Inc. We have bakeries in Chambersburg and Shippensburg,
    Pennsylvania. Ours is a family business started in 1955 by my
    parents. Perhaps you've seen our Martin's famous potato rolls
    in our grocery store bread aisles.
        Today I'm speaking for myself and the members of the
    American Bakers Association. The American Bakers Association
    represents 80 percent of the wholesale baking business, which
    includes small businesses like ours and the companies with
    national brand names that you may know. Bakeries were captured
    by the Clean Air Act because the natural process of yeast
    fermentation used to make bread and rolls produces ethanol, an
    alcohol, which is considered volatile organic compound. Ethanol
    from bakeries is non-toxic, low reactive, probably eaten by the
    bacteria in the atmosphere.
        The American Bakers Association strongly supports Senate
    1084. This bill will ensure that sound science and good
    planning have the time to develop before costly and potentially
    inappropriate controls area required.
        The baking by has already spent $28 million to comply with
    existing requirements. We estimate that the banking industry
    will spend $236 million to implement the new standard. The
    equipment to control bread aroma from a bakery costs about
    $500,000 to install and costs between $35,000 a year and
    $100,000 a year to operate. That's about $12,000 per ton of VOC
    controlled, not the $1,400 per ton estimated by the USEPA.
        The American Bakers Association has worked with the bakers
    in each State and with the State officials to develop
    reasonable rules to bring States and industry into compliance.
    The States have worked hard to implement the Clean Air Act
    under demanding and often changing EPA policies. We offer our
    compliments to Pennsylvania and many of the other States where
    hard work has put the most cost-effective control requirements
    in place. However, State officials are struggling to further
    reduce emissions and are being forced to look at smaller and
    smaller sources--that is, small businesses.
        Bakers are a low-volume, low-profit-margin business. Let me
    give an example how a small baker might be affected by control
    requirements.
        Imagine Joe's Bakery in your State. Joe is operating a
    white bread bakery he inherited from his father. The bakery has
    been in business for 80 years, with a profit margin of 1.7
    percent. His bakery, like others, is labor intensive, providing
    jobs at relatively high pay rate and supporting many families
    in the neighborhood. No one is getting rich, but everyone is
    being paid and the local area has good, fresh-tasting bread.
        His potential of emissions trigger the control
    requirements. Joe goes to his bank and asks for a loan for the
    $500,000 to install controls and cut his profit margin by 24
    percent. The bank denies his request, which is good business
    practice for the bank. If he can find a buyer, he can sell his
    bakery, or Joe can close. Sadly, some bakeries have closed
    during the implementation of the current standard.
        Now, let me share with you the situation at our bakeries.
    We emit enough ethanol to trigger control requirements. Stack
    testing, permitting, engineering reports, communications, and
    costs associated with investigating new technology have
    exceeded $250,000 to date in our bakeries. Our engineers
    calculate that adding a control device will increase our
    production energy consumption by 50 percent per package of
    rolls. However, rather than purchase the control equipment, we
    have chosen to limit our production and the growth of our
    business. This means our ability to serve the region with a
    maximum variety of product or to respond quickly to changes in
    consumer taste and demand is limited. That's not my
    understanding of free enterprise, and I have wondered, ``Is
    less bread on the table a good trade for no measurable
    improvement in air quality?''
        I and the bakers I represent urge you to pass Senate 1084
    to make clear legal statements about the funding of the
    research and science and timing of the implementation of the
    air quality standard.
        Please help us do the right thing to protect the air and
    the earth.
        Thank you for this opportunity to speak, and I'll answer
    any questions.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Mr. Martin.
        Senator Inhofe. Mr. Sharp.

      STATEMENT OF ADAM SHARP, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENTAL
     RELATIONS, REGULATORY AFFAIRS, AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION

        Mr. Sharp. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for this opportunity to
    provide testimony for this important hearing on S. 1084.
        I'm Adam Sharp, assistant director of governmental
    relations for the American Farm Bureau Federation here in
    Washington, D.C. I'm also a partner in my family's farm in
    southeastern Ohio where, along with my three brothers, my
    father, and my grandfather, I operate a dairy farm and
    diversified crop farm. Today I am representing the American
    Farm Bureau Federation, the Nation's largest general farm
    organization, with more than 4.7 million member families.
        The Farm Bureau supports Senate bill 1084 for many reasons,
    but foremost because it will allow the necessary time for the
    agricultural community and EPA to gain a more accurate
    understanding of agricultural emissions, how much we emit, and
    to what extent the air quality standards will impact our
    industry.
        My comments focus primarily on PM2.5 standard.
    There has been and continues to be a tremendous amount of
    conservation activity by farmers and ranchers across this
    country. These activities reduce wind erosion of the soil,
    which in turn provides cleaner air. Farmers are cleaning the
    air and should get credit for those activities; however,
    agriculture is concerned because EPA lacks actual measurements
    of what agriculture emits in the form of fine particulate. One
    estimate is that 34.3 percent of the primary fine particulate
    matter can be attributed to agriculture and forestry, and
    others suggest as low as 5 percent.
        EPA is finally acknowledging what we have been telling it:
    that agriculture is not a major emitter of this pollutant.
    However, nothing has been done to date to correct faulty
    documentation that over-estimates agricultural sources or
    solidifies Administrator Browner's promises that agriculture
    will not be impacted. The Administrator's promises have done
    little for our concerns because States decide who will be
    regulated, not her.
        I quote The Honorable Larry Combest, chairman of the House
    Agriculture Subcommittee on Forestry, Natural resources, and
    conservation. He says--and we agree--that we don't have the
    research yet to know whether we can actually attain these
    standards, how much it will cost the agricultural industry and
    the consuming public, and how much agriculture activity
    actually contributes to air pollution problems.
        Let me focus on an actual situation farmers in California
    already face in regard to present PM10 serious
    nonattainment area for central and southern California.
    Agriculture in other areas of the country may face the same or
    similar situation when dealing with the new particulate matter
    PM2.5 standard.
        The emission inventory for agriculture used by EPA has
    proven to have many flaws for PM10. Inaccurate
    estimates of the number of times a farmer drives his tractor
    over a field is one major example--eight times for alfalfa, 13
    times for rice, twice for rangeland. But probably the most
    blatant example of an inaccurate inventory was the initial
    emission inventory for combustion engines used to drive
    irrigation pumps. The original inventory estimated nitrogen
    oxide or NOX emissions, a precursor of PM, at 600 tons per day
    for all the pumps in the San Joaquin Valley. This would have
    been the highest emission category for NOX emissions in the
    valley, exceeding all the cars and trucks, which together only
    made about 300 tons per day.
        Driven by agricultural inquiries, a new study based on
    interviews with farmers determined that the NOX emissions for
    these pumps was only 32 tons per day--600 down to 32.
        We have only begun to address agriculture's concerns with
    PM10 measurements, many of which are still
    unaddressed and uncorrected. Considering these discrepancies,
    it is unimaginable that we are now again faced with the same
    problems, only this time with a smaller particulate matter.
        In attempting to resolve some of these agriculture emission
    issues surrounding PM10 and PM2.5, it
    became necessary to conduct a multi-year, multi-faceted air
    quality study, which is now underway in California. However, it
    will not be completed for roughly 5 years. S. 1084 would give
    agriculture the needed time to attain this important
    agriculture PM2.5 emissions data.
        I want to emphasize that this study is the first
    comprehensive study that actually measures instead of
    estimating agriculture's PM2.5 emissions. In order
    to avoid the mistakes made with PM10, the new PM
    standard should be delayed until this study and others like it
    are completed and before costly implementation activities
    begin.
        We fear that, despite guarantees, that implementation of
    this new standard may come quicker than what has been spelled
    out.
        In conclusion, I want to emphasize that the present
    approach of placing a new PM standard before having good
    scientific data for fine particulate sources may lead to false
    agriculture emission estimates again. Agriculture will also see
    a tremendous amount of indirect impacts from the new standards.
    Targeted industries such as utilities, fuel, transportation,
    chemicals, equipment, and many more will pass their costs on to
    their users. One of those is agriculture.
        In a study by AUS consultants to be released soon, the net
    cash income for all farmers is projected to fall by 10 percent,
    or $5 billion annually over the first 6 years of implementation
    of these new standards. Those are simply indirect impacts.
    Those are not even direct.
        The agriculture community enjoys breathing clean air as
    much as anybody. This committee must continue to demand that
    the concerns of America's farmers and ranchers are addressed by
    the EPA in order to ensure a continued safe, abundant, healthy,
    and affordable food supply.
        Thank you.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Mr. Sharp.
        Senator Inhofe. Mr. Abbott.

       STATEMENT OF ANDE ABBOTT, ASSISTANT TO THE INTERNATIONAL
    PRESIDENT, THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS, IRON
       SHIP BUILDERS, BLACKSMITHS, FORGERS, & HELPERS, FAIRFAX,
                                VIRGINIA

        Mr. Abbott. Mr. Chairman, thank you very much. I have to
    apologize up front. I came down with a serious cold yesterday
    afternoon.
        With your permission, sir, I'd like to just enter my
    statement into the record and just make a very short verbal----
        Senator Inhofe. Yes. All your statement will be entered
    into the record in its entirety, and you can make any length of
    statement you'd like, Mr. Abbott.
        Mr. Abbott. Thank you very much, Senator.
        The International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, along with
    all the other building trades unions, as well as the Mine
    Workers Union and many of the other unions, had been very
    supportive of the Clean Air Act when it was up for
    consideration back years ago. We understood that there was
    going to be an initial cost, we understood that there were
    going to be industries that were going to be economically hurt,
    and we knew that there were going to be some jobs at stake.
    But, overall, providing clean air to the United States was very
    important to our agenda. We all felt that for our generation
    and all generations to come, that clean air was necessary.
        Mr. Chairman, we met with EPA earlier this year to discuss
    these new clean air standards, I guess I can tell you that the
    21 or 22 people that were involved from the labor unions were
    really quite stunned by what we discovered from EPA. Their
    inability to answer questions and how easily some of their
    assumptions were being successfully challenged--EPA initially
    used the 60,000 premature death figure, and I said, ``Wait a
    minute. If you're talking about asthma''--and, Mr. Chairman,
    I'm an asthmatic, myself-- ``I know that you could shut down
    every combustible, every manufactured source of pollution in
    the United States, and you would still have people with asthma
    and you would still have some people dying of asthma.'' Other
    people are even allergic to the sun, and I don't know what you
    can do about some of these.
        When you have a background from nature, I just don't know
    what EPA is going to do about controlling that. But when I
    asked EPA about, ``When you made these studies for the PM
    standard down to 2.5,'' I said, ``did you actually analyze the
    content of these materials?'' They said no, that they hadn't
    really analyzed them, they had no idea what it was. I said,
    ``Well, would it be safe to say that most of it was from
    nature?'' and they said yes.
        I become very concerned about that, especially when we
    start looking at some of the coastal states, as an example,
    California, the Gulf coast, Oregon, Washington, where you have
    salt that is just naturally in the air, and all of this starts
    getting counted against the PM standards, and all of that is
    going to be registering on monitors. I mean, 2.5 microns is
    very, very small, and I don't know of any pollen in nature that
    is smaller than that. Almost everything is larger.
        As a result of that, it has been projected that there will
    be over 800 additional counties that will be in noncompliance.
        So we asked the question, ``Well, what happens if you have
    an area that is continually not in compliance?'' EPA said,
    ``Well, we're going to shut down heavy construction projects,
    we're going to stop mowing the gas, we're going to end
    barbecues. We're going to keep people from burning stuff in
    their fireplaces.'' And then they volunteered, well, in some
    areas--you've got the airline industry in Los Angeles and San
    Francisco that's putting hundreds of millions of tons of
    pollution in the air every day on takeoff and landings of
    airplanes I said, ``Well, what are you going to do about
    that?'' They just shook their head. They've got no answer for
    it at all.
        Mr. Chairman, there were just so many things as we were
    going through this that they could not answer even a little bit
    of it, and I was, frankly, stunned. In dealing with EPA in the
    past, when we were dealing with the Clean Air Act and the
    amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1990, there was no
    hesitation. Things made sense. You would go through. There
    seemed to be substance to what they were saying, and when you
    began to challenge them with any amount of logic in the past
    they were able to answer it. With these standards, there is
    absolutely nothing that we found that we could support in these
    standards.
        We just feel that, with the effect that this is going to
    have on employment, and especially since they're talking about
    expanding NAFTA and everything else, that, among other things,
    this is just going to drive more businesses out of the United
    States.
        It's hard to estimate anything. I mean, you throw out the
    numbers of jobs lost. Some people have estimated it will be
    over 1.3 million jobs. Some have estimated higher. A few have
    estimated lower. But, in any case, I just don't think that we
    should be going forward with any standards unless they can meet
    somewhat of a logic test and meet somewhat of a scientific
    study, scientific scrutiny.
        In dealing with the EPA and the issues that they brought up
    and the answers that they gave, Senator, we were very, very
    disappointed.
        I thank you very much, sir.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Mr. Abbott.
        Senator Inhofe. We've been joined by Senator Thomas from
    Wyoming. Senator Thomas, we've heard from Mr. Martin, who has a
    small bakery and is in the bakery industry; and, of course, Mr.
    Sharp with the Farm Bureau you've met before; and Mr. Abbott
    with Boilermakers.
        Do you have an opening statement you'd like to offer.

     OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. CRAIG THOMAS, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE
                            STATE OF WYOMING

        Senator Thomas. I would like to submit it for the record,
    but please proceed with this hearing.
        Senator Inhofe. All right.
        [The prepared statement of Senator Thomas follows:]

    Prepared Statement of Hon. Craig Thomas, U.S. Senator from the State of
                                    Wyoming

        Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for holding this hearing today to
    discuss S. 1084, the ``Ozone and Particulate Matter Research
    Act of 1997.'' This is important legislation and I want to
    compliment you, and Senator Breaux, for the leadership you have
    taken in pursuing enactment of this initiative.
        As most are aware, great uncertainty surrounds the
    Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) rule to tighten
    National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate
    matter and ozone. Since the committee first held hearings on
    this issue, scientists--including those on the EPA's own Clean
    Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC)--have testified that
    the court-ordered deadline did not allow enough time for them
    to adequately examine the rule. We also heard testimony that
    more time was needed to conduct additional research.
        However, these efforts were thwarted when President Clinton
    endorsed the standards on July 18, 1997. This was in spite of
    the fact that more than 250 members of Congress, 27 Governors,
    labor groups, the agncultural community and the National
    Conference of Mayors expressed opposition to the new
    regulations. Even several of President Clinton's agencies have
    expressed serious doubt.
        According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, the
    EPA's regulation ``is certainly one of the most expensive
    regulations, if not the most expensive regulation faced by
    small businesses in 10 or more years.'' The Department of
    Agriculture stated that ``farm groups have expressed concern
    that the proposed standards may impose significant costs on
    farmers and agribusiness.'' The Department of Energy encouraged
    the EPA to ``retain the current primary ozone standard,'' and
    the Department of the Treasury believes ``that many areas
    cannot achieve the new fine particle standard.''
        It's clear, Mr. Chairman, that the scientific evidence for
    these new standards is not complete. Under your proposal, an
    independent panel would be organized by the National Academy of
    Sciences to prioritize research needs on the health effects of
    particulate matter. It's my understanding that the EPA would be
    required to establish PM monitoring programs through state
    grants, and a Particulate Matter Interagency Committee would be
    established to coordinate the activities of federal agencies
    involved in fine particle research. With regard to ozone, S.
    1084 takes the necessary steps to further research programs
    looking at the adverse health effects of ground-level smog--
    especially in urban areas. I'm also encouraged that the bill
    authorizes adequate funding levels to carry out these research
    needs for the next 5 fiscal years.
        This is good legislation; I am pleased to be a cosponsor,
    and willing to help Senator Inhofe and others pass S. 1084 this
    year. Let me say, however, that placing a 4-year moratorium on
    the EPA's regulations does not mean we are against a clean
    environment. We need to continue to look for ways to improve
    and protect public health, but this must be achieved in a
    balanced manner.
        Many uncertainties remain, including the fact that a large
    number of areas are having trouble meeting current Clean Air
    Act standards and may never reach attainment with the adoption
    of these new regulations. Furthermore, the costs will be
    extreme and we need to make sure this initiative will be worth
    the enormous price that businesses and individuals will have to
    bear. I do not believe we should be heading down a regulatory
    road before additional research is conducted so we truly know
    which pollutants are causing adverse health effects.
        We have a diverse panel before us today, Mr. Chairman, and
    I look forward to their testimony. Thanks again for your
    leadership and willingness to make the EPA come to the snubbing
    post and justify their actions.

        Senator Inhofe. All right. Mr. Grumet, you're recognized.

    STATEMENT OF JASON GRUMET, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, NORTHEAST STATES
        FOR COORDINATED AIR USE MANAGEMENT (NESCAUM) BOSTON, MA

        Mr. Grumet. Thank you very much.
        My name is Jason Grumet, and I'm the executive director of
    the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, or
    NESCAUM, which for the last 30 years has been representing the
    six New England States, New York, and New Jersey in their
    efforts to achieve air pollution standards.
        On behalf of my colleagues, who spend each and every day
    trying to implement the Federal air quality standards, I
    appreciate the opportunity to join you here today.
        I'm going to try to continue Mr. Abbott's thoughts about
    logic for a moment. We reach a different conclusion. The
    northeast States strongly support the new air quality standards
    because we believe they represent a more rational, logical, and
    accurate physical reality of the problems that we are trying to
    address. We think, moreover, these standards are long overdue,
    and therefore we are opposed to S. 1084 and any other effort,
    for that matter, which would shackle our programs to 20-year-
    old science.
        What I'd like to do to help you understand this is really
    touch on three issues: one, Government's responsibility to
    provide the public with accurate information; second, cost--
    something that we're all concerned about; and, third, equity,
    an issue of particular concern to the northeast.
        But, just to get started, I need to say a few things about
    the standards. The standards do many things. One of the most
    important things, from our point of view, that the standards do
    is they provide a blueprint, essentially a road map for how we
    can design our air quality programs.
        Anyone who has ever been on a country road on a dark night
    with a 20-year-old road map will have some sense of what we
    think these new standards do for us right now. They give us a
    general direction, but they don't get us from here to there in
    the quickest, most rational way possible, and I'd like to try
    to explain why.
        They're 20 years old. They're based on our scientific
    understanding of the ozone problem derived largely from the Los
    Angeles air basin in the 1970's. They tell us that air
    pollution is a local problem. Well, we now know it's a regional
    problem, stretching hundreds of miles across many States. They
    tell us that our concern should be for peak ozone levels and
    one-hour violations. We now know that air pollution is a multi-
    day problem, and the health effects are chronic over several
    hours at a time.
        The old standard also focuses towards VOC controls, the
    kind of controls that Mr. Martin was complaining about being
    very expensive.
        Well, we now know, since the National Academy study about 5
    years ago, that the real problem is NOX pollution, which,
    fortunately, is much more cost-effective to control.
        So we have a situation in which we are being given a road
    map which does not, in fact, diagnose the problem.
        In 1970, when these standards were adopted, they were
    fairly called a ``partial diagnosis.'' Carrying the medical
    analogy forward, since we think we do public health work, the
    1970 standards right now, frankly, represent air pollution
    malpractice, and the suggestion that we should go back to those
    standards deprives us of tools that will help us achieve air
    quality in a cost-effective manner.
        I'd like to now turn quickly to public information. And I'm
    going to ask if you have it to take a peak at attachment A
    which I included in my testimony.
        We believe government has a fundamental responsibility to
    provide people with accurate information, and one of the most
    important things the standards do is just that.
        The map that I included is a map that shows the highest
    daily ozone levels every single day for five summers--from 1991
    to 1995. It's a depiction of chronic exposure to ozone.
        Many critics of the standards have told us there's no
    threshold beneath which people are safe. Well, what this map
    shows you is that there are dramatic health effects in States
    right now which are deemed attainment. Massachusetts, where I'm
    proud to live, is deemed a serious ozone non-attainment area,
    yet the chronic ozone exposure in Massachusetts is far less
    than the ozone exposure in Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio,
    Illinois--States that are now told that they are in attainment.
        I suggest to you that this is misleading tens of millions
    of Americans into believing that they, in fact, are not facing
    any risks from air pollution. And to go back to that standard I
    think would be a grave mistake.
        I want to focus for a moment on cost, because this is
    something that we all spend a great deal of time thinking
    about.
        We have heard and Senator Baucus indicated that the worst
    case dire projections, the fears of economic ruin that have
    accompanied every air quality regulation to date have not been
    realized. We posit the same will happen here. Simply put, the
    new standards focus us on nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide
    emissions. These are emissions which come from two main
    sources--heavy-duty diesel vehicles and utilities. These are
    some of the most cost-effective control options available
    today. We can achieve the utility controls we want without
    adding more than 1 or 2 percent to the residential electric
    bill, and, since heavy-duty vehicles have yet to be regulated,
    we also believe there are very cost-effective measures there,
    as well.
        The reason that costs are continuously overstated is really
    three-fold: we have worst-case projections, understandably, by
    concerned industries; we have a failure to take account for
    competition; and a failure to account for innovation.
        If you look at attachment C, which I won't go into, you'll
    see that in each and every instance utilities--gasoline,
    automobiles--the costs are dramatically overstated. There's
    only one dynamic that will stop this innovation from bringing
    these costs down in the future, and that dynamic is uncertainty
    and delay, and it's our fear that that would be the result if
    S. 1084 became law.
        Let me just end by talking about equity for a moment.
    Unsurprisingly, the areas with the highest chronic exposure to
    ozone also have the highest utility NOX emissions.
        If you look at attachment B, you will note that all the
    States listed have more NOX emissions from their utilities than
    all eight northeast States combined. One of the reasons for
    this is that the old standards have mislead these communities,
    these political leaders, and these residents to believe that
    they don't have a problem. They have had no self-interested
    incentive to reduce their pollution. And we have found that
    altruism, alone, has not gotten the job done.
        We believe that the new standards will provide people with
    good, accurate information, and with that information the
    political leaders and the residents of the midwest and the
    southeast will take the same self-interested rational actions
    we have to cost-effectively reduce our emissions.
        So, in conclusion, we think the new standards provide
    better information. We think they will provide more cost-
    effective approaches and more-equitable approaches to air
    pollution problems, and for those reasons we support them.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Mr. Grumet.
        Dr. Thurston, welcome back.

         STATEMENT OF GEORGE D. THURSTON, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,
       DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
                 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK

        Mr. Thurston. Thank you. I am George Thurston, a tenured
    associate professor of environmental medicine at New York
    University School of Medicine. My scientific research involves
    investigations of the human health effects of air pollution.
        I'm also the director of the National Institute of
    Environmental Health Sciences' Community Outreach and Education
    program at NYU. A goal of this program is to provide an
    impartial scientific resource on environmental healthy issues
    to decision-makers, and that's my purpose in testifying to you
    here today.
        I must take issue with much of the intent of S. 1084 and
    with the findings upon which it is based.
        First, the new ozone standard will not disrupt or delay
    ozone reductions, as implied by finding four. Instead, it is S.
    1084 that would increase uncertainty in the marketplace and by
    regulators, thereby slowing air quality progress.
        Second, findings five and six fail to acknowledge that
    CASAC reached a consensus that a PM2.5 standard is
    needed and that the ozone standard should be changed to an
    eight-hour basis, both of which the EPA promulgated on July 18,
    1997.
        I really would like to take issue with Senator Sessions'
    statement that there were lots of differences of opinion on the
    committee, on all these issues, and that their CASAC vote was
    split.
        I can show you the quote from the closure letter saying
    that there was a consensus by CASAC on these two points--the
    need for the PM2.5 and the need for an eight-hour
    ozone standard, as the new standards reflect.
        The revocation of these new standards called for in bill S.
    1084 would be unwise and would be inconsistent with the intent
    of the Clean Air Act.
        Moreover, bill S. 1084 wrongly seeks to fundamentally
    rewrite the Clean Air Act by restructuring who decides whether
    new standards are needed. The existing Clean Air Act requires
    that EPA review the standards every 5 years and then leaves
    that standard-setting decision to the Administrator with advice
    from CASAC.
        Bill S. 1084, in contrast, seeks to shift that power to
    Congress by imposing a change back to the old ozone and PM
    standards. To my knowledge, this would be the first time that
    the Congress has intervened to interfere with air quality
    standards set by the EPA.
        The bill also says that the next science review of these
    standards may not occur any earlier than 4 years from now, but
    sets no requirement for the latest that these reviews may
    occur, which could possibly be interpreted as eliminating the
    Clean Air Act requirement for every-5-year reviews of these
    pollutants. These changes would represent a dramatic and
    unacceptable change in the Clean Air Act.
        The newly promulgated EPA air quality standards for ozone
    and particulate matter are based on sound science and need to
    be retained if the public's health is to be adequately
    protected. The adverse health consequences of breathing ozone
    or PM are serious and well-documented, even at levels below the
    US national ambient air quality standards that were in effect
    before July of 1997. This documentation includes impacts
    demonstrated by controlled chamber experiments and by
    observational epidemiology showing consistent associations
    between each of these pollutants and adverse impacts across a
    wide range of human health outcomes.
        These adverse impacts include: decreased lung function, a
    measure of our ability to breathe freely; more frequent
    respiratory symptoms; increased numbers of asthma attacks; more
    frequent emergency department visits; additional hospital
    admissions; and increased numbers of daily deaths.
        In previous Congressional hearings, much discussion has
    centered on New York City hospital admissions effects, but the
    adverse impacts on hospital admissions are only the tip of the
    iceberg of adverse effects associated with PM and ozone
    pollution.
        Indeed, in my testimony and in this table figure that's
    included in my testimony, I show that hospital admissions
    account for only approximately .01 percent of all ozone-induced
    adverse health impacts in New York City. Also, while there are
    about seven million persons in New York City, there are a total
    of some 122 million persons throughout the U.S. who now live in
    areas exceeding the ozone standard and will, therefore, also be
    benefitted by that new standard.
        Thus, the New York City hospital admissions effects are
    best viewed as an indicator of a much broader spectrum of
    potentially avoidable adverse health effects being experienced
    by the public today as a result of air pollution exposures.
        The scientific evidence that has been published since the
    PM and ozone criteria documents were written is consistent with
    a need for the immediate implementation of the more stringent
    standards that the EPA promulgated. Indeed, while the exact
    causal mechanism--i.e., the smoking gun of the PM mortality
    association--is not yet known, there are biologically plausible
    mechanisms that are now known--and these weren't available and
    weren't included in the criteria document--that could account
    for the associations. For example, recent animal experiments by
    Godleski and coworkers at Harvard University confirmed that
    exposures to elevated concentrations of ambient PM can result
    in cardiac-related deaths in animals.
        Epidemiological evidence has also accumulated over recent
    years, indicating a role by ozone in daily human mortality, a
    fact not fully considered by the EPA.
        I've attached a list of over 20 studies showing
    associations between ozone and mortality which were not
    considered.
        Thus, it is more clear than ever that important reductions
    in public health risk can be achieved by rapidly implementing
    the standards recently promulgated by the EPA.
        They for this opportunity to testify.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Dr. Thurston.
        Mr. Smith.

      STATEMENT OF THOMAS SMITH, PRESIDENT, NATIONAL COALITION OF
      PETROLEUM RETAILERS, GRIFFIN, GEORGIA; ACCOMPANIED BY: JIM
       DASKEL, GENERAL COUNSEL, NATIONAL COALITION OF PETROLEUM
                               RETAILERS

        Mr. Smith. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        I'm Tom Smith, president of NCPR, the chief advocate of the
    interests of America's 45,000 mom and pop gasoline retailers
    across America, and a Texaco dealer from Griffin, Georgia. And
    with me is our counsel, Jim Daskel.
        NCPR strongly supports Senate 1084, the Ozone and
    Particulate Matter Research Act, and we want to make three
    major points in our testimony today.
        First, a claim that there is no need for the legislation
    because the compliance deadlines are well off in the future is
    misleading. Without Senate 1084, compliance schedules would be
    dictated by citizen suits and sanction threats, because the
    Clean Air Act mandates that the states adopt a number of
    control technologies.
        Second, EPA's claims of a flexible implementation process
    are undercut by the statutory mandates and, more importantly,
    by EPA's actions with respect to vehicle IM and SBREFA.
        EPA hurts its credibility with statements such as telling
    the Agriculture Committee that the standards will lead to more
    ethanol fuel sales. EPA tried to rewrite the Clean Air Act to
    mandate ethanol before and got shot down by the court of
    appeals.
        Our third point is that we need Senate 1084 to ensure that
    we do not rob Peter to pay Paul. If you do not pass Senate bill
    1084, our members' limited resources would be diverted from
    compliance with the 1998 underground tank regulatory deadline,
    where they would most benefit human health and the environment,
    into ineffective redundancies like stage two vapor recovery.
        Let me first talk about the idea that there is no need for
    the legislation because the compliance deadlines are well off
    into the future.
        Once an area becomes a nonattainment area, the Clean Air
    Act forces the States and our members to implement control
    strategies such as stage two, enhanced IM, and the sale of
    reformulated gasolines. These mandatory control strategies can
    be enforced by citizen suits and other threats which will
    inevitably occur well before the date EPA is talking about.
        States will be forced to act now if the legislation is not
    passed. The threat is so severe that NCPR has had to file suit
    against EPA, alleging that the provisions of the Clean Air Act
    that mandate certain control strategies are unconstitutional
    under the 10th Amendment and a 1997 Supreme Court decision.
        Though EPA has promised to be flexible, this statute ties
    their hands. Based on our experience in the motor vehicle/IM
    debate, our members have deep-seeded reservations over EPA's
    flexibility promise. To quote Georgia State Representative Mike
    Evans, testifying under oath before the House Commerce
    Committee in the 104th Congress, he stated, ``EPA's assertion
    that they have been flexible is simply not so. We have not seen
    it in Georgia, nor do we believe that other States have seen
    it, either. The only thing that we have heard is sanctions,
    sanctions, and sanctions.
        We also question the flexibility claim in light of EPA's
    absurd position that changing the standard does not implicate
    SBREFA.
        The EPA says we will not hurt small businesses and farmers,
    such as those in my family. EPA has a funny definition of the
    word ``hurt.'' My family members and farm-based customers do
    not buy the EPA line and are concerned that higher fuel prices
    and regulatory costs will squeeze already thin farm margins.
        I also do not see how EPA can make the claim that the
    standards would mean more use of ethanol-blended gasolines with
    a straight face. Ethanol cannot be used in many nonattainment
    areas because it will hurt or worsen the ozone problems. Let me
    add that the ethanol subsidy is destructive to competition in
    the gasoline industry, and any version of a highway bill that
    extends the ethanol subsidy for another 7 years to us is just
    poisoned tea and would force us to oppose the entire bill,
    though we support CMAQ funding.
        As very small locally owned and operated businesses,
    gasoline dealers' limited resources must be used in a way so as
    to achieve the maximum environmental bang for their buck. Our
    members need to spend money on the underground tank upgrades
    required by 1998 in order to protect groundwater. Due to the
    requirements of the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, many
    stations and their tanks will be sold to small dealers and have
    to be replaced in the next 15 months.
        Gasoline dealers have long been involved in the debate over
    the clean air, primarily because the dealer and his family, as
    well as our employees and their families, breathe the same air
    and drink the same water as our friends and neighbors do.
        We support the 1990 Clean Air Act as amended, even though
    they cost us at least 15 percent of the independent dealer
    stations.
        We cannot support the new standards and urge the passage of
    Senate 1084.
        Thank you.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you very much, Mr. Smith.
        We'll have some 5-minute rounds up here, and we will adhere
    to our time schedule so that we can have as many rounds as
    possible within the time limit that we have, and we'll have
    some other Members that are coming here shortly.
        Mr. Martin, I'll start with you. In your testimony you
    offer two very profound examples on impact of the air standards
    on small, family-owned bakeries. First is the inability to
    secure loans to get their equipment, the control equipment; and
    then your own example, where you've literally decreased
    production so that you don't trigger the control levels.
        You know, neither example helps your businesses or the
    supply of bread--to me, at least. It doesn't seem efficient to
    force companies to cut production.
        If the regulations were to continue in effect, as
    promulgated by this association, what do you think would happen
    to your industry? What is the--can you give us idea of what a
    profit margin is of a small bakery.
        Mr. Martin. I think, within our own experience, it would
    probably range from--just looking at a 10- to 15-year period--
    from probably a small percentage loss to a high of maybe 3 to 4
    percent.
        Senator Inhofe. Yes. How do you think these regulations
    would impact that.
        Mr. Martin. I guess it would depend. If you want to put it
    on a percentage, we know up front we're going to spend the
    500,000 at least to make building modifications and put the
    technology in which we have gone and looked on site and have
    promised with the way it would apply to our industry, and then
    for the extra cost of operation it would be another 100,000 a
    year, probably.
        Senator Inhofe. Mr. Grumet had said that the industry
    normally over-estimates the cost of compliance. In your
    testimony you stated the cost to bakers is $12,000 per ton of
    DOCs controlled, not the 1,400 per ton estimated by EPA. Who is
    right, you or the EPA.
        Mr. Martin. Well, I can understand where they came up with
    some of those numbers, although I was not particularly a part
    of it. I asked some of those questions, myself, and, simply,
    the $1,400 would be taken from the handful of a certain type of
    baking operation, the 12,000 would be looking at the overview
    of all bakeries of many different sizes and shapes and forms.
        Senator Inhofe. You know, it is a difficult thing--and I
    think that Senator Sessions touched on this--that the original
    estimate of the cost of compliance by the EPA was--in fact, the
    one they're still using--is $8 billion. The President's own
    Economic Council used $60 billion per year. And the Reason
    Foundation out in California--I think came out with theirs
    right before our last hearing--they estimated somewhere between
    $90 and $150 billion per year. So it's difficult to use these
    estimates in any logical sense.
        Mr. Sharp, I was particularly impressed with your testimony
    because I spent quite a bit of time talking to farm bureau
    groups last Monday night. I was their speaker at the banquet in
    Cherokee, Oklahoma. That was a regional group. Not long before
    that I was up in North Dakota at the North Dakota Farm Bureau.
        A very consistent thing comes out of these guys. They say
    that the biggest problem they have is over-regulation, and that
    they don't recall any time, including the BTU scare, that the
    over-regulation would be a greater problem to the small
    farmers. Do you agree with that? Is this what you hear out
    there.
        Mr. Sharp. Absolutely. Small- and average-sized farms
    obviously are the ones that would suffer the most under
    regulation as is and under new regulation. Even USDA came out
    in their comments with concerns for small- and average-sized
    farms under this standard and, of course, under other
    regulation.
        Senator Inhofe. I understand that there is a copy of the
    economic report on the impacts of these regulations on
    agriculture. I think it is just coming out today. The results
    of these are pretty dramatic. Have you had a chance to see
    that.
        Mr. Sharp. I mentioned in my testimony the numbers that
    we've seen. This is the first study that we have seen that has
    come out with any numbers on agriculture impacts from the new
    standard, and a 10 percent decrease or a $5 billion annual
    income loss to farmers is something that is going to knock you
    way below any small- or average-sized farm profitability
    margin. When you only deal with a few percent anyway, a drop of
    10 percent is quite dramatic for those folks in the average or
    small farm arena.
        Senator Inhofe. Yes. Mr. Abbott, I was interested in some
    of your comments as to the effect on jobs. I was one who was
    very much concerned back when NAFTA was first imposed what
    would happen. If you go industry-by-industry--I'm from
    Oklahoma. Of course, it's a big agriculture State. Also, we
    have a refinery industry. I was listening with some interest to
    Senator Dorgan, when he was talking about the loss of jobs that
    has come, the fight from across the border. And I'd kind of
    like to get your idea as to what you think that job loss would
    be. You mention an estimated 35,000 jobs, but is that just
    within your union or your particular--how would you broaden
    this to cover other jobs.
        Mr. Abbott. Yes, sir. Just within our small union--and the
    number, I think, that the building trades department of the
    AFL-CIO is using is 1.3 million amongst all the crafts and
    trades. That loss comes because of a lot of different factors.
    We not only construct, but we maintain a lot of the refineries,
    and the large power plants, as well as cement kilns.
        One of the things that happened with the Clean Air Act last
    time, there was a lot of the refinery business that moved into
    the Caribbean region, they actually moved off-shore. Very few
    refineries are actually left in the United States, which really
    is a problem. But, of course, if you had maybe 8,000 or 10,000
    people nationwide, like the boilermakers did, that was
    maintaining those refineries, those are just jobs lost. That's
    just man-years of work lost.
        Senator Inhofe. I'll cover that in just a minute.
        Senator Baucus.
        Senator Baucus. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        Mr. Grumet, I'm very interested in this chart of yours in
    your testimony that's labeled ``C.'' It's entitled, ``Actual
    Costs are Less than Original Estimates.''
        Mr. Grumet. Yes. What I tried to do----
        Senator Baucus. I can tell what you tried to do here, and I
    find it very interesting that you've taken five different areas
    and you've given the projected costs for each and the actual
    costs and you've given a source, and the source is essentially
    industry sources. Now, is that industry source the source for
    the projected cost? And does that source actually agree with
    the actual costs in each of those areas.
        Let's take number one, unleaded gasoline.
        Mr. Grumet. Unleaded gasoline, the suggestion at the time
    of enactment by API and others was it would be eight to ten
    cents per gallon. The actual cost, based on surveys by the
    Energy Information Association and others, has been one cent
    nationally and two cents in California.
        And I should just add that these aren't the costs that
    people are seeing. People are seeing no cost whatsoever. What
    we've tried to do here is be absolutely accurate and indicate
    the costs that the----
        Senator Baucus. But the point is here that the actual cost
    of unleaded gasoline is about one-eight or one-seventh of the
    projected cost.
        Mr. Grumet. That's correct.
        Senator Baucus. Let's take VOC controls for marine vessel
    boating. Why don't you explain that.
        Mr. Grumet. This was a nice example in that this was a very
    particular issue in New Jersey. We had the industry testify at
    a public hearing that the cost would be, at minimum, two cents
    per gallon, based on the controls.
        New Jersey's penalty structure is based on the notion of
    disgorging any undue economic benefit a company gets from
    noncompliance. So it turns out that one of these Company's
    failed to comply, and in the penalty phase they demonstrated
    conclusively to the State that the actual costs were, in fact,
    one-tenth of the costs they suggested 2 years earlier.
        Senator Baucus. One-tenth of the projected.
        Mr. Grumet. Yes.
        Senator Baucus. All right. Let's take power plant SO2
    controls.
        Mr. Grumet. Well, this is an example that I think many
    people refer to, the acid rain controls in the 1990 Clean Air
    Act. Again, I think we were somewhat conservative. There were
    many industry estimates that the cost for a tons of SO2 removed
    would be over $1,500 a ton. But, looking at really just kind of
    the basic industry projections--because what I think I want to
    stress here is that this isn't an effort, I think, on the part
    of industry to mislead anybody.
        Senator Baucus. Right.
        Mr. Grumet. I just think there are some natural dynamics--
    --
        Senator Baucus. Right.
        Mr. Grumet. ----that inevitably inflate cost. The costs
    were projected to be $500 to $1,000, and recently the costs
    were $101. They're down actually to $75.
        Senator Baucus. And the same general phenomenon occurred
    with respect to power plant NOX controls.
        Mr. Grumet. Yes. Absolutely same with NOX controls.
        Senator Baucus. And the California low emission vehicle
    program.
        Mr. Grumet. That's correct.
        Senator Baucus. I just saw something on the news last
    night. I don't know if you saw it. It's a combination fuel cell
    gasoline, which looked pretty promising. I don't know if it's
    going to turn out to be as good as it sounds like it's
    projected to be, but, as I recall, I think it was on ABC news
    last night.
        Mr. Grumet. Daimler-Benz has committed to have 100,000 fuel
    cell operated vehicles on the road in the next 10 years. The
    Ballard Company in Canada is producing buses that run on fuel
    cells right now.
        What's unfortunate is that there is no one in the U.S.
    doing it.
        Senator Baucus. But I understand this car uses a
    combination of regular gasoline and fuel cells.
        Mr. Grumet. Correct.
        Senator Baucus. And it will be available in 5 or 6 years
    maybe, or maybe sooner than that; that it will cost no more to
    operate than current cars; it would have the same performance;
    and it will have virtually none of certain emissions. I suppose
    it would be----
        Mr. Grumet. The only emissions would be some CO2 and some
    water.
        Senator Baucus. CO2 and water. But no other emissions.
        Mr. Grumet. Correct.
        Senator Baucus. Now that would help with ozone, wouldn't
    it.
        Mr. Grumet. That would be a dramatic advantage. Yes.
        Senator Baucus. And so maybe these ozone standards might
    not turn out to be quite so bad to the degree that those
    technologies are developed, when there is no additional cost.
        Mr. Grumet. We have found time and time again that many of
    the gentlemen to my left and right and their industries are
    incredibly capable of achieving cost-effective reductions when,
    in fact, we set clear requirements and stick to those
    requirements.
        Senator Baucus. Yes. Well, are there other technologies
    that might develop.
        Mr. Grumet. There are a host of technologies. Just to touch
    on a couple that are pertinent to these new standards, as I
    mentioned, the main requirement would be to reduce nitrogen
    oxide emissions, which would come as some comfort to Mr. Martin
    because bakers really don't emit much NOX emissions, if any. In
    order to get NOX emissions down, there are two technologies
    that people are using.
        One is selective catalytic reduction. It's like taking the
    catalytic converter you have in a car and putting it on a big
    smokestack. For years we were told that it wasn't possible,
    even though it was happening in Europe. Well, now it has
    happened in two of my States, New Hampshire and New Jersey, and
    it has happened incredibly cost-effectively. We are able to
    achieve up to 90 percent controls of nitrogen oxide emissions
    for under $1,000 a ton, and that is, as Mr. Martin indicated,
    far and away more cost effective than the control strategies
    that the old standards were bringing forward.
        I don't know how many more you want me to touch on, but we
    have--Honda just announced the ultra-low-emission vehicle for
    the exact same cost as a regular vehicle. People said it
    couldn't even be done 4 years ago.
        Senator Baucus. And one of the reasons this happens, as you
    mentioned, is competition.
        Mr. Grumet. Absolutely.
        Senator Baucus. Different companies want to develop a
    better product--cheaper, more-efficient product. It's just
    competition.
        Mr. Grumet. That's the American way. And the ``New York
    Times'' last Friday had an article showing that, in fact,
    pollution control companies had stagnated their sales. Their
    sales have actually gone down since 1985, showing that, in
    fact, we're really not pushing our industrial base to improve
    our environmental quality.
        Senator Baucus. Thank you. I see I've got a red light here,
    Mr. Chairman.
        Senator Inhofe. Well, we'll have more rounds, Senator
    Baucus.
        Senator Thomas.
        Senator Thomas. Yes. As I listened to you, Mr. Grumet, if
    competition is driven by more efficiency, then why do we need
    regulation.
        Mr. Grumet. Well, pollution, in my micro-economics class--
    and I wasn't very good--was the example that was used to
    describe market failure. When we have a situation----
        Senator Thomas. I don't think that's true. We're talking
    about efficiency and cost is mostly why these new things come
    about, not----
        Mr. Grumet. Well, Senator Thomas, I may not understand, but
    I think it's very possible for a company to have very low costs
    while creating a tremendous amount of pollution, which inposes
    high costs on other people, but----
        Senator Thomas. I won't pursue it any farther, but if
    you're talking about competition and efficiency driving these
    things, that's what drives it, and not the setting by EPA of
    standards.
        Senator Baucus. If I might say, Mr. Chairman, the point is
    to internalize the cost, and therefore the competition drives
    the technology. You have to have standards to internalize the
    cost.
        Senator Thomas. Senator Baucus, I was questioning them, but
    thank you very much. I certainly appreciate it. I'm talking
    about efficiency, and we get efficient----
        Senator Baucus. If they internalize it, they get some
    efficiencies.
        Senator Thomas. Absolutely, and it doesn't take regulation
    if you believe in the marketplace. That's an aside.
        Doctor, you sort of indicated that there was great
    scientific consensus. You're the first one I've heard say that.
        Mr. Thurston. Well, the points of consensus of CASAC have
    been under-represented in hearings here, I think, and I think
    especially George Wolfe, when he talks about what happened at
    CASAC, he tends to dwell on the points of lack of consensus.
    But I feel that more emphasis should be put on where there was
    a consensus, and I think that's where EPA acted.
        There was a consensus, and I can read you right out of
    George Wolfe's closure letter where they said that there was a
    consensus--let's see. Here's one. ``There was also a consensus
    that a new PM2.5 NAAQS be established.'' It's right
    out of his closure letter. And, similarly, for ozone.
        Senator Thomas. Well, wait a minute. You may have this
    group consensus. I'm talking about science, in general.
        You know, one of the real problems for us--and you can
    understand this--is on all these things, ``Let's have a
    scientific basis.'' ``Let's do it on good science.'' We have
    ten scientists come, and all of them have a different view.
        Now, how many of this consensus group agreed on 15
    micrograms daily.
        Mr. Thurston. There was a consensus to have a standard.
    They didn't attempt to set the actual standard. That was left
    to the Administrator. They----
        Senator Thomas. Only two out of twenty-one agreed with the
    initial proposition.
        Mr. Thurston. I think that what happened, if you read the
    transcript of the day that they talked about this, as I have,
    George Wolff simply asked them where they would set it, and
    each person gave a number, and I think that had they perhaps
    gone around the table again you would have seen a little more
    consensus. But the fact of the matter is there was a large
    agreement--there was a consensus that they needed a
    PM2.5 standard, and the way it reads is that EPA
    sets the standard. Their job wasn't to come to a specific
    number. As a matter of fact, I think George Wolff was the first
    chairman who has done such a poll asking for a number, because
    I don't think it is the job of CASAC to set a number. That's
    the Administrator's job, and that's exactly what the
    Administrator did.
        Senator Thomas. Exactly, and not many scientists agree with
    that. That's the problem. And I understand science isn't always
    going to come the same, but to suggest that there is consensus
    among science I think is a little misleading. That certainly
    hasn't been what we've heard from everyone who has come here.
        Also, you've talked about the costs will not be
    substantial, and I don't know what ``substantial'' means. Small
    Business Administration says, ``It is certainly one of the most
    expensive regulations, if not the most expensive, faced by
    small business in 10 years or more.''
        Mr. Thurston. I don't believe I said that----
        Senator Thomas. No, I'm talking to Mr. Grumet. I'm sorry.
        Mr. Grumet. Thanks.
        Senator Thomas. Small Business. This is the government
    agency.
        Mr. Grumet. Yes, I agree. Government is also not immune
    from overstating costs--EPA does it all the time--because all
    Government can do is use the best information that they are
    given by the same people who are providing you this
    information. I think, though, that you also know that there are
    very often times tensions in any large organization--the
    Administration being a very large one--and EPA is going to
    great ends to try to diminish the impacts on small businesses.
        We care very deeply about small businesses in the
    northeast. We are not apologists for EPA. We have many
    conflicts with them. We are of the belief that these standards,
    because they reflect the true science, will, in fact, bring
    forward--now, when I say ``science'' I'm not talking health
    science, because----
        Senator Thomas. True science.
        Mr. Grumet. Well, Senator, let me back up for a second.
    These standards are not perfect, but there's a choice before us
    that is presented by S. 1084, and that choice is between the
    old standards or the new standards. And if you ask yourself
    which standards better reflect the health costs and the health
    impacts, which standards better reflect the true reality of the
    problem, since that is the relative choice we have, I think
    there is little question that the new standards are a better
    reflection of the health issues.
        Senator Thomas. That's your view, and I understand that.
        Mr. Grumet. That's why I'm here to offer it.
        Senator Thomas. But that's not a consensus, obviously. Not
    everyone thinks that's--it seems like the northeast seems to
    have more problem with air quality. Is that valid.
        Mr. Grumet. It partially----
        Senator Thomas. I can almost tell where people came from as
    to what they're going to say.
        Mr. Grumet. I think the map I showed you--and I refer back
    to attachment ``A''--demonstrates that if you care about
    chronic exposure to ozone, the midwest actually has a greater
    health risk than the northeast. If you look at the highest one
    hour experienced each year, the northeast has a worse problem
    than the midwest.
        Senator Thomas. Is the northeast generally in compliance.
        Mr. Grumet. By and large, no, for two reasons--our own
    pollution and the pollution that wafts into our region from
    other regions.
        Senator Thomas. Why would you then ask for more stringent
    controls if you're not in compliance with what's in place.
        Mr. Grumet. That's an excellent question, and the answer is
    because the existing standards call forth irrational and
    ineffective controls, which is why implementing them doesn't
    fix the problem.
        Senator Thomas. The EPA director said that they're not
    putting in the control; that they're leaving that to somebody
    else. All they're doing is setting standards.
        Mr. Grumet. You have to apply standards in order to try to
    meet a certain end point. If that end point is trying to reduce
    peak ozone levels and your only opportunity is to try to place
    controls in the urban area where you have that kind of
    violation, you are left with doing things like regulating
    bakeries very stringently.
        Senator Thomas. But you haven't met the controls now.
        Mr. Grumet. We have implemented far more controls than
    other regions of the country, yet we still have----
        Senator Thomas. No. Let's talk about results. Let's talk
    about goals. Your goal is compliance with current, isn't it.
        Mr. Grumet. It is, absolutely. And if we are given an
    inappropriate set of tools which are ineffective in achieving
    those goals, it's hard for me to understand how we could be
    criticized for our failure.
        Senator Thomas. I don't understand that, but my light is--
    --
        Mr. Thurston. Maybe I could help if I responded to this
    point.
        Senator Thomas. My time is up.
        Senator Inhofe. Well, I think it is kind of interesting.
    You talk about where you are out of attainment, and out there
    you are. I've often thought--I can remember when Secretary
    Browner talked about when she goes around the country, so yes,
    you have an attainment problem. It's not your fault. It's the
    guys west of you. This happened down in Louisiana when she was
    making a presentation down there. ``You mean we're going to
    have to actually implement all these changes?'' No, your
    problem comes from Texas. And I'm sure if she were in Texas
    she'd say it was from Arizona, and eventually get maybe to
    Wyoming. I don't know.
        I was pleased yesterday to hear from Secretary Pena on this
    zero emissions car, but I think we're losing site of something
    here because I'd like to remind my colleagues that Carol
    Browner had previously stated that no new requirements would be
    placed on mobile sources under these standards, anyway; that it
    would all be from utilities.
        And also I'd like to point out that I can remember some 20
    years ago when they said by the year 1998 we'd all be driving
    electric cars. Well, that's next year, and I don't see that
    coming up either.
        So I think in the best of circumstances the announcement
    yesterday--he said that this would be available in the show
    rooms in 10 years. Well, I wouldn't want to predicate our
    decisions today on what we think is going to happen in 10
    years.
        Back to you, Mr. Abbott. When you talked about the
    refineries, and I don't think you and I either one would blame
    the owner of a refinery for going south of the border in that
    very competitive industry, because they could be down there
    where they do not have the requirements--the EPA requirements
    and other requirements.
        I can remember during the debate on NAFTA one of my
    concerns was that in the transportation industry that we would
    allow--NAFTA would allow a Mexican trucking line to pick up a
    load in Brownsville, Texas, and take it to New York City and
    not comply with all the requirements. And, of course, that gave
    them a competitive advantage. And so I don't think either one
    of us would blame them for doing that. I just want to correct
    an environment that encourages that.
        Mr. Abbott. Absolutely. Yes, sir. One of the things that's
    important to point out, too, is that these cars that Senator
    Baucus talked about, all of these things have been going for
    quite a while under the old EPA Act. I mean, there has been a
    lot--there has been an evolving technology that has been going
    on for some time. That certainly did not come about because EPA
    decided to change the standards.
        We are on the cutting edge. The building trades unions do
    install a lot of the environmental controls, and therein is one
    of the problems, because a lot of these large utilities have
    gone to a tremendous expense, hundreds of millions of dollars,
    to install pollution control equipment, and then all of the
    sudden the goal post is moved and now some of the other
    businesses that were not in compliance perhaps under these
    standards have an additional 10 years to comply.
        It just seemed that the Clean Air Act was working, we were
    getting excellent results all the way through. The emissions
    were being reduced, the pollution was being reduced, the ozone
    level was going down, and the control equipment that was being
    put on or had been ordered in the last few years, some of that
    equipment, because these standards were being proposed, the
    owners held off installing clean air equipment. So there were a
    lot of jobs that were lost just from the fact that these
    standards were pending and not knowing what was going to
    happen.
        Senator Inhofe. Mr. Abbott, I think in all the seven
    hearings we've had I don't recall one person suggesting that
    the air isn't getting cleaner every day. It is. However, that
    doesn't seem to be factored in to all these considerations,
    what we're going to do from this point forward.
        I think the most--when you talk about moving the goal
    posts, Government doesn't understand what it costs to move goal
    posts. When an industry--I don't care if it's a baking industry
    or the family farmer or the power industry--invests millions of
    dollars, and then all the sudden finds, ``Well, we now have
    implemented new standards, so you have to do--'' there just is
    not an appreciation for the cost and who bears that ultimate
    cost, whether it's the cost of labor, the cost of
    manufacturing, the cost of production. It's going to be
    ultimately the consumer. That's the thing that concerns me.
        Mr. Grumet, I understand that the standards that are
    proposed by the EPA are really not enough for you, are not set
    high enough for you. I think you've been quoted many times
    saying you want a more stringent standard.
        Mr. Grumet. Are you speaking of the recently-set standards
    or the old standards.
        Senator Inhofe. The recently-set standards.
        Mr. Grumet. I'm not sure what you're referring to, but
    back, I guess, 6 months ago we did comment that the particulate
    standard, the daily particulate standard, should be set more
    strictly than the 65 micrograms per cubic meter, so we do think
    that standard is inadequately protective.
        But, again, we're not going to let the best become the
    enemy of the good.
        Senator Inhofe. I was really wondering whose side you're
    on. You're against our bill, but you also are against the----
        Mr. Grumet. No. I'm strongly supportive, as are the
    Northeast States, of the standards recently adopted by the
    Administrator.
        Senator Inhofe. But you said those standards do not go far
    enough.
        Mr. Grumet. I'm saying that I don't think they're perfect
    and I don't think any standards ever will be perfect. I think
    those standards are far better protective of public health and
    far better in terms of inspiring cost-effective results.
        Senator Inhofe. All right. I'm going to pursue this, and I
    don't have to leave but Senator Baucus does, so I'll yield to
    him.
        Senator Baucus. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
        I'd just like to--first of all, I have a letter I want to
    insert in the record. This is from Administrator Browner. She
    has information that bears on this hearing and the fact that
    she asked to testify and she was refused the ability to come to
    testify at this hearing, so I'll put this letter in the record.
        [The information to be supplied follows:]
                             Environmental Protection Agency,
                                   Office of the Administrator,
                                                      October 21, 1997.

    The Honorable Max Baucus,
    Committee on Environment and Public Works,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC 20510.

    Dear Senator Baucus: I am writing in response to your letter of October
    15, 1997 requesting the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) views
    on S. 1084, a bill that would repeal EPA's recent update of the air
    quality standards for ozone and particulate matter.
        As you know, these new standards are a major step forward in public
    health protection. Each year, they will prevent approximately 15,000
    premature deaths, as well as hundreds of thousands of cases of
    significantly decreased lung function in children and hundreds of
    thousands of asthma attacks in children and adults.
        EPA strongly opposes S. 1084 because it would undermine these
    important public health protections. The bill would revoke the
    stronger, updated standards, reinstate the old standards, and prohibit
    EPA from revising or replacing these outdated standards for at least 4
    years. The decision to strengthen the air quality standards was based
    on compelling science indicating that the old standards were not
    adequately protective. Repeal or delay would only result in needless
    suffering for millions of Americans. In addition, delay would have
    other adverse health consequences and environmental effects such as
    reduced yields of agricultural crops, damage to commercial and non-
    commercial forests, and continued visibility impairment.
        Furthermore, the public has a right to know whether the air in
    their communities is safe to breathe, as determined by the latest, best
    available science--and these standards are the means by which
    government makes this information available.
        As you know, the President has announced a flexible, common-sense
    implementation plan for the new standards. This implementation approach
    will continue current progress in achieving cleaner air. It will give
    states, local governments and business the flexibility to meet the new
    standards in a cost-effective way. EPA's strategy for regional
    emissions reductions, as proposed by EPA last week, will allow the vast
    majority of areas to meet the new ozone standard without additional
    local pollution controls. The President's implementation policy also
    ensures that at a new round of review of particulate matter science
    will be completed within 5 years, and that no areas will be designated
    as nonattainment for fine particles during this period.
        The Office of Management and Budget advises that there is no
    objection to the submission of this report from the standpoint of the
    President's program.
        I hope that these views are helpful. If I can provide any
    additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
                Sincerely,
                                              Carol M. Browner.

        Senator Baucus. Second, I'd just like to remind us all of
    the time line--I'll just take PM2.5--that something
    might happen.
        This year EPA issues its final PM2.5 standard.
    This year EPA begins new scientific review of health effects of
    fine particulate matter. Next year, voluntary State discussions
    on regionally transported particle pollution. Between the year
    1998 and the year 2000, monitors are put in place nationwide. I
    might add that in Administrator Browner's letter she states
    that, with respect to PM2.5, that the President's
    implementation policy also ensures that the new round of review
    of particulate matter science will be completed within 5 years,
    and that no areas will be designated as nonattainment for fine
    particles during this period, so there is a whole 5-year study
    that will be in place before any decisions will be made on
    particulate matter.
        In the period 1998 to 2003, collect monitoring data; in the
    year 2002, EPA completes the 5-year scientific review of
    particulate matter standards, which I just mentioned and she
    states in her letter. Between the years 2002 and 2005, EPA
    designates areas. Between the years 2005 and 2008, the States
    submit their plans, their SIPs, outlining how they will meet
    the PM2.5 standard, and the States needing
    reductions begin. That's in the period between 2005 and 2008.
        So, in summary, between the years 2012 and 2017, following
    designation, States may have up to--the point it, the States
    may have up to 12 years under the Clean Air Act to meet
    PM2.5 standards.
        We're going to learn a lot in the next 12 years. We're
    going to learn the degree to which the standards selected by
    the Administrator make sense and the degree to which they don't
    make sense, reminding ourselves that the standards that she
    selected were for range proposed by CASAC, the scientific
    review panel. She didn't just pick these out of thin air. This
    is a range of standards presented to her by CASAC, which is
    required under current law, a 5-year review of every 5 years.
        So I understand some of the concerns that people have about
    these standards. I have concerns, myself. I come from a farm
    State. But I also think that this period of time gives us
    adequate time to adjust it, to change the standards that they
    should be changed, depending upon data that we get and studies
    that are conducted.
        All this makes much more sense to me to continue down this
    time line rather than to pass this bill, which says stop. In
    fact, it implies we don't do anything. It just says do nothing
    for 4 years. And, as has been pointed out, there's nothing in
    this bill that says we do anything after 4 years. It just says
    stop.
        And we do know that there are a lot--that these standards
    will avoid many premature deaths, certainly avoid a lot of
    unhealthy--some people that have unhealthy conditions that have
    caused them to be very unhealthy. And I trust, frankly, the
    American people. I trust the process. It's the only one we've
    got, folks. It's us, our country, our Government. We should
    work to make it work, not just say stop, do nothing with
    respect to PM2.5 and ozone.
        Another point I'd like to make is with respect to
    PM2.5. It's my understanding that virtually none of
    the PM2.5 would be directed at agriculture. One
    could dispute whether it's 1 percent or 2 percent or what not,
    but it's a very small amount. In fact, we all know the letter
    from Carol Browner to Secretary Glickman saying it's not
    targeted at agriculture, etc.
        I have some sympathy to what you're saying, Mr. Sharp. A
    lot of farmers and ranchers, it's a very small margin and
    they're out of business. There's no doubt about that. I know
    that's the case. But I also strongly suspect that when States
    implement implementation plans for areas that are in
    nonattainment, they're not going to sell it to agriculture.
    They just won't. At least they won't in my State. I can tell
    you that. I can't speak to other States, but I think that
    farmers should be slightly concerned about all of this, but I
    don't think they should be alarmed.
        Mr. Sharp. Could I reply to that.
        Senator Baucus. Sure.
        Mr. Sharp. Our concern is that EPA has no idea how much we
    emit of PM2.5. That's the biggest concern for us. We
    want to avoid regulation that California has already included
    for PM10. I'll read----
        Senator Baucus. We don't have time here. We don't want to
    talk about PM10, because we're not talking about
    PM10. We're talking about PM2.5.
        Mr. Sharp. Okay. PM2.5 for agriculture fugitive
    dust from crops, three million tons is their estimate from
    agriculture; agricultural livestock, 181,000 tons. Those
    figures are what has been given to the States to use----
        Senator Baucus. That's 2.5.
        Mr. Sharp. That's 2.5
        Senator Baucus. And whose studies are those.
        Mr. Sharp. Those are all credited in STAPPA and ALAPCA, the
    State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators, and
    ALAPCA, the Association of Local Air Pollution Control----
        Senator Baucus. I hear you and I understand that. But,
    again, just to remind ourselves, we have a 5-year period here
    under the law with which to study PM2.5. At the end
    of that 5-year period, we're going to know whether that study
    is valid or invalid or to what degree it's valid or invalid.
    We're going to know a lot more than we know now, and we can
    proceed from that point.
        Mr. Sharp. We're not sure if that time line is going to
    hold. As was mentioned earlier, I do believe, at the end of the
    table down here, civil suits have a big play in this, and this
    guarantees we don't----
        Senator Baucus. I understand the argument, but I just, with
    the deepest respect, think there's not much validity in that
    argument. That is, I don't think that anyone who sues now,
    files a civil lawsuit saying EPA doesn't have this authority,
    is going to get very far. And most attorneys I've talked to on
    this issue have the same conclusion.
        The light has been red for a long time. I don't want to
    take too much of the chairman's time.
        Senator Inhofe. Well, let me go ahead and resume the
    questioning.
        On my time, Mr. Sharp, why don't you go back to your
    documentation on California and PM10.
        Mr. Sharp. You mentioned regulation to begin with, and this
    is the exact type of regulation we want to not run into a
    problem with on PM2.5. We need the data first.
        This was included. This regulation or this control measure
    was included in California's State implementation plan that has
    now gone to EPA for final approval, and they have a list of
    them here, but my favorite one--and, being from a farm family,
    I didn't even know what tracking control was or what you would
    be doing by trying to gain or implement tracking control, so I
    had to look this one up. But included for PM10--and
    this is the exact same thing we're trying to avoid here--
    tracking control, ``Prevent tracking soil on unpaved public
    roads when turning at the end of runs during tillage operations
    from August through October. Prevent tracking mud and dirt on
    paved public roads from farm roads when water is used to
    prevent dust during this period. The effectiveness of this
    measure would be dependent on the reduction of mud and dirts
    tracked onto the paved public roads and the amount of traffic
    traversing the affected paved public road.''
        They want us to control the dust that drops off the tractor
    tires or between the treads onto dirt roads before you drive it
    out, before you drive your tractor on the road or turn around
    on a road. Things like that, we don't know how you would
    implement.
        Also regulation that's impacting agriculture, the new
    regional haze proposal and a non-road diesel proposal, both
    have come out in the last couple months, both of which are
    under the guise of a new PM2.5 plan. Both of those
    would control particulate matter, PM2.5, from
    agriculture or have an impact, either directly or indirectly,
    to agriculture. The non-road diesel is an obvious one through
    equipment, and the regional haze one has been spelled by the
    Park Service and the Forest Service, and targets agriculture
    PM2.5 controls for burning and for agriculture
    tillage.
        Senator Inhofe. All right, sir. Thank you very much. I hope
    that I have not been misrepresenting what would happen with
    implementation--not the setting, but the implementation of
    these standards, when I talk to farm groups.
        A week ago Monday I was in western Oklahoma, seven
    different communities, ending up talking to the Farm Bureau in
    Cherokee. I commented to them that it would be more regulation
    by the Federal Government in terms of when you can plant a
    crop, when you can harvest a crop, when you can burn a field,
    when you can burn your diesel. And this is what really does
    concern. Am I misrepresenting this to these people.
        Mr. Sharp. No. That's accurate.
        Senator Inhofe. You're a family farm owner, as well as a
    professional.
        Mr. Sharp. Based on what has happened in California under
    PM10 for those controls, and then based on a
    document put together by the Clean Air Act Advisory Committee--
    they call it an opportunity matrix. It's a draft document. But
    in that document they list a couple different pages of controls
    for agriculture for PM2.5, including everything from
    banning burning, which is number one on the list to taking land
    out of agricultural production; planting trees and permanent
    grasses; dietary changes for cattle, for hogs, for poultry. The
    list goes on and on.
        Senator Inhofe. Yes.
        Mr. Sharp. So there are a number of these that have been
    spelled out very clearly. Yes.
        Senator Inhofe. I would say this: the family farmers that I
    talked to, at least in the State of Oklahoma, are very
    sensitive to this and are very well-informed on this, so
    someone has done a good job. I would like to also mention that
    it's not just the Farm Bureau. The Farmers Union has been
    active in this, as well as the Cattlemans Association and other
    groups, too.
        Mr. Sharp. There are over 30 agricultural organizations.
        Senator Inhofe. Mr. Grumet, going back to you, I was going
    to read a quote and see if you still stand. You're talking
    about such steps that could be taken, and now we're back
    referring to ozone.
        Mr. Grumet. Can you tell me where it's from, also.
        Senator Inhofe. Steps such as reducing car emissions, using
    manual lawn mowers, and filling gas tanks during evening hours
    will have a profound effect on reducing the levels of smog we
    all breathe.
        Mr. Grumet. Can you remind me where that was from.
        Senator Inhofe. Yes. Thursday, August 7, 1997, on
    ``Business Wire.'' I have it right here.
        Mr. Grumet. Okay. I'm----
        Senator Inhofe. And the reason I bring this is up is that
    if there's anything that has bothered me more than anything
    else in the whole issue this last 11 months, it's when
    Administrator Browner, who is a very intelligent person, a very
    remarkable person, is always saying that nothing like this is
    going to have to happen. Nothing like this is going to have to
    happen and everything is going to be fine. In fact, she goes so
    far as to say to the petroleum marketers, ``Well, it's not
    going to affect you. You guys aren't going to be affected. It's
    going to be refineries.'' To the bakers, ``It's not going to
    affect you.'' To the mayors of our cities, ``It's won't affect
    you.'' Everybody is outside. And even geographically, as I
    mentioned a minute ago, it's always in some area other than
    where you are.
        Mr. Grumet. Two comments. I'm pretty sure what you're
    referring to was probably a quote from the ``Good Morning
    America'' show when the Northeast States were rolling out an
    ozone map which tried to depict--and your staff is nodding--
    trying to depict the daily ozone levels, and I was discussing
    the benefits of giving people this information, because it
    would give them the ability to take voluntary steps, ``such
    as.''
        So, just to be absolutely clear, the suggestion that these
    new standards or any standards in the northeast would stop
    people from mowing lawns or restrict when you can fill up your
    gas tank would be incorrect.
        Senator Inhofe. Would be incorrect.
        Mr. Grumet. Yes.
        Senator Inhofe. So you don't agree with this statement.
        Mr. Grumet. I guess I didn't speak clearly.
        Senator Inhofe. I'm going to go ahead and put this document
    in the record at this point, because I see what I consider to
    be a contradiction.
        [The information to be supplied follows:]

                   (Business Wire, Thursday, August 7, 1997)

    Smog Map Technology is Launched; Public to Learn of Ground-Level Ozone
                                    Dangers

        Boston--Watching your television news broadcast can be good for
    your health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in conjunction
    with the Ozone Transport Commission (OTC), the Northeast States for
    Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) and the Mid-Atlantic Regional
    Air Management Association (MARAMA) today launched an animated smog map
    to broadcast during daily weather reports in many states that
    experience high levels of summertime ground-level ozone, commonly known
    as smog.
        Smog is a major air pollutant and respiratory irritant that can
    cause permanent lung damage and sends thousands of people to hospitals
    each year with respiratory ailments. As of June 1997, over 100 million
    people reside in areas of the country that do not meet National Ambient
    Air Quality Standards for ozone.
        ``The ozone map was developed to warn people about dangerous air
    quality,'' said Jason Grumet, executive director of NESCAUM. ``Although
    we can't see or smell smog, individuals have the right to know what
    they are breathing and what is making them ill. Just as important, the
    map will also serve as a way to educate individuals so that they take
    actions every day to reduce their own contribution to ground-level
    ozone. Steps such as reducing car emissions, using manual lawn mowers
    and filling gas tanks during evening hours will have a profound effect
    on reducing the levels of smog we all breathe.''
        The high-tech mapping system gathers air quality data from more
    than 200 state and local air monitoring stations from North Carolina to
    Maine and provides colonized maps several times daily to show the
    concentration and location of smog. The new smog map allows residents
    to reduce their exposure to unhealthful air and to take proactive
    measures to reduce the amount of pollution they contribute.
        ``Information is power. This information will give parents,
    athletes, seniors and others the power to protect themselves,'' said
    EPA's New England Administrator John P. DeVillars. ``Last month
    President Clinton took a strong stand in favor of better air quality by
    issuing a decision for stringent new standards for clean air. The Ozone
    Map takes these efforts a step further by making Americans aware of air
    quality in their own backyards.''
        Jeanne Fox, EPA Region-2 Administrator, said, ``The 14-state Ozone
    Mapping Project provides the public with critical data about a
    potential health hazard. We all benefit from the investment in new
    technology that brings air monitoring data to the TV screen in a way
    that is useful to the viewing public.''
        According to Dr. Alfred Munzer, past president of the American Lung
    Association, ``Ozone air pollution is a health risk for the millions of
    Americans who live in affected areas, but especially for children, the
    elderly and people with respiratory disease. A recent Lung Association
    study of 13 cities found that hospitalization among people with asthma
    and other lung disorders doubled during the summer ozone season.
    Providing air quality information directly to these vulnerable
    individuals gives them a valuable tool to limit their exposure and
    protect their health.''
        Jane Nishida, secretary of the Maryland Department of the
    Environment, stated, ``Maryland pioneered the ozone map technology 3
    years ago with the American Lung Association of Maryland. Maryland has
    aired the map locally for 3 years and is excited about the enhanced
    expansion of the ozone map throughout the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic
    states.''
        Susan Wierman, executive director of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Air
    Management Association, added, ``In 1994, a group of key individuals
    believed that a map of ground-level ozone was possible and pursued the
    concept tenaciously. Building on their efforts, we can now offer this
    state-of-the- art technology to broadcasters, print, radio and Internet
    providers throughout our 14-state region.''
        Ozone pollution is not just a danger to susceptible populations;
    healthy individuals who work, exercise or play outdoors for even an
    hour or two can suffer respiratory difficulty in the form of coughing,
    chest pains and throat irritation. Experts estimate that between $50
    and $100 billion per year is spent treating medical ailments caused by
    air pollution. Further, the consequences of ozone pollution go beyond
    health and safety concerns, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    reports that lowering ozone exposure will reduce the yield loss of
    major agricultural crops by almost $500 billion.
        Bruce Carhart, executive director of the Ozone Transport
    Commission, said, ``Seeing the new ground-level ozone map on TV will
    bring to light the true extent of our smog problem. The partnerships
    between states and media outlets to provide air quality information
    will add to the public's understanding of ground-level ozone's impact
    on their health.''
        Ground-level ozone is created through the interactions of man-made
    emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides in the
    presence of heat and sunlight. Cars and other gasoline-burning engines
    are large sources of volatile organic compounds. Other sources include
    oil-based paints, insecticides and cleaners. Nitrogen oxides, the other
    chemical precursor of ground-level ozone, are produced whenever fossil
    fuels are produced whenever fossil fuels are burned and are primarily
    produced by motor vehicles and power plants.
        Ozone mapping data is available at no charge to broadcasters and
    the public on the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/regionO1/eco/ozone/
    The data will also be available at no charge to clients of Weather
    Service International, a leading weather service provider, as
    ``SMOGcast''. Additional weather service providers will be sought to
    distribute the map.
        ``TV stations are very interested in using the map on their weather
    forecasts because demand by the public for health and safety
    information has never been greater,'' said Maria Pirone of Weather
    Services International. ``We are pleased to serve the public by
    providing this free information through our partner television
    stations.''
        For those wishing to learn more about ground-level ozone call the
    U.S. EPA at 1-800-821-1237 to receive your free Air Quality guide and
    informational brochure.
        Mr. Grumet. Senator, please let me try again, because I
    don't think I was contradicting myself. I was indicating that
    those are voluntary measures that people could choose to take
    if they were given this kind of ozone smog map information on
    their nightly news. I was not suggesting, nor am I, nor would I
    ever suggest those were prescriptive measures that the
    Government would impose upon anybody. So I would welcome you
    putting it into the record, as long as it is in the proper
    context.
        Senator Inhofe. How many volunteers are you going to get
    out there on using manual lawn mowers instead of automatic lawn
    mowers.
        Mr. Grumet. Senator, I think----
        Senator Inhofe. A groundswell of volunteers.
        Mr. Grumet. I guess, you know, it depends on what kind of
    yard you have. Where I live in Boston, people have yards
    somewhat smaller than the horseshoe right here.
        Senator Inhofe. And instead of watching the World Series at
    night, you think they want to go out and gas their cars.
        Mr. Grumet. I guess, Senator, the issue--and I think you're
    talking it out of context, which I object to. The point is that
    we're trying to give people information and we were trying to
    explain to the TV audience what kinds of actions individuals
    could take of their own volition if they, in fact, cared enough
    to try to reduce their pollution. And these proposed----
        Senator Inhofe. That's clear. I understand what you're
    saying, Mr. Grumet.
        Mr. Grumet. I have no idea how many people would choose to
    take those options. Probably few.
        Senator Inhofe. Yes. Dr. Thurston, you testified before--
    and I really appreciate your coming back. One thing that has
    come from your testimony is that not only do scientists
    disagree occasionally, but so do doctors. And you might
    remember that--I think you were here at our first scientific
    hearing, which was in February. Later on in April, Dr.
    Christopher Grand, an emergency room doctor, talked about how
    much more cost-effective in saving actual lives it would be to
    invest a fraction of the ozone PM costs into trauma care. Since
    then we have statistics--and he sent us these statistics--the
    flu vaccine for all citizens would be approximately $140 per
    life saved; a mammogram for women over 50, $810 per life saved;
    pneumonia vaccine for elderly, $2,000 per life saved. And then,
    compared to the PM ozone, based on EPA's estimate, which is
    dramatically different than some of the others we have, it
    would be $533,000 per life saved. Based on the Reason
    Foundation out in California that I referred to earlier, it
    would be $10 million per life saved.
        Do you think this is a good use of their funds.
        Mr. Thurston. I'm glad you bring this up, because I think
    that that's a specious argument that has been made quite a bit
    up here in Washington.
        The fact is that if we were to say we don't want to clean
    up the air, we won't make utilities put scrubbers on, I don't
    think they would take that money and donate it to hospitals so
    they could set up units like that.
        The fact is that they're a separate thing, and I think
    that's a specious argument. In other words, it's not a trade-
    off of one versus the other at all; the question is whether to
    go forward and clean up the air and get the benefits that those
    offer or not.
        Senator Inhofe. What I'm trying to get to--and it seems as
    if it's not just when we're talking about clean air, but the
    same is true with endangered species, superfund, wetlands, kind
    of a cost/benefit analysis is something that I think should be
    somewhere induced into this thing.
        It may be true that that money wouldn't be spent, but when
    Dr. Grant was asked that same question he responded that, as an
    emergency room doctor, he has a whole host of drugs that worked
    that he needs more funds for trauma centers. And I think we'd
    probably agree with that.
        Mr. Thurston. Well, there is a cost benefit. I mean, the
    RIA looks at the cost and it looks at the benefits, and
    obviously there are lots of benefits which are not monetized on
    that. EPA has had cases where it has over-estimated the cost. I
    think the one that was being mentioned before, the scrubbers,
    as I recall, EPA estimated much higher cost for the acid rain
    cleanup than the less than $100 that a ton of SO2 is trading
    for today. So that's a case where not only industry but EPA
    also, as I recall, over-estimated the cost. So there are these
    cost/benefit analyses that are done as part of the regulatory
    process.
        Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Dr. Thurston.
        Mr. Smith, you have your attorney with you. Mr. Daskel is
    it.
        Mr. Smith. Yes, sir.
        Mr. Daskel. Yes, sir.
        Senator Inhofe. Mr. Daskel, you may want to answer this
    question. You'd probably be a little bit more familiar with it
    than Mr. Smith would. I'm interested in your lawsuit under the
    10th Amendment. Am I correct? And would you explain what that
    is.
        Mr. Daskel. Yes, sir. The 10th Amendment fundamentally
    guarantees State sovereignty, and under the Supreme Court's
    decision back in July striking down the pre-notice--the
    background check provisions of the Brady bill, the Supreme
    Court found that the provisions were Constitutionally invalid
    because they effectively commandeered the regulatory apparatus
    of the States. States were forced to pass legislation,
    implement regulations, and enforce them, essentially dancing to
    the strings of a Federal puppeteer, as some of the language of
    the opinion.
        In the opinion they talked about Federal--the IM
    requirements, which are one of the mandatory strategies under
    the Clean Air Act, and the court noted that it was fortunate
    for EPA that the IM cases of the late 1970's did not reach the
    high court because they would have invalidated those control
    measures, as well.
        Now, it is our position that, because the Clean Air Act
    mandates that once an area reaches a given area of
    nonattainment, certain controls are triggered as a matter of
    law. There is no flexibility. For example, in our industry we
    have to sell reformulated gasoline, we have to install stage
    two vapor recovery, even though you're controlling the same
    emissions now through on-board vehicle canisters. We have to do
    enhanced IM. And that forces the States to do exactly the same
    thing. The States have no choice but to pass legislation, adopt
    regulations, and implement and enforce those regulations
    against noncomplying parties, all to the strings of EPA.
        And I think what--my issue with Senator Baucus' remarks was
    that he was talking primarily in the context of
    PM2.5 versus ozone, and legally they are two
    entirely different things, although I could certainly conceive
    of a way down the road apiece where, if I see that a control
    measure is going to--it's reasonably foreseeable that a given
    control measure is going to be needed to control
    PM2.5, that I could bring a citizen suit and enforce
    it, and that's one of our concerns.
        We talked about the process. And, with ozone, in
    particular, what really concerns us is that you're talking
    about rewriting the entire classification scheme of the Clean
    Air Act. I mean, EPA has got to talk about areas of influence
    and areas of violation. And while we were up here, I brought my
    Montana folks in to see Senator Baucus, himself, on occasions
    on this issue.
        You had the bill out of this committee, S. 1630, that had a
    very different classification scheme than the three House
    bills, and then the House bill that was ultimately enacted.
        What concerns us about the process is this grab that EPA
    can rewrite a classification scheme that was bitterly fought
    over between the two houses of Congress. That's one of the--I
    mean, as my friend, Mr. Smith, wanted to say, we elected you
    folks to make these decisions, not to hand them off to EPA.
        Senator Inhofe. Since we're speaking to an attorney here,
    let me ask if you've given some thought to potential lawsuits
    that could be brought by adopting a standard today that would
    not be implemented for 6 years in the case of ozone or 9 years
    in the case of PM, that, in fact, it's a double standard. What
    would be the legal ramifications of that, or have you given any
    thought to that.
        Mr. Daskel. I really--in other words, that the agency has
    essentially violated a duty by adopting a standard but by
    putting the implementation off into the future.
        Senator Inhofe. Yes. That has been the concern of a lot of
    people, the unpredictability. I think Mr. Sharp would agree
    that the fact that you can't predict into the future--and Mr.
    Abbott, also, because this is something that you make
    preparations for, as you pointed out. You spend a lot of money
    to do that, and then you find that maybe a lawsuit could come
    along and say, ``Wait a minute. You say you're not going to
    lower those standards, whether you're talking about ozone or
    PM, for a period of 6 years, and yet you've already adopted the
    standards, therefore you don't know when these standards could
    come down on you and how to prepare for them.'' The same would
    go for you, Mr. Martin. That's a concern I have. Am I correct
    in the fact that it's the nonpredictability that is probably
    one of the greatest problems here.
        Mr. Grumet. Senator, could I comment for one moment.
        Senator Inhofe. Yes. Of course.
        Mr. Grumet. Whatever the lawyers or judges decide, there
    are just some absolute realities. You need time to set up the
    monitoring network. That's going to take about 2 years. You
    need time to monitor, since the Act requires 3 years of data.
    That's 3 years. My States have to develop the implementation
    plans. Those take public hearings and State legislation. No
    matter what the courts say, lawyers can't make us do the
    impossible.
        Senator Inhofe. We're almost out of time here. I just want
    to cover a couple of things. One is that Senator Baucus made a
    comment that Administrator Browner was not a part of this
    panel. I can assure you Administrator Browner has been in many,
    many panels before my committee, as well as others. She said,
    when she testified, she's testified over 20 times on this
    issue. In our seven hearings, one was devoted entirely to her,
    and the other devoted entirely to her assistant, Mary Nickles.
    And earlier this month Carol Browner testified in the House
    committee on the House companion bill, which is House bill
    1984. So certainly it was not an effort to exclude her from
    testifying. She's very gifted, and she also has a talent of
    consuming time.
        And I think that there is something that I would like to
    invite all of you to read. It's the current edition of ``Forbes
    Magazine.'' It's entitled, ``Watch out for this Woman.'' I
    won't go into it, but if you'd like to read that you might find
    it to be of some interest. And you also might--it might be more
    revealing and maybe answer the question that so many people
    have asked me, ``Why is it, if there is no scientific
    justification for imposing such hardships and overregulation on
    the American people, all the way from the farmer to the union
    member to the entrepreneurs, why would she want to do this?'' I
    think that answers the question.
        I would like to--I know we have to conclude this, because
    we have to give up the room, but I hope that everyone who is--
    and if there are any responses to this, I'd be glad to hear
    from any member of the panel. But when we talk about the
    premature deaths, that is really a great disservice to the
    American people, implying that people are going to die.
        I remember when we had one of our hearings here, and I
    asked the definition of what constitutes a premature death, and
    I don't remember if any of you--I don't think any of you were
    on that particular panel. And when they described it, I told
    the story of my very dear mother-in-law, who on New Year's Day
    of this year died at age 95, and it was really a blessing that
    it came at a time that it was the appropriate time. However,
    she would have fit in the category of premature deaths as
    defined before this panel.
        And then, when you go from 60,000 premature deaths down to
    20, down to 15, down to 5, down to 1,000, it's a moving target.
    It's kind of like the amount of money. They said it's only
    going to cost $8 billion a year, and yet the President's own
    Economic Advisory Council said it's going to be $60 billion a
    year. And, as we have talked about, many of the foundations
    around say it is going to be somewhere between $90 and $150
    million a year. We've put that to an average family of four,
    Mr. Abbott, to be around $1,700 a family. I don't know how many
    of your union members want to incur that kind of a financial
    hardship.
        So I do appreciate very much having this panel. We do feel
    very enthusiastic about doing something with this bill. I
    disagree with your comments about the bill. It's not a matter
    of just doing nothing. As Senator Baucus said, we want to
    outline a system to put something in place so that we would be
    able to predict that there is going to be proper scientific
    input on not just this change that is being advocated by the
    EPA and the Administration, but also any future changes insofar
    as the clean air is concerned. And I think that's very
    reasonable.
        It is my intention, I can announce to you, that even though
    I don't think we do have the votes to pass Senate bill 1084 and
    they do have the votes to pass in the House the House bill
    1984, I doubt if we would have the votes to override a veto. It
    is my intention to go ahead and try to put this on as an
    amendment, for example, in the ISTEA bill that's before us
    right now. I'm not sure we're going to get to it, but I have an
    amendment already drafted that is this particular bill, because
    it is appropriate to be on the intermodal transportation
    reauthorization bill, as well as perhaps fast track, if that
    should come along.
        So I appreciate the input that we've received from all of
    you, and I appreciate the time that you have devoted to this,
    and we are now adjourned.
        [Whereupon, at 11:28 a.m., the subcommittee was adjourned,
    to reconvene at the call of the Chair.]
        [The introduced bill, S. 1084, and additional statements
    submitted for the record follow.]

    Prepared Statement of Hon. James M. Inhofe, U.S. Senator from the State
                                  of Oklahoma
        Today's hearing will examine the Breaux/Inhofe Bill, S. 1084 the
    ``Ozone and Particulate Matter Research Act of 1997.'' This legislation
    was introduced as a result of the new clean air standards for ozone and
    particulate matter promulgated by the EPA on July 17. This bill is a
    companion bill to H.R. 1984 introduced by Congressmen Klink and Upton
    and supported by Commerce Chairman Bliley and ranking member John
    Dingell.
        Senator Breaux and I felt it necessary to introduce this
    legislation because the EPA ignored the tremendous opposition to these
    new standards. Those opposed to the standards include everyone from:
    Governors
    U.S. Conference of Mayors
    National League of Cities
    National Association County Officials
    National Conference of State Legislators
    Local government officials
    Agriculture Community (including:)
        Farm Bureau
        Farmers Union
        Cattlemen
        American Corn Growers
    Small Business Community (including:)
        NFIB
        U.S. Chamber of Commerce
        Black Chamber of Commerce
        Small Business Survival Committee
    A Number of State Environmental Directors (including):
        Montana
        Michigan
        Louisiana
        Alabama
        Nebraska
        Mississippi
        Idaho
        Ohio
        Oklahoma
        Kentucky
        South Carolina
        Tennessee
        Virginia
        In total, there have been over 3,200 letters resolutions and
    comments expressing concern with these standards. While I don't want to
    take the time to read the names of all of the organizations who sent
    these letters, I will distribute copies of an index to these letters to
    the members of the Committee and enter the index into the record.
        In addition, a number of organizations have written in support of
    the legislation being considered today and they include:
        U. S. Chamber of Commerce
        Grocery Manufacturers Association
        Steel Manufacturers Association
        American Trucking Associations
        National Federation of Independent Business
        National Indian Business Association
        National Food Processors Association
        National Restaurant Association and the 1995 White House Conference
        on Small Business Environmental Implementation Chairs
        I would also like to introduce these letters into the record
    showing more than 30 organizations supporting the Breaux/Inhofe Bill.
        The House version currently has 191 cosponsors and the Senate Bill
    has a bipartisan list of 9 cosponsors. The cosponsors are:
        Kempthorne
        Ford
        Hagel
        Byrd
        Hutchison
        Hollings
        Phil Gramm
        And I am pleased that yesterday we added an additional 12
    cosponsors to the bill:
        Landrieu
        Cochran
        Sessions
        Tim Hutchinson
        Murkowski
        Ashcroft
        DeWine
        Hatch
        Shelby
        Enzi
        Thomas
        Roberts
        Before we get to the testimony of today's panel, I would like to
    briefly outline the bill.
        The bill establishes an independent panel to be convened by the
    National Academy of Sciences to prioritize the research needs on the
    health effects of particulate matter. This step will help bring
    consensus to any new standards proposed by the EPA in the future. In
    coming out with the recent standards the EPA relied on epidemiological
    studies and research performed by former EPA employees. The National
    Academy of Sciences will help restore credibility to the process.
        Next, in order to ensure that the Federal dollars are spent on the
    research priorities of the independent panel, the legislation
    establishes a Particulate Matter Interagency Committee to coordinate
    the activities of the Federal agencies engaged in particulate matter
    research. This committee will be composed of 8 different Agencies and
    Departments.
        The EPA will use this research in addition to private research to
    review the air quality criteria through the Clean Air Science Advisory
    Committee (CASAC). This review must be completed no earlier than 4
    years after the enactment of this Act.
        In addition to the science research, the EPA is authorized to
    require State implementation plans in order to establish a particulate
    matter monitoring program.
        During this research and monitoring period, the original standards
    for ozone and particulate matter will be reinstated and shall not be
    revised until the scientific review is completed.
        The legislation also directs the National Institute of Health to
    begin a research program to study the health effects of allergens on
    asthmatics, particularly in regard to urban inner cities. One of the
    biggest holes in the EPA's proposal was identifying the true causes of
    respiratory problems in inner city children.
        Finally, the legislation authorizes $100,000,000 to carry out the
    provisions with $25,000,000 of that sum set aside for the ozone
    research provision.
        This plan follows the advice of three of the four past CASAC
    chairs, it concentrates on understanding the science. For the farmers,
    the small businessmen, the unions, and the mayors and Governors; it
    provides continuity. Today they are concerned about the EPA's
    implementation schedule. They realize it can be challenged and thrown
    out by the courts and they need stability while they try to implement
    the 1990 amendments.
        I would like to remind everyone what Mary Nichols, the former EPA
    Assistant Administrator for Air said at our last hearing. ``Under the
    President's implementation schedule, the new standards will not save
    any lives over the next 5 years.''
        Therefore, the Breaux/Inhofe bill will provide the necessary
    research, monitoring, and stability for the American people without
    endangering any lives.
                                   __________

                                   ATTACHMENT

      list of letters, resolutions, and comments expressing concern about
                              changes to the naaqs
        State legislative resolutions
    Alabama House Resolution (4/16/96)
        *Alabama Senate Joint Resolution (SJR 77) (3/13/97)
        *Arkansas House Resolution (HR 1011) (2/21/97)
        *Arkansas Senate Resolution (SR 7) (3/10/97)
        *Colorado Senate Joint Resolution (SJR 34) (no date)
        Delaware Senate Resolution--Delaware House concurs (5/9/96)
        *Delaware House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 5) (1/29/97)
        *Delaware House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 42) (1/30/97)
        Florida House Resolution (HB 1927) (no date)
        *Georgia House Resolution (HR 379) (3/13/97)
        *Georgia Senate Resolution (SR 278) (3/17/97)
        *Idaho House Joint Memorial (HJM 7) (3/18/97)
        Illinois House Resolution (5/2/96)
        Illinois Senate Resolution (5/2/96)
        *Indiana Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 30) (1997)
        *Iowa Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 12) (no date)
        *Iowa House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 8) (no date)
        *Kansas Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 1608)
        *Interim Joint Committee on Agriculture and Natural
        Resources of the Commonwealth of Kentucky (no date)
        *Michigan House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 11) (3/12/97)
        *Michigan House Resolution (HR 13) (2/26/97)
        *Michigan Senate resolution (SR 22) (2/27/97)
        *Mississippi Senate resolution (SCR 577) (3/25/97)
        *Missouri House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 23) (3/6/97)
        *Missouri Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 12) (2/25/97)
        Ohio Resolution--passed both Houses of Legislature (11/14/
        96)
        *Ohio Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 2)
        *Ohio House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 8)
        *Ohio House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 9)
        *Ohio House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 10)
        *Oklahoma House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 1007)
        Rhode Island Senate Resolution (4/11/96)
        *Rhode Island Senate resolution (3/4/97)
        South Carolina Resolution--passed both the House and Senate
        (4/18/96)
        *South Carolina Senate Resolution (SB 814) (4/22/97)
        *South Dakota Concurrent Resolution (SCR 4) (2/28/97)
        Tennessee House Resolution (4/3/96)
        *Utah Senate Joint Resolution (SJR 12)
        *West Virginia House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 7) (2/26/
        97)
                                   __________
    Letters from Governors
        *Arizona Governor Fife Symington to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
        *Arizona Governor Fife Symington to President Clinton (6/
        12/97)
        *Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee to Carol Browner (3/3/97)
        *Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee to President Clinton (5/
        16/97)
        Arkansas Governor Jim Guy Tucker to Carol Browner and OMB
        (4/9/96)
        *Delaware Governor Thomas Carper to Mary Nichols (3/12/97)
        Florida Governor Lawton Chiles to Carol Browner (5/7/96)
        *Florida Governor Lawton Chiles to Carol Browner (1/8/97)
        Georgia Governor Zell Miller to President Clinton (9/19/96)
        Illinois Governor Jim Edgar to Carol Browner (5/2/96)
        Indiana Governor Evan Bayh to Carol Browner (7/16/96)
        *Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
        *Kansas Governor Bill Graves to Carol Browner (3/11/97)
        Kentucky Governor Paul Patton to Carol Browner (5/23/96)
        Kentucky Governor Paul Patton to President Clinton (6/12/
        96)
        Louisiana Governor Mike Foster to Carol Browner (5/23/96)
        *Louisiana Governor Mike Foster to Carol Browner (3/11/97)
        Michigan Governor John Engler to Carol Browner (6/12/96)
        *Michigan Governor Engler to his colleagues at the NGA
        meeting (2/2/97)
        Mississippi Governor Kirk Fordice to Carol Browner (7/2/96)
        Missouri Governor Mel Carnahan to Carol Browner (9/24/96)
        *Montana Governor Marc Racicot (3/11/97)
        *North Carolina Governor James Hunt to Carol Browner (3/11/
        97)
        *North Dakota Governor Ed Schafer to Carol Browner (3/10/
        97)
        *North Dakota Governor Ed Schafer to U.S. Senator Kent
        Conrad (D-ND) (9/12/97)
        *North Dakota Governor Ed Schafer to U.S. Representative
        Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (6/10/97)
        Ohio Governor George Voinovich to Carol Browner (5/3/96)
        Ohio Governor George Voinovich to Carol Browner (11/25/96)
        Ohio Governor George Voinovich to Carol Browner (no date)
        *Ohio Governor Voinovich to Carol Browner (3/10/97)
        *Joint letter from Ohio Governor Voinovich, the Speaker of
        the Ohio House, and the President of the Ohio Senate to Senator
        Chafee (1/7/97)
        *Ohio Governor Voinovich and Lieutenant Governor Hollister
        to all Ohio mayors and county commissioners impacted by the
        proposed NAAQS revisions (1/13/97)
        *Ohio Governor Voinovich to U.S. Representative Sherrod
        Brown (D-OH) (7/23/97)
        *Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
        South Carolina Governor David Beasley to Carol Browner (5/
        7/96)
        *South Carolina Governor David Beasley to Carol Browner (3/
        7/97)
        *Tennessee Governor Don Sundquist to Carol Browner (1/13/
        97)
        *Texas Governor George W. Bush to Carol Browner (3/11/97)
        Utah Governor Michael Leavitt to Carol Browner (7/12/96)
        Virginia Governor George Allen to Carol Browner (9/13/96)
        Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson to Carol Browner (5/23/
        96)
        *Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson to Carol Browner (3/12/
        97)
        *Wisconsin Governor Tommy G. Thompson to President Clinton
        (5/22/97)
        *Wyoming Governor Jim Geringer to North Dakota Governor Ed
        Schafer (12/19/96)
        *Wyoming Governor Jim Geringer to Carol Browner (3/6/97)
        Letter signed by New Jersey Governor Christine Whitman and
        Nebraska Governor Benjamin Nelson (Chair and Vice Chair of the NGA
        Committee on Natural Resources) to Carol Browner (8/27/96)
        *Western Governors' Association letter signed by four
        Governors: Nelson (NE), Schafer (ND), Leavitt (UT), and Miller (NV)
        (5/9/97)
                                   __________
    Letters from members of the Clinton Administration
        Jere Glover (U.S. Small Business Administration) to Carol
        Browner (11/18/96)
        *White House Conference on Small Business to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Department of the Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force
        Base Ohio (2/11/97)
        *U.S. Department of Defense comments (3/12/97)
        *U.S. Department of Agriculture to EPA (3/31/97)
        *U.S. Department of Agriculture Air Quality Task Force to
        USDA Secretary Dan Glickman (3/10/97)
        *U.S. Department of Energy (3/97)
        U.S. Department of Transportation to Sally Katzen, OMB (11/
        20/96)
        *Memo from Alicia H. Munnell, Executive Office of the
        President, Council of Economic Advisors to Sally Katzen, OMB (12/
        10/96)
        *Memo from Alicia Munnell to Art Fraas, OMB (12/13/96)
                                   __________
    Public policy group resolutions
        National Association of Counties (NACo) resolution (7/14/
        96) *National Association of Counties (NACo) resolution (3/2/97)
        Policy Statement (Resolution) adopted by the Energy Council
        (the Energy Council is an organization of elected state legislators
        from ten energy producing states and the province of Alberta. The
        member states are AK, WY, CO, NM, TX, OK, AR, LA, MS, and AL.) (6/
        18/96)
        *Policy statement (resolution) adopted by the Energy
        Council (3/2/97)
        ALEC Resolution (11/19/96)
        Western States Coalition Resolution (11/17/96)
        *Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC)
        resolution (12/10/96)
        *Council of State Governments (CSG) resolution (12/96)
        *Midwestern Legislative Conference of the Council of State
        Governments (7/13-16)
        *National League of Cities resolution (12/96)
        *National League of Cities resolution (7/11/97)
        *Western Governor's Association resolution (1/22/97)
        *National Governors' Association resolution (2/4/97)
        *National Conference of Black Mayors (NCBM) (4/25/97)
        *National Council of Elected County Executives (NCECE) (5/
        9/97)
        *Midwestern Governors' Conference (6/9/97)
        *U.S. Conference of Mayors (6/24/97)
                                   __________
    Letters from public policy groups
        *Representatives of several public policy groups (CSG,
        International City/County Management Association, NACo, NCSL, NGA,
        National League of Cities, United States Conference of Mayors) (12/
        19/96)
        Executive Director of the American Legislative Exchange
        Council (ALEC) (5/17/96)
        *Western Governors' Association to U.S. Senators Inhofe (R-
        OK) and Graham (D-FL) (3/3/97)
        Energy Council (organization of legislators from ten
        energy-producing states and a Canadian Province to U.S. Senator
        James Inhofe (R-OK)
        Letter from the Republican Governors Association (went to
        Browner and Nichols) (11/26/97)
        *Joint letter from the National Association of Counties
        (NACo) and the National League of Cities (3/12/97)
        *Letter from the Executive Director of the National Council
        of Elected County Executives to President Clinton (no date)
        *Letter and materials distributed by Paul Helmke, Mayor of
        Fort Wayne, Indiana and President of the U.S. Conference of Mayors,
        to mayors nationwide (Aug., 1997)
                                   __________
    Letters from members of the U.S. Congress
        *U.S. Representatives John Dingell (D-MI) and Ron Klink (D-
        PA) to Mayor Daley (Chicago), President of the U.S. Conference of
        Mayors (6/20/97)
        *Joint letter from conservative Democrats (referred to as
        Blue Dog Democrats) to President Clinton (4/30/97)
        *Joint letter from 42 House Democrats (previously referred
        to as the ``Dingell letter'' to President Clinton (4/24/97)
        *Joint letter co-signed by 114 House members (the ``Boucher
        letter'') to President Clinton (4/22/97)
        *Letter from members of the U.S. House Committee on
        Agriculture to Carol Browner (5/9/97)
        *Letter co-signed by 35 members of the U.S. Senate (the
        ``Inhofe letter'') to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Joint letter from 8 House members to Speaker Gingrich (R-
        GA) and Minority Leader Richard Gephardt (D-MO) (4/23/97)
        Eight U.S. Senators (James Inhofe (R-OK), Don Nickles (R-
        OK), Dirk Kempthorne (R-ID), John Warner (R-VA), Kit Bond (R-MO),
        Larry Craig (R-ID), Robert Bennett (R-UT), Craig Thomas (R-WY)) to
        Carol Browner (10/9/96)
        *Letter from members of the U.S. Senate Committee on
        Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry to Carol Browner (6/9/97)
        *Five Democratic U.S. Senators (Robert Byrd (D-WV), John
        Glenn (D-OH), Jay Rockefeller (D-WV), Wendell Ford (D-KY), Chuck
        Robb (D-VA)) to Carol Browner (3/4/97)
        *U.S. Senator Kit Bond (R-MO) and Dale Bumpers (D-AR) to
        Carol Browner (1/7/97)
        *U.S. Representatives John Dingell (D-MI) and Sherrod Brown
        (D-OH) (2/25/97)
        Alabama Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (8/
        23/96)
        *Alabama Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (4/
        18/97)
        *Joint letter from U.S. Reps. Bud Cramer (D-AL), Spencer
        Bachus (R-AL), and Sonny Callahan (R-AL) to Carol Browner and U.S.
        Secretary of Transportation Rodney Slater (4/1/97)
        *Arkansas Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (5/
        13/97)
        *Opening statement of U.S. Senator Tim Hutchinson (R-AR)
        before the Senate Env. and Public Works Subcommittee on Clean Air,
        Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety (3/3/97)
        *U.S. Representative Gary Condit (D-CA) to Carol Browner
        (3/7/97)
        *U.S. Representative Jerry Lewis (R-CA) to Carol Browner
        (2/11/97)
        U.S. Representative Michael Castle (R-DE) to Carol Browner
        (6/20/96)
        *Florida Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (5/
        7/97)
        *U.S. Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) to Carol
        Browner (1/10/97)
        *U.S. Representative Robert Wexler (D-FL) to Carol Browner
        (5/2/97)
        *Georgia Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner (2/25/
        97)
        *Illinois Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner (4/11/
        97)
        U.S. Representative Lane Evans (D-IL) to Carol Browner (5/
        8/96)
        *Indiana Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (5/
        6/97)
        U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to Carol Browner
        (10/29/96)
        U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to President
        Clinton (11/18/96)
        U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to Michael Kantor,
        Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce (11/26/96)
        U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to Franklin Raines,
        OMB (11/26/96)
        *U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to Michael Kantor,
        Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce (1/8/97)
        *U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) William Daley,
        Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce (3/13/97)
        U.S. Representative John Hostettler (R-IN) to Carol Browner
        (2/25/97)
        *U.S. Representative David McIntosh (R-IN) to Carol Browner
        (1/24/97)
        *U.S. Representative Mark Souder (R-IN) to Carol Browner
        (2/14/97)
        *Kentucky Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner (3/20/
        97)
        *U.S. Representative Richard Hugh Baker (R-LA) to Carol
        Browner (2/13/97)
        Five U.S. Representatives from (MI) to Bill Clinton (11/26/
        96)
        *U.S. Representative John Dingell (D-MI) to Carol Browner
        (12/13/96)
        *U.S. Representative John Dingell (D-MI) to his colleagues
        (7/15/97)
        *U.S. Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) to Carol Browner
        (3/13/97)
        *U. S. Representative Carolyn C. Kilpatrick (D-MI) to
        President Clinton (6/24/97)
        U.S. Representative Pat Danner (D-MO) to President Clinton
        (10/23/96)
        *U.S. Representative Jo Ann Emerson (R-MO) to Carol Browner
        (2/7/97)
        *Joint letter from U.S. Representatives Karen McCarthy (D-
        MO), Ike Skelton (D-MO), and U.S. Senator John Ashcroft (R-MO) to
        Carol Browner (3/12/97)
        *U.S. Senator Pete Domenici (R-NM) to President Clinton (2/
        6/97)
        *U.S. Senator Pete Domenici (R-NM) to Carol Browner (2/6/
        97)
        *U.S. Representative James Walsh (R-NY) to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *North Carolina Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner
        (5/15/97)
        *U.S. Representative Howard Coble (R-NC) to EPA (2/18/97)
        *U.S. Representative Sue Myrick (R-NC) to Lyons Gray, NC
        Gen. Assembly (5/27/97)
        *U.S. Representative Mike McIntyre (D-NC) to Lyons Gray, NC
        Gen. Assembly (5/29/97)
        *U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth (R-NC) to NC state
        representative Timothy Tallent (3/19/97)
        *U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth (R-NC) to NC state
        representative Frank Mitchell (3/19/97)
        *U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth (R-NC) to NC state senator
        R.L. Martin (3/13/97)
        *U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth (R-NC) to NC state
        Representative Lyons Gray (5/9/97)
        *U.S. Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) to NC state
        Representative Lyons Gray (5/7/97)
        *U.S. Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) to NC Rep.
        Richard Conder (5/5/97)
        *U.S. Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) to NC State
        Representative Lyons Gray (6/12/97)
        *U.S. Representative Cass Ballenger (R-NC) to NC state
        representative Frank Mitchell (3/20/97)
        *U.S. Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) to NC state
        representative Richard Conder (4/17/97)
        *U.S. Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) to Carol Browner
        (6/17/97)
        *U.S. Representative Bill Hefner (D-NC) to NC state Senator
        Richard Condor, Majority Leader (4/30/97)
        *U.S. Representative Bill Hefner (D-NC) to NC Rep. Mia
        Morris (5/14/97)
        *U.S. Representative Walter Jones (R-NC) to NC State
        Representative Lyons Gray (6/6/97)
        *U.S. Representative David Price (D-NC) to NC state Senator
        Richard Condor, Majority Leader (4/28/97)
        *U.S. Representative David Price (D-NC) to Lyons Gray, NC
        Gen. Assembly (5/9/97)
        *Letter from 17 of 21 members of the OH Congressional
        Delegation (including 5 democrats) to Carol Browner (2/26/97)
        *U.S Representative Paul Gillmor (R-OH) to Carol Browner
        (1/16/97)
        *U.S. Representative Ted Strickland (D-OH) to Carol Browner
        (2/26/97)
        *U.S. Representative Robert Ney (R-OH) to Carol Browner
        (12/16/96)
        *U.S. Representative Bob Ney (R-OH) to Carol Browner (2/6/
        97)
        *U.S. Representative Bob Ney (R-OH) to Carol Browner (2/20/
        97)
        *U.S. Representative Bob Ney (R-OH) to Carol Browner (7/15/
        97)
        *U.S. Representative J.C. Watts, Jr. (R-OK) to Carol
        Browner (2/13/97)
        U.S. Representative Mike Doyle (D-PA) to Carol Browner (11/
        22/96)
        *U.S. Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA) to Carol Browner (3/12/
        97)
        *U.S. Representative Joseph Pitts (R-PA) (2/25/97)
        *U.S. Representative Joseph Pitts (R-PA) to U.S.
        Representative Thomas Bliley (R-VA) (2/25/97)
        *U.S. Senator John Chafee (R-RI) to Carol Browner (4/16/97)
        *South Carolina Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner
        (6/6/97)
        U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond (R-SC) to Robert Hickmott (EPA)
        (5/16/96)
        *U.S. Representative John Thune (R-SD) (3/11/97)
        *U.S. Representative John Thune (R-SD) to Sally Katzen, OMB
        (5/8/97)
        *U.S. Representative John Thune (R-SD) to Kathleen McGinty,
        Council on Environmental Quality (5/8/97)
        *U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (5/28/97)
        *U.S. Representative Ed Bryant (R-TN) to Carol Browner (2/
        25/97)
        *U.S. Representative John Duncan (R-TN) to Carol Browner
        (12/16/97)
        *U.S. Representative John Duncan (R-TN) to Carol Browner
        (1/24/97)
        *U.S. Representative John Duncan (R-TN) to Carol Browner
        (2/14/97)
        *U.S. Representative Van Hilleary (R-TN) to Carol Browner
        (1/20/97)
        *Texas Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner (4/17/97)
        *Joint letter from U.S. Representatives Kenneth Bentsen (D-
        TX) and Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX) to Carol Browner (4/17/97)
        *U.S. Representative Martin Frost (D-TX) to Carol Browner
        (3/11/97)
        *U.S. Representative Kay Granger (R-TX) to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX) to Carol Browner
        (8/2/96)
        *U.S. Representative Max Sandlin (D-TX) to Carol Browner
        (3/4/97)
        U.S. Representative Frank Tejeda (D-TX) to Carol Browner
        (8/21/96)
        *U.S. Representative Tom Bliley (R-VA) to Carol Browner (2/
        26/97)
        *U.S. Representative Thomas Bliley (R-VA) to Carol Browner
        (6/17/97)
        *U.S. Representative Tom Bliley (R-VA) to Carol Browner (2/
        3/97)
        U.S. Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV) to Lynne Ross (EPA) (6/14/
        96)
        U.S. Representative Alan Mollohan (D-WV) to Carol Browner
        (6/13/96)
        *U.S. Representative Bob Wise (D-WV) to Carol Browner (3/
        12/97)
        *U.S. Representative Mark Neumann (R-WI) to Carol Browner
        (6/20/97)
        Letters from state regulatory agencies
        *Letter from 13 environmental commissioners to U.S. Sens.
        Trent Lott (R-MS), Tom Daschle (D-SD), and U.S. Reps. Newt Gingrich
        (R-GA) and Richard Gephardt (D-MO) (7/21/97)
        *Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries (3/11/97)
        *Alabama Department of Environmental Management (3/12/97)
        *Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of
        Forestry to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
        *Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (3/11/97)
        *Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology (4/
        15/97)
        *Arkansas State Highway Commission (2/11/97)
        *Florida Department of Transportation (3/4/97)
        *Georgia Department of Natural Resources (3/11/97)
        *Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Division of
        Environmental Quality (3/10/97)
        *Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (3/10/97)
        *Illinois Department of Transportation (2/11/97)
        *Illinois Department of Transportation to President Clinton
        (6/2/97)
        *Indiana Department of Environmental Management
        Commissioner Michael O'Connor to Carol Browner (no date)
        *Indiana Department of Environmental Management to Carol
        Browner (7/8/97)
        *Iowa Department of Economic Development (3/10/97)
        *Kansas Department of Health and Environment (3/10/97)
        *Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
        Cabinet (3/12/97)
        *Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
        Cabinet Secretary Bickford to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (5/30/97)
        *Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality to EPA (3/
        11/97)
        *Michigan Department of Agriculture to EPA (1/15/97)
        *Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (3/10/97)
        *Michigan Department of Transportation (3/10/97)
        *Minnesota Department of Transportation (2/12/97)
        *Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (3/7/97)
        *Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality to Patricia
        Koman and David McKee, EPA (3/12/97)
        Letter from the Nevada Bureau of Air Quality Chief to the
        Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
        Administrator (11/13/96)
        *New Mexico Environment Department to Carol Browner (3/10/
        97)
        *Joint comments of the NC Secretary of Transportation,
        Secretary of Env. Health and Nat. Resources and Secretary of the
        Dept. of Commerce (3/12/97)
        *North Dakota Department of Labor Commissioner Craig Hagen
        to President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *North Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture James A. Graham
        to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Ohio Department of Development to Carol Browner (2/25/97)
        *Ohio Department of Health to Carol Browner (3/10/97)
        *Ohio Environmental Protection Agency--Don Schregardus (3/
        10/97)
        *Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (3/10/97)
        *Oklahoma Department of Transportation (3/12/97)
        *South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
        Control (3/10/97)
        *South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
        Control to U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (7/31/97)
        *South Carolina Department of Transportation (2/19/97)
        *South Carolina Department of Commerce to U.S. Senator
        Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (6/17/97)
        *South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural
        Resources (3/11/97)
        Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Environment and
        Conservation to Mary Nichols (5/16/96)
        Commissioner of the Texas Natural Resource Conservation
        Commission to Mary Nichols (7/19/96)
        *Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (3/10/97)
        *Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Environmental
        Quality (3/7/97)
        *Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Transportation (2/
        6/97)
        *West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of
        Highways (3/14/97)
        *West Virginia Division of Environmental Protection (3/11/
        97)
                                   __________
    Letters/comments from state senators and representatives
        *Alabama Caucus of House Democrats Chair, Mike Box to
        President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Alabama State Senator Pat Lindsey to President. Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        Alabama Speaker of the House James Clark (D-AL) (6/13/96)
        *Alabama State Representative James Clark (D-AL) to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Alabama State Representative Bill Fuller to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Alabama State Representative Blaine Galliher to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Alabama State Representative Seth Hammett to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Alabama State Representative Randy Hinshaw to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Alabama State Representative Ronald G. Johnson to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Alabama State Representative Neal Morrison to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Alabama State Representative Jack Page to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Arizona State Senator Scott Bundgaard to President Clinton
        (6/3/97)
        *Arizona State Senator Brenda Burns to President Clinton
        (6/18/97)
        *Arizona State Senator Edward Cirillo to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *Arizona State Senator Randall Gnant to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Arizona State Senator Thomas Patterson to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Arizona State Senator Marc Spitzer to President Clinton
        (6/12/97)
        *Arizona State Senator Carol Springer to President Clinton
        (6/11/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Don Aldridge to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Carolyn Allen to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Mark Anderson to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Bob Burns to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Mike Gardner to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Jeff Groscost to President
        Clinton (6/3//97)
        *Arizona State Representative Marilyn Jarrett to President.
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Karen Johnson to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Laura Knaperek to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Wes Marsh to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Jean Hough McGrath to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Robin Shaw to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Tom Smith to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Roberta Voss to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Arizona State Representative Barry Wong to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Arkansas State Senator Mike Bearden to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Arkansas State Senator Canada to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Arkansas State Senator Cliff Hoofman to President Clinton
        (6/4/97)
        *Arkansas State Senator Roy Lewellen to President Clinton
        (no date)
        Arkansas State Senator William Walker (D-AR) to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Arkansas State Representative M. Dee Bennett to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Pat Bond to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Michael Booker to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Irma Hunter Brown to
        President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Scott Ferguson (D-AR) (2/20/
        97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Scott Ferguson (D-AR) to
        President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Joe Harris to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Myra Jones to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Ben McGee to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Jacqueline J. Roberts to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Judy Smith to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Arkansas State Representative Wilma Walker to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *California State Assemblyman Steve Baldwin to U.S.
        Representative Brian Bilbray (R-CA) (no date)
        *California State Assemblyman Howard Kaloogian to U.S.
        Representative Brian Bilbray (R-CA) (no date)
        *California State Assemblyman Bernie Richter to U.S.
        Representative Vic Fazio (D-CA) (8/27/97)
        *Colorado State Senator Jim Congrove to President Clinton
        (6/23/97)
        *Colorado State Representative Barry Arrington to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Colorado State Representative Chuck Berry (R-CO) to
        President Clinton (12/9/96)
        *Colorado State Representative Doug Dean to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Colorado State Representative Carl Miller to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Colorado State Representative Mark Paschall to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Colorado (former) State Representative Eric Prionzler to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        Colorado State Representative Paul Schauer (R-CO) to
        President Clinton (11/26/96)
        *Delaware State Representative George Carey (R-DE) (1/30/
        97)
        *Joint letter from Delaware State Senator Harris McDowell
        (D-DE --Majority Whip) and state Representative Joseph DiPinto (R-
        DE) (3/12/97)
        *Florida State Senator Charlie Bronson to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *Florida State Senator Mario Diaz-Balart to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Florida State Senator John Grant to U.S. Representative
        Jim Davis (D-FL) (9/23/97)
        *Florida State Senator John Grant to U.S. Representative
        Karen Thurman (D-FL) (10/3/97)
        *Florida State Senator John Ostalkiewicz to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Florida Senate and House agriculture committees to Carol
        Browner (3/11/97). Letter signed by Sen. Charlie Bronson and Rep.
        ``Irlo'' Bud Bronson.
        *Florida State Representative George Albright to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Florida State Representative Joseph Arnall to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Florida State Representative Rudolph ``Rudy'' Bradley to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Florida State Representative Bob Brooks to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Florida State Representative Jerrold Burroughs to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Florida State Representative James Bush III to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Florida State Representative D. Lee Constantine to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Florida State Representative George Crady to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Florida State Representative Faye B. Culp to U.S.
        Representative Jim Davis (D-FL) (9/23/97)
        *Florida State Representative Willye F. Dennis to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Florida State Representative James Fuller to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Florida State Representative Howard Futch to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Florida State Representative Rodolfo ``Rudy'' Garcia to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Florida State Representative Harry C. Goode, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Florida State Representative John Morroni to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Florida State Representative Luis C. Morse to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Florida State Representative Bill Posey to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Florida State Representative Luis Rojas to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Florida State Representative R.Z. Sandy Safley to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Florida State Representative Jeff Stabins to U.S.
        Representative Cliff Stearns (R-FL) (10/10/97)
        *Florida State Representative Jeff Stabins to U.S.
        Representative Karen Thurman (D-FL) (10/10/97)
        *Florida State Representative Allen Trovillion to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Florida State Representative Earl Ziebarth to U.S.
        Representative Clifford Stearns (R-FL) (9/27/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Robert Brown to U.S. Senator Max
        Cleland (D-GA) (9/3/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Robert Brown to President Clinton
        (6/12/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Casey Cagle to U.S. Senator Max
        Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Casey Cagle to President Clinton (6/
        17/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Hugh M. Gillis, Sr. to U.S. Senator
        Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Pam Glanton to U. S. Senator Max
        Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Pam Glanton to President Clinton (6/
        19/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Floyd Griffin, Jr., to President.
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Floyd L. Griffin, Jr. to U.S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Steve Henson to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Donzella J. James to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Connie Stokes to U.S. Senator Max
        Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Connie Stokes to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Nadine Thomas to U.S. Senator Max
        Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Nadine Thomas to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *Georgia State Senator Steve Thompson to President Clinton
        (6/2/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Alberta Anderson to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Terry Barnard to U.S. Senator
        Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Terry Barnard to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Sharon Beasley-Teague to U.S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Sharon Beasley-Teague to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Jeffrey W. Brown to U. S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Jeffrey W. Brown to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Mark Burkhalter to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Mark Burkhalter to U. S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Tom Campbell to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Henrietta Canty to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Henrietta M. Canty to U.S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Grace W. Davis to U.S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Grace W. Davis to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Dorothy Felton to U. S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Representative David Lucas, Sr. to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Georgia State Representative June Hegstrom to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Henry Howard to U.S. Senator
        Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Henry Howard to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Newt Hudson to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Robert A. Irvin to U.S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Vermon Jones to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Vernon Jones to U.S. Senator
        Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Representative George Maddox to U.S. Senator
        Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
        *Georgia State Representative George Maddox to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Billy McKinney to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Barbara J. Mobley to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Lawrence Roberts to U.S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Lawrence Roberts to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Calvin Smyre to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Georgia State Representative LaNett Stanley to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Pamela A. Stanley to U.S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Henrietta Turnquest to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Henrietta E. Turnquest to
        U.S. Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Carl Von Epps to U.S. Senator
        Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
        *Georgia State Representative Carl Von Epps to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Illinois State Senator J. Bradley Burzynski to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Earlean Collins to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Illinois State Senator James DeLeo to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *Illinois State Senator James DeLeo to U.S. Senator Carol
        Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/26/97)
        *Illinois State Senator James DeLeo to U.S. Senator Richard
        Durbin (D-IL) (9/26/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Kirk W. Dillard to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Bruce Farley to President Clinton
        (5/30/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Beverly Fawell to President Clinton
        (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Jesus G. Garcia to President
        Clinton (5/31/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Denny Jacobs to U.S. Senator Carol
        Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/18/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Doris C. Karpiel to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Christopher Lauzen (R-IL) (1/13/97)
        *Illinois State Senator David Luechtefeld to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Illinois State Senator David Luechtefeld to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/8/97). Letter also sent to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL).
        *Illinois State Senator Terry Link to U.S. Senator Carol
        Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/18/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Terry Link to U.S. Senator Richard
        Durbin (D-IL) (8/18/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Terry Link to U.S. Representative
        John Edward Porter (R-IL) (9/4/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Terry Link to President Clinton (6/
        5/97)
        *Illinois State Senator William F. Mahar to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Senator John W. Maitland, Jr. to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Illinois State Senator John W. Maitland, Jr. to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/9/97)
        *Illinois State Senator John W. Maitland to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/9/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Robert Molaro to President Clinton
        (6/16/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Barack Obama to President Clinton
        (5/28/97)
        *Illinois State Senator William L. O'Daniel to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Illinois State Senator William L. O'Daniel to U.S. Senator
        Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Kathleen K. Parker to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Kathleen Parker to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin (D-IL) (8/27/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Kathleen K. Parker to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/27/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Kathleen K. Parker to U.S.
        Representative John Edward Porter (R-IL) (8/19/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Steven Rauschenberger to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Steven Rauschenberger to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/12/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Steven Rauschenberger to U.S.
        Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/12/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Jim Rea to President Clinton (6/13/
        97)
        *Illinois State Senator Penny Severns to U.S. Senator Carol
        Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/30/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Penny Severns to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin ( D-IL) (9/30/97)
        *Illinois State Senator William Shaw to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Dave Syverson to President. Clinton
        (6/11/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Louis S. Viverito to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin (D-IL) (8/22/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Louis S. Viverito to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/22/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Louis S. Viverito to President
        Clinton (6/15/97)
        *Illinois State Senator Frank Watson (R-IL) to Carol
        Browner (1/28/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Mike Boland to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Glenn E. Bradford to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Glenn E. Bradford to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/8/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Glenn E. Bradford to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/8/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Richard T. Bradley to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Richard T. Bradley to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL)
        *Illinois State Representative Richard T. Bradley to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (no date)
        *Illinois State Representative Richard T. Bradley to U.S.
        Representative Rod Blagojevich (D-IL) (no date)
        *Illinois State Representative James D. Brosnahan to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Robert J. Bugielski to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Robert J. Bugielski to U.S.
        Representative Rod Blagojevich (D-IL) (8/19/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Robert J. Bugielski to U.S.
        Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (8/19/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Robert J. Bugielski to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/19/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Daniel Burke to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Daniel J. Burke to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/5/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Daniel J. Burke to U.S.
        Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/5/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Ralph Capparelli to
        President. Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Ralph C. Capparelli to U. S.
        Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Ralph C. Capparelli to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Ralph C. Capparelli to U.S.
        Representative Rod R. Blagojevich (D-IL) (9/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Elizabeth Coulson to
        President Clinton (5/31/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Elizabeth Coulson to U. S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Elizabeth Coulson to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Elizabeth Coulson to U.S.
        Representative John Edward Porter (R-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative M. Maggie Crotty to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Julie Curry to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Julie A. Curry to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/8/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Julie A. Curry to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/8/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Thomas Dart to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Steve Davis to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Steve Davis to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (8/20/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Steve Davis to U.S. Senator
        Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (8/20/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Terry Deering to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative James B. Durkin to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Illinois State Representative Arline Fantin to President
        Clinton (5/31/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Arline M. Fantin to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/2/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Arline M. Fantin to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/2/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Sara Feigenholtz to
        President Clinton (5/29/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Mary Flowers to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Illinois State Representative John Fritchey to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Michael Giglio to President
        Clinton (5/30/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Calvin L. Giles to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Calvin Giles to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Calvin Giles to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Kurt Granberg to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Kurt Granberg to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/2/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Kurt Granberg to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/2/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Kurt Granberg to U.S.
        Representative Rod R. Blagojevich (D-IL) (9/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Gary Hannig to President
        Clinton (no date)
        Illinois State Representative Charles A. Hartke (D-IL) to
        Carol Browner (10/23/96)
        *Illinois State Representative Charles A. Hartke to Lynn
        Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (5/30/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Charles A. Hartke to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Charles A. Hartke to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Brent Hassert to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Illinois State Representative Thomas Holbrook to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Tom Holbrook to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (8/20/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Tom Holbrook to U.S. Senator
        Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Constance A. Howard to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Constance A. Howard to U.S.
        Carol Senator Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/2/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Constance A. Howard to U.S.
        Senator Richard J.Durbin (D-IL) (9/2/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Lou Jones to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Shirley M. Jones to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Howard Kenner to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/15/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Howard Kenner to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/15/97)
        *Illinois State Representative I. Ronald Lawfer to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Joseph Lyons to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Joseph Lyons to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/18/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Frank J. Mautino to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Frank J. Mautino to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/8/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Frank J. Mautino to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/8/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Kevin McCarthy to President
        Clinton (5/31/97)
        *Illinois State Representative John C. McGuire to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative John C. McGuire to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative John C. McGuire to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Larry McKeon to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Larry McKeon to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (no date)
        *Illinois State Representative Larry McKeon to U.S. Senator
        Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (no date)
        *Illinois State Representative Jerry Mitchell to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Jerry Mitchell to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Jerry Mitchell to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Jerry Mitchell to U.S.
        Representative Lane Evans (D-IL) (9/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Eugene Moore to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Charles G. Morrow III to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Harold Murphy to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Richard P. Myers to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Richard Myers to U.S.
        Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/15/97)
        *Illinois State Representative John Philip Novak to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Illinois State Representative John Phillip Novak to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/28/97)
        *Illinois State Representative John Phillip Novak to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (8/28/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Mary O'Brien to President
        Clinton (5/31/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Mary O'Brien to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/2/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Mary O'Brien to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/2/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Carole Pankau to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Illinois State Representative David Phelps to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Illinois State Representative David Phelps to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/18/97)
        *Illinois State Representative David Phelps to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin (D-IL) (8/19/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Coy Pugh to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Coy Pugh to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/30/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Coy Pugh to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/30/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Dan Reitz to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/11/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Dan Reitz to U.S. Senator
        Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/11/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Angelo Saviano to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/4/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Angelo Saviano to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/4/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Angelo Saviano to U.S.
        Representative Rod R. Blagojevich (D-IL) (9/4/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Jeffrey M. Schoenberg to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Jeffrey M. Schoenberg to
        U.S. Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Jeffrey M. Schoenberg to
        U.S. Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Jeffrey M. Schoenberg to
        U.S. Representative John Edward Porter (R-IL) (9/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Doug Scott to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Doug Scott to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/12/97). This letter was also sent to
        U.S. Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL).
        *Illinois State Representative Michael Smith to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Arthur L. Turner to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Arthur Turner to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (10/1/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Arthur Turner to U.S.
        Senator Richard Durbin ( D-IL) (10/1/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Ronald A. Wait to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Illinois State Representative David Winters to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Corrine Wood to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Larry D. Woolard to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Larry D. Woolard to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (8/29/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Larry D. Woolard to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/29/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Wyvetter H. Younge to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Wyvetter H. Younge to U.S.
        Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/11/97)
        *Illinois State Representative Wyvetter H. Younge to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/11/97)
        Indiana State Representative Ralph Foley (R-IN) (5/8/96)
        *Indiana State Representative Beverly J. Gard (IN) to Lynn
        Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
        *Iowa State Senator Merlin Bartz to President Clinton (6/
        13/97)
        *Iowa State Senate Majority Leader Stewart Iverson, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Iowa State Representative Michael Cataldo to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Iowa State Representative Dennis May to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *Iowa State Representative Christopher Rants to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Kansas State Senator Dick Bond to President Clinton (6/18/
        97)
        *Kansas State Senator Chris Steineger to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *Kansas State Representative David Adkins to President.
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Kansas State Representative Richard Alldrift to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Kansas State Representative Annie Kuether to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Kansas State Representative Bruce Larkin to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Kansas State Representative Laura McClure to President
        Clinton (6/14/97)
        *Kansas State Representative Tony Powell to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Kansas State Representative Doug Spangler to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Kansas State Representative Galen Weiland to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Louisiana State Senator Paulette Riley Irons to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Louisiana State Senator Paulette Irons to U.S.
        Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/11/97)
        *Louisiana State Representative Arthur A. Morrell to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Louisiana State Representative Arthur A. Morrell to U.S.
        Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *Louisiana State Representative Arthur A. Morrell to U.S.
        Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *Maine State Senator Jane Amero to President Clinton (6/4/
        97)
        *Maine State Senator Richard A. Bennett to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Maine State Senator Jeffrey H. Butland to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Maine State Senator R. Leo Kleffer to President Clinton
        (6/7/97)
        *Maine State Senator Norman K. Ferguson, Jr. to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Maine State Senator Betty Lou Mitchell to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Maine State Representative Douglas Ahearne to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Maine State Representative Alvin Barth to President
        Clinton (6/7/97)
        *Maine State Representative Donald Berry, Sr., to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Maine State Representative Gerald N. Bouffard to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Maine State Representative Joseph Brooks to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Maine State Representative Randall L. Bumps to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Pat Gagliardi to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Maine State Representative Rosita Gagne to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Maine State Representative Gevorge Kerr to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Maine State Representative William Lemke to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Maine State Representative Thomas E. Poulin to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Maine State Representative Edward J. Povich to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Maine State Representative John H. Underwood to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Maine State Representative Lois A. Snowe-Mello to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Maine State Representative Marc. J. Vigue to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Maine State Representative G. Paul Waterhouse to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Maine State Representative Robert Winglass to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Maine State Representative Julie Winn to President Clinton
        (6/11/97)
        *Maine State Representative Tom Winsor to President Clinton
        (6/4/97)
        *Joint letter from MD Speaker of the House Casper Taylor
        (D) and Senate President Mike Miller (D) (3/12/97)
        *Joint letter from 48 Maryland state legislators to Michael
        McCabe, U.S. EPA Region III Administrator (2/18/97). The
        signatories are: Del. Martha Klima (R), Sen. Norman Stone (D), Del.
        Donald Murphy (R), Sen. Philip Jimeno (D), Del. James Malone (D),
        Sen. Edward Middlebrooks (R), Del. Wheeler Baker (D), Sen. Thomas
        Bromwell (D), Del. Mary Roe Walkup (R), Sen. Timothy Ferguson (R),
        Del. James Kelly (R), Sen. Larry Haines (R), Del. James Rzepkowski
        (R), Sen. Lowell Stoltzfus (R), Del. John Leopold (R), Sen. Roy
        Dyson (D), Del. Nancy Stocksdale (R), Sen. Richard Colburn (R),
        Del. John Arnick (D), Del. James Ports (R), Del. Janet Greenup (R),
        Del. Diane DeCarlo (D), Del. Robert Baldwin (R), Del. Kenneth Holt
        (R), Del. Raymond Beck (R), Del. Louise Snodgrass (R), Del. Michael
        Burns (R), Del. Anita Stup (R), Del. Victoria Schade (R), Del. Joan
        Cadden (D), Del. Joseph Getty (R), Del. Thomas Dewberry (D), Del.
        Alfred Redmer (R), Del. Kenneth Schisler (R), Del. Wade Kach (R),
        Del. Rose Bonsack (D), Del. Barrie Ciliberti (R), Del. David
        Brinkley (R), Del. Donald Fry (D), Del. John Donoghue (D), Del.
        Nancy Jacobs (R), Del. Robert McKee (R), Del. Donald Elliott (R),
        Del. Joseph Minnick (D), Del. Jake Mohorovic (D), Del. Anthony
        O'Donnell (R), Del. Robert Kittleman (R), Del. Robert Flanagan (R)
        *Maryland State Senator Walter Baker to Michael McCabe, EPA
        Region 3 Administrator (1/26/97)
        *Maryland State Senator Perry Sfikas to President Clinton
        (6/20/97)
        *Maryland State Senator Norman Stone (D-MD) (cover letter
        to 48 legislator letter) (3/7/97)
        *Maryland Delegate Donald Murphy to Michael McCabe, EPA
        Region 3 Administrator (2/12/97)
        *Joint letter from Maryland Delegate D. Bruce Poole and
        Maryland State Senator Donald Munson to Michael McCabe, EPA Region
        3 Administrator (1/30/97)
        *Letter from several MI state senators to Carol Browner (2/
        12/97). The signatories are: Sen. Loren Bennett (R), Sen. Dick
        Posthumus (R),Sen. Bill Bullard (R), Sen.Doug Carl (R), Sen. Dan
        DeGrow (R), Sen. Chris Dingell (D), Sen. Mat Dunaskiss (R), Sen.
        Joanne Emmons (R), Sen. Harry Gast (R), Sen. Robert Geake (R), Sen.
        Joel Gougeon (R), Sen. Philip Hoffman (R), Sen. George McManus (R),
        Sen. Walter North (R), Sen. Mike Rogers (R), Sen. Bill Schuette
        (R), Sen. John Schwartz (R), Sen. Dale Shugars (R), Sen. Glenn
        Steil (R), Sen. Leon Stille (R), Sen. Wm. Van Regenmorter (R).
        *Michigan State Representative Tom Alley to President
        Clinton (3/8/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Tom Alley to President
        Clinton (3/18/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Paul Baade to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Beverly A Bodem to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Beverly A. Bodem to U.S.
        Representative Bart Stupak (D-MI) (8/21/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Beverly A. Bodem to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/21/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Rose Bogardus to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Robert Brackenridge to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Lingg Brewer to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Bob Brown to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Deborah Cherry to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Bob Emerson to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Bob Emerson to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Bob Emerson to U.S. Senator
        Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Michigan State Representative A.T. Frank to President
        Clinton (5/30/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Pat Gagliardi to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Michael J. Goschka to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Michigan State Representative David Gubow to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Michael J. Hanley to
        President Clinton (5/30/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Clark Harder to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Clark Harder to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/27/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Clark Harder to U. S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/27/97)
        *Michigan State Speaker of the House Curtis Hertel to
        President. Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Kwame M. Kilpatrick to
        President Clinton (5/29/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Gerald H. Law to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Terry London to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Thomas Middleton to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Raymond M. Murphy to
        President Clinton (5/28/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Dennis Olshove to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Lynn Owen to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Glenn Oxender to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Michael Prusi to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Vera R. Rison to President
        Clinton (5/30/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Vera B. Rison to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/29/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Vera B. Rison to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/29/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Mark H. Schauer to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Martha G. Scott to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Paul Tesanovich to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Paul Tesanovich to U.S.
        Representative Bart Stupak (D-MI) (8/20/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Paul Tesanovich to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/20/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Ilona Varga to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Ted Wallace to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Michigan State Representative Howard Wetters to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Minnesota State Senator Steve Dille to U.S. Representative
        David Minge (D-MN) (9/8/97)
        *Minnesota State Senator Bob Lessard to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Minnesota State Senator Jim Vickerman to U.S.
        Representative David Minge (D-MN) (9/22/97)
        *Minnesota State Senator Deanna L. Wiener to U.S.
        Representative Bill Luther (D-MN) (9/11/97)
        *Minnesota State Representative Tim Commers to
        Representative Jim Ramstad (R-MN) (9/4/97)
        *Minnesota State Representative Erik Paulsen to
        Representative Jim Ramstad (R-NM) (9/6/97)
        *Minnesota State Representative Ken Wolf to U.S.
        Representative Jim Ramstad (R-MN) (8/28/97)
        *Mississippi House of Representatives to Carol Browner (4/
        6/97) Legible signatures include: Tommy Woods (R), Herb Frierson
        (D), J. P. Compretta (D), Alvin C. Endt (R), Mark Formby (R), Jim
        Ellington (R), Boby Shows (D), Carmel Wells-Smith (R), Terry Brown
        (R), Tom Camerson (R), Thomas E. Johnson (R), Tom King (R), Charlie
        Williams (R), Valeria Robertson (R), Bill Miles (D), John L. Moore
        (R), James C. Simpson, Jr. (R), Frank Hamilton (D), Bobby Moody
        (D), James D. Green (R), Clinton Rotenberry (R), Joe Elizey (D),
        Ted Foster (R), Tom Weathersby (R), George Flagg (D), Keith
        Montgomery (R), Bobby Howell (D), Lee J. Davis (R), Ken Stribling
        (R), John Read (D), Charles Smith (D), Earl Banks (D), David L.
        Green (D), Mary H. Coleman (D), Gene Saucier (D), Eric Robinson
        (R),Andrew Ketchings (R), Eloise H. Scott (R), Charles W. Capps,
        Jr. (D), Bill Denny (R), Billy Bowles (D), David Gibbs (D),
        Leornard Morris (D), Omeria Scott (D), Reta Holden (D), Joe Mitch
        McElwain (D), Rita Martinson (R), Robert Vince (D), V.C. Manning
        (D), Percy Maples (R), Joe Warren (D), Joey Hudson (D), Mary Anne
        Stevens (D), Ray Rogers (R), Harvey Moss (D), Johnny Stringer (D)
        *Missouri State Senator Steven Ehlmann (Minority Floor
        Leader) to President Clinton (5/27/97)
        *Missouri State Senator Franc Flotron to President Clinton
        (5/15/97)
        *Missouri State Senator Sidney Johnson (Assistant Majority
        Floor Leader) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Missouri State Senator Bill Kenney to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *Missouri State Senator Peter Kinder to President Clinton
        (6/2/97)
        *Missouri State Senator William McKenna to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Missouri State Senator Edward Quick (Majority Floor
        Leader) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Missouri State Representative Connie J. Cierpiot to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Missouri State Representative Bonnie Sue Cooper to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Missouri State Representative Bonnie Sue Cooper to U.S.
        Representative Karen McCarthy (D-MO) (8/25/97)
        *Missouri State Representative Rita Days (Majority Whip) to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Missouri State Representative Chuck Gross (R-MO) to Carol
        Browner (2/24/97) *Missouri State Representative Jim Kreider
        (Speaker Pro Tem) to President Clinton (5/9/97)
        *Missouri State Representative David Levin (R-MO) (2/19/97)
        *Missouri State Representative Fred Pouche to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Missouri State Representative Carson Ross to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Missouri State Representative Delbert Scott (Minority
        Floor Leader) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Nevada State Senator Ernie Adler to President Clinton (5/
        30/97)
        *Nevada State Senator Ernie Adler to U.S. Representative
        Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/21/97)
        *Nevada State Senator Bernice Matthews to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *Nevada State Senator Bernice Matthews to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (no date)
        *Nevada State Senator Joe Neal to President Clinton (6/24/
        97)
        *Nevada State Senator Jack Regan to President Clinton (6/
        23/97)
        *Nevada State Senator Dean A. Rhoads to U.S. Representative
        Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/20/97)
        *Nevada State Senator Mike Schneider to President Clinton
        (6/24/97)
        *Nevada State Senator Ray Shaffer to U.S. Representative
        Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/18/97)
        *Nevada State Senator Ray Shaffer to President. Clinton (6/
        23/97)
        *Nevada State Senator Valerie Wiener to President Clinton
        (6/2/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Mark Amodei to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/22/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Mark Amodei to President Clinton
        (6/26/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Bernie Anderson to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblywoman Bernie Anderson to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/22/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Morse Arberry, Jr. to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Doug Bache to President Clinton
        (6/23/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblywoman Barbara Buckley to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Vonne Chowning to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblywoman Vonne Chowning to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/19/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Tom Collins to President Clinton
        (6/5/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Tom Collins to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/21/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblywoman Marcia de Braga to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/19/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblywomen Marcia de Braga to President
        Clinton (6/22/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblywoman Vivian Freeman to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/19/97)
        *Nevada State Representative Vivian Freeman to President
        Clinton (6/26/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman David Goldwater to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Don Gustavson to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/22/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Don Gustavson to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Dario Herrera to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Nevada State Assemblywoman Lynn Hettrick to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/20/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Lynn Hettrick to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblywoman Ellen Koivisto to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Nevada State Assemblywoman Saundra Krenzer to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman John Lee to President Clinton (6/
        18/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Mark Manendo to President Clinton
        (6/5/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman John Marvel to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/18/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman John Marvel to President Clinton
        (6/24/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Harry Mortenson to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Nevada State Assemblywoman Genie Ohrenschall to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman David Parks to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *Nevada State Assemblyman Wendell Williams to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *New Jersey Speaker Pro Tem. Nicholas Felice (R-NJ) to Mary
        Nichols (3/12/97)
        *New Jersey Assemblyman Guy Gregg (R-NJ) to Mary Nichols
        (3/6/97)
        *New Mexico State Representative Donald L. Whitaker to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *New York State Senator Joseph Bruno (R-NY) (2/7/97)
        *New York State Senator Owen Johnson (R-NY) (2/11/97)
        *New York State Senator Owen Johnson (R-NY) to Carol
        Browner (3/12/97)
        New York State Senator George Maziarz (R-NY) (5/21/96)
        *New York State Senator George Maziarz (R-NY) (2/4/97)
        *New York State Assemblyman Thomas Reynolds (R-NY) (1/30/
        97)
        *North Carolina State Senator Frank Ballance to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *North Carolina State Senator Patrick J. Ballantine to
        President Clinton (5/29/97)
        *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
        U.S. Rep. Eva Clayton (D-NC) (4/17/97)
        *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
        U.S. Rep. Melvin Watt (D-NC) (4/17/97)
        *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
        U.S. Rep. Bill Hefner (D-NC) (4/17/97)
        *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
        U.S. Rep. Bob Etheridge (D-NC) (4/17/97)
        *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
        U.S. Rep. Mike McIntyre (D-NC) (4/17/97)
        *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
        U.S. Rep. David Price (D-NC) (4/17/97)
        *North Carolina State Senator Charlie Dannelly to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *North Carolina State Senator Luther Jordan to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *North Carolina State Senator Howard Lee to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *North Carolina State Senator Bob Martin (D-NC) (2/25/97)
        North Carolina State Senator Fountain Odom (D-NC) (5/10/96)
        *North Carolina State Senator Eric Reeves to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *North Carolina State Senator Hugh Webster to President
        Clinton (5/28/97)
        *North Carolina State Senator Allen H. Wellons to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Alma Adams (D-NC) to
        President Clinton (5/29/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Phil Baddour, Jr., to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Bobby H. Barbee, Sr.
        to President Clinton (5/29/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Daniel Blue to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Flossie Boyd-McIntyre
        to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Robert Brawley to
        President Clinton (5/29/97)
        North Carolina Speaker of the House Harold Brubaker (R-NC)
        (5/13/96)
        *North Carolina Speaker of the House Harold Brubaker to
        President Clinton (5/30/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Beverly Burke to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative James Crawford to U.S.
        Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) (10/8/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Billy Creech (R-NC)
        (3/11/97)
        *North Carolina House Maj. Leader Leo Daughtry to President
        Clinton (5/28/97)
        *North Carolina House Maj. Leader Leo Daughtry (R-NC) to
        U.S. Rep. Richard Burr (R-NC) (5/1/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Rick Eddins to
        President Clinton (5/29/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Sam Ellis to President
        Clinton (5/29/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Milton Fitch to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *North Carolina House Finance Com. Chair Lyons Gray (R-NC)
        to U.S. Rep. Richard Burr (R-NC) (4/30/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Thomas Hardaway to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Howard Hunter, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Larry Justus to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Theodore Kinney to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        North Carolina State Representative L.W. Locke (D-NC) (5/2/
        96)
        *North Carolina State Representative Mary McAllister to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative H. M. Michaels, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative H. M. Michaux to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative George Miller (D-NC)
        (3/12/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Frank Mitchell (R-NC)
        (3/11/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Amelia Morris (R-NC)
        (3/12/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Charles Neely, Jr. (R-
        NC) (3/6/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative John Nichols (R-NC)
        (2/6/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Warren Oldham to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative David Redwine to
        President Clinton (/27/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Timothy Tallent (R-NC)
        (3/12/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative John Weatherly (R-NC)
        (3/12/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative William Weinwright to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Larry Womble to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Stephen Wray Wood to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *North Carolina State Representative Thomas Wright to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Joint letter from the members of the NC General Assembly
        who represent the Charlotte-Mecklenburg, Gaston County and Lincoln
        County areas (Sen. Fountain Odom (D), Sen. Robert Rucho (R), Sen.
        Charlie Dannelly (R), Rep. Martha Alexander (R), Rep. Jim Black
        (R), Rep. Pete Cunningham (R), Rep. W.W. Dickson (R), Rep. Beverly
        Earle (R), Rep. Ruth Easterling (R), Rep. Jim Gulley (R), Rep. Ed
        McMahan (R), Rep. John Rayfield (R), Rep. Drew Saunders (R), Rep.
        Connie Wilson (R)) (3/17/97)
        *North Dakota State Senator Randel Christmann to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *North Dakota State Senator Randel Christmann to U.S.
        Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (no date)
        *North Dakota State Senator Randel Christmann to U.S.
        Senator Kent Conrad (D-ND) (no date)
        *North Dakota State Senator Marv Mutzenberger to U.S.
        Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (9/10/97)
        *North Dakota State Senator Marv Mutzenberger to U.S.
        Senator Kent Conrad (D-ND) (9/10/97)
        *North Dakota State Senator Pete Naadon to U.S.
        Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (9/3/97)
        *North Dakota State Senator Pete Naadon to U.S. Senator
        Kent Conrad (D-ND) (9/3/97)
        *North Dakota State Senator Donna Nalewaja to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *North Dakota State Senator Donna Nalewaja to U.S.
        Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (8/19/97)
        *North Dakota State Senator Donna Nalewaja to U.S. Senator
        Kent Conrad (D-ND) (8/19/97)
        *North Dakota State Senator David O'Connell to U.S. Senator
        Kent Conrad (D-ND) (8/29/97)
        *North Dakota State Senator David O'Connell to U.S.
        Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (8/29/97)
        *North Dakota State Representative Merle Boucher to U.S.
        Senator Kent Conrad (D-ND) (8/28/97)
        *North Dakota State Representative Merle Boucher to U.S.
        Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (8/28/97)
        *North Dakota State Representative Thomas T. Brusegaard to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *North Dakota State Representative John Dorso to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *North Dakota State Representative Pete Nasden to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        Joint letter from Ohio Senate President (R-OH) and Speaker
        of the House (R-OH) (7/23/96)
        *Ohio State Senator Robert Gardner (R-OH) (2/13/97)
        *Ohio State Senator Robert Gardner (R-OH) to U.S.
        Representative Steven LaTourette (R-OH) (2/7/97)
        *Ohio State Senator Merle Grace Kearns (R-OH) and state
        Representative Marilyn J. Reid (R-OH) to U.S. Representative Dave
        Hobson (R-OH) (1/7/97)
        *Ohio State Senator Scott Oelslager (R-OH) (12/2/96)
        *Ohio State Senator Scott Oelslager (R-OH) (no date)
        *Ohio State Senator Scott Oelslager (R-OH) to Newt Gingrich
        and Trent Lott (12/12/96)
        *Ohio State Representative Randall Gardner, Majority Leader
        (R-OH) (2/3/97)
        *Ohio State Representative Joseph Sulzer (D-OH) to U.S.
        Senator John Glenn (D-OH) (4/17/97)
        *Ohio State Representative Joe Sulzer to U.S.
        Representative Tony Hall (D-OH) (8/8/97)
        *Ohio State Senator Gary Suhadolnik to President Clinton
        (2/28/97)
        *Ohio State Representative Lynn Watchmann to U.S. Senator
        Mike DeWine (R-OH) (8/8/97)
        *Oregon State Senator Gary George (R-OR) (3/5/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Senator Roy Afflerbach to Carol Browner
        (3/10/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Senator Melissa Hart to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Senator Vincent Hughes to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Senator Allen Kukovich to U.S. Senator
        Rick Santorum (R-PA) (6/26/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Senator Mary Jo White (R-PA) (1/23/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Senator Hardy Williams to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative Ellen Bard to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative Howard Fargo to Carol
        Browner (2/13/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative Robert Godshall to
        Michael McCabe, EPA Region 3 Administrator (2/3/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative Michael Horsey to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative George T. Kenney, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative John Myers President
        Clinton (6/15/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative John M. Perzel to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative W. Curtis Thomas to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative Anthony H. Williams to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Pennsylvania State Representative Rosita C. Youngblood to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Rhode Island State Senator William Walaska (D-RI) (1/9/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Ralph Anderson to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Robert Ford (D-SC) to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Darrell Jackson to Vice
        President Gore (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Darrell Jackson to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Darrell Jackson to U.S.
        Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (9/2/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator John C. Land, III to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator James A. Lander to U.S.
        Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/29/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator James Lander to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Phil Leventis to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Phil Leventis to U.S. Senator
        Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (8/29/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Maggie Wallace Glover to Vice
        President Gore (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Maggie Wallace Glover to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Dewitt Williams to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Senator Dewitt Williams to Vice
        President Gore (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative John Graham Altman,
        III to U.S. Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (9/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative George H. Bailey to
        Vice President Al Gore, Jr. (6/19/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative George H. Bailey to
        U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/29/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Liston D. Barfield to
        U.S. Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (8/21/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Floyd Breeland (D-SC)
        to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Floyd Breeland (D-SC)
        to Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Theodore Brown to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Theodore Brown to Vice
        President Gore (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Alma Byrd to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Alma Byrd to Vice
        President Gore (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Marion Carnell to U.S.
        Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/29/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Wilbur Cave to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Wilbur Cave to U.S.
        Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (10/2/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Amos L. Gourdine to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Amos L. Gourdine to
        Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Jerry Govan to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Jerry Govan to Vice
        President Gore (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Jesse Hines (D-SC) to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Mack Hines to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Shirley R. Hinson to
        U.S. Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (9/10/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Leon Howard to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Leon Howard to U.S.
        Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/30/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Doug Jennings to
        President Bill Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Kenneth Kennedy to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Kenneth Kennedy to
        Vice President Gore (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Brenda Lee to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Brenda Lee to U.S.
        Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/30/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Walter Lloyd (D-SC) to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Walter Lloyd (D-SC) to
        Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Walter Lloyd to U.S.
        Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/30/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative David Mack III to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Yancey McGill to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Willie McMahand to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Willie McMahand to
        Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Bessie Moody-Lawrence
        to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Bessie Moody-Lawrence
        to Vice President Gore (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Anne Parks to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Anne Parks to Vice
        President Gore (6/4/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Elsie Rast Stuart to
        President Clinton (1/21/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Thomas Rhoad to U.S.
        Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/29/97)
        *South Carolina State Representative Mickey Whatley to U.S.
        Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (9/10/97)
        *South Dakota State Senator Kenneth Albers to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *South Dakota State Senator Jim Dunn to U.S. Senator Tim
        Johnson (D-SD) (9/12/97)
        *South Dakota State Senator Jim Dunn to U.S. Senator Tom
        Daschle (D-SD) (9/12/97)
        *South Dakota State Senator Jerry Shoener to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *South Dakota State Senator Fred Whiting to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *South Dakota State Senator Fred Whiting to U. S. Senator
        Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/16/97)
        *South Dakota State Senator Fred Whiting to U.S. Senator
        Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/16/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Michael Broderick, Jr.
        to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Michael Broderick, Jr.
        to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/26/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Mike Broderick, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Roger Brooks and State
        Senator Jim Dunn to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Roger Brooks to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *South Dakota State Representative Roger Brooks to U. S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/8/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Roger Brooks to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/18/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Roland Chicoine to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD)
        *South Dakota State Representative Roland Chicoine to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD)
        *South Dakota State Representative Roland Chicoine to
        President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Steve Cutler to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative J.P. Duniphan to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative J.P. Duniphan to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/15/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative J.P. Duniphan to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/15/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Deb Fischer-Clemens to
        President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Gil Koetzle to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *South Dakota State Representative Gil Koetzle to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *South Dakota State Representative Gil Koetzle to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *South Dakota State Representative Bill Napoli to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Bill Napoli to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/18/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Bill Napoli to U.S. Tim
        Johnson (D-SD) (9/18/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Craig Schaunaman to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/28/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Craig Schaunaman to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/25/97)
        *South Dakota State Representative Craig Schaunaman to
        President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Tennessee Lt. Governor/Speaker of the Senate John Wilder
        (D-TN) (2/6/97)
        *Tennessee State Senator Curtis Person to President Clinton
        (6/2/97)
        *Tennessee State Senator JoAnn Graves to President Clinton
        (5/26/97)
        *Tennessee State Representative Steve Godsey to President
        Clinton (5/29/97)
        *Tennessee State Representative Matthew Kisber to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Tennessee State Representative Mike Williams (D-TN) to
        Lynn Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (6/2/97)
        *Texas State Senator Royce West to President Clinton (6/13/
        97)
        *Texas State Representative Terri Hodge to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Virginia State Senator Joseph Benedetti to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Virginia State Senator L. Louise Lucas to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Virginia State Senator Kenneth Stolle to President Clinton
        (6/5/97)
        *Virginia State Senator Martin Williams to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Virginia Delegate Watkins M. Abbitt, Jr. to President
        Clinton (5/27/97)
        *Virginia Delegate David Albo to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Virginia Delegate Eric Cantor to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Virginia Delegate Raymond Guest, Jr. to President Clinton
        (6/4/97)
        *Virginia Delegate Frank Hargrove, Sr. to President Clinton
        (6/3/97)
        *Virginia Delegate Robert McDonnell to President Clinton
        (6/7/97)
        *Virginia Delegate Jay O'Brien to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Virginia Delegate John S. Reid to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Virginia Delegate Frank Ruff to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Virginia Delegate S. Vance Wilkins, Jr. to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Virginia Delegate John C. Watkins to President (6/10/97)
        *Washington State Senator Bill Finkbeiner to U.S.
        Representative Rick White (R-WA) (8/26/97)
        *Washington State Representative Bill Grant to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Washington State Representative Brian Hatfield to
        President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Washington State Senator Michael Heavey to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Washington State Representative Lynn Kessler to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Washington State Representative Erik Poulsen to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Washington State Representative Dave Quall to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Leonard W. Anderson to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Edwin J. Bowman to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Robert L. Dittmar to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Walter Helmick to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Sarah Minear to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Michael Oliverio, II to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Roman Prezioso, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Mike Ross to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator (President Pro Tem) William
        Sharpe, Jr. to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Vic Sprouse to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *West Virginia State Senator Martha Y. Walker to President
        Clinton (10/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Tom Azinger to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *West Virginia Delegate Robert C. Beach to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Michael Caputo to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate David Collins (D-WV) (2/3/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Jeff Davis to President Clinton (6/
        10/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Richard H. Everson to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Joe Farris to President Clinton (6/
        12/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Steve Harrison to President Clinton
        (6/18/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Larry Heck to President Clinton (6/
        23/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Dick Henderson to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *West Virginia Delegate Evan Jenkins to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Margaret Miller to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Jody G. Smirl to President Clinton
        (6/18/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Ron Thompson to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Scott G. Varner to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Barbara Warner to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *West Virginia Delegate Larry Williams to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *Joint letter signed by 8 members of the West Virginia
        Legislature to Carol Browner (3/11/97). Signatories are: Sen. Ed
        Bowman (D), Sen. Andrew McKenzie (R), Del. Tamara Pettit (D), Del.
        Jeff Davis (D), Del. Tim Ennis (D), Del. Roy Givens (D), Del. Tal
        Hutchins (D), Del. Gil White (R).
        *Wisconsin State Representative John Dobyns to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Stephen Freese to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative John Gard to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Mark Green to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Scott Gunderson to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Dave Hutchison (R-WI) to
        U.S. Senator Herb Kohl (D-WI) (1/13/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Scott Jensen to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Neal J. Kedzie to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Alan Lasee (R-WI) (2/18/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Frank Lasee to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Terry Musser to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Stephen L. Nass to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Luther Olsen to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Al Ott (R-WI) (3/7/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Clifford Otte to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Chuck Schafer to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Daniel P. Vrakas to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Scott Walker to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wisconsin State Senator Robert Welch to U.S.
        Representative Mark Neumann (R-WI) (8/21/97). Copy of this letter
        also went to all other members of the Wisconsin Congressional
        Delegation.
        *Wisconsin State Representative Robert Ziegelbauer to
        President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Wisconsin State Representative Robert K. Zukowski to
        President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Joint letter from 40 members of the Wisconsin State
        Assembly to Carol Browner (3/12/97). Letter signed by: Rep. Frank
        Lasee (R), Speaker Ben Brancel (R), Rep. Glenn Grothman (R), Rep.
        Frank Urban (R), Rep. Scott Jensen (R), Rep. Gregg Underheim (R),
        Speaker Pro Tempore Steve Freese (R), Rep. Luther Olsen (R), Rep.
        David Brandemuehl (R), Maj. Leader Steve Foti (R), Rep. Carol Kelso
        (R), Rep. Robert Goetsch (R), Rep. Mark Green (R), Rep. Tim Hoven
        (R), Rep. Scott Gunderson (R), Rep. John Dobyns (R), Rep. John Gard
        (R), Rep. Cloyd Porter (R), Asst. Maj. Leader Bonnie Ladwig (R),
        Rep. Mary Lazich (R), Rep. Robert Zakowski (R), Rep. Dan Vrakas
        (R), Rep. Bill Lorge (R), Rep. Cliff Otte (R), Rep. Neal Kedzie
        (R), Rep. Steve Nass (R), Rep. Michael Lehman (D), Rep. Terry
        Musser (R), Rep. Chuck Schafer (R), Rep. Eugene Hahn (R), Rep.
        Lorraine Seratti (R), Sen. Gary Dizewiecki (R), Rep. Scott Walker
        (R), Sen. Alan Lasee (R), Rep. DuWayne Johnsrud (R), Sen. Margaret
        Farrow (R), Rep. Jim Kreuser (D), Sen. Carol Buettner (R), Rep.
        Robert Ziegelbauer (D), Sen. Robert Welch (R)
        *Joint Letter from Wisconsin State Legislators to President
        Clinton (6/6/97). The following people signed the letter: Senator
        Gwendelynne Moore, Senator Kim Plache, Rep. James Kreuser, Senator
        Richard Grobschmidt, Senator Robert Wirch, Senator Gary George, and
        Representative James Kreuser.
                                   __________
    Letters/comments from mayors/county commissioners
        *Mayor Athens (AL) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Mayor of Brent (no party-AL) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Chickasaw (AL) to President Clinton (5/14/97)
        *Mayor of Clanton (AL) to President Clinton (4/22/97)
        *Mayor of Clanton (AL) to U.S. Representative Bud Cramer
        (D-AL) (4/22/97)
        *Mayor of Dothan (AL) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Mayor of Florence (no party-AL) to President Clinton (6/3/
        97)
        *Mayor of Hanceville (AL) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to Sally Katzen, OMB (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to Kathleen McGinty, Council on
        Environmental Quality (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Senator Jeff Sessions
        (R-AL) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Senator Richard Shelby
        (R-AL) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Robert
        Aderholt (R-AL) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Robert
        Cramer (D-AL) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Spencer
        Bachus (R-AL) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Earl
        Hillard (D-AL) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Sonny
        Callahan (R-AL) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Terry
        Everett (R-AL) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Bob
        Riley (R-AL) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Stevenson (AL) to AL Governor Fob James (5/15/97)
        *Jefferson County, AL Commissioner Chris McNair to
        President Clinton (5/97)
        *Arkansas Commissioner of Roads and Transportation, Gary
        White to President Clinton (5/22/97)
        *President, Birmingham, Alabama City Council to President
        Clinton (4/21/97)
        *President, Birmingham, Alabama City Council to U.S.
        Representative Bud Cramer (D-AL) (4/21/97)
        *Mayor of Fredonia (AZ) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Williams (AZ) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Mayor of Winslow (AZ) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Vice Mayor of Phoenix to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Arizona Corporation Commission (AZ) Commissioner Jim Irvin
        to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Navajo County Board of Supervisors (AZ) (2/10/97)
        *Maricopa County (AZ) Board of Supervisors Vice Chair,
        Betsey Bayless to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Maricopa County (AZ) Supervisor Janice K. Brewer to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Maricopa County (AZ) Supervisor Fulton Brock to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Maricopa County (AZ) Board of Supervisors Chairman, Don
        Stapley to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Mohave County (AZ) Supervisor Carol S. Anderson to
        President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Mohave County (AZ) Supervisor Jim Zatorsky to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Alexander (AR) to U.S. Representative Vic Snyder
        (D-AR) (10/1/97)
        *Mayor of Alexander (AR) to U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers (D-
        AR) (10/1/97)
        *Mayor of Alexander (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Austin (AR) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Beebe (AR) to President Clinton (6/27/97)
        *Mayor of Benton (AR) to U.S. Representative Vic Snyder (D-
        AR) (8/26/97)
        *Mayor of Benton (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Bentonville (AR) to Presidents Clinton (6/26/97)
        *Mayor of Bradley (AR) to President Clinton (6/27/97)
        *Mayor of Bull Shoals (AR) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Mayor of Cabot (AR) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of Damascus (AR) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Mayor of Damascus (AR) to U.S. Representative Vic Snyder
        (D-AR) (9/23/97)
        *Mayor of Damascus (AR) to U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR)
        (9/23/97)
        *Mayor of Des Arc (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/97)
        *Mayor of DeWitt (AR) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Mayor of Earle (AR) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Earle (AR) to U.S. Senator Bumpers (D-AR) (6/17/
        97)
        *Mayor of Earle (AR) to U.S. Senator Hutchinson (R-AR) (6/
        17/97)
        *Mayor of Earle (AR) to White House Personnel Director Bob
        Nash (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Evening Shade (AR) to President Clinton (6/26/97)
        *Mayor of Forrest City (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/97)
        *Mayor of Fouke (AR) to President Clinton (6/27/97)
        *Mayor of Gillett (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Gosnell (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/97)
        *Mayor Green Forest (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/97)
        *Mayor of Hamburg (AR) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Hope (AR) to U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR)
        (10/9/97)
        *Vice Mayor of Hope (AR) to U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers (D-
        AR) (10/9/97)
        *Mayor of Horseshoe Bend (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/
        97)
        *Mayor of Horseshoe Lake (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/
        97)
        *Mayor of Jacksonville (AR) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Mayor of Jericho (AR) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Mayor of Keo (AR) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor Little Rock (AR) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Lonoke (AR) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Mayor of Portland (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Sherwood (AR) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Mayor of Stuttgart (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Turrel (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Ward (AR) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Mayor of the West Memphis (no party-AR) (2/20/97)
        *Mayor of West Memphis (no party-AR) to Lynn Cutler, Office
        of Intergovernmental Affairs (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Wrightsville (AR) to President Clinton (4/28/97)
        *Mayor of Alhambra (CA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Mayor of Anaheim (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Apple Valley (CA) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of Bakersfield (CA) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Mayor of Bell (CA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Mayor of Cathedral City (CA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Mayor of Ceres (CA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Vice Mayor of Citrus Heights (CA) to President Clinton (6/
        23/97)
        *Former Mayor of Costa Mesa (CA) to President Clinton (6/2/
        97)
        *Vice Mayor of Desert Hot Springs (CA) to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Desert Hot Springs (CA) to President Clinton (6/
        17/97)
        *Mayor of Dorris (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of El Monte (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of El Paso de Robles (CA) to President Clinton (6/
        17/97)
        *Mayor of Fortuna (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Gardena (CA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Garden Grove (CA) to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *Mayor of Glendale (CA) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Mayor of Grover Beach (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Mayor of Highland (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Mayor of Huntington Park (CA) to President Clinton (6/6/
        97)
        *Mayor of Huntington Park (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/
        97)
        *Mayor of Imperial Beach (CA) to Carol Browner (2/5/97)
        *Mayor of Indian Wells (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Irvine (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Mayor of Irwindale (CA) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of La Canada (CA) to U.S. Representative James Rogan
        (R-CA) (9/2/97)
        *Mayor of Laguna Beach (CA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Mayor of Lancaster (CA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Mayor of Lancaster (CA) to U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein
        (D-CA) (6/9/97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Loma Linda (CA) to President Clinton (6/
        14/97)
        *Mayor of Lomita (CA) to President Clinton (5/23/97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Lompoc (CA) to President Clinton (6/18/
        97)
        *Mayor of Lynwood (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Merced (CA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Mission Viejo (CA) to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *Mayor of Mission Viejo (CA) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Vice Mayor of Modesto City (CA) to President Clinton (6/
        17/97)
        *Mayor of Modesto (CA) to President Clinton (5/28/97)
        *Mayor of Monrovia (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Norwalk (CA) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Mayor of Norwalk (CA) to U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-
        CA) (6/24/97)
        *Mayor of Oceanside (CA) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Pasadena (CA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Mayor of Pico Rivera (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Placentia (CA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Mayor of Redondo Beach (CA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Mayor of Rosemead (CA) to President Clinton (5/21/97)
        *Deputy Mayor of San Diego (CA) to President Clinton (6/20/
        97)
        *Mayor of San Juan Capistrano (CA) to President Clinton (6/
        4/97)
        *Vice Mayor of Saratoga (CA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Vice Mayor of Saratoga (CA) to U.S. Representative Tom
        Campbell (R-CA) (8/26/97)
        *Mayor of South Gate (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Stanton (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/
        97)
        *Mayor of Stanton (CA) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of Stockton (no party-CA) to the Region 9 EPA
        Administrator (2/12/97)
        *Mayor of Taft (CA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Mayor of Vacaville (CA) to U.S. Representative Vic Fazio
        (D-CA) (8/27/97)
        *Mayor of Vacaville (CA) to U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein
        (D-CA) (6/23/97)
        *Mayor of Vacaville (CA) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Mayor of Vernon (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Westminster (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Mayor of Westminster (CA) to U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein
        (D-CA) (6/11/97)
        *Mayor of West Sacramento (CA) to President Clinton (6/9/
        97)
        *Mayor of Yuba City (CA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem Carolyn Ratto of (unidentified city) (CA) to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Butte County (CA) Supervisor Curt Josiassen to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Butte County (CA) Supervisor Curt Josiassen to U.S.
        Representative Vic Fazio (D-CA) (8/27/97)
        *El Dorado County (CA) Supervisor Ray Nutting to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Glenn County (CA) Supervisor Keith Hansen to President
        Clinton (5/22/97)
        *Glenn County (CA) Board of Supervisors to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Imperial County (CA) Board of Supervisors to EPA (2/11/97)
        *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Bill Cole to U.S. EPA (2/
        11/97)
        *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Dean Shores to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Dean Shores to U.S.
        Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) (6/24/97)
        *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Dean Shores to U.S.
        Senator Barbara Boxer (D-CA) (6/24/97)
        *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Dean Shores to U.S.
        Representative Duncan Hunter (R-CA) (6/24/97)
        *Irvine (CA) Transportation Commission Chair Alan Snodgrass
        to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Los Angeles County (CA) Supervisor Michael D. Antonovich
        to U.S. Representative James Rogan (R-CA) (9/3/97)
        *Los Angeles (CA) Supervisor Michael D. Antonovich to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Long Beach (CA) Commissioner Carmen Perez (Vice President)
        to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Mariposa County (CA) Supervisor Doug Balmain to President
        Clinton (5/28/97)
        *Madoc County (CA) Supervisor Ben Zandstra to Carol Browner
        (2/18/97)
        *Madoc County (CA) Supervisor Ben Zandstra to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Merced County (CA) Supervisor, Gloria Cortez Keene to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Mono County (CA) Supervisor Edward J. Inwood to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Nevada County (CA) Board of Supervisors to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Nevada County (CA) Board of Supervisors to Felicia Marcus,
        U.S. EPA Region 9 Administrator (6/2/97)
        *Orange County (CA) Supervisor Charles Smith to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Orange County (CA) Supervisor Todd Spitzer to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Orange County (CA) Supervisor Thomas Wilson to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Placer County (CA) Supervisor Robert Weygandt to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Placer County (CA) Supervisor James T. Williams to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Plumas County (CA) Board of Supervisors to U.S. Senator
        Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) (6/16/97)
        *Plumas County (CA) Board of Supervisors to U.S. Senator
        Barbara Boxer (D-CA) (6/16/97)
        *Plumas County (CA) Supervisor William Coates to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Plumas County (CA) Supervisor William N. Dennison to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Sacramento County (CA) Supervisor David Cox to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Sacramento County (CA) Supervisor Muriel P. Johnson to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *San Diego County (CA) Board of Supervisors to U.S.
        Representative Tom Bliley (R-VA) (4/15/97)
        *San Diego County (CA) Supervisor Greg Cox to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *San Diego County (CA) Board of Supervisors Chairman Bill
        Horn to U.S. Representative Brian Bilbray (R-CA) (8/21/97)
        *San Diego (CA) County Supervisor Dianne Jacob to U.S.
        Representative Brian Bilbray (R-CA) (8/26/97)
        *San Diego County (CA) Supervisor Ron Roberts to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *San Luis Obispo County (CA) Supervisor Harry L. Ovitt to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *San Luis Obispo (CA) County Supervisor Michael P. Mike
        Ryan President (6/13/97)
        *Santa Clara (CA) Supervisor Pete Mchugh to U.S.
        Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA) (9/1/97)
        *Santa Cruz County (CA) Supervisor Ray Belgard to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Shasta County (CA) Board of Supervisors to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Shasta County (CA) Supervisor Patricia A. Clarke to
        President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Sutter County (CA) Board of Supervisors (2/18/97)
        *Sutter County (CA) Board of Supervisors to U.S.
        Representative Vic Fazio (D-CA) (8/29/97)
        *Sutter County (CA) Supervisor Dick Akin to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        Mayor of Denver (D-CO) (no date)
        *Archuleta County (CO) Commissioners (1/22/97)
        *Douglas County (CO) Commissioner Robert Christensen to
        Governor Roy Romer (D) (6/16/97)
        *Mayor of New Haven (CT) to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
        *Mayor of Dover (no party-DE) (3/11/97)
        *Mayor of Boca Raton (no party-FL) to Carol Browner (1/23/
        97)
        *Mayor of Flordia City (FL) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Mayor of Opa-Locka (FL) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Vice Mayor Opa-Locka (FL) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Vice Mayor of Orange Park (FL) to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Mayor of Orlando (no party-FL) to President Clinton/Lynn
        Cutler (6/10/97)
        *Mayor of South Bay (D-FL) (second VP, National League of
        Cities) to Vice President Gore (6/3/97)
        *Bradford County (FL) Commissioner Herman Johnson to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Broward County (FL) Commissioner Sylvia Poitier to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Dade County (FL) Commissioner James C. Burke to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Dade County (FL) Commissioner Barbara Carey to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Dade County (FL) Commissioner Natacha Seijas Millan to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Dade County (FL) Commissioner Dennis C. Moss to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Jackson County (FL) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Opa-Locka County (FL) Commissioner Mary E. Allen to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Opa-Locka (FL) Commissioner Timothy Holmes to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Opa-Locka County (FL) Commissioner Myra Taylor to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Orange County (FL) Commissioner Mable Butler to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Orange County (FL) Commissioner Bob Freeman to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Orange County (FL) Commissioner Clarence M. Hoenstine to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Pinellas County (FL) Commissioner Calvin D. Harris to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Santa Rosa County (FL) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (5/23/97)
        *Mayor of Augusta (no party-GA) (3/11/97)
        *Mayor of Decatur (GA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Mayor of Doerun (no party-GA) to President Clinton (6/3/
        97)
        *Mayor of Lafayette (R-GA) (3/10/97)
        *Albany (GA) Commissioner, Arthur Williams (3/10/97)
        *Albany (GA) Commissioner J.B. Howard to President Clinton
        (6/7/97)
        *Former Albany (GA) Commissioner Kenderson Hill to
        President Clinton (6/6/97). Also owner of W.H. & Sons Cleaners.
        *Catoosa County (GA) Board of Commissioners to members of
        the Georgia Congressional Delegation (5/15/97)
        *Cobb County (GA) Board of Commissioners (1/13/97)
        *Dekalb County (GA) Commissioner William Brown to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *DeKalb County (GA) Commissioner Porter Sanford III to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Dougherty County (GA) Commissioner George Brown to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Fulton County (GA) Board of Commissioners (2/12/97)
        *Fulton County (GA) former Commissioner Milton Farris to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Bob Fulton to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Mitch Skandalakis to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Michael Hightower to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Michael Hightower to U.S.
        Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
        *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Tom Lowe to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Tom Lowe to U.S. Senator
        Max Cleland (D-GA) (9/2/97)
        *Paulding County (GA) Board of Commissioners (3/7/97)
        *Mayor of Coeur D'Alene (no party-ID) to EPA (3/12/97)
        *Mayor of the City of Salmon (R-ID) to U.S. Senators Larry
        Craig (R-ID), Dirk Kenpthorne (R-ID), and U.S. Representative Mike
        Crapo (R-ID) (1/17/97)
        *Mayor of Nampa (ID) and city civil engineer Case Houson to
        President Clinton (5/21/97)
        *Clark County Board of County Commissioners (ID) (1/13/97)
        *City of Chicago (IL) comments (no date)
        *Mayor of Belvidere (IL) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Mayor of Chicago (IL) to President Clinton (5/28/97)
        *Mayor of Dolton (IL) to U.S. Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-
        IL) (9/9/97)
        *Mayor of Dolton (IL) to U.S. Senator Carol Moseley-Braun
        (D-IL) (9/9/97)
        *Mayor of Granite City (D-IL) to Carol Browner (1/13/97)
        *Mayor of Peoria (IL) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Mayor of Taylorville (IL) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Belvidere Township (IL) Supervisor Robert L. Turner to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Cook County (IL) Commissioner John Stroger, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Cook County (IL) Commissioner Roberto Maldonado to
        President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Cook County (IL) Commissioner Darlena Williams-Burnett to
        President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Hidalgo County (IL) Commissioner Sylvia Handy to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Peoria County (IL) Commissioner Gary Stella to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Peoria County (IL) Commissioner Gary Stella to Carol
        Browner (6/10/97)
        Mayor of Evansville (D-IN) to EPA (no date)
        *Mayor of Goshen (D-IN) to President Clinton (12/12/96)
        Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) to Carol Browner (5/14/96)
        Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) to Sally Katzen, OMB (5/14/96)
        Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) to Laura D'Andrea Tyson,
        Assistant to the President for Economic Policy (5/14/96)
        *Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) (3/11/97)
        *Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/2/97)
        Mayor of Mt. Vernon (D-IN) to Sally Katzen, OMB (4/19/96)
        *Mayor of New Albany (IN) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        Mayor of South Bend (D-IN) to Carol Browner (4/22/96)
        Mayor of South Bend (D-IN) to Sally Katzen, OMB (4/22/96)
        Mayor of South Bend (D-IN) to Laura D'Andrea Tyson,
        Assistant to the President for Economic Policy (4/22/96)
        *Mayor of South Bend, (D-IN) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Fort Wayne (R-IN) (3/7/97)
        *Mayor of Jeffersonville (D-IN) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
        Mayor of Rensselaer (R-IN) to the Indiana Association of
        Cities and Towns (4/18/96)
        *Mayor of Rensselaer (R-IN) (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Rensselaer (R-IN) to U.S. Representative Steve
        Buyer (R-IN) (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Terre Haute (D-IN) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/2/97)
        *Mayor of Hobart (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
        Visclosky (D-IN) (8/25/97)
        *Mayor of Charlestown (IN) to U.S. Representative Lee
        Hamilton (D-IN) (8/12/97)
        *Mayor of Hammond (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
        Visclosky (D-IN) (8/25/97)
        *Mayor of Lake Station (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
        Visclosky (D-IN) (8/18/97)
        *Mayor of Valparaiso (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
        Visclosky (D-IN) (8/20/97)
        *Mayor of Whiting (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
        Visclosky (D-IN) (9/2/97)
        Indiana Association of Cities and Towns to the Mayor of
        Lebanon, Indiana (4/15/96)
        *14 Indiana Mayors signed testimony of Indiana Association
        of Cities and Towns for Chicago Jan. 15 NAAQS hearing--Mayors of
        Anderson (D), Auburn (R), Bluffton (D), Elkhart (D), Evansville
        (D), Goshen (D), Greenfield (R), Greenwood (R), Huntington (D),
        Martinsville (R), Mishawaka (R), Mt. Vernon (D), Noblesville (R),
        Rensselaer (R)
        *Letter to Lynn Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental
        Affairs, signed by 14 Indiana mayors (5/29/97). Signatories are:
        Mayors of Anderson (D), Auburn (R), Bluffton (D), Elkhart (D),
        Evansville (D), Goshen (D), Greenfield (R), Greenwood (R),
        Huntington (D), Martinsville (R), Mishawaka (R), Mt. Vernon (D),
        Noblesville (R), Rensselaer (R)
        *Letter to Sally Katzen, Office of Management and Budget,
        signed by 14 Indiana mayors (5/29/97). Signatories are: Mayors of
        Anderson (D), Auburn (R), Bluffton (D), Elkhart (D), Evansville
        (D), Goshen (D), Greenfield (R), Greenwood (R), Huntington (D),
        Martinsville (R), Mishawaka (R), Mt. Vernon (D), Noblesville (R),
        Rensselaer (R) Martinsville (R), Mishawaka (R), Mt. Vernon (D),
        Noblesville (R), Rensselaer (R).
        *Hendricks County (IN) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Boone County (IN) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *LaPorte County (IN) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Iowa Falls (IA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Mayor of Dallas Center (IA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Mayor of Manchester (IA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Mayor of Mt. Pleasant (IA) to U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (D-
        IA) (8/26/97)
        *Mayor of Mt. Pleasant (IA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Waterloo (IA) John R. Rooff to President Clinton
        (6/11/97)
        *Cerro Gordo County (IA) Board of Supervisors to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Cerro Gordo County (IA) Board of Supervisors to President
        Clinton (6/26/97)
        *Hamilton County (IA) Board of Supervisors to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Sac County (IA) Supervisor Rebecca Hillmer to Carol
        Browner (3/12/97)
        *Iowa League of Cities to Mayor of Muscatine, IA, Dick
        O'Brien. Same letter went to 29 other Iowa mayors (8/12/97).
        *Mayor of Prairie Village (KS) to President Clinton (6/12/
        97)
        *Mayor of Wichita (R-KS) to EPA (3/4/97)
        *Mayor of Florence (D-KY) (1/13/97)
        Mayor of Louisa (R-KY) to Carol Browner (5/3/96)
        Mayor of Louisa (R-KY) to Sally Katzen, OMB (5/3/96)
        Mayor of Louisa (R-KY) to Laura D'Andrea Tyson, Assistant
        to the President for Economic Policy (5/3/96)
        *Mayor of Russell (D-KY) to Carol Browner (3/10/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) President Tim Coulon to U.S. EPA (2/
        3/97)
        *Mayor of Lake Charles (D-LA) (2/18/97)
        *Mayor of New Orleans (LA) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Mayor of New Orleans (LA) to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA)
        (6/25/96)
        *Mayor of New Orleans (LA) to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA)
        (6/25/96)
        *Mayor of Portland (ME) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Oxford County (ME) Commissioner Steven Merrill to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Cecil County (MD) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of Allen Park (MI) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Bay City (MI) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Mayor of Burton (MI) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Dearborn Heights, D-MI to Carol Browner (3/7/97)
        Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) (11/7/96)
        *Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) to U.S. Senator Spencer Abraham
        (R-MI) (5/2/97)
        *Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) to U.S. Representative Maxine
        Waters (D-CA), Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus (6/6/97)
        *Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) to Erskine Bowles, White House
        Chief of Staff (6/6/97)
        *Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) to Gene Sperling, Assistant to the
        President and Director of the National Economic Council (6/6/97)
        *Mayor of Fenton (MI) to President Clinton (6/26/97)
        *Mayor of Grand Rapids (MI) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Linden (MI) to U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/
        4/97)
        *Mayor of Rochester Hills (MI) to President Clinton (6/4/
        97)
        *Mayor of Rochester Hills (MI) to U.S. Senator Carl Levin
        (D-MI) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rochester Hills (MI) to U.S. Senator Spencer
        Abraham (R-MI) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Rochester Hills (MI) to U.S. Representative Dale
        Kildee (D-MI)
        *Argentine Township (MI) Supervisor Robert W. Cole to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/22/97)
        *Argentine Township (MI) Supervisor Robert W. Cole to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/22/97)
        *Argentine Township (MI) Supervisor Robert W. Cole to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Benzie County (MI) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Berrien County (MI) Commissioner R.J. Burkholz to
        President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Calumet Township (MI) Supervisor Paul A. Lehto to U. S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/5/97)
        *Calumet Township (MI) Supervisor Paul A. Lehto to U.S.
        Representative Bart Stupak (D-MI) (9/5/97)
        *Clay Township (MI) Supervisor Jon E. Manos to EPA (3/4/97)
        *Fenton Township (MI) Supervisor Carl Gabrielson to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Fenton Township (MI) Supervisor Carl Gabrielson to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Flint Township (MI) Supervisor Sally Shaheen Joseph, J.D.
        to U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/25/97)
        *Flint Township (MI) Supervisor Sally Shaheen Joseph, J.D.
        to U.S. Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/25/97)
        *Flint Township (MI) Supervisor Sally Shaheen Joseph to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner Floyd Clack to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner Raynetta Speed to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner John J. Gleason to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner John J. Gleason to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/22/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner John J. Gleason to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/22/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner Ken Hardin to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/25/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner Ken Hardin to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Drain Commissioner Anthony Ragnone to
        President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Kalamazoo County (MI) Commissioner Judy Todd Johnson to
        President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Kalamazoo County (MI) Commissioner Charlotte Sumney to
        U.S. Representative Peter Hoekstra (R-MI) (7/3/97)
        *Kalamazoo County (MI) Commissioner Raymond Wilson to
        President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Macomb County (MI) Commissioner Diana Kolakowski to U.S.
        Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Macomb County (MI) Commissioner Diana Kolakowski to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Macomb County (MI) Commissioner Michael Sessa to Carol
        Browner (1/27/97)
        *Macomb Township (MI) Supervisor John D. Brennan to
        Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (9/5/97)
        *Macomb Township (MI) Supervisor John D. Brennan to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/5/97)
        *Mundy Township (MI) Supervisor Donald G. Halka to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/27/97)
        *Mundy Township (MI) Supervisor Donald G. Halka to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/27/97)
        *Muskegon County (MI) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (3/7/97)
        *Ottawa County (MI) Commissioner Robert J. Rinck to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Ottawa County (MI) Commissioner Roger Rycenga to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Wayne County (MI) Commissioner George Cushingberry to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Wayne County (MI) Commissioner Ricardo A. Solomon to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Mayor of St. Paul (R-MN) to U.S. Representative David
        Minge (D-MN) (6/12/97)
        *Hennepin County (MN) Commissioner Mark J. Stenglein to
        U.S. Representative Jim Ramstad (R-MN) (9/3/97)
        Mayor of Kansas City (D-MO) (9/18/96)
        *Mayor of Kansas City (D-MO) to President Clinton (6/1/97)
        *Mayor of Kansas City (D-MO) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Saint Charles (no party-MO) to Carol Browner (2/
        11/97)
        *Mayor of St. Joseph (D-MO) (2/4/97)
        *Mayor of St. Joseph (MO) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/9/97)
        Mayor of St. Louis (D-MO) (10/16/96)
        *Mayor of St. Louis (MO) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Clinton County (MO) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Lincoln County (MT) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (5/28/97)
        *Lincoln County (MT) Board of Commissioners, Lincoln County
        Health Officer, Lincoln County Environmental Health Department to
        Carol Browner (2/5/97)
        *Lincoln County (MT) Board of Commissioners to U.S. Senator
        Max Baucus (D-MT) (6/18/97)
        *Fergus County Board of Commissioners (MT) (no date)
        *Mayor of Columbus (D-NE) (5/30/97)
        *Mayor of Gering (NE) to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE) (9/
        8/97)
        *Mayor of Grand Island (D-NE) (5/30/97)
        *Mayor of Hastings (D-NE) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Imperial (NE) to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE)
        (9/8/97)
        *Mayor of Kimball (NE) to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE)
        (9/8/97)
        *Mayor of Lincoln (R-NE) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Mayor of Nebraska City (NE) to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-
        NE) (9/3/97)
        *Mayor of Omaha (R-NE) to President Clinton (5/22/97)
        *Mayor of Ponca (NE) to U. S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE) (9/
        2/97)
        *Dawson County (NE) Board of Commissioners to Carol Browner
        (3/2/97)
        *Dawson County (NE) Commissioner Rodney Aden to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Mayor of Boulder City (NV) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of Henderson (NV) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Mayor of North Las Vegas (NV) to President Clinton (6/17/
        97)
        *Clark County (NV) Commissioner Erin Kenny to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Mayor of Holland (NJ) to President Clinton (5/27/97)
        *Clark County (NV) Commissioner Myrna Williams to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Hobbs (NM) City Commissioner Joseph Calderon to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Hobbs (NM) County Commissioner Patricia Jones to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Hobbs (NM) City Commissioner Jim Murphy to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Hobbs (NM) Commissioner Jimmy Woodfin to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *Lea County (NM) Commissioner Zeak Williams, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Santa Fe (NM) Commissioner Jerome D. Block to President
        Clinton (6/11/97) *Socorro County (NM) Commissioner Benny Barreras
        to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Valencia County (NM) Commissioner Salomon Montano to
        President Clinton (6/8/97)
        *New York State Conference of Mayors and Municipal
        Officials to New York State mayors in projected nonattainment
        counties.
        *Mayor of Kaser (NY) to President Clinton (5/31/97)
        *Mayor of Lake Grove (NY) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Haverstraw (NY) Supervisor Phillip Rotella to President
        Clinton (6/27/97)
        *Joint letter from the mayors of the five largest cities in
        North Carolina to U.S. Representative Richard Burr (R-NC) (North
        Carolina League of Municipalities' letter). Letter signed by mayors
        of Charlotte (R), Durham (D), Greensboro (D), Raleigh (R), and
        Winston-Salem (D) (4/30/97)
        *North Carolina League of Municipalities to NC state
        Representative Lyons Gray (5/7/97)
        *Mayor of Alexander Hills (NC) to President Clinton (6/12/
        97)
        *Mayor of Apex (R-NC) (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Bolton (D-NC) to EPA (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Cary (NC) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Mayor of Cary (NC) U.S. Representative David Price (D-NC)
        (9/4/97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Clayton (NC) Jody McCleod to U.S.
        Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) (no date)
        *Mayor of Clayton (NC) to U.S. Representative Bob Etheridge
        (D-NC) (8/2/97)
        *Mayor of Garner (D-NC) to EPA (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Greensboro (D-NC) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Henderson (D-NC) (3/10/97)
        *Mayor Pro Temp of Hickory (R-NC) (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Holly Springs (D-NC) (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Roxboro (D-NC) (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Smithfield (NC) to U.S. Representative Bobby
        Etheridge (D-NC) (9/4/97)
        *Mayor of Wilmington (NC) to U.S. Representative Eva
        Clayton (D-NC) (8/26/97)
        *North Carolina Association of County Commissioners to NC
        Governor Jim Hunt (6/9/97)
        *Almance County (NC) Commissioner W. B. Teague, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Caldwell (NC) Board of Commissioners to U.S. Senator Jesse
        Helms (R-NC) (6/16/97)
        *Caldwell (NC) Board of Commissioners to U.S.
        Representative T. Cass Ballenger (R-NC) (6/16/97)
        *Caldwell (NC) County Commissioners to U.S. Representative
        Richard Burr (R-NC) (6/16/97)
        *Caldwell (NC) County Commissioners to U.S. Senator Lauch
        Faircloth (R-NC) (6/16/97)
        *Camden County (NC) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Chatham County (NC) Commissioner to President Clinton (6/
        13/97)
        *Guilford County (NC) Commissioner Warren Dorsell to
        President Clinton (5/28/97)
        *Holly Springs (NC) Commissioner George Kimble (3/10/97)
        *Holly Springs (NC) Commissioner Kenneth Martin (3/10/97)
        *Holly Springs (NC) Commissioner Edison Perkins (3/10/97)
        *Holly Springs (NC) Commissioner Parrish Womble to EPA (3/
        10/97)
        *Martin County (NC) County Commissioner W. David Cannon to
        U.S. Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) (9/16/97)
        *Mecklenburg County (NC) Board of Commissioners to Carol
        Browner (2/3/97)
        *Wake County (NC) Commissioner Leslie Merrit to U.S.
        Representative David Price (D-NC) (9/29/97)
        *Wake County (NC) Commissioner Betty Lou Ward (also First
        Vice President of the National Assoc. of County Officials) to
        President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *North Dakota Public Service Commissioner Bruce Hagen to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Mayor of Brook Park (D-OH) (6/2/97)
        *Mayor of Canton (R-OH) to President Clinton (5/26/97)
        *Mayor of Fairview Park (OH) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Mayor of Chillicothe (OH) to U.S. Representative Tony Hall
        (D-OH) (8/11/97)
        *Mayor of Fremont (OH) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Mayor of Gibsonburg (OH) to EPA (3/12/97)
        *Mayor of Lima (D-OH) to President Clinton (6/7/97)
        *Mayor of Lima (OH) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Mayor of Lorain (D-OH) to President Clinton (5/28/97)
        *Mayor of Mansfield (D-OH) (5/29/97)
        *Mayor of Maumee (D-OH) (1/2/97)
        *Mayor of Northwood (no party-OH) (12/30/96)
        *Mayor of the Village of Perry (no party-OH) (2/24/97)
        *Mayor of Shelby (D-OH) (2/4/97)
        *Mayor City of Solon (OH) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Toledo (D-OH) (12/27/96)
        *Mayor of Toledo (D-OH) to Vice President Gore (12/20/96)
        *Mayor of Willowick (D-OH) (2/26/97)
        *County Commissioners Association of Ohio to Carol Browner
        (3/10/97)
        *Guernsey County Commissioners (OH) (2/3/97)
        *Mahoning County, OH Commissioner David Engler to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Office of Commissioners of Miami County (OH) to U.S.
        Senator Michael DeWine (R-OH) (3/6/97). This letter went to other
        members of the Ohio Congressional Delegation as well.
        *Miami County (OH) Commissioners Richard Adams, Arthur
        Haddad, and Ann Baird to President Clinton (5/29/97)
        *Montgomery County (OH) Commissioner Don Lucas to Carol
        Browner (1/8/97)
        *Montgomery County (OH) Commissioner Don Lucas to U.S.
        Representative John Boehner (R-OH) (1/7/97)
        *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) (3/6/97)
        *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) to Ohio State
        Senator Karen Gillmor (3/6/97)
        *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) to Ohio State
        Representative Rex Damschroder (3/6/97)
        *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) to U.S.
        Senator Michael DeWine (R-OH) (3/6/97)
        *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) to U.S.
        Senator John Glenn (D-OH) (3/6/97)
        *Stark County Commissioners, OH to Ohio EPA (1/7/97)
        *Wood County (OH) Board of Commissioners to Carol Browner
        (12/31/96)
        *Trumbull County (OH) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Mayor of Ada (OK) to EPA (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Lawton (D-OK) to Carol Browner (2/17/97)
        *Mayor of Oklahoma City (R-OK) to Carol Browner (2/12/97)
        *Mayor of Tulsa (OK) to Carol Browner (1/6/97)
        *Curry County Board of Commissioners (OR) (1/21/97)
        *Deschutes County (OR) Board of Commissioners to Carol
        Browner (2/10/97)
        *Mayor of the Borough of Glassport (D-PA) to Carol Browner
        (1/29/97)
        *Mayor of Media (PA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Murrysville (PA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        Mayor of Philadelphia (D-PA) (10/16/96)
        *Allegheny County (PA) Commissioners Bob Cranmer, Larry
        Dunn, and Mike Dawida to EPA (3/10/97)
        *Butler County (PA) Board of Commissioners Chari (1/13/97)
        *Butler County (PA) Board of Commissioners, James Kennedy,
        Chairman to U.S. Senator Rick Santorum (R-PA) (5/30/97)
        *Lawrence County (PA) Commissioner Thomas J. Fee to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Westmoreland County (PA) Commissioner Tom Balya to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Mayor of Cranston (RI) Michael A. Traficant to U.S.
        Senator John H. Chafee (R-RI) (9/12/97)
        RI League of Cities and Towns (5/16/96)
        *Mayor of Bishopville (SC) to U.S. Senator Ernest F.
        Hollings (D-SC) (no date)
        *Mayor of Bishopville (SC) to Vice President Gore (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of Cayce (SC) to U. S. Senator Ernest F. Hollings
        (D-SC) (8/27/97)
        *Mayor of Columbia (D-SC) (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Columbia (D-SC) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Columbia (D-SC) to Kathleen McGinty, Council on
        Environmental Quality (6/6/97)
        *Mayor of Columbia (D-SC) to U. S. Senator Ernest F.
        Hollings (D-SC) (8/21/97)
        *Mayor of Darlington (SC) to U.S. Senator Ernest F.
        Hollings (D-SC) (8/20/97)
        *Mayor of Darlington (SC) to Kathleen McGinty (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Lancaster (SC) to Vice President Gore (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Marion (SC) to Vice President Gore (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Rock Hill (D-SC) (3/6/97)
        *Mayor of Spartanburg (no party-SC) (3/7/97)
        *Mayor of Spartanburg (SC) to Vice President Al Gore (6/12/
        97)
        *Mayor of Winnsboro (SC) to U.S. Senator Ernest F. Hollings
        (D-SC) (8/18/97)
        *Mayor of Winnsboro (SC) to Vice President Gore (6/12/97)
        *Joint letter from 5 South Carolina mayors (Municipal
        Association of South Carolina) to U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings (D-
        SC). The mayors of Columbia (D), Rock Hill (D), Florence (D)
        Spartanburg (No party), and Greenville (R) signed the letter (5/15/
        97).
        *Mayor of Canton (SD) to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD)
        (8/26/97)
        *Mayor of Canton (SD) to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD)
        (8/26/97)
        *Mayor of Canton (SD) to President Clinton (6/26/97)
        *Mayor of Fort Mill (SC) to U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings
        (D-SC) (10/3/97)
        *Mayor of Hartford (SD) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Mayor of Lennox (SD) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Mayor of Lennox (SD) to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD)
        (8/27/97)
        *Mayor of Lennox (SD) to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD)
        (8/27/97)
        *Mayor's Office City of Mitchell (SD) to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *Mayor of North Sioux City (SD) to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Mayor of Rapid City (R-SD) (2/3/97)
        *South Dakota Association of Counties (3/11/97)
        *South Dakota Commissioner of School & Public Lands, Curt
        Johnson to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *South Dakota Association of County Commissioners to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/21/97)
        *South Dakota Association of County Commissioner to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/21/97)
        *Canton (SD) Commissioner Marie Beitzel to U.S. Senator Tom
        Daschle (D-SD) (8/26/97)
        *Canton (SD) Commissioner Marie Beitzel to U.S. Senator Tim
        Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
        *Canton (SD) Commissioner Marie Beitzel to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Canton (SD) Commissioner Robert Bogue to U.S. Senator Tim
        Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
        *Canton (SD) Commissioner Robert Bogue to U.S. Senator Tom
        Daschle (D-SD) (8/26/97)
        *Canton (SD) City Commissioner Robert Bogue to President
        Clinton (6/26/97)
        *Clay County (SD) Commissioner to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson
        (D-SD) (no date)
        *Clay County (SD) Commissioner to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle
        (D-SD) (no date)
        *Clay County (SD) Commissioner to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Clay County (SD) Commissioner Todd Christensen to U.S.
        Representative Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Clay County (SD) Commissioner Todd Christensen to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Clay County (SD) Commissioner Todd Christensen to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Minnehaha County (SD) Commissioner to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Delores Coffing to
        U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/20/97)
        *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Delores Coffing to
        U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/20/97)
        *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Delores Coffing to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Gale Holbrook to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Mark Kirkeby to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/20/97)
        *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Mark Kirkeby to U. S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/20/97)
        *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Mark Kirkeby to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Pierre (SD) Commissioner of School and Public Lands Curt
        Johnson to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (6/25/97)
        *Pierre (SD) Commissioner of School and Public Lands Curt
        Johnson to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (6/25/97)
        *Tennessee Municipal League (signed by the President and
        Mayor of Knoxville (R-TN)) to Carol Browner (2/17/97)
        *Mayor of Germantown (no party-TN) to Carol Browner (2/7/
        97)
        *Mayor of Germantown (TN) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Mayor of Knoxville (R-TN) to Carol Browner (12/3/96)
        *Mayor of Memphis (TN) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Vice Mayor of Nashville (TN) to Carol Browner (2/4/97)
        *Shelby County, TN Commissioner Buckner Wellford (1/13/97)
        *Mayor of Alamo (TX) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Alamo (TX) to U.S. Representative Ruben Hinojosa
        (D-TX) (8/25/97)
        *Mayor of Beaumont (TX) David W. Moore to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *Mayor of Carrizo Springs (TX) to U.S. Representative Ruben
        Hinojosa (D-TX) (8/24/97)
        *Mayor of Carrizo Springs (TX) to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Mayor of Copperas Cove (TX) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Copperas Cove (TX) to Vice President Gore (6/4/
        97)
        *Mayor of Copperas Cove (TX) to U.S. Representative Chet
        Edwards (D-TX) (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Cotulla City (TX) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of Dallas (no party-TX) to President Clinton (6/5/
        97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Denton (TX) to President Clinton (6/18/
        97)
        *Mayor of Denton (TX) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Mayor of Eagle Pass (TX) to U.S. Representative Ruben
        Hinojosa (D-TX) (8/26/97)
        *Mayor of Eagle Pass (TX) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Mayor of Edinburg (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of Floresville (TX) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Mayor of Fort Worth (TX) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mayor of Gainesville (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Gainesville (TX) to President Clinton (6/
        17/97)
        *Mayor of Groves (TX) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Mayor of La Joya (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of La Villa (TX) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Mayor of Longview (no party-TX) to Sane Saginaw, EPA
        Region VI Administrator (1/30/97)
        *Mayor of Marshall (TX) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of McAllen (TX) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Mayor of McGregor (TX) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of McGregor (TX) to Vice President Gore (6/3/97)
        *Mayor of Mercedes (TX) to President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Mayor of Missouri City (TX) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Mayor of Mountain City (TX) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Mayor of Oglesby (TX) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Mayor of Oglesby (TX) to Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
        *Mayor of Oglesby (TX) to U.S. Representative Chet Edwards
        (D-TX) (no date)
        *Mayor of Pearsall (TX) to U.S. Representative Ciro
        Rodriguez (D-TX) (8/26/97)
        *Mayor of Pearsall (TX) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Pearsall (TX) Rudy Rodriguez to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Mayor of Plano (R-TX) (3/3/97)
        *Mayor of Port Arthur (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor of San Antonio (no party-TX) (3/10/97)
        *Mayor of Sanger (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Mayor Pro Tem of Sanger (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/
        97)
        *Mayor of San Juan (TX) Roberto F. Loredo to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Mayor of Texas City (D-TX) (2/17/97)
        *Mayor of Tyler (TX) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Bexar County Commissioners Court (TX) (2/6/97)
        *Comal County (TX) Commissioner Moe Schwab to President
        Clinton (5/27/97)
        *Comal County (TX) Commissioner Cristina Zamora to
        President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Cooke County (TX) Commissioner Virgil J. Hess to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Dallas County (TX) Commissioner John Wiley Price to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Dimmit County (TX) Commissioner Oscar Alvardo to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Gregg County (TX) Commissioner Charles Davis to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Harrison County (TX) Commissioner Charles. Bennett to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Commissioner Mark L. Domingue to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Commissioner Waymon D. Hallmark to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Lampasas (TX) Commissioner Tommy Harkey to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *La Salle County (TX) Commissioner Roberto Aldaco to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Marshall (TX) Commissioner Martha Robb to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Marshall (TX) Commissioner A. Williams to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Nueces (TX) County Commissioner Oscar Ortiz to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Pecos County (TX) Commissioner to President Clinton (6/6/
        97)
        *Pharr (TX) Commissioner Lalo Arcaute to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *Pleasure Island (TX) Commissioner Phil Hallmark to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Pleasure Island (TX) Commissioner Wade Walters to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *San Patricio (TX) County Commissioner Gordon Porter to
        President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Willacy County (TX) Commissioner Israel Tamez to U.S.
        Representative Solomon Ortiz (D-TX) (9/2/97)
        *Mayor of West Jordan (UT) to EPA (2/18/97)
        *Vermont League of Cities and Towns to the EPA Region I
        Administrator (1/20/97)
        *Virginia Association of Counties (3/6/97)
        *Mayor of Appomattox (VA) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Mayor of Fredericksburg (VA) to President Clinton (6/7/97)
        *Mayor of Norfolk (no party-VA) (2/7/97)
        *Mayor of Virginia Beach (VA) to President Clinton 6/5/97)
        *Chesterfield County (VA) Midlothian District Supervisor
        Edward Barber to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Chesterfield County (VA) Supervisor Edward B. Barber to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Mayor of Lacey (D-WA) (2/24/97)
        *Mayor of Snohomish (WA) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of Spokane (no party-WA) (2/12/97)
        *Mayor of Warden (WA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Adams County (WA) Commissioner William ``Bill'' Schlagel
        to U.S. Representative Rick White (R-WA) (9/3/97)
        *Adams County (WA) Commissioner Bill Wills to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Franklin County (WA) Board of Commissioners to U.S.
        Representative Rick White (R-WA) (8/27/97). (Copies also sent to
        U.S. Senator Slade Gorton (R-WA), U.S. Senator Patty Murray (D-WA),
        U.S. Representative Doc Hastings (R-WA), National Association of
        Counties (NACO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA))
        *Franklin County (WA) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Grant County (WA) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Kittitas County (WA) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Skagit County Board of Commissioners (WA) (1/22/97)
        *Southwest Suburban Sewer District (WA) Commissioner John
        Jovanovich to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Mayor of Bluefield (no party-WV) (3/6/97)
        *Mayor of Huntington (R-WV) (3/6/97)
        *Mayor of Welch (R-WV) to Carol Browner (3/6/97)
        *Mayor of DePere (no party-WI) to Carol Browner (1/21/97)
        *Mayor of New Berlin (WI) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Mayor of Racine (WI) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Wisconsin Alliance of Cities (signed by the Mayor of
        Manitowoc (no party-WI)) to President Clinton (5/2/97)
        *Dane County (WI) Supervisor Andrew Janssen to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Oconto County Board of Supervisors, Legislative Committee
        (WI) (2/10/97)
        *Racine County (WI) Supervisor Raymond DeHahn to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Walworth County (WI) Board of Supervisors Chairman Allen
        L. Morrison to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Waukesha County (WI) Supervisor Carolyn Evenson to
        President Clinton (5/22/97)
        *Waukesha County (WI) Supervisor Jim Strand to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Campbell County Commissioners (WY) (3/6/97)
        *Converse County, WY Board of Commissioners (3/6/97)
        *Fremont County (WY) Commissioners Alma Nicol, Thomas
        Satterfield, Jane Adamson, William Runner and T. Crosby Allen to
        President Clinton (6/3/97)
                                   __________
    Letters/comments from other state and local officials
        *National Association of Regional Councils (3/12/97)
        *Alabama Democratic Party Vice Chair Amy Burks to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Gadsden (AL) Judge of Probate Court Bobby Junkins to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Anchorage (AK) Metropolitan Area Transportation Study,
        Municipality of Anchorage (2/13/97)
        *Arizona Secretary of State Jane Dee Hull to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Pima County (AZ) Department of Environmental Quality (3/
        12/97)
        *Arizona State Mine Inspector Douglas K. Martin to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Flagstaff (AZ) City Councilman Rick Lopez to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Arizona Corporation Commission Chairman Carl J. Kunasek to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Phoenix (AZ) Councilman Sal DiCiccio to President Clinton
        (6/19/97)
        *Phoenix (AZ) Councilman Doug Lingner to President Clinton
        (6/12/97)
        *Alexander (AR) Councilmember Dorothy Smith to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Alexander (AR) Councilmember Doug Sullens to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Wrightsville (AR) Alderman Millie Brooks to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Wrightsville (AR) Alderman Gilbert Harris to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Wrightsville (AR) Alderwoman Dorothy Jackson to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Wrightsville (AR) Alderman Dameter Riley to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Metroplan (AR--a council of local governments) (2/28/97)
        *Arkansas County (AR) Judge Glenn Cox to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Faulkner County (AR) Judge John Wayne Carter to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Hempstead County (AR) Judge Wallace Martin to U.S. Senator
        Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
        *Lake Village (AR) County Judge to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/12/97)
        *Pulaski County (AR) Judge/Chief Executive Officer to
        President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Saline County (AR) Judge Terry M. Parsons to President
        Clinton (6/97)
        *Pulaski County (AR) Justice of the Peace John Lewellen to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Pulaski County (AR) Justice of the Peace Mary Louise
        Williams to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Hempstead County (AR) Treasurer Margie Vickers to U.S.
        Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
        *Wrightsville (AR) Treasurer Carolyn King to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Hempstead County (AR) Clerk Velora Haltom to U.S. Senator
        Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
        *Hempstead County (AR) Circuit Clerk Carolyn Neel to U.S.
        Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
        *Hempstead County (AR) Tax Assessor Darlene Sinyard to U.S.
        Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
        *Anaheim (CA) Councilman, Bob Zemel to President Clinton
        (5/29/97)
        *Anderson (CA) City Councilmember Rodney Jones to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Campbell (CA) City Councilmember Robert Dougherty to U.S.
        Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA) (9/29/7)
        *Cathedral City (CA) Councilmember Gary Amy to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Cathedral City (CA) Councilmember Sarah DiGrandi to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Ceres (CA) City Councilmember Leo Havener, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Ceres (CA) City Councilmember Stan Risen to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Commerce (CA) Councilmember Ray Cisneros to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Commerce (CA) Councilmember Rosalina Lopez to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Del Mar (CA) City Councilmember Andy Schooler to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Desert Hot Springs (CA) Councilmember Gary Bosworth to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Dixon (CA) Councilmember Chris Manson to U.S. Dianne
        Feinstein (D-CA) (6/10/97)
        *El Cajon (CA) Councilman W.E. McClellan to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Fairfield (CA) Councilmember George E. Pettygrove to U.S.
        Representative Vic Fazio (D-CA) (8/26/97)
        *Garden Grove (CA) Councilman Ken Maddox to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Garden Grove (CA) Councilman Mark Leyes to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Huntington Beach (CA) Councilmember David Garofalo to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *City of Irvine (CA) Councilmember Barry Hammond to
        President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Laguna Niguel (CA) Councilmember to President Clinton (6/
        12/97)
        *Laguna Niguel (CA) Councilmember Mark Goodman to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Lake Forest (CA) Councilmember to President Clinton (6/11/
        97)
        *La Mesa (CA) Councilmember Barry Jantz to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Loma Linda (CA) City Councilmember Glenn Elssmann to
        President Clinton (6/14/97)
        *Los Angeles (CA) City Councilman Rudy Svorinich to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Los Gatos (CA) Councilmember Steven Blanton to U.S.
        Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA) (8/28/97)
        *Los Gatos (CA) Councilmember Steven Blanton to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Mission Viejo (CA) Councilmember Sherri M. Butterfield to
        U.S. Senator Feinstein (D-CA) (6/15/97)
        *Mission Viejo (CA) Councilmember Thomas Potocki to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Modesto (CA) City Councilmember David Cogdill, Sr. to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Modesto (CA) City Councilmember Stan Dobbs to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Modesto City (CA) Councilmember Mike Serpa to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Monterey Park (CA) Councilmember Rita Valenzuela to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mountain View (CA) Councilmember Mario Ambra to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Orange (CA) Councilman Mark Murphy to President Clinton
        (6/12/97)
        *Pismo Beach (CA) Councilman Bill Rabenalde to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Powy (CA) City Councilmember Mickey Cafagna to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Redwood City (CA) Councilman Matt Leipzig to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Rocklin (CA) Councilmember Peter Hill to President Clinton
        (6/12/97)
        *Sacramento (CA) Councilman Robert Kerth to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Sacramento (CA) Councilmember Robbie Waters to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *San Bernardino (CA) Councilmember Edward Negrete to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *San Diego (CA) City Councilmember Judy McCarty to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *San Diego (CA) City Councilmember Byron Wear to President
        Clinton (5/30/97)
        *San Diego (CA) City Councilmember Byron Wear to U.S.
        Representative Bilbray (R-CA) (8/25/97)
        *San Jose (CA) Councilmember David Pandori to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Santee (CA) Councilman Randy Voepel to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *Shasta County (CA) Supervisor Patricia Clarke to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *South El Monte (CA) Councilman Arthur Olmos to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Torrance (CA) Councilman Dan Walker to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *Turlock (CA) City Councilmember John Lazar to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Monrovia (CA) City Manager Donald Hopper to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Spring Valley County (CA) official Susan Price to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Feather River Air Quality Management District (CA) to EPA
        (2/13/97)
        *North Coast Unified Air Quality Management District (CA)
        (3/6/97)
        *San Diego County Air Pollution Control District (CA) (1/
        13/97)
        *San Diego County (CA) Chairman of the Air Pollution
        Control Board Bill Horn to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District
        (CA) (1/2/97)
        *Santa Barbara County (CA) Air Pollution Control District
        to EPA (2/25/97)
        *Santa Maria (CA) Public Airport District Director Muril
        Clift to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Los Rios (CA) Community College Trustee Terry Cochran to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Saddleback Community College District (CA) Board of
        Trustees Vice President John S. Williams to President Clinton (6/
        14/97)
        *San Diego (CA) Community College District Ken Moser to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *West Valley-Mission Community College District Trusee
        Karin Dowdy to U.S. Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA) (8/27/97)
        *West Valley-Mission Community College District (CA)
        Trustee Brian K. Sloan to U.S. Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA)
        (no date)
        *Sacramento (CA) Municipal Utility District, member, Board
        of Directors, Anthony Pescetti to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Foothill Municipal Water District (CA) to U.S.
        Representative James Rogan (R-CA) (9/11/97)
        *Helix Water District (CA) board member Barbara Barber to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Irvine Ranch (CA) Water District Board President Darryl
        Miller to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Irvine Rancho Water District board member John Withers to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Los Alisos (CA) Water District Vice President James Reed
        to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Olivenhain (CA) Municipal Water District General Manager
        David McCollom to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Olivehain (CA) Municipal Water District General Manager
        David C. McCollom to U.S. Senator Feinstein (D-CA) (6/16/97)
        *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District Director
        Phillip Anthony to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District official--also
        President of Bannister & Associates Insurance to President Clinton
        (6/4/97)
        *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District official Wes
        Bannister to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District board member
        Wayne Clark to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District official
        Kenneth Witt to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Padre Dam (CA) Municipal Water Board member, Lex Boswell
        to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Santa Clara Valley (CA) Water District, Robert W. Gross
        Ph.D to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Santa Clara Valley (CA) Water District board member
        Gregory Zlotnick to President Clinton (6/14/97)
        *Santa Margarita (CA) Water District Board member Roger
        Faubel to President Clinton (5/29/97)
        *Santa Margarita (CA) Water District Board member Saundra
        Jacobs to President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Yucaipa Valley (CA) Water District President Steve Copelan
        and Director Conrad Nelson to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Bonita (CA) School Board member to President Clinton (6/
        16/97)
        *Bonsall (CA) Unified School District representative Arlene
        Ruiz to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Elverta (CA) Joint Elementary School District Trustee
        Sandra Felley to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Fallbrook (CA) School Board Member Lynn Colburn to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Cajon Valley (CA) School Board Member Nancye M. Splintor
        to President Clinton (no date)
        *Garden Grove (CA) Unified School District board member
        Terry Cantrell to President Clinton (6/18/96)
        *Inglewood (CA) School Board Member Thomasina Reed to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Lynwood (CA) Vice President Board of Education Cynthia
        Green-Geter to President Clinton (no date)
        *Marysville (CA) Joint United School District Trustee
        Sherrill Webb to President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Montebello (CA) Unified School District President Thomas
        M. Caldron to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Newport-Mesa (CA) Unified School District Trustee Judy
        Franco to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Newport-Mesa (CA) Unified School District Trustee Wendy
        Leece to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Newport-Mesa (CA) Unified School District Trustee Serena
        R. Stokes to President Clinton (6/28/97)
        *Orange County (CA) School Board member Maureen Aschoff to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Orange (CA) Unified School District Trustee Martin
        Jacobson to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Orange County (CA) School Board Member Bill Lewis to
        President Clinton (6/19/96)
        *Orange County (CA) Board of Education Trustee Dr. Ken
        Williams to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Orange County (CA) School Board Member Eric Woolery to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Saddleback Valley (CA) Unified School District Trustee
        Marcia Birch to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Saddleback Valley (CA) Unified School District Trustee
        Dore Gilbert to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *San Diego County (CA) Board of Education member Thomas P.
        Davies, Ph.D to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *San Diego County (CA) School Board member John Witt to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Santa Ana (CA) School Board Member Rosie Avila to
        President Clinton (6/15/97)
        *West Covina (CA) School Board President Mike Spence to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Vallecitos (CA) School Board member Craig Olson to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *School Board official (CA) Harald G. Martin to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Monterey Park (CA) Clerk David M. Barron to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *City of Del Mar (CA) Andy Schooler, to President Clinton
        (6/3/97)
        *Kern County, CA Planning Department, Resource Management
        Agency to EPA (3/12/97)
        *Orange County, Transportation Corridor Agencies, William
        Woollett, Jr., Chief Executive Officer (CA) (3/10/97)
        *Orange County (CA) Council of Governments (2/3/97)
        *Calaveras County (CA) Agriculture and Environmental
        Management Agency, Air Pollution Control District to Carol Browner
        (3/10/97)
        *San Luis Obispo Council of Governments, Regional
        Transportation Planning Agency (3/12/97)
        *County Sanitation Districts of Orange County, CA (3/10/97)
        *Southern California Association of Governments (2/14/97)
        *Shasta County (CA) Department of Resource Management (3/3/
        97)
        *Palomar Pomerado (CA) Health System Trustee Karen Kirchoff
        to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Palomar Pomerado Health System (CA) Trustee Nancy Scofield
        to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Nipomo (CA) President, Board of Directors, Nipoma
        Community Services District Kathleen A. Fairbanks to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *East County (CA) Fire Chief Darrell Jobes to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *West Valley Mission (CA) Community College Trustee Brian
        K. Sloan to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Lewes (DE) Board of Public Works to David McKee, U.S. EPA
        (3/7/97)
        *Seaford (DE) City Manager to David McKee, U.S. EPA (3/7/
        97)
        *Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies (DC) (3/12/
        97)
        *Hialeah (FL) Council President Herman Echevarria to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Hialeah (FL) City Councilman Guy Sanchez to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Hialeah (FL) Councilmember Jose Yedra to President Clinton
        (6/11/97)
        *Jacksonville Beach (FL) Councilman Mitch Kinsey to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Metro-Dade (FL) Community Councilmember Arnaldo ``Arnie''
        Llerena to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Metro-Dade County (FL) Senator Gwen Margolis to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Metro-Dade County (FL) Councilwoman Jacqueline V. Pepper
        to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Metro-Dade (FL) Community Councilman Melford Pinder to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *St. Petersburg (FL) City Council Chairman Ernest Fillyau,
        Sr. to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *St. Petersburg (FL) City Councilmember Frank Peterman, Jr.
        to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Sweetwater (FL) City Council Vice President Prisca Barreto
        to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Sweetwater (FL) Council President Jose L. Diaz to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Sweetwater (FL) City Councilmember Manuel Duasso to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Sweetwater (FL) Councilmember Manolo Fernandez to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Sweetwater (FL) Councilmember Jesus Mesa to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Sweetwater (FL) City Councilmember Luis M. Rodriguez to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Tampa (FL) City Councilmember to U.S. Representative Jim
        Davis (D-FL) (9/23/97)
        *Volusia County (FL) Councilmember Freddye C. Moore to
        President Clinton (6/27/97)
        *Pinellas County (FL) Department of Environmental
        Management (3/12/97)
        *Supervisor of Elections (FL) Barbara Kirkman, to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Seminole County (FL) Tax Collector Ray Valdes to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Florida Association of Counties to U.S. Senator Bob Graham
        (D-FL) (5/7/97)
        *Dade County (FL) School Board member Betsy Kaplan to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Dade County (FL) School Board Chair Solomon Stinson to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Dade County (FL) School Board member Frederick Wilson to
        President Clinton
        *Pinellas County (FL) Urban League President James O.
        Simmons to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Atlanta (GA) Councilmember Pamela Alexander President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Atlanta (GA) City Councilmember Michael Julian Bond to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Atlanta (GA) City Councilmember Sheila Martin Brown to
        President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Eatonton (GA) City Councilman John Reid to U. S. Senator
        Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
        *Eatonton (GA) City Councilman John Reid to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *DeKalb County (GA) Chief Executive Officer, Liane Levetan
        to President Clinton (2/10/97)
        *Illinois/Iowa Bi-State Regional Commission (2/12/97)
        *Caldwell (ID) City Engineer to Carol Browner (1/21/97)
        *Caldwell (ID) City Engineer to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Central Advisory Council (IL) Artensa Randolph, Chairman
        to Lynn Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (6/5/97)
        *IL State Central Committeeman Cora McGrudger to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wheeling Township (IL) Committeeman Pat Botterman to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Thomas R. Allen to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderperson Carrie M. Austin to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman John Buchanan to President Clinton
        (6/5/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Walter Burnett to President Clinton
        (6/15/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Sam Burrell to President Clinton (6/
        12/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Vilma Colom to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Percy Z. Giles to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Bernard Hansen to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick M. Huels to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Virgil Jones to President Clinton
        (6/12/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick Levar to President Clinton
        (6/19/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick J. Levar to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick J. Levar to U.S. Senator
        Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick J. Levar to U.S.
        Representative Rod R. Blagojevich (D-IL) (9/10/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick O'Connor to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Gene Schulter to President Clinton
        (6/19/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Dan Sohns to President Clinton (6/
        17/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Michael A. Wojcik to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Michael R. Zalewski to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Michael R. Zalewski to U.S. Senator
        Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (no date)
        *Chicago (IL) Alderman Michael R. Zalewski to U.S. Senator
        Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (no date)
        *Chicago (IL) City Clerk James Laski to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *Pekin City (IL) City Manager Dick Hierstein to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Hanover Township (IL) Trustee Brian McGuire to U.S.
        Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/12/97)
        *Hanover Township (IL) Trustee Brian McGuire to U.S.
        Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/12/97)
        *Rock Island (IL) Sheriff Michael Grchan to U.S.
        Representative Lane Evans (D-IL) (no date)
        *Pekin (IL) Director of Public Property Gregory J. Ranney
        to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Indianapolis (IN) Councilmember Beulah Coughenour to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Indianapolis (IN) Councilman Jeffrey Golc to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Indianapolis (IN) Councilmember William G. Schneider to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Mt. Pleasant (IA) Councilmembers, Steve Brimhall, Beryl
        Shahan, Art Hamm, Wally Ray, J. Beams and Stan Curtis to U.S.
        Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA) (8/18/97)
        *Sellersburg (IN) Councilmembers, David Broady, Kenneth
        Alexander, William Voylos, Gary Fenner, and Aulton Eddings to U.S.
        Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) (8/19/97)
        *Marion County (IN) Assessor Bernard J. Gohmann, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Davenport (IA) Aldermen Robert Lank, Joe Seng, Bob
        Tappendorf, George Nickolas, Dan Vance, James Stolley, Jim Hayek,
        Tom Carroll, Barney Barnhill and Ruth Reynolds to U.S.
        Representative Jim Leach (R-IA) (8/28/97). This letter was also
        sent to U.S. Senator Harkin (D-IA).
        *De Soto (IA) Assistant City Manager Bill Lindley to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Marion (IA) Acting City Manager Riley F. Simpson to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Davenport (IA) City Administrator James Pierce to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Mason City (IA) City Administrator Charles B. Hammen to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Muscatine (IA) City Administrator Kevin Whittaker to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Marion County (IN) Assessor Bernard J. Gohmann, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Webster City (IA) Assistant City Manager Michael D. Quinn
        to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Forest City (IA) City Clerk Paul Boock to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Fort Dodge (IA) City Clerk/Finance Director, Dennis
        Milefchik to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wyandotte County (KS) Health Department, Department of Air
        Quality (3/11/97)
        Bullitt County (KY) Judge (5/3/96)
        Campbell County (KY) Judge (5/9/96)
        Kenton County (KY) Judge (4/29/96)
        *Clay County (KY) Judge Executive, James Garrison to Carol
        Browner (3/4/97)
        *Lafayette Consolidated Government (LA) Parish President
        Walter Comeaux, Jr. to Carol Browner (2/14/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Council Chairman Aaron Broussard to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Patricia A. Johnson to President
        Clinton (5/29/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Patricia A. Johnson to U.S.
        Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Patricia A. Johnson to U.S.
        Senator Breaux (D-LA) (5/29/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Patricia A. Johnson to U.S.
        Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (5/29/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Erroll G. Williams to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Erroll G. Williams to U.S.
        Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Erroll G. Williams to U.S.
        Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Erroll G. Williams to U.S.
        Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Councilmember Aaron Broussard to
        Carol Browner (7/16/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Councilmember Aaron Broussard to
        Vice President Gore (7/16/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Troy A. Carter to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Troy A. Carter to U.S.
        Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/21/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Troy A. Carter to U.S.
        Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Troy A. Carter to U.S.
        Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Roy E. Glapion, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Roy E. Glapion, Jr. to
        U.S. Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Roy E. Glapion to U.S.
        Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/12/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Roy E. Glapion to U.S.
        Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (6/12/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Suzanne Haik Terrell
        to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Suzanne Haik Terrell
        to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Suzanne Haik Terrell
        to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Ellen Hazeur-Distance
        to President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Ellen Hazeur Distance
        to U.S. Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Ellen Hazeur-Distance
        to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Ellen Hazeur-Distance
        to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember R.E. ``Gus'' Payne to
        President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember R.E. ``Gus'' Payne to
        U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/2/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember R.E. ``Gus'' Payne to
        U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/2/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Jim Singleton to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Jim Singleton to U.S.
        Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilman-at-Large Jim Singleton to
        U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilman-at-Large Jim Singleton to
        U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Oliver Thomas to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Peggy Wilson to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Peggy Wilson to U.S.
        Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/20/97)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilwoman Peggy Wilson to U.S.
        Senator Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
        *New Orleans (LA) City Councilwoman Peggy Wilson to U.S.
        Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
        *Shreveport (LA) City Councilmember Keith Hightower to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Shreveport (LA) City Councilmember Keith Hightower to U.S.
        Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (6/11/97)
        *St. James Parish (LA) Councilmember Timothy Roussel to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Abita Springs (LA) Justice of the Peace Mario Ventura to
        U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
        *Abita Springs (LA) Justice of the Peace Mario Ventura to
        U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
        *Abita Springs (LA) Justice of the Peace Mario Ventura to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Justice of the Peace Steve J.
        Mortillaro to U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Justice of the Peace Steve
        Mortillaro to U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Justice of the Peace Steve J.
        Mortillaro to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board member Bill Bowers to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Bill Bowers to
        U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Bill Bowers to
        U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board President J. Berengher
        Brechtel to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board President J. Berengher
        Brechtel to U.S. Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/13/97)
        *Orleans (LA) Parish School Board President J. Berenger
        Brechtel to U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/11/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board member Maudelle Cade to
        President Clinton (5/28/97). Also Executive Director of Covenant
        House New Orleans.
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Maudelle Cade to
        U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (5/28/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Maudelle Cade to
        U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (5/28/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Cheryl Cramer to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Cheryl Q. Cramer
        to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Cheryl Q. Cramer
        to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Carolyn Ford to
        U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Carolyn Ford to
        U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Carolyn Ford to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Vice President Gail M.
        Glapion to President Clinton (5/29/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Vice President Gail M.
        Glapion to U.S. Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/15/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Vice President Gail M.
        Glapion to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (5/29/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Vice President Gail M.
        Glapion to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (5/29/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Clerk Terrie Rodrigue to the
        Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (5/23/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Clerk Terrie Rodrigue to U.S. EPA
        (5/23/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Constable Salvador Liberto to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Constable Salvador Liberto to U.S.
        Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/5/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Constable Salvador Liberto to U.S.
        Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/5/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Constable Salvador Liberto to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Sheriff Harry Lee to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Sheriff Harry Lee to U.S. Senator
        Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/25/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Sheriff Harry Lee to U.S. Senator
        John Breaux (D-LA) (6/25/97)
        *St. Tammany Parish (LA) Police Jury Floyd Glass to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *St. Tammany Parish (LA) Police Jury Floyd Glass to U.S.
        Senator Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
        *St. Tammany Parish (LA) Police Jury Floyd Glass to U.S.
        Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
        *St. Tammany Parish (LA) District Attorney Walter P. Reed
        to President Clinton (no date)
        *St. Tammany Parish (LA) District Attorney Walter P. Reed
        to U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
        *St. Tammany Parish (LA) District Attorney Walter P. Reed
        to U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman Joseph Lama to
        U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeemen Joseph Lama to
        U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman Jim Nugent to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman Jim Nugent to
        U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA)(6/9/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman Jim Nugent to
        U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
        *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman John Treen to
        U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/11/97)
        *Louisiana State Executive Committee of the Republican
        Party member V.J. Bruno to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
        *Louisiana State Executive Committee of the Republican
        Party member V.J. Bruno to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
        *Louisiana State Central Committee of the Republican Party
        official Francis Berger to U.S. John Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
        *Louisiana State Central Committee of the Republican Party
        official Francis Berger to U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (no
        date)
        *Baltimore (MD) City Councilman Nicholas C. D'Adamo, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *City of Detroit (MI) Department of Environmental Affairs
        (3/12/97)
        *Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) to EPA
        (2/28/97)
        *West Michigan Shoreline Regional Development Commission to
        EPA, MI DEQ, MI DOT, and Muskegon area local units of government
        (3/6/97)
        *Detroit (MI) City Councilmember Gil Hill to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Detroit (MI) City Councilmember Alberta Tinsley-Williams
        to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Grand Blanc (MI) City Councilmember Jeffrey C. Pardee to
        U.S. Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Grand Blanc (MI) City Councilmember Jeffrey C. Pardee to
        U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Scottville (MI) City Manager (3/4/97)
        *Pere Marquette Charter Township Board (MI) (2/12/97)
        *Board of Trustees, Canton, Wayne County, Michigan to EPA
        (3/12/97)
        *Boston Township (MI) Clerk Carolyn K. Longwell to U.S.
        Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) (9/3/97)
        *Boston Township (MI) Clerk Carolyn K. Longwell to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/3/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Clerk Michael J. Carr to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Clerk Michael J. Carr to U.S. Senator
        Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/20/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Clerk Michael J. Carr to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/20/97)
        *Ionia County (MI) Clerk Barbara A. Trierweiler to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/25/97)
        *Ionia County (MI) Clerk Barbara A. Trierweiler to U.S.
        Representative Vernon J. Ehlers (R-MI) (8/25/97)
        *Macomb Township (MI) Clerk Norman J. Snay to U.S.
        Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (9/5/97)
        *Macomb Township (MI) Clerk Norman J. Snay to U.S. Carl
        Levin (D-MI) (9/5/97)
        *Oscoda County (MI) Clerk Patsy J. Peters to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Sebewa Township (MI) Clerk Grayden D. Slowins to U.S.
        Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) (9/3/97)
        *Sebewa Township (MI) Clerk Grayden D. Slowins to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/3/97)
        *Ada Township (MI) Treasurer Carolyn Soderberg to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/29/97)
        *Ada Township (MI) Treasurer Carolyn Soderberg to U.S.
        Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) (8/29/97)
        *Barry County (MI) Treasurer Susan VandeCar to U.S.
        Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) (9/22/97)
        *Berrien County (MI) Treasurer William A. Wolf to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Crawford County (MI) Treasurer to U.S. Representative Bart
        Stupak (D-MI) (9/11/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Treasurer Daniel T. Kildee to
        President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Treasurer Daniel T. Kildee to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/26/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Treasurer Daniel T. Kildee to U. S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/26/97)
        *Grand Blanc Township (MI) Treasurer Jeffrey Cyphert to
        U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Fenton Township (MI) Trustee Denise Ketchmark to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/27/97)
        *Fenton Township (MI) Trustee Denise Ketchmark to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/27/97)
        *Flint Township (MI) Treasurer Sandra S. Wright to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Flint Township (MI) Treasurer Sandra S. Wright to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
        *Macomb Township (MI) Treasurer Marie E. Malburg to U.S.
        Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (9/5/97)
        *Macomb Township (MI) Treasurer Marie E. Malburg to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/5/97)
        *Breitung Township (MI) Trustee Barbara J. Oliver to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Flint Township (MI) Trustee George Menoutes to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/29/97)
        *Flint Township (MI) Trustee George Menoutes to U. S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/29/97)
        *Thetford Township (MI) Trustee E.H. Benning to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Thetford Township (MI) Trustee Edgar Benning to U.S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (4/24/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Prosecutor Arthur A. Busch to U.S.
        Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/27/97)
        *Genesee County (MI) Prosecutor Arthur A. Busch to U. S.
        Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/27/97)
        *Macomb County (MI) Prosecuting Attorney Carl Marlinga to
        U.S. Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (8/22/97)
        *Macomb County (MI) Prosecuting Attorney Carl Marlinga to
        U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/22/97)
        *Wayne County (MI) Executive Edward McNamara to President
        Clinton (6/97)
        *Bloomington (MN) City Councilmember Peggy Ramthun to U.S.
        Representative Jim Ramstad (R-MN) (no date)
        Office of the County Executive, St. Charles County,
        Missouri (8/19/96)
        *Office of the County Executive, St. Charles County,
        Missouri (1/13/97)
        *Office of the County Executive, St. Charles County,
        Missouri to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Missouri Municipal League to Sally Katzen, OMB (5/27/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator (Chairman of Land Use
        Committee) Fred Arbanas to U.S. Representative Karen McCarthy (D-
        MO) (8/25/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator John Burnett to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Carl Bussey to President
        Clinton (5/27/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Carl Bussey to President
        Clinton (5/27/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator (Chairman of the
        Legislature) Victor Callahan to U.S. Representative Karen McCarthy
        (D-MO) (8/25/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Dixie Flynn to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Victor Callahan to
        President Clinton (5/23/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Dan Tarwater to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Dan Tarwater to U.S.
        Representative Karen McCarthy (D-MO) (8/19/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Fred Arbanas to President
        Clinton (5/23/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator John Graham to President
        Clinton (5/27/97)
        *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Dennis Waits to President
        Clinton (5/23/97)
        *Glendale (MO) Alderman Richard Magee to President Clinton
        (6/2/97)
        *Lincoln County, Department of Environmental Health (MT)
        (3/6/97)
        *Lincoln County (MT) Department of Environmental Health to
        Erskine Bowles, White House Chief of Staff (6/19/97)
        *Omaha (NE) City Councilmember Lormong Lo to U.S. Senator
        Bob Kerry (D-NE) (9/5/97)
        *Metropolitan Area Planning Agency (MAPA) (NE--a council of
        governments) (3/11/97)
        *Joseph Salitros, City Administrator, Wayne, NE to EPA (2/
        28/97)
        *Auburn (NE) Board of Public Works to EPA (2/17/97)
        *Sidney (NE) official Marlan V. Ferguson to U.S. Senator
        Bob Kerry (D-NE) (9/3/97)
        *Boulder City (NV) Councilwoman Iris Bletsch to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Las Vegas (NV) Councilman Matthew Callister to President
        Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Las Vegas (NV) Councilman Gary Reese to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *North Las Vegas (NV) Councilman Theron H. Goynes to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *North Las Vegas (NV) Councilman William Robinson to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *North Las Vegas (NV) Councilman John Rhodes to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Boulder City (NV) Councilman Byran Nix to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Bolder City (NV) Councilman Bryan Nix to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/15/97)
        *Henderson (NV) Councilman David Wood to U.S.
        Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (no date)
        *Santa Fe (NM) City Councilor Amy Manning to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Socorro (NM) Councilman Danny Armijo to President Clinton
        (6/5/97)
        *Espanola City (NM) Acting City Manager Alice D. Lucero to
        President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Socorro County (NM) Treasurer Isabel M. Montoya to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Lea County (NM) Sheriff Bill Lane to President Clinton (6/
        12/97)
        *Santa Fe County (NM) Sheriff Benjamin Montano to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Les County (NM) Presiding Magistrate Judge Jack D. Bailey
        to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Socorro County (NM) Judge to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Lea County (NM) Assessor Melba Hamby to President Clinton
        (6/12/97)
        *Santa Fe County (NM) Assessor Benito J. Martinez, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Socorro (NM) state official Jean Fraissinet to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Espanola (NM) Chief Deputy Clerk Dorothy Borrego to
        President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Socorro County (NM) Clerk Carmen Gallegos to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Association of Towns of the State of New York to U.S.
        Representative Michael McNulty (D-NY) (5/14/97) Same letter mailed
        to entire NY Congressional Delegation.
        *Orange County (NY) Legislator Rich Baum to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Orange County (NY) Legislators Richard L. Hansen, Sr. and
        Roberta K Murphy to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Orange County (NY) Legislators Roberta Murphy and Richard
        Hansen, Jr. to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Spring Valley (NY) Planning Board member Ryan Karben to
        President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Suffolk County (NY) Legislator David Bishop to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Haverstraw (NY) Village Trustee Ricky Sanchez to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Camden County (NC) Board of Commissioners to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Clayton (NC) Councilmember Roy Green to U.S.
        Representative Bobby Etheridge (D-NC) (no date)
        *Clayton (NC) Councilmember Sue Johnson to U.S.
        Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) (8/2/97)
        *Durham (NC) City Councilman Tyrone Cox to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Goldsboro (NC) Councilman Tim Bartlett to U.S.
        Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) (8/29/97)
        *Greensboro (NC) City Councilwoman Claudette Burroughs-
        White to President Clinton (5/28/97)
        *Greensboro (NC) City Councilwoman Yvonne Johnson to
        President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Greensboro (NC) City Councilman Earl Jones to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Hickory (NC) City Councilman Robert Southerland to EPA (3/
        10/97)
        *Wilmington (NC) City Councilman (3/10/97)
        *Apex (NC) Assistant Town Manager J. Michael Wilson to EPA
        (3/10/97)
        *Bessemer City (NC) City Manager Ralph Messera to EPA (3/
        10/97)
        *Henderson (NC) City Manager Eric Williams to EPA (3/10/97)
        *Hickory (NC) City Manager B. McGee to EPA (3/10/97)
        *Hickory (NC) Assistant City Manager (3/10/97)
        *Lexington (NC) City Manager R. Duke Whisenant to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Wilmington (NC) City Manager (3/10/97)
        *Hickory (NC) Alderman (3/10/97)
        *Durham, Chapel Hill, Carrboro (NC) Metropolitan Planning
        Organization to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
        *North Dakota Secretary of State to President Clinton (6/
        10/97)
        *North Dakota State Labor Commissioner Craig Hagen to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (3/10/97)
        *City of Ashtubula, Board of Health (OH) (1/29/97)
        *Ashtabula County (OH) Health Department (2/19/97)
        *Cuyahoga County (OH) Board of Health, Health Commissioner
        Timothy Horgan to Donald Schregardus, Ohio EPA (1/30/97)
        *Monroe Township Board of Trustees, Ashtabula County, OH
        (2/28/97)
        *Akron Metropolitan Area Transportation Study (OH) (2/27/
        97)
        *Brook Park City Council, Michael Gammella, Council
        President (OH) (3/5/97)
        *Lima, OH City Sanitary Engineer (3/12/97)
        *Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission (OH) (1/22/97)
        *Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission (OH) to selected
        Ohio state Senators and Representatives (1/22/97)
        *Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission (OH) to selected
        Ohio state Senators and Representatives (different letter than
        above) (1/22/97)
        *Medina County Health Department (OH) (1/13/97)
        *Village of Ottawa Hills, OH Village Manager (2/12/97)
        *Summit County, OH County Engineer Gene Esser, P.E. (2/6/
        97)
        *Tim Davis, County Executive, Summit County (OH) to
        President Clinton (5/15/97)
        *St. Marys (OH) Department of Public Works and Safety (3/
        11/97)
        *St. Mary's (OH) Industrial/Community Development
        Department to Carol Browner (2/10/97)
        *Ross County Sheriff (OH) to U.S. Senator John Glenn (D-OH)
        (4/19/97)
        *Ross County (OH) Sheriff Ronald L. Nichols to U.S.
        Representative Tony Hall (D-OH) (8/7/97)
        *Ross County (OH) Auditor Stephen A. Neal to U.S.
        Representative Tony Hall (D-OH) (8/5/97)
        *Ross County (OH) Treasurer to U.S. Representative Sherrod
        Brown (D-OH) (4/19/97)
        *Ross County (OH) Treasurer Felix Melaragno to U.S.
        Representative Tony Hall (D-OH) (8/11/97)
        *Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments, OH
        (TMACOG) (12/23/96)
        Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments, OH
        (TMACOG) (11/25/96)
        *Toledo (OH) Councilwoman, Edna Brown (3/5/97)
        *Toledo-Lucas County (OH) Port Authority to Carol Browner
        (3/4/97)
        *Toledo/Lucas County (OH) Convention & Visitors Bureau to
        Carol Browner (2/25/97)
        *Caroll County (OH) Economic Development Council to Carol
        Browner (1/28/97)
        *Allen County (OH) Department of Public Health, David
        Rosebrock, Health Commissioner to EPA (3/7/97)
        *Saybrook Township Trustees to U.S. Representative Steven
        LaTourette (R-OH) (3/5/97)
        *Williamsburg Township (OH) Board of Trustees to Hamilton
        County Environmental Services (1/13/97)
        *Barbara Young, Councilmember-At-Large, Ada, OK to EPA (3/
        10/97)
        *Village of Whitehouse (OH) Administrator Randy Bukas to
        Carol Browner (2/5/97)
        *Association of Central Oklahoma Governments to Carol
        Browner (3/3/97)
        *Klamath County (OR) Department of Human Services, Public
        Health Division (3/12/97)
        *Erie (PA) Councilman Robert L. Okicki to President Clinton
        (6/11/97)
        *Erie (PA) Councilwoman Joy Greco to President Clinton (6/
        10/97)
        *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilman David Cohen to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Happy Fernandez to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember James Kenney to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilwoman Donna Reed Miller to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Michael A. Nutter to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Michael A. Nutter to
        U.S. Representative Robert A. Borksi (D-PA) (9/9/97)
        *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Michael A. Nutter to
        U.S. Representative Paul McHale (D-PA) (9/9/97)
        *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Michael A. Nutter to
        U.S. Representative Chaka Fattah (D-PA) (9/9/97)
        *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember John F. Street to
        President Bill Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Borough of Chambersburg (PA) Electric Department
        Superintendent to David McKee, U.S. EPA (3/6/97)
        *Lebanon County (PA) Conservation District to Michael
        McCabe, EPA Region III Administrator (2/14/97)
        *Borough of Churchill (PA) Police Department to EPA (3/7/
        97)
        *Borough of West Chester (PA) Manager Ernie McNeely to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Cranston (RI) Director of Administration to U.S. Senator
        John H. Chafee (R-RI) (9/12/97)
        *Barnwell County (SC) Councilmember Harold Buckmon to U.S.
        Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/29/97)
        *Barnwell County (SC) Councilman Harold Buckmon to Vice
        President Gore (no date)
        *Barnwell County (SC) Treasurer Pickens Williams, Jr. to
        Kathleen McGinty (6/24/97)
        *Charleston (SC) City Councilmember Larry D. Shirley to
        U.S. Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (8/25/97)
        *Columbia (SC) City Councilmember Jim Papadea to U.S.
        Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (9/2/97)
        *Columbia (SC) Councilman Jim Papadea to Kathleen McGinty
        (6/16/97)
        *Florence (SC) City Councilman Billy D. Williams to U.S.
        Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/20/97)
        *Florence City (SC) Councilman Billy D. Williams to Vice
        President Gore (6/20/97)
        *Florence County (SC) Councilmember Joe W. King to U.S.
        Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/21/97)
        *Florence County (SC) Councilmember Joe King to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Richland County (SC) Councilmember Harriet Gardin Fields
        to U.S. Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/18/97)
        *Richland County (SC) Councilmember Harriet Fields to Vice
        President Gore (6/5/97)
        *Richland County (SC) Councilmember Paul Livingston to Vice
        President Al Gore (6/20/97)
        *Ridgeville (SC) Councilmember R. Wesley Snipes to U.S.
        Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (9/2/97)
        *Ridgeville (SC) Councilmember R. Wesley Snipes to U.S.
        Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (9/2/97)
        *Barnwell County (SC) Treasurer to U.S. Senator Ernest F.
        Hollings (D-SC) (8/28/97)
        *Newberry County (SC) Auditor Nancy Owen to Vice President
        Gore (6/20/97)
        *South Carolina State Comptroller General Earle Morris, Jr.
        to Kathleen McGinty(6/9/97)
        *Pennington County Air Quality Office, South Dakota (2/10/
        97)
        *Custer City (SD) Councilmember Behlings to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Custer City (SD) Councilmember Ron Bradeen (6/11/97)
        *Hartford (SD) Councilmember Barney Smith to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Hartford (SD) City Councilman Barney Smith to U.S. Senator
        Daschle (D-SD) (8/28/97)
        *Hartford (SD) City Councilman Barney Smith to U.S. Senator
        Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/28/97)
        *Lennox (SD) Alderwoman Marlene Harms to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *Lennox (SD) Alderwoman Marlene Harms to U.S. Senator Tim
        Johnson (D-SD) (8/27/97)
        *Lennox (SD) Alderwoman Marlene Harms to U.S. Senator Tom
        Daschle (D-SD) (8/27/97)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilman Edward Anderson to President
        Clinton (6/22/97)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Pete Bruce to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Pete Bruce to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilman Peter Bruce to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Stephen Peschong to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Bill Rubendall to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Bill Rubendall to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Bill Rubendall to
        President Clinton (no date) (6/13/97)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Don Verhey to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Don Verhey to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Don Verhey to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Rapid City (SD) Councilmember Karen Bulman to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Rapid City (SD) Councilmember Karen Bulman to U.S. Senator
        Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Rapid City (SD) Councilmember Karen Bulman to U.S Senator
        Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Rapid City (SD) Alderman C.C. Knapp to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *Rapid City (SD) Alderman C.C. ``Buzz'' Knapp to U. S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/16/97)
        *Rapid City (SD) Alderman C.C. ``Buzz'' Knapp to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/16/97)
        *Rapid City (SD) Council President Stan Petrik to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Rapid City (SD) Council President Stan Petrik to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/18/97)
        *Rapid City (SD) Council President Stan Petrik to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/18/97)
        *Vermillion City (SD) Councilman LeRoy Backhaus to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Vermillion City (SD) Councilman LeRoy Backhaus to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *South Dakota School Board Member Vicki Clarke to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *South Dakota School Board Member Vicki Clarke to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) School Board Member Vicki Clarke to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) School Board Member Linda Margheim to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) School Board President Steven M. Rice to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) Board of Education President Steven Rice to
        U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Mitchell (SD) Board of Education President Steven Rice to
        U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member Darrel Ludeman to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member Darrel Ludeman to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member Nick Merringer to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member Nick Merringer to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member to President Clinton
        (no date)
        *Clay County (SD) Auditor Boneva R. Albers to U.S. Senator
        Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
        *Clay County (SD) Auditor Boneva R. Albers to U.S. Senator
        Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
        *Clay County (SD) Auditor Boneva R. Albers to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Clay County (SD) Sheriff Raymond Passick to U.S. Senator
        Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
        *Montgomery County (TN) Commissioner Norman Young to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Justin Wilson, Deputy to Governor (TN) for Policy to EPA
        (3/10/97)
        *Knoxville (TN) Urban Area Planning Organization (3/11/97)
        *Hendersonville (TN) Executive Assistant Connie Billbrey to
        President Clinton (7/1/97)
        *Montgomery County (TN) Executive Robert Thompson to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Cook County (TX) official Jerry Lewis to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Abilene (TX) Councilwoman Carol Martinez to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Arlington (TX) City Councilmember Joe Ewen to U.S.
        Representative Martin Frost (D-TX) (8/29/97)
        *Beaumont (TX) City Councilmember John Davis to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Beaumont (TX) City Councilmember Guy N. Goodson to
        President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Beaumont (TX) City Councilmember Bobbie Patterson to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Dallas (TX) City Councilman Larry Duncan to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Dallas (TX) Councilmember Al Lipscomb to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *Dallas (TX) Councilwoman Charlotte Maves to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Del Rio (TX) Councilman Roy Musquiz to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Denton (TX) City Councilmember Jerry Cott to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Denton City (TX) Councilman Carl Young to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Gainesville (TX) City Councilman L. Bishop to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Gainesville (TX) Councilmember Jim King to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Gainsville (TX) Councilman John Schmitz to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Gainesville (TX) City Councilman Rev. Clarence Tucker to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Gatesville (TX) City Councilmember Robert Powell to U.S.
        Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (no date)
        Gatesville (TX) City Councilmember Robert Powell to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Gatesville (TX) City Councilmember Robert Powell to Vice
        President Gore (no date)
        *Mercedes (TX) City Councilmember Roy de Leon to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Pearsall (TX) City Councilmember Ramiro Verastique to U.S.
        Representative Ciro D. Rodriguez (D-TX) (8/27/97)
        *Pearsall (TX) City Councilmember Ramiro Verastique to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Pleasanton (TX) City Councilman Abraham Saenz, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Sanger (TX) Alderperson Joe Bell to President Clinton (6/
        1/6/97)
        *Sanger (TX) Alderman Glenn Erwin to President Clinton (6/
        17/97)
        *Sanger (TX) Alderperson Jerry Jenkins to President Clinton
        (6/16/97)
        *Sanger (TX) Alderman Jack Richardson to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Allen (TX) City Manager Jon McCarty to President Clinton
        (6/24/97)
        *Cedar Hill (TX) City Manager Greg Vick to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Corpus Christi (TX) City Manager Bill Hennings (2/10/97)
        *Hereford (TX) City Manager Chester Nolen to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Hondo (TX) City Manager Scott Wall to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *Jacksonville (TX) City Manager Jim Anderson to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Kilgore (TX) City Manager to David McKee, EPA (1/20/97)
        *Kilgore (TX) City Manager Ronald Stephens to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Lampasas (TX) City Manager Michael Talbot to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Liberty (TX) City Manager Norman Dykes to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Longview (TX) City Manager Ted Willis to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *Marshall (TX) City Manager Tony Williams to President
        Clinton (6/20/97)
        *McGregor (TX) City Manager Bill Dake to President Clinton
        (6/3/97)
        *Nacogdoches (TX) City Manager Gordon Pierce to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *North Richland Hills (TX) Assistant City Manager Larry J.
        Cunningham to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Plainview (TX) City Manager Jim Jeffers to President
        Clinton (6/15/97)
        *Schertz (TX) City Manager Kerry Sweatt to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Sperman (TX) City Manager Kelvin Knauf to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Tyler (TX) Assistant City Manager Paul Parker to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Weatherford (TX) City Manager to President Clinton (6/13/
        97)
        *Coryell County (TX) Judge John Hull to President Clinton
        (6/5/97)
        *Coryell County (TX) Judge John Hull to Vice President Gore
        (6/6/97)
        *Dallas County (TX) Judge Thomas Jones to President Clinton
        (6/12/97)
        *Dallas County (TX) Judge Cleophas R. Steele Jr., to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Dimmit County (TX) Judge Charles Johnson to U.S.
        Representative Ruben Hinojosa (D-TX) (8/24/97)
        *Dimmit County (TX) Judge Charles Johnson to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Frio County (TX) Judge Carlos Garcia to U.S.
        Representative Ciro D. Rodriguez (D-TX) (8/25/97)
        *Frio County (TX) Judge Carlos A. Garcia to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Fort Bend County (TX) Judge (2/4/97)
        *Harrison County (TX) Judge J. Rodney Gilstrap to President
        Clinton (no date)
        *Hidalgo County (TX) Judge Renato Cuellar to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Harris County, TX Judge Robert Eckels to President Clinton
        (5/29/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Judge Carl R. Griffith, Jr. to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Lampasas County (TX) Former County Judge Norris Monroe to
        U.S. Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (no date)
        *Lampasas County (TX) Judge Tom Honeycutt to Vice President
        Al Gore (6/16/97)
        *LaSalle County (TX) Judge Jimmy P. Patterson to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Willacy County (TX) Judge Simon Salinas to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Wood County (TX) Judge Lee Williams to President Clinton
        (6/23/97)
        *Zavala County (TX) Judge Pablo Avila to U.S.
        Representative Ruben Hinojosa (D-TX) (8/26/97)
        *Zavala County (TX) Judge Pablo Avila to Vice President Al
        Gore (no date)
        *Cooke County (TX) Justice of the Peace Bill Freeman to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Cooke County (TX) Justice of the Peace Royce Dale Martin
        to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Larry McDonald to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Larry McDonald to
        Vice President Gore (6/6/97)
        *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Jimmy Wood to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Jimmy Wood to
        U.S. Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (no date)
        *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Jimmy Wood to
        Vice President Gore ( no date)
        *Dallas County (TX) Justice of the Peace Charles R. Rose to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Hidalgo County (TX) Justice of the Peace Jesus E. Morales
        to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Justice of the Peace Thurman Bill
        Bartie to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Justice of the Peace Ray S. Chesson
        to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Mercedes (TX) Justice of the Peace Gilberto Saenz to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Zavala County (TX) Justice of the Peace Eddie Trevino to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Zavala County (TX) Justice of the Peace Eddie Trevino to
        Vice President Gore (6/12/97)
        *Cooke County (TX) Treasurer Janet Johnson to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Treasurer Linda Robinson to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *LaSalle County (TX) Treasurer Joel Rodriguez, Jr. to U.S.
        Representative Ciro D. Rodriguez (D-TX) (8/28/97)
        *LaSalle County (TX) Treasurer Joel Rodriguez, Jr. to
        President Clinton (no date)
        *Cooke County (TX) Clerk Evelyn Walterscheid to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Clerk Sandy Wilson to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Lampasas County (TX) Land Surveyor Jerry M. Goodson to
        U.S. Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (no date)
        *Dallas County (TX) Constable Joe Bagby to President
        Clinton (6/16//97)
        *Dallas County (TX) Constable Burl Jerigan to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Constable Brandon Crowder to
        President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Constable Jeff Greenway to President
        Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Constable Joe Stevenson to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Sheriff G. Mitch Woods to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Cooke County (TX) Assessor-Collector Billie Knight to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Tax Assessor-Collector Miriam
        Johnson to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Cooke County (TX) Auditor Gloria Parrish to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *East Texas Council of Governments Executive Committee (3/
        6/97)
        *North Central Texas Council of Governments (1/29/97)
        *North East Texas Air Care (NETAC) Policy Committee
        comments (1/15/97)
        *South East Texas Regional Planning Commission (TX) to U.S.
        Senator Phil Gramm (R-TX) (1/14/97)
        *South East Texas Regional Planning Commission to David
        McKee, EPA (3/7/97)
        *Coryell County (TX) Attorney Edwin Powell Jr. to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Coryell County (TX) Attorney Edwin Powell to Vice
        President Gore (6/5/97)
        *Gainesville (TX) City Attorney Nancy Williams to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Lampasas County (TX) District Attorney Larry W. Allison to
        President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Sanger (TX) Attorney Ron Neiman to President Clinton (6/
        16/97)
        *Harker Heights (TX) Operations Manager Jerry Atkinson to
        President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Nederland (TX) City Secretary LaDonna Floyd to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *San Antonio/Alamo Area Air Quality Task Force (TX) (3/10/
        97)
        *City of Houston, Mary Ellen Whitworth, Director,
        Environmental Policy (2/18/97)
        *Martinsville (VA) Councilmember Bruce Dallas to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Northumberland (VA) Commonwealth Attorney Michael McKenney
        to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Pearisburg (VA) Councilmember Barbara Stafford to
        President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Augusta County (VA) Clerk John B. Davis to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Richmond (VA) Clerk of Court Bevil Dean to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Staunton (VA) Court Clerk Thomas E. Roberts to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Crater Planning District Commission (VA) (2/26/97)
        *Hampton Roads, VA Planning District Commission to EPA (1/
        14/97)
        *Letter from the Richmond Area Metropolitan Planning
        Organization (VA) (2/13/97)
        *County of Henrico, VA County Manager (3/6/97)
        *Richmond, VA City Manager (3/11/97)
        *York, VA County Administrator (2/13/97)
        *Ed Maroney, City Manager, Newport News, VA to Carol
        Browner (2/5/97)
        *Dinwiddie (VA) County Administrator Charles Burgess, Jr.
        to EPA (2/14/97)
        *Clark County (WA) Auditor Elizabeth A. Luce to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (WA) (2/
        13/97)
        *West Virginia Senate Clerk Darrell Holmes to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *West Virginia Municipal League to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Lincoln County, WI Administrative Coordinator (2/10/97)
        *Janesville (WI) City Manager Steven E. Sheiffer to
        President Clinton (5/23/97)
        *Oshkosh (WI) City Manager Richard Wollangk to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        Local government resolutions
        *American Association of State Highway and Transportation
        Officials (AASHTO) (4/28/97)
        *Arkansas County Judges Association (6/13/97)
        *City of North Little Rock, Arkansas resolution (2/24/97)
        *City of West Memphis (AR) (3/6/97)
        *San Diego (CA) County Board of Supervisors (2/11/97)
        *Imperial County (CA) Air Pollution Control District Board
        of Directors (6/24/97)
        *County of Peoria, IL (6/9/97)
        *Tazwell County (IL) Board (6/25/97)
        *Jefferson Parish (LA) Council (2/26/97)
        *Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) (1/31/
        97)
        *Southwestern Michigan Commission (1/28/97)
        *Berrien County (MI) Personnel and Human Services Committee
        (1/23/97)
        *Lincoln Charter Township, MI (2/11/97)
        *Livingston County, MI Board of Commissioners (6/9/97)
        *Port Huron, MI (3/10/97)
        *Wayne County (MI) Commission (6/5/97)
        *Twin Cities Area Transportation Study (MN) (1/27/97)
        *Mayor and City Council of Holdrege, NE (9/4/97)
        *Monclova Township (OH) (2/3/97)
        *Willoughby, OH (6/11/97)
        *City Council of Maumee, OH (2/3/97)
        Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments, OH
        (TMACOG) (11/20/96)
        *County of Ashtabula (OH) (2/25/97)
        *Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (no date)
        *Oregon, OH City Council (3/10/97)
        *Board of Commissioners of Miami County, OH (3/6/97)
        *Sylvania Township Trustees, OH (2/6/97)
        *Akron Metropolitan Area Transportation Study (OH) (2/27/
        97)
        *Village of Holland Council, OH (2/4/97)
        *Board of Trustees of Jerusalem Township, Lucas County, OH
        (2/12/97)
        *Village of Luckey, OH (2/5/97)
        *Montgomery County Board of Commissioners (OH) (1/28/97)
        *Montgomery Township Trustees (OH) (2/3/97)
        *Stark County Regional Planning Commission, Stark County
        Area Transportation Study (OH) (1/27/97)
        *City Council of Toledo, OH (2/19/97)
        *Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments (TMACOG)
        (1/30/97)
        *City of Youngstown, OH (5/22/97)
        *City of Willowick, OH (3/4/97)
        *Clark County--Springfield, OH Transportation Coordinating
        Committee (2/14/97)
        *Oklahoma County, OK Board of Commissioners (2/24/97)
        *City Council, Oklahoma City, OK (2/97)
        *Aiken County (SC) Council (1/17/97)
        *Cleveland, TN (3/10/97)
        *Milan, TN (4/8/97)
        *New Johnsonville, TN (3/3/97)
        *East Texas Council of Governments (3/6/97)
        *North East Texas Air Care (NETAC) (1/7/97)
        *South East Texas Regional Planning Commission (5/21/97)
        *Beaumont (TX) City Council (6/17/97)
        *Bexar County Commissioners Court (TX) (2/4/97)
        Gregg County (TX) Commissioners' Court (8/29/96)
        *Jefferson County (TX) Commissioners' Court (5/5/97)
        *City Council of Longview, TX (1/23/97)
        Nederland (TX) (no date)
        *Port Arthur (TX) City Council--97-119 (6/17/97)
        *Port Arthur (TX) City Council--97-120 (6/17/97)
        *Crater Planning District Commission (VA) (2/24/97)
        *Danville (VA) Development Council (2/27/97)
        *Board of Supervisors for Hanover County, Virginia (2/12/
        97)
        *County of Henrico, VA Board of Supervisors (2/26/97)
        *Richmond, VA (3/10/97)
        *Stafford County, VA (3/4/97)
        *Franklin County (WA) Board of Commissioners (5/7/97)
        *Waukesha County Board of Supervisors (WI) (3/25/97)
        Letters/comments from chambers of commerce
        *United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce (1/8/97)
        *Central Delaware Chamber of Commerce (DE) (1/13/97)
        *New Castle County Chamber of Commerce (DE) (1/13/97)
        *Greater Washington (DC) Board of Trade (DC metro area
        Chamber of Commerce) (1/7/97)
        FL Chamber of Commerce (11/7/96)
        *Florida Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Senator Bob Graham (D-
        FL) (2/7/97)
        Georgia Chamber of Commerce to Georgia Governor Zell Miller
        (5/1/96)
        Georgia Chamber of Commerce 1997 legislative agenda
        recommendations regarding ozone and PM NAAQS (no date, but before
        rule proposal)
        *Georgia Chamber of Commerce (3/13/97)
        South Georgia Chamber of Commerce (no date)
        *Camilla (GA) Chamber of Commerce (3/10/97)
        *Columbus (GA) Chamber of Commerce (1/24/97)
        *Dalton Whitfield (GA) Chamber of Commerce (3/4/97)
        *Douglas County (GA) Chamber of Commerce (2/27/97)
        *Lee County (GA) Chamber of Commerce (2/27/97)
        *Pierce County (GA) Chamber of Commerce & Industrial
        Development Authority (3/3/97)
        *Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce (IL) (12/23/96)
        *Indiana Chamber of Commerce (3/5/97)
        *Indiana Chamber of Commerce (3/10/97)
        *Indiana Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Representative Tim
        Roemer (D-IN)
        Berne Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/15/96)
        Bluffton Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/7/96)
        Boone County Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/9/96)
        Carmel Clay Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/15/96)
        Greater Fort Wayne Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/10/96)
        Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce (KS) (10/96)
        *Paduca Area (KY) Chamber of Commerce (2/17/97)
        Northern Kentucky Chamber of Commerce (no date)
        *Greater Lexington (KY) Chamber of Commerce (3/17/97)
        *Greater Lexington (KY) Chamber of Commerce Policy Position
        (3/17/97)
        Maine Chamber and Business Alliance to Maine Governor Angus
        King (4/29/96)
        *Maine Chamber and Business Alliance (2/13/97)
        *Maryland Chamber of Commerce (3/11/97)
        *Hagerstown-Washington County (MD) Chamber of Commerce (3/
        8/97)
        *Cecil County (MD) Chamber of Commerce (3/4/97)
        *Baltimore County (MD) Chamber of Commerce (3/6/97)
        *Southern Anne Arundel Chamber of Commerce (MD) (3/12/97)
        *Michigan Chamber of Commerce to the Michigan Congressional
        Delegation (1/24/97)
        *Minnesota Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Senator Paul
        Wellstone (D-MN) (9/2/97). This letter also went to Sen. Grams (R-
        MN) and all 8 MN House members.
        *Minnesota Chamber of Commerce (3/4/97)
        Missouri Chamber of Commerce to Missouri Governor Mel
        Carnahan (4/23/96)
        *St. Joseph Area Chamber of Commerce (MO) (2/5/97)
        *Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce (MO) (no date)
        *Greater Rochester Metro Chamber of Commerce (NY) to U.S.
        Senators Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY) and Alfonse D'Amato (R-NY)
        *North Carolina Citizens for Business and Industry to U.S
        Senator Jesse Helms (R-NC) (2/10/97)
        *North Carolina Citizens for Business and Industry (3/6/97)
        *North Carolina Citizens for Business and Industry
        (President and Chairman of the Board) to Erskine Bowles, White
        House Chief of Staff (6/17/97)
        *Greater Durham (NC) Chamber of Commerce (3/12/97)
        *Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *Greensboro Area Chamber of Commerce (NC) (2/17/97)
        *Winston-Salem (NC) Chamber of Commerce (2/13/97)
        *Winston-Salem (NC) Chamber of Commerce to U.S.
        Representatives Melvin Watt (D-NC), Cass Ballenger (R-NC), and
        Richard Burr (R-NC), and U.S. Senators Jesse Helms (R-NC) and Lauch
        Faircloth (R-NC) (2/13/97)
        *Winston-Salem Chamber of Commerce to NC Governor Jim Hunt
        (2/13/97)
        *Eastern North Carolina Chamber of Commerce to the Eastern
        NC Congressional Delegation (resolution attached) (4/24/97)
        *High Point Chamber of Commerce (NC) to U.S. Representative
        Mike McIntyre (D-NC) (resolution attached) (5/6/97)
        North Dakota Chamber of Commerce to North Dakota Governor
        Edward Schafer and the ND Congressional Delegation (11/11/96)
        *Bismarck Chamber of Commerce to the North Dakota
        Congressional Delegation (12/18/96)
        *Greater Cincinnati (OH) Chamber of Commerce (1/31/97)
        *Morgan County (OH) Chamber of Commerce (2/3/97)
        *Morgan County (OH) Chamber of Commerce to U.S.
        Representatives John Kasich (R-OH) and Robert Ney (R-OH), and U.S.
        Senators John Glenn (D-OH) and Michael DeWine (R-OH) (2/3/97)
        *Greater Lawrence County Area (OH) Chamber of Commerce to
        U.S. Representative Sherrod Brown (D-OH). Also sent to U.S.
        Senators DeWine (R-OH) and Glenn (D-OH), and U.S. Representatives
        Kasich (R-OH), Ney (R-OH), and Strickland (2/3/97)
        Oklahoma State Chamber to Carol Browner (10/23/96)
        *Oklahoma State Chamber to EPA (PM docket) (2/21/97)
        *Oklahoma State Chamber to EPA (ozone docket) (2/21/97)
        *Pennsylvania Chamber of Commerce (2/13/97)
        Greater Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Senator
        Arlen Specter (R-PA) (10/21/96)
        Greater Providence Chamber of Commerce (RI) (5/21/96)
        *Northern RI Chamber of Commerce (2/12/97)
        *South Carolina Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Senators Strom
        Thurmond (R-SC) and Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (2/4/97)
        *Greater Columbia Chamber of Commerce (SC) (2/3/97)
        *Industry and Commerce Association of South Dakota to U.S.
        Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (6/2/97)
        *Industry and Commerce Association of South Dakota to U.S.
        Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/2/97)
        *Hopewell Area--Prince George (VA) Chamber of Commerce (2/
        4/97)
        *Roanoke (VA) Regional Chamber of Commerce (2/6/97)
        VA Chamber of Commerce (7/17/96)
        Virginia Chamber of Commerce to Governor George Allen (7/
        17/96)
        *Virginia Chamber of Commerce (1/16/97)
        West Virginia Chamber of Commerce to West Virginia Governor
        Gaston Caperton (5/14/96)
        Letters/comments from economic development boards
        *Milledgeville-Baldwin County (GA) Development Authority
        (3/10/97)
        *Albany, Dougherty (GA) Economic Development Commission (3/
        11/97)
        *Commerce Legislative Alliance of St. Joseph County (IN--
        econ. dev.) (3/5/97)
        *Metropolitan Association of Greater Indianapolis
        Communities (IN--econ. dev.) to Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon (3/
        4/97)
        *Mason County Economic Development Alliance (MI) (1/31/97)
        St. Louis (MO) Regional Commerce & Growth Association
        (RCGA) to Missouri Governor Mel Carnahan (8/9/96)
        *Grandview Area Economic Development Council (MO) (2/12/97)
        *Akron (OH) Regional Development Board to the Northeast
        Ohio Areawide Coordinating Agency (1//28/97)
        *Ohio Regional Office of Economic Development (Vandalia,
        OH) (2/27/97)
        *Southwestern Pennsylvania Growth Alliance (1/13/97)
        Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation to Rhode
        Island Governor Lincoln Almond (5/9/96)
        *Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation to RI
        Governor Lincoln Almond (1/8/97)
        *Tri-County Alliance (SC-econ. dev. org.) to U.S. Senator
        Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (8/20/97)
        *Copperas Cove (TX) Economic Development Corporation
        Chairman Russell Love to Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
        *Copperas Cove (TX) Economic Development Corporation to
        U.S. Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (6/5/97)
        *Joint letter from the West Bend Economic Development
        Corporation and the Washington County Board of Supervisors (WI) to
        EPA (3/7/97)
        Letters/comments from transportation interests
        *Letter to President Clinton signed by state transportation
        department officials from 21 states (6/25/97)
        *C.J. Bridges Railroad Contractor, Inc. (FL) (1/19/97)
        Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) (11/25/96)
        *Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) (3/11/97)
        *GTO Association of America (assoc. of auto enthusiasts) to
        Carol Browner (2/5/97)
                                   __________
    Letters/comments from truckers
        American Trucking Associations, Inc. (ATA) (10/15/96)
        *American Trucking Associations to U.S. Senator Christopher
        Bond (R-MO) (2/21/97)
        *American Trucking Associations, Inc. (ATA) to President
        Clinton (6/13/97)
        Arizona Motor Transport Association to the Governor of
        Arizona (11/18/96)
        *Arkansas Motor Carriers Association to President Clinton
        (6/5/97)
        Colorado Motor Carriers Association to Colorado Governor
        Romer (11/18/96)
        *Motor Transport Association of Connecticut, Inc. to
        Connecticut Governor Rowland (12/6/96)
        Hawaii Transportation Association to the Governor of Hawaii
        (11/18/96)
        *Indiana Motor Truck Association, Inc. (2/25/97)
        *Iowa Motor Truck Association to President Clinton (6/13/
        97)
        *Maine Motor Transport Association (2/7/97)
        *Maryland Motor Coach Association (3/12/97)
        *Frederick I-70 Truck City (MD) (3/12/97)
        *Independent Truckers & Drivers Association (MD) (3/11/97)
        *Maryland Motor Truck Association, Inc. (2/14/97)
        *Massachusetts Motor Transportation Association to
        Massachusetts Governor Weld (12/6/96)
        *D & W Trucking, Inc., (MI) to President Clinton (no date)
        Montana Motor Carriers Association to Montana Governor
        Raciot (11/18/96)
        *New Jersey Motor Truck Association to new Jersey Governor
        Whitman (12/6/96)
        New Mexico Motor Carriers' Association to New Mexico
        Governor Johnson (11/19/96)
        *New York State Motor Truck Association (2/12/97)
        *New York State Motor Truck Association, Inc. to New York
        Governor Pataki (12/10/96)
        *North Carolina Trucking Association to Erskine Bowles,
        White House Chief of Staff (6/4/97)
        *Fabrizi Trucking & Paving Co., Inc. (OH) to President
        Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Associated Motor Carriers of Oklahoma, Inc. to U.S.
        Senator Inhofe (12/23/96)
        *Pennsylvania Motor Truck Association (1/22/97)
        *Pennsylvania Motor Truck Association to Pennsylvania
        Governor Ridge (12/6/96)
        *Rhode Island Trucking Association, Inc.(2/5/97)
        *Rhode Island Trucking Association to Rhode Island Governor
        Almond (12/6/96)
        South Carolina Trucking Association (11/4/96)
        *South Carolina Trucking Association (2/6/97)
        South Carolina Trucking Association to the South Carolina
        Congressional Delegation (11/4/96)
        Texas Motor Transport Association to the Governor of Texas
        (11/18/96)
        Utah Motor Transport Association to the Governor of Utah
        (11/18/96)
        *Edward A. Miller, Jr. on behalf of the Vermont Truck and
        Bus Association (1/13/97)
        *Vermont Truck and Bus Association (2/5/97)
        *Virginia Trucking Association (3/4/97)
        Wisconsin Motor Carriers Association (no date)
        Letters/comments from the automakers
        American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) (10/
        10/96)
        American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA)
        letters to Governors of Missouri and Michigan (5/10/96)
        *Comments from AAMA on the proposed rule (12/20/96)
        *General Motors Corporation to Indiana Governor Frank
        O'Bannon (2/14/97)
        *Chrysler Corporation to Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon
        (2/14/97)
        Ford Motor Company to Indiana Governor Bayh (11/25/96)
        *Ford Motor Company to Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon (2/
        13/97)
        *Pundmann Ford (MO) (2/13/97)
        *Reuther Ford, Mazda (MO) (2/19/97)
        *Ford Motor Company, Gregory Moreland, Regional Manager
        (NY) to Mayor of Buffalo, NY (6/10/97)
        *Ford Motor Company (TN) to U.S. Representative Bob Clement
        (D-TN) (8/11/97)
        *Texas Automobile Dealers Association to U.S. Senator Phil
        Gramm (R-TX) (8/15/97)
        *Texas Automobile Dealers Association to U.S. Senator Kay
        Bailey Hutchison (R-TX) (8/15/97)
        *Texas Automobile Dealers Association to U.S.
        Representative Joe Barton (R-TX) (8/14/97). Letter also went to the
        other Texas Delegation members who were H.R. 1984 cosponsors at the
        time: Bonilla (R), Combest (R), Granger (R), Hall (D), Ortiz (D),
        Sandlin (D), Sessions (R), Stenholm (D), Thornberry (R), Turner
        (D).
        *Texas Automobile Dealers Association to U.S.
        Representative Bill Archer (R-TX) (8/14/97). Letter also went to
        the other Texas Delegation members who were not H.R. 1984
        cosponsors at the time: Johnson (R), Brady (R), Lampson (D),
        Doggett (D), Edwards (D), Paul (R), Hinojosa (D), Reyes (D), Lee
        (D), Gonzalez (D), Smith (R), DeLay (R), Frost (D), Bentsen (D),
        Armey (R), Green (D), Johnson (D).
        *Wyatt Buick Sales Co. (VA) (3/5/97)
        Letters from highway user groups and AAA affiliates
        *Mid-Continent Highway Users Conference resolution (9/3--9/
        5/97)
        *AAA Northern New England (1/13/97)
        *AAA Mid-Atlantic (3/12/97)
        *AAA Club South
        *Highway Users Federation of Delaware (1/13/97)
        *Georgia Highway Users Conference (3/12/97)
        *Indiana Highway Users Conference (3/11/97)
        *Indiana AAA to Carol Browner (11/18/96)
        *Indiana AAA to OMB (11/18/96)
        *Indiana AAA to the White House (11/18/96)
        *Maine Better Transportation Association to U.S.
        Representative John Baldacci (D-ME) (2/12/97)
        *Maryland Highway Users Federation (3/3/97)
        *Highway Users Federation of Michigan to members of the
        Michigan House and Senate (2/27/97)
        *Pennsylvania AAA Federation (1/13/97)
        *Virginia Hospitality & Travel Association (VHTA) (2/6/97)
        *Wisconsin Highway Users Conference (3/10/97)
        *Wisconsin Highways Users Conference to U.S. Representative
        Jay Johnson (D-WI) (8/14/97). Same letter went to Reps. Kind,
        Petri, Kleczka, Klug, Sensenbrenner, Obey, Barrett, and Neumann.
                                   __________
    Letters/comments from the petroleum industry
        *American Petroleum Institute (3/4/97)
        *American Petroleum Institute (3/12/97)
        Petroleum Transportation and Storage Association (11/7/96)
        Comments from NPRA on the Advanced Notice of Proposed
        Rulemaking (8/20/96)
        *National Petroleum Refiners Association (NPRA) (1/24/97)
        *National Petroleum Refiners' Association (3/12/97)
        *National Association of Texaco Wholesalers, Inc. (1/28/97)
        Alabama Oilmen's Association/Association of Convenience
        Stores to Alabama Governor Fob James (5/2/96)
        *Diesel Equipment Co. (CA) (3/9/97)
        *Buccaneer Marine, Ltd. (CA-petroleum) (3/10/97)
        *Steven Evans Kirby (CA-petroleum) (3/11/97)
        *Delaware Petroleum Council (1/13/97)
        Florida Petroleum Marketers & Convenience Store Association
        (10/31/96)
        Florida Equipment Sales (industrial and petroleum) (11/6/
        96)
        McKenzie Petroleum (FL) (11/5/96)
        Mid-State Energy, Inc. (petroleum) (FL) (11/6/96)
        Thomas Oil Company (FL) (11/7/96)
        Pioneer Oil Company (FL) (11/12/96)
        Lake Oil Company (FL) (11/12/96)
        Smith Oil Company (FL) (no date, but before rule proposal)
        *Quality Petroleum Corporation (FL) (1/8/97)
        *Georgia Petroleum Council (3/12/97)
        *Georgia Association of Petroleum Retailers, Inc. (3/17/97)
        *Amoco Corporation (Atlanta, GA office) (3/14/97)
        *Young Refining Corporation (GA) (2/27/97)
        *Lynch Oil, Inc. (ID) to U.S. Senator Dirk Kempthorne (R-
        ID) (3/17/97)
        Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to Carol Browner
        (11/19/96)
        Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to OMB (11/19/96)
        Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to the White House
        (11/19/96)
        Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to U.S. Senator
        Dan Coats (R-IN) (11/19/96)
        Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to U.S. Senator
        Richard Lugar (R-IN) (11/19/96)
        *Amoco--Whiting refinery to U.S. Senator Richard Lugar (R-
        IN) (2/20/97)
        *Marathon Oil (OH) (2/19/97)
        *Indiana Petroleum Council to Governor Frank O'Bannon (1/
        29/97)
        *Iowa Petroleum Council (3/7/97)
        *Kansas Oil Marketers Association to Kansas Governor Bill
        Graves (2/7/97)
        *Kansas Oil Marketers Association to all members of the
        Kansas Congressional Delegation (2/7/97)
        *Kansas Oil Marketers Association comments (2/10/97)
        *Kansas Petroleum Council (2/11/97)
        *National Cooperative Refinery Association (KS--petroleum)
        (3/5/97)
        Kentucky Petroleum Marketers Association (5/6/96)
        Kentucky Petroleum Marketers Association to Kentucky
        Governor Paul Patton (5/7/96)
        *Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association to U.S.
        Senators Mary Landrieu (D-LA) and John Breaux (D-LA) (2/18/97)
        *Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association (3/10/97)
        *Maine Petroleum Association (3/7/97)
        *Maryland Petroleum Council (3/11/97)
        *Southern Maryland Oil to U.S. Representative Steny Hoyer
        (D-MD) (2/4/97)
        *WMDA (Washington/MD/Delaware Service Station and
        Automotive Repair Association) (3/11/97)
        *Mid-Atlantic Petroleum Distributors' Association (MD) (1/
        28/97)
        *Ewing Oil (MD) (2/12/97)
        *Ewing Oil (MD) to Maryland Governor Parris Glendening (2/
        12/97)
        *Ewing Oil (MD) to U.S Representative Roscoe Bartlett (R-
        MD), and U.S. Senators Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) and Paul Sarbanes
        (D-MD) (2/12/97)
        *Service Station Dealers of America and Allied Trades (MD)
        (2/7/97)
        *Minnesota Petroleum Council (3/10/97)
        *Minnesota Petroleum Council to U.S. Rep. Jim Ramstad (R-
        MN) (7/31/97). Similar letters also went to U.S. Reps. Oberstar (D-
        MN), Minge (D-MN), Luther (D-MN), and Gutknecht (R-MN)
        *Minnesota Petroleum Council to U.S. Sen. Rod Grams (R-MN)
        (8/4/97)
        *Nebraska Petroleum Council (3/6/97)
        *Nebraska Petroleum Marketers & Convenience Store
        Association (2/3/97)
        *Johnson & Dix Petroleum Marketers (NH) to NH Senators Judd
        Gregg and Bob Smith, and others (1/24/97)
        *New Hampshire Petroleum Council (3/7/97)
        *Reid Petroleum Corporation (NY) (2/5/97)
        North Carolina Petroleum Marketers Association (5/13/96)
        *Newsom Oil Company, Inc. (NC) to U.S. Representative Eva
        Clayton (D-NC) (5/6/97)
        *Newsom Oil Company, Inc. (NC) to U.S. Representative Bob
        Etheridge (D-NC) (5/6/97)
        *Associated Petroleum Industries of Pennsylvania (1/14/97)
        *Associated Petroleum Industries of Pennsylvania to U.S.
        Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA) (9/5/97)
        Liberty Oil Company, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Representatives
        Timothy Holden (D-PA) and Paul Kanjorski (D-PA) (no date)
        *DB Companies (RI) (2/20/97)
        *South Carolina Petroleum Marketers Association (2/14/97)
        South Carolina Petroleum Council to U.S. Senator Ernest
        Hollings (D-SC) (5/9/96)
        *South Carolina Petroleum Council to members of the SC
        Congressional Delegation (3/26/97)
        *Infinger Transportation Company, Inc. (SC-petroleum) too
        U.S. Senator Hollings (D-SC) (3/20/97)
        *Stern Oil Co. Inc. (SD) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
        Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
        *South Dakota Petroleum Council to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson
        (D) (8/20/97)
        *South Dakota Petroleum Council to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle
        (D) (8/20/97)
        *Tennessee Petroleum Council to Lt. Governor/Speaker of the
        Tennessee Senate John Wilder (1/22/97)
        *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Ed
        Bryant (R-TN) (8/20/97)
        *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Bob
        Clement (D-TN) (8/20/97)
        *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Bart
        Gordon (D-TN) (8/20/97)
        *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Van
        Hilleary (R-TN) (8/20/97)
        *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Zach
        Wamp (R-TN) (8/20/97)
        *Virginia Gasoline Marketers Council (2/21/97)
        *Virginia Petroleum Jobbers Association, Inc. (1/9/97)
        *Virginia Petroleum Council (3/7/97)
        *Virginia Petroleum Council to selected local officials (5/
        20/97)
        *Virginia Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Frank
        Wolf (R-VA) (8/14/97)
        *Virginia Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Thomas
        Davis (R-VA) (8/14/97)
        *Virginia Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Robert
        Scott (D-VA) (8/14/97)
        *Virginia Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Herbert
        Bateman (R-VA) (8/14/97)
        *Wisconsin Petroleum Council (3/11/97)
                                   __________
    Letters/comments from the mining and minerals processing industry
        *China Clay Producers Association, Inc. (GA--mining) (1/31/
        97)
        *Mine & Mill Supply Company (FL) (1/9/97)
        *JuNo Industries (FL--does business with the phosphate
        industry) (1/23/97)
        *Anderson Mining Corporation (FL) (1/10/97)
        *Florida Rock Industries, Inc. (1/13/97)
        *Indiana Coal Council email (3/12/97)
        *Maryland Coal Association (3/11/97)
        *Anthracite Industries, Inc. (PA), to Pennsylvania
        Congressmen/Senators (2/6/97)
        *Bradford Coal Co., Inc.(PA) to U.S. Representative Bud
        Shuster (R-PA) (1/21/97)
        *Mine Safety Appliances Company (PA) to U.S. Senator Rick
        Santorum (R-PA) (2/4/97)
        *Virginia Coal Association (3/7/97)
        Letters/comments from the cast metals industry
        *Nichols Wire Inc. (AL) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Brown Tank & Steel (AZ) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Steiner Fabrication, Inc. (AZ--cast metals) to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Valley Metal Treating Inc. (CA) to President Clinton (6/
        13/97)
        *Artsons Manufacturing Inc. (CA--cast metals) to President
        Clinton (6/27/97)
        *Pressure Cast Products Corp. (CA) to President Clinton (6/
        20/97)
        *California Cast Metals Assoc. (CA--cast metals) to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *ASC Tubing, Inc. (CA-metals casting) to President Clinton
        (6/19/97)
        *Atlantic Steel Industries, Inc. (GA) (2/28/97)
        *Macon Iron (GA) (2/28/97)
        *Metallurgical Processing, Inc. to U.S. Representative Mark
        Souder (R-IN) (3/25/97)
        *Indiana Steel Environmental Group to Indiana Governor
        Frank O'Bannon (1/27/97)
        *Inland Steel Flat Products (IN) to Indiana Department of
        Env. Management Commissioner (1/31/97)
        *I/N Tek and I/N Kote (IN--steel) (3/11/97)
        *Indiana Metal Treating (IN) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Merchants Metals (IN) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Truecast Precision Castings LLC (KY) to President Clinton
        (6/5/97)
        *Dailey Ironworks Inc. (LA) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Metalloy Manufacturing Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/
        26/97)
        *Western Foundry Co., (MI) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Non-Ferrous Cast Alloys, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton
        (7/1/97)
        *Modern Metal Processing, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *GST Steel Company (MO) (1/22/97)
        *GST Steel Company (MO) (2/6/97)
        *Shamrad Metal Fabricators (MO) (2/28/97)
        *Shamrad Metal Fabricators (MO) (3/4/97)
        *Atlas Casting Co., Inc. (MO) to President Clinton (6/24/
        97)
        *Engelhard-Clal (NJ--metals casting) to President Clinton
        (6/18/97)
        *F. W. Winter Inc. & Co. (NJ--metals casting) to President
        Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Aluminum Shapes (NJ--metals casting) to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *Century Tube Corp. (NJ--cast metals) to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *Wormuth Brothers Foundry (NY--cast metals) to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Lamothermic Corp. (NY--cast metals) to President Clinton
        (6/19/97)
        *Funk FineCast, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *American Wire and Cable Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/
        11/97)
        *T & B Foundry Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Blanchester Foundry Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/13/
        97)
        *Lincoln Foundry (PA) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Gupta Permold, Corp. (PA-cast metals) to President Clinton
        (6/8/97)
        *United Foundry Co. Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *All-Lite Metal Co. (PA) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Weatherly Casting & Machine Co. (PA) to President Clinton
        (6/2/97)
        *Pennsylvania Precision Cast Parts, Inc. (PA) to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Arcos Alloys (PA) to U.S. Representative Paul Kanjorski
        (D-PA), and Senators Arlen Specter (R-PA) and Rick Santorum (R-PA)
        (2/4/97)
        *Benton Foundry, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Representatives Paul
        Kanjorski (D-PA), Peterson, and Joseph McDade (R-PA) (2/3/97)
        *Bucks Fabricating (PA) to U.S. Rep. English (R-PA), U.S.
        Sen. Santorum (R-PA), and U.S. Sen. Specter (R-PA) (1/20/97)
        *Caparo Steel (PA) to U.S. Representative Phil English (R-
        PA) (2/11/97)
        *FLO BIN Fabricated Metals, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Senator Rick
        Santorum (R-PA) (1/21/97)
        *National Torch Tip Co. (PA--manufactures welding and
        cutting devices), to U.S. Representative Mike Doyle (D-PA) (2/11/
        97)
        *Symphony P/M Inc. (RI-metalworking) to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *Metallurgical Solutions, Inc. President John O'Meara (RI)
        to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Metallurgical Solutions, Inc. VP, Metallurgist Gregory W.
        Dexter (RI) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Castex Industries (RI) (and member of the White House
        Conference on Small Business) to Clinton, Sen. Bumpers (AR), Sen.
        Bond (MO) and the U.S. Small Business Administration (1/20/97)
        *Kingsport Foundry & Manufacturing Corp. (TN) to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *General Smelting & Refining, Inc. (TN) to President
        Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Assured Castings Corp. (TN) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *TexCast, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Alloy Casting (TX) to President Clinton (6/27/97)
        *Intermountain Precision Casting (UT) to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *KBAlloys, Inc. (WA) to President Clinton (5/30/97)
        *Pentz Design, Inc. (WA-foundry) to President Clinton (6/
        10/97)
        *Wisconsin Cast Metals Association (1/13/97)
        *Wisconsin Cast Metals Association (WI) to President
        Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Crown Metal Company Inc. (WI) to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Westwood Aluminum Castings, Inc. (WI) President to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Westwood Aluminum Castings, Inc. (WI) Vice President to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Westwood Aluminum Castings, Inc. (WI) Admin. Manager to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Westwood Aluminum Castings, Inc. (WI) Sales Manager to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        Letters/comments from labor groups
        *Building and Construction Trades Department Emergency
        Action letter (DC) (6/6/97)
        *International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (DC) to
        President Clinton (5/15/97)
        United Mine Workers of America Resolution (no date)
        *Eugene Trisko for the United Mine Workers of America
        (UMWA) to U.S. Senator James Inhofe (R-OK) (2/28/97)
        *Laborers' International Union of North America, Midwest
        Regional Office (IL) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Illinois Brotherhood of Teamsters Joint Council No. 25 to
        President Clinton (5/30/97)
        Illinois Brotherhood of Teamsters Joint Council No. 25
        resolution (no date)
        *United Mine Workers of America (Indiana COMPAC) to Indiana
        Governor Frank O'Bannon (2/18/97)
        *United Mine Workers of America (Indiana COMPAC) (3/8/97)
        *Comments of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) (3/
        11/97)
        *International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Central Region
        (Missouri and Kansas) Vice President Phil Young to President
        Clinton (5/28/97)
        *Laborers-Employers Cooperation and Education Trust
        (Western Missouri and Kansas district to President Clinton (6/16/
        97)
        *Greater Kansas City Building and Construction Trades
        Council, AFL-CIO to Ron Klain (6/26/97)
        *Bakery, Confectionery and Tobacco Workers International
        Union (MD) to President Clinton (5/23/97)
        *Baltimore, MD International Union of Operating Engineers
        to President Clinton (5/30/97)
        Baltimore, MD International Union of Operating Engineers
        resolution (no date)
        *Resolution passed by the Michigan State AFL-CIO (5/2/97)
        *Michigan Teamsters Joint Council No. 43 to President
        Clinton (5/7/97)
        Michigan Teamsters Joint Council No. 43 resolution (no
        date)
        *Dearborn, MI Utility Workers Union of America, AFL-CIO to
        President Clinton (5/12/97)
        *Detroit, MI Service Employees International Union to
        President Clinton (5/13/97)
        *Southfield, MI Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees
        Union to President Clinton (5/9/97)
        *Wayne County, MI Sheriff/Airport Police, Local 502 to
        President Clinton (5/9/97)
        *Montana Pulp and Paperworkers to U.S. Senator Max Baucus
        (D-MT) (6/5/97)
        *General Drivers & Helpers, Local Union No. 554 (NE) to
        President Clinton (5/21/97)
        *Columbiana Mahoning & Trumbull, Ohio UAW to Carol Browner
        (6/9/97)
        *Ohio AFL-CIO to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Toledo Area AFL-CIO Council (OH) (5/19/97)
        *Toledo, OH Port Council to President Clinton (5/28/97)
        *International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers--Local
        Union No. 8 (OH) (2/24/97)
        *Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers International Union, AFL-
        CIO (OH) (resolution-no date)
        *Washington State Building Construction Trades Council to
        President Clinton (5/9/97)
        *Washington State Building Construction Trades Council to
        Alexis Herman, Secretary, U.S. Department of Labor (5/12/97)
        *Washington State Building Construction Trades Council
        resolution (5/29/97)
        Letters/comments from agricultural interests
        *20 groups representing agricultural interests to the
        Senate Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry Committee, the Senate
        Environment & Public Works Committee, the House Agriculture
        Committee, and the House CommerceCommittee (2/24/97)
        *National Farmer's Union to EPA (3/12/97)
        Florida Nurserymen and Growers Association (11/4/96)
        *Gold Kist Inc. (GA--farm cooperative) (3/3/97)
        *Illinois Agriculture Roundtable to the members of the
        Illinois Congressional Delegation (7/28/97)
        Growmark, Inc. (IL--a regional agricultural supply and
        grain marketing cooperative) (no date)
        *CENEX, Inc. (regional agricultural supply cooperative) (2/
        27/97)
        *Countrymark Cooperative, Inc. (IN--farm cooperative) (3/
        10/97)
        *Grain Processing Corporation (IA) to U.S. Representative
        Jim Leach (R-IA) (2/13/97)
        *Maryland Farm Bureau, Inc. (3/10/97)
        *Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company (MO) (2/6/97)
        *Syntex Agribusiness, Inc. (MO) (1/24/97)
        *Bayer Agriculture Division (MO) (2/11/97)
        *Nebraska Farm Bureau Federation (3/12/97)
        *Nebraska Farm Bureau Federation (5/30/97)
        *New Hampshire Farm Bureau Federation (3/11/97)
        *New York Farm Bureau (2/7/96)
        *North Carolina Farm Bureau Federation email to Carol
        Browner (no date)
        *Pennsylvania State Grange (1/8/97)
        *South Carolina Farm Bureau Federation (3/10/97)
        *Tennessee Forage and Grassland Council (1/29/97)
        *Virginia Agribusiness Council (2/17/97)
        Virginia Farm Bureau Federation (11/21/96)
        Letters/comments from bakers
        *Smith's Bakeries (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Henri's Bakery (GA) to President Clinton (6/14/97)
        *Lovin Oven Cakery (IL) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Donut Express (MA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *The Bread Basket (MI) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Freedman's Bakery Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Century Bakery (NJ) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Britts Donut Shop (NC) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Brown's Bakery, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (5/30/97)
        *Link's Bakery (OH) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *New Horizons Baking Company (OH) to U.S. Representative
        Steven LaTourette (R-OH) (2/17/97)
        *New Bakery Co. of Ohio to U.S. Representative Robert Ney
        (R-OH) (2/12/97)
        *Sno-White Donut Company (OH) to President Clinton (6/19/
        97)
        *Mt. Washington Bakery (OH) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Maiers Inc. (PA-bakery) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *DeRosa Bakery, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Moio's Italian Pastry Shop (PA) to President Clinton (6/5/
        97)
        *Donut Den (TN-bakery) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Great American Cookie, Co. (TN) to ``Whom It May Concern''
        (no date)
        *Erika M. Pepas' bakery (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Poffenbarger's Bakery (VA) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
        Letters/comments from the food industry
        Florida Gift Fruit Shippers Association (11/1/96)
        *Jackson Beverages (GA) (2/28/97)
        *Universal Foods Corporation (MD) (3/11/97)
        *Seagram Americas (MD) (3/10/97)
        *Hercules Food & Functional Products (MO) (1/21/97)
        *American Dehydrated Foods, Inc. (MO) (2/6/97)
        *Curry Flour Mills, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Senators Arlen
        Specter (R-PA) and Rick Santorum (R-PA), and U.S. Representative
        George Gekas (R-PA) (2/6/97)
        *Moyer Packing Company (PA--beef packers) to U.S. Senator
        Arlen Specter (R-PA) (2/3/97)
        *Pennsylvania Food Processors Association (3/3/97)
        *R&H Maxxon, Inc. (SC--Depot Food Stores) (2/5/97)
        *R&H Maxxon, Inc. (SC-food) to U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings
        (D-SC) (3/20/97)
        Letters/comments from state manufacturing associations
        *Associated Industries of Kentucky (1/30/97)
        Associated Industries of Massachusetts (6/3/96)
        Associated Industries of Massachusetts to Massachusetts'
        DEP Commissioner David Struhs (no date, but before rule proposal)
        *Associated Industries of Massachusetts sent to the
        Massachusetts' Congressional Delegation (2/10/97)
        *Associated Industries of Massachusetts to U.S.
        Representative John Joseph Moakley (D-MA) (2/10/97)
        *Mississippi Manufacturers Association (3/6/97)
        Associated Industries of Missouri to Missouri Governor Mel
        Carnahan (4/12/96)
        Associated Industries of Vermont to Governor Dean (11/26/
        96)
        Virginia Manufacturers Association to Virginia Secretary of
        Natural Resources, Becky Norton Dunlop (7/2/96)
        Letters/comments from utility interests
        *American Public Power Association (DC) to John Haines, EPA
        (3/24/97)
        *Flint Electric Membership Corporation (GA) to U.S. Sens.
        Max Cleland (D-GA) and Paul Coverdell (R-GA), and U.S. Reps. Jack
        Kingston (R-GA), Mac Collins (R-GA), John Lewis (D-GA), and Bob
        Barr (R-GA) (3/18/97)
        *Southern Indiana Gas And Electric Company (SIGECO) to the
        Indiana Congressional Delegation (12/3/96)
        *Southern Indiana Gas And Electric Company (SIGECO) to the
        Indiana Congressional Delegation (4/16/97)
        *Southern Indiana Gas And Electric Company (SIGECO) to
        Governor O'Bannon (2/21/97)
        *Southern Indiana Gas And Electric Company (SIGECO) to
        President Clinton (1/29/97)
        *Muscatine Power and Water (IA) (2/21/97)
        *Western Resources (KS--utility) (1/16/97)
        *Hopkinsville Electric System (KY) to U.S. Senator Wendell
        Ford (D-KY) (2/6/97)
        *Hopkinsville Electric System (KY) (2/6/97)
        *St. Joseph Light & Power Company (MO) (1/20/97)
        *The Empire District Electric Company (MO) (2/11/97)
        *Associated Electric Cooperative, Inc. (MO) (3/6/97)
        *Auburn (NE) Board of Public Works (Utility) General
        Manager James P. Dietz to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE) (9/10/97)
        *Duke Power (NC) to U.S. Representative Richard Burr (R-NC)
        (1/28/97)
        *North Carolina Association of Electric Cooperatives, Inc.
        to North Carolina Gov. Hunt (6/4/97)
        *Ohio Electric Utility Institute (2/3/97)
        *Ohio Municipal Electric Association to the Ohio
        Congressional Delegation (1/29/97)
        *Michigan Electric and Gas Association to U.S.
        Representative James Barcia (D-MI) (2/28/97)
        *Sam Rayburn Municipal Power Agency (TX) (3/11/97)
        *Menasha Utilities (WI) (3/5/97)
        Letters/comments from chemicals interests
        *Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association (3/10/97)
        *Chemical Industry Council of Delaware (1/13/97)
        Florida Manufacturing and Chemical Council, Inc. (11/12/96)
        *Melamine Chemicals Inc. (LA) to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Manufacturers and Chemical Industry Council of North
        Carolina (3/10/97)
        *Occidental Chemical Corporation (NC) to U.S. Senator Jesse
        Helms (R-NC) (4/28/97). Same letter also went to U.S. Senator Lauch
        Faircloth (R-NC) and U.S. Representative Mike McIntyre (D-NC).
        Sterling Chemicals to U.S. Sens. Phil Gramm (R-TX), Kay
        Bailey Hutchison (R-TX), Governor George W. Bush (R-TX), U.S. Reps.
        Joe Barton (R-TX), Bill Archer (R-TX), Nick Lampson (D-TX), Ron
        Paul (R-TX), Tom DeLay (R-TX), Dick Army (R-TX), and Gene Green (D-
        TX)
        *Virginia Chemical Manufacturers' Association prepared by
        W. Thomas Hudson & Associates, Inc. (3/7/97)
        Letters/comments from natural resources interests
        Florida Forestry Association (11/15/96)
        *Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
        (FL) (12/5/96)
        Letters/comments from other businesses/industry groups
        Ray Distributing Company (FL) (11/5/96)
        Greater Houston Partnership (10/8/96)
        Illinois Retail Merchants Association (10/25/96)
        Tenneco Packaging (GA) (11/15/96)
        South Dakota Retailers Association (11/21/96)
        *South Dakota Retailers Association to U.S. Senator Tim
        Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
        Indiana Manufactured Housing Association--Recreation
        Vehicle Indiana Council (11/11/96)
        *Indiana Manufactured Housing Association Recreation
        Vehicle Indiana Council, Inc. to Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon
        (2/28/97)
        *Fridrich & Clark Realty (TN) (1/27/97)
        *Vermont Ski Areas Association (1/13/97)
        *Whirlpool Corporation (MI) (2/3/97)
        *National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) New
        York (2/10/97)
        *Hasbro (RI) (3/6/97)
        Associated Petroleum Industries of Michigan, Michigan
        Manufacturers Assn., Michigan Chamber of Commerce, Michigan Oil and
        Gas Assn., Michigan Chemical Council, and the National Federation
        of Independent Business to Michigan Governor John Engler (4/15/96)
        *Several Texas business and industry groups to the Texas
        Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) (1/10/97)
        *Texas division of Citizens for a Sound Economy to the
        Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission (TNRCC) (1/10/97)
        *Robertshaw Controls Company (PA) to U.S. Representative
        Frank Mascara (D-PA) (1/25/97)
        *Red Hill Grinding Wheel Corporation (PA) to U.S
        Representative Paul McHale (D-PA) (1/20/97)
        *Surco Products, Inc. (PA--odor control) to Pennsylvania
        state Senators Bodack, Habay, and Ridge (1/23/97)
        *Ohio Air Quality Standards Coalition to Governor Voinovich
        (2/7/97)
        *Gow-Mac Instrument Co. (PA) to U.S. Senator Arlen Specter
        (R-PA) and U.S. Representative Paul McHale (D-PA) (2/10/97)
        *Acme Wire Products Inc. (PA) to U.S. Representative Jon
        Fox (R-PA) (2/10/97)
        *Weave Corporation (PA) to U.S. Senators Arlen Specter (R-
        PA) and Rick Santorum (R-PA), and U.S. Representatives Tim Holden
        (D-PA) and Joseph Pitts (R-PA) (2/3/97)
        *R.E. Uptegraff Manufacturing Co. (PA) to U.S. Senator Rick
        Santorum (R-PA) (2/4/97)
        *Grinnell (PA) to U.S. Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA) (1/20/
        97)
        *Cyklop (PA) to U.S. Representatives Joseph Pitts (R-PA)
        and Curt Weldon (R-PA) (2/3/97)
        *Rigidply Rafters, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Representative George
        Gekas (R-PA) (2/4/97)
        *C-B Tool Co. (PA) to U.S. Senators Arlen Specter (R-PA)
        and Rick Santorum (R-PA), and U.S. Representative Joseph Pitts (2/
        5/97)
        *Air-Scent International (PA--env. air fresheners) to
        Pennsylvania state Representative Jeffrey Habay (1/23/97)
        *SMC Business Councils (PA--small business) to U.S. Senator
        Arlen Specter (R-PA) (2/14/97)
        *Legislative Clean Air Policy Committee (3/12/97)
        *Georgia Clean Air Group (3/11/97)
        *Georgia Clean Air Group to U.S. Senator Max Cleland (D-GA)
        (3/20/97)
        *Minnesota Environmental Coalition of Labor and Industry
        (3/3/97)
        *NC Association of Financial Institutions (3/12/97)
        *Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA) (3/11/97)
        *Connecticut Business & Industry Association (3/11/97)
        *Connecticut Business & Industry Association to U.S.
        Senator Chris Dodd (D-CT) (6/2/97) Same letter sent to all members
        of the CT Congressional Delegation.
        *American Council on Science and Health (3/7/97)
        *New Jersey Air Quality Standards Coalition (3/11/97)
        *Associated General Contractors of America (New York State
        Chapter) (2/5/97)
        *Associated General Contractors of America, New York State
        Chapter, Inc. to U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY) (5/30/
        97)
        *Associated General Contractors of America, New York State
        Chapter, Inc. to U.S. Senator Alfonse D'Amato (R-NY) (5/30/97)
        *Associated Constructors of Maine, Inc. (2/18/97)
        *Construction Industries of Rhode Island (3/10/97)
        *National Federation of Independent Business--Virginia
        Chapter (3/24/97)
        *Georgia Economic Developers Association, Inc. (2/28/97)
        *Georgia Industry Association (3/11/97)
        *Georgia Textile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
        *ASR Manufacturing Company (GA) (3/3/97)
        *Carr & Associates (GA) (3/6/97)
        *Cushman & Wakefield (GA) (3/10/97)
        *Dublin Construction Co., Inc. (GA) (3/3/97)
        *Engelhard Corporation (GA) (3/10/97)
        *Fabritex, Inc. (GA) (3/3/97)
        *Futren Corporation (GA) (3/3/97)
        *Horton Homes, Inc. (GA) (2/27/97)
        *Huron Tech Corp (GA) (2/27/97)
        *J.L. Todd Auction Company (GA) (2/27/97)
        *Macgregor Associates Architects (GA) (3/13/97)
        *Law firm representing the City of Toccoa, GA and a number
        of businesses in Stephens County (2/27/97)
        *Reddick Construction Company (GA) (2/27/97)
        *Richport Properties (GA) (3/12/97)
        *Sandersville Railroad ? (GA) (2/7/97)
        *Sanford Rose Associates--Atlanta North (GA) (2/28/97)
        *Synovus Financial Corp. (2/27/97)
        *T. Eleanor Davis, Inc. (GA) (no date)
        *Wilheit Packaging Materials Company (GA) (2/26/97)
        *Yancy Bros. Co. (GA) (3/12/97)
        *Competitive Enterprise Institute (Washington, DC) (3/12/
        97)
        *Ernst & Young (MO) (3/10/97)
        *Leak-Goforth Company (NC--econ. development consultants)
        to U.S. Representative Howard Coble (R-NC) (4/4/97)
        *Leak-Goforth Company LLC to U.S. Representative Cass
        Ballenger (R-NC) (4/4/97)
        *Center Management Corporation (IN) to U.S. Representative
        Tim Roemer (D-IN) (2/27/97)
        *Missouri NAAQS Coalition to U.S. Senator Ashcroft (R-MO)
        (4/10/97)
        *Missouri NAAQS Coalition to U.S. Senator Kit Bond (R-MO)
        (4/10/97)
        *Bill Pfeiffer (concerned citizen--MO) (2/3/97)
        *Commercial Lithographing Co. (MO) (2/3/97)
        *Wabash Fibre Box Company (MO) (1/23/97)
        *Peterson Manufacturing Company (MO) (1/21/97)
        *Prime Tanning Corporation (MO) (1/17/97)
        *Chester P. Gunn (MO) (1/24/97)
        *Bary Marquardt (KS) (2/5/97)
        *Neff Printing, Inc. (KS) (2/6/97)
        *Stouse Sign & Decal, Inc. (KS) (2/5/97)
        *Spangler Printers (KS) (1/22/97)
        *Burd Fletcher (MO) (2/5/97)
        *Sweetheart Cup Company, Inc. (MO) (2/11/97)
        *Crest Mobil Home Court (MO) (2/14/97)
        *Pundmann Family Real Estate Company (MO) (2/17/97)
        *Larkin Associates, Consulting Engineers, Inc. (MO) (1/24/
        97)
        *Lyle Van Vleet (KS) (1/24/97)
        *James L. Fletcher, Jr., M.D. (MO) (2/13/97)
        *Jesco Resources, Inc. (MO) (3/10/97)
        *Mid America Dental, Hearing & Vision Center of Mt. Vernon,
        MO (1/29/97)
        *Joseph Crenshaw (MO) (2/12/97)
        *Jim Seamon (MO--concerned citizen) (2/8/97)
        *American Society of Civil Engineers (MD) (3/11/97)
        *Printing Industries of Maryland (3/12/97)
        *Greater Baltimore Committee (MD) (3/11/97)
        *Maryland Highway Contractors Association (3/12/97)
        *National Federation of Independent Business--Maryland (no
        date)
        *Maryland Aggregates Association, Inc. (MD) (3/10/97)
        *Edward Looker, Concerned Citizen (MD) (3/10/97)
        *Marine Trades Association of Maryland, Inc. (2/17/97)
        *Campbell House Inn, Suites, and Golf Club (KY) (2/5/97)
        *Campbell House Inn, Suites, and Golf Club (KY) to U.S.
        Senator Wendell Ford (D-KY) (2/5/97)
        *Partnership for Environmental Progress (IL) to Sally
        Katzen, OMB (4/17/97)
        *Partnership for Environmental Progress (IL) to Dr. Laura
        D'Andrea Tyson, the White House (4/17/97)
        *John Maxwell (NJ--concerned citizen) to Mary Nichols (3/
        12/97)
        *Vincent D. Brown (NE-concerned citizen) (3/7/97)
        *Vincent D. Brown (NE-attorney) (3/6/97)
        *Barbara Lampe (NE-concerned citizen) (3/5/97)
        *Carol Nash-Drain (NE-concerned citizen) (3/6/97)
        *David Klas, Tenneco Packaging (NY) to U.S. Senator Daniel
        Patrick Moynihan (D-NY) (3/25/97)
        *David Klas, Tenneco Packaging (NY) to U.S. Senator Alfonse
        D'Amato (R-NY) (3/25/97)
        *David Klas, Tenneco Packaging (NY) to U.S. Representative
        Bill Paxon (R-NY) (3/25/97)
        *Anthony Searing, Tenneco Packaging (NY) to U.S.
        Representative John McHugh (R-NY) (3/27/97). Same letter went to
        U.S. Sens. Alfonse D'Amato and Daniel Patrick Moynihan
        *New York Coalition for Clean Air Standards to U.S.
        Representative James Walsh (R-NY) (4/4/97)
        *Empire State Marine Trades Association (NY) (2/7/97)
        *Bryce Harthoorn, Deere & Company (IA) (3/10/97)
        *Ralph Grotelueschen, Deere & Company (IA) (3/12/97)
        *South Carolina Textile Manufacturers' Association (3/6/97)
        *South Carolina Asphalt Pavement Association (3/10/97)
        *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to Governor Bill Graves (2/
        13/97)
        *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to Kansas legislators on NCSL
        Environment Committee (2/13/97)
        *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Senator Pat Roberts
        (R-KS) (2/13/97)
        *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Senator Sam Brownback
        (R-KS) (2/13/97)
        *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Representative Jerry
        Moran (R-KS) (2/13/97)
        *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Representative Jim
        Ryun (R-KS) (2/13/97)
        *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Representative Vince
        Snowbarger (R-KS) (2/13/97)
        *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Representative Todd
        Tiahrt (R-KS) (2/13/97)
        *Joan Gilbert (ME-concerned citizen) (3/6/97)
        *Asphalt Paving Association of Iowa (3/12/97)
        *Iowa Association of Business and Industry (2/14/97)
        *The Fulton Group (TN--former mayor of Nashville) (no date)
        *Joint letter from 29 associations representing small
        businesses to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to EPA (2/14/97)
        *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to U.S. Senator Jesse Helms
        (R-NC) (3/17/97)
        *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to U.S. Senator Lauch
        Faircloth (R-NC) (3/17/97)
        *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to U.S. Representative
        Richard Burr (R-NC) (3/17/97)
        *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to NC Governor Jim Hunt (D)
        (3/17/97)
        *Rohm and Haas Company (NC) to U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth
        (R-NC) (4/29/97). Same letter also went to U.S. Sen. Jesse Helms
        (R-NC) and U.S. Rep. Sue Myrick (R-NC).
        *Allied Signal Fibers (NC) to U.S. Representative David
        Price (D-NC) (5/9/97)
        *Richard Sweetman to Kathleen McGinty, Council on
        Environmental Quality (6/10/97)
        *Richard Sweetman to Sally Katzen, OMB (6/10/97)
        *Joe Turnham, Chairman Alabama Democratic Party to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Arizona Corporation Commission Chair, Carl Kunasek to
        President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Martin Luther King, III (GA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Parkway Corporation (PA) to Edward Rendell, Mayor of
        Philadelphia (6/11/97)
        *Hooker Furniture Corporation (VA) to U.S. Representative
        Virgil Goode (D-VA) (2/19/97)
        *Illinois Environmental Regulatory Group to EPA (3/11/97)
        *Industrial Development Authority of Kansas City (MO)
        President Jane Kieffer to U.S. Representative Karen McCarthy (D-MO)
        (8/25/97)
        *President, National Baptist Convention (FL) to President
        Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Republic Container Company (WV) President/CEO Jon Amores
        to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *The Biscuit and Cracker Manufacturers' Association to all
        House Agriculture Committee members, all House Commerce Committee
        members, all Senate Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee
        members, and all Senate Environment and Public Works Committee
        members (9/4/97)
        *Letter signed by 11 business and industry trade
        associations to U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA) (9/9/97).
        Signatories include: Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, Iowa Petroleum
        Council, Iowa Bankers Association, Iowa Retail Federation, Iowa
        Utility Association, Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities, Iowa
        Good Roads Association, Inc., Iowa Association of Business
        Industry, Iowa Limestone Producers Association, Inc., Iowa
        Association of Electric Cooperatives, and Asphalt Paving
        Association of Iowa.
        *Illinois Municipal League resolution (9/11--9/14/97)
        *McGregor (TX) citizen Bob Melton to President Clinton (6/
        5/97)
        *McGregor (TX) citizen Bob Melton to Vice President Gore
        (6/5/97)
        *McGregor (TX) citizen Bob Melton to U.S. Representative
        Chet Edwards (D-TX) (5/30/97)
        *McGregor (TX) citizen Bob Melton to U.S. Representative
        Lloyd Doggett (D-TX) (5/30/97)
        *President Elect, NABCO (DC) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Texas State Democratic Committee member Ruth L. Wyrick to
        President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Pharr (TX) Chairman of the Southwest Voter Registration
        and Education Project Juan J. Maldondo to President Clinton (6/16/
        97)
        *McGinley Mills Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Oxford Instruments Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (6/18/
        97)
        *Valley Brook Machine Tool Co. Inc. (NJ) to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Lisa Industries, Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Double O Mfg., Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Somerset Wood Products Co.(NJ) to President Clinton (6/18/
        97)
        *Krisanna Construction, Inc. ( NJ) to President Clinton (6/
        16/97)
        *Smith and Aquirre Construction Co, Inc. (NM) to President
        Clinton
        *HSFS Industries (NY) Inc. to President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Ben Mer Manufacturing Inc. (NY) to President Clinton (6/
        13/97)
        *Precision Molding & Millwork (NY) to President Clinton (6/
        12/97)
        *Rainbow Ribbons and Fabrics Inc. (NY) to President Clinton
        (6/13/97)
        *IMC (Industrial Management Council) Services (NY) to State
        Representative Erskine Bowles (6/25/97). Similar letter went to
        Clinton, appropriate staff and cabinet officials.
        *U. C. Millwork (NY) to President Clinton (5/30/97)
        *GRC (NY) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Intercontinental Polymers, Inc. (NC) to President Clinton
        (6/24/97)
        *Charles D. Roberts Company (NC) to President Clinton (6/
        15/97)
        *Perry's Frame Shop, Inc. (NC) to President Clinton (6/19/
        97)
        *Tim Smith (NC) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Myers Carving & Sanding Co., Inc. (NC) to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *McDonald Grading Company, Inc. (NC) to President Clinton
        (6/18/97)
        *Cecil--Johnson MFG. (NC) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Edward B. Seguin, Jr. (citizen--OH) to President Clinton
        (6/30/97)
        *Cincinnati Woodworks, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/
        18/97)
        *Architectural Wood Products (OH) to President Clinton (6/
        12/97)
        *Abbott Assembly, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (no date)
        *The Velotta Company (OH--highway construction) to
        President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Smith-Wheeler Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Tru-Line Manufacturing (AL) Quality Manager R.B. Fiske to
        President Clinton (7/10/97)
        *Tru-Line Manufacturing (AL) Quality Spec. Geoff Haney to
        President Clinton (7/9/97)
        *White Fab Inc. (AL) President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Arizona Custom Millwork & Contracting (AZ) to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Arizona Chapter Associated General Contractors (AZ) to
        President Clinton (6/24/97)
        *Marchand Co. of Arizona (AZ) to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Construction 70 Inc. (AZ) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Pima Paving Inc. (AZ) to President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Hunter Contracting (AZ) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Garner Heat Treat (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *C. Beecham Co. (CA) to President Clinton (no date)
        *FCI Constructors, LLP (CA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Eezer Products (CA--plastics) to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *C & S Door and Trim, Inc. (CA) to President Clinton (6/17/
        97)
        *Homefix Inc. (CA) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Banks Construction Company, Inc. (CA) to President Clinton
        (6/18/97)
        *Industrial Weed Control (CA) to President Clinton (6/1/97)
        *Eagle Claw Quality Fishing Tackle (CO) to Lynn Cutler (6/
        11/97)
        *Kendo, Inc. to President Clinton (7/2/97)
        *De Sio Inc. (CT) to President Clinton (7/6/97)
        *Conway Hardwood Products (CT) to President Clinton (6/24/
        97)
        *HMT Hooven Metal Treating, Inc. (CT) to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Blakeslee Arpaia Chapman Inc. (CT) to President Clinton
        (6/19/97)
        *Nelson Heat Treating Co., Inc. (CT) to President Clinton
        (6/19/97)
        *PTFE Compounds, Inc. (DE--plastics) to President Clinton
        (6/5/97)
        *Industrial Metal Treating Corp. (DE) to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *Culpepper Lumber Co., Inc. (GA) to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Walker & Walker Co. (GA) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Southern Asphalt (GA) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Cherry Lists (GA) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Montgomery Contracting Co. (GA) to President Clinton (5/
        30/97)
        *Futura Co. (GA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Gossen Corp. (GA) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Yuenger Wood Moulding, Inc. to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Reese Construction Co. (IL) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *John Sterling Corp. (IL) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *W. H. Maze Nails Inc. (IL) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Station Eight, Inc. (IL) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Applied Thermal Technologies (IN) to President Clinton (6/
        12/97)
        *Nampa Paving & Asphalt Co., (ID) to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Sheilen Industries, Inc. (IN) to President Clinton (6/18/
        97)
        *J.H Rudolph & Co. (IN) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *E.E. & E Industries Inc. (IA) to President Clinton (6/24/
        97)
        *Andrews Asphalt & Construction, Inc. (KS) to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Heartstone, Inc. (KS) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Judy Co., Engineers & Contractors (KS) to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *TA Millwork (KS) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *WSI Wood Specialties Inc. (KS) to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Shelby Industries (KY) to Lynn Cutler (6/11/97)
        *Shelby Industries to Sally Katzen (6/11/97)
        *Alvey Co., (KY) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Diefenthal Investments LLC (LA) to President Clinton (6/
        10/97)
        *Western Stress (LA) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Richard Price Contracting Co. Inc. (LA) to President
        Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Marine Industrial Contractors Inc. (LA) to President
        Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Highland Cabinets & Millworks, Inc. (LA) to President
        Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Leo Lebourgeois (LA) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *General Marine Construction Corp. (ME) to President
        Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Russell Paving Co., (MD) to President Clinton (no date)
        *Precision Form (MD) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Vintage Lumber (MD) to President Clinton (6/8/97)
        *Clendenin Brothers Inc. (MD) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Advanced Tool & Mfg., Co.(MD) to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *AmTote International Inc. (MD) to President Clinton (6/9/
        97)
        *Metals Service, Inc. (MD) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Cosmec XL (MA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *Henry Perkins Co., (MA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Palmer Paving Corp. (MA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Dyecraftsmen, Inc., (MA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *National Cord & Braid Corp. (MA) to President Clinton (6/
        19/97)
        *Daiek Woodworks (MI) to President Clinton (6/14/97)
        *Ad-Tech Plastic Systems Corp. (MI) to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *Atmosphere Annealing, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/
        23/97)
        *Milbocker & Sons, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Ajax Paving Industries Inc., (MI) Chairman. to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Ajax Paving Industries Inc. (MI) President to President
        Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Harbor Black Oxide, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/25/
        97)
        *Applied Process, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (5/30/97)
        *Great Lake Woods, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Henry H. Smith & Co. (MI) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Process Prototype Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Automated Building Components, Inc. (MN) to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Building Material Wholesalers, Inc. (MN) to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *CMIC Construction Mortgage Investors Co. (MN) to President
        Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Lyman Development Co. (MN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Mid-America Cedar (MN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Keystone Report (MN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Hitchiner Manufacturing Co. Inc.(MO) to President Clinton
        (6/20/97)
        *Earthmovers, Inc. (MS) to President Clinton ( no date)
        *Regal Plastic Supply Co. (NE) to President Clinton (6/23/
        97)
        *Flinn Paving Co., Inc. (NE) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Integrity Hardwoods Inc.(NE) to President Clinton (6/13/
        97)
        *Peavine Construction, Inc. (NV) to President Clinton (6/
        20/97)
        *Nevada Hydrocarbon, Inc. to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Anthony Galluzzo Corp. (NH) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Chamberlain Companies, Inc. (NH) to President Clinton (6/
        13/97)
        *G.A. Avril Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Northwestern Ohio Building & Construction Trades (OH) to
        President Clinton (6/17/97)
        *Pemjay, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Landscaping & Reclamation Specialists, Inc. (OH) to
        President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Morris Bean & Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Zircoa Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/6/97)
        *Delta Railroad Construction, Inc. (OH) to President
        Clinton (7/7/97)
        *Kool Seal, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Gemini Coatings, Inc.(OK) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
        *Gemini Coatings, Inc. (OK) to Lynn Cutler (6/19/97)
        *Toth Lane Clearing (PA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *MP of Easton (PA) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *CMI Tech Cast, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (no date)
        *JMG Excavating Co. Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/23/
        97)
        *Milestone Materials, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/11/
        97)
        *E.J. Breneman, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
        *Center Manufacturing, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/
        18/97)
        *Bird-in-Hand Woodworks, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/
        2/97)
        *Latrobe Construction Co. (PA) to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Stanwood Mills, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *PRL, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Portec (PA) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
        *Ranbar Technology, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *King Asphalt, Inc. (SC) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
        *Pickens Construction, Inc. (SC) to President Clinton (6/
        23/97)
        *Superior Bands, Inc. (SC) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Sloan Construction (SC) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
        *Steve Ward & Associates, Inc. (TN) to President Clinton
        (6/9/97)
        *Loudon Hickory Products, Inc. (TN) to President Clinton
        (6/26/97)
        *Carolina Commercial Heat Treating (TN) to President
        Clinton (6/23/97)
        *Plant Maintenance Service Corp. (TN) to President Clinton
        (6/10/97)
        *Sudberry Millwork, Inc. (TN) to President Clinton (6/23/
        97)
        *Ford Construction Co. (TN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Keay Construction, LLC (TN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *LaMontagne Wood Furnishings (TN) to President Clinton (no
        date)
        *Memphis Stone and Gravel Co. (TN) to President Clinton (6/
        18/97)
        *Lehman-Roberts Co. (TN) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Cox Fence Fittings, Co. (TX) to President Clinton (6/25/
        97)
        *Quality Heat Treat, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/9/
        97)
        *Lowman Land Clearing, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/
        18/97)
        *J-N Construction Co., (TX) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
        *Wm. B. Schieffer Studio (TX--wood carving) to President
        Clinton (6/12/97)
        *ABC (TX) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Paramount Liquid Seal (TX) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Russell & Sons Construction Co. (TX) to President Clinton
        (6/6/97)
        *Houston Flame Hardening Co. (TX) to President Clinton (6/
        25/97)
        *O'Hair Shutters, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
        *DMV Stainless USA, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/16/
        97)
        *Techemet, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton ( no date )
        *Roadway Construction, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/
        25/97)
        *Megatrend Designs, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/10/
        97)
        *Western Quality Concrete, Inc. (UT) to President Clinton
        (6/18/97)
        *Triplett Lumber Co., Inc. (VA) to President Clinton (6/16/
        97)
        *Interior Building Systems Corp. (VA) to President Clinton
        (6/17/97)
        *Dan River, Inc. (VA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Salem Frame Co. (VA--wood) to President Clinton ( no date)
        *Phil R. Hobbs & Son, Inc. (VA) to President Clinton (6/24/
        97)
        *Wintech, Inc. (WA) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Air-Tite Mfg. Inc. (WA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
        *Kimberly Industries (WV) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
        *Wilson Construction Co.(WV) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Plastomeric Inc. (WI) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *Lyman Lumber Co. (WI) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Rice Enterprises (WY) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Precious Metals Plus (NY) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
        *Protectnical Manufacturers (AL) to President Clinton (6/
        26/97)
        *Lampros, Inc. (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
        *C.C. Johnson Co. (VA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
        *Jack Webb (CA--citizen) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
        *Theodore J. Rapallo (GA--citizen) to President Clinton (6/
        25/97)
        *Fred Evens (IL--citizen) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
        *Victor M. Perez (TX--citizen) to President Clinton (6/19/
        97)
        *Virginia Smith (state unknown--citizen) to President
        Clinton (6/5/97)
        *John J. Surinak (WI--citizen) to President Clinton (6/20/
        97)
        *Mead Publishing Paper Division to U.S. Representative Bart
        Stupak (D-MI) (9/25/97)
        *Lignite Energy Council President to U.S. Representative
        Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (9/26/97)
        *Lignite Energy Council President to U.S. Senator Kent
        Conrad (D-ND) (9/26/97)
        Other
        Article in FYI, ALEC's newsletter (5/8/96)
        *ALEC ``Action Alert'' (solicits comments from members) (3/
        10/97)
        Conference report from the VA-HUD appropriations bill (9/
        23/96)
        AAA press release (3/31/97)
        Updated October 17, 1997
        * An asterisk indicates letters sent or resolutions passed after
    EPA proposed the NAAQS rules.
                                   __________
    Statement of Jim Martin, Vice President, Martin's Famous Pastry Shoppe,
                                      Inc.
        Good day and thank you for the opportunity to be here. I am Jim
    Martin, an owner of Martin's Famous Pastry Shoppe, Inc. We have
    bakeries in Chambersburg and Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. Ours is a
    family business started in 1955 by my parents--perhaps you have seen
    our ``Martin's Famous Potato Rolls'' in the grocery store bread aisle.
        Today I am speaking for myself and for the members of the American
    Bakers Association. The American Bakers Association represents 80
    percent of the wholesale baking business which includes small
    businesses like ours and the companies with national brand names that
    you may know. Bakeries are captured by the Clean Air Act because the
    natural process of yeast fermentation used to make bread and rolls
    produces ethanol, an alcohol, which is considered a volatile organic
    compound (VOC). Ethanol from bakeries is nontoxic and low reactive,
    probably eaten by bacteria in the atmosphere.
        The American Bakers Association strongly supports S.1084. This bill
    will ensure that sound science and good planning have the time to
    develop before costly and potentially inappropriate controls are
    required. The baking industry has already spent $28 million to comply
    with existing requirements. We estimate that the baking industry will
    spend $236 million to implement the new standard. The equipment to
    control bread aroma from a bakery costs about $500,000 to install and
    costs between $35,000 and $100,000 each year to operate. That is about
    $12,000 per ton of VOC controlled, not the $1400 per ton estimated by
    the US EPA.
        The American Bakers Association has worked with the bakers in each
    state and with the state officials to develop reasonable rules to bring
    the states and industry into compliance. The states have worked hard to
    implement the Clean Air Act under demanding and often changing EPA
    policies. We offer our compliments to Pennsylvania and many of the
    other states where hard work has put the most cost-effective control
    requirements in place. However, state officials are struggling to
    further reduce emissions and are being forced to look at smaller and
    smaller sources, that is, small businesses.
        Bakeries are low volume, low profit margin businesses. Let me give
    you an example of how a small baker might be affected by control
    requirements. Imagine Joe's Bakery in your state. Joe is operating the
    white bread bakery he inherited from his father. The bakery has been in
    business for 80 years with a profit margin of 1.7 percent. His bakery,
    like others, is labor intensive, providing jobs at a relatively high
    pay rate and supporting many families in the neighborhood. No one is
    getting rich but everyone is being paid and the local area has good
    tasting fresh bread. His potential emissions of ethanol trigger control
    requirements. Joe goes to his bank and asks for a loan for the $500,000
    to install controls and cut his profit margin by 24 percent. The bank
    denies his request, which is good business practice for the bank. If he
    can find a buyer, he can sell his bakery or Joe can close. Sadly, some
    bakeries have closed during the implementation of the current standard.
        Now let me share with you the situation at our bakeries. We emit
    enough ethanol to trigger control requirements. Stack testing,
    permitting, engineering reports, communication, and costs associated
    with investigating new technology have exceeded $250,000 to date at our
    bakeries. Our engineers calculate that adding a control device will
    increase our production energy consumption by 50 percent per package of
    rolls. However, rather than purchase the control equipment we have
    chosen to limit our production and the growth of our business. This
    means our ability to serve the region with the maximum variety of
    product or to respond quickly to changes in consumer taste and demand
    is limited. This is not my understanding of free enterprise. And I've
    wondered, is less bread on the table a good trade for no measurable
    improvement in air quality?
        I and the bakers I represent urge you to pass S. 1084 to make clear
    legal statements about the funding of the research and science and the
    timing of the implementation of the air quality standard. Please help
    us do the right thing to protect our air quality and the earth!
        Thank you for this opportunity to speak. I will be glad to answer
    any questions.
                                     ______

    The Honorable James M. Inhofe, Chairman,
    Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property Nuclear Safety,
    Committee on Environment Public Works,
    United States Senate,
    Washington, DC 20510-6175.

        Submitted for the Subcommittee Hearing Record on S. 1084, October
    22, 1997

    Dear Mr. Chair: I am Jim Martin, an owner of Martin's Famous Pastry
    Shoppe, Inc. We have bakeries in Chambersburg and Shippensburg,
    Pennsylvania. I am writing in support of S. 1084, the Ozone and
    Particulate Matter Research Act of 1997.
        Our bakeries release ethanol from the yeast fermentation of rolls.
    To put the amount of ethanol we release into perspective, I learned,
    through discussion with Pennsylvania based medical professionals, that
    if less than one percent of our customers drink to the legal limit,
    they emit from their breath more alcohol than our bakery.
        Clearly more study is needed before costly control requirements are
    put in place. I believe that we first need to define ``Clean Air.'' Is
    it the naturally occurring ozone from the very productive environment
    of the Smokey Mountains National Park; or is it the semi-arid east side
    of the Rocky Mountains with its very limited natural production
    potential? Scientists are only beginning to understand atmospheric
    science and the relationship between the natural and human-made
    processes on the air quality.
        To illustrate the potentially interrelated processes, I note that
    rain forms on airborne particulate, falls to the ground; and dissolves
    excess carbon dioxide and other naturally occurring contaminates from
    the atmosphere to nourish the earth! I have attached pages 453 to 456
    from Meteorology. The Atmosphere and The Science of Weather by Joseph
    M. Morgan, Michael D. Morgan, and Patricia M. Pauley, New York;
    Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991.
                Sincerely,
                                               James A. Martin,
                                               Executive Vice President
                                     ______

                      Air Pollution's Impact on Weather\1\
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        \1\ Taken from: Meteorology: The Atmosphere and the Science of
    Weather, by Joseph M. Morgan, Michael D. Morgan, and Patricial M.
    Pauley, New York: Macmillian Publishing Company, 1991.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        We have seen how weather conditions influence air pollution
    potential. Air pollution also impacts weather. Air pollution affects
    the amount of cloudiness, and the quantity and quality of
    precipitation, especially downwind from large urban-industrial areas.
    In Chapter 18, we discuss how air pollution may be affecting global
    climate.
    Urban Weather
        Certain air pollutants usually found in urban air, including a
    variety of dust particles and acid droplets, can influence the
    development of clouds and precipitation within and downwind from a
    city. These pollutants, many of which are hydroscopic serve as nuclei
    for cloud droplets and thus accelerate condensation. In addition, the
    heat island effect of large urban areas (Chapter 19) spurs uplift of
    air and consequent cloud formation.
        The influence of urban air pollution on condensation and
    precipitation is illustrated by the typical climatic contrasts between
    urban and rural areas. Winter fogs occur about twice as frequently in
    cities as in the surrounding countryside. Downwind from cities,
    rainfall may be enhanced by 5 to 10 percent. The greater contrasts tend
    to occur on weekdays, when urban/industrial activity is at its peak,
    suggesting that increased precipitation is at least partially due to
    urban-industrial air pollution. Data from the Metropolitan
    Meteorological Experiment (METROMEX) indicate significantly greater
    precipitation enhancement downwind of St. Louis. METROMEX scientists
    analyzed weather observations during an intensive field study over 5
    years (1971-1975) and concluded that summer rainfall was up to 30
    percent greater downwind of St. Louis than upwind of the city. This
    rainfall anomaly was attributed to the combined effect of urban
    contributions of heat and ``giant'' cloud condensation nuclei.
        Because precipitation, fog, and cloudiness in urban areas of en
    have adverse effects on both surface and air transportation, any
    artificial increase in these conditions is potentially troublesome.
    Reduced visibility, for example, slows surface traffic, contributes to
    auto accidents, and curtails air travel. In the last decade,
    significant improvement in local urban visibilities has been reported
    and is apparently the consequence of enforcement of stricter air
    quality standards.
        Jet aircraft traffic is modifying the cloud cover, especially along
    the heavily traveled air corridors between major cities. The visible
    jet contrails etching the sky are composed of ice crystals that are
    traceable to the water vapor and condensation nuclei produced by jet
    engines as combustion products (refer back to the Special Topic,
    ``Clouds by Mixing: in Chapter 6). Contrails sometimes dissipate
    rapidly; and sometimes spread laterally as a thin cirrus overcast
    Increased cloudiness, in turn, reduces sunshine penetration and may
    enhance local precipitation by serving as a source of ice-crystal
    nuclei for lower clouds.
    Acid Deposition
        As we saw in Chapter 6, the atmospheric subcycle of the hydrologic
    cycle purifies water. That is, through evaporation or sublimation and
    subsequentcondensation or deposition, dissolved and suspended
    substances are removed from water. As raindrops and snowflakes fall
    from clouds to the ground, however, they wash pollutants from the air,
    thereby altering the chemistry of the precipitation.
        Rain is normally acidic because it dissolves some atmospheric
    carbon dioxide, providing a weak acid solution. Where the air is
    polluted with oxides of sulfur and oxides of nitrogen, these gases
    interact with moisture in the atmosphere to produce tiny droplets of
    sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid
    (HNO3). These substances dissolve in precipitation and
    thereby increase its acidity: Precipitation that falls through such
    contaminated air may become 200 times more acidic than normal.
    Furthermore, in the absence of precipitation. sulfuric acid droplets
    convert to acidic particles that settle to the ground as dry deposition
    (See Figure 16.11).The combination of acidic precipitation with dry
    deposition is often referred to as acid deposition.
        The rank of acidity and alkalinity, called the pH scale, is shown
    in Figure 16.12. which compares the normal acidity of rainwater with
    the pH values of some other familiar substances. The normal pH of
    rainwater: is 5.6; rain that is more acidic than normal is called acid
    rain. \2\ Note that the pH scale is logarithmic; that is. each unit
    increment corresponds to a tenfold change in acidity. Hence, a drop in
    pH from 5.6 down to a value of 3.6 represents a hundredfold (10 x 10)
    increase in acidity.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        \2\ Distilled seater that is saturated with carbon dioxide has a pH
    of 5.6. This is why a pH of 5.6 is taken as the threshold for acid
    precipitation; that is. rain or snow having a pH under 5.6 is described
    as acidic. However, recent studies demonstrates that small amounts of
    naturally occurring acids (other than carbonic acid) lower the normal
    pH of precipitation closer to 5.0. This argues for a revision of the
    current pH criterion for acid precipitation.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Gene E. Likens (now of the New York Botanical Garden) and his
    associates reported an increase in the acidity of rainfall over the
    eastern United States during the 1955 to 1973 period. Their findings
    were later confirmed and updated by measurements made by the National
    Atmospheric Deposition Program in the United States and by the Canadian
    Networks for Sampling Precipitation (Figure 16.13). Much of this
    upswing in precipitation acid. can be attributed to acid rain
    precursors emitted during fuel combustion for power.
                                   __________
      Statement of Adam Sharp, Assistant Director Governmental Relations,
                        American Farm Bureau Federation
        Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the opportunity to provide testimony
    for this important hearing on air quality. I am Adam Sharp, Assistant
    Director of Governmental Relations for the American Farm Bureau
    Federation, here in Washington, DC. I also am a partner in my family's
    farm in southeastern Ohio. Along with my three brothers, father and
    grandfather, we operate a dairy farm and a diversified crop farm. I am
    a member of the Virginia Farm Bureau Federation and today I am
    representing the American Farm Bureau Federation, the nation's largest
    general farm organization with more than 4.7 million member families. I
    am pleased to have the opportunity to discuss with you today the
    impacts of new air standard on the agricultural community. My comments
    focus primarily on the Environmental Protection Agency's decision to
    revise the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for
    particulate matter. Farm Bureau supports Senate Bill 1084 for many
    reasons. but foremost because it would allow the necessary time for the
    agriculture community and EPA to gain a mote accurate understanding of
    agriculture emissions, how much we emit, and to what extent the air
    quality standards will impact our industry My comments focus primarily
    on the new PM2.5 standard.
        As a preface to my comments, I think that it would be appropriate
    to share with you a portion of Farm Bureau's policy on air quality chat
    was adopted by delegates to our annual meeting. It clearly outlines the
    position of America's farmers and rancher.
    Regarding the Importance of Clean Air
        It reads in part:

        ``We support a healthy environment.''
        ``We support government policies that: Are based on sound
        scientific evidence; provide incentives to industries seeking to
        become more energy efficient or to reduce emissions of identifiable
        atmospheric pollutants; sect cooperation of organizations and
        governments, foreign and domestic, to develop better understanding
        and research on the implications of atmospheric pollution and the
        means of preventing it.''
        The evidence is quite strong that conservation has been a priority
    for farmers and ranchers for many years. There has been and continues
    to be a tremendous amount of conservation activity on farms and ranches
    across the country. These activities include such things as protecting
    wildlife habitat, creating wetlands, grassed waterways and field buffer
    strips. We also use conservation tillage techniques, cover crops and
    planting trees and vegetation for wind breaks. All these activities
    reduce wind erosion of the soil. which in turn, provides cleaner air.
    The Conservation Reserve Program alone will idle up to 36.4 million
    acres across the country that provides vegetation that stabilizes soil
    and prevents wind blown dust. Wind erosion on 84 percent of the
    nation's rangeland, 86 percent of the cropland, and virtually all of
    the pasture land is now less than the tolerable soil loss rate--
    meaning, the rate at which soil erosion can occur without surpassing
    the natural rate of soil regeneration (which is 2-12 tones per acre per
    year). And soil lost to wind erosion continues to decrease as farmers
    expand these extremely environmentally beneficial practices. Farmers
    are cleaning the air and should get credit for those activities.
        However, agriculture is concerned because EPA lacks actual
    measurements of what agriculture emits in the form of fine particulate.
    One estimate is that 34.3 percent of primary fine particulate matter
    can be attributed to agriculture and forestry. Another suggests as low
    as 5 percent of primary fine particulate. However, that figure does not
    take into account diesel emissions. fertilizer and chemical sources,
    unpaved roads, organic and ammonia sources and many others.
        EPA is finally acknowledging what we have been telling them:
    Agriculture is not a major emitter of this pollutant However, nothing
    has been done to date to correct faulty documentation that
    overestimates agricultural sources, or solidify Administrator Browners'
    promise that agriculture will not be impacted. The Administrator's
    promises have done little for our concerns because State decide who
    will be regulated, not her.
        Regarding these questionable estimates, I quote Dr. Calvin Parnell,
    a professor of Agricultural Engineering at Texas A&M University and a
    member of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Task Force on Air
    Quality. He says, and we agree that:

        ``The data used to develop this inventory was based on erroneous
        emission factors published by CPA for cattle feed yards, feed
        mills, grain elevators and dust from farmers' field operations.''
        Those comments were made last spring in a hearing held by a
    subcommittee of the House Agriculture Committee, Furthermore, I quote
    the Honorable Larry Combest, Chairman of the House Agriculture
    Subcommittee on Forestry Resource Conservation, and Research, from that
    same hearing. He says, and we agree, that:

        The science employed in developing this rule is not up to par, and
        I'm concerned that farmers could bear the brunt of a bad policy
        based on equally bad science, We don't have the research yet to
        know whether we can actually attain theme standards, how much it
        will cost the agriculture industry and the consuming public, and
        bow much agriculture activity actually contribute to air pollution
        problems.''
        We share these same concerns. We also commend and extend the
    comments raised by the USDA, the USDA Task Force on Air Quality and the
    Small Business Administration in regards to economic impacts of this
    standard on farms and ranches.
    California Situation
        Today, however, I want to focus on the actual present situation
    California agriculture is dealing with in regards to the present
    PM10 Non-Attainment Area for central and southern
    California. as determined by the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act.
    Under this status, a major potion of California's agriculture has been
    faced with a number of challenges which, in many cases, are yet to be
    resolved. Agriculture in others areas of the country may face the same
    situations if a new PM standard is imposed.
        The money, time and resources California agriculture has spent
    attempting to meet the PM10 ambient air quality standard has
    given Farm Bureau plenty of reasons to believe that we cannot jump
    immediately into a new air quality standard of which we know so little
    about. It is an absolute necessity to allow science surrounding
    PM2.5 to develop so that intelligent, reasonable and
    justifiable decisions can be made.
        Let me expand on one air district's experiences in dealing with the
    present PM10 standard. These are examples of situations
    agriculture has faced in the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution
    Control District.
        Example 1: The emission inventory for agricultural tillage
    operations was the focus of the initial discussions with the air
    district. There are two major problems identified in this inventory.
    First, the actual number of passes the equipment makes per acre, and
    second, the PM10 emission produced from each type of
    operation such as discing, ripping or furrowing. This problem was due
    to the fact that information, published by the EPA, indicated that
    alfalfa was disced 8 times per year, rice 13 times per year and
    rangeland twice per year. This greatly overestimated the emissions and
    made agriculture the prime target. First, farmers disc and seed alfalfa
    maybe only once every 3 or more years, not 8 per year, and farmers
    don't even disc rice or rangeland at all, especially 13 times and twice
    per year respectively.
        Some of the control measures suggested for agriculture operations
    included: sprinkler irrigation on fields prior to planting; water tanks
    mounted on tractors and water sprays on the back of discing equipment
    (without thing into account that water is at a premium in California),
    and the use of shaking equipment to shake trucks and farm implements
    prior to exiting a field or unpaved road onto a paved road (this would
    supposedly eliminate the carry-out of mud or dirt, which would later be
    entrained into the atmosphere by cars or trucks on paved roads). These
    irrational and impractical controls would have done little if nothing
    to clean the air and would have been extremely costly for California
    agriculture, had they not been corrected.
        Just by updating the inventory with current acreage information for
    each crop and correcting the number of passes per acre for tillage
    equipment, the agricultural PM10 emission inventory for
    tillage operations was reduced 30 percent.
        Example 2: At one point it was discussed that farms should be
    permitted by their local air districts. In the San Joaquin Valley
    alone, it was speculated that there would be over 31,000 permits for
    farms written. Each silage pile, unpaved road and equipment storage
    yard, to name a few, would have been permitted. The District estimated
    that they would need 70 additional permitting engineers to process air
    quality permits just for farms (local stationary source permit, and
    also a Federal Operating permit).
        Example 3: As, I indicated, there has been information used by the
    air districts that identifies agriculture as a primary source of
    PM10 emissions. For the past 5 years, California's
    agriculture community has fought to address the deficiencies in those
    inventories. One example is windblown dust emissions from agricultural
    lands. In the original inventory, it was assumed that all farming in
    California was ``dryland'' farmed. It assumed that the land was not
    irrigated, and that there was no vegetation cover, or cover canopy,
    from the crops. Once irrigation and vegetation cover was put into the
    wind erosion equations, the wind erosion PM10 emission
    inventory was reduced an incredible 80 percent from 410 tons per day of
    PM10, to 58 tons per day of PM10.
        Example 4: Probably the most blatant example of an inaccurate
    inventory, which would have cost the agricultural industry thousands of
    dollars, was the initial emission inventory for combustion engines used
    to drive irrigation pumps. The original inventory estimated nitrogen
    oxide (NOX) emissions (a precursor of PM) at 626 tons per day from all
    of the diesel engine pumps in the San Joaquin Valley. This would be the
    highest emissions category for NOX emissions in the San Joaquin Valley,
    exceeding all the mobile sources including all cars and trucks, which
    together only emit 353 tons per day. Driven by agricultural inquiries a
    new study was commissioned that was based on actual interviews with 360
    farmers. The new study determined that the NOX emission for these pumps
    is only 32 tons per day.
        We have only begun to address agriculture's problems with
    PM10 measurements. Many of which are still unaddressed and
    uncorrected. And, other PM10 issues are still arising. For
    example, EPA is also looking at oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and ammonia
    (NH3) from soils as contributors to ambient levels of PM10.
    This could mean farmers will also have to address the application of
    fertilizers and pesticides as an air quality concern, not to mention
    livestock. Yet, recent studies performed in the Valley indicate that
    there is very little NOX or NH3 emissions from the soil. Questions
    about how much particulate matter is released into the air through
    natural occurrences, such as high wind or volcanoes also remain to be
    addressed.
        Considering all these discrepancies, it is unbelievable the we are
    now again faced with the same problems, only this time with smaller
    particulate matter. Based on the 1994 Emissions Inventory for the
    National Particulate Matter Study, fugitive dust emissions from
    agriculture have been listed as the third largest source of
    PM2.5 nationwide, falling behind paved and unpaved roads.
    This is hard to believe, since there has never been any actual
    PM2.5 emission data taken on agricultural tillage equipment
    using EPA approved PM2.5 samplers. All of these examples
    only emphasizes the necessity to fully study PM2.5 before
    deadlines are set and rules are developed.
    California Study
        In attempting to resolve some of the previously mentioned issues,
    it became necessary to conduct a multi-year, multi-faceted air quality
    study. Such a study was developed and is now underway in California.
    This study, known as the California Regional Particulate Matter Air
    Quality Study (CRPMAQS), will address all areas of PM10 and
    PM2.5 issues. This includes emissions determinations and
    quantifications, data analyses, demonstration studies, ambient air
    quality measurements and model development. USDA is playing a major
    role in this study by helping to fund emissions studies for
    agricultural activities and operations. Once completed, it will be the
    source by which decisions in regards to particulate matter will be made
    in California, and will serve to aid other areas in the nation and the
    world in their particulate matter decisionmaking process.
        This comprehensive study, however, will not be completed for
    roughly 5 years and is not all inclusive for agricultural sources. S.
    1084 would give agriculture the needed time to attain this important
    agriculture PM2.5 emissions data I want to emphasize that
    this study is the first comprehensive study that actually measures,
    instead of estimating, agriculture's PM2.5 emissions. In
    order to avoid the mistakes made for PM10, this study and
    others like it must be completed before implementation activities,
    attainment deadlines and regulations begin for yet a new PM standard.
    Conclusion
        In conclusion, I want to reiterate that much work is yet to even
    begin in regards to agriculture industry emissions which should be
    finished before setting a new standard for particulate matter. We must
    develop an accurate measurement method for PM2.5 in order to
    determine and quantify the significant sources of PM2.5 and
    we must complete the necessary research to understand the true nature
    of PM2.5 and what contributes to its formation so as not to
    make the same mistakes that we are making with agricultural
    PM10 emissions.
        The present approach will only serve to put American agriculture at
    a competitive disadvantage with other countries and put agricultural
    producers out of work. Because U.S. agricultural commodity prices are
    tied to world prices, a farmer cannot simply ``pass on'' the cost of
    doing business to the consumer. In other words, we are ``price takers
    and not a price makers.'' Therefore, any increase in operational costs
    of farming is significant and must be based on accurate information
    that justifies the expenditures.
        Agriculture will also see a tremendous amount of indirect impact
    from the new standards. Targeted industries such as the utilities,
    fuel, transportation, chemical, equipment and many more will pass costs
    on to their users. One of which is agriculture. In a study by AUS
    Consultants to be released soon, net cash income for all farmers is
    projected to fall by 10 percent or $5 billion annually over the first 6
    years of implementation of these standards.
        We also want to be careful in not tipping the balance of regulation
    in this country too far, and force our grocers to fill market orders
    with food purchased from other countries that do not always meet the
    same safeguards and health standards as U.S. produced commodities.
        The agriculture community enjoys breathing clean air as much as
    anybody, yet doesn't want to waste money on control measures that have
    little or no effect on cleaning up the air of this nation.
        Finally, the USDA must maintain a strong presence as discussions
    continue on these new standards. The USDA, the Small Business
    Administration and the USDA Agricultural Air Quality Task Force and
    this committee must continue to raise and demand that the concerns of
    America's farmers and ranchers are addressed by the EFA in order to
    ensure a continued safe, abundant, healthy and affordable U.S. food
    supply.
        I end on a note of caution as expressed by Paul Johnson, Chief of
    the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the USDA, who remarked at
    last spring's hearing that:

        ``When local air quality administrators make decisions about which
        pollution control programs to implement they will consider factors
        such as the percentage of total pollution in the airshed that is
        caused by a specific activity or source, and costs and benefits of
        implementing a set of controls on these activities. Agriculture is
        practiced throughout the country using many different technologies
        on a variety of soils and in a variety of climates. Conditions,
        technology and practices, along with a number of other factors
        determine emissions. Agricultural emissions are highly variable
        within and across airsheds and must be evaluated carefully.''

        Thank you.
                                   __________
     Statement of Ande Abbott, International Brotherhood of Boilermakers,
               Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers & Helpers
        The ``Boilermakers'' union represents approximately 90,000 workers
    who are employed in cement production, foundry and forging industry,
    shipyards, and in the construction and maintenance of coal and fossil
    fuel power plants and their emission equipment. In addition,
    Boilermaker members fabricate, install, and maintain cement kilns and
    their emissions equipment.
        Our members strongly support the Clean Air Act. We also worked hard
    to pass the amendments strengthening the Clean Air Act in 1990. We are
    proud that the Clean Air Act has been an effective tool in reducing air
    pollution through out the United States. In the refined amendments to
    the Clean Air Act in 1990, Congress carefully crafted methods to clean
    the air and preserve jobs at the same time. However, in regards to the
    Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Particulate and Ozone Standards
    which has gone into effect, EPA was, even reckless, in promulgating
    their proposal.
        We support S. 1084 which would mandate a moratorium on
    implementation of the regulations until reasonable research can be
    conducted. Congress has the right to say ``no'' to the immediate
    implementation of these regulations, and we are encouraging members of
    Congress to stop the process of implementing such radical air quality
    changes.
        The Clean Air Act has a provision that requires the EPA to review
    the law after 5 years to see if modifications need to be made. EPA has
    used that 5-year review provision to propose new air quality standards
    to the law. These Standards are referred to as the National Ambient Air
    Quality Standards (NAAQS).
        On November 27, 1996, U.S. EPA proposed a substitution to the
    existing ozone standard and a new air quality standard for fine
    particulate matter (PM2.5). Under the new rules the
    regulated particulate matter would be reduced from 10 microns to 2.5
    microns. Additionally, they are counting particulate matter from ALL
    sources--including nature. These levels were proposed despite the fact
    that serious scientific uncertainties exist about the health benefits
    associated with them. Even EPA's own Clean Air Scientific Advisory
    Committee (CASAC) has raised several questions about the technical
    basis and scientific justifications for these proposals. CASAC could
    not reach a consensus that the specific controls would result in
    improved health. Moreover, at this time, we do not even have an air
    monitoring system with the ability to track the levels of PM that have
    been proposed.
        Based on EPA's own information, including its 1996 Air Quality and
    Emissions Trend Report, air quality nationwide is improving and the
    emissions of particulate and ozone are decreasing. All air pollutant
    levels have declined significantly over the past several years,
    primarily as a result of implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments
    of 1990. (The 1990 Amendments of the Clean Air Act are only 40%
    enacted). As subsequent controls mandated by this Act are put in place,
    air quality will be further improved and additional particulate and
    ozone emission reductions will be realized.
        These emission reductions have come at a considerable cost to the
    U.S. economy. Many plants have added clean air equipment to meet
    existing standards. Other companies have escaped meeting the standards
    by using various legal schemes and are currently directed by EPA to
    comply with the clean air standards and comply with the law over the
    next few years Other companies have packed up and left the United
    States, opting to move to Mexico or Asia.
        The added expense associated with the new EPA particulate and ozone
    rules, estimated in the tens of billions of dollars a year, should not
    be imposed without a clear demonstration that the public health and
    environmental benefits are commensurate with the costs. Those companies
    that have made the investment to comply with the current standards may
    have to lay out additional money to comply with the new standards,
    while providing no real improvement in clean air quality.
        Because of the significant uncertainty surrounding the costs,
    benefits, and impacts of EPA's proposed ozone and particulate matter
    rules, the Boilermakers' International President, Mr. Charles W. Jones
    has urged the EPA to reaffirm the current standards, conduct additional
    monitoring of particulate matter and related air quality issues, and
    allow the states to complete action on the ambitious clean air
    standards that are already in place, including existing standards on
    ozone, before embarking on entirely new and costly undertakings. On
    June 25, 1997, President Clinton sided with EPA and ordered the new
    regulations to be put in effect. The President did modify the
    implementation schedule of the new standards, but the effect on U.S.
    workers and industry will be the same in 5 years; disastrous. It is the
    millions of average Americans--not companies or their stockholders--who
    will ultimately pay most of the bill as the costs of implementing the
    standards are passed along throughout the economy in the form of higher
    prices and lower wages. Industry analysts estimate 1.3 million American
    jobs will be lost as a result of the implementation of the new
    particulate matter and ozone rules.
        By including particulate matter from natural sources in the air
    quality counts, many more areas of the country will be in noncompliance
    with the Air Quality Standards. This will force many more companies to
    move out of the U.S. and into other countries such as Mexico, South
    America or Asia where there is no enforcement of clean air standards.
        Nearly half of the country and virtually every economic sector will
    be threatened, the new rules amount to the most aggressive EPA
    regulation ever. The proposed changes would immediately place 800
    counties--five times the current number--into nonattainment. Some parts
    of the country could remain in a perpetual state of nonattainment
    because the proposed ozone standard is so tough.
        Areas that fail to comply with the standard could have severe
    controls and sanctions imposed upon them. These include: limitations on
    the construction of and the expansion of manufacturing facilities; a
    delay of highway projects and a loss of federal highway funds; a
    complex and lengthy permitting process; a need for high emissions
    offsets; residential growth limits; and other restrictions on
    construction.
        A nonattainment designation for any area is not an insignificant
    action. It translates into slower economic growth and fewer new
    businesses and expansions. Offset requirements and other new source
    review and licensing provisions increase the difficulty of luring new
    companies into nonattainment areas.
        Additionally, because of the EPA implemented standards, those areas
    of the country that are not currently in compliance will have an
    additional 10 years to comply with the Clean Air Act. Under the current
    clean air standards, Washington, D.C., as an example, must be in
    compliance in 1998, since these new regulations have been implemented,
    the Washington D.C. area will have until 2008 to comply with the Clean
    Air Act. Therefore, air quality will actually be worse in that area.
        Other onerous restrictions and sanctions also impact plants in
    nonattainment areas. The Clean Air Act requires a complex and time-
    consuming permitting requirement on all new construction in
    nonattainment areas. All transportation projects must be found to be in
    ``conformity'' with the State's clean air plan before they can go
    forward. And if a State misses any of the myriad of Clean Air
    requirements, the Act mandates EPA to withhold all federal highway
    funds as an automatic sanction. The result: industrial and
    infrastructure projects can be delayed years--even decades--by Clean
    Air Act requirements in nonattainment areas.
        The primary way EPA intends to reduce ozone emissions is to target
    large power plants, ``37 states have worked over the last 2 years to
    address the long distance transport of ozone. This plan focuses on
    major power plants (which offer the most cost-effective opportunities
    for reducing pollution) to reduce nitrogen oxide, a key ingredient of
    smog.''
        EPA cannot reduce or eliminate natural airborne particulates. EPA's
    standards, according to their own press releases, are intended to
    reduce or eliminate the effects that air pollutants have on people with
    lung ailments such as asthma. Asthma is an allergic reaction to various
    substances. Many people are allergic to grass, dust mites, dogs, cats,
    birds, weeds, trees, flowers, carpet, perfume, etc. and, unfortunately,
    some people die of exposure to those substances. Some studies show that
    the incidence of asthma actually increases as the air gets cleaner.
    However, there are no scientific studies that indicate that the
    incidence of asthma related deaths would be reduced by the new air
    quality standards. In addition, EPA is forced to control only man made
    sources of emissions.
        There are periods of times when the pollen count from grass and
    trees are high enough to trigger an EPA action day. As a result, EPA
    has said they would be forced to shut down construction sites, ban lawn
    mowing, shut down power plants and force car pooling.
        In the long range, coal and fossil fuel fired plants would not be
    permitted to exist. Cement plants would not be permitted to be built in
    most areas of the United States and turbine powered electrical power
    generators would be the EPA preferred plant type. Utilities would cost
    more and the jobs of most workers who build and maintain the coal and
    fossil fuel boiler plants would be eliminated.
        Considering the effect on our foundry and forging industry, cement
    plants, shipyards and shops, Boilermakers are likely to lose 35,000
    jobs over the next seven to 10 years because of the new standards. And,
    the United States would not have air quality any cleaner than it would
    have been under the current standards.
    Conclusion
        There are also serious questions regarding the need to change these
    air quality standards at this time. EPA must under the Clean Air Act
    review these air quality standards every 5 years. There are ample
    reasons why waiting until the next review to change the standards would
    make more sense.
        First and foremost, EPA is trying to fix something that isn't
    broken. EPA has publicly and repeatedly stated that the Clean Air Act
    Amendments of 1990 are working to reduce air pollution. For instance,
    EPA's recent air pollution ``trends'' analysis found 204 metropolitan
    areas with downward trends in pollution levels and only 16 showing an
    upward increase; 15 of these 16 are in no danger of violating any EPA
    air quality standard.
        This progress will continue. The Clean Air Amendments of 1990
    created a blueprint for state and federal action on ozone that will
    deliver continuing improvements in air quality well into the next
    century. A myriad of other Clean Air Act programs, such as the acid
    rain, clean cars, and air toxin programs, have yet to be fully
    implemented and will also insure that continued progress is made on
    ozone, particulates, and other pollutants for the foreseeable future.
        For particulate matter, EPA acknowledges that additional monitoring
    of the air should be done to determine the extent of the fine particle
    problem. Moreover, because of the lack of monitoring data, EPA and
    states cannot start designating areas and ordering emissions reductions
    for approximately 5 to 8 years. This delay gives ample time for EPA to
    reconsider the science and build consensus before implementing a new
    standard.
        In conclusion, due to the significant uncertainty surrounding the
    costs, benefits, and impacts of EPA's implemented ozone and PM rules,
    we urge Congress to support S. 1084 which would mandate a moratorium on
    implementation of the regulations until reasonable research can be
    conducted. This is an issue of considerable importance to the
    Boilermakers, the nation and to all of America's working families--
    especially to those American workers whose lives would be enormously
    disrupted due to the twin requirements that would keep new jobs away
    and drive existing jobs out of the urban areas and into rural areas--
    and potentially out of the U.S. We believe we can continue to enjoy air
    quality improvements without imposing additional costly and potentially
    unnecessary rules, like those implemented by the EPA for particulate
    matter and ozone.
                                   __________
      Statement of Jason Grumet, Executive Director, Northeast States for
                    Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM)
        Good morning. My name is Jason Grumet. I am Executive Director of
    the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management or NESCAUM, a
    regional association of state air pollution control agencies
    representing the six New England states, New York and New Jersey. Since
    1967, NESCAUM has provided technical assistance and policy guidance to
    its member states on regional air pollution issues of concern in the
    Northeast. On behalf of my colleagues who work every day to achieve
    compliance with the national air quality standards, I appreciate the
    opportunity to present our views regarding S. 1084 and the revised
    National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone and
    particulate matter.
        As most of you are undoubtedly aware, the Northeast states support
    the revised ozone and PM standards. We support them because they make
    more sense, because they will do a better job of protecting and
    informing the public, and because they will drive more rational air
    quality management decisions. For the same reasons, we oppose S. 1084
    which would effectively rescind the new standards and lead to another 5
    years of unnecessary delay when we could be moving in the right
    direction.
        I would like to try and provide some insight into the thinking that
    has led us to this position. It begins with a fundamental premise: that
    certainty and perfection are always goals, but never options. Over the
    last 30 years we have made incredible progress reducing the public
    health threat from polluted air while the economy has prospered and
    grown. Still, in the field of air pollution control I am not aware of a
    single instance when we were able to make a decision with the benefit
    of scientific consensus. Rather, our decisions have been relative
    choices between imperfect options. Examined in this context, sound
    decisions have been made which have substantially improved our quality
    of life. The new standards represent another such decision. When facing
    the question of supporting or opposing the new NAAQS, we asked
    ourselves two basic questions:

      1. Will the new standards provide the public with better information
        about the risks associated with air pollution than the old
        standards?
      2. Will the new standards result in more rational, cost-effective,
        and equitable pollution control strategies than the old standards?

        To both these questions, the answer is yes. I submit to the
    Subcommittee that we do know enough right now to be certain that the
    new standards based on 1990's science do a better job in both these
    respects than the old standards that were based on 1970's science.
    Because the new standards better reflect the physical reality of the
    pollution problems they address, they will more accurately inform the
    public, thereby empowering people to better protect their health, and
    they will inspire more effective and less costly pollution control
    efforts.
    Overview of Old & New Ozone Standards
        The old standards are based on 20-year-old science. Much of it
    conducted in the geological and meteorological oddity we refer to as
    the Los Angeles Air Basin. These standards, that S. 1084 would
    perpetuate, provide at best a partial diagnosis of our air quality
    problems. As such, they inspire a regulatory framework that at times
    drives inefficient and inequitable results. Our physical understanding
    of ozone in the 1970's was that it was primarily an urban problem
    driven by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Believing that ozone was
    formed locally each day and destroyed each night, we designed a
    standard to protect against one hour spikes in peak ozone levels.
        We now know that ozone pollution is a regional problem which
    adversely effects large areas for several days at a time. In the last
    20 years, we also have learned that regionwide controls on nitrogen
    oxides (NOx) are by far the most effective approach to bringing down
    these chronically high ozone levels in both urban and rural areas.
    While VOC controls have reduced peak ozone levels in our heavily
    urbanized areas, a continued effort to address a regional environmental
    problem primarily through urban control efforts will ultimately fail.
    The mismatch between the old standard and the true science is
    demonstrated by the fact that many areas ``bounce'' in and out of
    attainment every few years. This inefficient and confusing situation
    results from the old standard's extreme sensitivity to a single high
    ozone episode and from the old standard's incorrect assumption that
    local air quality is determined solely by local actions.
        The new eight-hour ozone standard--because it aims at bringing down
    the underlying average ozone values over a several year period--is less
    susceptible to meteorological variability. Removing the threat that one
    hot summer will bring an area into nonattainment will allow states to
    focus their regulatory efforts on long term strategies that will
    provide government and business with the certainty necessary to plan
    for the future.
    The New Ozone Standard Provides the Public with Accurate Information
        One of government's fundamental obligations is to provide the
    public with accurate information about the risks we face. This
    obligation is particularly strong in the case of ozone pollution since
    daily levels vary greatly and people with proper information can take
    steps to diminish their exposure. The present ozone standard fails to
    accurately inform tens of millions of people that the air in their
    communities presents a health risk. The old standard's focus on ozone
    peaks leads one to conclude that residents of the Northeast bear
    substantial risk from ozone pollution whereas residents throughout most
    of the Southeast and Midwest live in places that are ozone free.
        An examination of the chronic ozone levels monitored over a 5-year
    period tells a very different story. Attachment A depicts the highest
    ozone level recorded each and every day during the summer months from
    1991 through 1995. Under the old standard which determines an areas'
    status based on the fourth highest hour long ozone level in a 3-year
    period, the entire state of Massachusetts is designated as a
    ``serious'' ozone nonattainment area. Yet when measuring the ozone
    levels experienced every day, Massachusetts residents experience
    considerably less exposure to ozone smog than residents in a host of
    states that are entirely or largely in attainment of the old standard.
    Most troubling from a public health standpoint is that millions of
    people are being misled by the old standards regime to believe that
    they are not being exposed to unhealthy levels of ozone smog. The new
    ozone standard will go a long way toward aligning chronic exposure
    levels with an area's attainment status. Vacating this new standard, as
    S. 1084 proposes to do, will knowingly perpetuate misinformation.
        Such an action would also mean missing a critical opportunity to
    build, over the next several years, the public support needed to
    implement future pollution control measures. Unsurprisingly, many of
    the areas with the highest chronic ozone exposures happen to be the
    areas with the highest NOx emissions. See Attachment B. Under the old
    standard, political leaders and citizens from many of these areas had
    little motivation to reduce their emissions because they believed,
    incorrectly, that their air was clean. We have found that the
    altruistic desire to reduce the pollution transported into other states
    has failed to motivate upwind states to impose even the most cost
    effective pollution controls. Given accurate information, millions of
    midwesterners will quickly learn that there is a compelling new reason
    to support clean air efforts--protection of their health and their
    children's health. In the Northeast, rational self-interest has
    motivated substantial reductions in utility NOx emissions. We
    anticipate similar behavior by our upwind neighbors once they are given
    accurate information by the EPA. The fact that controlling pollution
    from midwest power plants will also improve air quality and public
    health in the Northeast is simply an added benefit.
    Overview of Old and New Particulate Standards
        While the Northeast states have far less experience dealing with
    fine particle pollution, our support for the new fine particle
    standards reflects many of the same themes outlined in the previous
    discussion about ozone smog. We believe that the health science
    strongly supports a focus on small particles. The new standard
    recognizes the regional nature of the fine PM problem. And, the new
    standard appears relatively robust and not contingent upon sporadic
    meteorological events.
        Under the old standard, which targeted larger particles of ten
    microns or less, control efforts focused on highly localized problems
    of windblown dust often associated with construction sites in the East
    and agricultural practices in the West. Under the new standards, our
    attention will turn to the small combustion related particles less than
    2.5 microns in diameter. Far from a localized problem, elevated levels
    of PM2.5 persist across most of the Eastern United States.
    These tiny particles are emitted directly from sources like heavy-duty
    diesel trucks and are formed from the gaseous emissions of sulfates,
    nitrates, and organic aerosols. Undoubtedly debate will persist for
    years over particle size, the stringency of the standards and the exact
    biological mechanisms that cause more people to die and get sick when
    fine particle levels are elevated. However, the existence of debate and
    disagreement does not justify interrupting progress toward
    implementation of the new PM standards.
        EPA has created ample time for additional scientific review and
    extensive state based monitoring prior to the designation of
    PM2.5 nonattainment areas and prior to the imposition of
    controls. The presence of the new PM2.5 standard provides
    the certainty necessary for states and industry to begin to plan
    effectively. The Northeast States are moving quickly to design
    monitoring networks and to build a better understanding of the sources
    and science behind small particle pollution. If S. 1084 becomes law,
    these efforts will be slowed considerably and possibly stopped
    altogether. The fact that no one state can solve this problem
    independently creates an impediment to continued action without the
    knowledge that all states are working to achieve a federal health
    standard.
    The New Standards are More Cost Effective than the Old Standards
        I've indicated previously that the new standards will focus our
    control efforts where they will have the greatest environmental
    benefit. The new standards will also assist states in focusing controls
    where they're most cost-effective. While Congress was correct in
    instructing EPA to disregard economic considerations when setting
    health based air quality standards, cost has everything to do with how
    we go about implementing these standards. Compliance costs are a matter
    of great concern to our states, to those impacted by our regulatory
    decisions, and I'm sure, to the members of this Subcommittee.
        We believe the new standards are more cost-effective than the
    standards they will replace. For ozone, the focus will shift to NOx
    controls on utilities. The good news is that very significant NOx
    reductions are available from utilities and heavy duty diesel engines
    (the largest sources of regional NOx emissions) for less than $1,000
    per ton. By comparison, we have spent up to $10,000 ton for VOC
    controls in attempts to meet the old ozone standard. Since highly cost-
    effective emissions controls are available in these sectors, the costs
    that will be passed through to manufacturers in the form of electricity
    or transportation costs will be quite low. For example, a study we
    performed in 1995 and many similar studies indicate that utility NOx
    reductions on the order of 85 percent can be achieved for one to two
    tenths of a cent per kilowatt hour--a small fraction of the savings
    that will be achieved through utility restructuring. For fine
    particles, the focus of our control efforts will shift to emissions
    from heavy duty diesel engines and to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions
    from utilities. Because we haven't done as much to regulate heavy duty
    engines in the past, further, cost-effective emissions reductions are
    still available from this sector. And SO2 is, as you know, a pollutant
    we already regulate very cost-effectively under the acid rain program.
        Much attention has been devoted to attempts to identify the costs
    and benefits of complying with the new air pollution standards. Some of
    these studies provide useful insights and can improve the quality and
    thoughtfulness of regulatory proposals. However, I would caution anyone
    relying solely on cost-benefit analysis to reach a decision on the
    efficacy of the new standards. The sum of uncertainties contained in
    any effort to project costs and benefits over a 20-year period is often
    greater than the insight provided. For one thing, it is very difficult
    to fairly express clean air benefits in monetary terms. At the same
    time, the costs of complying with new environmental standards tend to
    be are consistently overstated, thus skewing the cost-benefit analysis.
        First, industry estimates are almost always overly conservative
    since they are based on worst-case scenarios and contain a host of
    negative contingencies which are often never realized. Second, once
    environmental requirements are clearly set, competition among bidders
    and vendors invariably lower compliance costs. Third, innovation in
    methods, processes and technologies often substantially lowers the
    costs of compliance. Finally, the recent regulatory trend toward
    market-based control strategies has succeeded in allowing companies
    with higher than average marginal control costs to procure credits from
    companies with lower than average costs.
        These factors have consistently produced actual control costs far
    below industry predictions. Looking across a wide range of industries,
    predicted costs seem to be overstated by a factor of five to ten.
    Attachment C provides some examples to illustrate this point. In New
    Jersey, when opposing regulations to control the pollution emitted when
    marine vessels off-load gasoline, the industry estimated an increased
    cost of 2 cents per gallon. Actual costs were later reported by the
    industry to be 1/5 of a cent per gallon. Similarly, the American
    Petroleum Institute argued that removing lead from gasoline would add
    8-10 cents to a gallon of gasoline when the actual cost turned out to
    be less than 2 cents per gallon. The American Automobile Manufacturers
    Association and its member companies testified on numerous occasions
    that it would cost over $1000 per car to meet the Low Emission Vehicle
    Tailpipe standards if it was technologically possible at all. The
    actual cost has been found by California to be roughly $100 per
    vehicle. Moreover, the automobile manufacturers are promoting a
    voluntary program to sell vehicles meeting these standards nationwide.
    When the acid rain program was under consideration in 1990, we were
    told by utility representatives to expect costs up to $1,000 per ton of
    SO2 removed. Today you can buy a one-ton SO2 allowance for about $100
    under the kind of flexible, market based emissions trading approach
    we're bound to see more of as we implement the new standards. It seems
    no one is immune from overstating predicted costs, even the EPA. In its
    March 1994 guidance on NOx reductions from utilities, the Agency
    predicted that sources should be able to achieve a 30 percent to 50
    percent NOx reduction for under $1,300 per ton. A mere 3 years later,
    present technology can achieve a 90 percent NOx reduction for under
    $1,000 per ton.
        In short, we have every reason to expect that these new standards,
    like all the ones that came before, will turn out to be cheaper to
    implement that their critics now estimate. There is only one dynamic
    that can interrupt the technological innovation and competition
    necessary to drive down the cost of additional pollution control. That
    dynamic is uncertainty and delay. If the standards are repealed under
    S. 1084 while more studies are conducted, industry will not commit the
    investment necessary to innovate. The result will be higher than
    necessary compliance costs.
        My third and final point relates to regional equity. One of the
    reasons we in the Northeast support the new ozone and fine particle
    standards is because we are deeply concerned by the inequity that
    exists between upwind and downwind regions under the present ozone
    standard and EPA's traditional implementation regime. I mentioned
    earlier that many of the ``chronic exposure attainment areas'' in the
    industrial Midwest also happen to be the states with the highest
    utility NOx emissions. A comparison of Attachments A and Bdemonstrates
    this fact. As you will note, each of the seven states identified in
    Attachment B produce more utility NOx emissions than the eight
    northeast states combined.
        We commend EPA for recognizing that the long-range windborne
    transport of pollutants--especially in the case of ozone and fine
    particulates--requires regional solutions and for incorporating this
    understanding in its plans for the implementation of the new standards.
    Attachment D illustrates the importance of long-range transport with
    respect to ozone. Analysis of 5 years of ozone and wind data shows that
    on good air quality days in the Northeast, the wind is coming from
    Canada and is stagnant over the Midwest. But on the highest ozone days
    in the Northeast, winds are blowing strongly over the Ohio River Valley
    which is home to many of the largest NOx sources in the nation. The new
    standards should at long last require these upwind areas to join the
    Northeast in emissions reduction strategies. By doing so, those areas
    won't just be doing the Northeast a favor, they'll be creating
    immediate public health and environmental benefits for their own
    citizens. When you consider that the states with the highest chronic
    ozone exposure and highest utility emissions are largely in compliance
    with the old standard, while states with lower chronic ozone exposures
    and lower utility emissions are largely out of compliance with the old
    standard, I hope you will understand why the Northeast states are
    opposed to S. 1084 and any other efforts to slow the transition to a
    new ozone standard.
        In short, we believe that implementation of the revised standards
    can result in more rational, equitable, and cost-effective emissions
    reduction strategies. That doesn't mean it will be easy or that there
    will be no regulatory impacts. It will be a challenge. But it is one
    that we in the Northeast are prepared to take on because we know that
    regional levels of both ozone and fine particulate matter must be
    lowered to protect the public health. We also know that we need the new
    standards, now, to empower us to begin to do just that. Thank you again
    for this opportunity to present testimony.

        Statement of George D. Thurston, Sc.D., Associate Professor of
       Environmental Medicine at the New York University (NYU) School of
                                    Medicine

        I am George D. Thurston, a tenured Associate Professor of
    Environmental Medicine at the New York University (NYU) School
    of Medicine. My scientific research involves investigations of
    the human health effects of air pollution.
        I am also the Director of the National Institute of
    Environmental Health Sciences' (NIEHS) Community Outreach and
    Education Program at NYU. A goal of this program is to provide
    an impartial scientific resource on environmental health issues
    to decision-makers, and that is my purpose in testifying to you
    here today.
        I must take issue with much of the intent of Bill S. 1084
    and with the findings upon which it is based. First, the new
    ozone standard will not disrupt or delay ozone reductions, as
    implied by Finding 4: instead, it is S. 1084 that would
    increase uncertainty in the marketplace and by regulators,
    thereby slowing air quality progress. Second, Findings 5 and 6
    fail to acknowledge that, as stated in George Wolff's letters
    of closure to the Administrator, CASAC reached a consensus that
    a fine particulate matter (PM2.5) standard is
    needed, and that the ozone standard should be changed to an 8-
    hr basis, both of which the EPA promulgated on July 18, 1997.
    The revocation of these new ozone and PM2.5
    standards that is called for in Bill S. 1084 would be unwise,
    and would be inconsistent with the intent of the Clean Air Act.
        It is argued in the findings of Bill S. 1084 that
    significant progress has already been made, but this is not
    really the case for ozone over the last decade. As shown in the
    figure below, progress regarding ambient ozone levels in the
    U.S. had slowed in recent years under the old standards. In
    contrast, the new standards will engender a cleaning up of the
    air on a broader geographical basis than under the old
    standard. Thus, implementing the standards recently set by the
    EPA is the best way to ensure continued and even more rapid
    U.S. air quality improvements.
        Moreover, Bill S. 1084 wrongly seeks to fundamentally
    rewrite the Clean Air Act by restructuring who decides whether
    new standards are needed. The existing Clean Air Act requires
    that the EPA review the standards every 5 years, and then
    leaves that standard setting decision to the Administrator,
    with advice from CASAC. Bill S. 1084, in contrast, seeks to
    shift that power to the Congress, by imposing a change back to
    the old O3 and PM standards. In addition, this bill
    says that the next science review of these standards may not
    occur any earlier than 4 years from now, but sets no
    requirement for the latest that this review may occur, which
    could possibly be interpreted as eliminating the Clean Air Act
    requirement for every 5-year reviews of these pollutants. These
    changes would represent a dramatic and unacceptable change in
    the Clean Air Act.

        The CAA has worked well for the last quarter of a century,
    right up to today. During the most recent O3 and PM
    standard reviews, CASAC reached consensus that the PM standard
    needed to be revised to directly control fine particles
    (PM2.5), and that the ozone standard needed to be
    changed to an eight hour average basis. The EPA followed that
    advice, and set standards that are in the best interest of the
    American public. The Congress should not try to ``fix''
    something that isn't broken: the Clean Air Act is working just
    fine, and there is no need for the fundamental change in the
    Clean Air Act that is being proposed by S. 1084.
        The adverse health consequences of breathing ozone or
    particulate matter are serious and well documented, even at
    levels below the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards
    (NAAQS) that were in effect before July 18, 1997. This
    documentation includes impacts demonstrated by controlled
    chamber exposures and by observational epidemiology showing
    consistent associations between each of these pollutants and
    adverse impacts across a wide range of human health outcomes.
    The implementation of the NAAQS promulgated by the U.S. EPA on
    July 18 will provide a substantial improvement in the public
    health protection provided to the American people by the Clean
    Air Act, but the passage of Bill S. 1084 would block that much
    needed improvement in public health protection.
        Ozone (O3) is a highly irritating gas that is
    formed in our atmosphere in the presence of sunlight from other
    ``precursor'' air pollutants, including nitrogen oxides and
    hydrocarbons. These precursor pollutants, which cause the
    formation of ozone, are emitted by pollution sources including
    automobiles, electric power plants, and industry.
        Particulate Matter (PM) air pollution is composed of two
    major components: primary particles, or ``soot,'' emitted
    directly into the atmosphere by pollution sources such as
    industry, electric power plants, diesel buses, and automobiles,
    and; ``secondary particles'' formed in the atmosphere from
    sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases, emitted by many
    combustion sources, including coal-burning electric power
    plants.
        Observational epidemiology studies have shown compelling
    and consistent evidence of adverse effects by ozone and PM
    below the old U.S. standards that Senate Bill 1084 seeks to
    regress back to, if passed. These scientific studies
    statistically evaluate changes in the incidence of adverse
    health effects in a single population as it undergoes varying
    real-life exposures to pollution over time, or across multiple
    populations experiencing different exposures from one place to
    another. They are of two types: 1) population-based studies, in
    which aggregated counts of effects (e.g., hospital admissions
    counts) from an entire city might be considered in the
    analysis; and, 2) cohort studies, in which selected
    individuals, such as a group of asthmatics, are considered.
    Both of these types of epidemiologic studies have shown
    confirmatory associations between ozone and PM air pollution
    exposures and increased adverse health impacts, including:

     decreased lung function (a measure of our ability to
        breathe freely);
     more frequent respiratory symptoms;
     increased numbers of asthma attacks;
     more frequent emergency department visits;
     additional hospital admissions, and;
     increased numbers of daily deaths.

        The newly promulgated EPA air quality standards are
    appropriate, and are based on sound science.
        In my own research, I have found that both ozone and
    particulate matter air pollution are associated with increased
    numbers of respiratory hospital admissions in New York City,
    Buffalo, NY, and Toronto, Ontario, even at levels below the
    current standards. My results have been confirmed by other
    researchers considering locales elsewhere in the world. The
    U.S. EPA used my New York City asthma results in their ``Staff
    Paper'' when estimating the health benefits of tightening the
    ozone standard.
        In previous Congressional hearings, much discussion
    centered on the hospital admissions effects of ozone, but
    ozone's other impacts have been largely ignored. Indeed,
    hospital admissions in New York City are only a small fraction
    of the benefits to be accrued by lowering pollution levels. The
    effects of ozone on hospital admissions represent only the
    ``tip of the iceberg'' of all of the many adverse effects
    associated with this pollutant, and they are therefore best
    viewed as indicators of the much broader spectrum of adverse
    health effects being experienced unnecessarily by the public
    today as a result of air pollution exposures. Most of these
    adverse effects are not directly recorded, however, as no
    central records are kept of these related, but more numerous,
    adverse pollutant impacts, such as increased restricted
    activity days and doctors visits.
        In order to give some insight into the much larger numbers
    of other effects lurking beneath the surface of the ozone
    hospital admissions effects noted by George Wolff in Table VI-2
    (revised) of the Ozone OAQPS Staff Paper (June, 1996) and
    during previous testimony to this Subcommittee, I have made
    working estimates of the other documented adverse impacts of
    ozone exposure that will also be reduced in New York City, if
    the EPA's new ozone standard were to be implemented as
    originally proposed.
        The results of my analysis are presented in the figure
    below, entitled the ``Pyramid of Annual New York City Adverse
    Impacts of Ozone Avoided by the Implementation of the Proposed
    New Standard (vs. ``As Is''). This pyramid is intended to be
    illustrative of the enormous gaps in the table presented by Dr.
    Wolff, and is not presented as a peer-reviewed comprehensive
    documentation of all the benefits which would be accrued by
    achieving the EPA's proposed new standard. Please note that the
    figure could not be drawn ``to scale.'' If it were drawn ``to
    scale'', the New York City (NYC) asthma admissions triangle
    would not even be visible, since it accounts for only
    approximately 0.01% of the total number of ozone related
    impacts noted for NYC. However, despite the fact that it
    visually overstates the relative size of the NYC hospital
    asthma admissions, and the fact that still other ozone effects
    cannot be considered in these calculations due to a lack of
    data, this figure still makes very clear that the New York City
    asthma admissions counts considered in the Wolff table
    represent only a small fraction (far less than 1 percent) of
    the adverse effects of air pollution which will be avoided
    through the implementation of the new standard being proposed
    by the EPA.

        The starting point of the analysis I used to estimate the
    ``pyramid'' of effects noted in the attached figure is the 265
    New York City asthma admissions estimated to be avoided as a
    result of the implementation of the new standard, as per the
    top line of the Wolff chart (i.e., 385-120 = 265 admissions).
    First, as I noted above, there are also non-asthma respiratory
    admissions effects. Based upon the average ozone impacts
    derived from my ozone-admissions regression results for New
    York City and Buffalo, this indicates that the non-asthma
    respiratory admissions avoided (for causes such as pneumonia
    and bronchitis) are about 90 percent of the size of the asthma
    admissions, or 240/yr. Now, based on the fact that New York
    City hospital records indicate that 12.6% of pediatric asthma
    emergency department (ED) visits result in an asthma hospital
    admission (Barton et al, 1993), it is estimated that the ED
    visits associated with the 505 ozone-related respiratory
    admissions would amount to approximately 3,500 ozone-induced ED
    visits (i.e., 505 x 1.126). Furthermore, using the ozone
    adverse health effect coefficients derived from the published
    literature by the Empire State Electric Energy Research
    Corporation (ESEERCO) in the New York State Environmental
    Externalities Cost Study (Oceana Publications, Inc., December,
    1995), and ratioing the ozone effect coefficients provided in
    that report with that for asthma hospital admissions in New
    York City (used to get the 265 admissions), effects for other
    outcomes were derived, based on the original 265 NYC hospital
    admissions/day estimate. In this way, estimated annual effects
    to be avoided in New York City each year were also derived for:

     acute (i.e., daily) mortality,
     asthma attacks,
     restricted activity days (i.e., the total number of
        person-days during which some normal activities were
        curtailed), and
     acute respiratory symptom days (i.e., the total number
        of person-days during which additional respiratory symptoms
        would be experienced).

        Some may quarrel with the specific coefficients chosen here
    to model the other effects, but the overall point remains that
    these other effects collectively represent large multiples of
    the hospital admissions benefits noted for New York City in the
    chart presented at the hearing. Moreover, the categories of
    effects considered in the attached figure are not exhaustive by
    any means, but they still serve to show that the table
    presented by Dr. Wolff greatly underestimates the number of
    adverse health events that can be avoided by the meeting the
    standard.
        Note that the numbers in this figure have been corrected to
    avoid double counting of adverse health ``events.'' For
    example, the number of hospital admissions has been subtracted
    from the total number emergency department visits, assuming
    that the patients would have first passed through the ED before
    being admitted.
        Note also that this figure can be used to consider other
    cases in Dr. Wolff's chart as well, since all estimates have
    been scaled to the asthma admissions number. For example, for
    the difference between the existing and the proposed new
    standard cases, the numbers in this figure would all be divided
    by three (= (210-120)/(385-120) = 90/265). However, this
    calculation underestimates the benefits of the new standard,
    since it fails to account for the more rapid progress which
    will no doubt be able to be achieved in New York City under the
    new standard, when upwind counties clean up. The comparison to
    the ``as is'' case contained in the above figure is the more
    apt comparison.
        Finally, while there are about 7 million persons in New
    York City, there are a total of some 122 million persons
    throughout the U.S. who now live in areas exceeding the
    proposed O3 standard, and will therefore also be
    benefited by that new standard. Thus, the New York City
    hospital admissions effects are best viewed as an indicator of
    a much broader spectrum of potentially avoidable adverse health
    effects being experienced by the public today as a result of
    air pollution exposures.
        Mr. Wolff's table also ignores the point that these
    pollution-related hospital admissions differ from other
    admissions, in that they are a violation of the law in the
    U.S., as embodied in the Clean Air Act. It is important to
    remember that these admissions are unlike most other admissions
    in this important way, and, thus, warrant the regulation and
    societal expense needed to eliminate them.
        It is not illegal to be admitted to the hospital, but it is
    illegal for pollution to cause people to go to the hospital. In
    other words, it is right to go to the hospital if you are sick,
    but it is wrong to cause someone else to have to go. This is
    how air pollution induced hospital admissions differ from most
    others, and why it is inappropriate to treat them as equivalent
    to, or as a percentage of, other admissions in legislative
    deliberations and policy making decisions.
        Thus, since polluters are today causing many people to get
    sick enough to go to the hospital, and even to die prematurely,
    who would otherwise not have this happen, and since the Clean
    Air Act has appropriately declared this to be unacceptable and
    illegal, then we must act as a society to stop it, even if it
    is only a small percentage of all admissions or deaths.
        A relevant analogy is to homicides in the U.S.:
    approximately 2 million persons die in the U.S. each year, but
    only about 1 percent of these deaths are due to homicides. We
    as a society do not ignore these homicides because they are
    expensive to prevent and represent only a small fraction of all
    deaths. Homicide is wrong and illegal, so we as a society
    expend a great deal of money and effort trying to prevent
    homicides, and in bringing violators to justice, even though
    homicides represent only a small fraction of all deaths. If one
    were to apply the logic that we should do nothing about air
    pollution because it represents only one of many causes of
    hospital admissions to this case, we would therefore not try to
    prevent or prosecute killers because it is too expensive,
    relative to the small percentage of deaths that homicides
    represent. No one would make this argument for homicides, and
    neither should we make it for hospital admissions and deaths
    caused by pollution. The hospital admissions and deaths induced
    by polluters must also be stopped, even if it is expensive, as
    the Clean Air Act has declared them to be illegal.
        I believe that this rationale is one reason why the
    legislative history of the Clean Air Act, as affirmed by the
    Courts, indicates that these NAAQS must be set without
    consideration of attainment costs.
        Returning to the subject of air pollution health effects,
    among the important adverse effects noted above as also
    occurring in the New York region as a result of air pollution
    exposure are asthma attacks. The airway inflammation induced by
    present day ozone and PM is especially a problem for children
    and adults with asthma, as it makes them more susceptible to
    having asthma attacks. For example, recent controlled human
    studies (e.g., Molfino et al., 1991) have indicated that prior
    exposure to ozone enhances the reactivity of asthmatics to
    aeroallergens, such as pollens, which can trigger asthma
    attacks. In addition, the increased inflammation and diminished
    immune system ozone effects in the lung can make the elderly
    more susceptible to pneumonia, a major cause of illness and
    death in this age group.
        In February, the results of a study I conducted on the
    effects of air pollution on children at a summer ``asthma''
    camp in Connecticut were published. This study of a group of
    about 55 moderate to severely asthmatic children shows that
    these children experience diminished lung function, increased
    asthma symptoms, and increased use of unscheduled asthma
    medications as ozone pollution levels rise. As shown in the
    figure below, the risk of a child having an asthma attack was
    found to be approximately 40 percent higher on the highest
    ozone days than on an average study day, with these adverse
    effects extending to below the old 120 ppb O3 air
    quality standard.

        The O3 morbidity associations indicated by
    epidemiologic studies are supported by a large body of data
    from controlled exposure studies that give consistent and/or
    supportive results, and that have demonstrated pathways by
    which ozone can damage the human body when it is breathed.
    Clinical studies have demonstrated decreases in lung function,
    increased frequencies of respiratory symptoms, heightened
    airway hyper-responsiveness, and cellular and biochemical
    evidence of lung inflammation in healthy exercising adults
    exposed to ozone concentrations at the present standard, and at
    exposures as low as 80 parts per billion for 6.6 hours (e.g.,
    Follinsbee et al., 1988, and Devlin et al, 1991).
        Similarly, animal exposures to combustion-related fine
    particles (PM2.5) have also been shown by recent
    controlled exposure studies to have significant adverse effects
    on the lung, including diminished respiratory defense
    mechanisms, opening the lung to illness from other causes. In
    addition, repeated exposures to acidic fine particulate matter,
    a portion of the fine PM2.5 which the EPA now aims
    to focus on in the newly proposed reductions in the PM
    standard, has been shown to affect clearance in the lung in a
    manner similar to that of tobacco smoking, suggesting that
    these fine particles may have analogous long-term exposure
    effects on the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
    Disease.
        The epidemiologic evidence indicating an association
    between PM and increased mortality and morbidity has been well
    documented by numerous investigators in the published
    literature (e.g., see Schwartz, 1997). The fact that these
    effects have both been shown so consistently across outcomes
    and from place to place is supportive of the interpretation of
    these associations as causal, and not due to some unknown
    confounder. Furthermore, controlled human and animal exposures
    of combustion aerosols have shown significant adverse effects
    by these fine particles, which are the class of particles which
    EPA now appropriately aims to regulate.
        While the exact causal mechanism (i.e., the ``smoking
    gun'') of the PM-mortality association is not yet known at this
    time, there are biologically plausible mechanisms that are now
    known which could account for the associations. For example, PM
    stresses on the lung (e.g., by inducing edema), places extra
    burden on the heart, which could induce fatal complications for
    persons with cardiac problems. Recent animal experiments by
    Godleski and coworkers (1996, 1997) at Harvard University
    confirm that exposures to elevated concentrations of ambient PM
    can result in cardiac related death in animals. Thus, the
    situation with PM and mortality is similar to many public
    health risks in the past, such as cholera in London 100 years
    ago, or smoking over the past few decades: the epidemiology
    shows biologically plausible effects, but the exact mechanism
    by which the documented adverse impacts are effected is not yet
    known. This uncertainty about the exact mechanism of effect did
    not stop us from taking societal action against
    epidemiologically documented health threats, such as smoking,
    in the past, and should not be a deterrent to controlling the
    adverse consequences of particulate matter air pollution now.
        Epidemiological evidence has also accumulated over recent
    years indicating a role by O3 in daily human
    mortality, a factor not fully considered by the U.S. EPA in the
    latest O3 Staff Paper or in the EPA's recent
    Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) for ozone. For example,
    Verhoeff, et al. (1996) used Poisson regression analysis to
    analyze associations between daily mortality and air pollution
    concentrations in Amsterdam, The Netherlands during 1986-1992,
    finding a daily mortality RR=1.10 per 100 ppb 1-hr daily
    maximum O3, even after controlling for weather and
    co-pollutants. Anderson et al. (1996) investigated whether
    outdoor air pollution levels in London, England influenced
    daily mortality during 1987-1992, finding a daily mortality
    RR=1.10 per 100 ppb 8-hr O3 (RR=1.08 per 100 ppb 1-
    hr O3), even after controlling for weather and co-
    pollutants. Samet et al. (1997) considered total daily
    mortality and environmental data for Philadelphia during 1973-
    1980, finding that, when pairs of pollutants were considered
    simultaneously, only the ozone coefficient consistently
    remained unchanged and statistically significant, with a total
    mortality RR of 1.02 for a 20 ppb increase in 24-hr daily
    average ozone. Cause of death-specific regressions indicated
    the largest ozone RR for respiratory deaths, consistent with
    biological plausibility. More recently, I have found that daily
    mortality also rises after high ozone days in the U.S. cities
    of New York City, Atlanta, Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis,
    Minneapolis, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Houston, even
    after accounting for other factors such as season and weather,
    and at ozone levels below the current NAAQS standard (Thurston,
    1997). I find that the overall population's risk of death rises
    by about 6 percent on ozone days having a 1-hour maximum of
    ozone that is 100 ppb above the average. The many new studies
    released since the EPA Criteria Document was prepared that
    document associations between ozone air pollution and human
    mortality are listed in the attached Table 1.
        Once the weight of this new evidence of biologically
    plausible associations between acute ozone exposures and
    increased daily human mortality is considered, it is clearer
    than ever that important reductions in public health risks can
    be achieved by going from the old standard (equivalent to about
    a 90 ppb 8-hour standard) down to an 80 ppb 8-hour
    O3 standard, as was promulgated by the EPA.
        In conclusion, I would like to restate the key messages
    contained in the letter that I and 26 other air pollution
    researchers and physicians sent to President Clinton earlier
    this year:

          Please listen to the medical and scientific
    community on this issue.
          Exposures to O3 and PM air pollution
    have been linked to medically significant adverse health
    effects.
          The pre-July 18, 1997 NAAQS for these pollutants
    were not sufficiently protective of public health.

        Thus, the recently promulgated air quality standards for
    both ozone and particulate matter should be retained.
        Thank you for the opportunity to testify on this important
    issue.

    References

        Anderson, H. R., Ponce de Leon, A, Bland, J.M., Bower,
    J.S., and Strachen, D.P. (1996) Air pollution and daily
    mortality in London: 1987-92. British Medical Journal, 312:665-
    669.
        Barton, D.J.; Teets-Grimm, K.; and Kattan, M. (1993)
    Emergency room visit patterns of inner city children for
    asthma. Am. Rev. of Resp. Dis. 147: A577.
        Devlin, R.B.; McDonnell, W.F.; Mann, R.; Becker, S.; House,
    D.E.; Schreinemachers, D., and; Koren, H.S.. (1991) Exposure of
    humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular
    and biochemical changes in the lung. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol.
    Biol. 4: 72-81.
        Follinsbee, L.J.; McDonnell, W.F., and; Horstman, D.H.
    (1988) Pulmonary function and symptom responses after 6.6 hour
    exposure to 0.12 ppm ozone with moderate exercise. JAPCA 38:28-
    35.
        Godleski, J.J.; Sioutas, C.; Katler, M.; Catalano, P.; and
    Koutrakis, P. (1996) Death from inhalation of concentrated
    ambient air particles in animal models of pulmonary disease.
    Proceedings of the Second Colloquium on Particulate Air
    Pollution and Human Health, May 1-3, 1996, Park City, Utah.
        Godleski, J.J., Sioutas, C., Verrier, R.L.; Killingsworth,
    C.R.; Lovett, E.; Murthy, G.G.; Hatch, V.; Wolfson, J.M.;
    Ferguson, T., and Koutrakis, P. (1997) Inhalation exposure of
    canines to concentrated ambient air particles. Am. J. Resp. and
    Crit. Care Med., 155:(4) A246.
        Molfino, N.A.; Wright, S.C.; Katz, I.; Tarlo, S.;
    Silverman, F.; McClean, P.A.; Szalai, J.P.; Raizenne, M.;
    Slutsky, A.S., and; Zamel, N. (1991) Effect of low
    concentrations of ozone on inhaled allergen responses in
    asthmatic subjects. Lancet. 338(8761): 199-203.
        Samet, J.M.; Zeger, S.L.; Kelsall, J.E., Xu, J.; and
    Kalkstein, L.S. (1997) Air pollution, weather, and mortality in
    Philadelphia 1973-1988. Analyses of the Effects of Weather and
    Multiple Air Pollutants. The Phase I.B Report of the Particle
    Epidemiology Evaluation Project. Health Effects Institute,
    Cambridge, MA, March, 1997.
        Schwartz, J. (1997) Health effects of air pollution from
    traffic: ozone and particulate matter. Health at the
    Crossroads: Transport Policy and Urban Health, T. Fletcher and
    A.J. McMichael Eds., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York, NY.
        Thurston, G.D. (1997) Ozone Air Pollution and Human
    Mortality. Paper 97-MP9.04. For presentation at the Air & Waste
    Management Association's 90th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, June
    8-13, 1997, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
        Verhoeff, A.P., Hoek, G.; Schwartz, J.; and Wijnen, J.H.
    (1996) Air pollution and daily mortality in Amsterdam.
    Epidemiology. 7:225-230.
        Table 1. Recent Studies Linking Ozone With Daily Mortality
        Not Considered by the U.S. EPA O3 Criteria
    Document or Staff Paper
        Anderson et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in
    London: 1987-1992. BMJ 312:665-669.
        Bates, D. 1995. Ozone: A Review of Recent Experimental,
    Clinical and Epidemiological Evidence, with Notes on Causation,
    Part 2. Can. Respir. J. 2(3): 161-171.
        Cifuentes, L.A. and L. Lave. 1997. Association of Daily
    Mortality and Air Pollution in Philadelphia, 1983-1988. J. Air
    Waste Manage. Assoc. (In press).
        Hoek et al. 1997. Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter and
    Ozone on Daily Mortality in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Accepted to: Arch. Environ. Health.
        Ito, K. and Thurston, G.D. 1996. Daily PM10/
    Mortality Associations: An Investigation of At-Risk
    Subpopulations. J. Expo. Analysis Environ. Epidemiol. 6(1): 79-
    225.
        Kinney et al. 1995. A Sensitivity Analysis of Mortality/
    PM10 Associations in Los Angeles. Inhal. Toxicol.
    7:59-69.
        Loomis et al. 1996. Ozone Exposure and Daily Mortality in
    Mexico City: A Time-Series Analysis. Health Effects Institute
    Research Report Number 75, October 1996.
        Moolgavkar et al. 1995. Air Pollution and Daily Mortality
    in Philadelphia. Epidemiology 6(5): 476-484.
        Ostro. 1995. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality
    in Two Southern California Counties. Environ. Res. 70: 98-104.
        Ostro et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Mortality: Results
    from a Study of Santiago, Chile. J. Expo. Analysis Environ.
    Epidemiol. 6: 97-114.
        Ozkaynak et al. 1995. Associations Between Daily Mortality,
    Ozone and Particulate Air Pollution in Toronto, Canada. Paper
    Presented at the Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution,
    Irvine, CA, January 24-25.
        Saldiva et al. 1994. Association Between Air Pollution and
    Mortality Due to Respiratory Diseases in Children in Sao Paulo,
    Brazil: A Preliminary Report. Environ. Res. 65: 218-225.
        Saldiva et al. 1995. Air Pollution and Mortality in Elderly
    People: A Time-Series Study in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Arch.
    Environ. Health 50(2): 159-163.
        Samet et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Mortality in
    Philadelphia, 1974-1988. Report to the Health Effects Institute
    on Phase IB: Particle Epidemiology Evaluation Project, March
    25, 1996 (Accepted for publication).
        Samet et al. 1997. Particulate Air Pollution and Daily
    Mortality: Analysis of the Effects of Weather and Multiple Air
    Pollutants. The Phase I.B Report of the Particle Epidemiology
    Evaluation Project. Health Effects Institute, March 1997.
        Sartor, F. et al. 1995. Temperature, Ambient Ozone Levels,
    and Mortality during Summer 1994, in Belgium. Environ. Res. 70:
    105-113.
        Sunyer et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Mortality in
    Barcelona. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 50 (Suppl. 1): S76-
    S80.
        Thurston, G.D. 1997. Ozone Air Pollution and Human
    Mortality. Paper 97-MP9.04. Presented at the Air and Waste
    Management Association's 90th Annual Meeting and Exhibition,
    June 8-13, 1997, Toronto, Canada.
        Touloumi et al. 1997. Short Term Effects of Ambient
    Oxidants Exposure on Mortality: A Combined Analysis Within the
    APHEA Project. Am. J. Epidemiol. (In press).
        Verhoeff, A.P. et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Daily
    Mortality in Amsterdam. Epidemiology 7(3): 225-230.
        Wyzga, R.E. and F.W. Lipfert. 1995. Temperature-Pollution
    Interactions with Daily Mortality in Philadelphia. In:
    Particulate Matter: Health and Regulatory Issues: Proceedings
    of an International Specialty Conference Sponsored by the Air
    and Waste Management Association, April, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 3-
    42.
        Wyzga, R.E. and F.W. Lipfert 1996. Ozone and Daily
    Mortality: The Ramifications of Uncertainties and Interactions
    and Some Initial Regression Results. In: Vostal, J.J., Ed.,
    Tropospheric Ozone: Critical Issues in the Regulatory Process:
    Proceedings of a Specialty Conference Sponsored by the Air and
    Waste Management Association, May, 1994, Orlando, FL, pp. 453-
    487.
        Zmirou et al. 1996. Short Term Effects of Air Pollution on
    Mortality in the City of Lyon, France, 1985-1990. J. Epidemiol.
    Community Health 50(Suppl. 1):S30-S35.
                                  ----------

      Statement of Tom Smith, President, National Coalition of Petroleum
                                   Retailers

        I am Tom Smith, President of NCPR, the chief advocate of
    the interests of America's 45,000 mom and pop gasoline
    retailers, and a Texaco dealer in Griffin, GA, located just
    outside the metro Atlanta non-attainment area, but inside what
    EPA would call an ``area of influence''.
        NCPR strongly supports S. 1084, the Ozone and Particulate
    Matter Research Act. We have always supported environmental
    regulation that has a basis in common sense, and that we can
    explain to our members in a simple and straightforward manner.
    While NCPR supported the change to an 8 hour ozone standard,
    EPA's proposals fail this test.
        S. 1084 is necessary legislation, because the evidence
    shows few if any increased health benefits, while the costs of
    compliance are enormous. A greater return of health benefits
    will occur if our limited resources are spent elsewhere.
        The argument that there is no need for the legislation
    because the compliance deadlines are well off in the future is
    misleading. Without the legislation, compliance schedules will
    be dictated by citizens' suits and sanctions threats, well in
    advance of the deadlines EPA speaks of.
        Under the Clean Air Act, once an area reaches a certain
    level of non-attainment, gasoline retailers are required to
    implement control strategies such as Stage 2 vapor recovery,
    enhanced motor vehicle inspection and maintenance, and sale of
    reformulation gasolines, by reason of the plain language of the
    statute.
        Because the Act mandates control strategies. That can be
    enforced by citizen suits and other threats, which will
    inevitably occur well before the dates EPA is talking about--
    States will be forced to act now if the legislation is not
    passed.
        The threat is so severe that NCPR has had to file suit
    against EPA alleging that the provisions of the Clean Air Act
    that mandate certain control strategies are unconstitutional
    under the 10th Amendment, and a 1997 Supreme Court decision.
        While we believe that the Act's provisions are
    unconstitutional because the legislative and regulatory
    apparatus of the state is commandeered by EPA, as States must
    pass authorizing legislation, propose and enact implementing
    regulations, and then enforce those enactments against the
    private sector, including the mom and pop retailers we
    represent; passage of S. 1084 would alleviate the immediate
    problem, because it allows us time to be sure of what we are
    doing before we turn the States into puppets whose strings can
    be pulled by lawsuits and other threats.
        Thus, even though EPA has promised to be flexible, the
    statute, to the extent it is constitutional, ties their hands.
        Based on our experience with the motor vehicle I/M debate,
    our members have deep seated reservations over EPA's
    ``flexibility'' promise. To quote Georgia State Representative
    Mike Evans testifying under oath before the House Commerce
    Committee in the 104th Congress:

        EPA's assertion that they have been flexible is simply not
        so. We have not seen it in Georgia, nor do I believe that
        the other States have seen it either. The only thing we
        have heard is sanctions, sanctions, sanctions . . . .
        It is abundantly clear, in closing, that people across this
        country do not want and will not accept this consumer
        unfriendly plan. It is also just as clear that without
        public support, any plan is bound to fail. Please help us
        by allowing Georgia to tailor a plan that specifically
        meets the needs of Georgia.\1\
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        \1\ House Hearing No. 104-12 at 307.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
        We also question the flexibility claims in light of EPA's
    position that changing the standard does not implicate SBREFA
    or ``Reg Flex''--the change of the standard automatically
    worsens the non-attainment level of many areas, and forces
    these areas to adopt control; measures that inflict substantial
    costs on a significant number of small businesses as a matter
    of law. EPA has already started playing games with the
    ``Implementation Process,'' forcing small business to have to
    threaten to walk out of a March 18 meeting
        We are also disturbed by what appears to be pandering to a
    given audience, as shown by EPA's claims before the Agriculture
    Committee to the effect that farmers would be minimally
    impacted by the new standards. As one with family in farming,
    and a number of farm based customers', I can tell you they do
    not share EPA's sunny outlook, rather they correctly fear that
    higher fuel prices will squeeze already thin farm margins.
        As a gasoline retailer, I was deeply disturbed by her
    remarks that the standards would mean more use of ethanol;
    blended gasoline, and ``good news for farmers.'' Ethanol blends
    raise the Reid Vapor Pressure of gasoline, and cannot be used
    in many non-attainment areas because they will worsen the ozone
    problem, and EPA's efforts to rewrite the 1990 Amendments by
    mandating ethanol fuel were struck down by the U.S. Court of
    Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. Therefore, we do not understand
    what the basis is for this claim, other than political
    posturing.
        The ethanol subsidy itself distorts, and is destructive to
    competition in the gasoline industry. All it does is allow
    large chain marketers a government mandated competitive
    advantage over small ``mom and pop'' dealers such as myself,
    while draining the treasury, and providing little real relief
    for farmers. We would be better off taking the money and block
    granting it to the states, or finding a way to ensure that the
    benefits went to real farmers, not ethanol producers. NCPR
    would add that any extension of the highway bill that extends
    the ethanol subsidy for another 7 years is to us ``Poison-Tea''
    and would force us to oppose the entire bill, though we support
    CMAQ funding.
        As very small locally owned and operated businesses'
    gasoline dealers limited funds limited resources must be used
    in a way so as to achieve the maximum environmental bang for
    the buck.
        If EPA moves forward with these regulation, our limited
    resources will be forced into spending money on technology such
    as Stage 2 Vapor Recovery, something EPA Administrator Lee
    Thomas called ``a costly technological redundancy that will do
    little to solve the ozone problem''--instead of spending the
    money on underground tank upgrades required by 1998 in order to
    protect groundwater. It does not appear that the left hand of
    EPA knows what the right hand is doing, and that they are
    willing to ``rob Peter to pay Paul''; and that the net result
    will be an environmental detriment, as our members limited
    resources would be diverted from compliance with the 1998
    underground tank regulatory deadline, where they would most
    benefit human health and the environment.
        It is very important that policy makers at all levels of
    government be aware of the fact that thousands of gasoline
    station franchise agreements will be coming up for renewal; and
    franchisers will be required to decide whether or not to make
    the investment in upgrading the facility. In the event the
    franchiser decides that it does not wish to make the
    investment; the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, 15 U.S.C.
    2801, 2802(b)(3)(D), requires that an offer to sell the leased
    marketing premises be made to the franchisee. As a result, many
    stations and their tanks will be sold and replaced in the
    remaining 21 months.
        NCPR expects a significant ``1998 Bubble'' to occur, that
    will stress the resources of states and their existing
    underground tank trust funds. and those of our members. who
    need to be focused on addressing this problem. including moving
    Sen. Allard's legislation. as opposed to preparing to implement
    new air standards, whose benefits are questionable at best.
        Gasoline dealers have long been involved in the debate over
    clean air, primarily because the dealer and his family, as well
    as our employees and their families breath the same air and
    drink the same water as our friends and neighbors do. We
    sponsor the Little League teams, Boy and Girl Scout troops and
    other children's activities, and our children and grandchildren
    take part in these activities as well. We take exception to
    those who would use our children as pawns, or try to paint
    those of us who wish to regulate sensibly as ``anti-child'' in
    order to advance their political agendas and ambitions.
        S. 1084 passes the common sense test; EPA's new standards
    do not.
                                  ----------

                Statement of Associated Builders and Contractors
        Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC) thanks the Senate Clean
    Air, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety Subcommittee of the
    Environment and Public Works Committee for the opportunity to submit a
    statement on the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) regulations on
    ozone and particulate matter in the atmosphere. ABC believes the EPA's
    new federal air quality regulations for ozone smog and fine particles
    could have crippling effects on hundreds of thousands of American
    construction workers and cost consumers and businesses billions of
    dollars, with little or no health benefit.
        ABC is a national trade association representing over 19,000
    contractors, subcontractors, material suppliers, and related firms from
    across the country and from all specialties in the construction
    industry. ABC's diverse membership is bound by a shared commitment to
    the merit shop philosophy of awarding construction contracts to the
    lowest responsible bidder through open and competitive bidding. This
    practice assures taxpayers and consumers the most value for their
    construction dollar. With 80 percent of the construction performed
    today by open shop contractors, ABC is proud to be their voice.
        ABC strongly supports S. 1084, which would retain EPA's existing
    air quality regulations for ozone and small particles until research
    can be conducted to determine if the agency's more stringent new rules
    would benefit public health. EPA could reissue the new standards if the
    research showed they were necessary. The legislation would ensure that
    the scientific facts are well established before the nation makes a
    huge investment in new emission control programs that could, according
    to the Reason Public Policy Institute, cost as much as $150 billion
    annually. The nation would pay this bill in higher business and
    consumer costs, lost jobs, less economic development, and inconvenient
    lifestyle changes.
        After careful review of the technical and health information and
    analyses in the Criteria Document and the Staff Paper prepared by EPA
    for this rulemaking, the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee
    (CASAC), the agency's expert review panel established by the Clean Air
    Act and appointed by the Administrator, concluded there were
    significant uncertainties and unanswered questions that had to be
    addressed before EPA proceeds with the Particulate Matter (PM)
    rulemaking. Additionally, the same panel concluded there was no health
    basis to establish new National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
    for ozone. ABC concurs with CASAC's opinion and strongly advises EPA to
    reaffirm the current standards for PM and ozone while initiating a
    targeted research program to resolve the questions and uncertainties
    identified during the just-completed review process.
        The proposed tightening of the ozone and PM NAAQS, in conjunction
    with the highway funding sanction authorities and Metropolitan Planning
    Organizations (MPOs) approval requirements of the Clean Air Act
    Amendments (CAAA) and 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency
    Act (ISTEA), pose enormous restrictions to the transportation
    construction industry throughout the United States. The combination of
    these new regulatory requirements endangers tens of thousands of jobs
    and creates major new constraints to mobility.
        Additionally, ABC is concerned that the EPA has not adequately
    taken into account the affect these costly new requirements will
    undoubtedly have on the American worker and average motorists. If the
    EPA succeeds in changing the standard such limitations as mandatory
    employee carpooling, centralized state-run emissions inspections, and
    the use of more expensive reformulated gasoline are only a few of the
    policies that will adversely affect small business. Other transit
    initiatives could be higher vehicle taxes and higher tolls in peak
    driving times.
        Non-vehicle remedies could place restrictions on the use of power
    tools, lawn mowers, and snow blowers as well as other equipment. ABC
    shares with all Americans an interest in efforts to preserve, protect
    and enhance the natural environment. Pollution prevention is in our
    nation's interest; however, efforts to reduce emissions must be
    balanced with considerations for the safety of those operating the
    equipment, as well as the cost and technological feasibility of
    achieving any prescribed reductions. Many construction industry workers
    rely upon non-road engines in their daily efforts to safely build
    construction projects on time and on budget. The performance and
    reliability of these engines directly impact a contractor's ability to
    successfully execute their contracted responsibilities on the
    construction job site.
        The EPA initially claimed the new PM/ozone standard would extend
    the lives of as many as 20,000 people a year (recently revised down to
    15,000 people). Clearly, the extent of this health risk is of concern.
    However, exactly which components in urban air are causing the health
    problems is not yet well understood. The EPA's preference for
    regulating every fine particle in the air before understanding the real
    causes and quantifiable health benefits is not a prudent strategy. ABC
    is concerned that:

        1) The EPA has failed to properly characterize PM concentrations
        across the United States. Key technical analyses have not been
        completed. For example, the EPA has not determined the chemical
        composition or size of the particulate matter that is linked to the
        supposed increases in mortality and morbidity. The EPA has also
        failed to identify the biological mechanism that would explain the
        link between PM2.5 and increases in mortality. The use
        of a nationwide PM2.5/PM10 ratio to estimate
        PM2.5 concentrations is insupportable from the limited
        PM2.5 data available.
        2) The EPA has failed to accurately analyze the impact of the new
        standard. The EPA has stated its refusal to conduct a small
        business analysis for these rules. The Regulatory Impact Analyses
        (RIAs) are incomplete; no analysis was conducted on the proposed
        secondary ozone standard, no analysis was conducted on impacts to
        small businesses, the Unfunded Mandates Act was not addressed, and
        the analyses do not estimate the full cost of attaining the
        proposed standards throughout the country (there are ``residual
        nonattainment areas''). The RIA for ozone rulemaking does not use
        the proposed standards in the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking as the
        basis for its costs and benefits projections.
        3) The EPA has used questionable health impact studies to justify
        their actions. There is virtually no PM2.5 exposure data
        on either the general population or on susceptible populations. The
        use of community-based epidemiological studies is not appropriate
        because individual personal exposures do not correspond to these
        community-based studies.

        Due to the predominance of small businesses within the construction
    industry, ABC remains concerned that compliance with the Clean Air Act
    Amendments could have significant adverse affect. We continue to
    encourage the Congress to give serious consideration to the impact
    these new requirements would have on small businesses.
        Associated Builders and Contractors strongly urges that there be no
    change in the ozone or particulate matter standards at this time until
    more comprehensive scientific studies can be performed. Again, ABC
    appreciates the opportunity to submit this statement for the record.