[Title 50 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - October 1, 2023 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



[[Page i]]

          


          Title 50

Wildlife and Fisheries


________________________

Parts 1 to 16

                         Revised as of October 1, 2023

          Containing a codification of documents of general 
          applicability and future effect

          As of October 1, 2023
                    Published by the Office of the Federal Register 
                    National Archives and Records Administration as a 
                    Special Edition of the Federal Register

[[Page ii]]

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[[Page iii]]




                            Table of Contents



                                                                    Page
  Explanation.................................................       v

  Title 50:
          Chapter I--United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
          Department of the Interior                                 3
  Finding Aids:
      Table of CFR Titles and Chapters........................     141
      Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR......     161
      List of CFR Sections Affected...........................     171

[[Page iv]]





                     ----------------------------

                     Cite this Code: CFR
                     To cite the regulations in 
                       this volume use title, 
                       part and section number. 
                       Thus, 50 CFR 1.1 refers to 
                       title 50, part 1, section 
                       1.

                     ----------------------------

[[Page v]]



                               EXPLANATION

    The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and 
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive 
departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided 
into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal 
regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the 
name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into 
parts covering specific regulatory areas.
    Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year 
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:

Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1

    The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each 
volume.

LEGAL STATUS

    The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially 
noticed (44 U.S.C. 1507). The Code of Federal Regulations is prima facie 
evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).

HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

    The Code of Federal Regulations is kept up to date by the individual 
issues of the Federal Register. These two publications must be used 
together to determine the latest version of any given rule.
    To determine whether a Code volume has been amended since its 
revision date (in this case, October 1, 2023), consult the ``List of CFR 
Sections Affected (LSA),'' which is issued monthly, and the ``Cumulative 
List of Parts Affected,'' which appears in the Reader Aids section of 
the daily Federal Register. These two lists will identify the Federal 
Register page number of the latest amendment of any given rule.

EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES

    Each volume of the Code contains amendments published in the Federal 
Register since the last revision of that volume of the Code. Source 
citations for the regulations are referred to by volume number and page 
number of the Federal Register and date of publication. Publication 
dates and effective dates are usually not the same and care must be 
exercised by the user in determining the actual effective date. In 
instances where the effective date is beyond the cut-off date for the 
Code a note has been inserted to reflect the future effective date. In 
those instances where a regulation published in the Federal Register 
states a date certain for expiration, an appropriate note will be 
inserted following the text.

OMB CONTROL NUMBERS

    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires 
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information 
collection request.

[[Page vi]]

Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as 
amendments to existing regulations in the CFR. These OMB numbers are 
placed as close as possible to the applicable recordkeeping or reporting 
requirements.

PAST PROVISIONS OF THE CODE

    Provisions of the Code that are no longer in force and effect as of 
the revision date stated on the cover of each volume are not carried. 
Code users may find the text of provisions in effect on any given date 
in the past by using the appropriate List of CFR Sections Affected 
(LSA). For the convenience of the reader, a ``List of CFR Sections 
Affected'' is published at the end of each CFR volume. For changes to 
the Code prior to the LSA listings at the end of the volume, consult 
previous annual editions of the LSA. For changes to the Code prior to 
2001, consult the List of CFR Sections Affected compilations, published 
for 1949-1963, 1964-1972, 1973-1985, and 1986-2000.

``[RESERVED]'' TERMINOLOGY

    The term ``[Reserved]'' is used as a place holder within the Code of 
Federal Regulations. An agency may add regulatory information at a 
``[Reserved]'' location at any time. Occasionally ``[Reserved]'' is used 
editorially to indicate that a portion of the CFR was left vacant and 
not dropped in error.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

    What is incorporation by reference? Incorporation by reference was 
established by statute and allows Federal agencies to meet the 
requirement to publish regulations in the Federal Register by referring 
to materials already published elsewhere. For an incorporation to be 
valid, the Director of the Federal Register must approve it. The legal 
effect of incorporation by reference is that the material is treated as 
if it were published in full in the Federal Register (5 U.S.C. 552(a)). 
This material, like any other properly issued regulation, has the force 
of law.
    What is a proper incorporation by reference? The Director of the 
Federal Register will approve an incorporation by reference only when 
the requirements of 1 CFR part 51 are met. Some of the elements on which 
approval is based are:
    (a) The incorporation will substantially reduce the volume of 
material published in the Federal Register.
    (b) The matter incorporated is in fact available to the extent 
necessary to afford fairness and uniformity in the administrative 
process.
    (c) The incorporating document is drafted and submitted for 
publication in accordance with 1 CFR part 51.
    What if the material incorporated by reference cannot be found? If 
you have any problem locating or obtaining a copy of material listed as 
an approved incorporation by reference, please contact the agency that 
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or call 202-741-6010.

CFR INDEXES AND TABULAR GUIDES

    A subject index to the Code of Federal Regulations is contained in a 
separate volume, revised annually as of January 1, entitled CFR Index 
and Finding Aids. This volume contains the Parallel Table of Authorities 
and Rules. A list of CFR titles, chapters, subchapters, and parts and an 
alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are also included in 
this volume.
    An index to the text of ``Title 3--The President'' is carried within 
that volume.

[[Page vii]]

    The Federal Register Index is issued monthly in cumulative form. 
This index is based on a consolidation of the ``Contents'' entries in 
the daily Federal Register.
    A List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA) is published monthly, keyed to 
the revision dates of the 50 CFR titles.

REPUBLICATION OF MATERIAL

    There are no restrictions on the republication of material appearing 
in the Code of Federal Regulations.

INQUIRIES

    For a legal interpretation or explanation of any regulation in this 
volume, contact the issuing agency. The issuing agency's name appears at 
the top of odd-numbered pages.
    For inquiries concerning CFR reference assistance, call 202-741-6000 
or write to the Director, Office of the Federal Register, National 
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Connect to NARA's website at www.archives.gov/federal-register.
    The eCFR is a regularly updated, unofficial editorial compilation of 
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the Federal Register and the Government Publishing Office. It is 
available at www.ecfr.gov.

    Oliver A. Potts,
    Director,
    Office of the Federal Register
    October 1, 2023







[[Page ix]]



                               THIS TITLE

    Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries is composed of thirteen volumes. 
The parts in these volumes are arranged in the following order: Parts 1-
16; part 17 (17.1 to 17.95(a)), part 17 (17.95(b)), part 17 (17.95(c) to 
(e)), part 17 (17.95(f) to end of 17.95), part 17 (17.96 to 17.98), part 
17 (17.99(a) to (h)), part 17 (17.99(i) to end of part 17), parts 18-
199, parts 200-227, parts 228-599, parts 600-659, and part 660 to end. 
The first nine volumes consist of parts 1-16, part 17 (17.1 to 
17.95(a)), part 17 (17.95(b)), part 17 (17.95(c) to (e)), part 17 
(17.95(f) to end of 17.95), part 17 (17.96 to 17.98), part 17 (17.99(a) 
to 17.99(h)), part 17 (17.99(i) to end of part 17), and parts 18-199 and 
contain the current regulations issued under chapter I--United States 
Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior. The tenth volume 
(parts 200-227) contains the current regulations issued under chapter 
II--National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, Department of Commerce. The eleventh volume (parts 228-
599) contains the remaining current regulations issued under chapter 
II--National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, Department of Commerce; and the current regulations 
issued under chapter III--International Fishing and Related Activities; 
chapter IV--Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
Department of the Interior and National Marine Fisheries Service, 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
Commerce); Endangered Species Committee regulations; and chapter V--
Marine Mammal Commission. The twelfth and thirteenth volumes (parts 600-
659 and part 660 to end) contain the current regulations issued under 
chapter VI--Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce. The contents of 
these volumes represent all current regulations codified under this 
title of the CFR as of October 1, 2023.

    Alphabetical listings of endangered and threatened wildlife and 
plants appear in Sec. Sec.  17.11 and 17.12.

    The OMB control numbers for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration appear in 15 CFR 902.1.

    For this volume, Cheryl E. Sirofchuck was Chief Editor. The Code of 
Federal Regulations publication program is under the direction of John 
Hyrum Martinez, assisted by Stephen J. Frattini.

[[Page 1]]



                    TITLE 50--WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES




                   (This book contains parts 1 to 16)

  --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Part

chapter i--United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
  Department of the Interior................................           1

[[Page 3]]



 CHAPTER I--UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE 
                                INTERIOR




  --------------------------------------------------------------------

                    SUBCHAPTER A--GENERAL PROVISIONS
Part                                                                Page
1               Definitions.................................           5
2               Agency organization and locations...........           5
3               Nondiscrimination--contracts, permits, and 
                    use of facilities.......................           7
   SUBCHAPTER B--TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, 
       BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS
10              General provisions..........................           8
11              Civil procedures............................          49
12              Seizure and forfeiture procedures...........          54
13              General permit procedures...................          68
14              Importation, exportation, and transportation 
                    of wildlife.............................          81
15              Wild Bird Conservation Act..................         113
16              Injurious wildlife..........................         125

[[Page 5]]



                     SUBCHAPTER A_GENERAL PROVISIONS





PART 1_DEFINITIONS--Table of Contents



Sec.
1.1 Meaning of terms.
1.2 Authorized representative.
1.3 Service.
1.4 Director.
1.5 Officer in Charge.
1.6 Person.
1.7 Regional director.
1.8 Secretary.

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301.

    Source: 31 FR 16002, Dec. 15, 1966, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  1.1  Meaning of terms.

    As used in this chapter, unless separately defined, terms shall have 
the meaning ascribed in this part.



Sec.  1.2  Authorized representative.

    Authorized representative means the subordinate official to which a 
principal official has delegated authority to act on a particular matter 
or a class of matters. The Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is 
frequently the authorized representative of the Secretary of the 
Interior, as also may be a regional director or an officer in charge of 
a Service field installation.



Sec.  1.3  Service.

    Service means the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
Department of the Interior.



Sec.  1.4  Director.

    Director means the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the 
authorized representative of such official.

[48 FR 44833, Sept. 30, 1983]



Sec.  1.5  Officer in Charge.

    Officer in Charge means any person in charge of a national fish 
hatchery, national wildlife refuge, research center, or other U.S. Fish 
and Wildlife Service installation, or the authorized representative of 
such official.

[48 FR 44833, Sept. 30, 1983]



Sec.  1.6  Person.

    Person means an individual, club, association, partnership, 
corporation, or private or public body, any one or all, as the context 
requires.



Sec.  1.7  Regional director.

    Regional director means the official in charge of a region of the 
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the authorized representative of such 
official.

[48 FR 44833, Sept. 30, 1983]



Sec.  1.8  Secretary.

    Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or the authorized 
representative of such official.

[48 FR 44833, Sept. 30, 1983]



PART 2_AGENCY ORGANIZATION AND LOCATIONS--Table of Contents



Sec.
2.1 Headquarters.
2.2 Regional offices.

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301.



Sec.  2.1  Headquarters.

    The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is composed of a main office in 
the Washington, DC, area, referred to as ``Headquarters''; eight 
regional offices, which are described in Sec.  2.2; and a variety of 
field installations, a nationwide network of law enforcement agents, and 
a number of field study teams for biological and ecological activities. 
Headquarters includes the Office of the Director, as well as program 
areas headed by Assistant Directors.
    (a) The address for the Office of the Director is: Office of the 
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Main Interior, 1849 C Street 
NW., Room 3331, Washington, DC 20240-0001.
    (b) The address of Headquarters program areas is: U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service Headquarters, MS: [Insert appropriate Mail Stop from 
table], 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803.

[[Page 6]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Headquarters program                      Mail stop
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business Management and Operations.............  MS: BMO.
Budget, Planning and Human Capital, including:
     Service's Information     MS: BPHC.
     Collection Clearance Officer.
External Affairs...............................  MS: EA.
Ecological Services, Including:
     Division of               MS: ES.
     Environmental Review.
Fish and Aquatic Conservation, including:
     Division of Fish and      MS: FAC.
     Aquatic Conservation Programs.
International Affairs, including:
     Division of Management    MS: IA.
     Authority.
     Division of Scientific
     Authority.
Information Resource and Technology Management.  MS: IRTM.
Migratory Birds, including:
     Division of Migratory     MS: MB.
     Bird Management.
     Division of Bird Habitat
     Conservation.
National Wildlife Refuge System................  MS: NWRS.
Office of Diversity and Inclusive Workforce      MS: ODIWM.
 Management.
Office of Law Enforcement......................  MS: OLE.
Science Applications...........................  MS: SA.
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration............  MS: WSFR.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[79 FR 43963, July 29, 2014]



Sec.  2.2  Regional offices.

    The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has eight regional offices that 
are responsible for implementing national policies. Each Regional 
Director has jurisdiction over Service activities performed by field 
installations in the State(s) encompassed by the region. Field 
installations include ecological services stations, endangered species 
stations, fishery assistance offices, national fish hatcheries, national 
wildlife refuges, research laboratories, and wildlife assistance 
offices. Unless otherwise stated for a particular matter in the 
regulations, all persons may secure from the regional offices 
information or make submittals or requests, as well as obtain forms and 
instructions as to the scope and contents of papers or reports required 
of the public. The geographic jurisdictions and addresses of the U.S. 
Fish and Wildlife regional offices are as follows:
    (a) Pacific Regional Office (Region 1--comprising the States of 
Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington; the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands; and American Samoa, Guam, and other Pacific 
possessions), Eastside Federal Complex, 911 NE. 11th Avenue, Portland, 
Oregon 97232.
    (b) Southwest Regional Office (Region 2--comprising the States of 
Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas), 500 Gold Avenue SW., Room 
9018 (P.O. Box 1306), Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102.
    (c) Midwest Regional Office (Region 3--comprising the States of 
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and 
Wisconsin), 5600 American Boulevard West, Suite 990, Bloomington, 
Minnesota 55437.
    (d) Southeast Regional Office (Region 4--comprising the States of 
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico; and the Virgin Islands and Caribbean possessions), 1875 
Century Boulevard, Suite 400, Atlanta, Georgia 30345.
    (e) Northeast Regional Office (Region 5--comprising the States of 
Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 
New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and 
West Virginia; and the District of Columbia), 300 Westgate Center Drive, 
Hadley, Massachusetts 01035.
    (f) Mountain-Prairie Regional Office (Region 6--comprising the 
States of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South 
Dakota, Utah and Wyoming), 134 Union Boulevard (P.O. Box 25486), 
Lakewood, Colorado 80228.
    (g) Alaska Regional Office (Region 7--comprising the State of 
Alaska), 1011 E. Tudor Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99503.
    (h) Pacific Southwest Regional Office (Region 8--comprising the 
States of California and Nevada), 2800 Cottage

[[Page 7]]

Way, Room W-2606, Sacramento, California 95825.

[78 FR 35151, June 12, 2013, as amended at 79 FR 43963, July 29, 2014]



PART 3_NONDISCRIMINATION_CONTRACTS, PERMITS, AND USE OF FACILITIES-
-Table of Contents



Sec.
3.1 Discrimination prohibited.
3.2 Federal financial assistance.
3.3 Discrimination by contractors and permittees prohibited.

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301. Interpret or apply sec. 602, 78 Stat. 252; 
42 U.S.C. 2000d-1; E.O. 10925, E.O. 11114.

    Source: 31 FR 16002, Dec. 15, 1966, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  3.1  Discrimination prohibited.

    No person shall, on the ground of race, color, creed, or national 
origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or 
be otherwise subjected to any form of discrimination or segregation 
under any program or activity, or in the use of any facility or 
accommodation of the Service.



Sec.  3.2  Federal financial assistance.

    The provisions of 43 CFR part 17, which implements title VI of the 
Civil Rights Act of 1964, are applicable to any program or activity for 
which Federal financial assistance is provided under any law 
administered by the Service, including the programs and activities that 
are federally assisted under the laws listed in Appendix A of 43 CFR 
part 17.



Sec.  3.3  Discrimination by contractors and permittees prohibited.

    The provisions of part III of Executive Order 10925 (3 CFR, 1959-
1963 Comp. p. 448) and the provisions of Executive Order 11114 (3 CFR, 
1959-1963 Comp. p. 774), as they may be amended, and the regulations of 
the President's Council on Equal Opportunity, the President's Committee 
on Equal Employment Opportunity, contained in 41 CFR part 60, and the 
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission are applicable to all 
agreements, or modifications thereof, between the Service and any person 
for supplies, services or facilities, or for the use of any Government 
property, services or facilities.
    (a) Any person who provides public accommodations, facilities, 
services, or privileges upon any land under the control or 
administration of the Service through a permit, contract, concession 
contract, or other form of agreement with the Service is prohibited from 
discriminating by segregation or otherwise against any person because of 
race, color, creed, or national origin in the furnishing or refusing to 
furnish such person any accommodation, facility, service, or privilege 
which is offered to or enjoyed by the general public, and will agree to 
abide by the prohibitions against discrimination contained in the 
permit, contract, or agreement.
    (b) Any person who uses, occupies, or possesses any land under the 
administration or control of the Service through a permit, contract, 
concession contract, or other form of agreement with the Bureau is 
prohibited, in conjunction with the acts or activities authorized or 
permitted by such permit, contract, or agreement, from discriminating 
against any employee or applicant for employment or maintaining any 
employment practice which discriminates in any manner because of race, 
color, creed, or national origin, and will agree to abide by the 
prohibitions against discrimination contained in the permit, contract, 
or agreement.

[[Page 8]]



SUBCHAPTER B_TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, 
           EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS





PART 10_GENERAL PROVISIONS--Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
10.1 Purpose of regulations.
10.2 Scope of regulations.
10.3 Other applicable laws.
10.4 When regulations apply.

                          Subpart B_Definitions

10.11 Scope of definitions.
10.12 Definitions.
10.13 List of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

                           Subpart C_Addresses

10.21 Director.
10.22 Law enforcement offices.

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668a-d, 703-712, 742a-j-l, 1361-1384, 1401-
1407, 1531-1543, 3371-3378; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 1202.

    Source: 38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  10.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations of this Subchapter B are promulgated to implement 
the following statutes enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 
which regulate the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, 
barter, exportation, and importation of wildlife:

Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 42.
Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371-3378.
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 16 U.S.C. 703-712.
Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668a-668d.
Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. 1531-1543.
Tariff Classification Act of 1962, 19 U.S.C. 1202, [Schedule 1, Part 
15D, Headnote 2(d), T.S.U.S.].
Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, 16 U.S.C. 742a-742j-l.
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16 U.S.C. 1361-1384, 1401-1407.

[38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 53 FR 6649, Mar. 2, 1988]



Sec.  10.2  Scope of regulations.

    The various parts of this subchapter B are interrelated, and 
particular note should be taken that the parts must be construed with 
reference to each other.



Sec.  10.3  Other applicable laws.

    No statute or regulation of any State shall be construed to relieve 
a person from the restrictions, conditions, and requirements contained 
in this subchapter B. In addition, nothing in this subchapter B, nor any 
permit issued under this subchapter B, shall be construed to relieve a 
person from any other requirements imposed by a statute or regulation of 
any State or of the United States, including any applicable health, 
quarantine, agricultural, or customs laws or regulations, or other 
Service enforced statutes or regulations.



Sec.  10.4  When regulations apply.

    The regulations of this subchapter B shall apply to all matters 
arising after the effective date of such regulations, with the following 
exceptions:
    (a) Civil penalty proceedings. Except as otherwise provided in Sec.  
11.25, the civil penalty assessment procedures contained in this 
subchapter B shall apply only to any proceeding instituted by notice of 
violation dated subsequent to the effective date of these regulations, 
regardless of when the act or omission which is the basis of a civil 
penalty proceeding occurred.
    (b) Permits. The regulations in this subchapter B shall apply to any 
permit application received after the effective date of the appropriate 
regulations in this subchapter B and, insofar as appropriate, to any 
permit which is renewed after such effective date.

[38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 39 FR 1159, Jan. 4, 1974]

[[Page 9]]



                          Subpart B_Definitions



Sec.  10.11  Scope of definitions.

    In addition and subject to definitions contained in applicable 
statutes and subsequent parts or sections of this subchapter B, words or 
their variants shall have the meanings ascribed in this subpart. 
Throughout this subchapter B words in the singular form shall include 
the plural, words in the plural form shall include the singular, and 
words in the masculine form shall include the feminine.



Sec.  10.12  Definitions.

    Aircraft means any contrivance used for flight in the air.
    Amphibians means a member of the class, Amphibia, including, but not 
limited to, frogs, toads, and salamanders; including any part, product, 
egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding 
fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a 
processed food product.
    Animal means an organism of the animal kingdom, as distinguished 
from the plant kingdom; including any part, product, egg, or offspring 
thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether 
or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed food 
product.
    Birds means a member of the class, Aves; including any part, 
product, egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof 
(excluding fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product 
or in a processed food product.
    Country of exportation means the last country from which the animal 
was exported before importation into the United States.
    Country of origin means the country where the animal was taken from 
the wild, or the country of natal origin of the animal.
    Crustacean means a member of the class, Crustacea, including but not 
limited to, crayfish, lobsters, shrimps, crabs, barnacles, and some 
terrestrial forms; including any part, product, egg, or offspring 
thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether 
or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed food 
product.
    Director means the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife 
Service, Department of the Interior, or his authorized representative.
    Endangered wildlife means any wildlife listed in Sec.  17.11 or 
Sec.  17.12 of this subchapter.
    Fish means a member of any of the following classes:
    (1) Cyclostomata, including, but not limited to, hagfishes and 
lampreys;
    (2) Elasmobranchii, including but not limited to, sharks, skates, 
and rays; and
    (3) Pisces, including but not limited to trout, perch, bass, 
minnows, and catfish; including any part, product, egg, or offspring 
thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether 
or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed food 
product.
    Fish or wildlife means any wild animal, whether alive or dead, 
including without limitation any wild mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, 
fish, mollusk, crustacean, arthropod, coelenterate, or other 
invertebrate, whether or not bred, hatched, or born in captivity, and 
including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof.
    Foreign commerce includes, among other things, any transaction (1) 
between persons within one foreign country, or (2) between persons in 
two or more foreign countries, or (3) between a person within the United 
States and a person in one or more foreign countries, or (4) between 
persons within the United States, where the fish or wildlife in question 
are moving in any country or countries outside the United States.
    Fossil means the remains of an animal of past geological ages which 
has been preserved in the earth's crust through mineralization of the 
object.
    Import means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt 
to land on, bring into, or introduce into any place subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, 
bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning 
of the tariff laws of the United States.

[[Page 10]]

    Injurious Wildlife means any wildlife for which a permit is required 
under subpart B of part 16 of this subchapter before being imported into 
or shipped between the continental United States, the District of 
Columbia, Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any possession of 
the United States.
    Mammal means a member of the class, Mammalia; including any part, 
product, egg, or offspring, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding 
fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a 
processed food product.
    Migratory bird means any bird, whatever its origin and whether or 
not raised in captivity, which belongs to a species listed in Sec.  
10.13, or which is a mutation or a hybrid of any such species, including 
any part, nest, or egg of any such bird, or any product, whether or not 
manufactured, which consists, or is composed in whole or part, of any 
such bird or any part, nest, or egg thereof.
    Migratory game birds: See Sec.  20.11 of this subchapter.
    Mollusk means a member of the phylum, Mollusca, including but not 
limited to, snails, mussels, clams, oysters, scallops, abalone, squid, 
and octopuses; including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof, 
or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether or not 
included in a manufactured product or in a processed food product.
    Permit means any document designated as a ``permit,'' ``license,'' 
``certificate,'' or any other document issued by the Service to 
authorize, limit, or describe activity and signed by an authorized 
official of the Service.
    Person means any individual, firm, corporation, association, 
partnership, club, or private body, any one or all, as the context 
requires.
    Plant means any member of the plant kingdom, including seeds, roots 
and other parts thereof.
    Possession means the detention and control, or the manual or ideal 
custody of anything which may be the subject of property, for one's use 
and enjoyment, either as owner or as the proprietor of a qualified right 
in it, and either held personally or by another who exercises it in 
one's place and name. Possession includes the act or state of possessing 
and that condition of facts under which one can exercise his power over 
a corporeal thing at his pleasure to the exclusion of all other persons. 
Possession includes constructive possession which means not actual but 
assumed to exist, where one claims to hold by virtue of some title, 
without having actual custody.
    Public as used in referring to museums, zoological parks, and 
scientific or educational institutions, refers to such as are open to 
the general public and are either established, maintained, and operated 
as a governmental service or are privately endowed and organized but not 
operated for profit.
    Reptile means a member of the class, Reptilia, including but not 
limited to, turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators; 
including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead body 
or parts thereof, whether or not included in a manufactured product or 
in a processed food product.
    Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or his authorized 
representative.
    Service means the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
Department of the Interior.
    Shellfish means an aquatic invertebrate animal having a shell, 
including, but not limited to, (a) an oyster, clam, or other mollusk; 
and (b) a lobster or other crustacean; or any part, product, egg, or 
offspring thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding 
fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a 
processed food product.
    State means any State of the United States, the District of 
Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin 
Islands, and Guam.
    Take means to pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or 
collect, or attempt to pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, 
or collect. (With reference to marine mammals, see Part 18 of this 
subchapter.)
    Transportation means to ship, convey, carry or transport by any 
means whatever, and deliver or receive for such shipment, conveyance, 
carriage, or transportation.
    United States means the several States of the United States of 
America,

[[Page 11]]

District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, U.S. 
Virgin Islands, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 
Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman 
Reef, Midway Atoll, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Atoll, and 
any other territory or possession under the jurisdiction of the United 
States.
    Whoever means the same as person.
    Wildlife means the same as fish or wildlife.

[38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977; 
42 FR 59358, Nov. 16, 1977; 45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 50 FR 52889, 
Dec. 26, 1985; 72 FR 48445, Aug. 23, 2007]



Sec.  10.13  List of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

    (a) Legal authority for this list. The legal authorities for this 
list are the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA; 16 U.S.C. 703-712), the 
Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 742l), and the Fish 
and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a-742j). The MBTA implements 
Conventions between the United States and four neighboring countries for 
the protection of migratory birds, as follows:
    (1) Canada: Convention between the United States and Great Britain 
[on behalf of Canada] for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 
1916, 39 Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended;
    (2) Mexico: Convention between the United States and Mexico for the 
Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 
Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended;
    (3) Japan: Convention between the Government of the United States of 
America and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory 
Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4, 
1972, 25 U.S.T. 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and
    (4) Russia: Convention between the United States of America and the 
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning the Conservation of 
Migratory Birds and Their Environment, November 19, 1976, 20 U.S.T. 4647 
(T.I.A.S. No. 9073).
    (b) Purpose of this list. The purpose is to inform the public of the 
species protected by regulations that enforce the terms of the MBTA. 
These regulations, found in parts 10, 20, and 21 of this chapter, cover 
most aspects of the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, 
barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds.
    (c) What species are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act? 
Species protected as migratory birds are listed in two formats to suit 
the varying needs of the user: Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of 
this section and taxonomically in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. 
Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow the 7th edition of the 
American Ornithologists' Union's (AOU, now recognized as American 
Ornithological Society (AOS)) Checklist of North American birds (1998, 
as amended through 2021). For species not treated by the AOS Checklist, 
we generally follow Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements 
et al. 2007, as updated through 2021).
    (1) Alphabetical listing. The table lists species alphabetically by 
common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species 
following the common name.

 Table 1 to Paragraph (c)(1)--Alphabetical Listing of Birds Protected by
                      the Migratory Bird Treaty Act
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Species scientific
      Common name group        Species common name          name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accentor....................  Siberian Accentor...  Prunella montanella.
'Akeke'e....................  'Akeke'e............  Loxops
                                                     caeruleirostris.
'Akepa......................  Hawaii 'Akepa.......  Loxops coccineus.
                              Maui 'Akepa.........  Loxops ochraceus.
                              O'ahu 'Akepa........  Loxops
                                                     wolstenholmei.
'Akialoa....................  Kauai 'Akialoa......  Akialoa stejnegeri.
                              Maui Nui 'Akialoa...  Akialoa lanaiensis.
                              O'ahu 'Akialoa......  Akialoa ellisiana.
'Akiapola'au................  'Akiapola'au........  Hemignathus wilsoni.
'Akikiki....................  'Akikiki............  Oreomystis bairdi.
'Akohekohe..................  'Akohekohe..........  Palmeria dolei.
'Alauahio...................  Maui 'Alauahio......  Paroreomyza montana.
                              O'ahu 'Alauahio.....  Paroreomyza
                                                     maculata.
Albatross...................  Black-browed          Thalassarche
                               Albatross.            melanophris.

[[Page 12]]

 
                              Black-footed          Phoebastria
                               Albatross.            nigripes.
                              Chatham Albatross...  Thalassarche
                                                     eremita.
                              Laysan Albatross....  Phoebastria
                                                     immutabilis.
                              Light-mantled         Phoebetria
                               Albatross.            palpebrata.
                              Salvin's Albatross..  Thalassarche
                                                     salvini.
                              Short-tailed          Phoebastria
                               Albatross.            albatrus.
                              Wandering Albatross.  Diomedea exulans.
                              White-capped          Thalassarche cauta.
                               Albatross.
                              Yellow-nosed          Thalassarche
                               Albatross.            chlororhynchos.
'Amakihi....................  Hawaii 'Amakihi.....  Chlorodrepanis
                                                     virens.
                              Kaua'i 'Amakihi.....  Chlorodrepanis
                                                     stejnegeri.
                              O'ahu 'Amakihi......  Chlorodrepanis
                                                     flava.
Anhinga.....................  Anhinga.............  Anhinga anhinga.
Ani.........................  Groove-billed Ani...  Crotophaga
                                                     sulcirostris.
                              Smooth-billed Ani...  Crotophaga ani.
'Anianiau...................  'Anianiau...........  Magumma parva.
'Apapane....................  'Apapane............  Himatione sanguinea.
Auklet......................  Cassin's Auklet.....  Ptychoramphus
                                                     aleuticus.
                              Crested Auklet......  Aethia cristatella.
                              Least Auklet........  Aethia pusilla.
                              Parakeet Auklet.....  Aethia psittacula.
                              Rhinoceros Auklet...  Cerorhinca
                                                     monocerata.
                              Whiskered Auklet....  Aethia pygmaea.
Avocet......................  American Avocet.....  Recurvirostra
                                                     americana.
Bananaquit..................  Bananaquit..........  Coereba flaveola.
Bean-Goose..................  Taiga Bean-Goose....  Anser fabalis.
                              Tundra Bean-Goose...  Anser serrirostris.
Beardless-Tyrannulet........  Northern Beardless-   Camptostoma imberbe.
                               Tyrannulet.
Becard......................  Gray-collared Becard  Pachyramphus major.
                              Rose-throated Becard  Pachyramphus
                                                     aglaiae.
Bittern.....................  American Bittern....  Botaurus
                                                     lentiginosus.
                              Black Bittern.......  Ixobrychus
                                                     flavicollis.
                              Least Bittern.......  Ixobrychus exilis.
                              Schrenck's Bittern..  Ixobrychus
                                                     eurhythmus.
                              Yellow Bittern......  Ixobrychus sinensis.
Blackbird...................  Brewer's Blackbird..  Euphagus
                                                     cyanocephalus.
                              Red-winged Blackbird  Agelaius phoeniceus.
                              Rusty Blackbird.....  Euphagus carolinus.
                              Tawny-shouldered      Agelaius humeralis.
                               Blackbird.
                              Tricolored Blackbird  Agelaius tricolor.
                              Yellow-headed         Xanthocephalus
                               Blackbird.            xanthocephalus.
                              Yellow-shouldered     Agelaius xanthomus.
                               Blackbird.
Bluebird....................  Eastern Bluebird....  Sialia sialis.
                              Mountain Bluebird...  Sialia currucoides.
                              Western Bluebird....  Sialia mexicana.
Bluetail....................  Red-flanked Bluetail  Tarsiger cyanurus.
Bluethroat..................  Bluethroat..........  Cyanecula svecica.
Bobolink....................  Bobolink............  Dolichonyx
                                                     oryzivorus.
Boobook.....................  Northern Boobook....  Ninox japonica.
Booby.......................  Abbott's Booby......  Papasula abbotti.
                              Blue-footed Booby...  Sula nebouxii.
                              Brown Booby.........  Sula leucogaster.
                              Masked Booby........  Sula dactylatra.
                              Nazca Booby.........  Sula granti.
                              Red-footed Booby....  Sula sula.
Brambling...................  Brambling...........  Fringilla
                                                     montifringilla.
Brant.......................  Brant...............  Branta bernicla.
Bufflehead..................  Bufflehead..........  Bucephala albeola.
Bullfinch...................  Eurasian Bullfinch..  Pyrrhula pyrrhula.
                              Puerto Rican          Melopyrrha
                               Bullfinch.            portoricensis.
Bunting.....................  Blue Bunting........  Cyanocompsa
                                                     parellina.
                              Gray Bunting........  Emberiza variabilis.
                              Indigo Bunting......  Passerina cyanea.
                              Lark Bunting........  Calamospiza
                                                     melanocorys.
                              Lazuli Bunting......  Passerina amoena.
                              Little Bunting......  Emberiza pusilla.
                              McKay's Bunting.....  Plectrophenax
                                                     hyperboreus.
                              Painted Bunting.....  Passerina ciris.
                              Pallas's Bunting....  Emberiza pallasi.
                              Pine Bunting........  Emberiza
                                                     leucocephalos.
                              Reed Bunting........  Emberiza
                                                     schoeniclus.

[[Page 13]]

 
                              Rustic Bunting......  Emberiza rustica.
                              Snow Bunting........  Plectrophenax
                                                     nivalis.
                              Varied Bunting......  Passerina
                                                     versicolor.
                              Yellow-breasted       Emberiza aureola.
                               Bunting.
                              Yellow-browed         Emberiza
                               Bunting.              chrysophrys.
                              Yellow-throated       Emberiza elegans.
                               Bunting.
Bushtit.....................  Bushtit.............  Psaltriparus
                                                     minimus.
Buzzard.....................  Gray-faced Buzzard..  Butastur indicus.
                              Long-legged Buzzard.  Buteo rufinus.
Canvasback..................  Canvasback..........  Aythya valisineria.
Caracara....................  Crested Caracara....  Caracara plancus.
Cardinal....................  Northern Cardinal...  Cardinalis
                                                     cardinalis.
Carib.......................  Green-throated Carib  Eulampis
                                                     holosericeus.
                              Purple-throated       Eulampis jugularis.
                               Carib.
Catbird.....................  Black Catbird.......  Melanoptila
                                                     glabrirostris.
                              Gray Catbird........  Dumetella
                                                     carolinensis.
Chaffinch...................  Common Chaffinch....  Fringilla coelebs.
Chat........................  Yellow-breasted Chat  Icteria virens.
Chickadee...................  Black-capped          Poecile
                               Chickadee.            atricapillus.
                              Boreal Chickadee....  Poecile hudsonicus.
                              Carolina Chickadee..  Poecile
                                                     carolinensis.
                              Chestnut-backed       Poecile rufescens.
                               Chickadee.
                              Gray-headed           Poecile cinctus.
                               Chickadee.
                              Mexican Chickadee...  Poecile sclateri.
                              Mountain Chickadee..  Poecile gambeli.
Chiffchaff..................  Common Chiffchaff...  Phylloscopus
                                                     collybita.
Chuck-will's-widow..........  Chuck-will's-widow..  Antrostomus
                                                     carolinensis.
Condor......................  California Condor...  Gymnogyps
                                                     californianus.
Coot........................  American Coot.......  Fulica americana.
                              Eurasian Coot.......  Fulica atra.
                              Hawaiian Coot.......  Fulica alai.
Cormorant...................  Brandt's Cormorant..  Urile penicillatus.
                              Double-crested        Nannopterum auritum.
                               Cormorant.
                              Great Cormorant.....  Phalacrocorax carbo.
                              Little Pied           Microcarbo
                               Cormorant.            melanoleucos.
                              Neotropic Cormorant.  Nannopterum
                                                     brasilianum.
                              Pelagic Cormorant...  Urile pelagicus.
                              Red-faced Cormorant.  Urile urile.
Cowbird.....................  Bronzed Cowbird.....  Molothrus aeneus.
                              Brown-headed Cowbird  Molothrus ater.
                              Shiny Cowbird.......  Molothrus
                                                     bonariensis.
Crake.......................  Corn Crake..........  Crex crex.
                              Paint-billed Crake..  Neocrex erythrops.
                              Spotless Crake......  Porzana tabuensis.
                              Yellow-breasted       Hapalocrex
                               Crake.                flaviventer.
Crane.......................  Common Crane........  Grus grus.
                              Hooded Crane........  Grus monacha.
                              Sandhill Crane......  Antigone canadensis.
                              Whooping Crane......  Grus americana.
Creeper.....................  Brown Creeper.......  Certhia americana.
                              Hawaii Creeper......  Loxops mana.
Crossbill...................  Cassia Crossbill....  Loxia sinesciuris.
                              Red Crossbill.......  Loxia curvirostra.
                              White-winged          Loxia leucoptera.
                               Crossbill.
Crow........................  American Crow.......  Corvus
                                                     brachyrhynchos.
                              Fish Crow...........  Corvus ossifragus.
                              Hawaiian Crow.......  Corvus hawaiiensis.
                              Mariana Crow........  Corvus kubaryi.
                              Tamaulipas Crow.....  Corvus imparatus.
                              White-necked Crow...  Corvus
                                                     leucognaphalus.
Cuckoo......................  Black-billed Cuckoo.  Coccyzus
                                                     erythropthalmus.
                              Chestnut-winged       Clamator coromandus.
                               Cuckoo.
                              Common Cuckoo.......  Cuculus canorus.
                              Dark-billed Cuckoo..  Coccyzus
                                                     melacoryphus.
                              Mangrove Cuckoo.....  Coccyzus minor.
                              Oriental Cuckoo.....  Cuculus optatus.
                              Yellow-billed Cuckoo  Coccyzus americanus.
Curlew......................  Bristle-thighed       Numenius
                               Curlew.               tahitiensis.
                              Eskimo Curlew.......  Numenius borealis.
                              Eurasian Curlew.....  Numenius arquata.
                              Far Eastern Curlew..  Numenius
                                                     madagascariensis.

[[Page 14]]

 
                              Little Curlew.......  Numenius minutus.
                              Long-billed Curlew..  Numenius americanus.
Dickcissel..................  Dickcissel..........  Spiza americana.
Dipper......................  American Dipper.....  Cinclus mexicanus.
Dotterel....................  Eurasian Dotterel...  Charadrius
                                                     morinellus.
Dove........................  Common Ground Dove..  Columbina passerina.
                              Inca Dove...........  Columbina inca.
                              Mourning Dove.......  Zenaida macroura.
                              Ruddy Ground Dove...  Columbina talpacoti.
                              Shy Ground Dove.....  Alopecoenas stairi.
                              White-throated        Alopecoenas
                               Ground Dove.          xanthonurus.
                              White-tipped Dove...  Leptotila verreauxi.
                              White-winged Dove...  Zenaida asiatica.
                              Zenaida Dove........  Zenaida aurita.
Dovekie.....................  Dovekie.............  Alle alle.
Dowitcher...................  Long-billed           Limnodromus
                               Dowitcher.            scolopaceus.
                              Short-billed          Limnodromus griseus.
                               Dowitcher.
Duck........................  American Black Duck.  Anas rubripes.
                              Eastern Spot-billed   Anas zonorhyncha.
                               Duck.
                              Falcated Duck.......  Mareca falcata.
                              Harlequin Duck......  Histrionicus
                                                     histrionicus.
                              Hawaiian Duck.......  Anas wyvilliana.
                              Laysan Duck.........  Anas laysanensis.
                              Long-tailed Duck....  Clangula hyemalis.
                              Masked Duck.........  Nomonyx dominicus.
                              Mexican Duck........  Anas diazi.
                              Mottled Duck........  Anas fulvigula.
                              Muscovy Duck........  Cairina moschata.
                              Pacific Black Duck..  Anas superciliosa.
                              Ring-necked Duck....  Aythya collaris.
                              Ruddy Duck..........  Oxyura jamaicensis.
                              Tufted Duck.........  Aythya fuligula.
                              Wood Duck...........  Aix sponsa.
Dunlin......................  Dunlin..............  Calidris alpina.
Eagle.......................  Bald Eagle..........  Haliaeetus
                                                     leucocephalus.
                              Golden Eagle........  Aquila chrysaetos.
                              White-tailed Eagle..  Haliaeetus
                                                     albicilla.
Egret.......................  Cattle Egret........  Bubulcus ibis.
                              Chinese Egret.......  Egretta eulophotes.
                              Great Egret.........  Ardea alba.
                              Intermediate Egret..  Ardea intermedia.
                              Little Egret........  Egretta garzetta.
                              Reddish Egret.......  Egretta rufescens.
                              Snowy Egret.........  Egretta thula.
Eider.......................  Common Eider........  Somateria
                                                     mollissima.
                              King Eider..........  Somateria
                                                     spectabilis.
                              Spectacled Eider....  Somateria fischeri.
                              Steller's Eider.....  Polysticta stelleri.
Elaenia.....................  Caribbean Elaenia...  Elaenia martinica.
                              Greenish Elaenia....  Myiopagis
                                                     viridicata.
                              Small-billed Elaenia  Elaenia
                                                     parvirostris.
                              White-crested         Elaenia albiceps.
                               Elaenia.
Emerald.....................  Puerto Rican Emerald  Riccordia maugaeus.
Euphonia....................  Antillean Euphonia..  Chlorophonia musica.
Falcon......................  Amur Falcon.........  Falco amurensis.
                              Aplomado Falcon.....  Falco femoralis.
                              Peregrine Falcon....  Falco peregrinus.
                              Prairie Falcon......  Falco mexicanus.
                              Red-footed Falcon...  Falco vespertinus.
Fieldfare...................  Fieldfare...........  Turdus pilaris.
Finch.......................  Cassin's Finch......  Haemorhous cassinii.
                              House Finch.........  Haemorhous
                                                     mexicanus.
                              Laysan Finch........  Telespiza cantans.
                              Nihoa Finch.........  Telespiza ultima.
                              Purple Finch........  Haemorhous
                                                     purpureus.
Flamingo....................  American Flamingo...  Phoenicopterus
                                                     ruber.
Flicker.....................  Gilded Flicker......  Colaptes chrysoides.
                              Northern Flicker....  Colaptes auratus.
Flycatcher..................  Acadian Flycatcher..  Empidonax virescens.
                              Alder Flycatcher....  Empidonax alnorum.
                              Ash-throated          Myiarchus
                               Flycatcher.           cinerascens.

[[Page 15]]

 
                              Asian Brown           Muscicapa dauurica.
                               Flycatcher.
                              Brown-crested         Myiarchus
                               Flycatcher.           tyrannulus.
                              Buff-breasted         Empidonax
                               Flycatcher.           fulvifrons.
                              Cordilleran           Empidonax
                               Flycatcher.           occidentalis.
                              Crowned Slaty         Empidonomus
                               Flycatcher.           aurantioatrocristat
                                                     us.
                              Dark-sided            Muscicapa sibirica.
                               Flycatcher.
                              Dusky Flycatcher....  Empidonax
                                                     oberholseri.
                              Dusky-capped          Myiarchus
                               Flycatcher.           tuberculifer.
                              Fork-tailed           Tyrannus savana.
                               Flycatcher.
                              Gray Flycatcher.....  Empidonax wrightii.
                              Gray-streaked         Muscicapa
                               Flycatcher.           griseisticta.
                              Great Crested         Myiarchus crinitus.
                               Flycatcher.
                              Hammond's Flycatcher  Empidonax hammondii.
                              La Sagra's            Myiarchus sagrae.
                               Flycatcher.
                              Least Flycatcher....  Empidonax minimus.
                              Mugimaki Flycatcher.  Ficedula mugimaki.
                              Narcissus Flycatcher  Ficedula narcissina.
                              Nutting's Flycatcher  Myiarchus nuttingi.
                              Olive-sided           Contopus cooperi.
                               Flycatcher.
                              Pacific-slope         Empidonax
                               Flycatcher.           difficilis.
                              Pine Flycatcher.....  Empidonax affinis.
                              Piratic Flycatcher..  Legatus leucophaius.
                              Puerto Rican          Myiarchus
                               Flycatcher.           antillarum.
                              Scissor-tailed        Tyrannus forficatus.
                               Flycatcher.
                              Social Flycatcher...  Myiozetetes similis.
                              Spotted Flycatcher..  Muscicapa striata.
                              Sulphur-bellied       Myiodynastes
                               Flycatcher.           luteiventris.
                              Taiga Flycatcher....  Ficedula albicilla.
                              Tufted Flycatcher...  Mitrephanes
                                                     phaeocercus.
                              Variegated            Empidonomus varius.
                               Flycatcher.
                              Vermilion Flycatcher  Pyrocephalus
                                                     rubinus.
                              Willow Flycatcher...  Empidonax traillii.
                              Yellow-bellied        Empidonax
                               Flycatcher.           flaviventris.
Forest-Falcon...............  Collared Forest-      Micrastur
                               Falcon.               semitorquatus.
Frigatebird.................  Great Frigatebird...  Fregata minor.
                              Lesser Frigatebird..  Fregata ariel.
                              Magnificent           Fregata magnificens.
                               Frigatebird.
Fruit-Dove..................  Crimson-crowned       Ptilinopus
                               Fruit-Dove.           porphyraceus.
                              Many-colored Fruit-   Ptilinopus perousii.
                               Dove.
                              Mariana Fruit-Dove..  Ptilinopus
                                                     roseicapilla.
Fulmar......................  Northern Fulmar.....  Fulmarus glacialis.
Gadwall.....................  Gadwall.............  Mareca strepera.
Gallinule...................  Azure Gallinule.....  Porphyrio
                                                     flavirostris.
                              Common Gallinule....  Gallinula galeata.
                              Purple Gallinule....  Porphyrio
                                                     martinicus.
Gannet......................  Northern Gannet.....  Morus bassanus.
Garganey....................  Garganey............  Spatula querquedula.
Giant-Petrel................  Northern Giant-       Macronectes halli.
                               Petrel.
Gnatcatcher.................  Black-capped          Polioptila
                               Gnatcatcher.          nigriceps.
                              Black-tailed          Polioptila melanura.
                               Gnatcatcher.
                              Blue-Gray             Polioptila caerulea.
                               Gnatcatcher.
                              California            Polioptila
                               Gnatcatcher.          californica.
Godwit......................  Bar-tailed Godwit...  Limosa lapponica.
                              Black-tailed Godwit.  Limosa limosa.
                              Hudsonian Godwit....  Limosa haemastica.
                              Marbled Godwit......  Limosa fedoa.
Goldeneye...................  Barrow's Goldeneye..  Bucephala islandica.
                              Common Goldeneye....  Bucephala clangula.
Golden-Plover...............  American Golden-      Pluvialis dominica.
                               Plover.
                              European Golden-      Pluvialis apricaria.
                               Plover.
                              Pacific Golden-       Pluvialis fulva.
                               Plover.
Goldfinch...................  American Goldfinch..  Spinus tristis.
                              Lawrence's Goldfinch  Spinus lawrencei.
                              Lesser Goldfinch....  Spinus psaltria.
Goose.......................  Barnacle Goose......  Branta leucopsis.
                              Cackling Goose......  Branta hutchinsii.
                              Canada Goose........  Branta canadensis.
                              Emperor Goose.......  Anser canagicus.
                              Greater White-        Anser albifrons.
                               fronted Goose.
                              Hawaiian Goose......  Branta sandvicensis.
                              Lesser White-fronted  Anser erythropus.
                               Goose.

[[Page 16]]

 
                              Pink-footed Goose...  Anser
                                                     brachyrhynchus.
                              Ross's Goose........  Anser rossii.
                              Snow Goose..........  Anser caerulescens.
Goshawk.....................  Northern Goshawk....  Accipiter gentilis.
Grackle.....................  Boat-tailed Grackle.  Quiscalus major.
                              Common Grackle......  Quiscalus quiscula.
                              Greater Antillean     Quiscalus niger.
                               Grackle.
                              Great-tailed Grackle  Quiscalus mexicanus.
Grassquit...................  Black-faced           Melanospiza bicolor.
                               Grassquit.
                              Yellow-faced          Tiaris olivaceus.
                               Grassquit.
Grebe.......................  Clark's Grebe.......  Aechmophorus
                                                     clarkii.
                              Eared Grebe.........  Podiceps
                                                     nigricollis.
                              Horned Grebe........  Podiceps auritus.
                              Least Grebe.........  Tachybaptus
                                                     dominicus.
                              Pied-billed Grebe...  Podilymbus podiceps.
                              Red-necked Grebe....  Podiceps grisegena.
                              Western Grebe.......  Aechmophorus
                                                     occidentalis.
Greenfinch..................  Oriental Greenfinch.  Chloris sinica.
Greenshank..................  Common Greenshank...  Tringa nebularia.
                              Nordmann's            Tringa guttifer.
                               Greenshank.
Grosbeak....................  Black-headed          Pheucticus
                               Grosbeak.             melanocephalus.
                              Blue Grosbeak.......  Passerina caerulea.
                              Crimson-collared      Rhodothraupis
                               Grosbeak.             celaeno.
                              Evening Grosbeak....  Coccothraustes
                                                     vespertinus.
                              Pine Grosbeak.......  Pinicola enucleator.
                              Rose-breasted         Pheucticus
                               Grosbeak.             ludovicianus.
                              Yellow Grosbeak.....  Pheucticus
                                                     chrysopeplus.
Guillemot...................  Black Guillemot.....  Cepphus grylle.
                              Pigeon Guillemot....  Cepphus columba.
Gull........................  Belcher's Gull......  Larus belcheri.
                              Black-headed Gull...  Chroicocephalus
                                                     ridibundus.
                              Black-tailed Gull...  Larus crassirostris.
                              Bonaparte's Gull....  Chroicocephalus
                                                     philadelphia.
                              California Gull.....  Larus californicus.
                              Common Gull.........  Larus canus.
                              Franklin's Gull.....  Leucophaeus
                                                     pipixcan.
                              Glaucous Gull.......  Larus hyperboreus.
                              Glaucous-winged Gull  Larus glaucescens.
                              Gray-hooded Gull....  Chroicocephalus
                                                     cirrocephalus.
                              Great Black-backed    Larus marinus.
                               Gull.
                              Heermann's Gull.....  Larus heermanni.
                              Herring Gull........  Larus argentatus.
                              Iceland Gull........  Larus glaucoides.
                              Ivory Gull..........  Pagophila eburnea.
                              Kelp Gull...........  Larus dominicanus.
                              Laughing Gull.......  Leucophaeus
                                                     atricilla.
                              Lesser Black-backed   Larus fuscus.
                               Gull.
                              Little Gull.........  Hydrocoloeus
                                                     minutus.
                              Pallas's Gull.......  Ichthyaetus
                                                     ichthyaetus.
                              Ring-billed Gull....  Larus delawarensis.
                              Ross's Gull.........  Rhodostethia rosea.
                              Sabine's Gull.......  Xema sabini.
                              Short-billed Gull...  Larus
                                                     brachyrhynchus.
                              Slaty-backed Gull...  Larus schistisagus.
                              Swallow-tailed Gull.  Creagrus furcatus.
                              Western Gull........  Larus occidentalis.
                              Yellow-footed Gull..  Larus livens.
                              Yellow-legged Gull..  Larus michahellis.
Gyrfalcon...................  Gyrfalcon...........  Falco rusticolus.
Harrier.....................  Northern Harrier....  Circus hudsonius.
Hawfinch....................  Hawfinch............  Coccothraustes
                                                     coccothraustes.
Hawk........................  Broad-winged Hawk...  Buteo platypterus.
                              Common Black Hawk...  Buteogallus
                                                     anthracinus.
                              Cooper's Hawk.......  Accipiter cooperii.
                              Crane Hawk..........  Geranospiza
                                                     caerulescens.
                              Ferruginous Hawk....  Buteo regalis.
                              Gray Hawk...........  Buteo plagiatus.
                              Great Black Hawk....  Buteogallus
                                                     urubitinga.
                              Harris's Hawk.......  Parabuteo
                                                     unicinctus.
                              Hawaiian Hawk.......  Buteo solitarius.
                              Red-shouldered Hawk.  Buteo lineatus.

[[Page 17]]

 
                              Red-tailed Hawk.....  Buteo jamaicensis.
                              Roadside Hawk.......  Rupornis
                                                     magnirostris.
                              Rough-legged Hawk...  Buteo lagopus.
                              Sharp-shinned Hawk..  Accipiter striatus.
                              Short-tailed Hawk...  Buteo brachyurus.
                              Swainson's Hawk.....  Buteo swainsoni.
                              White-tailed Hawk...  Geranoaetus
                                                     albicaudatus.
                              Zone-tailed Hawk....  Buteo albonotatus.
Hawk-Cuckoo.................  Hodgson's Hawk-       Hierococcyx
                               Cuckoo.               nisicolor.
Heron.......................  Gray Heron..........  Ardea cinerea.
                              Great Blue Heron....  Ardea herodias.
                              Green Heron.........  Butorides virescens.
                              Little Blue Heron...  Egretta caerulea.
                              Tricolored Heron....  Egretta tricolor.
Hobby.......................  Eurasian Hobby......  Falco subbuteo.
Honeycreeper................  Laysan Honeycreeper.  Himatione fraithii.
                              Red-legged            Cyanerpes cyaneus.
                               Honeycreeper.
Hoopoe......................  Eurasian Hoopoe.....  Upupa epops.
House-Martin................  Common House-Martin.  Delichon urbicum.
Hummingbird.................  Allen's Hummingbird.  Selasphorus sasin.
                              Anna's Hummingbird..  Calypte anna.
                              Antillean Crested     Orthorhyncus
                               Hummingbird.          cristatus.
                              Berylline             Saucerottia
                               Hummingbird.          beryllina.
                              Black-chinned         Archilochus
                               Hummingbird.          alexandri.
                              Broad-billed          Cynanthus
                               Hummingbird.          latirostris.
                              Broad-tailed          Selasphorus
                               Hummingbird.          platycercus.
                              Buff-bellied          Amazilia
                               Hummingbird.          yucatanensis.
                              Bumblebee             Selasphorus heloisa.
                               Hummingbird.
                              Calliope Hummingbird  Selasphorus
                                                     calliope.
                              Cinnamon Hummingbird  Amazilia rutila.
                              Costa's Hummingbird.  Calypte costae.
                              Lucifer Hummingbird.  Calothorax lucifer.
                              Rivoli's Hummingbird  Eugenes fulgens.
                              Ruby-throated         Archilochus
                               Hummingbird.          colubris.
                              Rufous Hummingbird..  Selasphorus rufus.
                              Vervain Hummingbird.  Mellisuga minima.
                              Violet-crowned        Ramosomyia
                               Hummingbird.          violiceps.
                              White-eared           Basilinna leucotis.
                               Hummingbird.
                              Xantus's Hummingbird  Basilinna xantusii.
Ibis........................  Glossy Ibis.........  Plegadis
                                                     falcinellus.
                              Scarlet Ibis........  Eudocimus ruber.
                              White Ibis..........  Eudocimus albus.
                              White-faced Ibis....  Plegadis chihi.
'I'iwi......................  'I'iwi..............  Drepanis coccinea.
Imperial-Pigeon.............  Pacific Imperial-     Ducula pacifica.
                               Pigeon.
Jabiru......................  Jabiru..............  Jabiru mycteria.
Jacana......................  Northern Jacana.....  Jacana spinosa.
Jackdaw.....................  Eurasian Jackdaw....  Corvus monedula.
Jaeger......................  Long-tailed Jaeger..  Stercorarius
                                                     longicaudus.
                              Parasitic Jaeger....  Stercorarius
                                                     parasiticus.
                              Pomarine Jaeger.....  Stercorarius
                                                     pomarinus.
Jay.........................  Blue Jay............  Cyanocitta cristata.
                              Brown Jay...........  Psilorhinus morio.
                              Canada Jay..........  Perisoreus
                                                     canadensis.
                              Green Jay...........  Cyanocorax yncas.
                              Mexican Jay.........  Aphelocoma
                                                     wollweberi.
                              Pinyon Jay..........  Gymnorhinus
                                                     cyanocephalus.
                              Steller's Jay.......  Cyanocitta stelleri.
Junco.......................  Dark-eyed Junco.....  Junco hyemalis.
                              Yellow-eyed Junco...  Junco phaeonotus.
K[amacr]k[amacr]wahie.......  K[amacr]k[amacr]wahi  Paroreomyza flammea.
                               e.
K[amacr]ma'o................  K[amacr]ma'o........  Myadestes
                                                     myadestinus.
Kestrel.....................  American Kestrel....  Falco sparverius.
                              Eurasian Kestrel....  Falco tinnunculus.
Killdeer....................  Killdeer............  Charadrius
                                                     vociferus.
Kingbird....................  Cassin's Kingbird...  Tyrannus vociferans.
                              Couch's Kingbird....  Tyrannus couchii.
                              Eastern Kingbird....  Tyrannus tyrannus.
                              Gray Kingbird.......  Tyrannus
                                                     dominicensis.
                              Loggerhead Kingbird.  Tyrannus
                                                     caudifasciatus.
                              Thick-billed          Tyrannus
                               Kingbird.             crassirostris.

[[Page 18]]

 
                              Tropical Kingbird...  Tyrannus
                                                     melancholicus.
                              Western Kingbird....  Tyrannus verticalis.
Kingfisher..................  Amazon Kingfisher...  Chloroceryle
                                                     amazona.
                              Belted Kingfisher...  Megaceryle alcyon.
                              Common Kingfisher...  Alcedo atthis.
                              Green Kingfisher....  Chloroceryle
                                                     americana.
                              Guam Kingfisher.....  Todiramphus
                                                     cinnamominus.
                              Mariana Kingfisher..  Todiramphus
                                                     albicilla.
                              Pacific Kingfisher..  Todiramphus sacer.
                              Ringed Kingfisher...  Megaceryle torquata.
Kinglet.....................  Golden-crowned        Regulus satrapa.
                               Kinglet.
                              Ruby-crowned Kinglet  Corthylio calendula.
Kiskadee....................  Great Kiskadee......  Pitangus
                                                     sulphuratus.
Kite........................  Black Kite..........  Milvus migrans.
                              Double-toothed Kite.  Harpagus bidentatus.
                              Hook-billed Kite....  Chondrohierax
                                                     uncinatus.
                              Mississippi Kite....  Ictinia
                                                     mississippiensis.
                              Snail Kite..........  Rostrhamus
                                                     sociabilis.
                              Swallow-tailed Kite.  Elanoides
                                                     forficatus.
                              White-tailed Kite...  Elanus leucurus.
Kittiwake...................  Black-legged          Rissa tridactyla.
                               Kittiwake.
                              Red-legged Kittiwake  Rissa brevirostris.
Knot........................  Great Knot..........  Calidris
                                                     tenuirostris.
                              Red Knot............  Calidris canutus.
Koel........................  Long-tailed Koel....  Urodynamis
                                                     taitensis.
Lapwing.....................  Northern Lapwing....  Vanellus vanellus.
Lark........................  Horned Lark.........  Eremophila
                                                     alpestris.
Limpkin.....................  Limpkin.............  Aramus guarauna.
Lizard-Cuckoo...............  Puerto Rican Lizard-  Coccyzus vieilloti.
                               Cuckoo.
Longspur....................  Chestnut-collared     Calcarius ornatus.
                               Longspur.
                              Lapland Longspur....  Calcarius
                                                     lapponicus.
                              Smith's Longspur....  Calcarius pictus.
                              Thick-billed          Rhynchophanes
                               Longspur.             mccownii.
Loon........................  Arctic Loon.........  Gavia arctica.
                              Common Loon.........  Gavia immer.
                              Pacific Loon........  Gavia pacifica.
                              Red-throated Loon...  Gavia stellata.
                              Yellow-billed Loon..  Gavia adamsii.
Magpie......................  Black-billed Magpie.  Pica hudsonia.
                              Yellow-billed Magpie  Pica nuttalli.
Mallard.....................  Mallard.............  Anas platyrhynchos.
Mango.......................  Puerto Rican Mango..  Anthracothorax
                                                     aurulentus.
                              Green Mango.........  Anthracothorax
                                                     viridis.
                              Green-breasted Mango  Anthracothorax
                                                     prevostii.
Marsh-Harrier...............  Eastern Marsh-        Circus spilonotus.
                               Harrier.
Martin......................  Brown-chested Martin  Progne tapera.
                              Caribbean Martin....  Progne dominicensis.
                              Cuban Martin........  Progne cryptoleuca.
                              Gray-breasted Martin  Progne chalybea.
                              Purple Martin.......  Progne subis.
                              Southern Martin.....  Progne elegans.
Meadowlark..................  Chihuahuan            Sturnella lilianae.
                               Meadowlark.
                              Eastern Meadowlark..  Sturnella magna.
                              Western Meadowlark..  Sturnella neglecta.
Merganser...................  Common Merganser....  Mergus merganser.
                              Hooded Merganser....  Lophodytes
                                                     cucullatus.
                              Red-breasted          Mergus serrator.
                               Merganser.
Merlin......................  Merlin..............  Falco columbarius.
Millerbird..................  Millerbird..........  Acrocephalus
                                                     familiaris.
Mockingbird.................  Bahama Mockingbird..  Mimus gundlachii.
                              Blue Mockingbird....  Melanotis
                                                     caerulescens.
                              Northern Mockingbird  Mimus polyglottos.
Moorhen.....................  Eurasian Moorhen....  Gallinula chloropus.
Mountain-gem................  Amethyst-throated     Lampornis
                               Mountain-gem.         amethystinus.
                              Blue-throated         Lampornis
                               Mountain-gem.         clemenciae.
Murre.......................  Common Murre........  Uria aalge.
                              Thick-billed Murre..  Uria lomvia.
Murrelet....................  Ancient Murrelet....  Synthliboramphus
                                                     antiquus.
                              Craveri's Murrelet..  Synthliboramphus
                                                     craveri.
                              Guadalupe Murrelet..  Synthliboramphus
                                                     hypoleucus.
                              Kittlitz's Murrelet.  Brachyramphus
                                                     brevirostris.

[[Page 19]]

 
                              Long-billed Murrelet  Brachyramphus
                                                     perdix.
                              Marbled Murrelet....  Brachyramphus
                                                     marmoratus.
                              Scripps's Murrelet..  Synthliboramphus
                                                     scrippsi.
Needletail..................  White-throated        Hirundapus
                               Needletail.           caudacutus.
Nighthawk...................  Antillean Nighthawk.  Chordeiles
                                                     gundlachii.
                              Common Nighthawk....  Chordeiles minor.
                              Lesser Nighthawk....  Chordeiles
                                                     acutipennis.
Night-Heron.................  Black-crowned Night-  Nycticorax
                               Heron.                nycticorax.
                              Japanese Night-Heron  Gorsachius goisagi.
                              Malayan Night-Heron.  Gorsachius
                                                     melanolophus.
                              Nankeen Night-Heron.  Nycticorax
                                                     caledonicus.
                              Yellow-crowned Night- Nyctanassa violacea.
                               Heron.
Nightingale-Thrush..........  Black-headed          Catharus mexicanus.
                               Nightingale-Thrush.
                              Orange-billed         Catharus
                               Nightingale-Thrush.   aurantiirostris.
Nightjar....................  Buff-collared         Antrostomus
                               Nightjar.             ridgwayi.
                              Gray Nightjar.......  Caprimulgus jotaka.
                              Puerto Rican          Antrostomus
                               Nightjar.             noctitherus.
                              White-tailed          Hydropsalis
                               Nightjar.             cayennensis.
Noddy.......................  Black Noddy.........  Anous minutus.
                              Blue-gray Noddy.....  Anous ceruleus.
                              Brown Noddy.........  Anous stolidus.
Nukupu'u....................  Kauai Nukupu'u......  Hemignathus
                                                     hanapepe.
                              Maui Nukupu'u.......  Hemignathus affinis.
                              O'ahu Nukupu'u......  Hemignathus lucidus.
Nutcracker..................  Clark's Nutcracker..  Nucifraga
                                                     columbiana.
Nuthatch....................  Brown-headed          Sitta pusilla.
                               Nuthatch.
                              Pygmy Nuthatch......  Sitta pygmaea.
                              Red-breasted          Sitta canadensis.
                               Nuthatch.
                              White-breasted        Sitta carolinensis.
                               Nuthatch.
Oloma'o.....................  Oloma'o.............  Myadestes
                                                     lanaiensis.
'[Omacr]ma'o................  '[Omacr]ma'o........  Myadestes obscurus.
Oriole......................  Altamira Oriole.....  Icterus gularis.
                              Audubon's Oriole....  Icterus graduacauda.
                              Baltimore Oriole....  Icterus galbula.
                              Black-backed Oriole.  Icterus abeillei.
                              Black-vented Oriole.  Icterus wagleri.
                              Bullock's Oriole....  Icterus bullockii.
                              Hooded Oriole.......  Icterus cucullatus.
                              Orchard Oriole......  Icterus spurius.
                              Puerto Rican Oriole.  Icterus
                                                     portoricensis.
                              Scott's Oriole......  Icterus parisorum.
                              Streak-backed Oriole  Icterus pustulatus.
Osprey......................  Osprey..............  Pandion haliaetus.
'[Omacr]'[umacr]............  '[Omacr]'[umacr]....  Psittirostra
                                                     psittacea.
Ovenbird....................  Ovenbird............  Seiurus aurocapilla.
Owl.........................  Barn Owl............  Tyto alba.
                              Barred Owl..........  Strix varia.
                              Boreal Owl..........  Aegolius funereus.
                              Burrowing Owl.......  Athene cunicularia.
                              Elf Owl.............  Micrathene whitneyi.
                              Flammulated Owl.....  Psiloscops
                                                     flammeolus.
                              Great Gray Owl......  Strix nebulosa.
                              Great Horned Owl....  Bubo virginianus.
                              Long-eared Owl......  Asio otus.
                              Mottled Owl.........  Strix virgata.
                              Northern Hawk Owl...  Surnia ulula.
                              Northern Saw-whet     Aegolius acadicus.
                               Owl.
                              Puerto Rican Owl....  Gymnasio nudipes.
                              Short-eared Owl.....  Asio flammeus.
                              Snowy Owl...........  Bubo scandiacus.
                              Spotted Owl.........  Strix occidentalis.
                              Stygian Owl.........  Asio stygius.
Oystercatcher...............  American              Haematopus
                               Oystercatcher.        palliatus.
                              Black Oystercatcher.  Haematopus bachmani.
                              Eurasian              Haematopus
                               Oystercatcher.        ostralegus.
Palila......................  Palila..............  Loxioides bailleui.
Palm-Swift..................  Antillean Palm-Swift  Tachornis
                                                     phoenicobia.
Parrotbill..................  Maui Parrotbill.....  Pseudonestor
                                                     xanthophrys.
Parula......................  Northern Parula.....  Setophaga americana.
                              Tropical Parula.....  Setophaga pitiayumi.
Pauraque....................  Common Pauraque.....  Nyctidromus
                                                     albicollis.

[[Page 20]]

 
Pelican.....................  American White        Pelecanus
                               Pelican.              erythrorhynchos.
                              Brown Pelican.......  Pelecanus
                                                     occidentalis.
Petrel......................  Bermuda Petrel......  Pterodroma cahow.
                              Black-capped Petrel.  Pterodroma hasitata.
                              Black-winged Petrel.  Pterodroma
                                                     nigripennis.
                              Bonin Petrel........  Pterodroma
                                                     hypoleuca.
                              Bulwer's Petrel.....  Bulweria bulwerii.
                              Cook's Petrel.......  Pterodroma cookii.
                              Fea's Petrel........  Pterodroma feae.
                              Gould's Petrel......  Pterodroma
                                                     leucoptera.
                              Gray-faced Petrel...  Pterodroma gouldi.
                              Hawaiian Petrel.....  Pterodroma
                                                     sandwichensis.
                              Herald Petrel.......  Pterodroma
                                                     heraldica.
                              Jouanin's Petrel....  Bulweria fallax.
                              Juan Fernandez        Pterodroma externa.
                               Petrel.
                              Kermadec Petrel.....  Pterodroma neglecta.
                              Mottled Petrel......  Pterodroma
                                                     inexpectata.
                              Murphy's Petrel.....  Pterodroma ultima.
                              Parkinson's Petrel..  Procellaria
                                                     parkinsoni.
                              Phoenix Petrel......  Pterodroma alba.
                              Providence Petrel...  Pterodroma solandri.
                              Stejneger's Petrel..  Pterodroma
                                                     longirostris.
                              Tahiti Petrel.......  Pseudobulweria
                                                     rostrata.
                              Trindade Petrel.....  Pterodroma
                                                     arminjoniana.
                              White-chinned Petrel  Procellaria
                                                     aequinoctialis.
                              White-necked Petrel.  Pterodroma
                                                     cervicalis.
                              Zino's Petrel.......  Pterodroma madeira.
Pewee.......................  Cuban Pewee.........  Contopus caribaeus.
                              Greater Pewee.......  Contopus pertinax.
                              Hispaniolan Pewee...  Contopus
                                                     hispaniolensis.
                              Lesser Antillean      Contopus
                               Pewee.                latirostris.
Phainopepla.................  Phainopepla.........  Phainopepla nitens.
Phalarope...................  Red Phalarope.......  Phalaropus
                                                     fulicarius.
                              Red-necked Phalarope  Phalaropus lobatus.
                              Wilson's Phalarope..  Phalaropus tricolor.
Phoebe......................  Black Phoebe........  Sayornis nigricans.
                              Eastern Phoebe......  Sayornis phoebe.
                              Say's Phoebe........  Sayornis saya.
Pigeon......................  Band-tailed Pigeon..  Patagioenas
                                                     fasciata.
                              Plain Pigeon........  Patagioenas
                                                     inornata.
                              Red-billed Pigeon...  Patagioenas
                                                     flavirostris.
                              Scaly-naped Pigeon..  Patagioenas
                                                     squamosa.
                              White-crowned Pigeon  Patagioenas
                                                     leucocephala.
Pintail.....................  Northern Pintail....  Anas acuta.
                              White-cheeked         Anas bahamensis.
                               Pintail.
Pipit.......................  American Pipit......  Anthus rubescens.
                              Olive-backed Pipit..  Anthus hodgsoni.
                              Pechora Pipit.......  Anthus gustavi.
                              Red-throated Pipit..  Anthus cervinus.
                              Sprague's Pipit.....  Anthus spragueii.
                              Tree Pipit..........  Anthus trivialis.
Plover......................  Black-bellied Plover  Pluvialis
                                                     squatarola.
                              Collared Plover.....  Charadrius collaris.
                              Common Ringed Plover  Charadrius
                                                     hiaticula.
                              Kentish Plover......  Charadrius
                                                     alexandrinus.
                              Little Ringed Plover  Charadrius dubius.
                              Mountain Plover.....  Charadrius montanus.
                              Piping Plover.......  Charadrius melodus.
                              Semipalmated Plover.  Charadrius
                                                     semipalmatus.
                              Snowy Plover........  Charadrius nivosus.
                              Wilson's Plover.....  Charadrius wilsonia.
Pochard.....................  Baer's Pochard......  Aythya baeri.
                              Common Pochard......  Aythya ferina.
Pond-Heron..................  Chinese Pond-Heron..  Ardeola bacchus.
Poorwill....................  Common Poorwill.....  Phalaenoptilus
                                                     nuttallii.
Po'ouli.....................  Po'ouli.............  Melamprosops
                                                     phaeosoma.
Puaiohi.....................  Puaiohi.............  Myadestes palmeri.
Puffin......................  Atlantic Puffin.....  Fratercula arctica.
                              Horned Puffin.......  Fratercula
                                                     corniculata.
                              Tufted Puffin.......  Fratercula cirrhata.
Pygmy-Owl...................  Ferruginous Pygmy-    Glaucidium
                               Owl.                  brasilianum.

[[Page 21]]

 
                              Northern Pygmy-Owl..  Glaucidium gnoma.
Pyrrhuloxia.................  Pyrrhuloxia.........  Cardinalis sinuatus.
Quail-Dove..................  Bridled Quail-Dove..  Geotrygon mystacea.
                              Key West Quail-Dove.  Geotrygon chrysia.
                              Ruddy Quail-Dove....  Geotrygon montana.
Quetzal.....................  Eared Quetzal.......  Euptilotis neoxenus.
Rail........................  Black Rail..........  Laterallus
                                                     jamaicensis.
                              Buff-banded Rail....  Gallirallus
                                                     philippensis.
                              Clapper Rail........  Rallus crepitans.
                              Guam Rail...........  Gallirallus owstoni.
                              King Rail...........  Rallus elegans.
                              Ridgway's Rail......  Rallus obsoletus.
                              Spotted Rail........  Pardirallus
                                                     maculatus.
                              Virginia Rail.......  Rallus limicola.
                              Yellow Rail.........  Coturnicops
                                                     noveboracensis.
Raven.......................  Chihuahuan Raven....  Corvus cryptoleucus.
                              Common Raven........  Corvus corax.
Razorbill...................  Razorbill...........  Alca torda.
Redhead.....................  Redhead.............  Aythya americana.
Redpoll.....................  Common Redpoll......  Acanthis flammea.
                              Hoary Redpoll.......  Acanthis hornemanni.
Redshank....................  Common Redshank.....  Tringa totanus.
                              Spotted Redshank....  Tringa erythropus.
Redstart....................  American Redstart...  Setophaga ruticilla.
                              Common Redstart.....  Phoenicurus
                                                     phoenicurus.
                              Painted Redstart....  Myioborus pictus.
                              Slate-throated        Myioborus miniatus.
                               Redstart.
Redwing.....................  Redwing.............  Turdus iliacus.
Reef-Heron..................  Pacific Reef-Heron..  Egretta sacra.
                              Western Reef-Heron..  Egretta gularis.
Roadrunner..................  Greater Roadrunner..  Geococcyx
                                                     californianus.
Robin.......................  American Robin......  Turdus migratorius.
                              European Robin......  Erithacus rubecula.
                              Rufous-backed Robin.  Turdus
                                                     rufopalliatus.
                              Rufous-tailed Robin.  Larvivora sibilans.
                              Siberian Blue Robin.  Larvivora cyane.
Rock-Thrush.................  Blue Rock-Thrush....  Monticola
                                                     solitarius.
Rosefinch...................  Common Rosefinch....  Carpodacus
                                                     erythrinus.
                              Pallas's Rosefinch..  Carpodacus roseus.
Rosy-Finch..................  Asian Rosy-Finch....  Leucosticte arctoa.
                              Black Rosy-Finch....  Leucosticte atrata.
                              Brown-capped Rosy-    Leucosticte
                               Finch.                australis.
                              Gray-crowned Rosy-    Leucosticte
                               Finch.                tephrocotis.
Rubythroat..................  Siberian Rubythroat.  Calliope calliope.
Ruff........................  Ruff................  Calidris pugnax.
Sanderling..................  Sanderling..........  Calidris alba.
Sandpiper...................  Baird's Sandpiper...  Calidris bairdii.
                              Broad-billed          Calidris
                               Sandpiper.            falcinellus.
                              Buff-breasted         Calidris
                               Sandpiper.            subruficollis.
                              Common Sandpiper....  Actitis hypoleucos.
                              Curlew Sandpiper....  Calidris ferruginea.
                              Green Sandpiper.....  Tringa ochropus.
                              Least Sandpiper.....  Calidris minutilla.
                              Marsh Sandpiper.....  Tringa stagnatilis.
                              Pectoral Sandpiper..  Calidris melanotos.
                              Purple Sandpiper....  Calidris maritima.
                              Rock Sandpiper......  Calidris
                                                     ptilocnemis.
                              Semipalmated          Calidris pusilla.
                               Sandpiper.
                              Sharp-tailed          Calidris acuminata.
                               Sandpiper.
                              Solitary Sandpiper..  Tringa solitaria.
                              Spoon-billed          Calidris pygmea.
                               Sandpiper.
                              Spotted Sandpiper...  Actitis macularius.
                              Stilt Sandpiper.....  Calidris himantopus.
                              Terek Sandpiper.....  Xenus cinereus.
                              Upland Sandpiper....  Bartramia
                                                     longicauda.
                              Western Sandpiper...  Calidris mauri.
                              White-rumped          Calidris
                               Sandpiper.            fuscicollis.
                              Wood Sandpiper......  Tringa glareola.
Sand-Plover.................  Greater Sand-Plover.  Charadrius
                                                     leschenaultii.
                              Lesser Sand-Plover..  Charadrius mongolus.
Sapsucker...................  Red-breasted          Sphyrapicus ruber.
                               Sapsucker.

[[Page 22]]

 
                              Red-naped Sapsucker.  Sphyrapicus
                                                     nuchalis.
                              Williamson's          Sphyrapicus
                               Sapsucker.            thyroideus.
                              Yellow-bellied        Sphyrapicus varius.
                               Sapsucker.
Scaup.......................  Greater Scaup.......  Aythya marila.
                              Lesser Scaup........  Aythya affinis.
Scops-Owl...................  Oriental Scops-Owl..  Otus sunia.
Scoter......................  Black Scoter........  Melanitta americana.
                              Common Scoter.......  Melanitta nigra.
                              Stejneger's Scoter..  Melanitta stejneger.
                              Surf Scoter.........  Melanitta
                                                     perspicillata.
                              White-winged Scoter.  Melanitta deglandi.
Screech-Owl.................  Eastern Screech-Owl.  Megascops asio.
                              Western Screech-Owl.  Megascops
                                                     kennicottii.
                              Whiskered Screech-    Megascops
                               Owl.                  trichopsis.
Scrub-Jay...................  California Scrub-Jay  Aphelocoma
                                                     californica.
                              Florida Scrub-Jay...  Aphelocoma
                                                     coerulescens.
                              Island Scrub-Jay....  Aphelocoma
                                                     insularis.
                              Woodhouse's Scrub-    Aphelocoma
                               Jay.                  woodhouseii.
Sea-Eagle...................  Steller's Sea-Eagle.  Haliaeetus
                                                     pelagicus.
Seedeater...................  Morelet's Seedeater.  Sporophila
                                                     morelleti.
Shearwater..................  Audubon's Shearwater  Puffinus
                                                     lherminieri.
                              Barolo Shearwater...  Puffinus baroli.
                              Black-vented          Puffinus
                               Shearwater.           opisthomelas.
                              Bryan's Shearwater..  Puffinus bryani.
                              Buller's Shearwater.  Ardenna bulleri.
                              Cape Verde            Calonectris
                               Shearwater.           edwardsii.
                              Christmas Shearwater  Puffinus
                                                     nativitatis.
                              Cory's Shearwater...  Calonectris
                                                     diomedea.
                              Flesh-footed          Ardenna carneipes.
                               Shearwater.
                              Great Shearwater....  Ardenna gravis.
                              Manx Shearwater.....  Puffinus puffinus.
                              Newell's Shearwater.  Puffinus newelli.
                              Pink-footed           Ardenna creatopus.
                               Shearwater.
                              Short-tailed          Ardenna
                               Shearwater.           tenuirostris.
                              Sooty Shearwater....  Ardenna grisea.
                              Streaked Shearwater.  Calonectris
                                                     leucomelas.
                              Wedge-tailed          Ardenna pacifica.
                               Shearwater.
Shoveler....................  Northern Shoveler...  Spatula clypeata.
Shrike......................  Brown Shrike........  Lanius cristatus.
                              Loggerhead Shrike...  Lanius ludovicianus.
                              Northern Shrike.....  Lanius borealis.
Silky-Flycatcher............  Gray Silky-           Ptiliogonys
                               Flycatcher.           cinereus.
Siskin......................  Eurasian Siskin.....  Spinus spinus.
                              Pine Siskin.........  Spinus pinus.
Skimmer.....................  Black Skimmer.......  Rynchops niger.
Skua........................  Great Skua..........  Stercorarius skua.
                              South Polar Skua....  Stercorarius
                                                     maccormicki.
Skylark.....................  Eurasian Skylark....  Alauda arvensis.
Smew........................  Smew................  Mergellus albellus.
Snipe.......................  Common Snipe........  Gallinago gallinago.
                              Jack Snipe..........  Lymnocryptes
                                                     minimus.
                              Pin-tailed Snipe....  Gallinago stenura.
                              Solitary Snipe......  Gallinago solitaria.
                              Swinhoe's Snipe.....  Gallinago megala.
                              Wilson's Snipe......  Gallinago delicata.
Solitaire...................  Brown-backed          Myadestes
                               Solitaire.            occidentalis.
                              Townsend's Solitaire  Myadestes townsendi.
Sora........................  Sora................  Porzana carolina.
Sparrow.....................  American Tree         Spizelloides
                               Sparrow.              arborea.
                              Bachman's Sparrow...  Peucaea aestivalis.
                              Baird's Sparrow.....  Centronyx bairdii.
                              Bell's Sparrow......  Artemisiospiza
                                                     belli.
                              Black-chinned         Spizella
                               Sparrow.              atrogularis.
                              Black-throated        Amphispiza
                               Sparrow.              bilineata.
                              Botteri's Sparrow...  Peucaea botterii.
                              Brewer's Sparrow....  Spizella breweri.
                              Cassin's Sparrow....  Peucaea cassinii.
                              Chipping Sparrow....  Spizella passerina.
                              Clay-colored Sparrow  Spizella pallida.
                              Field Sparrow.......  Spizella pusilla.
                              Five-striped Sparrow  Amphispizopsis
                                                     quinquestriata.

[[Page 23]]

 
                              Fox Sparrow.........  Passerella iliaca.
                              Golden-crowned        Zonotrichia
                               Sparrow.              atricapilla.
                              Grasshopper Sparrow.  Ammodramus
                                                     savannarum.
                              Harris's Sparrow....  Zonotrichia querula.
                              Henslow's Sparrow...  Centronyx henslowii.
                              Lark Sparrow........  Chondestes
                                                     grammacus.
                              LeConte's Sparrow...  Ammospiza leconteii.
                              Lincoln's Sparrow...  Melospiza lincolnii.
                              Nelson's Sparrow....  Ammospiza nelsoni.
                              Olive Sparrow.......  Arremonops
                                                     rufivirgatus.
                              Rufous-crowned        Aimophila ruficeps.
                               Sparrow.
                              Rufous-winged         Peucaea carpalis.
                               Sparrow.
                              Sagebrush Sparrow...  Artemisiospiza
                                                     nevadensis.
                              Saltmarsh Sparrow...  Ammospiza caudacuta.
                              Savannah Sparrow....  Passerculus
                                                     sandwichensis.
                              Seaside Sparrow.....  Ammospiza maritima.
                              Song Sparrow........  Melospiza melodia.
                              Swamp Sparrow.......  Melospiza georgiana.
                              Vesper Sparrow......  Pooecetes gramineus.
                              White-crowned         Zonotrichia
                               Sparrow.              leucophrys.
                              White-throated        Zonotrichia
                               Sparrow.              albicollis.
                              Worthen's Sparrow...  Spizella wortheni.
Sparrowhawk.................  Chinese Sparrowhawk.  Accipiter soloensis.
                              Japanese Sparrowhawk  Accipiter gularis.
Spindalis...................  Puerto Rican          Spindalis
                               Spindalis.            portoricensis.
                              Western Spindalis...  Spindalis zena.
Spoonbill...................  Roseate Spoonbill...  Platalea ajaja.
Starling....................  Chestnut-cheeked      Agropsar
                               Starling.             philippensis.
                              White-cheeked         Spodiopsar
                               Starling.             cineraceus.
Starthroat..................  Plain-capped          Heliomaster
                               Starthroat.           constantii.
Stilt.......................  Black-necked Stilt..  Himantopus
                                                     mexicanus.
                              Black-winged Stilt..  Himantopus
                                                     himantopus.
Stint.......................  Little Stint........  Calidris minuta.
                              Long-toed Stint.....  Calidris subminuta.
                              Red-necked Stint....  Calidris ruficollis.
                              Temminck's Stint....  Calidris temminckii.
Stonechat...................  Asian Stonechat.....  Saxicola maurus.
Stork.......................  Wood Stork..........  Mycteria americana.
Storm-Petrel................  Ashy Storm-Petrel...  Hydrobates
                                                     homochroa.
                              Band-rumped Storm-    Hydrobates castro.
                               Petrel.
                              Black Storm-Petrel..  Hydrobates melania.
                              Black-bellied Storm-  Fregetta tropica.
                               Petrel.
                              European Storm-       Hydrobates
                               Petrel.               pelagicus.
                              Fork-tailed Storm-    Hydrobates furcatus.
                               Petrel.
                              Leach's Storm-Petrel  Hydrobates
                                                     leucorhous.
                              Least Storm-Petrel..  Hydrobates
                                                     microsoma.
                              Matsudaira's Storm-   Hydrobates
                               Petrel.               matsudairae.
                              Polynesian Storm-     Nesofregetta
                               Petrel.               fuliginosa.
                              Ringed Storm-Petrel.  Hydrobates hornbyi.
                              Swinhoe's Storm-      Hydrobates monorhis.
                               Petrel.
                              Townsend's Storm-     Hydrobates
                               Petrel.               socorroensis.
                              Tristram's Storm-     Hydrobates
                               Petrel.               tristrami.
                              Wedge-rumped Storm-   Hydrobates tethys.
                               Petrel.
                              White-bellied Storm-  Fregetta grallaria.
                               Petrel.
                              White-faced Storm-    Pelagodroma marina.
                               Petrel.
                              Wilson's Storm-       Oceanites oceanicus.
                               Petrel.
Surfbird....................  Surfbird............  Calidris virgata.
Swallow.....................  Bahama Swallow......  Tachycineta
                                                     cyaneoviridis.
                              Bank Swallow........  Riparia riparia.
                              Barn Swallow........  Hirundo rustica.
                              Blue-and-white        Pygochelidon
                               Swallow.              cyanoleuca.
                              Cave Swallow........  Petrochelidon fulva.
                              Cliff Swallow.......  Petrochelidon
                                                     pyrrhonota.
                              Mangrove Swallow....  Tachycineta
                                                     albilinea.
                              Northern Rough-       Stelgidopteryx
                               winged Swallow.       serripennis.
                              Tree Swallow........  Tachycineta bicolor.
                              Violet-green Swallow  Tachycineta
                                                     thalassina.
Swamphen....................  Purple Swamphen.....  Porphyrio porphyrio.
Swan........................  Trumpeter Swan......  Cygnus buccinator.
                              Tundra Swan.........  Cygnus columbianus.
                              Whooper Swan........  Cygnus cygnus.

[[Page 24]]

 
Swift.......................  Alpine Swift........  Apus melba.
                              Black Swift.........  Cypseloides niger.
                              Chimney Swift.......  Chaetura pelagica.
                              Common Swift........  Apus apus.
                              Fork-tailed Swift...  Apus pacificus.
                              Short-tailed Swift..  Chaetura brachyura.
                              Vaux's Swift........  Chaetura vauxi.
                              White-collared Swift  Streptoprocne
                                                     zonaris.
                              White-throated Swift  Aeronautes
                                                     saxatalis.
Swiftlet....................  Mariana Swiftlet....  Aerodramus bartschi.
                              White-rumped          Aerodramus
                               Swiftlet.             spodiopygius.
Tanager.....................  Flame-colored         Piranga bidentata.
                               Tanager.
                              Hepatic Tanager.....  Piranga flava.
                              Puerto Rican Tanager  Nesospingus
                                                     speculiferus.
                              Scarlet Tanager.....  Piranga olivacea.
                              Summer Tanager......  Piranga rubra.
                              Western Tanager.....  Piranga ludoviciana.
Tattler.....................  Gray-tailed Tattler.  Tringa brevipes.
                              Wandering Tattler...  Tringa incana.
Teal........................  Baikal Teal.........  Sibirionetta
                                                     formosa.
                              Blue-winged Teal....  Spatula discors.
                              Cinnamon Teal.......  Spatula cyanoptera.
                              Green-winged Teal...  Anas crecca.
Tern........................  Aleutian Tern.......  Onychoprion
                                                     aleuticus.
                              Arctic Tern.........  Sterna paradisaea.
                              Black Tern..........  Chlidonias niger.
                              Black-naped Tern....  Sterna sumatrana.
                              Bridled Tern........  Onychoprion
                                                     anaethetus.
                              Caspian Tern........  Hydroprogne caspia.
                              Common Tern.........  Sterna hirundo.
                              Elegant Tern........  Thalasseus elegans.
                              Forster's Tern......  Sterna forsteri.
                              Gray-backed Tern....  Onychoprion lunatus.
                              Great Crested Tern..  Thalasseus bergii.
                              Gull-billed Tern....  Gelochelidon
                                                     nilotica.
                              Inca Tern...........  Larosterna inca.
                              Large-billed Tern...  Phaetusa simplex.
                              Least Tern..........  Sternula antillarum.
                              Little Tern.........  Sternula albifrons.
                              Roseate Tern........  Sterna dougallii.
                              Royal Tern..........  Thalasseus maximus.
                              Sandwich Tern.......  Thalasseus
                                                     sandvicensis.
                              Sooty Tern..........  Onychoprion
                                                     fuscatus.
                              Whiskered Tern......  Chlidonias hybrida.
                              White Tern..........  Gygis alba.
                              White-winged Tern...  Chlidonias
                                                     leucopterus.
Thrasher....................  Bendire's Thrasher..  Toxostoma bendirei.
                              Brown Thrasher......  Toxostoma rufum.
                              California Thrasher.  Toxostoma redivivum.
                              Crissal Thrasher....  Toxostoma crissale.
                              Curve-billed          Toxostoma
                               Thrasher.             curvirostre.
                              LeConte's Thrasher..  Toxostoma lecontei.
                              Long-billed Thrasher  Toxostoma
                                                     longirostre.
                              Pearly-eyed Thrasher  Margarops fuscatus.
                              Sage Thrasher.......  Oreoscoptes
                                                     montanus.
Thrush......................  Aztec Thrush........  Ridgwayia pinicola.
                              Bicknell's Thrush...  Catharus bicknelli.
                              Clay-colored Thrush.  Turdus grayi.
                              Dusky Thrush........  Turdus eunomus.
                              Eyebrowed Thrush....  Turdus obscurus.
                              Gray-cheeked Thrush.  Catharus minimus.
                              Hermit Thrush.......  Catharus guttatus.
                              Naumann's Thrush....  Turdus naumanni.
                              Red-legged Thrush...  Turdus plumbeus.
                              Swainson's Thrush...  Catharus ustulatus.
                              Varied Thrush.......  Ixoreus naevius.
                              White-throated        Turdus assimilis.
                               Thrush.
                              Wood Thrush.........  Hylocichla
                                                     mustelina.
Tiger-Heron.................  Bare-throated Tiger-  Tigrisoma mexicanum.
                               Heron.
Titmouse....................  Black-crested         Baeolophus
                               Titmouse.             atricristatus.
                              Bridled Titmouse....  Baeolophus
                                                     wollweberi.

[[Page 25]]

 
                              Juniper Titmouse....  Baeolophus ridgwayi.
                              Oak Titmouse........  Baeolophus
                                                     inornatus.
                              Tufted Titmouse.....  Baeolophus bicolor.
Tityra......................  Masked Tityra.......  Tityra semifasciata.
Towhee......................  Abert's Towhee......  Melozone aberti.
                              California Towhee...  Melozone crissalis.
                              Canyon Towhee.......  Melozone fusca.
                              Eastern Towhee......  Pipilo
                                                     erythrophthalmus.
                              Green-tailed Towhee.  Pipilo chlorurus.
                              Spotted Towhee......  Pipilo maculatus.
Trogon......................  Elegant Trogon......  Trogon elegans.
Tropicbird..................  Red-billed            Phaethon aethereus.
                               Tropicbird.
                              Red-tailed            Phaethon rubricauda.
                               Tropicbird.
                              White-tailed          Phaethon lepturus.
                               Tropicbird.
Turnstone...................  Black Turnstone.....  Arenaria
                                                     melanocephala.
                              Ruddy Turnstone.....  Arenaria interpres.
Turtle-Dove.................  Oriental Turtle-Dove  Streptopelia
                                                     orientalis.
Veery.......................  Veery...............  Catharus fuscescens.
Verdin......................  Verdin..............  Auriparus flaviceps.
Violetear...................  Mexican Violetear...  Colibri thalassinus.
Vireo.......................  Bell's Vireo........  Vireo bellii.
                              Black-capped Vireo..  Vireo atricapilla.
                              Black-whiskered       Vireo altiloquus.
                               Vireo.
                              Blue-headed Vireo...  Vireo solitarius.
                              Cassin's Vireo......  Vireo cassinii.
                              Cuban Vireo.........  Vireo gundlachii.
                              Gray Vireo..........  Vireo vicinior.
                              Hutton's Vireo......  Vireo huttoni.
                              Philadelphia Vireo..  Vireo
                                                     philadelphicus.
                              Plumbeous Vireo.....  Vireo plumbeus.
                              Puerto Rican Vireo..  Vireo latimeri.
                              Red-eyed Vireo......  Vireo olivaceus.
                              Thick-billed Vireo..  Vireo crassirostris.
                              Warbling Vireo......  Vireo gilvus.
                              White-eyed Vireo....  Vireo griseus.
                              Yellow-green Vireo..  Vireo flavoviridis.
                              Yellow-throated       Vireo flavifrons.
                               Vireo.
                              Yucatan Vireo.......  Vireo magister.
Vulture.....................  Black Vulture.......  Coragyps atratus.
                              Turkey Vulture......  Cathartes aura.
Wagtail.....................  Citrine Wagtail.....  Motacilla citreola.
                              Eastern Yellow        Motacilla
                               Wagtail.              tschutschensis.
                              Gray Wagtail........  Motacilla cinerea.
                              White Wagtail.......  Motacilla alba.
Warbler.....................  Adelaide's Warbler..  Setophaga adelaidae.
                              Aguiguan Reed         Acrocephalus nijoi.
                               Warbler.
                              Arctic Warbler......  Phylloscopus
                                                     borealis.
                              Bachman's Warbler...  Vermivora bachmanii.
                              Bay-breasted Warbler  Setophaga castanea.
                              Black-and-white       Mniotilta varia.
                               Warbler.
                              Blackburnian Warbler  Setophaga fusca.
                              Blackpoll Warbler...  Setophaga striata.
                              Black-throated Blue   Setophaga
                               Warbler.              caerulescens.
                              Black-throated Gray   Setophaga
                               Warbler.              nigrescens.
                              Black-throated Green  Setophaga virens.
                               Warbler.
                              Blue-winged Warbler.  Vermivora
                                                     cyanoptera.
                              Blyth's Reed Warbler  Acrocephalus
                                                     dumetorum.
                              Canada Warbler......  Cardellina
                                                     canadensis.
                              Cape May Warbler....  Setophaga tigrina.
                              Cerulean Warbler....  Setophaga cerulea.
                              Chestnut-sided        Setophaga
                               Warbler.              pensylvanica.
                              Colima Warbler......  Leiothlypis
                                                     crissalis.
                              Connecticut Warbler.  Oporornis agilis.
                              Crescent-chested      Oreothlypis
                               Warbler.              superciliosa.
                              Dusky Warbler.......  Phylloscopus
                                                     fuscatus.
                              Elfin-woods Warbler.  Setophaga angelae.
                              Fan-tailed Warbler..  Basileuterus
                                                     lachrymosus.
                              Golden-cheeked        Setophaga
                               Warbler.              chrysoparia.
                              Golden-crowned        Basileuterus
                               Warbler.              culicivorus.
                              Golden-winged         Vermivora
                               Warbler.              chrysoptera.
                              Grace's Warbler.....  Setophaga graciae.

[[Page 26]]

 
                              Hermit Warbler......  Setophaga
                                                     occidentalis.
                              Hooded Warbler......  Setophaga citrina.
                              Kamchatka Leaf        Phylloscopus
                               Warbler.              examinandus.
                              Kentucky Warbler....  Geothlypis formosa.
                              Kirtland's Warbler..  Setophaga
                                                     kirtlandii.
                              Lanceolated Warbler.  Locustella
                                                     lanceolata.
                              Lucy's Warbler......  Leiothlypis luciae.
                              MacGillivray's        Geothlypis tolmiei.
                               Warbler.
                              Magnolia Warbler....  Setophaga magnolia.
                              Middendorff's         Helopsaltes
                               Grasshopper Warbler.  ochotensis.
                              Mourning Warbler....  Geothlypis
                                                     philadelphia.
                              Nashville Warbler...  Leiothlypis
                                                     ruficapilla.
                              Nightingale Reed      Acrocephalus
                               Warbler.              luscinius.
                              Olive Warbler.......  Peucedramus
                                                     taeniatus.
                              Orange-crowned        Leiothlypis celata.
                               Warbler.
                              Pagan Reed Warbler..  Acrocephalus
                                                     yamashinae.
                              Pallas's Grasshopper  Helopsaltes
                               Warbler.              certhiola.
                              Pallas's Leaf         Phylloscopus
                               Warbler.              proregulus.
                              Palm Warbler........  Setophaga palmarum.
                              Pine Warbler........  Setophaga pinus.
                              Prairie Warbler.....  Setophaga discolor.
                              Prothonotary Warbler  Protonotaria citrea.
                              Red-faced Warbler...  Cardellina
                                                     rubrifrons.
                              River Warbler.......  Locustella
                                                     fluviatilis.
                              Rufous-capped         Basileuterus
                               Warbler.              rufifrons.
                              Saipan Reed Warbler.  Acrocephalus hiwae.
                              Sedge Warbler.......  Acrocephalus
                                                     schoenobaenus.
                              Swainson's Warbler..  Limnothlypis
                                                     swainsonii.
                              Tennessee Warbler...  Leiothlypis
                                                     peregrina.
                              Thick-billed Warbler  Arundinax aedon.
                              Townsend's Warbler..  Setophaga townsendi.
                              Virginia's Warbler..  Leiothlypis
                                                     virginiae.
                              Willow Warbler......  Phylloscopus
                                                     trochilus.
                              Wilson's Warbler....  Cardellina pusilla.
                              Wood Warbler........  Phylloscopus
                                                     sibilatrix.
                              Worm-eating Warbler.  Helmitheros
                                                     vermivorum.
                              Yellow Warbler......  Setophaga petechia.
                              Yellow-browed         Phylloscopus
                               Warbler.              inornatus.
                              Yellow-rumped         Setophaga coronata.
                               Warbler.
                              Yellow-throated       Setophaga dominica.
                               Warbler.
Waterthrush.................  Louisiana             Parkesia motacilla.
                               Waterthrush.
                              Northern Waterthrush  Parkesia
                                                     noveboracensis.
Waxwing.....................  Bohemian Waxwing....  Bombycilla garrulus.
                              Cedar Waxwing.......  Bombycilla cedrorum.
Wheatear....................  Northern Wheatear...  Oenanthe oenanthe.
                              Pied Wheatear.......  Oenanthe pleschanka.
Whimbrel....................  Whimbrel............  Numenius phaeopus.
Whip-poor-will..............  Eastern Whip-poor-    Antrostomus
                               will.                 vociferus.
                              Mexican Whip-poor-    Antrostomus
                               will.                 arizonae.
Whistling-Duck..............  Black-bellied         Dendrocygna
                               Whistling-Duck.       autumnalis.
                              Fulvous Whistling-    Dendrocygna bicolor.
                               Duck.
                              West Indian           Dendrocygna arborea.
                               Whistling-Duck.
Whitethroat.................  Lesser Whitethroat..  Sylvia curruca.
Wigeon......................  American Wigeon.....  Mareca americana.
                              Eurasian Wigeon.....  Mareca penelope.
Willet......................  Willet..............  Tringa semipalmata.
Woodcock....................  American Woodcock...  Scolopax minor.
                              Eurasian Woodcock...  Scolopax rusticola.
Woodpecker..................  Acorn Woodpecker....  Melanerpes
                                                     formicivorus.
                              American Three-toed   Picoides dorsalis.
                               Woodpecker.
                              Arizona Woodpecker..  Dryobates arizonae.
                              Black-backed          Picoides arcticus.
                               Woodpecker.
                              Downy Woodpecker....  Dryobates pubescens.
                              Gila Woodpecker.....  Melanerpes
                                                     uropygialis.
                              Golden-fronted        Melanerpes
                               Woodpecker.           aurifrons.
                              Great Spotted         Dendrocopos major.
                               Woodpecker.
                              Hairy Woodpecker....  Dryobates villosus.
                              Ivory-billed          Campephilus
                               Woodpecker.           principalis.
                              Ladder-backed         Dryobates scalaris.
                               Woodpecker.
                              Lewis's Woodpecker..  Melanerpes lewis.
                              Nuttall's Woodpecker  Dryobates nuttallii.

[[Page 27]]

 
                              Pileated Woodpecker.  Dryocopus pileatus.
                              Puerto Rican          Melanerpes
                               Woodpecker.           portoricensis.
                              Red-bellied           Melanerpes
                               Woodpecker.           carolinus.
                              Red-cockaded          Dryobates borealis.
                               Woodpecker.
                              Red-headed            Melanerpes
                               Woodpecker.           erythrocephalus.
                              White-headed          Dryobates
                               Woodpecker.           albolarvatus.
Wood-Pewee..................  Eastern Wood-Pewee..  Contopus virens.
                              Western Wood-Pewee..  Contopus sordidulus.
Wood-Rail...................  Rufous-necked Wood-   Aramides axillaris.
                               Rail.
Woodstar....................  Bahama Woodstar.....  Nesophlox evelynae.
Wren........................  Bewick's Wren.......  Thryomanes bewickii.
                              Cactus Wren.........  Campylorhynchus
                                                     brunneicapillus.
                              Canyon Wren.........  Catherpes mexicanus.
                              Carolina Wren.......  Thryothorus
                                                     ludovicianus.
                              House Wren..........  Troglodytes aedon.
                              Marsh Wren..........  Cistothorus
                                                     palustris.
                              Pacific Wren........  Troglodytes
                                                     pacificus.
                              Rock Wren...........  Salpinctes
                                                     obsoletus.
                              Sedge Wren..........  Cistothorus
                                                     stellaris.
                              Sinaloa Wren........  Thryophilus sinaloa.
                              Winter Wren.........  Troglodytes
                                                     hiemalis.
Wrentit.....................  Wrentit.............  Chamaea fasciata.
Wryneck.....................  Eurasian Wryneck....  Jynx torquilla.
Yellowlegs..................  Greater Yellowlegs..  Tringa melanoleuca.
                              Lesser Yellowlegs...  Tringa flavipes.
Yellowthroat................  Common Yellowthroat.  Geothlypis trichas.
                              Gray-crowned          Geothlypis
                               Yellowthroat.         poliocephala.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Taxonomic listing. The table lists species in phylogenetic 
sequence by scientific name, with the common (English) name following 
the scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also 
provide the higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and 
Subfamily.

Table 2 to Paragraph (c)(2)--Taxonomic Listing of Birds Protected by the
                        Migratory Bird Treaty Act
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Species scientific name                Species common name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (i) Order Anseriformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             Family Anatidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      (1) Subfamily Dendrocygninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dendrocygna autumnalis.................  Black-bellied Whistling-Duck.
Dendrocygna arborea....................  West Indian Whistling-Duck.
Dendrocygna bicolor....................  Fulvous Whistling-Duck.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (2) Subfamily Anserinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anser canagicus........................  Emperor Goose.
Anser caerulescens.....................  Snow Goose.
Anser rossii...........................  Ross's Goose.
Anser albifrons........................  Greater White-fronted Goose.
Anser erythropus.......................  Lesser White-fronted Goose.
Anser fabalis..........................  Taiga Bean-Goose.
Anser serrirostris.....................  Tundra Bean-Goose.
Anser brachyrhynchus...................  Pink-footed Goose.
Branta bernicla........................  Brant.
Branta leucopsis.......................  Barnacle Goose.
Branta hutchinsii......................  Cackling Goose.
Branta canadensis......................  Canada Goose.
Branta sandvicensis....................  Hawaiian Goose.
Cygnus buccinator......................  Trumpeter Swan.
Cygnus columbianus.....................  Tundra Swan.
Cygnus cygnus..........................  Whooper Swan.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 28]]

 
                         (3) Subfamily Anatinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cairina moschata.......................  Muscovy Duck.
Aix sponsa.............................  Wood Duck.
Sibirionetta formosa...................  Baikal Teal.
Spatula querquedula....................  Garganey.
Spatula discors........................  Blue-winged Teal.
Spatula cyanoptera.....................  Cinnamon Teal.
Spatula clypeata.......................  Northern Shoveler.
Mareca strepera........................  Gadwall.
Mareca falcata.........................  Falcated Duck.
Mareca penelope........................  Eurasian Wigeon.
Mareca americana.......................  American Wigeon.
Anas laysanensis.......................  Laysan Duck
Anas wyvilliana........................  Hawaiian Duck.
Anas zonorhyncha.......................  Eastern Spot-billed Duck.
Anas platyrhynchos.....................  Mallard.
Anas diazi.............................  Mexican Duck.
Anas rubripes..........................  American Black Duck.
Anas fulvigula.........................  Mottled Duck.
Anas superciliosa......................  Pacific Black Duck.
Anas bahamensis........................  White-cheeked Pintail.
Anas acuta.............................  Northern Pintail.
Anas crecca............................  Green-winged Teal.
Aythya valisineria.....................  Canvasback.
Aythya americana.......................  Redhead.
Aythya ferina..........................  Common Pochard.
Aythya baeri...........................  Baer's Pochard.
Aythya collaris........................  Ring-necked Duck.
Aythya fuligula........................  Tufted Duck.
Aythya marila..........................  Greater Scaup.
Aythya affinis.........................  Lesser Scaup.
Polysticta stelleri....................  Steller's Eider.
Somateria fischeri.....................  Spectacled Eider.
Somateria spectabilis..................  King Eider.
Somateria mollissima...................  Common Eider.
Histrionicus histrionicus..............  Harlequin Duck.
Melanitta perspicillata................  Surf Scoter.
Melanitta deglandi.....................  White-winged Scoter.
Melanitta stejneger....................  Stejneger's Scoter.
Melanitta nigra........................  Common Scoter.
Melanitta americana....................  Black Scoter.
Clangula hyemalis......................  Long-tailed Duck.
Bucephala albeola......................  Bufflehead.
Bucephala clangula.....................  Common Goldeneye.
Bucephala islandica....................  Barrow's Goldeneye.
Mergellus albellus.....................  Smew.
Lophodytes cucullatus..................  Hooded Merganser.
Mergus merganser.......................  Common Merganser.
Mergus serrator........................  Red-breasted Merganser.
Nomonyx dominicus......................  Masked Duck.
Oxyura jamaicensis.....................  Ruddy Duck.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     (ii) Order Phoenicopteriformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Family Phoenicopteridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phoenicopterus ruber...................  American Flamingo.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      (iii) Order Podicipediformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Family Podicipedidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tachybaptus dominicus..................  Least Grebe.
Podilymbus podiceps....................  Pied-billed Grebe.
Podiceps auritus.......................  Horned Grebe.
Podiceps grisegena.....................  Red-necked Grebe.
Podiceps nigricollis...................  Eared Grebe.
Aechmophorus occidentalis..............  Western Grebe.
Aechmophorus clarkii...................  Clark's Grebe.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 29]]

 
                        (iv) Order Columbiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Family Columbidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patagioenas squamosa...................  Scaly-naped Pigeon.
Patagioenas leucocephala...............  White-crowned Pigeon.
Patagioenas flavirostris...............  Red-billed Pigeon.
Patagioenas inornata...................  Plain Pigeon.
Patagioenas fasciata...................  Band-tailed Pigeon.
Streptopelia orientalis................  Oriental Turtle-Dove.
Alopecoenas stairi.....................  Shy Ground Dove.
Alopecoenas xanthonurus................  White-throated Ground Dove.
Columbina inca.........................  Inca Dove.
Columbina passerina....................  Common Ground Dove.
Columbina talpacoti....................  Ruddy Ground Dove.
Geotrygon montana......................  Ruddy Quail-Dove.
Geotrygon chrysia......................  Key West Quail-Dove.
Geotrygon mystacea.....................  Bridled Quail-Dove.
Leptotila verreauxi....................  White-tipped Dove.
Zenaida asiatica.......................  White-winged Dove.
Zenaida aurita.........................  Zenaida Dove.
Zenaida macroura.......................  Mourning Dove.
Ptilinopus perousii....................  Many-colored Fruit-Dove.
Ptilinopus porphyraceus................  Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove.
Ptilinopus roseicapilla................  Mariana Fruit-Dove.
Ducula pacifica........................  Pacific Imperial-Pigeon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (v) Order Cuculiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Family Cuculidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (1) Subfamily Crotophaginae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crotophaga ani.........................  Smooth-billed Ani.
Crotophaga sulcirostris................  Groove-billed Ani.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (2) Subfamily Neomorphinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geococcyx californianus................  Greater Roadrunner.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (3) Subfamily Cuculinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Urodynamis taitensis...................  Long-tailed Koel.
Hierococcyx nisicolor..................  Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo.
Cuculus canorus........................  Common Cuckoo.
Cuculus optatus........................  Oriental Cuckoo.
Clamator coromandus....................  Chestnut-winged Cuckoo.
Coccyzus melacoryphus..................  Dark-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus americanus....................  Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus minor.........................  Mangrove Cuckoo.
Coccyzus erythropthalmus...............  Black-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus vieilloti.....................  Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (vi) Order Caprimulgiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Family Caprimulgidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (1) Subfamily Chordeilinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chordeiles acutipennis.................  Lesser Nighthawk.
Chordeiles minor.......................  Common Nighthawk.
Chordeiles gundlachii..................  Antillean Nighthawk.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (2) Subfamily Caprimulginae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nyctidromus albicollis.................  Common Pauraque.
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii...............  Common Poorwill.
Antrostomus carolinensis...............  Chuck-will's-widow.
Antrostomus ridgwayi...................  Buff-collared Nightjar.
Antrostomus vociferus..................  Eastern Whip-poor-will.
Antrostomus arizonae...................  Mexican Whip-poor-will.
Antrostomus noctitherus................  Puerto Rican Nightjar.

[[Page 30]]

 
Hydropsalis cayennensis................  White-tailed Nightjar.
Caprimulgus jotaka.....................  Gray Nightjar.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (vii) Order Apodiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (A) Family Apodidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (1) Subfamily Cypseloidinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cypseloides niger......................  Black Swift.
Streptoprocne zonaris..................  White-collared Swift.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (2) Subfamily Chaeturinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chaetura pelagica......................  Chimney Swift.
Chaetura vauxi.........................  Vaux's Swift.
Chaetura brachyura.....................  Short-tailed Swift.
Hirundapus caudacutus..................  White-throated Needletail.
Aerodramus spodiopygius................  White-rumped Swiftlet.
Aerodramus bartschi....................  Mariana Swiftlet.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (3) Subfamily Apodinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apus apus..............................  Common Swift.
Apus pacificus.........................  Fork-tailed Swift.
Apus melba.............................  Alpine Swift.
Aeronautes saxatalis...................  White-throated Swift.
Tachornis phoenicobia..................  Antillean Palm-Swift.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (B) Family Trochilidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Subfamily Trochilinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colibri thalassinus....................  Mexican Violetear.
Anthracothorax prevostii...............  Green-breasted Mango.
Anthracothorax aurulentus..............  Puerto Rican Mango.
Anthracothorax viridis.................  Green Mango.
Eulampis jugularis.....................  Purple-throated Carib.
Eulampis holosericeus..................  Green-throated Carib.
Eugenes fulgens........................  Rivoli's Hummingbird.
Heliomaster constantii.................  Plain-capped Starthroat.
Lampornis amethystinus.................  Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem.
Lampornis clemenciae...................  Blue-throated Mountain-gem.
Calothorax lucifer.....................  Lucifer Hummingbird.
Archilochus colubris...................  Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
Archilochus alexandri..................  Black-chinned Hummingbird.
Mellisuga minima.......................  Vervain Hummingbird.
Nesophlox evelynae.....................  Bahama Woodstar.
Calypte anna...........................  Anna's Hummingbird.
Calypte costae.........................  Costa's Hummingbird.
Selasphorus calliope...................  Calliope Hummingbird.
Selasphorus rufus......................  Rufous Hummingbird.
Selasphorus sasin......................  Allen's Hummingbird.
Selasphorus platycercus................  Broad-tailed Hummingbird.
Selasphorus heloisa....................  Bumblebee Hummingbird.
Riccordia maugaeus.....................  Puerto Rican Emerald.
Cynanthus latirostris..................  Broad-billed Hummingbird.
Basilinna leucotis.....................  White-eared Hummingbird.
Basilinna xantusii.....................  Xantus's Hummingbird.
Orthorhyncus cristatus.................  Antillean Crested Hummingbird.
Ramosomyia violiceps...................  Violet-crowned Hummingbird.
Saucerottia beryllina..................  Berylline Hummingbird.
Amazilia rutila........................  Cinnamon Hummingbird.
Amazilia yucatanensis..................  Buff-bellied Hummingbird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (viii) Order Gruiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (A) Family Rallidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gallirallus philippensis...............  Buff-banded Rail.
Gallirallus owstoni....................  Guam Rail.
Neocrex erythrops......................  Paint-billed Crake.

[[Page 31]]

 
Pardirallus maculatus..................  Spotted Rail.
Aramides axillaris.....................  Rufous-necked Wood-Rail.
Rallus obsoletus.......................  Ridgway's Rail.
Rallus elegans.........................  King Rail.
Rallus crepitans.......................  Clapper Rail.
Rallus limicola........................  Virginia Rail.
Crex crex..............................  Corn Crake.
Porzana carolina.......................  Sora.
Gallinula galeata......................  Common Gallinule.
Gallinula chloropus....................  Eurasian Moorhen.
Fulica atra............................  Eurasian Coot.
Fulica alai............................  Hawaiian Coot.
Fulica americana.......................  American Coot.
Porphyrio martinicus...................  Purple Gallinule.
Porphyrio flavirostris.................  Azure Gallinule.
Porphyrio porphyrio....................  Purple Swamphen.
Porzana tabuensis......................  Spotless Crake.
Coturnicops noveboracensis.............  Yellow Rail.
Hapalocrex flaviventer.................  Yellow-breasted Crake.
Laterallus jamaicensis.................  Black Rail.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (B) Family Aramidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aramus guarauna........................  Limpkin.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (C) Family Gruidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Subfamily Gruinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Antigone canadensis....................  Sandhill Crane.
Grus grus..............................  Common Crane.
Grus monacha...........................  Hooded Crane.
Grus americana.........................  Whooping Crane.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (ix) Order Charadriiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (A) Family Recurvirostridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Himantopus himantopus..................  Black-winged Stilt.
Himantopus mexicanus...................  Black-necked Stilt.
Recurvirostra americana................  American Avocet.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (B) Family Haematopodidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Haematopus ostralegus..................  Eurasian Oystercatcher.
Haematopus palliatus...................  American Oystercatcher.
Haematopus bachmani....................  Black Oystercatcher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (C) Family Charadriidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (1) Subfamily Vanellinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vanellus vanellus......................  Northern Lapwing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (2) Subfamily Charadriinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pluvialis squatarola...................  Black-bellied Plover.
Pluvialis apricaria....................  European Golden-Plover.
Pluvialis dominica.....................  American Golden-Plover.
Pluvialis fulva........................  Pacific Golden-Plover.
Charadrius morinellus..................  Eurasian Dotterel.
Charadrius vociferus...................  Killdeer.
Charadrius hiaticula...................  Common Ringed Plover.
Charadrius semipalmatus................  Semipalmated Plover.
Charadrius melodus.....................  Piping Plover.
Charadrius dubius......................  Little Ringed Plover.
Charadrius mongolus....................  Lesser Sand-Plover.
Charadrius leschenaultii...............  Greater Sand-Plover.
Charadrius wilsonia....................  Wilson's Plover.
Charadrius collaris....................  Collared Plover.
Charadrius alexandrinus................  Kentish Plover.
Charadrius montanus....................  Mountain Plover.

[[Page 32]]

 
Charadrius nivosus.....................  Snowy Plover.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (D) Family Jacanidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jacana spinosa.........................  Northern Jacana.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (E) Family Scolopacidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (1) Subfamily Numeniinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bartramia longicauda...................  Upland Sandpiper.
Numenius tahitiensis...................  Bristle-thighed Curlew.
Numenius phaeopus......................  Whimbrel.
Numenius minutus.......................  Little Curlew.
Numenius borealis......................  Eskimo Curlew.
Numenius americanus....................  Long-billed Curlew.
Numenius madagascariensis..............  Far Eastern Curlew.
Numenius arquata.......................  Eurasian Curlew.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (2) Subfamily Limosinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Limosa lapponica.......................  Bar-tailed Godwit.
Limosa limosa..........................  Black-tailed Godwit.
Limosa haemastica......................  Hudsonian Godwit.
Limosa fedoa...........................  Marbled Godwit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (3) Subfamily Arenariinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arenaria interpres.....................  Ruddy Turnstone.
Arenaria melanocephala.................  Black Turnstone.
Calidris tenuirostris..................  Great Knot.
Calidris canutus.......................  Red Knot.
Calidris virgata.......................  Surfbird.
Calidris pugnax........................  Ruff.
Calidris falcinellus...................  Broad-billed Sandpiper.
Calidris acuminata.....................  Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.
Calidris himantopus....................  Stilt Sandpiper.
Calidris ferruginea....................  Curlew Sandpiper.
Calidris temminckii....................  Temminck's Stint.
Calidris subminuta.....................  Long-toed Stint.
Calidris pygmea........................  Spoon-billed Sandpiper.
Calidris ruficollis....................  Red-necked Stint.
Calidris alba..........................  Sanderling.
Calidris alpina........................  Dunlin.
Calidris ptilocnemis...................  Rock Sandpiper.
Calidris maritima......................  Purple Sandpiper.
Calidris bairdii.......................  Baird's Sandpiper.
Calidris minuta........................  Little Stint.
Calidris minutilla.....................  Least Sandpiper.
Calidris fuscicollis...................  White-rumped Sandpiper.
Calidris subruficollis.................  Buff-breasted Sandpiper.
Calidris melanotos.....................  Pectoral Sandpiper.
Calidris pusilla.......................  Semipalmated Sandpiper.
Calidris mauri.........................  Western Sandpiper.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (4) Subfamily Scolopacinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Limnodromus griseus....................  Short-billed Dowitcher.
Limnodromus scolopaceus................  Long-billed Dowitcher.
Lymnocryptes minimus...................  Jack Snipe.
Scolopax rusticola.....................  Eurasian Woodcock.
Scolopax minor.........................  American Woodcock.
Gallinago solitaria....................  Solitary Snipe.
Gallinago stenura......................  Pin-tailed Snipe.
Gallinago megala.......................  Swinhoe's Snipe.
Gallinago gallinago....................  Common Snipe.
Gallinago delicata.....................  Wilson's Snipe.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (5) Subfamily Tringinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xenus cinereus.........................  Terek Sandpiper.
Actitis hypoleucos.....................  Common Sandpiper.

[[Page 33]]

 
Actitis macularius.....................  Spotted Sandpiper.
Tringa ochropus........................  Green Sandpiper.
Tringa solitaria.......................  Solitary Sandpiper.
Tringa brevipes........................  Gray-tailed Tattler.
Tringa incana..........................  Wandering Tattler.
Tringa flavipes........................  Lesser Yellowlegs.
Tringa semipalmata.....................  Willet.
Tringa erythropus......................  Spotted Redshank.
Tringa nebularia.......................  Common Greenshank.
Tringa guttifer........................  Nordmann's Greenshank.
Tringa melanoleuca.....................  Greater Yellowlegs.
Tringa totanus.........................  Common Redshank.
Tringa glareola........................  Wood Sandpiper.
Tringa stagnatilis.....................  Marsh Sandpiper.
Phalaropus tricolor....................  Wilson's Phalarope.
Phalaropus lobatus.....................  Red-necked Phalarope.
Phalaropus fulicarius..................  Red Phalarope.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (F) Family Stercorariidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stercorarius skua......................  Great Skua.
Stercorarius maccormicki...............  South Polar Skua.
Stercorarius pomarinus.................  Pomarine Jaeger.
Stercorarius parasiticus...............  Parasitic Jaeger.
Stercorarius longicaudus...............  Long-tailed Jaeger.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (G) Family Alcidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alle alle..............................  Dovekie.
Uria aalge.............................  Common Murre.
Uria lomvia............................  Thick-billed Murre.
Alca torda.............................  Razorbill.
Cepphus grylle.........................  Black Guillemot.
Cepphus columba........................  Pigeon Guillemot.
Brachyramphus perdix...................  Long-billed Murrelet.
Brachyramphus marmoratus...............  Marbled Murrelet
Brachyramphus brevirostris.............  Kittlitz's Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus scrippsi..............  Scripps's Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus............  Guadalupe Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus craveri...............  Craveri's Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus antiquus..............  Ancient Murrelet.
Ptychoramphus aleuticus................  Cassin's Auklet.
Aethia psittacula......................  Parakeet Auklet.
Aethia pusilla.........................  Least Auklet.
Aethia pygmaea.........................  Whiskered Auklet.
Aethia cristatella.....................  Crested Auklet.
Cerorhinca monocerata..................  Rhinoceros Auklet.
Fratercula arctica.....................  Atlantic Puffin.
Fratercula corniculata.................  Horned Puffin.
Fratercula cirrhata....................  Tufted Puffin.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (H) Family Laridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (1) Subfamily Larinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Creagrus furcatus......................  Swallow-tailed Gull.
Rissa tridactyla.......................  Black-legged Kittiwake.
Rissa brevirostris.....................  Red-legged Kittiwake.
Pagophila eburnea......................  Ivory Gull.
Xema sabini............................  Sabine's Gull.
Chroicocephalus philadelphia...........  Bonaparte's Gull.
Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus..........  Gray-hooded Gull.
Chroicocephalus ridibundus.............  Black-headed Gull.
Hydrocoloeus minutus...................  Little Gull.
Rhodostethia rosea.....................  Ross's Gull.
Leucophaeus atricilla..................  Laughing Gull.
Leucophaeus pipixcan...................  Franklin's Gull.
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus................  Pallas's Gull.
Larus belcheri.........................  Belcher's Gull.
Larus crassirostris....................  Black-tailed Gull.
Larus heermanni........................  Heermann's Gull.

[[Page 34]]

 
Larus canus............................  Common Gull.
Larus brachyrhynchus...................  Short-billed Gull.
Larus delawarensis.....................  Ring-billed Gull.
Larus occidentalis.....................  Western Gull.
Larus livens...........................  Yellow-footed Gull.
Larus californicus.....................  California Gull.
Larus argentatus.......................  Herring Gull.
Larus michahellis......................  Yellow-legged Gull.
Larus glaucoides.......................  Iceland Gull.
Larus fuscus...........................  Lesser Black-backed Gull.
Larus schistisagus.....................  Slaty-backed Gull.
Larus glaucescens......................  Glaucous-winged Gull.
Larus hyperboreus......................  Glaucous Gull.
Larus marinus..........................  Great Black-backed Gull.
Larus dominicanus......................  Kelp Gull.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (2) Subfamily Sterninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anous stolidus.........................  Brown Noddy.
Anous minutus..........................  Black Noddy.
Anous ceruleus.........................  Blue-gray Noddy.
Gygis alba.............................  White Tern.
Onychoprion fuscatus...................  Sooty Tern.
Onychoprion lunatus....................  Gray-backed Tern.
Onychoprion anaethetus.................  Bridled Tern.
Onychoprion aleuticus..................  Aleutian Tern.
Sternula albifrons.....................  Little Tern.
Sternula antillarum....................  Least Tern.
Phaetusa simplex.......................  Large-billed Tern.
Gelochelidon nilotica..................  Gull-billed Tern.
Hydroprogne caspia.....................  Caspian Tern.
Larosterna inca........................  Inca Tern.
Chlidonias niger.......................  Black Tern.
Chlidonias leucopterus.................  White-winged Tern.
Chlidonias hybrida.....................  Whiskered Tern.
Sterna dougallii.......................  Roseate Tern.
Sterna sumatrana.......................  Black-naped Tern.
Sterna hirundo.........................  Common Tern.
Sterna paradisaea......................  Arctic Tern.
Sterna forsteri........................  Forster's Tern.
Thalasseus maximus.....................  Royal Tern.
Thalasseus bergii......................  Great Crested Tern.
Thalasseus sandvicensis................  Sandwich Tern.
Thalasseus elegans.....................  Elegant Tern.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (3) Subfamily Rynchopinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rynchops niger.........................  Black Skimmer.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (x) Order Phaethontiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Family Phaethontidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phaethon lepturus......................  White-tailed Tropicbird.
Phaethon aethereus.....................  Red-billed Tropicbird.
Phaethon rubricauda....................  Red-tailed Tropicbird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (xi) Order Gaviiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             Family Gaviidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gavia stellata.........................  Red-throated Loon.
Gavia arctica..........................  Arctic Loon.
Gavia pacifica.........................  Pacific Loon.
Gavia immer............................  Common Loon.
Gavia adamsii..........................  Yellow-billed Loon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      (xii) Order Procellariiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (A) Family Diomedeidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thalassarche chlororhynchos............  Yellow-nosed Albatross.

[[Page 35]]

 
Thalassarche cauta.....................  White-capped Albatross.
Thalassarche eremita...................  Chatham Albatross.
Thalassarche salvini...................  Salvin's Albatross.
Thalassarche melanophris...............  Black-browed Albatross.
Phoebetria palpebrata..................  Light-mantled Albatross.
Diomedea exulans.......................  Wandering Albatross.
Phoebastria immutabilis................  Laysan Albatross.
Phoebastria nigripes...................  Black-footed Albatross.
Phoebastria albatrus...................  Short-tailed Albatross.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (B) Family Oceanitidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Family Phaethontidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oceanites oceanicus....................  Wilson's Storm-Petrel.
Pelagodroma marina.....................  White-faced Storm-Petrel.
Fregetta grallaria.....................  White-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Fregetta tropica.......................  Black-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Nesofregetta fuliginosa................  Polynesian Storm-Petrel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (C) Family Hydrobatidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydrobates pelagicus...................  European Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates furcatus....................  Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates hornbyi.....................  Ringed Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates monorhis....................  Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates leucorhous..................  Leach's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates socorroensis................  Townsend's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates homochroa...................  Ashy Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates castro......................  Band-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates tethys......................  Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates melania.....................  Black Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates matsudairae.................  Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates tristrami...................  Tristram's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates microsoma...................  Least Storm-Petrel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (D) Family Procellariidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Macronectes halli......................  Northern Giant-Petrel.
Fulmarus glacialis.....................  Northern Fulmar.
Pterodroma gouldi......................  Gray-faced Petrel.
Pterodroma solandri....................  Providence Petrel.
Pterodroma neglecta....................  Kermadec Petrel.
Pterodroma arminjoniana................  Trindade Petrel.
Pterodroma heraldica...................  Herald Petrel.
Pterodroma ultima......................  Murphy's Petrel.
Pterodroma inexpectata.................  Mottled Petrel.
Pterodroma cahow.......................  Bermuda Petrel.
Pterodroma hasitata....................  Black-capped Petrel.
Pterodroma externa.....................  Juan Fernandez Petrel.
Pterodroma sandwichensis...............  Hawaiian Petrel.
Pterodroma cervicalis..................  White-necked Petrel.
Pterodroma hypoleuca...................  Bonin Petrel.
Pterodroma nigripennis.................  Black-winged Petrel.
Pterodroma feae........................  Fea's Petrel.
Pterodroma madeira.....................  Zino's Petrel.
Pterodroma cookii......................  Cook's Petrel.
Pterodroma leucoptera..................  Gould's Petrel.
Pterodroma longirostris................  Stejneger's Petrel.
Pterodroma alba........................  Phoenix Petrel.
Pseudobulweria rostrata................  Tahiti Petrel.
Bulweria bulwerii......................  Bulwer's Petrel.
Bulweria fallax........................  Jouanin's Petrel.
Procellaria aequinoctialis.............  White-chinned Petrel.
Procellaria parkinsoni.................  Parkinson's Petrel.
Calonectris leucomelas.................  Streaked Shearwater.
Calonectris diomedea...................  Cory's Shearwater.
Calonectris edwardsii..................  Cape Verde Shearwater.
Ardenna pacifica.......................  Wedge-tailed Shearwater.
Ardenna bulleri........................  Buller's Shearwater.
Ardenna tenuirostris...................  Short-tailed Shearwater.

[[Page 36]]

 
Ardenna grisea.........................  Sooty Shearwater.
Ardenna gravis.........................  Great Shearwater.
Ardenna creatopus......................  Pink-footed Shearwater.
Ardenna carneipes......................  Flesh-footed Shearwater.
Puffinus nativitatis...................  Christmas Shearwater.
Puffinus puffinus......................  Manx Shearwater.
Puffinus newelli.......................  Newell's Shearwater.
Puffinus bryani........................  Bryan's Shearwater.
Puffinus opisthomelas..................  Black-vented Shearwater.
Puffinus lherminieri...................  Audubon's Shearwater.
Puffinus baroli........................  Barolo Shearwater.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (xiii) Order Ciconiiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Family Ciconiidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jabiru mycteria........................  Jabiru.
Mycteria americana.....................  Wood Stork.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (xiv) Order Suliformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (A) Family Fregatidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fregata ariel..........................  Lesser Frigatebird.
Fregata magnificens....................  Magnificent Frigatebird.
Fregata minor..........................  Great Frigatebird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (B) Family Sulidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sula dactylatra........................  Masked Booby.
Sula granti............................  Nazca Booby.
Sula nebouxii..........................  Blue-footed Booby.
Sula leucogaster.......................  Brown Booby.
Sula sula..............................  Red-footed Booby.
Papasula abbotti.......................  Abbott's Booby.
Morus bassanus.........................  Northern Gannet.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (C) Family Anhingidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anhinga anhinga........................  Anhinga.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      (D) Family Phalacrocoracidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microcarbo melanoleucos................  Little Pied Cormorant.
Urile penicillatus.....................  Brandt's Cormorant.
Urile urile............................  Red-faced Cormorant.
Urile pelagicus........................  Pelagic Cormorant.
Phalacrocorax carbo....................  Great Cormorant.
Nannopterum auritum....................  Double-crested Cormorant.
Nannopterum brasilianum................  Neotropic Cormorant.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (xv) Order Pelecaniformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (A) Family Pelecanidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos..............  American White Pelican.
Pelecanus occidentalis.................  Brown Pelican.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (B) Family Ardeidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Botaurus lentiginosus..................  American Bittern.
Ixobrychus sinensis....................  Yellow Bittern.
Ixobrychus exilis......................  Least Bittern.
Ixobrychus eurhythmus..................  Schrenck's Bittern.
Ixobrychus flavicollis.................  Black Bittern.
Tigrisoma mexicanum....................  Bare-throated Tiger-Heron.
Ardea herodias.........................  Great Blue Heron.
Ardea cinerea..........................  Gray Heron.
Ardea alba.............................  Great Egret.
Ardea intermedia.......................  Intermediate Egret.
Egretta eulophotes.....................  Chinese Egret.
Egretta garzetta.......................  Little Egret.

[[Page 37]]

 
Egretta sacra..........................  Pacific Reef-Heron.
Egretta gularis........................  Western Reef-Heron.
Egretta thula..........................  Snowy Egret.
Egretta caerulea.......................  Little Blue Heron.
Egretta tricolor.......................  Tricolored Heron.
Egretta rufescens......................  Reddish Egret.
Bubulcus ibis..........................  Cattle Egret.
Ardeola bacchus........................  Chinese Pond-Heron.
Butorides virescens....................  Green Heron.
Nycticorax nycticorax..................  Black-crowned Night-Heron.
Nycticorax caledonicus.................  Nankeen Night-Heron.
Nyctanassa violacea....................  Yellow-crowned Night-Heron.
Gorsachius goisagi.....................  Japanese Night-Heron.
Gorsachius melanolophus................  Malayan Night-Heron.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      (C) Family Threskiornithidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     (1) Subfamily Threskiornithinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eudocimus albus........................  White Ibis.
Eudocimus ruber........................  Scarlet Ibis.
Plegadis falcinellus...................  Glossy Ibis.
Plegadis chihi.........................  White-faced Ibis.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (2) Subfamily Plataleinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Platalea ajaja.........................  Roseate Spoonbill.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (xvi) Order Carthartiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           Family Cathartidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gymnogyps californianus................  California Condor.
Coragyps atratus.......................  Black Vulture.
Cathartes aura.........................  Turkey Vulture.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      (xvii) Order Accipitriformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (A) Family Pandionidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pandion haliaetus......................  Osprey.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (B) Family Accipitridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (1) Subfamily Elaninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elanus leucurus........................  White-tailed Kite.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (2) Subfamily Gypaetinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chondrohierax uncinatus................  Hook-billed Kite.
Elanoides forficatus...................  Swallow-tailed Kite.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (3) Subfamily Accipitrinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aquila chrysaetos......................  Golden Eagle.
Harpagus bidentatus....................  Double-toothed Kite.
Circus hudsonius.......................  Northern Harrier.
Circus spilonotus......................  Eastern Marsh-Harrier.
Accipiter soloensis....................  Chinese Sparrowhawk.
Accipiter gularis......................  Japanese Sparrowhawk.
Accipiter striatus.....................  Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Accipiter cooperii.....................  Cooper's Hawk.
Accipiter gentilis.....................  Northern Goshawk.
Milvus migrans.........................  Black Kite.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus...............  Bald Eagle.
Haliaeetus albicilla...................  White-tailed Eagle.
Haliaeetus pelagicus...................  Steller's Sea-Eagle.
Ictinia mississippiensis...............  Mississippi Kite.
Butastur indicus.......................  Gray-faced Buzzard.
Geranospiza caerulescens...............  Crane Hawk.
Rostrhamus sociabilis..................  Snail Kite.

[[Page 38]]

 
Buteogallus anthracinus................  Common Black Hawk.
Buteogallus urubitinga.................  Great Black Hawk.
Rupornis magnirostris..................  Roadside Hawk.
Parabuteo unicinctus...................  Harris's Hawk.
Geranoaetus albicaudatus...............  White-tailed Hawk.
Buteo plagiatus........................  Gray Hawk.
Buteo lineatus.........................  Red-shouldered Hawk.
Buteo platypterus......................  Broad-winged Hawk.
Buteo solitarius.......................  Hawaiian Hawk.
Buteo brachyurus.......................  Short-tailed Hawk.
Buteo swainsoni........................  Swainson's Hawk.
Buteo albonotatus......................  Zone-tailed Hawk.
Buteo jamaicensis......................  Red-tailed Hawk.
Buteo lagopus..........................  Rough-legged Hawk.
Buteo regalis..........................  Ferruginous Hawk.
Buteo rufinus..........................  Long-legged Buzzard.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (xviii) Order Strigiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (A) Family Tytonidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tyto alba..............................  Barn Owl.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (B) Family Strigidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Otus sunia.............................  Oriental Scops-Owl.
Psiloscops flammeolus..................  Flammulated Owl.
Gymnasio nudipes.......................  Puerto Rican Owl.
Megascops trichopsis...................  Whiskered Screech-Owl.
Megascops kennicottii..................  Western Screech-Owl.
Megascops asio.........................  Eastern Screech-Owl.
Bubo virginianus.......................  Great Horned Owl.
Bubo scandiacus........................  Snowy Owl.
Surnia ulula...........................  Northern Hawk Owl.
Glaucidium gnoma.......................  Northern Pygmy-Owl.
Glaucidium brasilianum.................  Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl.
Micrathene whitneyi....................  Elf Owl.
Athene cunicularia.....................  Burrowing Owl.
Strix occidentalis.....................  Spotted Owl.
Strix varia............................  Barred Owl.
Strix virgata..........................  Mottled Owl.
Strix nebulosa.........................  Great Gray Owl.
Asio otus..............................  Long-eared Owl.
Asio stygius...........................  Stygian Owl.
Asio flammeus..........................  Short-eared Owl.
Aegolius funereus......................  Boreal Owl.
Aegolius acadicus......................  Northern Saw-whet Owl.
Ninox japonica.........................  Northern Boobook.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (xix) Order Trogoniformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Family Trogonidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Subfamily Trogoninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trogon elegans.........................  Elegant Trogon.
Euptilotis neoxenus....................  Eared Quetzal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (xx) Order Upupiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             Family Upupidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Upupa epops............................  Eurasian Hoopoe.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (xxi) Order Coraciiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           Family Alcedinidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (1) Subfamily Alcedininae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alcedo atthis..........................  Common Kingfisher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 39]]

 
                        (2) Subfamily Halcyoninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Todiramphus sacer......................  Pacific Kingfisher.
Todiramphus cinnamominus...............  Guam Kingfisher.
Todiramphus albicilla..................  Mariana Kingfisher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (3) Subfamily Cerylinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Megaceryle torquata....................  Ringed Kingfisher.
Megaceryle alcyon......................  Belted Kingfisher.
Chloroceryle amazona...................  Amazon Kingfisher.
Chloroceryle americana.................  Green Kingfisher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (xxii) Order Piciformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             Family Picidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (1) Subfamily Jynginae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jynx torquilla.........................  Eurasian Wryneck.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (2) Subfamily Picinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Melanerpes lewis.......................  Lewis's Woodpecker.
Melanerpes portoricensis...............  Puerto Rican Woodpecker.
Melanerpes erythrocephalus.............  Red-headed Woodpecker.
Melanerpes formicivorus................  Acorn Woodpecker.
Melanerpes uropygialis.................  Gila Woodpecker.
Melanerpes aurifrons...................  Golden-fronted Woodpecker.
Melanerpes carolinus...................  Red-bellied Woodpecker.
Sphyrapicus thyroideus.................  Williamson's Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus varius.....................  Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus nuchalis...................  Red-naped Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus ruber......................  Red-breasted Sapsucker.
Picoides dorsalis......................  American Three-toed Woodpecker.
Picoides arcticus......................  Black-backed Woodpecker.
Dendrocopos major......................  Great Spotted Woodpecker.
Dryobates pubescens....................  Downy Woodpecker.
Dryobates nuttallii....................  Nuttall's Woodpecker.
Dryobates scalaris.....................  Ladder-backed Woodpecker.
Dryobates borealis.....................  Red-cockaded Woodpecker.
Dryobates villosus.....................  Hairy Woodpecker.
Dryobates albolarvatus.................  White-headed Woodpecker.
Dryobates arizonae.....................  Arizona Woodpecker.
Colaptes auratus.......................  Northern Flicker.
Colaptes chrysoides....................  Gilded Flicker.
Dryocopus pileatus.....................  Pileated Woodpecker.
Campephilus principalis................  Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (xxiii) Order Falconiformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Family Falconidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      (1) Subfamily Herpetotherinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Micrastur semitorquatus................  Collared Forest-Falcon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (2) Subfamily Falconinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Caracara plancus.......................  Crested Caracara.
Falco tinnunculus......................  Eurasian Kestrel.
Falco sparverius.......................  American Kestrel.
Falco vespertinus......................  Red-footed Falcon.
Falco amurensis........................  Amur Falcon.
Falco columbarius......................  Merlin.
Falco subbuteo.........................  Eurasian Hobby.
Falco femoralis........................  Aplomado Falcon.
Falco rusticolus.......................  Gyrfalcon.
Falco peregrinus.......................  Peregrine Falcon.
Falco mexicanus........................  Prairie Falcon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 40]]

 
                       (xxiv) Order Passeriformes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (A) Family Tityridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tityra semifasciata....................  Masked Tityra.
Pachyramphus major.....................  Gray-collared Becard.
Pachyramphus aglaiae...................  Rose-throated Becard.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (B) Family Tyrannidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (1) Subfamily Elaeniinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Camptostoma imberbe....................  Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet.
Myiopagis viridicata...................  Greenish Elaenia.
Elaenia martinica......................  Caribbean Elaenia.
Elaenia albiceps.......................  White-crested Elaenia.
Elaenia parvirostris...................  Small-billed Elaenia.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (2) Subfamily Tyranninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Myiarchus tuberculifer.................  Dusky-capped Flycatcher.
Myiarchus cinerascens..................  Ash-throated Flycatcher.
Myiarchus nuttingi.....................  Nutting's Flycatcher.
Myiarchus crinitus.....................  Great Crested Flycatcher.
Myiarchus tyrannulus...................  Brown-crested Flycatcher.
Myiarchus sagrae.......................  La Sagra's Flycatcher.
Myiarchus antillarum...................  Puerto Rican Flycatcher.
Pitangus sulphuratus...................  Great Kiskadee.
Myiozetetes similis....................  Social Flycatcher.
Myiodynastes luteiventris..............  Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher.
Legatus leucophaius....................  Piratic Flycatcher.
Empidonomus varius.....................  Variegated Flycatcher.
Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus......  Crowned Slaty Flycatcher.
Tyrannus melancholicus.................  Tropical Kingbird.
Tyrannus couchii.......................  Couch's Kingbird.
Tyrannus vociferans....................  Cassin's Kingbird.
Tyrannus crassirostris.................  Thick-billed Kingbird.
Tyrannus verticalis....................  Western Kingbird.
Tyrannus tyrannus......................  Eastern Kingbird.
Tyrannus dominicensis..................  Gray Kingbird.
Tyrannus caudifasciatus................  Loggerhead Kingbird.
Tyrannus forficatus....................  Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.
Tyrannus savana........................  Fork-tailed Flycatcher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (3) Subfamily Fluvicolinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mitrephanes phaeocercus................  Tufted Flycatcher.
Contopus cooperi.......................  Olive-sided Flycatcher.
Contopus pertinax......................  Greater Pewee.
Contopus sordidulus....................  Western Wood-Pewee.
Contopus virens........................  Eastern Wood-Pewee.
Contopus caribaeus.....................  Cuban Pewee.
Contopus hispaniolensis................  Hispaniolan Pewee.
Contopus latirostris...................  Lesser Antillean Pewee.
Empidonax flaviventris.................  Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
Empidonax virescens....................  Acadian Flycatcher.
Empidonax alnorum......................  Alder Flycatcher.
Empidonax traillii.....................  Willow Flycatcher.
Empidonax minimus......................  Least Flycatcher.
Empidonax hammondii....................  Hammond's Flycatcher.
Empidonax wrightii.....................  Gray Flycatcher.
Empidonax oberholseri..................  Dusky Flycatcher.
Empidonax affinis......................  Pine Flycatcher.
Empidonax difficilis...................  Pacific-slope Flycatcher.
Empidonax occidentalis.................  Cordilleran Flycatcher.
Empidonax fulvifrons...................  Buff-breasted Flycatcher.
Sayornis nigricans.....................  Black Phoebe.
Sayornis phoebe........................  Eastern Phoebe.
Sayornis saya..........................  Say's Phoebe.
Pyrocephalus rubinus...................  Vermilion Flycatcher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 41]]

 
                          (C) Family Vireonidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vireo atricapilla......................  Black-capped Vireo.
Vireo griseus..........................  White-eyed Vireo.
Vireo crassirostris....................  Thick-billed Vireo.
Vireo gundlachii.......................  Cuban Vireo.
Vireo latimeri.........................  Puerto Rican Vireo.
Vireo bellii...........................  Bell's Vireo.
Vireo vicinior.........................  Gray Vireo.
Vireo huttoni..........................  Hutton's Vireo.
Vireo flavifrons.......................  Yellow-throated Vireo.
Vireo cassinii.........................  Cassin's Vireo.
Vireo solitarius.......................  Blue-headed Vireo.
Vireo plumbeus.........................  Plumbeous Vireo.
Vireo philadelphicus...................  Philadelphia Vireo.
Vireo gilvus...........................  Warbling Vireo.
Vireo olivaceus........................  Red-eyed Vireo.
Vireo flavoviridis.....................  Yellow-green Vireo.
Vireo altiloquus.......................  Black-whiskered Vireo.
Vireo magister.........................  Yucatan Vireo.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (D) Family Laniidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lanius cristatus.......................  Brown Shrike.
Lanius ludovicianus....................  Loggerhead Shrike.
Lanius borealis........................  Northern Shrike.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (E) Family Corvidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perisoreus canadensis..................  Canada Jay.
Psilorhinus morio......................  Brown Jay.
Cyanocorax yncas.......................  Green Jay.
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus..............  Pinyon Jay.
Cyanocitta stelleri....................  Steller's Jay.
Cyanocitta cristata....................  Blue Jay.
Aphelocoma coerulescens................  Florida Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma insularis...................  Island Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma californica.................  California Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma woodhouseii.................  Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma wollweberi..................  Mexican Jay.
Nucifraga columbiana...................  Clark's Nutcracker.
Pica hudsonia..........................  Black-billed Magpie.
Pica nuttalli..........................  Yellow-billed Magpie.
Corvus monedula........................  Eurasian Jackdaw.
Corvus kubaryi.........................  Mariana Crow.
Corvus brachyrhynchos..................  American Crow.
Corvus leucognaphalus..................  White-necked Crow.
Corvus imparatus.......................  Tamaulipas Crow.
Corvus ossifragus......................  Fish Crow.
Corvus hawaiiensis.....................  Hawaiian Crow.
Corvus cryptoleucus....................  Chihuahuan Raven.
Corvus corax...........................  Common Raven.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (F) Family Remizidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Auriparus flaviceps....................  Verdin.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (G) Family Paridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Poecile carolinensis...................  Carolina Chickadee.
Poecile atricapillus...................  Black-capped Chickadee.
Poecile gambeli........................  Mountain Chickadee.
Poecile sclateri.......................  Mexican Chickadee.
Poecile rufescens......................  Chestnut-backed Chickadee.
Poecile hudsonicus.....................  Boreal Chickadee.
Poecile cinctus........................  Gray-headed Chickadee.
Baeolophus wollweberi..................  Bridled Titmouse.
Baeolophus inornatus...................  Oak Titmouse.
Baeolophus ridgwayi....................  Juniper Titmouse.
Baeolophus bicolor.....................  Tufted Titmouse.
Baeolophus atricristatus...............  Black-crested Titmouse.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 42]]

 
                          (H) Family Alaudidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alauda arvensis........................  Eurasian Skylark.
Eremophila alpestris...................  Horned Lark.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (I) Family Acrocephalidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arundinax aedon........................  Thick-billed Warbler.
Acrocephalus luscinius.................  Nightingale Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus hiwae.....................  Saipan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus nijoi.....................  Aguiguan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus yamashinae................  Pagan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus familiaris................  Millerbird.
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus.............  Sedge Warbler.
Acrocephalus dumetorum.................  Blyth's Reed Warbler.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (J) Family Locustellidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Helopsaltes certhiola..................  Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler.
Helopsaltes ochotensis.................  Middendorff's Grasshopper
                                          Warbler.
Locustella lanceolata..................  Lanceolated Warbler.
Locustella fluviatilis.................  River Warbler.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (K) Family Hirundinidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Subfamily Hirundininae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Riparia riparia........................  Bank Swallow.
Tachycineta bicolor....................  Tree Swallow.
Tachycineta cyaneoviridis..............  Bahama Swallow.
Tachycineta thalassina.................  Violet-green Swallow.
Tachycineta albilinea..................  Mangrove Swallow.
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca................  Blue-and-white Swallow.
Stelgidopteryx serripennis.............  Northern Rough-winged Swallow.
Progne tapera..........................  Brown-chested Martin.
Progne subis...........................  Purple Martin.
Progne elegans.........................  Southern Martin.
Progne chalybea........................  Gray-breasted Martin.
Progne cryptoleuca.....................  Cuban Martin.
Progne dominicensis....................  Caribbean Martin.
Hirundo rustica........................  Barn Swallow.
Delichon urbicum.......................  Common House-Martin.
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota...............  Cliff Swallow.
Petrochelidon fulva....................  Cave Swallow.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (L) Family Aegithalidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Psaltriparus minimus...................  Bushtit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (M) Family Phylloscopidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phylloscopus trochilus.................  Willow Warbler.
Phylloscopus collybita.................  Common Chiffchaff.
Phylloscopus sibilatrix................  Wood Warbler.
Phylloscopus fuscatus..................  Dusky Warbler.
Phylloscopus proregulus................  Pallas's Leaf Warbler.
Phylloscopus inornatus.................  Yellow-browed Warbler.
Phylloscopus borealis..................  Arctic Warbler.
Phylloscopus examinandus...............  Kamchatka Leaf Warbler.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (N) Family Sylviidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sylvia curruca.........................  Lesser Whitethroat.
Chamaea fasciata.......................  Wrentit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (O) Family Regulidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corthylio calendula....................  Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
Regulus satrapa........................  Golden-crowned Kinglet.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 43]]

 
                        (P) Family Bombycillidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bombycilla garrulus....................  Bohemian Waxwing.
Bombycilla cedrorum....................  Cedar Waxwing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (Q) Family Ptiliogonatidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ptiliogonys cinereus...................  Gray Silky-flycatcher.
Phainopepla nitens.....................  Phainopepla.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (R) Family Sittidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           Subfamily Sittinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sitta canadensis.......................  Red-breasted Nuthatch.
Sitta carolinensis.....................  White-breasted Nuthatch.
Sitta pygmaea..........................  Pygmy Nuthatch.
Sitta pusilla..........................  Brown-headed Nuthatch.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (S) Family Certhiidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          Subfamily Certhiinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Certhia americana......................  Brown Creeper.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (T) Family Polioptilidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Polioptila caerulea....................  Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila melanura....................  Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila californica.................  California Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila nigriceps...................  Black-capped Gnatcatcher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (U) Family Troglodytidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salpinctes obsoletus...................  Rock Wren.
Catherpes mexicanus....................  Canyon Wren.
Thryophilus sinaloa....................  Sinaloa Wren.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus........  Cactus Wren.
Thryomanes bewickii....................  Bewick's Wren.
Thryothorus ludovicianus...............  Carolina Wren.
Troglodytes aedon......................  House Wren.
Troglodytes pacificus..................  Pacific Wren.
Troglodytes hiemalis...................  Winter Wren.
Cistothorus stellaris..................  Sedge Wren.
Cistothorus palustris..................  Marsh Wren.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           (V) Family Mimidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Melanotis caerulescens.................  Blue Mockingbird.
Melanoptila glabrirostris..............  Black Catbird.
Dumetella carolinensis.................  Gray Catbird.
Margarops fuscatus.....................  Pearly-eyed Thrasher.
Toxostoma curvirostre..................  Curve-billed Thrasher.
Toxostoma rufum........................  Brown Thrasher.
Toxostoma longirostre..................  Long-billed Thrasher.
Toxostoma bendirei.....................  Bendire's Thrasher.
Toxostoma redivivum....................  California Thrasher.
Toxostoma lecontei.....................  LeConte's Thrasher.
Toxostoma crissale.....................  Crissal Thrasher.
Oreoscoptes montanus...................  Sage Thrasher.
Mimus gundlachii.......................  Bahama Mockingbird.
Mimus polyglottos......................  Northern Mockingbird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (W) Family Sturnidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agropsar philippensis..................  Chestnut-cheeked Starling.
Spodiopsar cineraceus..................  White-cheeked Starling.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (X) Family Cinclidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cinclus mexicanus......................  American Dipper.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 44]]

 
                           (Y) Family Turdidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sialia sialis..........................  Eastern Bluebird.
Sialia mexicana........................  Western Bluebird.
Sialia currucoides.....................  Mountain Bluebird.
Myadestes townsendi....................  Townsend's Solitaire.
Myadestes occidentalis.................  Brown-backed Solitaire.
Myadestes myadestinus..................  K[amacr]ma[revaps]o.
Myadestes lanaiensis...................  Oloma[revaps]o.
Myadestes obscurus.....................  '[Omacr]ma'o.
Myadestes palmeri......................  Puaiohi.
Catharus aurantiirostris...............  Orange-billed Nightingale-
                                          Thrush.
Catharus mexicanus.....................  Black-headed Nightingale-
                                          Thrush.
Catharus fuscescens....................  Veery.
Catharus minimus.......................  Gray-cheeked Thrush.
Catharus bicknelli.....................  Bicknell's Thrush.
Catharus ustulatus.....................  Swainson's Thrush.
Catharus guttatus......................  Hermit Thrush.
Hylocichla mustelina...................  Wood Thrush.
Turdus obscurus........................  Eyebrowed Thrush.
Turdus eunomus.........................  Dusky Thrush.
Turdus naumanni........................  Naumann's Thrush.
Turdus pilaris.........................  Fieldfare.
Turdus iliacus.........................  Redwing.
Turdus grayi...........................  Clay-colored Thrush.
Turdus assimilis.......................  White-throated Thrush.
Turdus rufopalliatus...................  Rufous-backed Robin.
Turdus migratorius.....................  American Robin.
Turdus plumbeus........................  Red-legged Thrush.
Ixoreus naevius........................  Varied Thrush.
Ridgwayia pinicola.....................  Aztec Thrush.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (Z) Family Muscicapidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muscicapa griseisticta.................  Gray-streaked Flycatcher.
Muscicapa dauurica.....................  Asian Brown Flycatcher.
Muscicapa striata......................  Spotted Flycatcher.
Muscicapa sibirica.....................  Dark-sided Flycatcher.
Erithacus rubecula.....................  European Robin.
Larvivora cyane........................  Siberian Blue Robin.
Larvivora sibilans.....................  Rufous-tailed Robin.
Cyanecula svecica......................  Bluethroat.
Calliope calliope......................  Siberian Rubythroat.
Tarsiger cyanurus......................  Red-flanked Bluetail.
Ficedula narcissina....................  Narcissus Flycatcher.
Ficedula mugimaki......................  Mugimaki Flycatcher.
Ficedula albicilla.....................  Taiga Flycatcher.
Phoenicurus phoenicurus................  Common Redstart.
Saxicola maurus........................  Asian Stonechat.
Oenanthe oenanthe......................  Northern Wheatear.
Oenanthe pleschanka....................  Pied Wheatear.
Monticola solitarius...................  Blue Rock-Thrush.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (AA) Family Peucedramidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peucedramus taeniatus..................  Olive Warbler.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (BB) Family Prunellidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prunella montanella....................  Siberian Accentor.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (CC) Family Motacillidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Motacilla tschutschensis...............  Eastern Yellow Wagtail.
Motacilla citreola.....................  Citrine Wagtail.
Motacilla cinerea......................  Gray Wagtail.
Motacilla alba.........................  White Wagtail.
Anthus trivialis.......................  Tree Pipit.
Anthus hodgsoni........................  Olive-backed Pipit.
Anthus gustavi.........................  Pechora Pipit.
Anthus cervinus........................  Red-throated Pipit.

[[Page 45]]

 
Anthus rubescens.......................  American Pipit.
Anthus spragueii.......................  Sprague's Pipit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (DD) Family Fringillidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (1) Subfamily Fringillinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fringilla coelebs......................  Common Chaffinch.
Fringilla montifringilla...............  Brambling.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (2) Subfamily Euphoniinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chlorophonia musica....................  Antillean Euphonia.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (3) Subfamily Carduelinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coccothraustes vespertinus.............  Evening Grosbeak.
Coccothraustes coccothraustes..........  Hawfinch.
Carpodacus erythrinus..................  Common Rosefinch.
Carpodacus roseus......................  Pallas's Rosefinch.
Melamprosops phaeosoma.................  Po[revaps]ouli.
Oreomystis bairdi......................  [revaps]Akikiki.
Paroreomyza maculata...................  O[revaps]ahu [revaps]Alauahio.
Paroreomyza flammea....................  K[amacr]k[amacr]wahie.
Paroreomyza montana....................  Maui 'Alauahio.
Loxioides bailleui.....................  Palila.
Telespiza cantans......................  Laysan Finch.
Telespiza ultima.......................  Nihoa Finch.
Palmeria dolei.........................  [revaps]Akohekohe.
Himatione fraithii.....................  Laysan Honeycreeper.
Himatione sanguinea....................  [revaps]Apapane.
Drepanis coccinea......................  [revaps]I[revaps]iwi.
Psittirostra psittacea.................  [revaps][Omacr][revaps][umacr].
Pseudonestor xanthophrys...............  Maui Parrotbill.
Hemignathus hanapepe...................  Kauai Nukupu[revaps]u.
Hemignathus lucidus....................  O[revaps]ahu Nukupu[revaps]u.
Hemignathus affinis....................  Maui Nukupu[revaps]u.
Hemignathus wilsoni....................  [revaps]Akiapola[revaps]au.
Akialoa stejnegeri.....................  Kauai [revaps]Akialoa.
Akialoa ellisiana......................  O[revaps]ahu [revaps]Akialoa.
Akialoa lanaiensis.....................  Maui Nui 'Akialoa.
Magumma parva..........................  [revaps]Anianiau.
Chlorodrepanis virens..................  Hawaii [revaps]Amakihi.
Chlorodrepanis flava...................  O[revaps]ahu [revaps]Amakihi.
Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri..............  Kaua[revaps]i [revaps]Amakihi.
Loxops mana............................  Hawaii Creeper.
Loxops caeruleirostris.................  [revaps]Akeke[revaps]e.
Loxops wolstenholmei...................  O[revaps]ahu [revaps]Akepa.
Loxops ochraceus.......................  Maui [revaps]Akepa.
Loxops coccineus.......................  Hawaii [revaps]Akepa.
Pinicola enucleator....................  Pine Grosbeak.
Pyrrhula pyrrhula......................  Eurasian Bullfinch.
Leucosticte arctoa.....................  Asian Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte tephrocotis................  Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte atrata.....................  Black Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte australis..................  Brown-capped Rosy-Finch.
Haemorhous mexicanus...................  House Finch.
Haemorhous purpureus...................  Purple Finch.
Haemorhous cassinii....................  Cassin's Finch.
Chloris sinica.........................  Oriental Greenfinch.
Acanthis flammea.......................  Common Redpoll.
Acanthis hornemanni....................  Hoary Redpoll.
Loxia curvirostra......................  Red Crossbill.
Loxia sinesciuris......................  Cassia Crossbill.
Loxia leucoptera.......................  White-winged Crossbill.
Spinus spinus..........................  Eurasian Siskin.
Spinus pinus...........................  Pine Siskin.
Spinus psaltria........................  Lesser Goldfinch.
Spinus lawrencei.......................  Lawrence's Goldfinch.
Spinus tristis.........................  American Goldfinch.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 46]]

 
                         (EE) Family Calcariidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calcarius lapponicus...................  Lapland Longspur.
Calcarius ornatus......................  Chestnut-collared Longspur.
Calcarius pictus.......................  Smith's Longspur.
Rhynchophanes mccownii.................  Thick-billed Longspur.
Plectrophenax nivalis..................  Snow Bunting.
Plectrophenax hyperboreus..............  McKay's Bunting.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (FF) Family Emberizidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emberiza leucocephalos.................  Pine Bunting.
Emberiza chrysophrys...................  Yellow-browed Bunting.
Emberiza pusilla.......................  Little Bunting.
Emberiza rustica.......................  Rustic Bunting.
Emberiza elegans.......................  Yellow-throated Bunting.
Emberiza aureola.......................  Yellow-breasted Bunting.
Emberiza variabilis....................  Gray Bunting.
Emberiza pallasi.......................  Pallas's Bunting.
Emberiza schoeniclus...................  Reed Bunting.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (GG) Family Passerellidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peucaea carpalis.......................  Rufous-winged Sparrow.
Peucaea botterii.......................  Botteri's Sparrow.
Peucaea cassinii.......................  Cassin's Sparrow.
Peucaea aestivalis.....................  Bachman's Sparrow.
Ammodramus savannarum..................  Grasshopper Sparrow.
Arremonops rufivirgatus................  Olive Sparrow.
Amphispizopsis quinquestriata..........  Five-striped Sparrow.
Amphispiza bilineata...................  Black-throated Sparrow.
Chondestes grammacus...................  Lark Sparrow.
Calamospiza melanocorys................  Lark Bunting.
Spizella passerina.....................  Chipping Sparrow.
Spizella pallida.......................  Clay-colored Sparrow.
Spizella atrogularis...................  Black-chinned Sparrow.
Spizella pusilla.......................  Field Sparrow.
Spizella breweri.......................  Brewer's Sparrow.
Spizella wortheni......................  Worthen's Sparrow.
Passerella iliaca......................  Fox Sparrow.
Spizelloides arborea...................  American Tree Sparrow.
Junco hyemalis.........................  Dark-eyed Junco.
Junco phaeonotus.......................  Yellow-eyed Junco.
Zonotrichia leucophrys.................  White-crowned Sparrow.
Zonotrichia atricapilla................  Golden-crowned Sparrow.
Zonotrichia querula....................  Harris's Sparrow.
Zonotrichia albicollis.................  White-throated Sparrow.
Artemisiospiza nevadensis..............  Sagebrush Sparrow.
Artemisiospiza belli...................  Bell's Sparrow.
Pooecetes gramineus....................  Vesper Sparrow.
Ammospiza leconteii....................  LeConte's Sparrow.
Ammospiza maritima.....................  Seaside Sparrow.
Ammospiza nelsoni......................  Nelson's Sparrow.
Ammospiza caudacuta....................  Saltmarsh Sparrow.
Centronyx bairdii......................  Baird's Sparrow.
Centronyx henslowii....................  Henslow's Sparrow.
Passerculus sandwichensis..............  Savannah Sparrow.
Melospiza melodia......................  Song Sparrow.
Melospiza lincolnii....................  Lincoln's Sparrow.
Melospiza georgiana....................  Swamp Sparrow.
Melozone fusca.........................  Canyon Towhee.
Melozone aberti........................  Abert's Towhee.
Melozone crissalis.....................  California Towhee.
Aimophila ruficeps.....................  Rufous-crowned Sparrow.
Pipilo chlorurus.......................  Green-tailed Towhee.
Pipilo maculatus.......................  Spotted Towhee.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus................  Eastern Towhee.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (HH) Family Nesospingidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nesospingus speculiferus...............  Puerto Rican Tanager.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 47]]

 
                         (II) Family Spindalidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spindalis zena.........................  Western Spindalis.
Spindalis portoricensis................  Puerto Rican Spindalis.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (JJ) Family Icteridae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Icteria virens.........................  Yellow-breasted Chat.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     (1) Subfamily Xanthocephalinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus..........  Yellow-headed Blackbird.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      (2) Subfamily Dolichonychinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dolichonyx oryzivorus..................  Bobolink.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (3) Subfamily Sturnellinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sturnella lilianae.....................  Chihuahuan Meadowlark.
Sturnella magna........................  Eastern Meadowlark.
Sturnella neglecta.....................  Western Meadowlark.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (4) Subfamily Icterinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Icterus portoricensis..................  Puerto Rican Oriole.
Icterus wagleri........................  Black-vented Oriole.
Icterus spurius........................  Orchard Oriole.
Icterus cucullatus.....................  Hooded Oriole.
Icterus pustulatus.....................  Streak-backed Oriole.
Icterus bullockii......................  Bullock's Oriole.
Icterus gularis........................  Altamira Oriole.
Icterus graduacauda....................  Audubon's Oriole.
Icterus galbula........................  Baltimore Oriole.
Icterus abeillei.......................  Black-backed Oriole.
Icterus parisorum......................  Scott's Oriole.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (5) Subfamily Agelaiinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agelaius phoeniceus....................  Red-winged Blackbird.
Agelaius tricolor......................  Tricolored Blackbird.
Agelaius humeralis.....................  Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.
Agelaius xanthomus.....................  Yellow-shouldered Blackbird.
Molothrus bonariensis..................  Shiny Cowbird.
Molothrus aeneus.......................  Bronzed Cowbird.
Molothrus ater.........................  Brown-headed Cowbird.
Euphagus carolinus.....................  Rusty Blackbird.
Euphagus cyanocephalus.................  Brewer's Blackbird.
Quiscalus quiscula.....................  Common Grackle.
Quiscalus major........................  Boat-tailed Grackle.
Quiscalus mexicanus....................  Great-tailed Grackle.
Quiscalus niger........................  Greater Antillean Grackle.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (KK) Family Parulidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seiurus aurocapilla....................  Ovenbird.
Helmitheros vermivorum.................  Worm-eating Warbler.
Parkesia motacilla.....................  Louisiana Waterthrush.
Parkesia noveboracensis................  Northern Waterthrush.
Vermivora bachmanii....................  Bachman's Warbler.
Vermivora chrysoptera..................  Golden-winged Warbler.
Vermivora cyanoptera...................  Blue-winged Warbler.
Mniotilta varia........................  Black-and-white Warbler.
Protonotaria citrea....................  Prothonotary Warbler.
Limnothlypis swainsonii................  Swainson's Warbler.
Oreothlypis superciliosa...............  Crescent-chested Warbler.
Leiothlypis peregrina..................  Tennessee Warbler.
Leiothlypis celata.....................  Orange-crowned Warbler.
Leiothlypis crissalis..................  Colima Warbler.
Leiothlypis luciae.....................  Lucy's Warbler.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla................  Nashville Warbler.
Leiothlypis virginiae..................  Virginia's Warbler.

[[Page 48]]

 
Oporornis agilis.......................  Connecticut Warbler.
Geothlypis poliocephala................  Gray-crowned Yellowthroat.
Geothlypis tolmiei.....................  MacGillivray's Warbler.
Geothlypis philadelphia................  Mourning Warbler.
Geothlypis formosa.....................  Kentucky Warbler.
Geothlypis trichas.....................  Common Yellowthroat.
Setophaga angelae......................  Elfin-woods Warbler.
Setophaga citrina......................  Hooded Warbler.
Setophaga ruticilla....................  American Redstart.
Setophaga kirtlandii...................  Kirtland's Warbler.
Setophaga tigrina......................  Cape May Warbler.
Setophaga cerulea......................  Cerulean Warbler.
Setophaga americana....................  Northern Parula.
Setophaga pitiayumi....................  Tropical Parula.
Setophaga magnolia.....................  Magnolia Warbler.
Setophaga castanea.....................  Bay-breasted Warbler.
Setophaga fusca........................  Blackburnian Warbler.
Setophaga petechia.....................  Yellow Warbler.
Setophaga pensylvanica.................  Chestnut-sided Warbler.
Setophaga striata......................  Blackpoll Warbler.
Setophaga caerulescens.................  Black-throated Blue Warbler.
Setophaga palmarum.....................  Palm Warbler.
Setophaga pinus........................  Pine Warbler.
Setophaga coronata.....................  Yellow-rumped Warbler.
Setophaga dominica.....................  Yellow-throated Warbler.
Setophaga discolor.....................  Prairie Warbler.
Setophaga adelaidae....................  Adelaide's Warbler.
Setophaga graciae......................  Grace's Warbler.
Setophaga nigrescens...................  Black-throated Gray Warbler.
Setophaga townsendi....................  Townsend's Warbler.
Setophaga occidentalis.................  Hermit Warbler.
Setophaga chrysoparia..................  Golden-cheeked Warbler.
Setophaga virens.......................  Black-throated Green Warbler.
Basileuterus lachrymosus...............  Fan-tailed Warbler.
Basileuterus rufifrons.................  Rufous-capped Warbler.
Basileuterus culicivorus...............  Golden-crowned Warbler.
Cardellina canadensis..................  Canada Warbler.
Cardellina pusilla.....................  Wilson's Warbler.
Cardellina rubrifrons..................  Red-faced Warbler.
Myioborus pictus.......................  Painted Redstart.
Myioborus miniatus.....................  Slate-throated Redstart.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (LL) Family Cardinalidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Piranga flava..........................  Hepatic Tanager.
Piranga rubra..........................  Summer Tanager.
Piranga olivacea.......................  Scarlet Tanager.
Piranga ludoviciana....................  Western Tanager.
Piranga bidentata......................  Flame-colored Tanager.
Rhodothraupis celaeno..................  Crimson-collared Grosbeak.
Cardinalis cardinalis..................  Northern Cardinal.
Cardinalis sinuatus....................  Pyrrhuloxia.
Pheucticus chrysopeplus................  Yellow Grosbeak.
Pheucticus ludovicianus................  Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
Pheucticus melanocephalus..............  Black-headed Grosbeak.
Cyanocompsa parellina..................  Blue Bunting.
Passerina caerulea.....................  Blue Grosbeak.
Passerina amoena.......................  Lazuli Bunting.
Passerina cyanea.......................  Indigo Bunting.
Passerina versicolor...................  Varied Bunting.
Passerina ciris........................  Painted Bunting.
Spiza americana........................  Dickcissel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (MM) Family Thraupidae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (1) Subfamily Dacninae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cyanerpes cyaneus......................  Red-legged Honeycreeper.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (2) Subfamily Coerebinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coereba flaveola.......................  Bananaquit.

[[Page 49]]

 
Tiaris olivaceus.......................  Yellow-faced Grassquit.
Melopyrrha portoricensis...............  Puerto Rican Bullfinch.
Melanospiza bicolor....................  Black-faced Grassquit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (3) Subfamily Sporophilinae
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sporophila morelleti...................  Morelet's Seedeater.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[78 FR 65850, Nov. 1, 2013, as amended at 85 FR 21290, Apr. 16, 2020; 88 
FR 49317, July 31, 2023]



                           Subpart C_Addresses



Sec.  10.21  Director.

    (a) Mail forwarded to the Director for law enforcement purposes 
should be addressed to Chief, Office of Law Enforcement, at the address 
provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
    (b) Mail sent to the Director regarding permits for the Convention 
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Fauna 
(CITES), injurious wildlife, Wild Bird Conservation Act species, 
international movement of all ESA-listed endangered or threatened 
species, and scientific research on, exhibition of, or interstate 
commerce in nonnative ESA-listed endangered and threatened species 
should be addressed to: Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 
(Attention: Division of Management Authority), at the address provided 
for the Division of Management Authority at 50 CFR 2.1(b). Address mail 
for the following permits to the Regional Director. In the address 
include one of the following: for import/export licenses and exception 
to designated port permits (Attention: Import/export license); for 
native endangered and threatened species (Attention: Endangered/
threatened species permit); and for migratory birds and eagles 
(Attention: Migratory bird permit office). You can find addresses for 
regional offices at 50 CFR 2.2.

[55 FR 48851, Nov. 23, 1990, as amended at 63 FR 52633, Oct. 1, 1998; 80 
FR 26467, May 8, 2015]



Sec.  10.22  Law enforcement offices.

    (a) Service law enforcement offices are located in Service regional 
offices. Regional office addresses are provided at 50 CFR 2.2. Mail 
should be addressed to ``Special Agent in Charge, Office of Law 
Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service'' at the appropriate 
regional office address. Telephone numbers for Service law enforcement 
offices follow:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Law enforcement
                       Region                          office telephone
                                                            number
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1...................................................        503-231-6125
2...................................................        505-248-7889
3...................................................        612-713-5320
4...................................................        404-679-7057
5...................................................        413-253-8274
6...................................................        303-236-7540
7...................................................        907-786-3311
8...................................................        916-414-6660
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Any resident or official of a foreign country may contact the 
Service's Headquarters Office of Law Enforcement at the address provided 
at 50 CFR 2.1(b) or by telephone at 703-358-1949.

[78 FR 35151, June 12, 2013, as amended at 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



PART 11_CIVIL PROCEDURES--Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
11.1 Purpose of regulations.
11.2 Scope of regulations.
11.3 Filing of documents.

                     Subpart B_Assessment Procedure

11.11 Notice of violation.
11.12 Petition for relief.
11.13 Decision by the Director.
11.14 Notice of assessment.
11.15 Request for a hearing.
11.16 Final administrative decision.
11.17 Payment of final assessment.

                 Subpart C_Hearing and Appeal Procedures

11.21 Commencement of hearing procedures.

[[Page 50]]

11.22 Appearance and practice.
11.23 Hearings.
11.24 Final administrative action.
11.25 Appeal.
11.26 Reporting service.

         Subpart D_Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

11.31 Definitions.
11.32 Purpose and scope.
11.33 Adjustments to penalties.
11.34 Subsequent adjustments.

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 470aa-470mm, 470aaa-470aaa-11, 668-668d, 1361-
1384, 1401-1407, 1531-1544, 3371-3378, 4201-4245, 4901-4916, 5201-5207, 
5301-5306; 18 U.S.C. 42-43; 25 U.S.C. 3001-3013; and Sec. 107, Pub. L. 
114-74, 129 Stat. 599, unless otherwise noted.

    Source: 39 FR 1159, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.

    Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to part 11 appear at 67 FR 
38208, June 3, 2002.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  11.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part provide uniform rules and 
procedures for the assessment of civil penalties in connection with 
violations of certain laws and regulations enforced by the Service.



Sec.  11.2  Scope of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part apply only to actions arising 
under the following laws and regulations issued thereunder:
    (a) Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 42-43;
    (b) Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.;
    (c) Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668-668d;
    (d) Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.;
    (e) Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.;
    (f) African Elephant Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 4201 et seq.;
    (g) Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.;
    (h) Archaeological Resources Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 470aa et 
seq.;
    (i) Paleontological Resources Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 470aaa et 
seq.;
    (j) The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, 25 
U.S.C. 3001 et seq.;
    (k) Recreational Hunting Safety Act of 1994, 16 U.S.C. 5201 et seq.; 
and
    (l) Wild Bird Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 4901 et seq.

[81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016]



Sec.  11.3  Filing of documents.

    (a) Whenever a document or other paper is required to be filed under 
this part within a certain time, such document or paper will be 
considered filed as of the date of the postmark if mailed, or the date 
actually delivered to the office where filing is required. The time 
periods set forth in this part shall begin to run as of the day 
following the date of the document or other paper.
    (b) If an oral or written application is made to the Director up to 
10 calendar days after the expiration of a time period established in 
this part for the required filing of documents or other papers, the 
Director may permit a late filing within a fixed period where reasonable 
grounds are found for an inability or failure to file within the time 
period required. All such extensions shall be in writing. Except as 
provided in this subsection, no other requests for an extension of time 
may be granted.



                     Subpart B_Assessment Procedure



Sec.  11.11  Notice of violation.

    (a) A notice of violation (hereinafter ``notice''), shall be issued 
by the Director and served personally or by registered or certified 
mail, return receipt requested, upon the person believed to be subject 
to a civil penalty (the respondent). The notice shall contain: (1) A 
concise statement of the facts believed to show a violation, (2) a 
specific reference to the provisions of the statute or regulation 
allegedly violated, and (3) the amount of penalty proposed to be 
assessed. The notice may also contain an initial proposal for compromise 
or settlement of the case. The notice shall also advise the respondent 
of his right to file a petition for relief pursuant to Sec.  11.12, or 
to await the Director's notice of assessment.
    (b) The respondent shall have 45 days from the date of the notice of 
violation

[[Page 51]]

in which to respond. During this time he may:
    (1) Undertake informal discussions with the Director;
    (2) Accept the proposed penalty, or the compromise, if any, offered 
in the notice;
    (3) File a petition for relief; or
    (4) Take no action, and await the Director's decision, pursuant to 
Sec.  11.13.
    (c) Acceptance of the proposed penalty or the compromise shall be 
deemed to be a waiver of the notice ef assessment required by Sec.  
11.14, and of the opportunity for a hearing. Any counter offer of 
settlement shall be deemed a rejection of the proposed offer of 
compromise.



Sec.  11.12  Petition for relief.

    If the respondent so chooses he may ask that no penalty be assessed 
or that the amount be reduced, and he may admit or contest the legal 
sufficiency of the charge and the Director's allegations of facts, by 
filing a petition for relief (hereinafter ``petition'') with the 
Director at the address specified in the notice within 45 days of the 
date thereof. The petition shall be in writing and signed by the 
respondent. If the respondent is a corporation, the petition must be 
signed by an officer authorized to sign such documents. It must set 
forth in full the legal or other reasons for the relief.



Sec.  11.13  Decision by the Director.

    Upon expiration of the period required or granted for filing of a 
petition for relief, the Director shall proceed to make an assessment of 
a civil penalty, taking into consideration information available to him 
and such showing as may have been made by the respondent, either 
pursuant to Sec.  11.11 or Sec.  11.12, or upon further request of the 
Director.



Sec.  11.14  Notice of assessment.

    The Director shall notify the respondent by a written notice of 
assessment, by personal service or by registered or certified mail, 
return receipt requested, of his decision pursuant to Sec.  11.13. He 
shall set forth therein the facts and conclusions upon which he decided 
that the violation did occur and appropriateness of the penalty 
assessed.



Sec.  11.15  Request for a hearing.

    Except where a right to request a hearing is deemed to have been 
waived as provided in Sec.  11.11, the respondent may, within 45 
calendar days from the date of the notice of assessment referred to in 
Sec.  11.14, file a dated, written request for a hearing with the 
Departmental Cases Hearings Division, Office of Hearings and Appeals, 
U.S. Department of the Interior, 351 South West Temple, Suite 6.300, 
Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

[81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016]



Sec.  11.16  Final administrative decision.

    (a) Where no request for a hearing is filed as provided in Sec.  
11.15 the Director's assessment shall become effective and shall 
constitute the final administrative decision of the Secretary on the 
45th calendar day from the date of the notice of assessment.
    (b) If a request for a hearing is timely filed in accordance with 
Sec.  11.15, the date of the final administrative decision in the matter 
shall be as provided in subpart C of this part.



Sec.  11.17  Payment of final assessment.

    When a final administrative decision becomes effective in accordance 
with this part 11, the respondent shall have 20 calendar days from the 
date of the final administrative decision within which to make full 
payment of the penalty assessed. Payment will be timely only if received 
in Office of the Director during normal business hours, on or before the 
20th day. Upon a failure to pay the penalty, the Solicitor of the 
Department may request the Attorney General to institute a civil action 
in the U.S. District Court to collect the penalty.



                 Subpart C_Hearing and Appeal Procedures



Sec.  11.21  Commencement of hearing procedures.

    Proceedings under this subpart are commenced upon the timely filing 
with the Hearings Division of a request for a

[[Page 52]]

hearing, as provided in Sec.  11.15 of subpart B. Upon receipt of a 
request for a hearing, the Hearings Division will assign an 
administrative law judge to the case. Notice of assignment will be given 
promptly to the parties, and thereafter, all pleadings, papers, and 
other documents in the proceeding shall be filed directly with the 
administrative law judge, with copies served on the opposing party.



Sec.  11.22  Appearance and practice.

    (a) Subject to the provisions of 43 CFR 1.3, the respondent may 
appear in person, by representative, or by counsel, and may participate 
fully in these proceedings.
    (b) Department counsel designated by the Solicitor of the Department 
shall represent the Director in these proceedings. Upon notice to the 
Director of the assignment of an administrative law judge to the case, 
said counsel shall enter his appearance on behalf of the Director and 
shall file all petitions and correspondence exchanged by the Director 
and the respondent pursuant to subpart B of this part, which shall 
become part of the hearing record. Thereinafter, service upon the 
Director in these proceedings shall be made to his counsel.



Sec.  11.23  Hearings.

    (a) The administrative law judge shall have all powers accorded by 
law and necessary to preside over the parties and the proceedings and to 
make decisions in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 554-557. Failure to appear at 
the time set for hearing shall be deemed a waiver of the right to a 
hearing and consent to the making of a decision on the record made at 
the hearing. Copies of the transcript may be inspected or copied.
    (b) The transcript of testimony, the exhibits, and all papers, 
documents, and requests filed in the proceedings, shall constitute the 
record for decision. The judge will render a written decision upon the 
record, which shall set forth his findings of fact and conclusions of 
law, and the reasons and basis therefor, and an assessment of a penalty, 
if any.



Sec.  11.24  Final administrative action.

    Unless a notice of request for an appeal is filed in accordance with 
Sec.  11.25 of this subpart C, the administrative law judge's decision 
shall constitute the final administrative determination of the Secretary 
in the matter and shall become effective 30 calendar days from the date 
of the decision.



Sec.  11.25  Appeal.

    (a) Either the respondent or the Director may seek an appeal from 
the decision of an administrative law judge rendered subsequent to 
January 1, 1974, by the filing of a ``Notice of Request for Appeal'' 
with the Director, Office of Hearings and Appeals, U.S. Department of 
the Interior, 351 South West Temple, Suite 6.300, Salt Lake City, Utah 
84101, within 30 calendar days of the date of the administrative law 
judge's decision. Such notice shall be accompanied by proof of service 
on the administrative law judge and the opposing party.
    (b) Upon receipt of such a request, the Director, Office of Hearings 
and Appeals, shall appoint an ad hoc appeals board to determine whether 
an appeal should be granted, and to hear and decide an appeal. To the 
extent they are not inconsistent herewith, the provisions of subpart G 
of the Department Hearings and Appeals Procedures in 43 CFR part 4 shall 
apply to appeal proceedings under this subpart. The determination of the 
board to grant or deny an appeal, as well as its decision on the merits 
of an appeal, shall be in writing and become effective as the final 
administrative determination of the Secretary in the proceeding on the 
date it is rendered, unless otherwise specified therein.

[39 FR 1159, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016]



Sec.  11.26  Reporting service.

    Copies of decisions in civil penalty proceedings instituted under 
statutes referred to in subpart A of this part and rendered subsequent 
to June 3, 1970, may be obtained by letter of request addressed to the 
Director, Office of Hearings and Appeals, U.S. Department of the 
Interior, 351 South West Temple, Suite 6.300, Salt Lake City, Utah 
84101. Fees for this service shall

[[Page 53]]

be as established by the Director of that Office.

[81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016]



         Subpart D_Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

    Source: 81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  11.31  Definitions.

    (a) Civil monetary penalty means any penalty, fine, or other 
sanction that:
    (1)(i) Is for a specific monetary amount as provided by Federal law; 
or
    (ii) Has a maximum amount provided for by Federal law;
    (2) Is assessed or enforced by an agency pursuant to Federal law; 
and
    (3) Is assessed or enforced pursuant to an administrative proceeding 
or a civil action in the Federal courts.
    (b) Inflation Adjustment Act means the Federal Civil Penalties 
Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Pub. L. 114-74, 
November 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 584, 28 U.S.C. 2461 note).



Sec.  11.32  Purpose and scope.

    The purpose of this part is to make the inflation adjustment, 
described in and required by the Inflation Adjustment Act, of each civil 
monetary penalty provided by law within the jurisdiction of the U.S. 
Fish and Wildlife Service.



Sec.  11.33  Adjustments to penalties.

    The civil monetary penalties provided by law within the jurisdiction 
of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are adjusted as follows:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                 Maximum civil
                  Law                             Citation              Type of violation       monetary penalty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) African Elephant Conservation Act..  16 U.S.C. 4224(b)........  Any violation............            $12,397
(b) Bald and Golden Eagle Protection     16 U.S.C. 668(b).........  Any violation............             15,662
 Act.
(c) Endangered Species Act of 1973.....  16 U.S.C. 1540(a)(1).....  (1) Knowing violation of              61,982
                                                                     section 1538.                        29,751
                                                                    (2) Other knowing                      1,566
                                                                     violation.
                                                                    (3) Any other violation..
(d) Lacey Act Amendments of 1981.......  16 U.S.C. 3373(a)........  (1) Violations referred               31,326
                                                                     to in 16 U.S.C.                         783
                                                                     3373(a)(1).
                                                                    (2) Violations referred
                                                                     to in 16 U.S.C.
                                                                     3373(a)(2).
(e) Marine Mammal Protection Act of      16 U.S.C. 1375...........  Any violation............             31,326
 1972.
(f) Recreational Hunting Safety Act of   16 U.S.C. 5202(b)........  (1) Violation involving               19,933
 1994.                                                               use of force or violence              9,966
                                                                     or threatened use of
                                                                     force or violence.
                                                                    (2) Any other violation..
(g) Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation    16 U.S.C. 5305a(b)(2)....  Any violation............             21,805
 Act of 1998.
(h) Wild Bird Conservation Act.........  16 U.S.C. 4912(a)(1).....  (1) Violation of section              52,540
                                                                     4910(a)(1), section                  25,218
                                                                     4910(a)(2), or any                    1,052
                                                                     permit issued under
                                                                     section 4911.
                                                                    (2) Violation of section
                                                                     4910(a)(3).
                                                                    (3) Any other violation..
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016, as amended at 82 FR 6308, Jan. 19, 2017; 83 
FR 5951, Feb. 12, 2018; 84 FR 15526, Apr. 16, 2019; 85 FR 10311, Feb. 
24, 2020; 86 FR 15428, Mar. 23, 2021; 87 FR 13949, Mar. 11, 2022; 88 FR 
5797, Jan. 30, 2023]



Sec.  11.34  Subsequent adjustments.

    The Secretary of the Interior or his or her designee will, every 
year after August 1, 2016, make the inflation adjustment described in 
and required by the Inflation Adjustment Act of each civil monetary 
penalty provided by law and within the jurisdiction of the U.S.

[[Page 54]]

Fish and Wildlife Service. Each annual adjustment will be reflected in 
the table in Sec.  11.33.



PART 12_SEIZURE AND FORFEITURE PROCEDURES--Table of Contents



                      Subpart A_General Provisions

Sec.
12.1 What is the purpose of the regulations in this part?
12.2 What is the scope of the regulations in this part?
12.3 What definitions do I need to know?
12.4 When and how must documents be filed or issued?
12.5 How does the Service handle seizures made by other agencies?
12.6 How does the Service release seized property under a bond?

                   Subpart B_Notification Requirements

12.11 How is personal notification of seizure and proposed forfeiture 
          provided?
12.12 How is public notification of seizure and proposed forfeiture 
          provided?
12.13 How is a declaration of forfeiture issued?
12.14 What happens if the required notification of seizure and proposed 
          forfeiture is not provided?

                    Subpart C_Forfeiture Proceedings

12.31 What are the basic types of forfeiture proceedings?
12.32 When may the Service or the Solicitor obtain administrative 
          forfeiture of my property?
12.33 How do I file a petition for remission of forfeiture requesting 
          the release of my property?
12.34 What are the standards for remission of forfeiture?
12.35 How will the Solicitor notify me of the decision on my petition 
          for remission?
12.36 How do I file a claim to get back my seized property?
12.37 Can I get my property back while the claim is pending?
12.38 What happens if my property is subject to civil judicial actions 
          to obtain forfeiture?

                    Subpart D_Abandonment Procedures

12.51 May I simply abandon my interest in the property?
12.52 Can I file a petition for remission for my abandoned property?

          Subpart E_Disposal of Forfeited or Abandoned Property

12.61 What is the purpose of this subpart?
12.62 How does the Service keep track of forfeited or abandoned 
          property?
12.63 When may the Service return live fish, wildlife, or plants to the 
          wild?
12.64 How does forfeiture or abandonment affect the status of the 
          property?
12.65 How does the Service dispose of forfeited or abandoned property?
12.66 How does the Service dispose of seized injurious fish or wildlife?
12.67 When may the Service donate forfeited or abandoned property?
12.68 When may the Service loan forfeited or abandoned property?
12.69 When may the Service sell forfeited or abandoned property?
12.70 When may the Service destroy forfeited or abandoned property?

       Subpart F_Recovery of Storage Costs and Return of Property

12.81 When can the Service assess fees for costs incurred by the 
          transfer, boarding, handling, or storage of property seized or 
          forfeited?
12.82 How will my property be returned if my petition or claim is 
          successful?

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 470aa et seq., 470aaa et seq., 668 et seq., 
668dd et seq., 703 et seq., 718a et seq., 742j-l, 1361 et seq., 1531 et 
seq., 2401 et seq., 3371 et seq., 4201 et seq., and 5301 et seq.; 18 
U.S.C. 42 and 981 et seq.; 19 U.S.C. 1602-1624; 28 U.S.C. 2465; 42 
U.S.C. 1996; and E.O. 13751, 81 FR 88609, amending E.O. 13112, 64 FR 
6183.

    Source: 88 FR 47818, July 25, 2023, unless otherwise noted.



                      Subpart A_General Provisions



Sec.  12.1  What is the purpose of the regulations in this part?

    These regulations provide procedures that govern the seizure and 
administrative forfeiture or abandonment of property, as well as the 
disposal of such property, and the recovery of costs associated with 
handling and storage of seized property under various laws enforced by 
the Service.



Sec.  12.2  What is the scope of the regulations in this part?

    (a) The regulations in this part apply to all property seized or 
subject to administrative forfeiture under any of the following laws:
    (1) The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.;
    (2) The Airborne Hunting Act, 16 U.S.C. 742j-1;

[[Page 55]]

    (3) The Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.;
    (4) The Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 42;
    (5) The Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.;
    (6) The Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 5301 et 
seq.;
    (7) The Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 2401 et seq.;
    (8) The Paleontological Resources Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 470aaa 
et seq.; and
    (9) The African Elephant Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 4201 et seq.
    (b) These regulations apply to the disposal of any property 
forfeited or abandoned to the United States under any of the following 
laws:
    (1) Any of the laws identified in paragraph (a) of this section;
    (2) The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act, 16 
U.S.C. 668dd et seq.;
    (3) The Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 16 U.S.C. 703 et seq. (MBTA);
    (4) The Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act, 16 U.S.C. 
718 et seq.;
    (5) The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16 U.S.C. 1361 et 
seq.;
    (6) The Archeological Resources Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 470aa et 
seq.; and
    (7) The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, 25 
U.S.C. 3001 et seq.
    (c) This part applies to all forfeitures administered by the Service 
with the exception of seizures and forfeitures under the statutes listed 
under 18 U.S.C. 983(i). The authority under this part to conduct 
administrative forfeitures derives from the procedural provisions of the 
Customs and Border Protection laws (19 U.S.C. 1602-1618) where those 
provisions are incorporated by reference in the substantive forfeiture 
statutes enforced by the Service.



Sec.  12.3  What definitions do I need to know?

    In addition to the definitions contained in parts 10, 14, 17, and 23 
of this chapter, as well as other applicable Federal laws and 
regulations, in this part:
    Abandon means to relinquish to the United States all legal right you 
have to own, claim, or possess property and to forever give up any 
right, title, and interest in the property and waive any further rights 
or proceedings relative to the property other than whatever rights to 
seek relief expressly were reserved in the abandonment document you 
signed.
    Administrative forfeiture means the process by which property may be 
forfeited by a seizing agency rather than through a judicial proceeding. 
Administrative forfeiture has the same meaning as nonjudicial 
forfeiture, as that term is used in 18 U.S.C. 983.
    Authorized officer means a person or entity who is acting as an 
agent, trustee, partner, corporate officer, director, supervisory 
employee, or any other representative designated to act on behalf of an 
individual, corporation, partnership, or any other entity asserting that 
they are an interested party.
    Claim means a written declaration regarding property for which the 
Service has proposed forfeiture and that meets the statutory 
requirements of 18 U.S.C. 983(a)(2), including:
    (1) Timely submission;
    (2) Containing required information regarding identification of the 
specific property being claimed;
    (3) Stating the claimant's interest in the property;
    (4) Requesting the initiation of judicial forfeiture proceedings; 
and
    (5) Made under oath subject to penalty of perjury.
    Contraband means any fish, wildlife, or plant that either:
    (1) Is inherently illegal to import, export, or possess; or
    (2) Has been taken, possessed, bred, imported, exported, acquired, 
transported, purchased, sold, or offered for sale or purchase contrary 
to law.
    Declaration of forfeiture means a written declaration by the Service 
or the Solicitor describing the property forfeited and stating the date, 
time, place, and reason for forfeiture. The declaration will also 
describe the date and manner in which notice of seizure and proposed 
forfeiture was sent to the property owner. If notice was never 
successfully delivered, the declaration will describe efforts made to 
deliver any notice of seizure and proposed forfeiture.
    Detention means the holding for further investigation of fish, 
wildlife, or

[[Page 56]]

plants and any associated property that is neither immediately released 
nor seized but is temporarily held by Service officers under 50 CFR part 
14.
    Directed reexport means the prompt export at the expense of the 
importer or consignee of imported shipments that have been refused entry 
by the Service into the United States.
    Director means the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 
Department of the Interior, or an authorized representative (as defined 
in 50 CFR 10.12).
    Interested party or parties means any person(s) who appears to be a 
person having an interest in property based on the facts known to the 
seizing agency before a declaration of forfeiture is entered.
    Other property that is illegal to possess means any fish, wildlife, 
or plant that may not be legally possessed or held due to extrinsic 
circumstances.
    Petition for remission is a request in an administrative forfeiture 
proceeding for the Solicitor to exercise equitable discretion on behalf 
of the Department and to release the property seized. Remission of 
forfeiture is discretionary.
    Property subject to administrative forfeiture means any property of 
the kinds described in 19 U.S.C. 1607(a) to the extent not inconsistent 
with the provisions of the incorporating wildlife laws (identified in 
Sec.  12.2) pursuant to which forfeiture is sought.
    Property subject to forfeiture means all property that Federal law 
authorizes to be forfeited to the United States in any administrative 
forfeiture proceeding, or in any civil judicial forfeiture, or in any 
criminal forfeiture proceeding.
    Solicitor means the Solicitor of the U.S. Department of the Interior 
or an authorized representative or designee.
    Value means the value of property as determined by the Service. For 
property having a legal market in the United States, the Service will 
use the reasonable declared value or the estimated market value at the 
time and place of seizure, if such or similar property was freely 
offered for sale between a willing seller and a willing buyer. For 
property that may not be sold in the United States, the Service will use 
other reasonable means, including, but not limited to, the Service's 
knowledge of sale prices in illegal markets or the replacement cost.
    We means the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.



Sec.  12.4  When and how must documents be filed or issued?

    (a) Whenever this part requires or allows you to file a document on 
or before a certain date, you are responsible for submitting that 
document so as to reach the Government office designated for receipt by 
the time specified. You may use the U.S. Postal Service (USPS), a 
commercial carrier, or electronic or facsimile transmission. We will 
consider the document filed on the date on which the document is 
received by the Government office designated for receipt. Acceptable 
evidence to establish the time of receipt by the Government office 
includes any official USPS receipt, commercial carrier signature log, 
time/date stamp placed by the Government on the document, other 
documentary evidence of receipt maintained by that Government office, or 
oral testimony or statements of Government personnel.
    (b) Whenever this part requires or allows the Government to issue or 
file a document on or before a certain date, the document will be 
considered to be issued or filed on the date on which the document was 
placed in the USPS system, delivered to a commercial carrier, or sent by 
electronic or facsimile transmission. Acceptable evidence to establish 
the time of filing or issuance by the Government includes any official 
USPS sender's receipt, commercial carrier receipt log, and time/date 
stamp placed by the government office on the document, other documentary 
evidence of receipt maintained by that office, or oral testimony or 
statements of Government personnel.



Sec.  12.5  How does the Service handle seizures made by other agencies?

    (a) If an authorized employee or officer of another Federal or State 
or local law enforcement agency seized your fish, wildlife, or plant or 
other property under any of the laws listed in Sec.  12.2, the Service 
may request the delivery of the seized property to the appropriate 
Special Agent in Charge

[[Page 57]]

(SAC), Office of Law Enforcement, or to an authorized designee. The 
addresses for SACs are listed in Sec.  2.2 of this subchapter, and 
telephone numbers are listed in Sec.  10.22 of this subchapter. The SAC 
or authorized designee will hold the seized fish, wildlife, or plants or 
other property subject to forfeiture and arrange for its proper handling 
and care. Forfeiture proceedings must be initiated by notice to the 
interested parties within 90 days of the date of seizure by the Federal, 
State, or local law enforcement agency.
    (b) If you use any U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) form 
(forms may be amended or superseded) to voluntarily abandon any fish, 
wildlife, or plants or other property subject to forfeiture in lieu of 
Service Form 3-2096, Fish and Wildlife Abandonment Form, the Service may 
request that CBP transfer the property to the Service for final 
disposition.



Sec.  12.6  How does the Service release seized property under a bond?

    (a) When an administrative forfeiture is pending, the Service may at 
its discretion accept an appearance bond or other security from you in 
place of any property authorized for seizure by civil forfeiture under 
any Act listed in Sec.  12.2. If you file a judicial claim, then early 
release of property must be handled under the provisions of 18 U.S.C. 
983(f).
    (b) You may post an appearance bond or other security in place of 
seized property only if the Service, at its discretion, authorizes the 
acceptance of the bond or security and the following conditions are met:
    (1) You must complete Service Form 3-2095, Cash Bond for Release of 
Seized Property;
    (2) The Service may release your seized property only to you (the 
owner) or your designated representative; and
    (3) Your possession of the property may not violate or undermine the 
purpose or policy of any applicable law or regulation.



                   Subpart B_Notification Requirements



Sec.  12.11  How is personal notification of seizure and proposed
forfeiture provided?

    An administrative forfeiture proceeding begins when notice is first 
published in accordance with Sec.  12.12, or the first personal written 
notice is sent in accordance with the regulations in this section, 
whichever occurs first.
    (a) Manner of providing notice. After seizing property subject to 
administrative forfeiture, the Service or the Solicitor, in addition to 
publishing notice of the seizure, will send personal written notice of 
the seizure to each interested party in a manner reasonably calculated 
to reach such parties. The notice of seizure and proposed forfeiture 
will not be sent to any person who signed an abandonment form. The 
notice of seizure and proposed forfeiture will be sent by U.S. 
registered or certified mail, express mail, or commercial carrier, all 
with proof of delivery and return receipt requested. The notice will be 
sent to an address that has been provided on shipping or other documents 
accompanying the property or on your permit or license application, 
unless the Service or the Solicitor has actual notice of a different 
address.
    (b) Content of personal written notice. The personal written notice 
sent by the Service or the Solicitor will contain the following 
information:
    (1) A description of the seized property;
    (2) The name, title, and business address to whom any petition for 
remission or claim for judicial proceedings must be filed, as well as a 
seizure tag number;
    (3) The date and place of seizure, and the estimated value of the 
property as determined under Sec.  12.3;
    (4) A reference to provisions of law or regulations under which the 
property is subject to forfeiture;
    (5) A statement that the Service or the Solicitor intends to proceed 
with administrative forfeiture proceedings;
    (6) The date when the personal written notice is sent;
    (7) The deadline for filing claims for judicial forfeiture 
proceedings, which is 35 days after the personal written

[[Page 58]]

notice is sent, as well as the deadline for filing petitions for 
remission; and
    (8) A statement that any interested party may file a claim or 
petition for remission by the deadline.
    (c) Date of personal notice. Personal written notice is sent on the 
date when the Service or the Solicitor places the notice in the mail, 
delivers it to a commercial carrier, or otherwise sends it by means 
reasonably calculated to reach the interested party.
    (d) Timing of notification. The Service or the Solicitor will notify 
you in writing of any seizure of your property as soon as practicable 
and not more than 60 days after the date of seizure. If property is 
detained at an international border or port of entry for the purpose of 
examination, testing, inspection, obtaining documentation, or other 
investigation relating to the importation or the exportation of the 
property, the 60-day period will begin to run when the period of 
detention ends, if the Service seizes the property for the purpose of 
forfeiture to the United States.
    (e) Exceptions to the 60-day notification requirement. The 
exceptions in 18 U.S.C. 983(a)(1), including but not limited to the 
exceptions listed in this paragraph (e), apply to the notice requirement 
under paragraph (d) of this section.
    (1) If the identity or interest of an interested party is determined 
after the seizure of the property but before entering a declaration of 
forfeiture, the Service or the Solicitor will send written notice to 
such interested party under paragraph (a) of this section not more than 
60 days after the date that the identity of the interested party or the 
interested party's interest is determined.
    (2) For the purposes of this section, we do not consider property 
that has been refused entry, held for identification, held for an 
investigation as evidence, or detained for less than 30 days under part 
14 of this chapter, to be seized.
    (3) If, before the time period for sending notice expires, the 
Government files a civil judicial forfeiture action against the seized 
property and provides notice of such action as required by law, personal 
notice of administrative forfeiture is not required under paragraph (a) 
of this section.
    (4) If, before the time period for sending notice expires, the 
Government does not file a civil judicial forfeiture action, but does 
obtain a criminal indictment containing an allegation that the property 
is subject to forfeiture, the Government will either:
    (i) Send notice within the 60 days specified under paragraph (a) of 
this section and continue the administrative civil forfeiture 
proceeding; or
    (ii) Terminate the administrative civil forfeiture proceeding and 
take the steps necessary to preserve its right to maintain custody of 
the property as provided in the applicable criminal forfeiture statute.
    (f) Extensions to the 60-day notification requirement. The Director 
may extend the 60-day deadline for sending personal written notice under 
these regulations in a particular case one time, for a period not to 
exceed 30 days, unless further extended by a court, only if the Director 
determines that the notice may have an adverse result including 
endangering the life or physical safety of an individual, flight from 
prosecution, destruction of or tampering with evidence, intimidation of 
potential witnesses, or otherwise seriously jeopardizing an 
investigation or unduly delaying a trial.



Sec.  12.12  How is public notification of seizure and proposed forfeiture
provided?

    (a) After seizing property subject to administrative forfeiture, the 
Service will select from the following options a means of publication 
reasonably calculated to notify potential claimants of the seizure and 
the Service's intent to forfeit and sell or otherwise dispose of the 
property:
    (1) Publication once each week for at least 3 successive weeks in a 
newspaper generally circulated in the judicial district where the 
property was seized; or
    (2) Posting a notice on the official government internet site at 
http://www.fws.gov/fwsforfeiture/ for at least 30 consecutive days.
    (b) The published notice will:
    (1) Describe the seized property;
    (2) State the date, statutory basis, and place of seizure;

[[Page 59]]

    (3) State the deadline for filing a claim when personal written 
notice has not been received, which must be at least 30 days after the 
date of final publication of the notice of seizure; and
    (4) State the name, title, and business address to whom any petition 
for remission or claim for judicial proceedings must be filed.



Sec.  12.13  How is a declaration of forfeiture issued?

    (a) If the seizing agency commences a timely proceeding against 
property subject to administrative forfeiture, and either no valid and 
timely claim is filed or the seized property is not released in response 
to a petition or supplemental petition for remission, the Service or the 
Solicitor will declare the property forfeited to the United States for 
disposition according to law. The declaration of forfeiture will have 
the same force and effect as a final decree and order of forfeiture in a 
Federal judicial forfeiture proceeding.
    (b) The declaration of forfeiture will describe the property and 
state the date, time, place, and reason for the seizure of the property. 
The declaration of forfeiture will refer to the notice of seizure and 
proposed forfeiture and describe the dates and manner in which the 
notice of seizure and proposed forfeiture was sent to you. If we have no 
proof of delivery to you of the notice of seizure and proposed 
forfeiture, the declaration of forfeiture will describe the efforts made 
to deliver the notice of seizure and proposed forfeiture to you.



Sec.  12.14  What happens if the required notification of seizure and
proposed forfeiture is not provided?

    Under 18 U.S.C. 983(a)(1)(F), if the Service or the Solicitor does 
not send notice of a seizure of property in accordance with that section 
to the person from whom the property was seized, and no extension of 
time was granted, the Government is required to return the property to 
that person, unless the property is contraband or other property that is 
illegal to possess. Any return of property under this section does not 
prejudice the right of the Government to commence a forfeiture 
proceeding at a later time.



                    Subpart C_Forfeiture Proceedings



Sec.  12.31  What are the basic types of forfeiture proceedings?

    (a) Property seized for violations of the laws identified in Sec.  
12.2 and subject to forfeiture may be forfeited, depending upon the 
nature of the property and the law involved, through criminal forfeiture 
proceedings, civil judicial procedures, or civil administrative 
procedures.
    (b) The process used also may be determined in certain circumstances 
by the actions of an interested party. For example, a person claiming 
property seized in an administrative civil forfeiture proceeding under a 
civil forfeiture statute may choose to file a claim after the seizure 
rather than to pursue administrative relief through a petition for 
remission of forfeiture.
    (c) A claim that is timely and contains the information required by 
Sec.  12.36 will terminate the administrative proceeding and will cause 
the Service, through the Solicitor, to refer the claim to the U.S. 
Department of Justice with the request that a judicial forfeiture action 
be instituted in Federal court.



Sec.  12.32  When may the Service or the Solicitor obtain administrative
forfeiture of my property?

    If your fish, wildlife, plant or other property is subject to 
forfeiture under any Act listed in Sec.  12.2, and it is also property 
subject to administrative forfeiture, the Service or the Solicitor may 
initiate an administrative forfeiture proceeding of the property under 
the forfeiture procedures described in this subpart.



Sec.  12.33  How do I file a petition for remission of forfeiture requesting
the release of my property?

    (a) If you are an interested party, you may file a petition for 
remission of forfeiture with the Service to return seized property that 
is subject to administrative forfeiture. Upon receiving the petition, 
the Service will refer the petition to the Solicitor to decide whether 
to grant relief.
    (b) You must file your petition for remission within 35 days from 
the date of the delivery of the notice of seizure and

[[Page 60]]

proposed forfeiture, if you or any interested party receives the notice 
of seizure and proposed forfeiture. If you do not receive the notice of 
seizure and proposed forfeiture, we must receive the petition for 
remission that you file not later than 30 days from the date of last 
posting of the public notice of the seizure of the property.
    (c) Petitions for remission of forfeiture must be concise and 
logically presented to facilitate review by the Solicitor. The Solicitor 
may dismiss a petition for remission that fails to substantially comply 
with any of the information required by this paragraph (c). The petition 
for remission of forfeiture must contain the following:
    (1) The name and address of the person claiming the interest in the 
seized property who is seeking remission.
    (2) The name of the seizing agency, the asset identifier number, and 
the date and place of seizure.
    (3) A complete description of the property.
    (4) A description of the petitioner's interest in the property as 
owner, lienholder, or otherwise, supported by original or certified 
bills of sale, contracts, deeds, mortgages, or other documentary 
evidence.
    (5) A statement containing all of the facts and circumstances you 
use to justify the remission of the forfeiture. If you rely on an 
exemption or an exception to a prohibition under any Act listed in Sec.  
12.2, you must demonstrate how that exemption or exception applies to 
your particular situation.
    (6) A statement containing all of the facts and circumstances you 
contend support any innocent owner's defense allowed by 18 U.S.C 983(d) 
that you are asserting. No person may assert an innocent owner's 
interest in property that is contraband or other property that is 
illegal to possess. A petitioner has the burden of proving by a 
preponderance of the evidence that the petitioner is an ``innocent 
owner'' as defined in 18 U.S.C 983(d).
    (7) A statement that the information furnished is, to the best of 
your knowledge and belief, complete, true, and correct and that you 
recognize false statements may subject you to criminal penalties under 
18 U.S.C 1001.
    (d) In addition to the contents of the petition for remission 
described in paragraph (c) of this section, upon request, the petitioner 
must also furnish the agency with instruments executed by each known 
party with an interest in the property releasing that interest.
    (e) A petition for remission of property subject to administrative 
forfeiture must be addressed to the appropriate office identified in the 
notice of forfeiture.
    (f) Your petition for remission must be signed by you or your 
lawyer. If a lawyer files on behalf of the petitioner, the petition must 
include a signed and sworn statement by the client-petitioner stating 
that:
    (1) The lawyer has the authority to represent you in the proceeding;
    (2) You have fully reviewed the petition; and
    (3) The petition is truthful and accurate in every respect to the 
best of your knowledge and belief.
    (g) If the petitioner is a corporation, the petition must be signed 
by an authorized officer, supervisory employee of the corporation, or a 
lawyer representing the corporation, and the corporate seal must be 
properly affixed to the signature.
    (h) If you file a claim to the property, as described in Sec.  
12.36, the administrative proceeding will be terminated and the 
Solicitor will no longer have the opportunity or authority to review or 
rule on the petition for remission of the property.



Sec.  12.34  What are the standards for remission of forfeiture?

    (a) A petition for remission must include evidence that either:
    (1) The petitioner is an interested party or owner as defined in 
this part; or
    (2) The knowledge and responsibilities of the petitioner's 
representative, agent, or employee are ascribed to the petitioner where 
the representative, agent, or employee was acting in the course of his 
or her employment and in furtherance of the petitioner's business.
    (b) The petitioner has the burden of establishing the basis for 
granting a petition for remission of property and

[[Page 61]]

for granting a reconsideration of a denial of such a petition. Failure 
to provide information or documents or to submit to interviews, when 
requested by the Solicitor, may result in a denial of the petition.
    (c) The Solicitor will consider relevant information that you 
submit, as well as other information available to the Solicitor relating 
to the matter. The Solicitor will review the basis for the seizure, and 
in the absence of evidence to the contrary, will presume a valid 
seizure.
    (d) Willful, materially false statements or information, made or 
furnished by the petitioner in support of a petition for remission or 
the reconsideration of a denial of any such petition, will be grounds 
for denial of the petition and possible prosecution for filing of false 
statements.
    (e) The Solicitor will consider the following principles, if 
applicable, when making a decision on a petition for remission:
    (1) Remission is an equitable remedy and is discretionary with the 
Solicitor.
    (2) The Solicitor may grant remission of property if the Solicitor 
determines that mitigating circumstances justify the remission and then 
only under such terms and conditions as are reasonable and just.
    (i) Mitigating factors that may be considered for the sole and 
limited purpose of remission of forfeiture include, but are not limited 
to, whether:
    (A) The facts demonstrate your honest and good-faith intent and 
effort to comply with the law;
    (B) You did not have the ability to prevent the violation;
    (C) No evidence exists that you have engaged in past conduct similar 
to the violation;
    (D) You have taken meaningful steps, including enforcement 
mechanisms (e.g., contractual or monetary), to prevent any violations; 
and
    (E) The return of the property combined with imposition of monetary 
and/or other conditions of mitigation in lieu of a complete forfeiture 
will promote the interest of justice.
    (ii) These factors are not intended to be all inclusive and do not 
constitute authority in and of themselves.
    (3) The Solicitor will make all remission decisions with due 
consideration for the cumulative conservation impacts of the remission 
including, but not limited to, whether:
    (i) The species is listed in Appendix I, II, or III under the 
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna 
and Flora (CITES) (See Sec.  23.91 of this chapter);
    (ii) The species is listed in part 17 of this chapter as 
``threatened'' or ``endangered'' under the Endangered Species Act (16 
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.);
    (iii) The violation increased the regulatory burden on government 
agencies; or
    (iv) Remission may have an adverse effect on the integrity of any 
applicable permitting system or may provide an incentive to third 
parties to avoid meeting CITES requirements.
    (4) The Solicitor has the discretion to condition a grant of 
remission of the seized property, in whole or in part, on terms and 
conditions that are reasonable and just. The Solicitor further has the 
discretion to grant remission for the limited purpose of directed 
reexport to the exporter of record provided that the reexport benefits 
enforcement and administration of applicable wildlife laws. Any terms 
and conditions of remission will be in writing and may include but are 
not limited to payment of those costs and expenses that the United 
States may, as a matter of applicable law, recover for the property.
    (i) Shipment of any released property will be at your sole cost, and 
the risk of loss from such shipment will be your risk.
    (ii) Property for which remission is granted will be released only 
after successful completion of all terms and conditions of remission, 
proper identification of the recipient of the property, and your 
execution of a property receipt provided by the Solicitor or the Service 
acknowledging receipt of the remitted property.
    (5) Any decision to grant remission is separate from and does not 
preclude or otherwise provide relief from civil enforcement against the 
person or persons who committed the violations associated with the 
seizure and proposed forfeiture of the property. To expedite the 
resolution of any civil penalties

[[Page 62]]

that may be brought against you under the ESA (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), 
the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981 (16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.), or the Bald 
and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.) in connection 
with violations involving any wildlife for which remission is to be 
granted, the Solicitor has the sole discretion to give you the 
opportunity to completely or partially settle the civil penalty claim at 
the same time that remission is granted by executing a written agreement 
setting forth the terms and conditions of the civil penalty settlement. 
Such an agreement may be included in the written documentation of the 
terms and conditions of the parallel remission of forfeiture provided 
that:
    (i) The terms and conditions of the civil penalty settlement are 
clearly delineated as relating separately and solely to any civil 
penalty claims; and
    (ii) The wildlife owner agrees in writing to waive any notice of 
violation and notice of assessment required by part 11 of this 
subchapter and the opportunity for a hearing as conditions of civil 
penalty settlement.



Sec.  12.35  How will the Solicitor notify me of the decision on my
petition for remission?

    (a) The Solicitor will notify you in writing of any decision to 
grant or deny a petition for remission or to dismiss the petition for 
failure to provide the information required in this part or to timely 
file that petition. The notification will advise you of the reasons for 
the decision made and the options, if any, available to you for 
addressing the decision.
    (b) In the event that the Solicitor denies your petition for 
remission of forfeiture, you may file a supplemental petition for 
reconsideration if you have information or evidence not previously 
considered that is material to the basis for the denial or new 
documentation clearly demonstrating that the denial was erroneous. A 
supplemental petition must be received within 60 days from the date of 
the Solicitor's notification denying the original petition. You may file 
only one supplemental petition. The Solicitor's decision on your 
petition for remission will be the decision for the Service.



Sec.  12.36  How do I file a claim to get back my seized property?

    (a) If you receive a notice of seizure and proposed forfeiture, you 
may file a claim to the property by the deadline stated in the notice of 
seizure and proposed forfeiture. This deadline will be 35 days after the 
notice is mailed.
    (b) If you did not receive a notice of seizure and proposed 
forfeiture, your claim must be received by the appropriate office not 
later than 30 days from the last date of final publication of the notice 
of the seizure of the property.
    (c) A claim does not have to be in any particular form, but your 
claim must: be in writing, identify the specific property being claimed, 
state your interest in the specific property being claimed, and be made 
under oath subject to penalty of perjury. We will make a claim form 
available to you upon request.
    (d) Your claim, by itself, will not entitle you or any other person 
to possession of the property. No bond is required to make a claim for 
judicial forfeiture proceedings. Rather, your claim will result in the 
Service referring the case, through the Solicitor, to the Department of 
Justice for civil judicial forfeiture. However, if you request 
possession of the property pending an administrative forfeiture decision 
under Sec.  12.6, you will be required to post a bond under Sec.  12.6 
if your request is granted. This bond is only required to obtain interim 
possession of the property.
    (e) Your claim must be made under oath by you as the claimant and 
not by an attorney or agent.
    (f) If you are an individual claimant, you must sign the claim.
    (1) If the claimant is a corporation or a form of limited liability 
business entity organized under a State law, an authorized officer or 
supervisory employee of the entity must sign the claim.
    (2) If the claimant is a partnership or limited partnership, any 
general partner may sign the claim.
    (3) If the claimant is a trust, estate, or fiduciary entity, such as 
a person to whom property is entrusted, the chief officer authorized by 
the trust, estate,

[[Page 63]]

or fiduciary entity must sign the claim.



Sec.  12.37  Can I get my property back while the claim is pending?

    If you have filed a claim and you think that continued possession of 
the property by the United States during the forfeiture proceeding will 
cause you substantial hardship, you may request under 18 U.S.C. 983(f) 
that the Service return the property to you pending the resolution of 
the judicial forfeiture proceeding. In determining whether to grant or 
deny your request, the Service will consider the factors set out in 18 
U.S.C. 983(f). You must furnish evidence substantiating the hardship, 
and that none of the conditions set forth in 18 U.S.C. 983(f)(8) apply; 
for example, the property may not be contraband.



Sec.  12.38  What happens if my property is subject to civil judicial
actions to obtain forfeiture?

    If a claim is filed in the forfeiture proceeding under Sec.  12.36, 
the Solicitor will refer the case to the Department of Justice to 
include in a civil forfeiture complaint or in a criminal indictment.



                    Subpart D_Abandonment Procedures



Sec.  12.51  May I simply abandon my interest in the property?

    You may voluntarily abandon your interest in property to the United 
States by signing Service Form 3-2096, Fish and Wildlife Abandonment 
Form, or equivalent Federal, State, Tribal, or local form, or by signed 
letter to the Service or the Solicitor containing substantially the same 
information as Form 3-2096.



Sec.  12.52  Can I file a petition for remission for my abandoned property?

    You may file a petition for remission of abandoned property with the 
Service and seek the return of property you had voluntarily abandoned, 
within the time period described in Sec.  12.33. If you have agreed to 
abandon property, your right to seek relief is limited to whatever 
process expressly was reserved in the abandonment document you signed.



          Subpart E_Disposal of Forfeited or Abandoned Property



Sec.  12.61  What is the purpose of this subpart?

    This subpart contains the provisions under which the Service will 
dispose of any property forfeited or abandoned to the United States.



Sec.  12.62  How does the Service keep track of forfeited or abandoned
property?

    The Service must account in official records for all property 
forfeited or abandoned under this subpart. These records must include 
the following information:
    (a) A description of the property;
    (b) The date and place of the seizure of the property, and, if 
appropriate, the seizure tag number, and the date of forfeiture or 
abandonment of the property;
    (c) The investigative case file number associated with the property;
    (d) The name of any person known to have or to have had an interest 
in the property;
    (e) The date, place, and manner of the disposal of the property;
    (f) The name of the official responsible for the disposal of the 
property; and
    (g) The value of the property.



Sec.  12.63  When may the Service return live fish, wildlife, or plants
to the wild?

    (a) The Service may release any live member of a native species of 
fish, wildlife, or plant that is capable of surviving in the wild into 
suitable habitat within the historical range of the species in the 
United States, with the permission of the landowner and the State, 
unless that release poses an imminent danger to public health or safety, 
or presents a known threat of disease transmission to other fish, 
wildlife, or plants.
    (b) The Service may transplant any live member of a native species 
of plant that is capable of surviving into suitable habitat on Federal 
or other protected lands within the historical

[[Page 64]]

range of the species in the United States, with the permission of the 
appropriate land-management agency.
    (c)(1) The Service may not return to the wild any live member of an 
exotic, nonnative species of fish, wildlife (including injurious 
wildlife), or plant, within the United States. The Service may return 
such live member that is capable of surviving in the wild to one of the 
following countries for return to suitable habitat:
    (i) The country of export, if known, after consultation with that 
country; or
    (ii) A country that is within the historical range of the species 
and that is a party to CITES (Treaties and Other International Acts 
Series, TIAS 8249) after consultation with that country.
    (2) Any return of fish, wildlife, or plants under paragraph (c)(1) 
of this section must comply with applicable laws, including CITES and 
the domestic laws of that country.
    (3) We may require that the return of fish, wildlife, or plants 
under paragraph (c)(1) of this section be at the expense of that 
country, the transporter, the violator, or others as provided by law.



Sec.  12.64  How does forfeiture or abandonment affect the status of
the property?

    (a) After property has been forfeited or abandoned, the prior 
illegal status of the property, due to violations of any Act listed in 
Sec.  12.2 that led to the forfeiture or abandonment of the property, is 
terminated. However, any subsequent holder or owner of the property must 
comply with all prohibitions, restrictions, conditions, or requirements 
that apply to a particular species of fish, wildlife, or plant under any 
Act listed in Sec.  12.2, or any other applicable Federal, State, 
Tribal, or foreign law or regulation.
    (b) When releasing property under the provisions of this subpart, 
the Service will prescribe the conditions under which the property may 
be possessed and used and will reserve the right to resume possession of 
the property if it is possessed or used in violation of those 
conditions.



Sec.  12.65  How does the Service dispose of forfeited or abandoned 
property?

    (a) The Service will dispose of any fish, wildlife, or plant 
forfeited or abandoned by one of the following means, unless the item is 
the subject of a petition for remission of forfeiture under Sec.  12.33 
or disposed of by court order (items will be disposed of in order of 
priority listed below):
    (1) Return to the wild, as described in Sec.  12.63(a);
    (2) Transfer for use by the Service; transfer to the National Eagle 
and Wildlife Property Repository; transfer to a Tribe, where the item is 
credibly identified as an object of cultural patrimony; or transfer to 
another government agency for official use;
    (3) Donation or loan;
    (4) Sale; or
    (5) Destruction.
    (b) The Service may use forfeited or abandoned fish, wildlife, or 
plants or transfer them to another government agency, including foreign 
government agencies, for official use including, but not limited to, one 
or more of the following purposes:
    (1) Training government officials to perform their official duties;
    (2) Identifying protected fish, wildlife, or plants, including 
forensic identification or research;
    (3) Educating the public concerning the conservation of fish, 
wildlife, or plants;
    (4) Conducting law enforcement operations in performance of official 
duties;
    (5) Enhancing the propagation or survival of a species or other 
scientific purposes;
    (6) Presenting as evidence in a legal proceeding involving the fish, 
wildlife, or plants; or
    (7) Returning the live fish, wildlife, or plants to the wild under 
Sec.  12.63.
    (c) The Service must document each transfer and the terms of each 
transfer.
    (d) A government agency, including a foreign government agency, 
receiving the fish, wildlife, or plants may be required to pay all of 
the costs of care, storage, and transportation in connection with the 
transfer of the fish, wildlife, or plants, from the date of seizure, 
refused entry, or detention to the date of delivery.

[[Page 65]]

    (e) The Service must dispose of forfeited or abandoned property, 
other than fish, wildlife, or plants, including vehicles, vessels, 
aircraft, cargo, guns, nets, traps, and other equipment, as allowed 
under current Federal property management regulations.
    (f) When disposing of property, the Service must follow these 
guidelines:
    (1) The Service may dispose of any live fish, wildlife, or plant 
immediately upon order of forfeiture or abandonment of the property, if 
the Service determines that the property is likely to perish, 
deteriorate, decay, waste, or greatly decrease in value if maintained by 
the Service, or if the expense of maintaining that property is 
disproportionate to its value; or
    (2) The Service may dispose of all other property no sooner than 30 
days after an order of forfeiture or abandonment of the property.
    (g) If the property is the subject of a pending petition for 
remission of forfeiture under Sec.  12.35, the Service may not dispose 
of the property until the Solicitor or the Attorney General, pursuant to 
28 CFR part 9, makes a final decision regarding whether relief will be 
granted.



Sec.  12.66  How does the Service dispose of seized injurious fish
or wildlife?

    (a) The Service will order immediate reexport or destruction of any 
seized injurious fish or wildlife imported or transported in violation 
of our injurious species regulations in part 16 of this subchapter.
    (b) The importer, exporter, or transporter will be responsible for 
all costs associated with the reexport or destruction of any seized 
injurious fish or wildlife imported, exported, or transported in 
violation of our injurious species regulations in part 16 of this 
subchapter.
    (c) Any live or dead specimen, part, or product of any fish or 
wildlife species listed as injurious under part 16 of this subchapter 
will be disposed of in a manner that minimizes, to the greatest extent 
practicable, the possibility that additional specimens will be imported 
or transported in violation of our injurious species regulations in part 
16 of this subchapter.



Sec.  12.67  When may the Service donate forfeited or abandoned property?

    (a) The Service may donate forfeited or abandoned fish, wildlife, or 
plants, for scientific, educational, or public display purposes, when 
consistent with applicable law. The donation may be made to any person, 
government agency (including foreign government agencies) or public 
organization, as defined in Sec.  10.12 of this subchapter. The donee 
must have the demonstrated ability to provide adequate care and security 
for the fish, wildlife, or plants.
    (b) A transfer document between the Service and the person, 
government agency (foreign or domestic), or public organization 
receiving the fish, wildlife, or plants, must be completed before any 
donation of fish, wildlife, or plants takes place. Form SF-123, Transfer 
Order Surplus Personal Property, should be used for transfers with 
agencies or persons outside of the Department of the Interior, and Form 
DI-104, Transfer of Property, should be used for transfers with agencies 
within the Department of the Interior. The donation is subject to the 
following conditions:
    (1) The transfer document must state the purpose for which the fish, 
wildlife, or plants will be used.
    (2) Any attempt by the recipient to use the donation for any purpose 
other than that specifically stated on the transfer document entitles 
the Service to immediately repossess the fish, wildlife, or plants or 
their offspring.
    (3) The recipient may be required to pay all of the costs associated 
with the transfer of the fish, wildlife, or plants, or their offspring, 
including the costs of care, storage, transportation, and return to the 
Service, if applicable.
    (4) The recipient may not sell the fish, wildlife, or plants, or 
their offspring.
    (5) The recipient may be required to show the Form SF-123, DI-104, 
or any other transfer document that was received.
    (6) The recipient is subject to the prohibitions, restrictions, 
conditions, or requirements that may apply to a particular species of 
fish, wildlife, or plant imposed by Federal, State, Tribal, or foreign 
law or regulation.

[[Page 66]]

    (7) Any attempt to retransfer a donation without the prior 
authorization of the Service entitles the Service to immediately 
repossess the fish, wildlife, or plants, or their offspring.
    (8) At all reasonable times, upon prior notice, the recipient must 
provide authorized Service officers access to the location where the 
donation is kept for the purposes of inspecting the donation and all 
associated records pertaining to the donation.
    (9) Any donation is subject to the conditions specified in the 
transfer document, including, without limitation, any time periods, and 
any violation of these specific conditions entitles the Service to 
immediately repossess the fish, wildlife, or plants, or their offspring.
    (c) The Service will not donate live fish, wildlife, or plants for 
human consumption.



Sec.  12.68  When may the Service loan forfeited or abandoned property?

    (a) The Service may loan forfeited or abandoned property, fish, 
wildlife, or plants, for scientific, educational, or public display 
purposes, when consistent with applicable law. The loan may be made to 
any person, government agency (including foreign government agencies) or 
public organization, as defined in Sec.  10.12 of this subchapter. The 
recipient must have the demonstrated ability to provide adequate care 
and security for the fish, wildlife, or plants.
    (b) A transfer document between the Service and the person, 
government agency (foreign or domestic), or public organization 
receiving the fish, wildlife, or plants must be completed before any 
loan of fish, wildlife, or plant takes place. Form SF-123, Transfer 
Order Surplus Personal Property, should be used for transfers with 
agencies or persons outside of the Department of the Interior, and Form 
DI-104, Transfer of Property, should be used for transfers with agencies 
within the Department of the Interior. The loan is subject to the 
following conditions:
    (1) The transfer document must state the purpose for which the fish, 
wildlife, or plants will be used.
    (2) Any attempt by the recipient to use the loan for any purpose 
other than that specifically stated on the transfer document entitles 
the Service to immediately repossess the fish, wildlife, or plants or 
their offspring.
    (3) The recipient may be required to pay all of the costs associated 
with the transfer of the fish, wildlife, or plants, or their offspring, 
including the costs of care, storage, transportation, and return to the 
Service, if applicable.
    (4) The recipient may not sell the fish, wildlife, or plants, or 
their offspring.
    (5) The recipient may be subject to a periodic accounting of the 
care and use of the loaned fish, wildlife, or plants, or their 
offspring.
    (6) The recipient is subject to the prohibitions, restrictions, 
conditions, or requirements that may apply to a particular species of 
fish, wildlife, or plant imposed by Federal, State, Tribal, or foreign 
law or regulation.
    (7) Any attempt to retransfer a loan without the prior authorization 
of the Service entitles the Service to immediately repossess the fish, 
wildlife, or plants, or their offspring.
    (8) At all reasonable times, upon prior notice, the recipient must 
provide authorized Service officers access to the location where the 
loan is kept for the purposes of inspecting the loan and all associated 
records pertaining to the loan.
    (9) Any loan is subject to the conditions specified in the transfer 
document, including, without limitation, any time periods, and any 
violation of these specific conditions entitles the Service to 
immediately repossess the fish, wildlife, or plants, or their offspring.
    (10) Any loan is in effect for an indefinite period of time unless 
the transfer document specifies a date for returning the loan to the 
Service.
    (11) Any loan remains the property of the United States, and the 
Service may demand the return of the loan at any time, and the recipient 
cannot prevent that return.



Sec.  12.69  When may the Service sell forfeited or abandoned property?

    (a) The Service may sell, or offer for sale, forfeited or abandoned 
fish, wildlife, or plants, except any species,

[[Page 67]]

which at the time of sale or offer for sale, is:
    (1) Listed in part 10 of this subchapter as a migratory bird 
protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.);
    (2) Protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 
U.S.C. 668 et seq.);
    (3) Listed in Appendix I, or in Appendix II with an annotation 
(limiting commercial use of specimens of the species or where specimens 
of the species are treated as if listed in Appendix I), under the 
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna 
and Flora (CITES) (See Sec.  23.91 of this chapter);
    (4) Listed in part 17 of this chapter as ``endangered'' or 
``threatened'' under the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et 
seq.);
    (5) Protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 
U.S.C. 1361 et seq.);
    (6) Regulated as an injurious species under our injurious species 
regulations in part 16 of this chapter;
    (7) The African elephant (Loxodonta species);
    (8) Protected under the Wild Bird Conservation Act, (16 U.S.C. 4901 
et seq.); or
    (9) Protected under the Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act (16 
U.S.C. 5301 et seq.);
    (10) Protected under the Big Cat Public Safety Act (16 U.S.C. 
3371(h), 3372(e), 117 Public Law 243, 136 Stat. 2336); or
    (11) Any fish, wildlife, or plant that is prohibited for export by 
the country of origin of the species.
    (b) If the Service chooses to dispose of fish, wildlife, or plants 
by sale, we must do so under current Federal property management 
regulations or Customs laws and regulations, except that the Service may 
sell any fish, wildlife, or plants immediately to the highest bidder 
above the set minimum bid, if the Service determines that the fish, 
wildlife, or plants are likely to perish, deteriorate, decay, waste, or 
greatly decrease in value by keeping, or that the expense of keeping the 
fish, wildlife, or plants is disproportionate to their value.
    (c) The Service may transport fish, wildlife, or plants that may not 
be possessed lawfully by purchasers under the laws of the State where 
the fish, wildlife, or plants are held to a State where possession of 
the fish, wildlife, or plants is lawful and the fish, wildlife, or 
plants may be sold.
    (d) Fish, wildlife, or plants purchased at sale are subject to the 
prohibitions, restrictions, conditions, or requirements that apply to a 
particular species of fish, wildlife or plant imposed by Federal, State, 
or Tribal or foreign law or regulation.



Sec.  12.70  When may the Service destroy forfeited or abandoned property?

    (a) The Service may destroy fish, wildlife, or plants under the 
provisions set forth in Sec. Sec.  12.65 and 12.66.
    (b) The Service official who performs the destruction of fish, 
wildlife, or plants and a witness must certify the completion of the 
destruction, the method of the destruction, the date of the destruction, 
and the type and quantity of fish, wildlife, or plants destroyed.
    (c) The Service will comply with all applicable laws regarding the 
destruction of the fish, wildlife, or plants and regarding the disposal 
of any residue or wastes resulting from the method of the destruction of 
the fish, wildlife, or plants.



       Subpart F_Recovery of Storage Costs and Return of Property



Sec.  12.81  When can the Service assess fees for costs incurred by the 
transfer, boarding, handling, or storage of property seized or forfeited?

    (a) If any fish, wildlife, plant, or item of evidence is seized or 
forfeited under the ESA (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), you or any person 
whose act or omission was the basis for the seizure will be charged a 
reasonable fee for expenses to the United States connected with the 
transfer, boarding, handling, or storage of the seized or forfeited 
property. If any fish, wildlife, or plant is seized in connection with a 
violation of the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981 (16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.), 
you or any person convicted or assessed a civil penalty for this 
violation will be assessed a reasonable fee for expenses of the United

[[Page 68]]

States connected with the storage, care, and maintenance of the 
property.
    (1) Within a reasonable time after seizure or forfeiture, the 
Service may send by registered mail, certified mail, or private courier, 
return receipt requested, a bill for this fee. The bill will contain an 
itemized statement of the applicable costs, together with instructions 
on the time and manner of payment.
    (2) You must make payment under terms of the bill. If you fail to 
pay, you may be subject to collection proceedings under the Federal 
Claim Collection Act, 31 U.S.C. 3711 et seq., as well as the Federal 
Debt Collection Act, 31 U.S.C. 3701 et seq., and the possible refusal of 
clearance of future shipments, and disqualification from receiving or 
exercising the privileges of any Service permit.
    (b) If you object to the costs described in the bill, you may, 
within 30 days of the date on which you received the bill, file written 
objections with the SAC for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of 
Law Enforcement in the region in which the seizure occurred. Upon 
receipt of the written objections, the SAC will promptly review them 
and, within 30 days, deliver in writing a final decision. In all cases, 
the SAC's decision will constitute final administrative action on the 
matter.



Sec.  12.82  How will my property be returned if my petition or claim 
is successful?

    If, at the conclusion of the appropriate proceedings, seized 
property is to be returned to the owner or consignee, the Solicitor or 
Service will issue a letter or other document authorizing its return. 
This letter or other document will be delivered personally or sent by 
registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, and will 
identify the owner or consignee, the seized property, and, if 
appropriate, the custodian of the seized property. It will also provide 
that, upon presentation of the letter or other document and proper 
identification, and the signing of a receipt provided by the Solicitor 
or the Service, the seized property is authorized to be released, 
provided it is properly marked in accordance with applicable State or 
Federal requirements.



PART 13_GENERAL PERMIT PROCEDURES--Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
13.1 General.
13.2 Purpose of regulations.
13.3 Scope of regulations.
13.4 Emergency variation from requirements.
13.5 Information collection requirements.

                    Subpart B_Application for Permits

13.11 Application procedures.
13.12 General information requirements on applications for permits.

                     Subpart C_Permit Administration

13.21 Issuance of permits.
13.22 Renewal of permits.
13.23 Amendment of permits.
13.24 Right of succession by certain persons.
13.25 Transfer of permits and scope of permit authorization.
13.26 Discontinuance of permit activity.
13.27 Permit suspension.
13.28 Permit revocation.
13.29 Review procedures.

                          Subpart D_Conditions

13.41 Humane conditions.
13.42 Permits are specific.
13.43 Alteration of permits.
13.44 Display of permit.
13.45 Filing of reports.
13.46 Maintenance of records.
13.47 Inspection requirement.
13.48 Compliance with conditions of permit.
13.49 Surrender of permit.
13.50 Acceptance of liability.

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668a, 704, 712, 742j-l, 1374(g), 1382, 1538(d), 
1539, 1540(f), 3374, 4901-4916; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 1202; 31 U.S.C. 
9701.

    Source: 39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  13.1  General.

    (a) A person must obtain a valid permit before commencing an 
activity for which a permit is required by this subchapter, except as 
provided in Sec.  23.53 of this subchapter for retrospective permits for 
certain CITES shipments under very specific situations.

[[Page 69]]

    (b) A person must apply for such a permit under the general permit 
procedures of this part and any other regulations in this subchapter 
that apply to the proposed activity.
    (1) The requirements of all applicable parts of this subchapter must 
be met.
    (2) A person may submit one application that includes the 
information required in each part of this subchapter, and a single 
permit will be issued if appropriate.

[72 FR 48445, Aug. 23, 2007]



Sec.  13.2  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part provide uniform rules, 
conditions, and procedures for the application for and the issuance, 
denial, suspension, revocation, and general administration of all 
permits issued pursuant to this subchapter B.

[54 FR 38147, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.3  Scope of regulations.

    The provisions in this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu 
of, other permit regulations of this subchapter and apply to all permits 
issued thereunder, including ``Importation, Exportation and 
Transportation of Wildlife'' (part 14), ``Wild Bird Conservation Act'' 
(part 15), ``Injurious Wildlife'' (part 16), ``Endangered and Threatened 
Wildlife and Plants'' (part 17), ``Marine Mammals'' (part 18), 
``Migratory Bird Permits'' (part 21), ``Eagle Permits'' (part 22), and 
`` Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna 
and Flora (CITES)'' (part 23). As used in this part 13, the term 
``permit'' will refer to a license, permit, certificate, letter of 
authorization, or other document as the context may require, and to all 
such documents issued by the Service or other authorized U.S. or foreign 
government agencies.

[70 FR 18317, Apr. 11, 2005, as amended at 79 FR 30417, May 27, 2014]



Sec.  13.4  Emergency variation from requirements.

    The Director may approve variations from the requirements of this 
part when he finds that an emergency exists and that the proposed 
variations will not hinder effective administration of this subchapter 
B, and will not be unlawful.



Sec.  13.5  Information collection requirements.

    (a) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information 
collection requirements contained in this part 13 under 44 U.S.C. and 
assigned OMB Control Number 1018-0092. The Service may not conduct or 
sponsor, and you are not required to respond, to a collection of 
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We 
are collecting this information to provide information necessary to 
evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review 
permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria 
established in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and 
regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial permits. 
You must respond to obtain or retain a permit.
    (b) We estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting 
requirements to vary from 15 minutes to 4 hours per response, with an 
average of 0.803 hours per response, including time for reviewing 
instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and 
reviewing the forms. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or 
any other aspect of these reporting requirements to the Service 
Information Collection Control Officer, MS-222 ARLSQ, U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, Washington, DC 20240, or the Office of Management and 
Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (1018-0092), Washington, DC 20603.

[63 FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998]



                    Subpart B_Application for Permits



Sec.  13.11  Application procedures.

    The Service may not issue a permit for any activity authorized by 
this subchapter B unless you have filed an application under the 
following procedures:
    (a) Forms. Applications must be submitted in writing on a Federal 
Fish and Wildlife License/Permit Application (Form 3-200) or as 
otherwise specifically directed by the Service.

[[Page 70]]

    (b) Forwarding instructions. Applications for permits in the 
following categories should be forwarded to the issuing office indicated 
below.
    (1) You may obtain applications for migratory bird banding permits 
(50 CFR 21.70) by writing to: Bird Banding Laboratory, USGS Patuxent 
Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, Maryland 
20708-4037. Submit completed permit applications to the same address.
    (2) You may obtain applications for designated port exception 
permits and import/export licenses (50 CFR 14) by writing to the Special 
Agent in Charge (SAC) of the Region in which you reside (see 50 CFR 2.2 
or the Service Web site, http://www.fws.gov, for addresses and 
boundaries of the Regions). Submit completed permit applications to the 
same address.
    (3) You may obtain applications for Wild Bird Conservation Act 
permits (50 CFR part 15); injurious wildlife permits (50 CFR part 16); 
captive-bred wildlife registrations (50 CFR part 17); permits 
authorizing import, export, or foreign commerce of endangered and 
threatened species, and interstate commerce of nonnative endangered or 
threatened species (50 CFR part 17); marine mammal permits (50 CFR part 
18); and permits and certificates for import, export, and re-export of 
species listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered 
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (50 CFR part 23) from the 
Service's permits Web page at http://www.fws.gov/permits/ or from the 
Division of Management Authority at the address provided at 50 CFR 
2.1(b). Submit completed permit applications to the same street address.
    (4) You may obtain Endangered Species Act permit applications (50 
CFR 17) for activities involving native endangered and threatened 
species, including incidental take, scientific purposes, enhancement of 
propagation or survival (i.e., recovery), and enhancement of survival by 
writing to the Regional Director (Attention: Endangered Species Permits) 
of the Region where the activity is to take place (see 50 CFR 2.2 or the 
Service Web site, http://www.fws.gov, for addresses and boundaries of 
the Regions). Submit completed applications to the same address (the 
Regional office covering the area where the activity will take place). 
Permit applications for interstate commerce for native endangered and 
threatened species should be obtained by writing to the Regional 
Director (Attention: Endangered Species Permits) of the Region that has 
the lead for the particular species, rather than the Region where the 
activity will take place. You can obtain information on the lead Region 
via the Service's Endangered Species Program Web page (http://
endangered.fws.gov/wildlife.html) by entering the common or scientific 
name of the listed species in the Regulatory Profile query box. Send 
interstate commerce permit applications for native listed species to the 
same Regional Office that has the lead for that species. Endangered 
Species Act permit applications for the import or export of native 
endangered and threatened species may be obtained from the Division of 
Management Authority in accordance with paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section.
    (5) You may obtain applications for bald and golden eagle permits 
(50 CFR part 22) and migratory bird permits (50 CFR part 21), except for 
banding and marking permits, from, and you may submit completed 
applications to, the ``Migratory Bird Permit Program Office'' in the 
Region in which you reside. For addresses of the regional offices, see 
50 CFR 2.2, or go to: http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/mbpermits/
Addresses.html.
    (c) Time notice. The Service will process all applications as 
quickly as possible. However, we cannot guarantee final action within 
the time limit you request. You should ensure that applications for 
permits for marine mammals and/or endangered and threatened species are 
postmarked at least 90 calendar days prior to the requested effective 
date. The time we require for processing of endangered and threatened 
species incidental take permits will vary according to the project scope 
and significance of effects. Submit applications for all other permits 
to the issuing/reviewing office and ensure they are postmarked at least 
60 calendar days prior to the requested effective date. Our processing 
time may be

[[Page 71]]

increased by the procedural requirements of the National Environmental 
Policy Act (NEPA), the requirement to publish a notice in the Federal 
Register requesting a 30-day public comment period when we receive 
certain types of permit applications, and/or the time required for 
extensive consultation within the Service, with other Federal agencies, 
and/or State or foreign governments. When applicable, we may require 
permit applicants to provide additional information on the proposal and 
on its environmental effects as may be necessary to satisfy the 
procedural requirements of NEPA.
    (d) Fees. (1) Unless otherwise exempted under this paragraph (d), 
you must pay the required permit processing fee at the time that you 
apply for issuance or amendment of a permit. You must pay in U.S. 
dollars. If you submit a check or money order, it must be made payable 
to the ``U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.'' The Service will not refund 
any application fee under any circumstances if we have processed the 
application. However, we may return the application fee if you withdraw 
the application before we have significantly processed it.
    (2) If regulations in this subchapter require more than one type of 
permit for an activity and the permits are issued by the same office, 
the issuing office may issue one consolidated permit authorizing the 
activity in accordance with Sec.  13.1. You may submit a single 
application in such cases, provided that the single application contains 
all the information required by the separate applications for each 
permitted activity. Where more than one permitted activity is 
consolidated into one permit, the issuing office will charge the highest 
single fee for the activity permitted.
    (3) Circumstances under which we will not charge a permit 
application fee are as follows:
    (i) We will not charge a permit application fee to any Federal, 
tribal, State, or local government agency or to any individual or 
institution acting on behalf of such agency. Except as otherwise 
authorized or waived, if you fail to submit evidence of such status with 
your application, we will require the submission of all processing fees 
prior to the acceptance of the application for processing.
    (ii) As noted in paragraph (d)(4) of this section.
    (iii) We may waive the fee on a case-by-case basis for extraordinary 
extenuating circumstances provided that the issuing permit office and a 
Regional or Assistant Director approves the waiver.
    (4) User fees. The following table identifies specific fees for each 
permit application or amendment to a current permit. If no fee is 
identified under the Amendment Fee column, this particular permit either 
cannot be amended and a new application, and application fee, would need 
to be submitted or no fee will be charged for amending the permit 
(please contact the issuing office for further information).

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Permit application   Administration
          Type of permit                 CFR Citation               fee               fee\1\       Amendment fee
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Migratory Bird Treaty Act
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Migratory Bird Import/Export......  50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
Migratory Bird Banding or Marking.  50 CFR part 21.......  No fee...............
Migratory Bird Scientific           50 CFR part 21.......  100..................  ..............              50
 Collecting.
Migratory Bird Taxidermy..........  50 CFR part 21.......  100..................
Waterfowl Sale and Disposal.......  50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
Special Canada Goose..............  50 CFR part 21.......  No fee...............
Migratory Bird Special Purpose/     50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
 Education.
Migratory Bird Special Purpose/     50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
 Salvage.
Migratory Bird Special Purpose/     50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
 Game Bird Propagation.
Migratory Bird Special Purpose/     50 CFR part 21.......  100..................
 Miscellaneous.
Raptor Propagation................  50 CFR part 21.......  100..................
Migratory Bird Rehabilitation.....  50 CFR part 21.......  50...................
Migratory Bird Depredation........  50 CFR part 21.......  100..................  ..............              50
Migratory Bird Depredation/         50 CFR part 21.......  50...................
 Homeowner.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 72]]

 
                                      Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eagle Scientific Collecting.......  50 CFR part 22.......  100..................  ..............              50
Eagle Exhibition..................  50 CFR part 22.......  75...................
Eagle--Native American Religion...  50 CFR part 22.......  No fee...............
Eagle Take permits--Depredation     50 CFR part 22.......  100..................
 and Protection of Health and
 Safety.
Golden Eagle Nest Take............  50 CFR part 22.......  100..................  ..............              50
Eagle Transport--Scientific or      50 CFR part 22.......  75...................
 Exhibition.
Eagle Transport--Native American    50 CFR part 22.......  No fee...............
 Religious Purposes.
Eagle Incidental Take--Up to 5      50 CFR part 22.......  2,500................  ..............             500
 years, Commercial.
Eagle Incidental Take--Non-         50 CFR part 22.......  500..................  ..............             150
 commercial.
Eagle Incidental Take--5-30 years.  50 CFR part 22.......  36,000...............       \1\ 8,000
Eagle Incidental Take--Transfer of  50 CFR part 22.......  1,000................
 a permit.
Eagle Nest Take--Single nest,       50 CFR part 22.......  2,500................  ..............             500
 Commercial.
Eagle Nest Take--Single nest, Non-  50 CFR part 22.......  500..................  ..............             150
 commercial.
Eagle Nest Take--Multiple nests...  50 CFR part 22.......  5,000................  ..............             500
Eagle Take--Exempted under ESA....  50 CFR part 22.......  No fee...............
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     Endangered Species Act/CITES/Lacey Act
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ESA Recovery......................  50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
ESA Interstate Commerce...........  50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
ESA Enhancement of Survival (Safe   50 CFR part 17.......  50...................  ..............              25
 Harbor Agreement).
ESA Enhancement of Survival         50 CFR part 17.......  50...................  ..............              25
 (Candidate Conservation Agreement
 with Assurances).
ESA Incidental Take (Habitat        50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
 Conservation Plan).
ESA and CITES Import/Export and     50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
 Foreign Commerce.
ESA and CITES Museum Exchange.....  50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
ESA Captive-bred Wildlife           50 CFR part 17.......  200..................  ..............             100
 Registration.
--Renewal of Captive-bred Wildlife  50 CFR part 17.......  100..................
 Registration.
CITES Import (including trophies    50 CFR parts 17, 18,   100..................  ..............              50
 under ESA and MMPA).                23.
CITES Export......................  50 CFR part 23.......  100..................  ..............              50
CITES Pre-Convention..............  50 CFR part 23.......  75...................  ..............              40
CITES Certificate of Origin.......  50 CFR part 23.......  75...................  ..............              40
CITES Re-export...................  50 CFR part 23.......  75...................  ..............              40
CITES Personal Effects and Pet      50 CFR part 23.......  50...................
 Export/Re-export.
CITES Appendix II Export (native    50 CFR part 23.......  100..................  ..............              50
 furbearers and alligators--
 excluding live animals).
CITES Master File (includes files   50 CFR part 23.......  200..................  ..............             100
 for artificial propagation,
 biomedical, etc., and covers
 import, export, and re-export
 documents).
--Renewal of CITES Master File....  50 CFR part 23.......  100..................
--Single-use permits issued on      50 CFR part 23.......  5 \2\................
 Master File.
CITES Annual Program File.........  50 CFR part 23.......  50...................
--Single-use permits issued under   50 CFR part 23.......  5 \2\................
 Annual Program.
CITES replacement documents (lost,  50 CFR part 23.......  50...................  ..............              50
 stolen, or damaged documents).
CITES Passport for Traveling        50 CFR part 23.......  75 \3\...............
 Exhibitions and Pets.
CITES/ESA Passport for Traveling    50 CFR part 23.......  100 \3\..............
 Exhibitions.
CITES Introduction from the Sea...  50 CFR part 23.......  100..................  ..............              50
CITES Participation in the Plant    50 CFR part 23.......  No fee...............
 Rescue Center Program.
CITES Registration of Commercial    50 CFR part 23.......  100..................
 Breeding Operations for Appendix-
 I Wildlife.
CITES Request for Approval of an    50 CFR part 23.......  No fee...............
 Export Program for a State or
 Tribe (American Ginseng, Certain
 Furbearers, and American
 Alligator).
Import/Export License.............  50 CFR part 14.......  100..................  ..............              50
Designated Port Exception.........  50 CFR part 14.......  100..................  ..............              50
Injurious Wildlife Permit.........  50 CFR part 16.......  100..................  ..............              50
--Transport Authorization for       50 CFR part 16.......  25...................
 Injurious Wildlife.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        Wild Bird Conservation Act (WBCA)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personal Pet Import...............  50 CFR part 15.......  50...................
WBCA Scientific Research,           50 CFR part 15.......  100..................  ..............              50
 Zoological Breeding or Display,
 Cooperative Breeding.
WBCA Approval of Cooperative        50 CFR part 15.......  200..................  ..............             100
 Breeding Program.

[[Page 73]]

 
--Renewal of a WBCA Cooperative     50 CFR part 15.......  50...................
 Breeding Program.
WBCA Approval of a Foreign          50 CFR part 15.......  250 \4\..............
 Breeding Facility.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Marine Mammal Protection Act
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marine Mammal Public Display......  50 CFR part 18.......  300..................  ..............             150
Marine Mammal Scientific Research/  50 CFR part 18.......  150..................  ..............              75
 Enhancement/Registered Agent or
 Tannery.
--Renewal of Marine Mammal          50 CFR part 18.......  75...................  ..............
 Scientific Research/Enhancement/
 Registered Agent or Tannery.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ An additional Administration Fee of $8,000 will be assessed every 5 years for permits with durations longer
  than 5 years for permit review.
\2\ Each.
\3\ Per animal.
\4\ Per species.

    (5) We will charge a fee for substantive amendments made to permits 
within the time period that the permit is still valid. The fee is 
generally half the original fee assessed at the time that the permit is 
processed; see paragraph (d)(4) of this section for the exact amount. 
Substantive amendments are those that pertain to the purpose and 
conditions of the permit and are not purely administrative. 
Administrative changes, such as updating name and address information, 
are required under 13.23(c), and we will not charge a fee for such 
amendments.
    (6) Except as specifically noted in paragraph (d)(4) of this 
section, a permit renewal is an issuance of a new permit, and applicants 
for permit renewal must pay the appropriate fee listed in paragraph 
(d)(4) of this section.
    (e) Abandoned or incomplete applications. If we receive an 
incomplete or improperly executed application, or if you do not submit 
the proper fees, the issuing office will notify you of the deficiency. 
If you fail to supply the correct information to complete the 
application or to pay the required fees within 45 calendar days of the 
date of notification, we will consider the application abandoned. We 
will not refund any fees for an abandoned application.

[70 FR 18317, Apr. 11, 2005, as amended at 72 FR 48445, Aug. 23, 2007; 
73 FR 29083, May 20, 2008; 73 FR 42281, July 21, 2008; 74 FR 46875, 
Sept. 11, 2009; 78 FR 35152, June 12, 2013; 78 FR 73723, Dec. 9, 2013; 
79 FR 30417, May 27, 2014; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014; 81 FR 8002, Feb. 
17, 2016; 82 FR 41177, Aug. 30, 2017; 87 FR 880, Jan. 7, 2022]



Sec.  13.12  General information requirements on applications for permits.

    (a) General information required for all applications. All 
applications must contain the following information:
    (1) Applicant's full name and address (street address, city, county, 
state, and zip code; and mailing address if different from street 
address); home and work telephone numbers; and, if available, a fax 
number and e-mail address, and:
    (i) If the applicant resides or is located outside the United 
States, an address in the United States, and, if conducting commercial 
activities, the name and address of his or her agent that is located in 
the United States; and
    (ii) If the applicant is an individual, the date of birth, social 
security number, if available, occupation, and any business, agency, 
organizational, or institutional affiliation associated with the 
wildlife or plants to be covered by the license or permit; or
    (iii) If the applicant is a business, corporation, public agency, or 
institution, the tax identification number; description of the type of 
business, corporation, agency, or institution; and the name and title of 
the person responsible for the permit (such as president, principal 
officer, or director);
    (2) Location where the requested permitted activity is to occur or 
be conducted;
    (3) Reference to the part(s) and section(s) of this subchapter B as 
listed in paragraph (b) of this section under which the application is 
made for a

[[Page 74]]

permit or permits, together with any additional justification, including 
supporting documentation as required by the referenced part(s) and 
section(s);
    (4) If the requested permitted activity involves the import or re-
export of wildlife or plants from or to any foreign country, and the 
country of origin, or the country of export or re-export restricts the 
taking, possession, transportation, exportation, or sale of wildlife or 
plants, documentation as indicated in Sec.  14.52(c) of this subchapter 
B;
    (5) Certification in the following language:

    I hereby certify that I have read and am familiar with the 
regulations contained in title 50, part 13, of the Code of Federal 
Regulations and the other applicable parts in subchapter B of chapter I 
of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, and I further certify that the 
information submitted in this application for a permit is complete and 
accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. I understand that any 
false statement herein may subject me to suspension or revocation of 
this permit and to the criminal penalties of 18 U.S.C. 1001.

    (6) Desired effective date of permit except where issuance date is 
fixed by the part under which the permit is issued;
    (7) Date;
    (8) Signature of the applicant; and
    (9) Such other information as the Director determines relevant to 
the processing of the application, including, but not limited to, 
information on the environmental effects of the activity consistent with 
40 CFR 1506.5 and Departmental procedures at 516 DM 6, Appendix 1.3A.
    (b) Additional information required on permit applications. As 
stated in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, certain additional 
information is required on all permit applications. For CITES permit 
applications, see part 23 of this subchapter. Additional information 
required on applications for other types of permits may be found by 
referring to the sections of this subchapter cited in the following 
table:

                        Table 1 to Paragraph (b)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Type of permit                           Section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Importation at nondesignated ports:
  Scientific................................................       14.31
  Deterioration prevention..................................       14.32
  Economic hardship.........................................       14.33
Marking of package or container:
  Symbol marking............................................       14.83
  Import/export license.....................................       14.93
Feather import quota: Importation or entry..................       15.21
Injurious wildlife: Importation or shipment.................       16.22
Endangered wildlife and plant permits:
  Similarity of appearance..................................       17.52
  Scientific, enhancement of propagation or survival,              17.22
   incidental taking for wildlife...........................
  Scientific, propagation, or survival for plants...........       17.62
  Economic hardship for wildlife............................       17.23
  Economic hardship for plants..............................       17.63
Threatened wildlife and plant permits:
  Similarity of appearance..................................       17.52
  General for wildlife......................................       17.32
  General for plants........................................       17.72
Marine mammals permits:
  Scientific research.......................................       18.31
  Public display............................................       18.31
Migratory bird permits:
  Taxidermist...............................................       21.63
  Import and export.........................................       21.67
  Banding or marking........................................       21.70
  Scientific collecting.....................................       21.73
  Rehabilitation............................................       21.76
  Falconry..................................................       21.82
  Raptor propagation permit.................................       21.85
  Waterfowl sale and disposal...............................       21.88
  Special purpose...........................................       21.95
  Depredation...............................................      21.100
  Special Canada goose......................................      21.120
  Special double-crested cormorant..........................      21.123
Eagle permits:
  Scientific or exhibition..................................       22.50
  Indian religious use......................................       22.60
  Falconry purposes.........................................       22.70
  Take of golden eagle nests................................       22.75
  Eagle take--Associated with but not the purpose of an            22.80
   activity.................................................
  Eagle nest take...........................................       22.85
  Eagle take--Exempted under ESA............................       22.90
  Depredation and protection of health and safety...........      22.100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 10465, Feb. 22, 1977; 42 
FR 32377, June 24, 1977; 44 FR 54006, Sept. 17, 1979; 44 FR 59083, Oct. 
12, 1979; 45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 78154, Nov. 25, 1980; 46 FR 
42680, Aug. 24, 1981; 48 FR 31607, July 8, 1983; 48 FR 57300, Dec. 29, 
1983; 50 FR 39687, Sept. 30, 1985; 50 FR 45408, Oct. 31, 1985; 54 FR 
38147, Sept. 14, 1989; 70 FR 18319, Apr. 11, 2005; 72 FR 48446, Aug. 23, 
2007; 73 FR 29083, May 20, 2008; 74 FR 46876, Sept. 11, 2009; 79 FR 
30417, May 27, 2014; 87 FR 880, Jan. 7, 2022]



                     Subpart C_Permit Administration



Sec.  13.21  Issuance of permits.

    (a) No permit may be issued prior to the receipt of a written 
application therefor, unless a written variation from the requirements, 
as authorized by Sec.  13.4, is inserted into the official file

[[Page 75]]

of the Bureau. An oral or written representation of an employee or agent 
of the United States Government, or an action of such employee or agent, 
shall not be construed as a permit unless it meets the requirements of a 
permit as defined in 50 CFR 10.12.
    (b) Upon receipt of a properly executed application for a permit, 
the Director shall issue the appropriate permit unless:
    (1) The applicant has been assessed a civil penalty or convicted of 
any criminal provision of any statute or regulation relating to the 
activity for which the application is filed, if such assessment or 
conviction evidences a lack of responsibility.
    (2) The applicant has failed to disclose material information 
required, or has made false statements as to any material fact, in 
connection with his application;
    (3) The applicant has failed to demonstrate a valid justification 
for the permit and a showing of responsibility;
    (4) The authorization requested potentially threatens a wildlife or 
plant population, or
    (5) The Director finds through further inquiry or investigation, or 
otherwise, that the applicant is not qualified.
    (c) Disqualifying factors. Any one of the following will disqualify 
a person from receiving permits issued under this part.
    (1) A conviction, or entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, 
for a felony violation of the Lacey Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 
or the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act disqualifies any such person 
from receiving or exercising the privileges of a permit, unless such 
disqualification has been expressly waived by the Director in response 
to a written petition.
    (2) The revocation of a permit for reasons found in Sec.  13.28 
(a)(1) or (a)(2) disqualifies any such person from receiving or 
exercising the privileges of a similar permit for a period of five years 
from the date of the final agency decision on such revocation.
    (3) The failure to pay any required fees or assessed costs and 
penalties, whether or not reduced to judgement disqualifies such person 
from receiving or exercising the privileges of a permit as long as such 
moneys are owed to the United States. This requirement shall not apply 
to any civil penalty presently subject to administrative or judicial 
appeal; provided that the pendency of a collection action brought by the 
United States or its assignees shall not constitute an appeal within the 
meaning of this subsection.
    (4) The failure to submit timely, accurate, or valid reports as 
required may disqualify such person from receiving or exercising the 
privileges of a permit as long as the deficiency exists.
    (d) Use of supplemental information. The issuing officer, in making 
a determination under this subsection, may use any information available 
that is relevant to the issue. This may include any prior conviction, or 
entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, or assessment of civil or 
criminal penalty for a violation of any Federal or State law or 
regulation governing the permitted activity. It may also include any 
prior permit revocations or suspensions, or any reports of State or 
local officials. The issuing officer shall consider all relevant facts 
or information available, and may make independent inquiry or 
investigation to verify information or substantiate qualifications 
asserted by the applicant.
    (e) Conditions of issuance and acceptance--(1) Conditions of 
issuance and acceptance. Any permit automatically incorporates within 
its terms the conditions and requirements of subpart D of this part and 
of any part(s) or section(s) specifically authorizing or governing the 
activity for which the permit is issued, as well as any other conditions 
deemed appropriate and included on the face of the permit at the 
discretion of the Director.
    (2) Any person accepting and holding a permit under this subchapter 
B acknowledges the necessity for close regulation and monitoring of the 
permitted activity by the Government. By accepting such permit, the 
permittee consents to and shall allow entry by agents or employees of 
the Service upon premises where the permitted activity is conducted at 
any reasonable hour. Service agents or employees may enter such premises 
to inspect the location; any books, records, or permits required to be 
kept by this subchapter

[[Page 76]]

B; and any wildlife or plants kept under authority of the permit.
    (f) Term of permit. Unless otherwise modified, a permit is valid 
during the period specified on the face of the permit. Such period shall 
include the effective date and the date of expiration.
    (g) Denial. The issuing officer may deny a permit to any applicant 
who fails to meet the issuance criteria set forth in this section or in 
the part(s) or section(s) specifically governing the activity for which 
the permit is requested.

[39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977; 47 
FR 30785, July 15, 1982; 54 FR 38148, Sept. 14, 1989; 70 FR 18319, Apr. 
11, 2005]



Sec.  13.22  Renewal of permits.

    (a) Application for renewal. Applicants for renewal of a permit must 
submit a written application at least 30 days prior to the expiration 
date of the permit. Applicants must certify in the form required by 
Sec.  13.12(a)(5) that all statements and information in the original 
application remain current and correct, unless previously changed or 
corrected. If such information is no longer current or correct, the 
applicant must provide corrected information.
    (b) Renewal criteria. The Service shall issue a renewal of a permit 
if the applicant meets the criteria for issuance in Sec.  13.21(b) and 
is not disqualified under Sec.  13.21(c).
    (c) Continuation of permitted activity. Any person holding a valid, 
renewable permit may continue the activities authorized by the expired 
permit until the Service acts on the application for renewal if all of 
the following conditions are met:
    (1) The permit is currently in force and not suspended or revoked;
    (2) The person has complied with this section; and
    (3) The permit is not a CITES document that was issued under part 23 
of this subchapter (because the CITES document is void upon expiration).
    (d) Denial. The issuing officer may deny renewal of a permit to any 
applicant who fails to meet the issuance criteria set forth in Sec.  
13.21 of this part, or in the part(s) or section(s) specifically 
governing the activity for which the renewal is requested.

[54 FR 38148, Sept. 14, 1989, as amended at 72 FR 48446, Aug. 23, 2007]



Sec.  13.23  Amendment of permits.

    (a) Permittee's request. Where circumstances have changed so that a 
permittee desires to have any condition of his permit modified, such 
permittee must submit a full written justification and supporting 
information in conformity with this part and the part under which the 
permit was issued.
    (b) The Service reserves the right to amend any permit for just 
cause at any time during its term, upon written finding of necessity, 
provided that any such amendment of a permit issued under Sec.  17.22(b) 
through (d) or Sec.  17.32(b) through (d) of this subchapter shall be 
consistent with the requirements of Sec.  17.22(b)(5), (c)(5) and (d)(5) 
or Sec.  17.32(b)(5), (c)(5) and (d)(5) of this subchapter, 
respectively.
    (c) Change of name or address. A permittee is not required to obtain 
a new permit if there is a change in the legal individual or business 
name, or in the mailing address of the permittee. A permittee is 
required to notify the issuing office within 10 calendar days of such 
change. This provision does not authorize any change in location of the 
conduct of the permitted activity when approval of the location is a 
qualifying condition of the permit.

[54 FR 38148, Sept. 14, 1989, as amended at 64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999]



Sec.  13.24  Right of succession by certain persons.

    (a) Certain persons other than the permittee are authorized to carry 
on a permitted activity for the remainder of the term of a current 
permit, provided they comply with the provisions of paragraph (b) of 
this section. Such persons are the following:
    (1) The surviving spouse, child, executor, administrator, or other 
legal representative of a deceased permittee; or
    (2) A receiver or trustee in bankruptcy or a court designated 
assignee for the benefit of creditors.
    (b) In order to qualify for the authorization provided in this 
section, the

[[Page 77]]

person or persons desiring to continue the activity shall furnish the 
permit to the issuing officer for endorsement within 90 days from the 
date the successor begins to carry on the activity.
    (c) In the case of permits issued under Sec.  17.22(b) through (d) 
or Sec.  17.32(b) through (d) or permits issued under Sec.  22.80 of 
this subchapter B, the successor's authorization under the permit is 
also subject to our determination that:
    (1) The successor meets all of the qualifications under this part 
for holding a permit;
    (2) The successor has provided adequate written assurances that it 
will provide sufficient funding for any applicable conservation 
measures, conservation plan, or Agreement and will implement the 
relevant terms and conditions of the permit, including any outstanding 
minimization and mitigation requirements; and
    (3) The successor has provided such other information as we 
determine is relevant to the processing of the request.

[64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999, as amended at 78 FR 73725, Dec. 9, 2013; 87 
FR 880, Jan. 5, 2022]



Sec.  13.25  Transfer of permits and scope of permit authorization.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided for in this section, permits issued 
under this part are not transferable or assignable.
    (b) Permits issued under Sec.  17.22(b) through (d) or Sec.  
17.32(b) through (d) or permits issued under Sec.  22.80 of this 
subchapter B may be transferred in whole or in part through a joint 
submission by the permittee and the proposed transferee, or in the case 
of a deceased permittee, the deceased permittee's legal representative 
and the proposed transferee, provided we determine that:
    (1) The proposed transferee meets all of the qualifications under 
this part for holding a permit;
    (2) The proposed transferee has provided adequate written assurances 
of sufficient funding for the conservation measures, conservation plan, 
or Agreement, and will implement the relevant terms and conditions of 
the permit, including any outstanding minimization and mitigation 
requirements; and
    (3) The proposed transferee has provided other information that we 
determine is relevant to the processing of the submission.
    (c) In the case of the transfer of lands subject to an agreement and 
permit issued under Sec.  17.22(c) or (d) or Sec.  17.32 (c) or (d) of 
this subchapter B, the Service will transfer the permit to the new owner 
if the new owner agrees in writing to become a party to the original 
agreement and permit.
    (d) Except as otherwise stated on the face of the permit, any person 
who is under the direct control of the permittee, or who is employed by 
or under contract to the permittee for purposes authorized by the 
permit, may carry out the activity authorized by the permit.
    (e) In the case of permits issued under Sec.  17.22(b)-(d) or Sec.  
17.32(b)-(d) of this subchapter to a State or local governmental entity, 
a person is under the direct control of the permittee where:
    (1) The person is under the jurisdiction of the permittee and the 
permit provides that such person(s) may carry out the authorized 
activity; or
    (2) The person has been issued a permit by the governmental entity 
or has executed a written instrument with the governmental entity, 
pursuant to the terms of the implementing agreement.
    (f) In the case of permits issued under Sec.  22.80 of this 
subchapter B to a Federal, State, tribal, or local governmental entity, 
a person is under the direct control of the permittee if the person is 
under the jurisdiction of the permittee, provided the permittee has the 
regulatory authority to require the person to comply with the terms and 
conditions of the permit and the permit provides that such person(s) may 
carry out the authorized activity.

[64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999, as amended at 64 FR 52676, Sept. 30, 1999; 
69 FR 24092, May 3, 2004; 78 FR 73725, Dec. 9, 2013; 87 FR 880, Jan. 7, 
2022]



Sec.  13.26  Discontinuance of permit activity.

    When a permittee, or any successor to a permittee as provided for by 
Sec.  13.24, discontinues activities authorized by a permit, the 
permittee shall within 30 calendar days of the discontinuance return the 
permit to the issuing office together with a written statement 
surrendering the permit for cancellation.

[[Page 78]]

The permit shall be deemed void and cancelled upon its receipt by the 
issuing office. No refund of any fees paid for issuance of the permit or 
for any other fees or costs associated with a permitted activity shall 
be made when a permit is surrendered for cancellation for any reason 
prior to the expiration date stated on the face of the permit.

[54 FR 38149, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.27  Permit suspension.

    (a) Criteria for suspension. The privileges of exercising some or 
all of the permit authority may be suspended at any time if the 
permittee is not in compliance with the conditions of the permit, or 
with any applicable laws or regulations governing the conduct of the 
permitted activity. The issuing officer may also suspend all or part of 
the privileges authorized by a permit if the permittee fails to pay any 
fees, penalties or costs owed to the Government. Such suspension shall 
remain in effect until the issuing officer determines that the permittee 
has corrected the deficiencies.
    (b) Procedure for suspension. (1) When the issuing officer believes 
there are valid grounds for suspending a permit the permittee shall be 
notified in writing of the proposed suspension by certified or 
registered mail. This notice shall identify the permit to be suspended, 
the reason(s) for such suspension, the actions necessary to correct the 
deficiencies, and inform the permittee of the right to object to the 
proposed suspension. The issuing officer may amend any notice of 
suspension at any time.
    (2) Upon receipt of a notice of proposed suspension the permittee 
may file a written objection to the proposed action. Such objection must 
be in writing, must be filed within 45 calendar days of the date of the 
notice of proposal, must state the reasons why the permittee objects to 
the proposed suspension, and may include supporting documentation.
    (3) A decision on the suspension shall be made within 45 days after 
the end of the objection period. The issuing officer shall notify the 
permittee in writing of the Service's decision and the reasons 
therefore. The issuing officer shall also provide the applicant with the 
information concerning the right to request reconsideration of the 
decision under Sec.  13.29 of this part and the procedures for 
requesting reconsideration.

[54 FR 38149, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.28  Permit revocation.

    (a) Criteria for revocation. A permit may be revoked for any of the 
following reasons:
    (1) The permittee willfully violates any Federal or State statute or 
regulation, or any Indian tribal law or regulation, or any law or 
regulation of any foreign country, which involves a violation of the 
conditions of the permit or of the laws or regulations governing the 
permitted activity; or
    (2) The permittee fails within 60 days to correct deficiencies that 
were the cause of a permit suspension; or
    (3) The permittee becomes disqualified under Sec.  13.21(c) of this 
part; or
    (4) A change occurs in the statute or regulation authorizing the 
permit that prohibits the continuation of a permit issued by the 
Service; or
    (5) Except for permits issued under Sec.  17.22(b) through (d) or 
Sec.  17.32(b) through (d) of this subchapter, the population(s) of the 
wildlife or plant that is the subject of the permit declines to the 
extent that continuation of the permitted activity would be detrimental 
to maintenance or recovery of the affected population.
    (b) Procedure for revocation. (1) When the issuing officer believes 
there are valid grounds for revoking a permit, the permittee shall be 
notified in writing of the proposed revocation by certified or 
registered mail. This notice shall identify the permit to be revoked, 
the reason(s) for such revocation, the proposed disposition of the 
wildlife, if any, and inform the permittee of the right to object to the 
proposed revocation. The issuing officer may amend any notice of 
revocation at any time.
    (2) Upon receipt of a notice of proposed revocation the permittee 
may file a written objection to the proposed action. Such objection must 
be in writing, must be filed within 45 calendar days of the date of the 
notice of proposal, must state the reasons why the

[[Page 79]]

permittee objects to the proposed revocation, and may include supporting 
documentation.
    (3) A decision on the revocation shall be made within 45 days after 
the end of the objection period. The issuing officer shall notify the 
permittee in writing of the Service's decision and the reasons 
therefore, together with the information concerning the right to request 
and the procedures for requesting reconsideration.
    (4) Unless a permittee files a timely request for reconsideration, 
any wildlife held under authority of a permit that is revoked must be 
disposed of in accordance with instructions of the issuing officer. If a 
permittee files a timely request for reconsideration of a proposed 
revocation, such permittee may retain possession of any wildlife held 
under authority of the permit until final disposition of the appeal 
process.

[54 FR 38149, Sept. 14, 1989, as amended at 64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999]



Sec.  13.29  Review procedures.

    (a) Request for reconsideration. Any person may request 
reconsideration of an action under this part if that person is one of 
the following:
    (1) An applicant for a permit who has received written notice of 
denial;
    (2) An applicant for renewal who has received written notice that a 
renewal is denied;
    (3) A permittee who has a permit amended, suspended, or revoked, 
except for those actions which are required by changes in statutes or 
regulations, or are emergency changes of limited applicability for which 
an expiration date is set within 90 days of the permit change; or
    (4) A permittee who has a permit issued or renewed but has not been 
granted authority by the permit to perform all activities requested in 
the application, except when the activity requested is one for which 
there is no lawful authority to issue a permit.
    (b) Method of requesting reconsideration. Any person requesting 
reconsideration of an action under this part must comply with the 
following criteria:
    (1) Any request for reconsideration must be in writing, signed by 
the person requesting reconsideration or by the legal representative of 
that person, and must be submitted to the issuing officer.
    (2) The request for reconsideration must be received by the issuing 
officer within 45 calendar days of the date of notification of the 
decision for which reconsideration is being requested.
    (3) The request for reconsideration shall state the decision for 
which reconsideration is being requested and shall state the reason(s) 
for the reconsideration, including presenting any new information or 
facts pertinent to the issue(s) raised by the request for 
reconsideration.
    (4) The request for reconsideration shall contain a certification in 
substantially the same form as that provided by Sec.  13.12(a)(5). If a 
request for reconsideration does not contain such certification, but is 
otherwise timely and appropriate, it shall be held and the person 
submitting the request shall be given written notice of the need to 
submit the certification within 15 calendar days. Failure to submit 
certification shall result in the request being rejected as insufficient 
in form and content.
    (c) Inquiry by the Service. The Service may institute a separate 
inquiry into the matter under consideration.
    (d) Determination of grant or denial of a request for 
reconsideration. The issuing officer shall notify the permittee of the 
Service's decision within 45 days of the receipt of the request for 
reconsideration. This notification shall be in writing, shall state the 
reasons for the decision, and shall contain a description of the 
evidence which was relied upon by the issuing officer. The notification 
shall also provide information concerning the right to appeal, the 
official to whom an appeal may be addressed, and the procedures for 
making an appeal.
    (e) Appeal. A person who has received an adverse decision following 
submission of a request for reconsideration may submit a written appeal 
to the Regional Director for the region in which the issuing office is 
located, or to the Director for offices which report directly to the 
Director. An appeal must be submitted within 45 days of the date of the 
notification of the decision on

[[Page 80]]

the request for reconsideration. The appeal shall state the reason(s) 
and issue(s) upon which the appeal is based and may contain any 
additional evidence or arguments to support the appeal.
    (f) Decision on appeal. (1) Before a decision is made concerning the 
appeal the appellant may present oral arguments before the Regional 
Director or the Director, as appropriate, if such official judges oral 
arguments are necessary to clarify issues raised in the written record.
    (2) The Service shall notify the appellant in writing of its 
decision within 45 calendar days of receipt of the appeal, unless 
extended for good cause and the appellant notified of the extension.
    (3) The decision of the Regional Director or the Director shall 
constitute the final administrative decision of the Department of the 
Interior.

[54 FR 38149, Sept. 14, 1989]



                          Subpart D_Conditions



Sec.  13.41  Humane conditions.

    Any live wildlife possessed under a permit must be maintained under 
humane and healthful conditions.

[54 FR 38150, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.42  Permits are specific.

    The authorizations on the face of a permit that set forth specific 
times, dates, places, methods of taking or carrying out the permitted 
activities, numbers and kinds of wildlife or plants, location of 
activity, and associated activities that must be carried out; describe 
certain circumscribed transactions; or otherwise allow a specifically 
limited matter, are to be strictly interpreted and will not be 
interpreted to permit similar or related matters outside the scope of 
strict construction.

[70 FR 18320, Apr. 11, 2005]



Sec.  13.43  Alteration of permits.

    Permits shall not be altered, erased, or mutilated, and any permit 
which has been altered, erased, or mutilated shall immediately become 
invalid. Unless specifically permitted on the face thereof, no permit 
shall be copied, nor shall any copy of a permit issued pursuant to this 
subchapter B be displayed, offered for inspection, or otherwise used for 
any official purpose for which the permit was issued.



Sec.  13.44  Display of permit.

    Any permit issued under this part shall be displayed for inspection 
upon request to the Director or his agent, or to any other person 
relying upon its existence.



Sec.  13.45  Filing of reports.

    Permittees may be required to file reports of the activities 
conducted under the permit. Any such reports shall be filed not later 
than March 31 for the preceding calendar year ending December 31, or any 
portion thereof, during which a permit was in force, unless the 
regulations of this subchapter B or the provisions of the permit set 
forth other reporting requirements.



Sec.  13.46  Maintenance of records.

    From the date of issuance of the permit, the permittee shall 
maintain complete and accurate records of any taking, possession, 
transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, or importation of 
plants obtained from the wild (excluding seeds) or wildlife pursuant to 
such permit. Such records shall be kept current and shall include names 
and addresses of persons with whom any plant obtained from the wild 
(excluding seeds) or wildlife has been purchased, sold, bartered, or 
otherwise transferred, and the date of such transaction, and such other 
information as may be required or appropriate. Such records shall be 
legibly written or reproducible in English and shall be maintained for 
five years from the date of expiration of the permit. Permittees who 
reside or are located in the United States and permittees conducting 
commercial activities in the United States who reside or are located 
outside the United States must maintain records at a location in the 
United States where the records are available for inspection.

[39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977; 54 
FR 38150, Sept. 14, 1989; 72 FR 48446, Aug. 23, 2007]

[[Page 81]]



Sec.  13.47  Inspection requirement.

    Any person holding a permit under this subchapter B shall allow the 
Director's agent to enter his premises at any reasonable hour to inspect 
any wildlife or plant held or to inspect, audit, or copy any permits, 
books, or records required to be kept by regulations of this subchapter 
B.

[39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977]



Sec.  13.48  Compliance with conditions of permit.

    Any person holding a permit under subchapter B and any person acting 
under authority of such permit must comply with all conditions of the 
permit and with all appllicable laws and regulations governing the 
permitted activity.

[54 FR 38150, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.49  Surrender of permit.

    Any person holding a permit under subchapter B shall surrender such 
permit to the issuing officer upon notification that the permit has been 
suspended or revoked by the Service, and all appeal procedures have been 
exhausted.

[54 FR 38150, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.50  Acceptance of liability.

    Except as otherwise limited in the case of permits described in 
Sec.  13.25(d), any person holding a permit under this subchapter B 
assumes all liability and responsibility for the conduct of any activity 
conducted under the authority of such permit.

[64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999]



PART 14_IMPORTATION, EXPORTATION, AND TRANSPORTATION OF WILDLIFE-
-Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
14.1 Purpose of regulations.
14.2 Scope of regulations.
14.3 Information collection requirements.
14.4 What terms do I have to understand?

        Subpart B_Importation and Exportation at Designated Ports

14.11 General restrictions.
14.12 Designated ports.
14.13 Emergency diversion.
14.14 In-transit shipments.
14.15 Personal baggage and household effects.
14.16 Border ports.
14.17 Personally owned pet birds.
14.18 Marine mammals.
14.19 Special ports.
14.20 Exceptions by permit.
14.21 Shellfish and fishery products.
14.22 Certain antique articles.
14.23 Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs.
14.24 Scientific specimens.

               Subpart C_Designated Port Exception Permits

14.31 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port for 
          scientific purposes.
14.32 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to 
          minimize deterioration or loss.
14.33 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to 
          alleviate undue economic hardship.

Subpart D [Reserved]

             Subpart E_Inspection and Clearance of Wildlife

14.51 Inspection of wildlife.
14.52 Clearance of imported wildlife.
14.53 Detention and refusal of clearance.
14.54 Unavailability of Service officers.
14.55 Exceptions to clearance requirements.

                     Subpart F_Wildlife Declarations

14.61 Import declaration requirements.
14.62 Exceptions to import declaration requirements.
14.63 Export declaration requirements.
14.64 Exceptions to export declaration requirements.

Subpart G [Reserved]

               Subpart H_Marking of Containers or Packages

14.81 Marking requirement.
14.82 Alternatives and exceptions to the marking requirement.

          Subpart I_Import/Export Licenses and Inspection Fees

14.91 When do I need an import/export license?

[[Page 82]]

14.92 What are the exemptions to the import/export license requirement?
14.93 How do I apply for an import/export license?
14.94 What fees apply to me?

   Subpart J_Standards for the Humane and Healthful Transport of Wild 
                 Mammals and Birds to the United States

14.101 Purposes.
14.102 Definitions.
14.103 Prohibitions.
14.104 Translations.
14.105 Consignment to carrier.
14.106 Primary enclosures.
14.107 Conveyance.
14.108 Food and water.
14.109 Care in transit.
14.110 Terminal facilities.
14.111 Handling.
14.112 Other applicable provisions.

                  Specifications for Nonhuman Primates

14.121 Primary enclosures.
14.122 Food and water.
14.123 Care in transit.

  Specifications for Marine Mammals (Cetaceans, Sirenians, Sea Otters, 
                       Pinnipeds, and Polar Bears)

14.131 Primary enclosures.
14.132 Food and water.
14.133 Care in transit.

               Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates

14.141 Consignment to carrier.
14.142 Primary enclosures.

   Specifications for Sloths, Bats, and Flying Lemurs (Cynocephalidae)

14.151 Primary enclosures.

              Specifications for Other Terrestrial Mammals

14.161 Primary enclosures.

                        Specifications for Birds

14.171 Consignment to carrier.
14.172 Primary enclosures.

 Subpart K_Captive Wildlife Safety Act as Amended by the Big Cat Public 
                               Safety Act

14.250 What is the purpose of the regulations in this subpart?
14.251 What other regulations may apply?
14.252 What definitions do I need to know?
14.253 What are the restrictions contained in the regulations in this 
          subpart?
14.254 What are the requirements for a licensed entity or registered 
          Federal facility?
14.255 What are the requirements for a registered pre-BCPSA owner?
14.256 What are the requirements for a wildlife sanctuary?
14.257 Are there any exceptions to the restrictions contained in the 
          regulations in this subpart?

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668, 704, 712, 1382, 1538(d)-(f), 1540(f), 
3371-3378, 4223-4244, and 4901-4916; 18 U.S.C. 42; 31 U.S.C. 9701; Pub. 
L. 115-334, 132 Stat. 4490.

    Source: 45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  14.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part provide uniform rules and 
procedures for the importation, exportation, and transportation of 
wildlife.



Sec.  14.2  Scope of regulations.

    The provisions in this part are in addition to, and do not supersede 
other regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or 
prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, 
exportation, and transportation of wildlife.



Sec.  14.3  Information collection requirements.

    The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the 
information collection requirements contained in this part under 44 
U.S.C. 3507 and assigned OMB Control Numbers 1018-0012, 1018-0092, and 
1018-0192. The Service may not conduct or sponsor and you are not 
required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number. You may direct comments regarding 
these information collection requirements to the Service's Information 
Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).

[88 FR 38372, June 12, 2023]



Sec.  14.4  What terms do I have to understand?

    In addition to definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, 
in this part:
    Accompanying personal baggage means all hand-carried items and all 
checked baggage of a person entering into or departing from the United 
States.
    Accredited scientist means any individual associated with, employed 
by, or

[[Page 83]]

under contract to and accredited by an accredited scientific institution 
for the purpose of conducting biological or medical research, and whose 
research activities are approved and sponsored by the scientific 
institution granting accreditation.
    Accredited scientific institutions means any public museum, public 
zoological park, accredited institution of higher education, accredited 
member of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, accredited member 
of the American Association of Systematic Collections, or any State or 
Federal government agency that conducts biological or medical research.
    Commercial means related to the offering for sale or resale, 
purchase, trade, barter, or the actual or intended transfer in the 
pursuit of gain or profit, of any item of wildlife and includes the use 
of any wildlife article as an exhibit for the purpose of soliciting 
sales, without regard to quantity or weight. There is a presumption that 
eight or more similar unused items are for commercial use. The Service 
or the importer/exporter/owner may rebut this presumption based upon the 
particular facts and circumstances of each case.
    Domesticated animals includes, but is not limited to, the following 
domesticated animals that are exempted from the requirements of this 
subchapter B (except for species obtained from wild populations).
    Mammals: Alpaca--Lama alpaca; Camel--Camelus dromedarius; Camel 
(Boghdi)--Camelus bactrianus; Cat (domestic)--Felis domesticus; Cattle--
Bos taurus; Dog (domestic)--Canis familiaris; European rabbit--
Ortyctolagus cuniculus; Ferret (domestic)--Mustela putorius; Goat--Capra 
hircus; Horse--Equus caballus; Llama--Lama glama; Pig--Sus scrofa; 
Sheep--Ovis aries; Water buffalo--Bubalus bubalus; White lab mice--Mus 
musculus; White lab rate--Rattus norvegicus.
    Fish (For export purposes only): Carp (koi)--Cyprinus carpio; 
Goldfish--Carassius auratus.
    Birds: Chicken--Gallus domesticus; Ducks & geese--domesticated 
varieties; Guinea fowl--Numida meleagris; Peafowl--Pavo cristatus; 
Pigeons (domesticated)--Columba livia domestrica; Turkey--Meleagris 
gallopavo; Domesticated or Barnyard Mallards include: Pekin; Aylesbury; 
Bouen; Cayuga; Gray Call; White Call; East Indian; Crested; Swedish; 
Buff Orpington; Indian Runner; Campbell; Duclair; Merchtem; Termonde; 
Magpie; Chinese; Khaki Campbell.
    Insects: Crickets, mealworms, honeybees (not to include Africanized 
varieties), and similar insects that are routinely farm raised.
    Other Invertebrates: Earthworms and similar invertebrates that are 
routinely farm raised.
    Export means to depart from, to send from, to ship from, or to carry 
out of, or attempt to depart from, to send from, to ship from, or to 
carry out of, or to consign to a carrier in any place subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States with an intended destination of any 
place not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or 
not such departure, sending, or carrying, or shipping constitutes an 
exportation within the meaning of the Custom laws of the United States. 
When a passenger leaving the jurisdiction of the United States enters 
the designated international area of embarkation of an airport, all 
accompanying personal hand-carried items and checked baggage will be 
regarded as exports.
    Import means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt 
to land on, bring into, or introduce into any place subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, 
bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning 
of the tariff laws of the United States.
    We means Fish and Wildlife Service or Service.
    You means licensee, or importer/exporter of record.

[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 23025, Apr. 29, 1999]



        Subpart B_Importation and Exportation at Designated Ports



Sec.  14.11  General restrictions.

    Except as otherwise provided in this part, no person may import or 
export any wildlife at any place other than a

[[Page 84]]

Customs port of entry designated in Sec.  14.12.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980]



Sec.  14.12  Designated ports.

    The following ports of entry are designated for the importation and 
exportation of wildlife and wildlife products and are referred to 
hereafter as ``designated ports'':
    (a) Anchorage, Alaska.
    (b) Atlanta, Georgia.
    (c) Baltimore, Maryland.
    (d) Boston, Massachusetts.
    (e) Chicago, Illinois.
    (f) Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas.
    (g) Honolulu, Hawaii.
    (h) Houston, Texas.
    (i) Los Angeles, California.
    (j) Louisville, Kentucky.
    (k) Memphis, Tennessee.
    (l) Miami, Florida.
    (m) New Orleans, Louisiana.
    (n) New York, New York.
    (o) Portland, Oregon.
    (p) San Francisco, California.
    (q) Seattle, Washington.

[69 FR 70382, Dec. 6, 2004]



Sec.  14.13  Emergency diversion.

    Wildlife which has been imported into the United States at any port 
or place other than a designated port solely as a result of a diversion 
due to an aircraft or vessel emergency must proceed as an in-transit 
shipment under Customs bond to a designated port, or to any port where a 
permit or other provision of this part provides for lawful importation.



Sec.  14.14  In-transit shipments.

    (a) Wildlife destined for a point within the United States may be 
imported into the United States at any port if such wildlife proceeds as 
an in-transit shipment under Customs bond to a designated port, or to 
any port where a permit or other provision of this part provides for 
lawful importation.
    (b) Wildlife moving in-transit through the United States from one 
foreign country to another foreign country is exempt from the designated 
port requirements of this part, if such wildlife is not unloaded within 
the United States.



Sec.  14.15  Personal baggage and household effects.

    (a) Any person may import into or export from the United States at 
any Customs port wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not 
intended for commercial use and are used as clothing or contained in 
accompanying personal baggage. However, this exception to the designated 
port requirement does not apply to any raw or dressed fur; raw, salted, 
or crusted hide or skin; game trophy; or to wildlife requiring a permit 
pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B.
    (b) Wildlife products or manufactured articles, including mounted 
game trophies or tanned hides, which are not intended for sale and are 
part of a shipment of the household effects of persons moving their 
residence to or from the United States may be imported or exported at 
any Customs port of entry. However, this exception to the designated 
port requirement does not apply to any raw fur; raw, salted, or crusted 
hide or skin; or to wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.16  Border ports.

    (a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife whose country of origin is 
Canada or the United States may be imported or exported at any of the 
following Customs ports of entry:
    (1) Alaska--Alcan;
    (2) Idaho--Eastport;
    (3) Maine--Calais, Houlton, Jackman;
    (4) Massachusetts--Boston;
    (5) Michigan--Detroit, Port Huron, Sault Sainte Marie;
    (6) Minnesota--Grand Portage, International Falls, Minneapolis-St. 
Paul;
    (7) Montana--Raymond, Sweetgrass;
    (8) New York--Buffalo-Niagara Falls, Champlain;
    (9) North Dakota--Dunseith, Pembina, Portal;
    (10) Ohio--Cleveland;
    (11) Vermont--Derby Line, Highgate Springs; and
    (12) Washington--Blaine, Sumas.
    (b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or

[[Page 85]]

23 of this subchapter B, wildlife whose country of origin is Mexico or 
the United States may be imported or exported at any of the following 
Customs ports of entry:
    (1) Arizona--Lukeville, Nogales;
    (2) California--Calexico, San Diego-San Ysidro; and
    (3) Texas--Brownsville, El Paso, Laredo.
    (c) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, or 21 of this subchapter B, wildlife lawfully taken by U.S. 
residents in the United States, Canada, or Mexico and imported or 
exported for noncommercial purposes, may be imported or exported at any 
Customs port of entry.



Sec.  14.17  Personally owned pet birds.

    Any person may import a personally owned pet bird at any port 
designated under, and in accordance with, 9 CFR part 92.



Sec.  14.18  Marine mammals.

    Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States who has 
lawfully taken a marine mammal on the high seas and who is authorized to 
import such marine mammal in accordance with the Marine Mammal 
Protection Act of 1972 and implementing regulations (50 CFR parts 18 and 
216) may import such marine mammal at any port or place.



Sec.  14.19  Special ports.

    (a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife which is imported for final 
destination in Alaska, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, may be 
imported through those Customs ports of entry named hereafter for the 
respective State or Territory of final destination:
    (1) Alaska--Alcan, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau;
    (2) Puerto Rico--San Juan; and
    (3) Virgin Islands--San Juan, Puerto Rico.
    (b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife which originates in Alaska, 
Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, may be exported through the 
following Customs ports for the respective State or Territory:
    (1) Alaska--Alcan, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau;
    (2) Puerto Rico--San Juan; and
    (3) Virgin Islands--San Juan, Puerto Rico.
    (c) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife which has a final 
destination of Guam or which originates in Guam may be imported or 
exported, as appropriate, through the port of Agana, Guam.



Sec.  14.20  Exceptions by permit.

    Wildlife may be imported into or exported from the United States at 
any Customs port of entry designated in the terms of a valid permit 
issued pursuant to subpart C of this part.



Sec.  14.21  Shellfish and fishery products.

    (a)(1) General. Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to 
part 17 or 23 of this subchapter, shellfish and fishery products 
imported or exported for purposes of human or animal consumption or 
taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or on the 
high seas for recreational purposes may enter or exit at any Customs 
port.
    (2) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 
part 23 of this subchapter, live aquatic invertebrates of the Class 
Pelecypoda (commonly known as oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops) and 
the eggs, larvae, or juvenile forms thereof may be exported for purposes 
of propagation, or research related to propagation, at any Customs port.
    (b) Pearls. Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 
17 or 23 of this subchapter, pearls imported or exported for commercial 
purposes may enter or exit the United States at any Customs port of 
entry. For the purposes of this part, all references to the term 
shellfish and fishery products will include pearls.

[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.22  Certain antique articles.

    Any person may import at any Customs Service port designated for 
such purpose, any article (other than scrimshaw, defined in 16 U.S.C 
1539(f)(1)(B) and 50 CFR 217.12 as any art form that

[[Page 86]]

involves the etching or engraving of designs upon, or the carving of 
figures, patterns, or designs from, any bone or tooth of any marine 
mammal of the order Cetacea) that is at least 100 years old, is composed 
in whole or in part of any endangered or threatened species listed under 
Sec.  17.11 or Sec.  17.12 of this subchapter, and has not been repaired 
or modified with any part of any endangered or threatened species on or 
after December 28, 1973.

[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.23  Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs.

    Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs meet the definition 
of ``bred in captivity'' as stated in 50 CFR 17.3. Except for wildlife 
requiring a permit pursuant to parts 17 or 23 of this subchapter, live 
farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs may be exported from any U.S. 
Customs port.

[59 FR 41714, Aug. 15, 1994]



Sec.  14.24  Scientific specimens.

    Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to parts 16, 17, 18, 
21, 22 or 23 of this subchapter, dead, preserved, dried, or embedded 
scientific specimens or parts thereof, imported or exported by 
accredited scientists or accredited scientific institutions for 
taxonomic or systematic research purposes may enter or exit through any 
U.S. Customs port, or may be shipped through the international mail 
system. Provided, that this exception will not apply to any specimens or 
parts thereof taken as a result of sport hunting.

[61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



               Subpart C_Designated Port Exception Permits



Sec.  14.31  Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port
for scientific purposes.

    (a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application 
submitted in accordance with the provisions of this section and 
Sec. Sec.  13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with 
the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing 
importation or exportation of wildlife for scientific purposes at one or 
more named Customs port(s) of entry not otherwise authorized by subpart 
B. Such permits may authorize a single importation or exportation, a 
series of importations or exportations, or importation or exportation 
during a specified period of time.
    (b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or 
export wildlife at a nondesignated port for scientific purposes must be 
submitted to the Director. Each application must contain the general 
information and certification required by Sec.  13.12(a) of this 
subchapter, plus the following additional information:
    (1) The scientific purpose or uses of the wildlife to be imported or 
exported;
    (2) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and 
common names to be imported or exported where such number and kinds can 
be determined;
    (3) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the 
wild (if known), or where born in captivity;
    (4) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is 
requested, and the reasons why importation or exportation should be 
allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated 
port; and
    (5) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a 
single shipment, a series of shipments, or shipments over a specified 
period of time and the date(s) involved.
    (c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general 
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to import 
or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are 
subject to the following condition: Permittee shall file such reports as 
specified on the permit, if any.
    (d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in 
determining whether to issue a permit under this section:
    (1) Benefit to a bona fide scientific research project, other 
scientific purpose, or facilitation of the exchange of preserved museum 
specimens;
    (2) The kind of wildlife involved and its place of origin;
    (3) The reasons why the exception is requested; and
    (4) Availability of a Service officer.

[[Page 87]]

    (e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section 
expires on the date designated on the face of the permit. In no case 
will the permit be valid for more than 2 years from the date of 
issuance.



Sec.  14.32  Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port
to minimize deterioration or loss.

    (a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application 
submitted in accordance with the provisions of this section and 
Sec. Sec.  13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with 
the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing 
importation or exportation of wildlife, in order to minimize 
deterioration or loss, at one or more named Customs port(s) of entry not 
otherwise authorized by subpart B. Such permits may authorize a single 
importation or exportation, a series of importations or exportations, or 
importation or exportation during a specified period of time.
    (b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or 
export wildlife at a nondesignated port to minimize deterioration or 
loss must be submitted to the Director. Each application must contain 
the general information and certification required in Sec.  13.12(a) of 
this subchapter, plus the following additional information:
    (1) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and 
common names to be imported or exported where such number and kinds can 
be determined;
    (2) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the 
wild (if known), or where born in captivity;
    (3) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is 
requested, and the reasons why importation or exportation should be 
allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated 
port (information must be included to show that an importation or 
exportation at a designated port would result in a substantial 
deterioration or loss of the wildlife); and
    (4) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a 
single shipment, a series of shipments, or shipments over a specified 
period of time and the date(s) involved.
    (c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general 
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to import 
or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are 
to be subject to the following conditions:
    (1) Permittee shall file such reports as may be specified on the 
permit, if any; and
    (2) Permittee must pay fees in accordance with Sec.  14.94.
    (d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in 
determining whether to issue a permit under this section:
    (1) Likelihood of a substantial deterioration or loss of the 
wildlife involved;
    (2) The kind of wildlife involved and its place of origin; and
    (3) Availability of a Service officer.
    (e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section 
expires on the date designated on the face of the permit. In no case 
will the permit be valid more than 2 years from the date of issuance.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 
FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.33  Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port
to alleviate undue economic hardship.

    (a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application 
submitted in accordance with the provisions of this section and 
Sec. Sec.  13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with 
the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing 
importation or exportation of wildlife in order to alleviate undue 
economic hardship at one or more named Customs port(s) of entry not 
otherwise authorized by subpart B. Such permits may authorize a single 
importation or exportation, a series of importations or exportations, or 
importation or exportation during a specified period of time.
    (b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or 
export wildlife at a nondesignated port to alleviate undue economic 
hardship must be submitted to the Director. Each application must 
contain the general information and certification required in

[[Page 88]]

Sec.  13.12(a) of this subchapter, plus the following additional 
information:
    (1) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and 
common names to be imported or exported, where such number and kinds can 
be determined, and a description of the form in which it is to be 
imported, such as ``live,'' ``frozen,'' ``raw hides,'' or a full 
description of any manufactured product;
    (2) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the 
wild (if known), or where born in captivity;
    (3) The name and address of the supplier or consignee;
    (4) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is 
requested, and the reasons why importation or exportation should be 
allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated 
port (information must be included to show the monetary difference 
between the cost of importation or exportation at the port requested and 
the lowest cost of importation or exportation at the port through which 
importation or exportation is authorized by subpart B without a permit); 
and
    (5) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a 
single shipment, a series of shipments, or shipments over a specified 
period of time and the date(s) involved.
    (c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general 
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to import 
or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are 
subject to the following conditions:
    (1) Permittee shall file such reports as specified on the permit, if 
any; and
    (2) Permittee must pay fees in accordance with Sec.  14.94.
    (d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in 
determining whether to issue a permit under this section:
    (1) The difference between the cost of importing or exporting the 
wildlife at the port requested and the lowest cost of importing or 
exporting such wildlife at a port authorized by these regulations 
without a permit;
    (2) The severity of the economic hardship that likely would result 
should the permit not be issued;
    (3) The kind of wildlife involved, including its form and place of 
origin; and
    (4) Availability of a Service officer.
    (e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section 
expires on the date designated on the face of the permit. In no case 
will the permit be valid for more than 2 years from the date of 
issuance.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 
FR 31869, June 21, 1996]

Subpart D [Reserved]



             Subpart E_Inspection and Clearance of Wildlife



Sec.  14.51  Inspection of wildlife.

    Subject to applicable limitations of law, Service officers and 
Customs officers may detain for inspection and inspect any package, 
crate, or other container, including its contents, and all accompanying 
documents, upon importation or exportation. The Director may charge 
reasonable fees, including salary, overtime, transportation and per diem 
of Service officers, for wildlife import or export inspections specially 
requested by the importer or exporter at times other than regular work 
hours or locations other than usual for such inspections at the port.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 50 
FR 52889, Dec. 26, 1985]



Sec.  14.52  Clearance of imported wildlife.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided by this subpart, a Service officer 
must clear all wildlife imported into the United States prior to release 
from detention by Customs officers. A Service officer must clear all 
wildlife to be exported from the United States prior to the physical 
loading of the merchandise on a vehicle or aircraft, or the 
containerization or palletizing of such merchandise for export, unless a 
Service officer expressly authorizes otherwise. Such clearance does not 
constitute a certification of the legality of an importation or 
exportation under the laws or regulations of the United States.

[[Page 89]]

    (b) An importer/exporter or his/her agent may obtain clearance by a 
Service officer only at designated ports (Sec.  14.12), at border ports 
(Sec.  14.16), at special ports (Sec.  14.19), or at a port where 
importation or exportation is authorized by a permit issued under 
subpart C of this part. An importer/exporter must return forthwith any 
wildlife released without a Service officer's clearance or clearance by 
Customs for the Service under authority of Sec.  14.54 to a port where 
clearance may be obtained pursuant to this subpart.
    (c) To obtain clearance, the importer, exporter, or the importer's 
or exporter's agent will make available to a Service officer or a 
Customs officer acting under Sec.  14.54:
    (1) All shipping documents (including bills of lading, waybills and 
packing lists or invoices);
    (2) All permits, licenses or other documents required by the laws or 
regulations of the United States;
    (3) All permits or other documents required by the laws or 
regulations of any foreign country;
    (4) The wildlife being imported or exported; and
    (5) Any documents and permits required by the country of export or 
re-export for the wildlife.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 50 
FR 52889, Dec. 26, 1985; 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.53  Detention and refusal of clearance.

    (a) Detention. Any Service officer, or Customs officer acting under 
Sec.  14.54, may detain imported or exported wildlife and any associated 
property. As soon as practicable following the importation or 
exportation and decision to detain, the Service will mail a notice of 
detention by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to 
the importer or consignee, or exporter, if known or easily 
ascertainable. Such notice must describe the detained wildlife or other 
property, indicate the reason for the detention, describe the general 
nature of the tests or inquiries to be conducted, and indicate that if 
the releasability of the wildlife has not been determined within 30 days 
after the date of the notice, or a longer period if specifically stated, 
that the Service will deem the wildlife to be seized and will issue no 
further notification of seizure.
    (b) Refusal of clearance. Any Service officer may refuse clearance 
of imported or exported wildlife and any Customs officer acting under 
Sec.  14.54 may refuse clearance of imported wildlife when there are 
responsible grounds to believe that:
    (1) A Federal law or regulation has been violated;
    (2) The correct identity and country of origin of the wildlife has 
not been established (in such cases, the burden is upon the owner, 
importer, exporter, consignor, or consignee to establish such identity 
by scientific name to the species level or, if any subspecies is 
protected by the laws of this country or the country of origin to the 
subspecies level);
    (3) Any permit, license, or other documentation required for 
clearance of such wildlife is not available, is not currently valid, has 
been suspended or revoked, or is not authentic;
    (4) The importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent 
has filed an incorrect or incomplete declaration for importation or 
exportation as provided in Sec.  14.61 or Sec.  14.63; or
    (5) The importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent 
has not paid any fee or portion of balance due for inspection fees 
required by Sec.  14.93 or Sec.  14.94, or penalties assessed against 
the importer or exporter under 50 CFR part 11. This paragraph does not 
apply to penalty assessments on appeal in accordance with the provisions 
of part 11.

[61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.54  Unavailability of Service officers.

    (a) Designated ports. All wildlife arriving at a designated port 
must be cleared by a Service officer prior to Customs clearance and 
release. When importers or their agents expect live or perishable 
shipments of wildlife or wildlife products or request inspection at the 
time of arrival, they must notify the Service at least 48 hours prior to 
the estimated time of arrival. However, where a Service officer is not 
available

[[Page 90]]

within a reasonable time, Customs Officers may clear live or perishable 
wildlife subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the 
Service.
    (b) Border and special ports. Wildlife lawfully imported at Canadian 
or Mexican border ports under Sec.  14.16, or into Alaska, Puerto Rico, 
or the Virgin Islands, under Sec.  14.19, may, if a Service officer is 
not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs officers, 
subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the Service.
    (c) Permit imports. Wildlife imported at a nondesignated port in 
accordance with the terms of a valid permit issued under subpart C of 
this part, may, if a Service officer is not available within a 
reasonable time, be cleared by Customs officers, subject to post-
clearance inspection and investigation by the Service.
    (d) Personal baggage and household effects. Wildlife lawfully 
imported at any port of entry under Sec.  14.15, may, if a Service 
officer is not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs 
officers, subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the 
Service.
    (e) Personally owned pet birds. Personally owned pet birds lawfully 
imported at a port of entry under Sec.  14.17, may, if a Service officer 
is not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs 
officers, subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the 
Service.
    (f) Exports. Exporters or their agents must notify the Service and 
make the shipment available for inspection at least 48 hours prior to 
the estimated time of exportation of any wildlife.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.55  Exceptions to clearance requirements.

    Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of 
this subchapter B, clearance is not required for the importation of the 
following wildlife:
    (a) Shellfish and fishery products imported for purposes of human or 
animal consumption or taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the 
United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes;
    (b) Marine mammals lawfully taken on the high seas by United States 
residents and imported directly into the United States; and
    (c) Certain antique articles as specified in Sec.  14.22 which have 
been released from custody by Customs officers under 19 U.S.C. 1499.
    (d) Dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or 
parts thereof, imported or exported by accredited scientists or 
accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research 
purposes. Except: That this exception will not apply to any specimens or 
parts thereof taken as a result of sport hunting.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



                     Subpart F_Wildlife Declarations



Sec.  14.61  Import declaration requirements.

    Except as otherwise provided by the regulations of this subpart, 
importers or their agents must file with the Service a completed 
Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-
177), signed by the importer or the importer's agent, upon the 
importation of any wildlife at the place where Service clearance under 
Sec.  14.52 is requested. However, wildlife may be transshipped under 
bond to a different port for release from custody by Customs Service 
officers under 19 U.S.C. 1499. For certain antique articles as specified 
in Sec.  14.22, importers or their agents must file a Form 3-177 with 
the District Director of Customs at the port of entry prior to release 
from Customs custody. Importers or their agents must furnish all 
applicable information requested on the Form 3-177 and the importer, or 
the importer's agent, must certify that the information furnished is 
true and complete to the best of his/her knowledge and belief.

[61 FR 49980, Sept. 24, 1996]



Sec.  14.62  Exceptions to import declaration requirements.

    (a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 
of this subchapter B, an importer or his/her

[[Page 91]]

agent does not have to file a Declaration for Importation or Exportation 
of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) for importation of shellfish and 
fishery products imported for purposes of human or animal consumption, 
or taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or on the 
high seas for recreational purposes;
    (b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, a Declaration for Importation or 
Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) does not have to be filed 
for importation of the following:
    (1) Fish taken for recreational purposes in Canada or Mexico;
    (2) Wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not intended 
for commercial use and are used as clothing or contained in accompanying 
personal baggage, except that an importer or his/her agent must file a 
Form 3-177 for raw or dressed furs; for raw, salted, or crusted hides or 
skins; and for game or game trophies; and
    (3) Wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not intended 
for commercial use and are a part of a shipment of the household effects 
of persons moving their residence to the United States, except that an 
importer or his/her agent must file a declaration for raw or dressed 
furs and for raw, salted, or crusted hides or skins.
    (c) General declarations for certain specimens. Notwithstanding the 
provisions of 14.61 and except for wildlife included in paragraph (d) of 
this section, an importer or his/her agent may describe in general terms 
on a Declaration for the Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife 
(Form 3-177) scientific specimens imported for scientific institutions 
for taxonomic, systematic research, or faunal survey purposes. An 
importer or his/her agent must file an amended Form 3-177 within 180 
days after filing of the general declaration with the Service. The 
declaration must identify specimens to the most accurate taxonomic 
classification reasonably practicable using the best available taxonomic 
information. The Director may grant extensions of the 180-day period.
    (d) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, 22 or 23 of this subchapter, an importer or his/her agent does 
not have to file a Declaration for the Importation or Exportation of 
Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) at the time of importation for shipments 
of dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or parts 
thereof, imported by accredited scientists or accredited scientific 
institutions for taxonomic or systematic research purposes. An importer 
or his/her agent must file a Form 3-177 within 180 days of importation 
with the appropriate Assistant Regional Director--Law Enforcement in the 
Region where the importation occurs. The declaration must identify the 
specimens to the most accurate taxonomic classification reasonably 
practicable using the best available taxonomic information, and must 
declare the country of origin. Except: That this exception will not 
apply to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a result of sport 
hunting.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 
FR 31870, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.63  Export declaration requirements.

    Except as otherwise provided by the regulations of this subpart, a 
completed Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife 
(Form 3-177) signed by the exporter, or the exporter's agent, shall be 
filed with the Service prior to the export of any wildlife at the port 
of exportation as authorized in subpart B of this part. All applicable 
information requested on the Form 3-177 shall be furnished, and the 
exporter or the exporter's agent shall certify that the information 
furnished is true and complete to the best of his/her knowledge and 
belief.



Sec.  14.64  Exceptions to export declaration requirements.

    (a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 
of this subchapter B, an exporter or his/her agent does not have to file 
a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 
3-177) for the exportation of shellfish and fishery products exported 
for purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in waters under the 
jurisdiction of the United

[[Page 92]]

States or on the high seas for recreational purposes, and does not have 
to file for the exportation of live aquatic invertebrates of the Class 
Pelecypoda (commonly known as oysters, claims, mussels, and scallops) 
and the eggs, larvae, or juvenile forms thereof exported for purposes of 
propagation, or research related to propagation.
    (b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, a Declaration for the Importation or 
Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) does not have to be filed 
for the exportation of the following:
    (1) Wildlife that is not intended for commercial use where the value 
of such wildlife is under $250;
    (2) Wildlife products or manufactured articles, including game 
trophies, that are not intended for commercial use and are used as 
clothing or contained in accompanying personal baggage or are part of a 
shipment of the household effects of persons moving their residence from 
the United States; and
    (3) Shipments of dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific 
specimens or parts thereof, exported by accredited scientists or 
accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research 
purposes. An exporter or his/her agent must file a Form 3-177 within 180 
days of exportation with the appropriate Assistant Regional Director--
Law Enforcement in the Region where the exportation occurs. The 
declaration must identify the specimens to the most accurate taxonomic 
classification reasonably practicable using the best available taxonomic 
information, and must declare the country of origin. Except: That this 
exception will not apply to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a 
result of sport hunting.
    (c) Except for wildlife requiring a period pursuant to parts 17 or 
23 of this subchapter, a Declaration for the Importation or Exportation 
of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) does not have to be filed for the 
exportation of live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs as 
defined in Sec.  14.23.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 59 FR 41714, Aug. 15, 1994; 
61 FR 31870, June 21, 1996]

Subpart G [Reserved]



               Subpart H_Marking of Containers or Packages

    Source: 52 FR 45341, Nov. 27, 1987, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  14.81  Marking requirement.

    Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, no person may import, 
export, or transport in interstate commerce any container or package 
containing any fish or wildlife (including shellfish and fishery 
products) unless he/she marks each container or package conspicuously on 
the outside with both the name and address of the shipper and consignee. 
An accurate and legible list of its contents by species scientific name 
and the number of each species and whether or not the listed species are 
venomous must accompany the entire shipment.

[61 FR 31870, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.82  Alternatives and exceptions to the marking requirement.

    (a) The requirements of Sec.  14.81 may be met by complying with one 
of the following alternatives to the marking requirement:
    (1)(i) Conspicuously marking the outside of each container or 
package containing fish or wildlife with the word ``fish'' or 
``wildlife'' as appropriate for its contents, or with the common name of 
its contents by species, and
    (ii) Including an invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or similar 
document to accompany the shipment which accurately states the name and 
address of the shipper and consignee, states the total number of 
packages or containers in the shipment, and for each species in the 
shipment specifies:
    (A) The common name that identifies the species (examples include: 
Chinook (or king) salmon; bluefin tuna; and whitetail deer) and whether 
or not the listed species is venomous; and
    (B) The number of that species (or other appropriate measure of 
quantity such as gross or net weight).

The invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or equivalent document must 
be securely attached to the outside of one container or package in the 
shipment

[[Page 93]]

or otherwise physically accompany the shipment in a manner which makes 
it readily accessible for inspection; or
    (2) Affixing the shipper's wildlife import/export license number 
preceded by the three letters ``FWS'' on the outside of each container 
or package containing fish or wildlife, if the shipper has valid 
wildlife import/export license issued under authority of 50 CFR part 14. 
For each shipment marked in accordance with this paragraph, the records 
maintained under Sec.  14.93(c) must include a copy of the invoice, 
packing list, bill of lading, or other similar document that accurately 
states the information required by paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (3) In the case of subcontainers or packages within a larger packing 
container, only the outermost container must be marked in accordance 
with this section. Except, that for live fish or wildlife that are 
packed in subcontainers within a larger packing container, if the 
subcontainers are numbered or labeled, the packing list, invoice, bill 
or lading, or other similar document, must reflect that number or label. 
However, each subcontainer containing a venomous species must be clearly 
marked as venomous.
    (4) A conveyance (truck, plane, boat, etc.) is not considered a 
container for purposes of requiring specific marking of the conveyance 
itself, provided that:
    (i) The fish or wildlife within the conveyance is carried loosely or 
is readily identifiable, and is accompanied by the document required by 
paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section, or
    (ii) The fish or wildlife is otherwise packaged and marked in 
accordance with this subpart.
    (b) The requirements of Sec.  14.81 do not apply to containers or 
packages containing--
    (1) Fox, nutria, rabbit, mink, chinchilla, marten, fisher, muskrat, 
and karakul that have been bred and born in captivity, or their 
products, if a signed statement certifying that the animals were bred 
and born in captivity accompanies the shipping documents;
    (2) Fish or shellfish contained in retail consumer packages labeled 
pursuant to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.; or
    (3) Fish or shellfish that are landed by, and offloaded from, a 
fishing vessel (whether or not the catch has been carried by the fishing 
vessel interstate), as long as the fish or shellfish remain at the place 
where first offloaded.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 
1018-0022)

[52 FR 45341, Nov. 27, 1987, as amended at 61 FR 31871, June 21, 1996]



          Subpart I_Import/Export Licenses and Inspection Fees

    Source: 73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  14.91  When do I need an import/export license?

    (a) The Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1538(d)(1)) makes it 
unlawful for any person to engage in business as an importer or exporter 
of certain fish or wildlife without first having obtained permission 
from the Secretary. For the purposes of this subchapter, engage in 
business means to import or export wildlife for commercial purposes.
    (b) Except as provided in Sec.  14.92, if you engage in the business 
of importing or exporting wildlife for commercial purposes (see Sec.  
14.4), you must obtain an import/export license prior to importing or 
exporting your wildlife shipment.
    (c) The following table includes some examples of when an import/
export license is required:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
  If I import into the United States or      . . . do I need an import/
      export from the United States               export license?
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Wildlife in the form of products such  Yes.
 as garments, bags, shoes, boots,
 jewelry, rugs, trophies, or curios for
 commercial purposes.
(2) Wildlife in the form of hides, furs,   Yes.
 or skins for commercial purposes.
(3) Wildlife in the form of food for       Yes.
 commercial purposes.
(4) As an animal dealer, animal broker,    Yes.
 pet dealer, or pet or laboratory
 supplier.
(5) As an individual owner of a            No.
 personally owned live wildlife pet for
 personal use.
(6) As a collector or hobbyist for         No.
 personal use.
(7) As a collector or hobbyist for         Yes.
 commercial purposes, including sale,
 trade or barter.

[[Page 94]]

 
(8) As a laboratory researcher or          Yes.
 biomedical supplier for commercial
 purposes.
(9) As a customs broker or freight         No.
 forwarder engaged in business as a
 dispatcher, handler, consolidator, or
 transporter of wildlife or if I file
 documents with the Service on behalf of
 others.
(10) As a common carrier engaged in        No.
 business as a transporter of wildlife.
(11) As a taxidermist, outfitter, or       Yes.
 guide importing or exporting my own
 hunting trophies for commercial purposes.
(12) As a taxidermist, outfitter, or       No.
 guide transporting or shipping hunting
 trophies for clients or customers.
(13) As a U.S. taxidermist receiving a     No.
 U.S. client's personal hunting trophies
 after import clearance for processing.
(14) As a U.S. taxidermist importing       Yes.
 wildlife from or exporting wildlife to
 foreign owners who are requesting my
 services.
(15) As a foreign owner of wildlife        No.
 exporting my personal hunting trophies
 from the United States to my home.
(16) As a circus for exhibition or resale  Yes.
 purposes.
(17) As a Federal, State, municipal, or    No.
 tribal agency.
(18) As a public museum, or public         No.
 scientific or educational institution
 for noncommercial research or
 educational purposes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------



Sec.  14.92  What are the exemptions to the import/export license 
requirement?

    (a) Certain wildlife. Any person may engage in business as an 
importer or exporter of the following types of wildlife without 
obtaining an import/export license:
    (1) Shellfish (see Sec.  10.12 of this chapter) and nonliving 
fishery products that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23 
of this subchapter, and are imported or exported for purposes of human 
or animal consumption or taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the 
United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes;
    (2) Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs of species that 
do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23 of this subchapter, 
that meet the definition of ``bred-in-captivity'' as stated in Sec.  
17.3 of this subchapter and that are for export only; and
    (3) Live aquatic invertebrates of the Class Pelecypoda, commonly 
known as oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops, and their eggs, larvae, 
or juvenile forms, that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 
23 of this subchapter, and are exported only for the purposes of 
propagation or research related to propagation; and
    (4) Pearls that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23 of 
this subchapter.
    (5)(i) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this 
section, green sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, including 
any products of that species, that:
    (A) Do not require a permit under part 16, 17, or 23 of this 
subchapter;
    (B) Are taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States 
or are imported into the United States for processing pursuant to the 
licensing requirements of Sec.  14.91; and
    (C) Are exported for purposes of human or animal consumption.
    (ii) The exemption in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section does not 
apply to any person who has been convicted of one or more violations of 
a Federal law relating to the importation, transportation, or 
exportation of wildlife during the previous 5 years.
    (iii) The exemption in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section does not 
apply in any State that does not annually provide ``conservation and 
management'' data, as defined in section 3 of the Magnuson-Stevens 
Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1802), to the 
applicable Marine Fisheries Commission, or, if the State does provide 
the ``conservation and management'' data, and the applicable Marine 
Fisheries Commission determines, in consultation with the primary 
research agency of such Commission, after notice and an opportunity to 
comment, that the data fails to prove that the State agency or official 
is engaged in conservation and management of the green sea urchin.
    (b) Certain persons. (1) The following persons may import or export 
wildlife without obtaining an import/export license, provided that these 
persons keep records that will fully and correctly describe each 
importation or exportation of wildlife made by them and the subsequent 
disposition made by them with respect to the wildlife.
    (i) Public museums, or other public, scientific, or educational 
institutions,

[[Page 95]]

importing or exporting wildlife for noncommercial research or 
educational purposes; and
    (ii) Federal, State, tribal, or municipal agencies.
    (2) Subject to applicable limitations of law, duly authorized 
Service officers at all reasonable times will, upon notice, be given 
access to these persons' places of business, an opportunity to examine 
their inventory of imported wildlife or the wildlife to be exported, the 
records described in paragraph (1) of this section, and an opportunity 
to copy those records.

[73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, as amended at 84 FR 29808, June 25, 2019]



Sec.  14.93  How do I apply for an import/export license?

    (a) Application form. You must submit a completed FWS Form 3-200-3, 
including the certification found on the form and in Sec.  13.12(a) of 
this subchapter, to the appropriate regional Special Agent in Charge 
under the provisions of this subpart and part 13 of this subchapter.
    (b) Import/export license conditions. In addition to the general 
permit conditions in part 13 of this subchapter, you must comply with 
the following conditions:
    (1) You must comply with all requirements of this part, all other 
applicable parts of this subchapter, and any specific conditions or 
authorizations described on the face of, or on an annex to, the import/
export license;
    (2) You must pay all applicable license and inspection fees as 
required in Sec.  14.94;
    (3) You are responsible for providing current contact information to 
us, including a mailing address where you will receive all official 
notices the Service sends;
    (4) You must keep, in a U.S. location, the following records that 
completely and correctly describe each import or export of wildlife that 
you made under the import/export license and, if applicable, any 
subsequent disposition that you made of the wildlife, for a period of 5 
years:
    (i) A general description of the wildlife, such as ``live,'' ``raw 
hides,'' ``fur garments,'' ``leather goods,'' ``footwear,'' or 
``jewelry'';
    (ii) The quantity of the wildlife, in numbers, weight, or other 
appropriate measure;
    (iii) The common and scientific names of the wildlife;
    (iv) The country of origin of the wildlife, if known, as defined in 
Sec.  10.12 of this subchapter;
    (v) The date and place the wildlife was imported or exported;
    (vi) The date of the subsequent disposition, if applicable, of the 
wildlife and the manner of the subsequent disposition, whether by sale, 
barter, consignment, loan, delivery, destruction, or other means;
    (vii) The name, address, telephone, and e-mail address, if known, of 
the person or business who received the wildlife;
    (viii) Copies of all permits required by the laws and regulations of 
the United States; and
    (ix) Copies of all permits required by the laws of any country of 
export, re-export, or origin of the wildlife.
    (5) You must, upon notice, provide authorized Service officers with 
access to your place(s) of business at all reasonable times and give us 
an opportunity to examine your inventory of imported wildlife or the 
wildlife to be exported, the records required to be kept by paragraph 
(b)(4) of this section, and an opportunity to copy these records subject 
to applicable limitations of the law;
    (6) You must submit a report containing the information you must 
keep in paragraph (b)(4) of this section within 30 days of receiving a 
written request from us; and
    (7) An import/export license gives you general permission to engage 
in business as an importer or exporter of wildlife. An import/export 
license is in addition to, and does not supersede, any other license, 
permit, or requirement established by Federal, State, or tribal law for 
the import or export of wildlife.
    (c) Duration of import/export license. Any import/export license 
issued under this section expires on the date shown on the face of the 
import/export license. In no case will the import/export license be 
valid for more than 1 year after the date of issuance.

[[Page 96]]

    (d) Issuance, denial, suspension, revocation, or renewal of import/
export license. We may deny, suspend, revoke, restrict, or deny renewal 
of an import/export license to any person named as the holder, or a 
principal officer or agent of the holder, under any of the criteria 
described in part 13 of this chapter or under the following criteria:
    (1) Failure to pay fees, penalties, or costs required by this part;
    (2) You repeatedly fail to notify our Service officers at the 
appropriate port at least 48 hours prior to the estimated time of 
arrival of a live or perishable wildlife shipment under Sec.  14.54(a) 
or at least 48 hours prior to the estimated time of exportation of any 
wildlife under Sec.  14.54(f);
    (3) You repeatedly import or export certain types of wildlife 
without meeting the requirements of this part or other applicable parts 
of this subchapter.



Sec.  14.94  What fees apply to me?

    (a) Import/export license application fees. You must pay the 
application and amendment fees, as defined in Sec.  13.11(d)(4), for any 
required import/export license processed under Sec.  14.93 and part 13 
of this subchapter.
    (b) Designated port exception permit application fees. You must pay 
the application and amendment fees, as defined in Sec.  13.11(d)(4), for 
any required designated port exception permit processed under subpart C 
of this part.
    (c) Designated port base inspection fees. Except as provided in 
paragraph (k) of this section, an import/export license holder must pay 
a base inspection fee, as defined in Sec.  14.94(h)(1), for each 
wildlife shipment imported or exported at a designated port or a port 
acting as a designated port. You can find a list of designated ports in 
Sec.  14.12 and the criteria that allow certain ports to act as 
designated ports in Sec. Sec.  14.16-14.19, Sec.  14.22, and Sec.  14.24 
of this part.
    (d) Staffed nondesignated port base inspection fees. You must pay a 
nondesignated port base inspection fee, as defined in Sec.  14.94(h)(2), 
for each wildlife shipment imported or exported at a staffed 
nondesignated port, using a designated port exception permit issued 
under subpart C of this part. This fee is in place of, not in addition 
to, the designated port base fee.
    (e) Nonstaffed, nondesignated port base inspection fees. You must 
pay a nondesignated port base inspection fee, as defined in Sec.  
14.94(h)(3), for each wildlife shipment imported or exported at a 
nonstaffed, nondesignated port using a designated port exception permit 
issued under subpart C of this part. You must also pay all travel, 
transportation, and per diem costs associated with inspection of the 
shipment. These fees are in place of, not in addition to, the designated 
port base fee. The Service will prorate charges for travel, 
transportation, and per diem costs if multiple importers or exporters 
require inspection at the same time at the same location. All applicable 
base and premium fees apply to each shipment.
    (f) Premium inspection fees. You must pay a premium inspection fee 
in addition to any base inspection fees required in paragraphs (c), (d), 
and (e) of this section, as defined in Sec.  14.94(h)(4), for the 
following types of shipments:
    (1) Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, any 
shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in Sec.  
14.94(h)(4), imported or exported by an import/export license holder at 
a designated port or a port acting as a designated port. You can find a 
list of designated ports in Sec.  14.12 and the criteria that allow 
certain ports to act as designated ports in Sec. Sec.  14.16-14.19, 
Sec.  14.22, and Sec.  14.24;
    (2) Any shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in 
Sec.  14.94(h)(4), imported or exported via air, ocean, rail, or truck 
cargo, by persons not requiring an import/export license under Sec.  
14.91, at a designated port or a port acting as a designated port. You 
can find a list of designated ports in Sec.  14.12 and the criteria that 
allow certain ports to act as designated ports in Sec. Sec.  14.16-
14.19, Sec.  14.22, and Sec.  14.24;
    (3) Any shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in 
Sec.  14.94(h)(4), imported or exported at a nondesignated port using a 
designated port exception permit issued under subpart C of this part.
    (4) You must pay two premium inspection fees in addition to any base 
inspection fees required in paragraphs

[[Page 97]]

(c), (d), and (e) of this section, as defined in Sec.  14.94(h)(4), if 
your wildlife shipment contains live and protected species.
    (g) Overtime fees. You must pay fees for any inspections, including 
travel time, that begin before normal working hours, that extend beyond 
normal working hours, or are on a Federal holiday, Saturday, or Sunday.
    (1) Overtime fees are in addition to any base inspection fees or 
premium inspection fees required for each shipment. We will charge these 
fees regardless of whether or not you have an import/export license.
    (2) Our ability to perform inspections during overtime hours will 
depend upon the availability of Service personnel. If we cannot perform 
an inspection during normal working hours, we may give you the option of 
requesting an overtime inspection.
    (3) The overtime fee is calculated using a 2-hour minimum plus any 
actual time in excess of the minimum. It incorporates the actual time to 
conduct an inspection and the travel time to and from the inspection 
location.
    (4) The Service will charge any overtime, including travel time, in 
excess of the minimum in quarter-hour increments of the hourly rate. The 
Service will round up an inspection time of 10 minutes or more beyond a 
quarter-hour increment to the next quarter-hour and will disregard any 
time over a quarter-hour increment that is less than 10 minutes.
    (5) The Service will charge only one overtime fee when multiple 
shipments are consigned to or are to be exported by the same importer or 
exporter and we inspect all at the same time at one location. The 
overtime fee will consist of one 2-hour minimum or the actual time for 
inspection of all the applicable shipments, whichever is greater. All 
applicable base and premium fees will apply to each shipment.
    (6) We will charge 1 hour of time at 1\1/2\ times the hourly labor 
rate for inspections beginning less than 1 hour before normal working 
hours.
    (7) We will charge a minimum of 2 hours of time at an hourly rate of 
1\1/2\ times the average hourly labor rate for inspections outside 
normal working hours, except for inspections performed on a Federal 
holiday.
    (8) We will charge a minimum of 2 hours of time at an hourly rate of 
2 times the average hourly labor rate for inspections performed on a 
Federal holiday.
    (h) Fee schedule.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Fee cost per shipment per year
      Inspection fee schedule       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              2008                    2009                    2010                   2011             2012 and beyond
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Designated port base inspection  $85...................  $87...................  $89..................  $91..................  $93.
 fee (see Sec.   14.94 (c)).
(2) Staffed nondesignated port base  $133..................  $136..................  $139.................  $142.................  $145.
 inspection fee (see Sec.
 14.94(d)).
(3) Nonstaffed nondesignated port    $133..................  $136..................  $139.................  $142.................  $145.
 base inspection fee (see Sec.
 14.94(e)).
(4) Premium inspection fee at any
 port (see Sec.   14.94 (f)):
    (i) Protected species. Any       $19...................  $37...................  $56..................  $74..................  $93.
     species that requires a permit
     under parts 15, 16, 17, 18,
     21, 22, or 23 of this chapter;.
    (ii) Live species. Any live      $19...................  $37...................  $56..................  $74..................  $93.
     wildlife, including live
     viable eggs and live pupae.
(5) Overtime inspection fee (see
 Sec.   14.94(g)):
    (i) Inspections beginning less   $48...................  $49...................  $51..................  $52..................  $53.
     than 1 hour before normal work
     hours.
    (ii) Inspections after normal    $96 min. + $48/hr.....  $98 min. + $49/hr.....  $101 min. + $51/hr...  $103 min. + $52/hr...  $105 min. + $53/hr.
     work hours, including Saturday
     and Sunday. (2 hour minimum
     charge plus fee for additional
     time).
    (iii) Inspections on Federal     $128 min. + $64/hr....  $131 min.+ $65/hr.....  $133 min. + $67/hr...  $136 min. + $68/hr...  $139 min. + $70/hr.
     holidays. (2 hour minimum
     charge plus fee for additional
     time).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 98]]

    (i) The Service will not refund any fee or any portion of any 
license or inspection fee or excuse payment of any fee because 
importation, exportation, or clearance of a wildlife shipment is refused 
for any reason.
    (j) All base inspection fees, premium inspection fees, and overtime 
fees will apply regardless of whether or not a physical inspection of 
your wildlife shipment is performed, and no fees will be prorated except 
as provided in paragraphs (e) and (g)(5) of this section.
    (k) Exemptions to inspection fees--(1) Certain North American-origin 
wild mammal furs or skins. Wildlife shipments that meet all of the 
following criteria are exempt from the designated port base inspection 
fee (however, these shipments are not exempt from the designated port 
overtime fees or the import/export license application fee):
    (i) The wildlife is a raw fur; raw, salted, or crusted hide or skin; 
or a separate fur or skin part, lawfully taken from the wild in the 
United States, Canada, or Mexico that does not require permits under 
parts 17, 18, or 23 of this chapter; and
    (ii) You, as the importer or exporter, or a member of your immediate 
family, such as your spouse, parents, siblings, and children, took the 
wildlife from the wild and are shipping the wildlife between the United 
States and Canada or Mexico; and
    (iii) You have not previously bought or sold the wildlife described 
in paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this section, and the shipment does not exceed 
100 raw furs; raw, salted, or crusted hides or skins; or fur or skin 
parts; and
    (iv) You certify on Form 3-177, Declaration for Importation or 
Exportation of Fish or Wildlife, that your shipment meets all the 
criteria in this section.
    (2) You do not have to pay base inspection fees, premium inspection 
fees, or overtime fees if you are importing or exporting wildlife that 
is exempt from import/export license requirements as defined in Sec.  
14.92(a) or you are importing or exporting wildlife as a government 
agency as defined in Sec.  14.92(b)(1)(ii).
    (3) You do not have to pay base inspection fees, premium inspection 
fees, or overtime fees if you are importing or exporting wildlife that 
meets the criteria for ``domesticated animals'' as defined in Sec.  
14.4.
    (4) Fee exemption program for low-risk importations and 
exportations--(i) Program criteria. Businesses that require an import/
export license under Sec.  14.93 may be exempt from the designated port 
base inspection fee as set forth in this paragraph (k)(4)(i). To 
participate in this program, you, the U.S. importer or exporter, must 
continue to pay the overtime fees, the nondesignated port base fees, or 
the import/export license and nondesignated port application fees, and 
your business must meet all of the following conditions:
    (A) Each shipment does not contain live wildlife.
    (B) Each shipment does not contain wildlife that requires a permit 
or certificate under parts 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, or 23 of this chapter 
or is listed under part 16 of this chapter.
    (C) Each shipment contains 25 or fewer wildlife parts and products 
containing wildlife.
    (D) Each wildlife shipment is valued at $5,000 or less.
    (E) Your business has not been assessed a civil penalty, issued a 
violation notice, or convicted of any misdemeanor or felony violations 
involving the import or export of wildlife.
    (F) Your business has had two or fewer wildlife shipments that were 
refused clearance in the 5 years prior to the receipt of your request by 
the Service.
    (G) Your business has not previously participated in the program and 
been removed for failure to meet the criteria.
    (ii) Program participation. To participate in the fee exemption 
program for low-risk importations and exportations, you must use the 
Service's electronic declaration filing system (eDecs) and take the 
following actions:
    (A) You must certify that you will exclusively import and export 
wildlife shipments that meet all the criteria in paragraph (k)(4)(i) of 
this section and renew this certification annually. Upon completion of 
the certification and review of the criteria by the Service, eDecs will 
notify you if you have been approved to participate in the program.

[[Page 99]]

    (B) You must continue to meet the criteria in paragraph (k)(4)(i) of 
this section while participating in the program. If you fail to meet the 
criteria after approval, you will be removed from the program and must 
pay all applicable fees.
    (C) If approved to participate in the program you must file FWS Form 
3-177 and all required accompanying documents electronically using eDecs 
for each shipment and meet all other requirements of this part.

[73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, as amended at 77 FR 65326, Oct. 26, 2012]



   Subpart J_Standards for the Humane and Healthful Transport of Wild 
                 Mammals and Birds to the United States

    Source: 57 FR 27108, June 17, 1992, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  14.101  Purposes.

    The purpose of this subpart is to prescribe requirements necessary 
to ensure that live wild mammals and birds shipped to the United States 
arrive alive, healthy, and uninjured, and that transportation of such 
animals occurs under humane and healthful conditions. These regulations 
implement section 9(d) of the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981.



Sec.  14.102  Definitions.

    In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of subchapter B 
of this chapter, in this subpart--
    Ambient air temperature means the temperature of the air surrounding 
a primary enclosure containing a wild mammal or bird.
    Auxiliary ventilation means cooling or air circulation provided by 
such means as vents, fans, blowers, or air conditioning.
    Carrier means any person operating an airline, railroad, motor 
carrier, shipping line, or other enterprise engaged in the business of 
transporting any wild mammal or bird for any purpose including 
exhibition and for any person, including itself.
    Communicable disease means any contagious, infectious, or 
transmissible disease of wild mammals or birds.
    Conveyance means any vehicle, vessel, or aircraft employed to 
transport an animal between its origin and destination.
    Do not tip means do not excessively rock or otherwise move from a 
vertical to a slanting position, knock over, or upset.
    Handle means feed, manipulate, crate, shift, transfer, immobilize, 
restrain, treat, or otherwise control the movement or activities of any 
wild mammal or bird.
    Holding area means a designated area at or within a terminal 
facility that has been specially prepared to provide shelter and other 
requirements of wild mammals or birds being transported to the United 
States and in which such mammals or birds are maintained prior to, 
during, or following such shipment.
    Kept clean means maintained free from dirt, trash, refuse, excreta, 
remains from other cargo, and impurities of any type.
    Marine mammal means an individual of a species of the orders 
Cetacea, Pinnipedia, or Sirenia, or a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) or 
sea otter (Enhydra lutris).
    Noncompatible means not capable of existing together in harmony.
    Nonhuman primate means any nonhuman member of the order Primates.
    Normal rigors of transportation means the stress that a wild animal 
can be expected to experience as a result of exposure to unaccustomed 
surroundings, unfamiliar confinement, caging, unfamiliar sounds, motion, 
and other conditions commonly encountered during transport.
    Primary enclosure means any structure used to restrict a mammal or 
bird to a limited amount of space, such as a cage, room, pen, run, 
stall, pool, or hutch.
    Professionally accepted standards means a level of practice 
established as acceptable by a body of qualified persons of the 
veterinary medical profession.
    Psychological trauma means an episode of exposure to stressful 
conditions resulting in significant behavioral abnormality including, 
but not limited

[[Page 100]]

to, manifestations of unaccustomed aggressiveness, self-mutilation, or 
refusal of food or water.
    Raptor means a live migratory bird of the order Falconiformes or the 
order Strigiformes.
    Sanitize means to make physically clean and, as far as possible, 
free of toxic or infectious agents injurious to the health of wild 
mammals or birds.
    Scheduled departure time means the time listed on a timetable of 
departures and arrivals or, in the absence of a timetable, the time of 
departure agreed to by a carrier and shipper.
    Shipper means any person, other than a carrier, involved in the 
transport of wild animals to the United States regardless of the purpose 
of such transport; e.g., exporter, importer, or agent.
    Terrestrial mammals means mammals other than marine mammals.
    Transport means to move, convey, carry, or ship by any means, or to 
deliver or receive for the purpose of movement, carriage, or shipment, 
by air, land, or sea.
    Transporting device means any vehicle or device used to transport an 
animal between a conveyance and a terminal facility, in and around a 
terminal facility of a carrier, or within a conveyance.
    Unweaned means a bird or mammal incapable of feeding itself 
independently.
    Wild means the same as fish or wildlife, as defined in Sec.  10.12 
of this chapter.



Sec.  14.103  Prohibitions.

    Unless the requirements of this subpart are fully satisfied and all 
other legal requirements are met, it is unlawful for any person to 
transport to the United States, cause to be transported to the United 
States, or allow to be transported to the United States any live wild 
mammal or bird. It shall be unlawful for any person to import, to 
transport, or to cause or permit to be transported to the United States 
any wild mammal or bird under inhumane or unhealthful conditions or in 
violation of this subpart J.



Sec.  14.104  Translations.

    Any certificate or document required by this subpart to accompany a 
mammal or bird transported to the United States and written in a foreign 
language must be accompanied by an accurate English translation.



Sec.  14.105  Consignment to carrier.

    (a) No carrier shall accept any live wild mammal or bird for 
transport to the United States that has not been examined within 10 days 
prior to commencement of transport to the United States by a 
veterinarian certified as qualified by the national government of the 
initial country from which the mammal or bird is being exported. If the 
national government of such country does not certify veterinarians, then 
the veterinarian must be certified or licensed by a local government 
authority designated by the national government as authorized to certify 
veterinarians.
    (b)(1) A certificate of veterinary medical inspection, signed by the 
examining veterinarian, stating that the animal has been examined, is 
healthy, appears to be free of any communicable disease, and is able to 
withstand the normal rigors of transport must accompany the mammal or 
bird; the certificate should include the veterinarian's license number, 
certification number, or equivalent. A mammal in the last third of its 
pregnancy, if this is detectable using professionally accepted 
standards, shall not be accepted for transport to the United States 
except for medical treatment and unless the examining veterinarian 
certifies in writing that the animal has been examined, the state of 
pregnancy has been evaluated, and that, despite the medical condition 
requiring treatment, the animal is physically able to withstand the 
normal rigors of transportation to the United States.
    (2) A nursing mother with young, an unweaned mammal unaccompanied by 
its mother, or an unweaned bird shall be transported only if the primary 
purpose is for needed medical treatment and upon certification in 
writing by the examining veterinarian that the treatment is necessary 
and the animal is able to withstand the normal rigors of transport. Such 
an unweaned mammal or bird shall not be transported to the United States 
for medical treatment unless it is accompanied at all

[[Page 101]]

times by and completely accessible to a veterinary attendant.
    (c) A sick or injured wild mammal or bird shall be permitted 
transport to the United States only if the primary purpose of such 
transport is for needed medical treatment and upon certification in 
writing by the examining veterinarian that the treatment is necessary 
and the animal is able to withstand the normal rigors of travel in its 
present condition. A sick or injured animal shall be accompanied at all 
times throughout the transport process by a veterinary attendant 
qualified to care for and treat it, with continuous access to the 
animal. This individual shall be in possession of or have ready access 
to all medications to be administered during the transport.
    (d) No carrier shall accept any wild mammal or bird for transport to 
the United States presented by the shipper less than 2 hours or more 
than 6 hours prior to the scheduled departure of the conveyance on which 
it is to be transported. The carrier shall notify the crew of the 
presence of live animal shipments.



Sec.  14.106  Primary enclosures.

    No carrier shall accept for transport to the United States any live 
wild mammal or bird in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the 
following requirements:
    (a) The Container Requirements of the Live Animal Regulations (LAR), 
20th edition, October 1, 1993, published by the International Air 
Transport Association (IATA) shall be complied with by all parties 
transporting wild mammals or birds to the United States. The 
incorporation by reference of the LAR was approved by the Director of 
the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 
51. Copies may be obtained from IATA, 2000 Peel St., Montreal, Quebec, 
Canada H3A 2R4. Copies may be inspected at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service Headquarters (see 50 CFR 2.1(b) for address) or at the National 
Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the 
availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: 
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/
ibr_locations.html.
    (b) A primary enclosure shall be constructed so that--
    (1) The strength of the enclosure is sufficient to contain the 
mammal or bird and to withstand the normal effects of transport;
    (2) The interior of the enclosure is free from any protrusion that 
could be injurious to the mammal or bird within;
    (3) No part of the animal can extend or protrude outside of the 
primary enclosure which may result in injury to the contained animal, to 
nearby persons or animals, or to handlers of the primary enclosure;
    (4) Access to the primary enclosure is closed and secured with an 
animal-proof device designed to prevent accidental opening and release 
of the mammal or bird;
    (5) The opening of the enclosure is easily accessible for either 
emergency removal or inspection of the mammal or bird by authorized 
personnel without the risk of escape of the mammal or bird;
    (6) The enclosure has sufficient openings to ensure adequate 
circulation of air at all times.
    (7) The material of which the primary enclosure is constructed is 
not treated with any paint, preservative, or other chemical that is 
injurious or otherwise harmful to the health or well-being of mammals 
and birds.
    (c) Unless the enclosure is permanently affixed in the conveyance or 
has an open top for certain large mammals, spacer bars allowing 
circulation of air around the enclosure shall be fitted to the exterior 
of its top, sides, and base. Spacer bars on an enclosure need extend no 
more than 6 inches (15 centimeters) from the surface of the enclosure. 
Within this 6 inch limit, the spacers on an enclosure containing one 
animal shall extend a distance equal to at least 10 percent of the 
longer dimension of the surface to which they are attached, and the 
spacers on an enclosure containing more than one animal shall extend a 
distance equal to at least 20 percent of the longer dimension of the 
surface to which they are attached. Hand-holds may serve as

[[Page 102]]

spacer bars for the sides of the enclosure to which they are attached. A 
primary enclosure constructed with one or more slanted or curved walls 
containing ventilation openings need not be fitted with spacer bars on 
such walls.
    (d) An enclosure that is not permanently affixed within the 
conveyance shall have adequate hand-holds or other devices for lifting 
by hand or to facilitate lifting and carrying by machine. Such hand-
holds or other devices shall be made an integral part of the enclosure, 
shall enable it to be lifted without excessive tipping, and shall be 
designed so that the person handling the enclosure will not come in 
contact with the animals contained therein.
    (e) An enclosure shall have a solid, leak-proof bottom or removable, 
leak-proof collection tray under a slatted or wire mesh floor. The 
slatted or wire mesh floor shall be designed and constructed so that the 
spaces between the slats or the holes in the mesh cannot trap the limbs 
of animals contained within the enclosure. An enclosure for mammals 
shall contain unused absorbent litter on the solid bottom or in the 
leak-proof tray in sufficient quantity to absorb and cover excreta. This 
litter shall be safe and nontoxic and shall not resemble food normally 
consumed by the mammals. An enclosure used to transport marine mammals 
in water, in a waterproof enclosure, a sling, or on foam is exempt from 
the requirement to contain litter. An enclosure used to transport birds 
shall not contain litter, unless it is specified in writing by the 
examining veterinarian as medically necessary.
    (f) If an enclosure has been previously used to transport or store 
wild mammals or birds, it shall have been cleaned and sanitized in a 
manner that will destroy pathogenic agents and pests injurious to the 
health of mammals and birds before the enclosure can be re-used.
    (g) An enclosure that is not permanently affixed in the conveyance 
shall be clearly marked in English on the outside of the top and one or 
more sides of the enclosure, in letters not less than 2.5 centimeters (1 
inch) in height, ``Live Animals'' or ``Wild Animals'', ``Do Not Tip,'' 
``Only Authorized Personnel May Open Container,'' and other appropriate 
or required instructions. All enclosure sides shall also be 
conspicuously marked on the outside with arrows to indicate the correct 
upright position of the enclosure. These arrows should extend up the 
sides of the enclosure so that the point of the arrow is visible and 
clearly indicates the top of the enclosure.
    (h) Food and water instructions as specified in Sec.  14.108, 
information regarding what constitutes obvious signs of stress in the 
species being transported, and information about any drugs or medication 
to be administered by the accompanying veterinary attendant shall be 
securely attached to each enclosure. Copies of shipping documents 
accompanying the shipment shall also be securely attached to the primary 
enclosure. Original documents shall be carried in the carrier's pouch or 
manifest container or by the shipper's attendant accompanying the wild 
mammal or bird.
    (i) Any food and water troughs shall be securely attached to the 
interior of the enclosure in such a manner that the troughs can be 
filled from outside the enclosure. Any opening providing access to a 
trough shall be capable of being securely closed with an animal-proof 
device. A water trough in an enclosure containing birds shall contain a 
foam or sponge insert, a perforated wooden block, or other suitable 
device to prevent spillage or drowning.
    (j) When a primary enclosure is permanently affixed within a 
conveyance so that its front opening is the only source of ventilation, 
the opening shall face the outside of the conveyance or an unobstructed 
aisle or passageway within the conveyance. Such an aisle or passageway 
shall be at least 12 inches (30 centimeters) wide. The opening in the 
primary enclosure shall occupy at least 90 percent of the total surface 
area of the front wall of the enclosure and be covered with bars or wire 
mesh.

[57 FR 27108, June 17, 1992, as amended at 59 FR 36719, July 19, 1994; 
69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]

[[Page 103]]



Sec.  14.107  Conveyance.

    (a) The animal cargo space of a conveyance used to transport wild 
mammals or birds to the United States shall be designed, constructed, 
and maintained so as to ensure the humane and healthful transport of the 
animals.
    (b) The cargo space shall be constructed and maintained so as to 
prevent the harmful ingress of engine exhaust fumes and gases produced 
by the conveyance.
    (c) No wild mammal or bird shall be placed in a cargo space of a 
conveyance that does not provide sufficient air for it to breathe 
normally. Primary enclosures shall be positioned in a cargo space in 
such a manner that each animal has access to sufficient air for normal 
breathing.
    (d) The interior of an animal cargo space shall be kept clean of 
disease-causing agents.
    (e) A wild mammal or bird shall not be transported in a cargo space 
that contains any material, substance, or device that may reasonably be 
expected to result in inhumane conditions or be injurious to the 
animal's health unless all reasonable precautions are taken to prevent 
such conditions or injury.



Sec.  14.108  Food and water.

    (a) No carrier shall accept any wild mammal or bird for transport to 
the United States unless written instructions from the shipper 
concerning the animal's food and water requirements are securely affixed 
to the outside of its primary enclosure. Such instructions shall be 
consistent with professionally accepted standards of care and include 
specifically the quantity of water required, the amount and type of food 
required, and the frequency of feeding and watering necessary to ensure 
that the animal is transported humanely and healthfully.
    (b) A mammal or bird requiring drinking water shall have 
uncontaminated water suitable for drinking made available to it at all 
times prior to commencement of transport to the United States, during 
intermediate stopovers, and upon arrival in the United States, or as 
directed by the shipper's written instructions.
    (c) A mammal or bird that obtains moisture from fruits or other food 
shall be provided such food prior to commencement of transport to the 
United States, during stopovers, and upon arrival in the United States, 
or as directed by the shipper's written instructions.
    (d) During a stopover or while still in the custody of the carrier 
after arrival in the United States, a mammal or bird in transit shall be 
observed no less frequently than once every four hours and given food 
and water according to the instructions required by Sec.  14.108(a).
    (e) Suitable and sufficient food shall be made available during 
transport.
    (f) Additional requirements for feeding and watering particular 
kinds of animals are found below in the specifications for the various 
groups.



Sec.  14.109  Care in transit.

    (a) During transportation to the United States, including any 
stopovers during transport, the carrier shall visually inspect each 
primary enclosure not less than once every 4 hours, or in the case of 
air transport, every 4 hours whenever the cargo hold is accessible. 
During such inspections, the carrier shall verify that the ambient air 
temperature is within allowable limits (see Sec.  14.109(b)), that 
enclosures have not been damaged, that adequate ventilation is being 
provided, and when transport is by air, that air pressure suitable to 
support live animals is maintained within the cargo area (pressure 
equivalent to a maximum altitude of 8000 feet). During these 
observations the carrier shall also determine whether any animals are in 
obvious distress as described in documents attached to the enclosure. 
The absence of such a document or the absence of information as to signs 
of distress shall not remove this responsibility. The carrier shall 
attempt to correct any condition causing distress and shall consult the 
shipper concerning any possible need for veterinary care if no 
veterinary attendant is traveling with the shipment; if the shipper 
cannot be reached in the case of an emergency, qualified veterinary care 
should be provided. A veterinarian or qualified attendant traveling with 
the shipment shall be provided access to the animal.

[[Page 104]]

    (b) Unless otherwise specified in writing by the examining 
veterinarian the ambient air temperature in a holding area, transporting 
device, conveyance or terminal facility containing mammals or birds 
shall not be allowed to fall below 12.8 degrees C (55 degrees F) nor to 
exceed 26.7 degrees C (80 degrees F). Auxiliary ventilation shall be 
provided when the ambient air temperature is 23.9 degrees C (75 degrees 
F) or higher. In the case of penguins and auks, the ambient air 
temperature shall not be allowed to exceed 18.3 degrees C (65 degrees F) 
at any time, and auxiliary ventilation shall be provided when the 
ambient air temperature exceeds 15.6 degrees C (60 degrees F). In the 
case of polar bears and sea otters, ambient air temperature shall not be 
allowed to exceed 10 degrees C (50 degrees F).



Sec.  14.110  Terminal facilities.

    (a) Any terminal facility used for wild mammal or bird transport in 
the country of export, stopover countries, or the United States shall 
contain an animal holding area or areas. No carrier or shipper shall co-
mingle live animal shipments with inanimate cargo in an animal holding 
area.
    (b) A carrier or shipper holding any wild mammal or bird in a 
terminal facility shall provide the following:
    (1) A holding area cleaned and sanitized so as to destroy pathogenic 
agents, maintained so that there is no accumulation of debris or 
excreta, and in which vermin infestation is minimized;
    (2) An effective program for the control of insects, ectoparasites, 
and pests of mammals or birds;
    (3) Sufficient fresh air to allow the animals to breathe normally 
with ventilation maintained so as to minimize drafts, odors, and 
moisture condensation;
    (4) Ambient air temperatures maintained within prescribed limits as 
specified in Sec.  14.109(b).



Sec.  14.111  Handling.

    (a) Care shall be exercised to avoid handling the primary enclosure 
in a manner likely to cause physical or psychological trauma to the 
mammal or bird.
    (b) A primary enclosure used to move any mammal or bird shall not be 
dropped, tipped excessively, or otherwise mishandled, and shall not be 
stacked or placed in a manner that may reasonably be expected to result 
in its falling or being tipped.
    (c) Animals incompatible with one another shall not be crated 
together or held in close proximity.
    (d) Transport of mammals or birds to the United States shall be 
accomplished by the carrier in the most expeditious manner, with the 
fewest stopovers possible, and without unnecessary delays.
    (e) Consistent with other procedures and requirements of the 
carrier, live wild mammals or birds shall be last loaded and first 
unloaded from a conveyance.
    (f) A carrier shall not allow mammals or birds to remain for 
extended periods of time outside a holding area and shall move them 
between a holding area and a conveyance as expeditiously as possible. A 
carrier or shipper maintaining mammals or birds in a holding area, or 
transporting them to or from a holding area or between a holding area 
and a conveyance, shall provide the following:
    (1) Shelter from sunlight. When sunlight is likely to cause 
overheating or discomfort, sufficient shade shall be provided to protect 
animals from the direct rays of the sun.
    (2) Shelter from precipitation. Animals shall be provided protection 
so that they remain dry during rain, snow, or other forms of 
precipitation.
    (3) Shelter from cold. Animals shall be provided protection from 
cold. Protection shall include, but not be limited to, that provided by 
covering and/or heating of transporting devices, holding areas, 
conveyances or terminal facilities.
    (4) Protection from harassment. Animals shall be protected from 
disturbances, including, but not limited to, harassment by humans, other 
animals, or machinery that makes noise, emits fumes, heat, or light, or 
causes vibration.



Sec.  14.112  Other applicable provisions.

    In addition to the provisions of Sec. Sec.  14.101-14.111, the 
requirements of

[[Page 105]]

Sec. Sec.  14.121-14.172 applicable for particular groups of animals 
shall be met for all shipments of wild mammals and birds covered by this 
part.

                  Specifications for Nonhuman Primates



Sec.  14.121  Primary enclosures.

    (a) No more than one primate shall be transported in a primary 
enclosure. However, a mother and her nursing young being transported to 
the United States for medical treatment, an established male-female 
pair, a family group, a pair of juvenile animals that have not reached 
puberty, or other pairs of animals that have been habitually housed 
together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure. Primates of 
different species shall not be shipped together in the same enclosure.
    (b) A primary enclosure used to transport a primate shall be large 
enough to ensure that the animal has sufficient space to turn around 
freely in a normal manner, lie down, stand up (as appropriate for the 
species), and sit in a normal upright position without its head touching 
the top of the enclosure. However, a primate may be restricted in its 
movements according to professionally accepted standards of care when 
greater freedom of movement would constitute a danger to the primate or 
to its handler or other persons.
    (c) Except as provided in Sec.  14.106(j), ventilation openings must 
be located on at least two walls of a primary enclosure. When the 
required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the 
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 30 
percent of the total surface area of the ventilated wall and be situated 
above the midline of the enclosure. If ventilation openings are located 
on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings on each wall shall 
comprise at least 20 percent of the total surface area of the wall and 
be situated above the midline of the primary enclosure.



Sec.  14.122  Food and water.

    (a) A nonhuman primate shall be provided water suitable for drinking 
within 4 hours prior to commencement of transport to the United States 
unless the shipper's written instructions direct otherwise. A carrier 
shall provide suitable drinking water to any primate at least every 12 
hours after acceptance for transport to the United States, unless 
instructed in writing to do so more frequently by the shipper.
    (b) After acceptance for transport, and unless otherwise instructed 
in writing by the shipper, a carrier shall provide suitable food to any 
nonhuman primate at least once every 12 hours.



Sec.  14.123  Care in transit.

    (a) A primate shall be observed for signs of distress and given food 
and water according to the shipper's instructions during any 
intermediate stop that lasts more than 4 hours.
    (b) Care shall be taken to keep enclosures containing primates 
sufficiently separated in the conveyance or holding area to minimize the 
risk of spread of disease from one species or shipment to another.

  Specifications for Marine Mammals (Cetaceans, Sirenians, Sea Otters, 
                       Pinnipeds, and Polar Bears)



Sec.  14.131  Primary enclosures.

    (a) A primary enclosure that is not open on top shall have air 
inlets situated at heights that provide cross ventilation at all levels 
and that are located on all four sides of the enclosure. Such 
ventilation openings shall comprise not less than 20 percent of the 
total surface area of each side of the enclosure.
    (b) Straps, slings, harnesses, or other such devices used for body 
support or restraint when transporting marine mammals such as cetaceans 
or sirenians shall meet the following requirements:
    (1) The devices shall not prevent attendants from having access to 
the mammal to administer care during transportation;
    (2) The devices shall be equipped with sufficient padding to prevent 
trauma or injury at points of contact with the mammal's body;
    (3) Slings or harnesses shall allow free movement of flippers 
outside of the harness or sling;

[[Page 106]]

    (4) The devices shall be capable of preventing the mammal from 
thrashing about and causing injury to itself, handlers, or other 
persons, but shall be designed so as not to cause injury to the mammal.
    (c) A primary enclosure used to transport marine mammals shall be 
large enough to assure the following:
    (1) A sea otter or polar bear has sufficient space to turn about 
freely with all four feet on the floor and to sit in an upright 
position, stand, or lie in a natural position;
    (2) A pinniped has sufficient space to lie in a natural position;
    (3) If a sling, harness, or other supporting device is used, there 
are at least 3 inches (7.5 centimeters) of clearance between any body 
part and the primary enclosure;
    (d) A marine mammal may be restricted in its movements according to 
professionally accepted standards of care when freedom of movement would 
constitute a danger to the animal or to handlers or other persons.
    (e) All marine mammals contained in a given primary enclosure shall 
be of the same species and be maintained in compatible groups. A marine 
mammal that has not reached puberty shall not be transported in the same 
primary enclosure with an adult marine mammal other than its mother. 
Socially dependent animals (e.g., siblings, mother, and offspring) 
transported in the same conveyance shall be allowed visual and, when 
appropriate for the species, olfactory contact. A female marine mammal 
shall not be transported in the same primary enclosure with any mature 
male marine mammal.



Sec.  14.132  Food and water.

    A marine mammal shall not be transported for more than a period of 
36 hours without being offered suitable food unless the shipper's 
written instructions or the shipper's attendant travelling with the 
mammal direct otherwise. After feeding, a marine mammal shall be rested 
for 6 hours prior to resuming transport.



Sec.  14.133  Care in transit.

    (a) Any marine mammal shall be accompanied, in the same conveyance, 
by the shipper or an authorized representative of the shipper 
knowledgeable in marine mammal care to provide for the animal's health 
and well-being. The shipper or representative shall observe such marine 
mammals to determine whether or not they need veterinary care and shall 
provide or obtain any needed veterinary care as soon as possible. Care 
during transport shall include the following (on a species-specific 
basis):
    (1) Keeping the skin moist or preventing the drying of the skin by 
such methods as covering with wet cloths, spraying it with water or 
applying a nontoxic emollient;
    (2) Assuring that the pectoral flippers (when applicable) are 
allowed freedom of movement at all times;
    (3) Making adjustments in the position of the mammal when necessary 
to prevent necrosis of the skin at weight pressure points; and
    (4) Calming the mammal to prevent struggling, thrashing, and other 
activity that may cause overheating or physical trauma.
    (b) Unless otherwise directed by a shipper or authorized 
representative, at least one-half of the floor area in a primary 
enclosure used to transport sea otters to the United States shall 
contain sufficient crushed ice or ice water to provide each otter with 
moisture necessary to maintain its hair coat by preventing it from 
drying and to minimize soiling of the hair coat with urine and fecal 
material.
    (c) A marine mammal exhibiting excited or otherwise dangerous 
behavior shall not be taken from its primary enclosure except under 
extreme emergency conditions and then only by the shipper or other 
authorized individual who is capable of handling the animal safely.

               Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates



Sec.  14.141  Consignment to carrier.

    Species that grow antlers shall not be accepted for transport unless 
the antlers have been shed or surgically removed.



Sec.  14.142  Primary enclosures.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  14.106(j), ventilation openings must 
be located

[[Page 107]]

on at least two walls of a primary enclosure. When the required 
ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the primary 
enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 percent 
of the total surface area of each ventilated wall. When ventilation 
openings are located on all four walls of the primary enclosure, the 
openings shall comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of 
each wall. At least one-third of the minimum area required for 
ventilation shall be located on the lower one-half of the primary 
enclosure and at least one-third of the total minimum area required for 
ventilation shall be located on the upper one-half of the primary 
enclosure.
    (b) No more than one elephant or ungulate shall be transported in a 
primary enclosure, except that: a mother and nursing young may be 
shipped in the same primary enclosure if the shipment complies with the 
provisions of Sec.  14.105(b); in the case of land or sea transport, a 
pair of juvenile elephants or ungulates or other pairs that have been 
habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure.
    (c) A primary enclosure used to transport an elephant or ungulate 
shall be large enough to allow the animal to lie or stand in a natural 
upright position with the head extended, but not large enough for the 
animal to roll over.
    (d) A primary enclosure used to transport an elephant or ungulate 
with horns or tusks shall be designed and constructed to prevent the 
horns or tusks from becoming trapped or injuring the animal itself, 
other animals nearby, attendants, or cargo handlers.
    (e) A primary enclosure for an elephant or ungulate shall be 
equipped with a removable water trough that can be securely hung within 
the enclosure above the floor and can be filled from outside the 
enclosure.

   Specifications for Sloths, Bats, and Flying Lemurs (Cynocephalidae)



Sec.  14.151  Primary enclosures.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  14.106(j), ventilation openings must 
be located on at least two walls of a primary enclosure. When the 
required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the 
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 
percent of the total surface area of the ventilated wall. When 
ventilation openings are located on all four walls, the openings shall 
comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At 
least one-third of the total minimum area required for ventilation of 
the primary enclosure shall be located on the upper one-half of the 
primary enclosure.
    (b) No more than one sloth, bat, or flying lemur (Cynocephalidae) 
shall be transported in a primary enclosure. However, a mother and her 
nursing young being transported for medical reasons, an established 
male-female pair, a family group, a pair of juvenile animals that have 
not reached puberty, or other small groups of animals that have been 
habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure.
    (c) A primary enclosure used to transport sloths, bats, or flying 
lemurs shall be large enough to ensure that each animal has sufficient 
space to move freely and in a normal manner and shall have a wide perch, 
bar, or mesh of suitable strength fitted under the top of the enclosure 
and spaced from it in such a way that the animals may hang from it 
freely in a natural position.

              Specifications for Other Terrestrial Mammals



Sec.  14.161  Primary enclosures.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  14.106(j), ventilation openings must 
be located on at least two walls of a primary enclosure. When the 
required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the 
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 
percent of the total surface area of each ventilated wall. When openings 
are located on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings shall 
comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At 
least one-third of the minimum area required for ventilation shall be 
located on the lower one-half of the enclosure, and at least one-third 
of the total minimum

[[Page 108]]

area required for ventilation shall be located on the upper one-half of 
the enclosure.
    (b) No more than one terrestrial mammal (other than rodents) shall 
be transported in a primary enclosure. However, a mother and her nursing 
young may be shipped in the same primary enclosure if the shipment 
complies with the provisions of Sec.  14.105(b).
    (c) More than one rodent may be transported in the same primary 
enclosure if they are members of the same species and are maintained in 
compatible groups. Rodents that are incompatible shall be transported in 
individual primary enclosures that are stored and transported so they 
are visually separated. A female with young being transported for 
medical reasons shall not be placed in a primary enclosure with other 
animals. The following chart specifies maximum densities minimum space 
for transporting rodents that fall within the specified weight 
limitations. Max. No. refers to maximum number per primary enclosure; 
Space/animal refers to minimum area of floor space per animals. Rodents 
weighing more than 5,000 grams shall be transported in individual 
enclosures.

                     Density Guidelines for Rodents
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Space/Animal    Ht. of
                                          Max. ----------------    Box
                                          No.                  ---------
                                                cm \2\  in \2\   cm   in
------------------------------------------------------------------------
wt. in grams of rodent:
220 or less............................     20     194      30   15    6
220-450................................     12     388      60   20    8
450-1000...............................      6     770     120   25   10
1,000-5,000............................      2   2,310     360   30   12
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) A primary enclosure used to transport terrestrial mammals shall 
be large enough to ensure that each animal has sufficient space to turn 
around freely in a normal manner. The height of the primary enclosure 
shall provide adequate space for the animal to stand upright in a normal 
posture with space above its head. The length of the primary enclosure 
shall be great enough to enable the animal to lie in a full prone 
position.

                        Specifications for Birds



Sec.  14.171  Consignment to carrier.

    (a) A personally owned pet bird originally transported from the 
United States and being returned to this country with its original 
United States certificate of veterinary inspection within 60 days of 
departure may be accepted by a carrier without a new veterinary 
examination.
    (b) No carrier shall accept for transport to the United States any 
bird that was captured in the wild unless a qualified veterinarian, 
authorized by the national government of the country from which the bird 
is being exported, certifies that the bird has been held in captivity 
for at least 14 days.



Sec.  14.172  Primary enclosures.

    (a) A primary enclosure for birds shall have ventilation openings on 
two vertical sides that comprise at least 16 percent of the surface area 
of each side and are positioned so as to decrease the likelihood of 
creating a draft.
    (b) Perches shall be provided for birds that rest by perching. The 
diameter of the perch shall be sufficient to permit the birds to 
maintain a firm, comfortable grip. Perches shall be placed so that 
droppings do not fall into food or water troughs or onto other perched 
birds. There shall be enough head room to allow the birds to move onto 
and off the perches without touching the top of the enclosure.
    (c) An enclosure used to transport one or more birds that rest by 
perching shall be large enough to ensure that sufficient perch space is 
available for all birds to perch comfortably at the same time. No more 
than 50 birds that rest by perching shall be transported in one primary 
enclosure, with the exception of large birds (longer than 23 cm, or 9 
inches), which are limited to a maximum of 25 per primary enclosure.
    (d) A primary enclosure used to transport a raptorial bird shall be 
large enough to transport the bird comfortably and to permit it to turn 
around without stretching its wings to the fullest extent. Only one 
raptorial bird shall be contained in a primary enclosure.
    (e) A primary enclosure containing nonraptorial birds that do not 
rest by

[[Page 109]]

perching shall be large enough for the birds to turn around, to lie 
down, to stand erect, and to change posture in a normal manner.
    (f) Nectar-feeding birds shall either be transported in a primary 
enclosure equipped with feeding bottles accessible from outside the 
enclosure for replenishment or hand-carried and fed in accordance with 
the written instructions of the shipper.
    (g) Birds transported in the same primary enclosure shall be of the 
same species and be compatible with one another. Birds that are 
incompatible shall be placed in individual primary enclosures and these 
enclosures shall not be stored or transported in visual proximity to one 
another.



 Subpart K_Captive Wildlife Safety Act as Amended by the Big Cat Public 
                               Safety Act

    Source: 88 FR 38372, June 12, 2023, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  14.250  What is the purpose of the regulations in this subpart?

    The regulations in this subpart implement the Big Cat Public Safety 
Act (BCPSA), 136 Stat. 2336, which amended the Captive Wildlife Safety 
Act (CWSA), 117 Stat. 2871, which amended the Lacey Act Amendments of 
1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371-3378.



Sec.  14.251  What other regulations may apply?

    The provisions of this subpart are in addition to, and are not in 
place of, other regulations of this subchapter, or other Federal, State, 
Tribal, or territorial laws or regulations, that may require a permit or 
describe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, 
exportation, transportation, sale, receipt, acquisition, or purchase of 
any prohibited wildlife species in interstate or foreign commerce, or in 
a manner substantially affecting interstate or foreign commerce, or 
breeding of any prohibited wildlife species, or possessing of any 
prohibited wildlife species.



Sec.  14.252  What definitions do I need to know?

    In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of this 
subchapter, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this subpart:
    Breed means to facilitate propagation or reproduction (whether 
intentionally or negligently) or to fail to prevent propagation or 
reproduction.
    Date of enactment of the BCPSA means December 20, 2022.
    Direct contact or direct physical contact means any situation in 
which any individual may potentially touch or otherwise come into 
physical contact with any live specimen of the prohibited wildlife 
species.
    Licensed entity means any individual, facility, agency, or other 
entity that holds a valid Class ``C'' license from and is inspected by 
the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection 
Service (APHIS) under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) (7 U.S.C. 2131 et 
seq.) (See definition of ``Class ``C'' licensee (exhibitor)'' in 9 CFR 
1.1.), holds such license in good standing, and meets the requirements 
in Sec.  14.254.
    Prohibited wildlife species (also referred to as ``big cats'') means 
a specimen of any of the following eight species: lion (Panthera leo), 
tiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia 
uncia), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), jaguar (Panthera onca), 
cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), and cougar (Puma concolor) or any hybrids 
resulting from the breeding of any of these species, for example, a 
liger (a male lion and a female tiger) or a tiglon (a male tiger and a 
female lion), whether naturally or artificially produced.
    Propagation or reproduction means to allow or facilitate the 
production of offspring of any of the prohibited wildlife species, by 
any means.
    Public contact means the same as direct contact.
    Registered pre-BCPSA owner (also referred to as ``registrant'') 
means an entity or individual that at the date of enactment of the BCPSA 
was in possession of any prohibited wildlife species that was born 
before the date of enactment of the BCPSA and that meets the 
requirements in Sec.  14.255.

[[Page 110]]

    Registered Federal facility means any Federal facility that exhibits 
animals and is registered with and inspected by APHIS under the AWA (See 
definition of ``registrant'' in 9 CFR 1.1.), holds such registration in 
good standing, and meets the requirements in Sec.  14.254.
    Wildlife sanctuary means a facility that cares for live specimens of 
one or more of the prohibited wildlife species, is a corporation that is 
exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 and described in sections 501(c)(3) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi) of such 
Code, and meets the requirements of Sec.  14.256.



Sec.  14.253  What are the restrictions contained in the regulations in
this subpart?

    Except as provided in Sec.  14.257, it is unlawful for any person 
to:
    (a) Import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase, 
in interstate or foreign commerce, or in a manner substantially 
affecting interstate or foreign commerce, any live prohibited wildlife 
species;
    (b) Breed any live prohibited wildlife species;
    (c) Possess any live prohibited wildlife species; or
    (d) Attempt to commit any act described in paragraphs (a) through 
(c) of this section.



Sec.  14.254  What are the requirements for a licensed entity or 
registered Federal facility?

    To qualify for an exception in Sec.  14.257, a licensed entity or a 
registered Federal facility must meet all of the requirements of this 
section.
    (a) A licensed entity or a registered Federal facility must not 
allow any individual to come into direct physical contact with a 
prohibited wildlife species, unless that individual is a:
    (1) Trained professional employee or contractor of the licensed 
entity or registered Federal facility (or an accompanying employee 
receiving professional training);
    (2) Licensed veterinarian (or a veterinary student accompanying such 
a veterinarian); or
    (3) Person who is directly supporting conservation programs of the 
licensed entity or registered Federal facility, the direct contact is 
not in the course of commercial activity (which may be evidenced by 
advertisement or promotion of such activity or other relevant evidence), 
and the direct contact is incidental to humane husbandry conducted 
pursuant to a species-specific, publicly available, peer-edited 
population management and care plan that has been provided to the 
Service with justifications that the plan--
    (i) Reflects established conservation science principles;
    (ii) Incorporates genetic and demographic analysis of a multi-
institution population of animals covered by the plan; and
    (iii) Promotes animal welfare by ensuring that the frequency of 
breeding is appropriate for the species.
    (b) A licensed entity or a registered Federal facility must ensure 
that during public exhibition of any lion (Panthera leo), tiger 
(Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia 
uncia), jaguar (Panthera onca), cougar (Puma concolor), or any hybrid 
resulting from the breeding of any of these species, whether naturally 
or artificially produced, the animal is at least 15 feet from members of 
the public unless there is a permanent barrier sufficient to prevent 
public contact.
    (c) A licensed entity or a registered Federal facility must maintain 
complete and accurate records of any possession, breeding, 
transportation, acquisition, receipt, purchase, sale, disposition, 
importation, or exportation of prohibited wildlife species.
    (1) The records required by this paragraph (c) must be up to date 
and include the names and addresses of persons to or from whom any 
prohibited wildlife species has been acquired, received, imported, 
exported, purchased, sold, or otherwise transferred (including loans for 
exhibition, breeding, or otherwise), and the dates of these 
transactions.
    (2) The licensed entity or registered Federal facility must maintain 
the records required by this paragraph (c) for the lifespan of each 
prohibited wildlife species and for 5 years after its death or 
disposition and must copy these records for Service officials, if 
requested.
    (3) The licensed entity or registered Federal facility must make the 
records

[[Page 111]]

required by this paragraph (c) available and allow access to its 
facilities and its prohibited wildlife specimens for inspection by 
Service officials at reasonable hours.



Sec.  14.255  What are the requirements for a registered pre-BCPSA owner?

    To be a registered pre-BCPSA owner (also referred to as a 
``registrant'') and qualify for an exception in Sec.  14.257, an entity 
or individual must meet all of the requirements of this section.
    (a) A registered pre-BCPSA owner must register each individual 
prohibited wildlife species in their possession with the Service's BCPSA 
registration form (Form Number 3-200-11) by no later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of the BCPSA (i.e., no later than June 18, 2023). 
Each individual prohibited wildlife species in the registrant's 
possession must:
    (1) Have been born:
    (i) Before the date of enactment of the BCPSA; or
    (ii) On or after the date of enactment of the BCPSA from breeding 
that occurred before the date of enactment of the BCPSA, only if the 
registrant provides documentation to the Service on the BCPSA 
registration form (Form Number 3-200-11) to prove the individual 
prohibited wildlife species was born on or after the date of enactment 
of the BCPSA from breeding that occurred before the date of enactment of 
the BCPSA;
    (2) Not have been acquired by the registrant after the date of 
enactment of the BCPSA (i.e., legally in the registrant's possession on 
or before the date of enactment of the BCPSA and have remained 
continually in the registrant's possession); and
    (3) Be marked with a unique identifier that is either a tattoo or a 
microchip.
    (b) A registered pre-BCPSA owner must not:
    (1) Breed, acquire, or sell any prohibited wildlife species after 
the date of the enactment of the BCPSA (This requirement applies 
regardless of whether the activity is intrastate, interstate, or 
international); or
    (2) Allow direct contact between the public and any prohibited 
wildlife species after the date of the enactment of the BCPSA.
    (c) A registered pre-BCPSA owner must provide the Service with 
detailed information for each individual prohibited wildlife species as 
required by the Service in the BCPSA registration form (Form Number 3-
200-11), including:
    (1) Common name of prohibited wildlife species;
    (2) Name given to individual prohibited wildlife species, if 
applicable;
    (3) Genus, species, and subspecies;
    (4) Birthdate and date of acquisition, including supporting 
documentation;
    (5) Unique identifier information (i.e., microchip or tattoo);
    (6) Sex;
    (7) Description (e.g., eye color, scars, ear tags);
    (8) Photographs of individual prohibited wildlife species;
    (9) Physical location of individual prohibited wildlife species (if 
different from registrant's contact information);
    (10) Protocols taken to prevent breeding;
    (11) Protocols taken to prevent direct contact between the public 
and the prohibited wildlife species; and
    (12) Copies of all local, State, or Federal licenses held in 
relation to the prohibited wildlife species, if applicable.
    (d) Within 10 calendar days as required by the Service in the BCPSA 
registration form (Form Number 3-200-11), a registered pre-BCPSA owner 
must update the registration with the Service when a prohibited wildlife 
species dies or any of the following information changes: The location 
where the prohibited wildlife species is housed; the protocols taken to 
prevent breeding; the protocols taken to prevent direct contact between 
the public and big cat; ownership; or a unique identifier.
    (e) A registered pre-BCPSA owner must maintain complete and accurate 
records of information for each individual prohibited wildlife species 
in their possession as required by the Service in the BCPSA registration 
form (Form Number 3-200-11) for the lifespan of each individual 
prohibited wildlife species and for 5 years after its death or 
disposition and must copy

[[Page 112]]

these records for Service officials, if requested.
    (1) While the pre-BCPSA owner may not sell or otherwise engage in 
commerce with prohibited wildlife species, if the pre-BCPSA owner is no 
longer able to continue to possess their prohibited wildlife species, 
the pre-BCPSA owner may make arrangements to donate the prohibited 
wildlife species to a licensed entity, registered Federal facility, 
State college, State university, State agency, State-licensed 
veterinarian, or a wildlife sanctuary, or may make arrangements to 
abandon the prohibited wildlife species to the Federal Government. The 
disposition must not be reasonably likely to result in the registered 
pre-BCPSA owner's economic use, gain, or benefit, including, but not 
limited to, profit (whether in cash or in kind).
    (2) The records required by this paragraph (e) must be up to date, 
and the registered pre-BCPSA owner must make these records available and 
allow access to their facilities and prohibited wildlife specimens for 
inspection by Service officials at reasonable hours.



Sec.  14.256  What are the requirements for a wildlife sanctuary?

    To qualify for an exception in Sec.  14.257, a wildlife sanctuary 
must meet all of the requirements of this section.
    (a) A wildlife sanctuary must not:
    (1) Commercially trade in any prohibited wildlife species, including 
offspring, parts, and byproducts of such animals;
    (2) Breed any prohibited wildlife species;
    (3) Allow direct contact between the public and any prohibited 
wildlife species; or
    (4) Allow the transportation and display of any prohibited wildlife 
species offsite.
    (b) A wildlife sanctuary must maintain complete and accurate records 
of any possession, transportation, acquisition, receipt, disposition, 
importation, or exportation of prohibited wildlife species.
    (1) The records required by this paragraph (b) must be up to date 
and must include the names and addresses of persons to or from whom any 
prohibited wildlife species has been acquired, received, imported, 
exported, or otherwise transferred, and the dates of these transactions.
    (2) The wildlife sanctuary must maintain the records required by 
this paragraph (b) for the lifespan of each prohibited wildlife species 
and for 5 years after its death or disposition and must copy these 
records for Service officials, if requested.
    (3) The wildlife sanctuary must make the records required by this 
paragraph (b) available and allow access to its facilities and its 
prohibited wildlife specimens for inspection by Service officials at 
reasonable hours.



Sec.  14.257  Are there any exceptions to the restrictions contained in
the regulations in this subpart?

    (a) The prohibitions of Sec.  14.253 do not apply to:
    (1) A licensed entity or registered Federal facility that meets all 
of the requirements of Sec.  14.254;
    (2) A State college, State university, or State agency;
    (3) A State-licensed veterinarian;
    (4) A wildlife sanctuary that meets all of the requirements of Sec.  
14.256; or
    (5) A person who:
    (i) Can produce documentation showing that they are transporting 
live prohibited wildlife species solely for the purpose of expeditiously 
transporting the prohibited wildlife species between individuals or 
entities that are excepted from the prohibitions in Sec.  14.253; and
    (ii) Has no financial interest (whether in cash or in kind) in the 
prohibited wildlife species other than payment received for transporting 
them.
    (b) The prohibition on possession in Sec.  14.253 does not apply to 
a registered pre-BCPSA owner who is in possession of any prohibited 
wildlife species that was:
    (1) Born and possessed by the registered pre-BCPSA owner before the 
date of enactment of the BCPSA and meets all of the requirements of 
Sec.  14.255 for each of the prohibited wildlife species in their 
possession; or
    (2) Bred before and born on or after the date of enactment of the 
BCPSA, to a prohibited wildlife species possessed by the registered pre-
BCPSA owner before the date of enactment of

[[Page 113]]

the BCPSA, if the registered pre-BCPSA owner provides documentation 
demonstrating that the breeding occurred before the date of enactment of 
the BCPSA and meets all of the requirements of Sec.  14.255 for each of 
the prohibited wildlife species in their possession.



PART 15_WILD BIRD CONSERVATION ACT--Table of Contents



              Subpart A_Introduction and General Provisions

Sec.
15.1 Purpose of regulations.
15.2 Scope of regulations.
15.3 Definitions.
15.4 Information collection requirements.

                 Subpart B_Prohibitions and Requirements

15.11 Prohibitions.
15.12 Requirements.

     Subpart C_Permits and Approval of Cooperative Breeding Programs

15.21 General application procedures.
15.22 Permits for scientific research.
15.23 Permits for zoological breeding or display programs.
15.24 Permits for cooperative breeding.
15.25 Permits for personal pets.
15.26 Approval of cooperative breeding programs.

   Subpart D_Approved List of Species Listed in the Appendices to the 
                               Convention

15.31 Criteria for including species in the approved list for captive-
          bred species.
15.32 Criteria for including species in the approved list for non-
          captive-bred species.
15.33 Species included in the approved list.

   Subpart E_Qualifying Facilities Breeding Exotic Birds in Captivity

15.41 Criteria for including facilities as qualifying for imports. 
          [Reserved]
15.42 List of foreign qualifying breeding facilities. [Reserved]

Subpart F_List of Prohibited Species Not Listed in the Appendices to the 
                               Convention

15.51 Criteria for including species and countries in the prohibited 
          list. [Reserved]
15.52 Species included in the prohibited list. [Reserved]
15.53 Countries of export included in the prohibited list. [Reserved]

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 4901-4916.

    Source: 58 FR 60536, Nov. 16, 1993, unless otherwise noted.



              Subpart A_Introduction and General Provisions



Sec.  15.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations in this part implement the Wild Bird Conservation 
Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102-440, 16 U.S.C. 4901-4916.



Sec.  15.2  Scope of regulations.

    (a) The regulations in this part apply to all species of exotic 
birds, as defined in section 15.3.
    (b) The provisions in this part are in addition to, and are not in 
lieu of, other regulations of this subchapter B that may require a 
permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the 
import, export, reexport, and transportation of wildlife.



Sec.  15.3  Definitions.

    In addition to the definitions contained in parts 10 and 23 of this 
subchapter B, and unless the context requires otherwise, in this part:
    Documentation means a description of how scientific information was 
collected, including the methodologies used; names and institutions of 
individuals conducting the work; dates and locations of any study; and 
any published results or reports from the work.
    Exotic bird means any live or dead member of the Class Aves that is 
not indigenous to the 50 States or the District of Columbia, including 
any egg or offspring thereof, but does not include domestic poultry, 
dead sport-hunted birds, dead museum specimens, dead scientific 
specimens, products manufactured from such birds, or birds in any of the 
following families: Phasianidae. Numididae, Cracidae, Meleagrididae, 
Megapodiidae, Anatidae, Struthionidae Rheidae, Dromaiinae, and Gruidae.
    Indigenous means a species that is naturally occurring, not 
introduced as a result of human activity, and that currently regularly 
inhabits or breeds

[[Page 114]]

in the 50 States or the District of Columbia.
    Life cycle means the annual processes involved with breeding, 
migration, and all other non-breeding activities.
    Person means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, 
association, or any other private entity; or any officer, employee, 
agent, department, or instrumentality of the Federal Government, of any 
State, municipality, or political subdivision of a State, or of any 
foreign government; any State, municipality, or political subdivision of 
a State; or any other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
States.
    Species means any species, any subspecies, or any district 
population segment of a species or subspecies, and includes hybrids of 
any species or subspecies. Hybrids will be treated according to the more 
restrictive appendix or category in which either parental species is 
listed.
    Status means a qualitative measure of the vulnerability to 
extinction or extirpation of a population at a given time (e.g., 
endangered, threatened, vulnerable, non-threatened, or insufficiently 
known).
    Sustainable use means the use of a species in a manner and at a 
level such that populations of the species are maintained at 
biologically viable levels for the long term and involves a 
determination of the productive capacity of the species and its 
ecosystem, in order to ensure that utilization does not exceed those 
capacities or the ability of the population to reproduce, maintain 
itself and perform its role or function in its ecosystem.
    Trend means a long-term assessment of any change in the absolute or 
relative size of a species' population or habitat over time (e.g., 
increasing, decreasing, at equilibrium, insufficiently known).
    United States means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, 
the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust 
Territory of the Pacific Islands.

[58 FR 60536, Nov. 16, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 2091, Jan. 24, 1996]



Sec.  15.4  Information collection requirements.

    (a) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information 
collection requirements contained in this part 15 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 
and assigned OMB Control Number 1018-0093. The Service may not conduct 
or sponsor, and you are not required to respond, to a collection of 
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We 
are collecting this information to provide information necessary to 
evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review 
permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria 
established in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and 
regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of 
permits. You must respond to obtain or retain a permit.
    (b) We estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting 
requirements to vary from 1 to 4 hours per response, with an average of 
2 hours per response, including time for reviewing instructions, 
gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the forms. 
Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of 
these reporting requirements to the Service's Information Collection 
Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).

[63 FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998, as amended at 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



                 Subpart B_Prohibitions and Requirements



Sec.  15.11  Prohibitions.

    (a) Except as provided under a permit issued pursuant to subpart C 
of this part, it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction 
of the United States to commit, attempt to commit, to solicit another to 
commit, or to cause to be committed, any of the acts described in 
paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section in regard to any exotic bird.
    (b) It is unlawful to import into the United States any exotic bird 
species listed in the Appendices to the Convention that is not included 
in the approved list of species, pursuant to subpart D of this part, 
except that this

[[Page 115]]

paragraph (b) does not apply to any exotic bird that was bred in a 
foreign breeding facility listed as qualifying pursuant to subpart E of 
this part.
    (c) It is unlawful to import into the United States any exotic bird 
species not listed in the Appendices to the Convention that is listed in 
the prohibited species list, pursuant to subpart F of this part.
    (d) It is unlawful to import into the United States any exotic bird 
species from any country included in the prohibited country list, 
pursuant to subpart F of this part.
    (e) It is unlawful to import into the United States any exotic bird 
species from a qualifying facility breeding exotic birds in captivity, 
listed pursuant to subpart E of this part, if the exotic bird was not 
captive-bred at the listed facility.
    (f) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the 
United States to engage in any activity with an exotic bird imported 
under a permit issued pursuant to this part that violates a condition of 
said permit.

[58 FR 60536, Nov. 16, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 62255, Dec. 2, 1994]



Sec.  15.12  Requirements.

    (a) No person shall import into the United States any exotic bird 
except as may be permitted under the terms of a valid permit issued 
pursuant to the provisions of subpart C of this part and 50 CFR part 13, 
or in accordance with the provisions of subparts D-F of this part 15, or 
in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Any exotic bird can be imported to the United States if it was 
legally exported from the United States with a permit issued by the 
Service's Office of Management Authority, provided that the import is by 
the same person who exported the bird, the import is accompanied by a 
copy of the cleared CITES export permit or certificate issued by the 
Service that was used to export the exotic bird, and the Service is 
satisfied that the same bird is being imported as is indicted on the 
aforementioned permit or certificate.



     Subpart C_Permits and Approval of Cooperative Breeding Programs



Sec.  15.21  General application procedures.

    (a) The Director may issue a permit authorizing the importation of 
exotic birds otherwise prohibited by Sec.  15.11, in accordance with the 
issuance criteria of this subpart, for the following purposes only: 
Scientific research; zoological breeding or display programs; 
cooperative breeding programs designed to promote the conservation and 
maintenance of the species in the wild; or personally owned pets 
accompanying persons returning to the United States after being out of 
the country for more than 1 year.
    (b) Additional requirements as indicated in parts 13, 14, 17, 21, 
and 23 of this subchapter must also be met.
    (c) A person wishing to obtain a permit under this subpart or 
approval of cooperative breeding programs under this subpart submits an 
application to the attention of the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service, at the address listed for the Division of Management Authority 
at 50 CFR 2.1(b). Each application must contain the general information 
and certification required in Sec.  13.12(a) of this subchapter, and all 
of the information specified in the applicable section Sec. Sec.  15.22 
through 15.26.

[58 FR 60536, Nov. 16, 1993, as amended at 63 FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998; 79 
FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



Sec.  15.22  Permits for scientific research.

    (a) Application requirements for permits for scientific research. 
Each application shall provide the following information and such other 
information that the Director may require:
    (1) A description of the exotic bird(s) to be imported, including:
    (i) The common and scientific names of the species, number, age or 
age class, and, when known, sex; and
    (ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of the application, the 
exotic bird is still in the wild, has already been removed from the 
wild, or was bred in captivity;
    (2) If the exotic bird is in the wild or was taken from the wild, 
include:

[[Page 116]]

    (i) The country and region where the removal will occur or occurred;
    (ii) A description of the status of the species in the region of 
removal; and
    (iii) A copy of any foreign collecting permit or authorizing letter, 
if applicable;
    (3) If the exotic bird was bred in captivity, include:
    (i) Documents or other evidence that the bird was bred in captivity, 
including the name and address of the breeder, and when known, hatch 
date and identity of the parental birds; and
    (ii) If the applicant is not the breeder, documentation showing the 
bird was acquired from a breeder and a history of multiple transactions, 
if applicable:
    (4) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining a permit, and a complete description of the scientific 
research to be conducted on the exotic bird requested, including:
    (i) Formal research protocol with timetable;
    (ii) The relationship of such research to the conservation of the 
species in the wild;
    (iii) A discussion of possible alternatives and efforts to obtain 
birds from other sources; and
    (iv) Plans for disposition of the exotic birds and any progeny upon 
completion of the research project;
    (5) Qualifications of the scientific personnel conducting the 
proposed research, including applicable experience and a description of 
relevant past research conducted;
    (6) A description of the care and maintenance of the exotic bird, 
and how the facility meets professionally recognized standards, 
including;
    (i) The name and address of the facility where the exotic bird will 
be maintained;
    (ii) Dimensions of existing enclosures for the birds to be imported 
and number of birds to be housed in each; and
    (iii) Husbandry practices.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the 
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in part 13 
of this subchapter, the following factors;
    (1) Whether the purpose of the scientific research is adequate to 
justify removing the exotic bird from the wild or otherwise changing its 
status;
    (2) Whether the proposed import would be detrimental to the survival 
of the exotic bird species in the wild, including whether the exotic 
bird was bred in captivity or was (or will be) taken from the wild, 
taking into consideration the conservation status of the species in the 
wild;
    (3) Whether the permit, if issued, would conflict with any known 
program intended to enhance the survival of the population from which 
the exotic bird was or would be removed;
    (4) Whether the research for which the permit is required has 
scientific merit;
    (5) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available 
to the applicant appear adequate for proper care and maintenance of the 
exotic bird and to successfully accomplish the research objectives 
stated in the application.
    (c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this 
section shall be subject to special conditions as the Director may deem 
appropriate.
    (d) Duration of permits. The duration of the import permits issued 
under this section shall be designated on the face of the permit, but in 
no case will these permits be valid for longer than one year.



Sec.  15.23  Permits for zoological breeding or display programs.

    (a) Application requirements for permits for zoological breeding or 
display programs. Each application shall provide the following 
information and such other information that the Director may require:
    (1) A description of the exotic bird(s) to be imported, including:
    (i) The common and scientific names of the species, number, age or 
age class, and, when known, sex; and
    (ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of the application, the 
exotic bird is still in the wild, has already been removed from the 
wild, or was bred in captivity;

[[Page 117]]

    (2) If the exotic bird is in the wild or was taken from the wild 
include:
    (i) The country and region where the removal will occur or occurred;
    (ii) A description of the status of the species in the region of 
removal; and
    (iii) A copy of any foreign collecting permit or authorizing letter, 
if applicable;
    (3) If the exotic bird was bred in captivity, include:
    (i) Documents or other evidence that the bird was bred in captivity, 
including the name and address of the breeder, and when known, identity 
of the parental birds, and hatch date; and
    (ii) If the applicant is not the breeder, documentation showing the 
bird was acquired from a breeder and a history of multiple transactions, 
if applicable;
    (4) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining a permit, and a complete description of the breeding or 
display program to be conducted with the exotic bird requested, 
including:
    (i) A breeding or education protocol that provides information on 
educational materials on the ecology and/or conservation status of the 
species provided to the general public;
    (ii) Plans, if any, for developing or maintaining a self-sustaining 
population of the exotic bird species in captivity;
    (iii) A statement on efforts to obtain birds from alternative 
sources or sources within the United States;
    (iv) The relationship of such a breeding or display program to the 
conservation of the species in the wild; and
    (v) Plans for disposition of the exotic birds and any progeny.
    (5) A description of the care and maintenance of the exotic bird, 
and how the facility meets professionally recognized standards of the 
public display community, including:
    (i) The name and address of the facility where the exotic bird will 
be maintained;
    (ii) Dimensions of existing enclosures for the birds to be imported 
and number of birds to be housed in each;
    (iii) Husbandry practices;
    (6) A history of the zoological facility's breeding programs with 
the same or similar species, including:
    (i) Participation in any cooperative breeding programs;
    (ii) Breeding and inventory records for the last two years, 
including hatching, survival, and mortality records; and
    (iii) Causes of any mortalities and efforts made to correct any 
problems.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the 
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in part 13 
of this subchapter, the following factors:
    (1) Whether the zoological breeding or display program is adequate 
to justify removing the exotic bird from the wild or otherwise changing 
its status;
    (2) Whether the proposed import would be detrimental to the survival 
of the exotic bird species in the wild, including whether the exotic 
bird was bred in captivity or was (or will be) taken from the wild, 
taking into consideration the conservation status of the species in the 
wild;
    (3) Whether the permit, if issued, would conflict with any known 
program intended to enhance the survival of the population from which 
the exotic bird was or would be removed;
    (4) Whether the breeding or display program for which the permit is 
required has conservation merit; and
    (5) Whether the expertise, facilities or other resources available 
to the applicant appear adequate for proper care and maintenance of the 
exotic bird and to successfully accomplish the zoological breeding or 
display objectives stated in the application.
    (c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this 
section shall be subject to special conditions as the Director may deem 
appropriate.
    (d) Duration of permits. The duration of the import permits issued 
under this section shall be designated on the face of the permit, but in 
no case will these permits be valid for longer than one year.

[[Page 118]]



Sec.  15.24  Permits for cooperative breeding.

    (a) Application requirements for permits for cooperative breeding. 
Each application shall provide the following information and such other 
information that the Director may require:
    (1) A description of the exotic bird(s) to be imported, including:
    (i) The common and scientific names of the species, number, age or 
age class, and, when known, sex; and
    (ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of the application, the 
exotic bird is still in the wild, has already been removed from the 
wild, or was bred in captivity;
    (2) If the exotic bird is still in the wild or was taken from the 
wild include;
    (i) The country and region where the removal will occur or occurred;
    (ii) A description of the status of the species in the region of 
removal; and
    (iii) A copy of any foreign collecting permit or authorizing letter, 
if applicable;
    (3) If the exotic bird was bred in captivity, include;
    (i) Documents or other evidence that the bird was bred in captivity, 
including the name and address of the breeder, when known, the identity 
of the parental birds and hatch date; and
    (ii) If the applicant is not the breeder, documentation showing the 
bird was acquired from the breeder and a history of multiple 
transactions, if applicable;
    (4) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining a permit, and a statement detailing the applicant's 
participation in a cooperative breeding program approved under section 
15.26 of this chapter, including;
    (i) Copies of any signed agreements or protocols with the monitoring 
avicultural, conservation, or zoological organization overseeing the 
program; and
    (ii) Applicable records of the cooperative breeding program of any 
other birds imported, their progeny, and their disposition;
    (5) A complete description of the relationship of the exotic bird to 
the approved cooperative breeding program, including;
    (i) A statement of the role of the exotic bird in a breeding 
protocol;
    (ii) A plan for maintaining a self-sustaining captive population of 
the exotic bird species;
    (iii) Details on recordkeeping; and
    (iv) Plans for disposition of the exotic birds and any progeny 
produced during the course of this program.
    (6) A statement outlining the applicant's attempts to obtain the 
exotic bird in a manner that would not cause its removal from the wild, 
and attempts to obtain the specimens of the exotic bird species from 
stock available in the United States;
    (7) A description of the care and maintenance of the exotic bird, 
and how the facility meets professionally recognized standards, 
including;
    (i) The name and address of the facility where the exotic bird will 
be maintained;
    (ii) Dimensions of existing enclosures for birds to be imported and 
number of birds to be housed in each; and
    (iii) Husbandry practices;
    (8) A history of the applicant's past participation in cooperative 
breeding programs with the same or similar species, including;
    (i) Breeding and inventory records for at least the last two years;
    (ii) Hatching, survival, and mortality records;
    (iii) Causes of any mortalities and efforts made to correct any 
problems.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the 
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in part 13 
of this subchapter, the following factors;
    (1) Whether the cooperative breeding program is adequate to justify 
removing the exotic bird from the wild or otherwise changing its status;
    (2) Whether the proposed import would be detrimental to the survival 
of the exotic bird species in the wild, including whether the exotic 
bird was bred in captivity or was (or will be) taken from the wild, 
taking into consideration the conservation status of the species in the 
wild;

[[Page 119]]

    (3) Whether the cooperative breeding program for which the permit is 
required would be likely to enhance or promote the conservation of the 
exotic bird species in the wild or result in a self-sustaining 
population of the exotic bird species in captivity; and
    (4) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available 
to the applicant appear adequate for proper care and maintenance of the 
exotic birds and to successfully accomplish the cooperative breeding 
objectives stated in the application.
    (c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this 
section shall be subject to special conditions as the Director may deem 
appropriate.
    (d) Duration of permits. The duration of the import permits issued 
under this section shall be designated on the face of the permit, but in 
no case will these permits be valid for longer than one year.



Sec.  15.25  Permits for personal pets.

    (a) Application requirements for personal pets not intended for 
sale. No individual may import more than two exotic birds as pets in any 
year. Each application shall provide the following information and such 
other information that the Director may require:
    (1) A description of the exotic bird to be imported, including;
    (i) The common and scientific names, number, age, and, when known, 
sex;
    (ii) A band number, house name, or any other unique identifying 
feature; and
    (iii) A statement as to whether the exotic bird was bred in 
captivity or taken from the wild;
    (2) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining a permit;
    (3) Documentation showing that the applicant has continually resided 
outside of the United States for a minimum of one year;
    (4) A statement of the number of exotic birds imported during the 
previous 12 months as personal pets by the applicant;
    (5) Information on the origin of the exotic bird, including;
    (i) Country of origin; and
    (ii) A description and documentation of how the exotic bird was 
acquired, including a copy of any Convention permit under which the bird 
was re-exported or exported. If there is no such permit, a sales receipt 
or signed statement from seller with name and address of seller, date of 
sale, species, and other identifying information on the bird or signed 
breeder's certificate or statement with name and address of breeder, 
date of sale or transfer, species and hatch date.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the 
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in part 13 
of this subchapter, the following factors:
    (1) Whether the proposed import would be detrimental to the survival 
of the exotic bird species in the wild;
    (2) Whether the exotic bird to be imported is a personal pet owned 
by the applicant, who has continuously resided outside the United States 
for a minimum of one year, and who has no intention to sell the bird; 
and
    (3) Whether the number of exotic birds imported in the previous 12 
months by the applicant does not exceed two.
    (c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this 
section shall be subject to special conditions that no individual may 
import more than two exotic birds as personal pets in any year, the 
exotic birds cannot be sold after importation into the United States, 
and any other conditions as the Director may deem appropriate.
    (d) Duration of permits. The duration of the import permits issued 
under this section shall be designated on the face of the permit.



Sec.  15.26  Approval of cooperative breeding programs.

    Upon receipt of a complete application, the Director may approve 
cooperative breeding programs. Such approval will allow individuals to 
import exotic birds otherwise prohibited by

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section 15.11, with permits under section 15.24. Such approval for 
cooperative breeding programs shall be granted in accordance with the 
issuance criteria of this section.
    (a) Application requirements for approval of cooperative breeding 
programs. Each application shall provide the following information and 
such other information that the Director may require:
    (1) A description of the exotic bird(s) to be imported or to be 
covered under the program, including the common and scientific names of 
the species, number, sex ratio (if applicable), and age class;
    (2) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining this approval, and a description of the cooperative breeding 
program requested for the exotic bird species, including:
    (i) A breeding protocol, including a genetic management plan and 
breeding methods;
    (ii) A statement on the plans for developing and maintaining a self-
sustaining population in captivity of the exotic bird species;
    (iii) Details on the system of recordkeeping and tracking of birds 
and their progeny, including how individual specimens will be marked or 
otherwise identified;
    (iv) A statement on the relationship of such a breeding program to 
the conservation of the exotic bird species in the world;
    (v) Details on the funding of this program; and
    (vi) Plans for disposition of the exotic birds and any progeny;
    (3) A qualification statement for each individual who will be 
overseeing the cooperative breeding program. This statement should 
include information on the individual's prior experience with the same 
or similar bird species. Individuals overseeing the program will be 
required to demonstrate an affiliation with an avicultural, 
conservation, or zoological organization;
    (4) A statement of the oversight of the program by the avicultural, 
zoological, or conservation organization, including their monitoring of 
participation in the program, criteria for acceptance of individuals 
into the program, and the relationship of the cooperative breeding 
program to enhancing the propagation and survival of the species; and
    (5) A history of the cooperative breeding program, including an 
annual report for the last 3 years (if applicable), mortality records, 
breeding records, and a studbook if one has been developed for the 
species.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a cooperative breeding program should be approved. In 
making this decision, the Director shall consider, in addition to the 
general criteria in part 13 of this subchapter, the following factors:
    (1) Whether the cooperative breeding program for which the approval 
is requested is adequate to justify removing the exotic bird from the 
wild or otherwise changing its status;
    (2) Whether the granting of this approval would be detrimental to 
the survival of the exotic bird species in the wild, including whether 
the exotic birds were bred in captivity or will be taken from the wild, 
taking into consideration the conservation status of the species in the 
wild;
    (3) Whether the granting of this approval would conflict with any 
known program intended to enhance the survival of the population from 
which the exotic bird species was or would be removed;
    (4) Whether the cooperative breeding program for which the permit is 
requested would be likely to enhance or promote the conservation of the 
exotic bird species in the wild or result in a self-sustaining 
population of the exotic bird species in captivity; and
    (5) Whether the expertise or other resources available to the 
program appear adequate to successfully accomplish the objectives stated 
in the application.
    (c) Publication in the Federal Register. The Director shall publish 
notice in the Federal Register of each application submitted under Sec.  
15.26(a). Each notice shall invite the submission from interested 
parties of written data, views, or arguments with respect to the 
application. The Director shall publish periodically a notice as 
appropriate in the Federal Register of the

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list of approved cooperative breeding programs.
    (d) Approval conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every approval issued under this 
paragraph shall be subject to the special condition that the cooperative 
breeding program shall maintain records of all birds imported under 
permits issued under this subpart and their progeny, including their 
sale or transfer, death, or escape, and breeding success. These records 
shall be made available to the Service on request and when renewing an 
approval.
    (e) Duration of approval. Cooperative breeding programs shall be 
approved for two years, at which time applicants may apply to the 
Service for renewal of a program's approval. Applications for renewal of 
approval shall comply with the general conditions set forth in part 13 
of this subchapter.



   Subpart D_Approved List of Species Listed in the Appendices to the 
                               Convention

    Source: 59 FR 62262, Dec. 2, 1994, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  15.31  Criteria for including species in the approved list for 
captive-bred species.

    The Director will periodically review the list of captive-bred 
exotic bird species in paragraph 15.33(a), for which importation into 
the United States is approved. Any exotic bird species listed in 
paragraph 15.33(a) pursuant to this section must meet all of the 
following criteria:
    (a) All specimens of the species known to be in trade (legal or 
illegal) are captive-bred;
    (b) No specimens of the species are known to be removed from the 
wild for commercial purposes;
    (c) Any importation of specimens of the species would not be 
detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild; and
    (d) Adequate enforcement controls are in place to ensure compliance 
with paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.



Sec.  15.32  Criteria for including species in the approved list for
non-captive-bred species.

    Upon receipt of a completed sustainable use management plan for a 
country of export, the Director may approve a species listed in 
Appendices II or III of the Convention for importation from that 
country. Such approval shall be granted in accordance with the issuance 
criteria of this section. All approved species and countries of export 
will be listed in section 15.33.
    (a) Requirements for scientifically-based sustainable use management 
plans. Sustainable use management plans developed by the country of 
export should be submitted for species which breed in the country of 
export. If the species does not breed in the country of export, the 
Service will consider sustainable use management plans only when the 
plan is scientifically valid and nesting (breeding) information can be 
provided from countries in which the species breeds. Sustainable use 
management plans shall include the following information, and any other 
information that may be appropriate:
    (1) Background information, including the following:
    (i) The scientific and common name of the species;
    (ii) Letters from the country of export's Management and Scientific 
Authorities transmitting the management plan of this species;
    (iii) A summary of the country of export's legislation related to 
this species and legislation implementing the Convention, and, where 
appropriate, a summary of implementing regulations;
    (iv) A summary, from the country of export's Management Authority, 
of the country's infrastructure and law enforcement and monitoring 
mechanisms designed to ensure both enforcement of and compliance with 
the requirements of the management plan, and that the number of birds 
removed from the wild or exported will be consistent with the management 
plan;
    (v) Recent information on the distribution of the species within the 
country of export, including scientific references and maps, and 
historical information on distributions, if relevant; and

[[Page 122]]

    (vi) The species' status and its current population trend in the 
country of export, including scientific references and copies of the 
most recent non-detriment findings made by the exporting country's 
Scientific Authority.
    (2) Habitat information, including:
    (i) A general description of habitats used by the species for each 
portion of the life cycle completed within the country of export;
    (ii) Recent information on the size and distribution of these 
habitats throughout the country of export and in each area or region of 
take, including scientific references and maps. The approximate location 
of any reserves that provide protection for this species should be 
indicated on the accompanying map(s), along with a brief description of 
how reserves are protected and how that protection is enforced;
    (iii) Status and trends of the important habitats used by the 
species in the country of export as a whole whenever available and 
within each area or region of take, including scientific references;
    (iv) Factors, including management activities, favoring or 
threatening the species' habitat in the foreseeable future within each 
area or region of take, and throughout the country of export whenever 
available, including scientific references; and
    (v) A list of management plans that have been or are being planned, 
developed, or implemented for the species' important habitats, if any.
    (3) Information on the role of the species in its ecosystem, 
including:
    (i) A description of the part(s) of the species' life cycle 
completed within the country of export;
    (ii) A description of nest sites and/or plant communities that are 
most frequently used for placement of nests and, if applicable, nesting 
habits;
    (iii) A general description of the species' diet and where the 
species forages (aerial feeder, tree canopy, tree trunk, midstory, 
understory, open water or other), and seasonal changes in foraging 
habits, including, when available, scientific references; and
    (iv) Information on any species or plant community which is 
dependent on the occurrence of the exotic bird species.
    (4) Population dynamics of the species, including:
    (i) Recent population data for the population of the species in the 
country of export, as derived from indices of relative abundance or 
population estimates, along with documentation for each estimate;
    (ii) Within each area or region of take, documentation for recent 
population data or estimates, conducted for at least 3 separate years or 
1 year with a description of survey plans for future years. These 
population assessments should have been conducted during the same season 
(breeding or non-breeding) of each year for which documentation is 
submitted (i.e., be methodologically comparable--both temporally and 
spatially);
    (iii) Within each area or region of take, a scientific assessment 
(with documentation) of recent reproductive (nesting) success. This 
assessment should include information on the number of young produced 
per egg-laying female per year or per nesting pair, or if scientifically 
appropriate for the species to be exported, estimates on the number of 
young produced per year from pre-breeding and post-breeding surveys 
conducted within the same annual cycle;
    (iv) Within each area or region of take, estimation (with 
documentation) of annual mortality or loss including natural mortality 
and take for subsistence use, export trade, and domestic trade in each 
area of take; or
    (v) When appropriate, information (with documentation) on the number 
of young which can be taken from the area, as a result of a conservation 
enhancement program.
    (5) Determination of biologically sustainable use:
    (i) Estimation of the number exported from the country during the 
past 2 years, and the number of birds removed from the wild for export, 
domestic trade, illegal trade, subsistence use, and other purposes 
(specify) for the country of export during the past 2 years;
    (ii) The estimated number of birds that will be removed from the 
wild from each area of take each year for all purposes (export trade, 
domestic trade,

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illegal trade, and subsistence use), including a description of age-
classes (nestlings, fledglings, sub-adults, adults, all classes), when 
applicable;
    (iii) For the projected take addressed in the management plan, a 
description of the removal process, including, but not limited to, 
locations, time of year, capture methods, means of transport, and pre-
export conditioning;
    (iv) Documentation of how each projected level of take was 
determined;
    (v) Explanation of infrastructure and law enforcement and monitoring 
mechanisms that ensure compliance with the methodology in the management 
plan and that the species will be removed at a level that ensures 
sustainable use; and
    (vi) Description of how species in each area or region of take will 
be monitored in order to determine whether the number and age classes of 
birds taken is sustainable.
    (6)(i) For species that are considered ``pests'' in the country of 
origin: documentation that such a species is a pest, including a 
description of the type of pest,--e.g., agricultural, disease carrier; a 
description of the damage the pest species causes to its ecosystem; and 
a description of how the sustainable use management plan controls 
population levels of the pest species.
    (ii) For non-pest species: A description of how the sustainable use 
management plan promotes the value of the species and its habitats. 
Incentives for conservation may be generated by environmental education, 
cooperative efforts or projects, development of cooperative management 
units, and/or activities involving local communities.
    (7) Additional factors:
    (i) Description of any existing enhancement activities developed for 
the species, including, but not limited to, annual banding programs, 
nest watching/guarding, and nest improvement; and
    (ii) Description, including photographs or diagrams, of the shipping 
methods and enclosures proposed to be used to transport the exotic 
birds, including but not limited to feeding and care during transport, 
densities of birds in shipping enclosures, and estimated consignment 
sizes.
    (b) Approval criteria. Upon receiving a sustainable use management 
plan in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will 
decide whether or not an exotic bird species should be listed as an 
approved species for importation from the country of export, under 
section 15.33. In making this decision, the Director shall consider in 
addition to the general criteria in part 13 of this subchapter, all of 
the following factors for the species:
    (1) Whether the country of export is effectively implementing the 
Convention, particularly with respect to:
    (i) Establishment of a functioning Scientific Authority;
    (ii) The requirements of Article IV of the Convention;
    (iii) Remedial measures recommended by the Parties to the Convention 
with respect to this and similar species, including recommendations of 
permanent committees of the Convention; and
    (iv) Article VIII of the Convention, including but not limited to 
establishment of legislation and infrastructure necessary to enforce the 
Convention, and submission of annual reports to the Convention's 
Secretariat;
    (2) Whether the country of export has developed a scientifically-
based management plan for the species that:
    (i) Provides for the conservation of the species and its habitat(s);
    (ii) Includes incentives for conservation unless the species is a 
documented pest species;
    (iii) Is adequately implemented and enforced;
    (iv) Ensures that the use of the species is:
    (A) Sustainable;
    (B) Maintained throughout its range at a level that is consistent 
with the species' role in its ecosystem; and
    (C) Is well above the level at which the species might become 
threatened;
    (v) Addresses illegal trade, domestic trade, subsistence use, 
disease, and habitat loss; and
    (vi) Ensures that the methods of capture, transport, and maintenance 
of the species minimize the risk of injury, damage to health, and 
inhumane treatment; and
    (3) If the species has a multi-national distribution:

[[Page 124]]

    (i) Whether populations of the species in other countries in which 
it occurs will not be detrimentally affected by exports of the species 
from the country requesting approval;
    (ii) Whether factors affecting conservation of the species, 
including export from other countries, illegal trade, domestic use, or 
subsistence use are regulated throughout the range of the species so 
that recruitment and/or breeding stocks of the species will not be 
detrimentally affected by the proposed export;
    (iii) Whether the projected take and export will not detrimentally 
affect breeding populations; and
    (iv) Whether the projected take and export will not detrimentally 
affect existing enhancement activities, conservation programs, or 
enforcement efforts throughout the species' range.
    (4) For purposes of applying the criterion in paragraph (b)(2)(iv) 
of this section, the Director may give positive consideration to plans 
wherein very conservative capture and export quotas are implemented 
prior to being able to obtain all of the biological information 
necessary for a more large-scale management plan, if the country can 
demonstrate that such conservative capture and export quotas are non-
detrimental to the species survival in the wild under the criterion in 
paragraph (b)(2)(iv) of this section.
    (c) Publication in the Federal Register. The Director shall publish 
notice in the Federal Register of the availability of each complete 
sustainable use management plan received under paragraph (a) of this 
section. Each notice shall invite the submission from interested parties 
of written data, views, or arguments with respect to the proposed 
approval.
    (d) Duration of approval. A species and country of export listed in 
section 15.33 as approved shall be approved for 3 years, at which time 
renewal of approval shall be considered by the Service.

[61 FR 2091, Jan. 24, 1996]



Sec.  15.33  Species included in the approved list.

    (a) Captive-bred species. The list in this paragraph includes 
species of captive-bred exotic birds for which importation into the 
United States is not prohibited by section 15.11. The species are 
grouped taxonomically by order.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Species                            Common name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Order Falconiiformes:
    Buteo buteo........................  Common European buzzard.
Order Columbiformes:
    Columba livia......................  Rock dove.
Order Psittaciformes:
    Agapornis personata................  Masked lovebird.
    Agapornis roseicollis..............  Peach-faced lovebird.
    Aratinga jandaya...................  Jendaya conure.
    Barnardius barnardi................  Mallee ringneck parrot.
    Bolborhynchus lineola (blue form)..  Lineolated parakeet (blue
                                          form).
    Bolborhynchus lineola (yellow form)  Lineolated parakeet (yellow
                                          form).
    Bolborhynchus lineola (white form).  Lineolated parakeet (white
                                          form).
    Cyanoramphus auriceps..............  Yellow-fronted Parakeet.
    Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae........  Red-fronted parakeet.
    Forpus coelestis (lutino form).....  Pacific parrotlet (lutino
                                          form).
    Forpus coelestis (yellow form).....  Pacific parrotlet (yellow
                                          form).
    Forpus coelestis (blue form).......  Pacific parrotlet (blue form).
    Forpus coelestis (cinnamon form)...  Pacific parrotlet (cinnamon
                                          form).
    Melopsittacus undulatus............  Budgerigar.
    Neophema bourkii...................  Bourke's parrot.
    Neophema chrysostoma...............  Blue-winged Parrot.
    Neophema elegans...................  Elegant Parrot.
    Neophema pulchella.................  Turquoise parrot.
    Neophema splendida.................  Scarlet-chested parrot.
    Nymphicus hollandicus..............  Cockatiel.
    Platycercus adelaide...............  Adelaide rosella.
    Platycercus adscitus...............  Pale-headed rosella.
    Platycercus elegans................  Crimson rosella.
    Platycercus eximius................  Eastern rosella
    Platycercus icterotis..............  Western (stanley) rosella.
    Platycercus venustus...............  Northern rosella.
    Polytelis alexandrae...............  Princess parrot.
    Polytelis anthopeplus..............  Regent parrot.

[[Page 125]]

 
    Polytelis swainsonii...............  Superb parrot.
    Psephotus chrysopterygius \1\......  Golden-shouldered parakeet.
    Psephotus haematonotus.............  Red-rumped parakeet.
    Psephotus varius...................  Mulga parakeet.
    Psittacula eupatria (blue form)....  Alexandrine parakeet (blue
                                          form).
    Psittacula eupatria (lutino form)..  Alexandrine parakeet (lutino
                                          form).
    Psittacula krameri manillensis.....  Indian ringneck parakeet.
    Purpureicephalus spurius...........  Red-capped parrot.
    Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus......  Scaly-breasted lorikeet.
Order Passeriformes:
    Aegintha temporalis................  Red-browed Finch.
    Aidemosyne modesta.................  Cherry Finch.
    Chloebia gouldiae..................  Gouldian finch.
    Emblema guttata....................  Diamond Sparrow.
    Emblema picta......................  Painted finch.
    Lonchura castaneothorax............  Chestnut-breasted finch.
    Lonchura domestica.................  Society (=Bengalese) finch.
    Lonchura pectoralis................  Pictorella finch.
    Neochmia ruficauda.................  Star finch.
    Poephila acuticauda................  Long-tailed grassfinch.
    Poephila bichenovii................  Double-barred finch.
    Poephila cincta....................  Parson finch.
    Poephila guttata...................  Zebra finch.
    Poephila personata.................  Masked finch.
    Serinus canaria....................  Common Canary.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Note: Permits are still required for this species under part 17 of
  this chapter.

    (b) Non-captive-bred species. The list in this paragraph includes 
species of non-captive-bred exotic birds and countries for which 
importation into the United States is not prohibited by section 15.11. 
The species are grouped taxonomically by order, and may only be imported 
from the approved country, except as provided under a permit issued 
pursuant to subpart C of this part.

[59 FR 62262, Dec. 2, 1994, as amended at 61 FR 2093, Jan. 24, 1996; 82 
FR 16540, Apr. 5, 2017]



   Subpart E_Qualifying Facilities Breeding Exotic Birds in Captivity



Sec.  15.41  Criteria for including facilities as qualifying for imports.
[Reserved]



Sec.  15.42  List of foreign qualifying breeding facilities. [Reserved]



Subpart F_List of Prohibited Species Not Listed in the Appendices to the 
                               Convention



Sec.  15.51  Criteria for including species and countries in the prohibited list.
[Reserved]



Sec.  15.52  Species included in the prohibited list. [Reserved]



Sec.  15.53  Countries of export included in the prohibited list. [Reserved]



PART 16_INJURIOUS WILDLIFE--Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
16.1 Purpose of regulations.
16.2 Scope of regulations.
16.3 General restrictions.

         Subpart B_Importation or Shipment of Injurious Wildlife

16.11 Importation of live wild mammals.

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16.12 Importation of live wild birds or their eggs.
16.13 Importation of live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or 
          their eggs.
16.14 Importation of live or dead amphibians or their eggs.
16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their eggs.

                            Subpart C_Permits

16.22 Injurious wildlife permits.

                     Subpart D_Additional Exemptions

16.32 Importation by Federal agencies.
16.33 Importation of natural-history specimens.

    Authority: 18 U.S.C. 42.

    Source: 39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  16.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part implement the Lacey Act (18 
U.S.C. 42).



Sec.  16.2  Scope of regulations.

    The provisions of this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu 
of, other regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or 
prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, 
exportation, and interstate transportation of wildlife (see also part 
13).



Sec.  16.3  General restrictions.

    Any importation or transportation of live wildlife or eggs thereof, 
or dead fish or eggs or salmonids of the fish family Salmonidae into the 
United States or its territories or possessions is deemed to be 
injurious or potentially injurious to the health and welfare of human 
beings, to the interest of forestry, agriculture, and horticulture, and 
to the welfare and survival of the wildlife or wildlife resources of the 
United States; and any such importation into or the transportation of 
live wildlife or eggs thereof between the continental United States, the 
District of Columbia, Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any 
territory or possession of the United States by any means whatsoever, is 
prohibited except for certain purposes and under certain conditions as 
hereinafter provided in this part: Provided, That the provisions of this 
section shall not apply to psittacine birds (see also Sec. Sec.  16.32 
and 16.33 for other exemptions).



         Subpart B_Importation or Shipment of Injurious Wildlife



Sec.  16.11  Importation of live wild mammals.

    (a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition is prohibited of 
live specimens of: (1) Any species of so-called ``flying fox'' or fruit 
bat of the genus Pteropus; (2) any species of mongoose or meerkat of the 
genera Atilax, Cynictis, Helogale, Herpestes, Ichneumia, Mungos, and 
Suricata; (3) any species of European rabbit of the genus Oryctolagus; 
(4) any species of Indian wild dog, red dog, or dhole of the genus Cuon; 
(5) any species of multimammate rat or mouse of the genus Mastomys; (6) 
any raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides; and (7) any brushtail possum, 
Trichosurus vulpecula: Provided, that the Director shall issue permits 
authorizing the importation, transportation, and possession of such 
mammals under the terms and conditions set forth in Sec.  16.22.
    (b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61, 
all other species of live wild mammals may be imported, transported, and 
possessed in captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, 
educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but no such live wild 
mammals or any progeny thereof may be released into the wild except by 
the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area 
of release or by persons having prior written permission for release 
from such agency: Provided, That the provisions of this paragraph shall 
not apply to live game mammals from Mexico, the importation of which is 
governed by regulations under part 14 of this chapter.

[39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 47 FR 56362, Dec. 16, 1982; 67 
FR 39868, June 11, 2002]



Sec.  16.12  Importation of live wild birds or their eggs.

    (a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition is prohibited of 
any live

[[Page 127]]

specimen or egg of (1) the species of so-called ``pink starling'' or 
``rosy pastor'' Sturnus roseus; (2) the species of dioch (including the 
subspecies black-fronted, red-billed, or Sudan dioch) Quelea quelea; (3) 
any species of Java sparrow, Padda oryzivora; (4) the species of red-
whiskered bul-bul, Pycnonotus jocosus: Provided, That the Director shall 
issue permits authorizing the importation, transportation, and 
possession of such live birds under the terms and conditions set forth 
in Sec.  16.22.
    (b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61, 
all species of live wild game, birds may be imported, transported, and 
possessed in captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, 
educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, and the eggs of such 
birds may be imported, transported, and possessed, without a permit, for 
propagating or scientific collection purposes, but no such live wild 
game birds or any progeny thereof may be released into the wild except 
by the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the 
area of release or by persons having prior written permission for 
release from such agency.
    (c) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61, 
all species of live, wild nongame birds (other than those listed in 
paragraph (a) of this section) may be imported, transported, and 
possessed in captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, 
educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but no such live, wild 
nongame birds or any progeny thereof may be released into the wild 
except by or under the direction of State wildlife conservation agencies 
when such agencies have received prior written permission from the 
Director for such release: Provided, That the provisions of this 
paragraph shall not apply to live bald and golden eagles or to live 
migratory birds, the importation of which is governed by regulations 
under parts 22 and 21 of this chapter, respectively, or to birds of the 
Family Psittacidae (parrots, macaws, cockatoos, parakeets, lories, 
lovebirds, etc.), the importation and transportation of which is 
governed by U.S. Public Health Service regulations under 42 CFR parts 71 
and 72.
    (d) The importation of the eggs of wild nongame birds is prohibited 
except as permitted under Sec.  16.33.



Sec.  16.13  Importation of live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans,
or their eggs.

    (a) Upon an exporter filing a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61 
of this chapter, live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or parts 
thereof, or their gametes or fertilized eggs, may be imported, 
transported, and possessed in captivity without a permit except as 
follows:
    (1) No such live fish, mollusks, crustacean, or any progency or eggs 
thereof may be released into the wild except by the State wildlife 
conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area of release or by 
persons having prior written permission from such agency.
    (2) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any of the 
species listed in this paragraph is prohibited except as provided under 
the terms and conditions set forth in Sec.  16.22:
    (i) Live fish or viable eggs of walking catfish, family Clariidae.
    (ii) Live mitten crabs, genus Eriocheir, or their viable eggs.
    (iii) Live mollusks, veligers, or viable eggs of zebra mussels, 
genus Dreissena.
    (iv) Any live fish or viable eggs of snakehead fishes of the genera 
Channa and Parachanna (or their generic synonyms of Bostrychoides, 
Ophicephalus, Ophiocephalus, and Parophiocephalus) of the Family 
Channidae, including but not limited to:
    (A) Channa amphibeus (Chel or Borna snakehead).
    (B) Channa argus (Northern or Amur snakehead).
    (C) Channa asiatica (Chinese or Northern Green snakehead).
    (D) Channa aurantimaculata.
    (E) Channa bankanensis (Bangka snakehead).
    (F) Channa baramensis (Baram snakehead).
    (G) Channa barca (barca or tiger snakehead).

[[Page 128]]

    (H) Channa bleheri (rainbow or jewel snakehead).
    (I) Channa cyanospilos (bluespotted snakehead).
    (J) Channa gachua (dwarf, gaucha, or frog snakehead).
    (K) Channa harcourtbutleri (Inle snakehead).
    (L) Channa lucius (shiny or splendid snakehead).
    (M) Channa maculata (blotched snakehead).
    (N) Channa marulius (bullseye, murrel, Indian, great, or cobra 
snakehead).
    (O) Channa maruloides (emperor snakehead).
    (P) Channa melanoptera.
    (Q) Channa melasoma (black snakehead).
    (R) Channa micropeltes (giant, red, or redline snakehead).
    (S) Channa nox.
    (T) Channa orientalis (Ceylon or Ceylonese Green snakehead).
    (U) Channa panaw.
    (V) Channa pleurophthalmus (ocellated, spotted, or eyespot 
snakehead).
    (W) Channa punctata (dotted or spotted snakehead).
    (X) Channa stewartii (golden snakehead).
    (Y) Channa striata (chevron or striped snakehead).
    (Z) Parachanna africana (Niger or African snakehead).
    (AA) Parachanna insignis (Congo, square-spotted African or light 
African snakehead).
    (BB) Parachanna obscura (dark African, dusky, or square-spotted 
snakehead).
    (v) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of the following 
species in family Cyprinidae:
    (A) Carassius carassius (crucian carp).
    (B) Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp).
    (C) Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (largescale silver carp).
    (D) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp).
    (E) Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp).
    (F) Mylopharyngodon piceus (black carp).
    (G) Phoxinus phoxinus (Eurasian minnow).
    (H) Pseudorasbora parva (stone moroko).
    (I) Rutilus rutilus (roach).
    (vi) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Lates 
niloticus (Nile perch), family Centropomidae.
    (vii) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Perccottus 
glenii (Amur sleeper), family Odontobutidae.
    (viii) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of the 
following species in family Percidae:
    (A) Perca fluviatilis (European perch).
    (B) Sander lucioperca (zander).
    (ix) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Silurus 
glanis (wels catfish), family Siluridae.
    (x) Any live crustacean, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Cherax 
destructor (common yabby), family Parastacidae.
    (3) Notwithstanding Sec.  16.32, all Federal agencies shall be 
subject to the requirements stated within this section. Live or dead 
uneviscerated salmonid fish (family Salmonidae), live fertilized eggs, 
or gametes of salmonid fish are prohibited entry into the United States 
for any purpose except by direct shipment accompanied by a certification 
that: as defined in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the fish lots, 
from which the shipments originated, have been sampled; virus assays 
have been conducted on the samples according to methods described in 
paragraphs (e)(2) through (4); of this section; and Oncorhynchus masou 
virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious 
hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis have not been 
detected in the fish stocks from which the samples were taken. In 
addition, live salmonid fish can be imported into the United States only 
upon written approval from the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service.
    (4) All live fish eggs of salmonid fish must be disinfected within 
24 hours prior to shipment to the United States. Disinfection shall be 
accomplished by immersion for 15 minutes in a 75 part per million 
(titratable active iodine) non-detergent solution of 
polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (iodophor) buffered to a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. 
Following disinfection, the eggs shall be rinsed and maintained in water 
free of fish pathogens until packed and shipped. Any ice or water used 
for shipping shall be from pathogen-free water.

[[Page 129]]

    (b)(1) The certification to accompany importations as required by 
this section shall consist of a statement in the English language, 
printed or typewritten, stating that this shipment of dead uneviscerated 
salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, or live, disinfected fertilized eggs 
or gametes of salmonid fish has been tested, by the methods outlined in 
this section, and none of the listed viruses were detected. The 
certification shall be signed in the country of origin by a qualified 
fish pathologist designated as a certifying official by the Director.
    (2) The certification must contain:
    (i) The date and port of export in the country of origin and the 
anticipated date of arrival in the United States and port of entry;
    (ii) Surface vessel name or number or air carrier and flight number;
    (iii) Bill of lading number or airway bill number;
    (iv) The date and location where fish, tissue, or fluid samples were 
collected;
    (v) The date and location where virus assays were completed; and
    (vi) The original handwritten signature, in ink, of the certifying 
official and his or her address and telephone number.
    (3) Certification may be substantially in the following form:

    I, ____, designated by the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service on ____ (date), as a certifying official for ____ (country), as 
required by Title 50, CFR 16.13, do hereby certify that the fish lot(s) 
of origin for this shipment of ____ (weight in kilograms) dead 
uneviscerated salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, live salmonid fish eggs 
disinfected as described in Sec.  16.13, or live salmonid gametes to be 
shipped under ____ (bill of lading number or airway bill number), were 
sampled at ____ (location of fish facility) on ____ (sampling date) and 
the required viral assays were completed on ____ (date assays were 
completed) at ____ (location where assays were conducted) using the 
methodology described in Sec.  16.13. I further certify that 
Oncorhynchus masou virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic 
septicemia, infectious hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic 
necrosis have not been detected in viral assays of the fish lot(s) of 
origin.
    The shipment is scheduled to depart ____ (city and country) on ____ 
(date), via ____ (name of carrier) with anticipated arrival at the port 
of ____ (city), U.S.A., on ____ (date).

________________________________________________________________________
(Signature in ink of certifying official)

________________________________________________________________________
(Printed name of certifying official)
Date:___________________________________________________________________
Organization employing certifying official:_____________________________
Mailing address:________________________________________________________
City:___________________________________________________________________
State/Province:_________________________________________________________
Zip Code/Mail Code:_____________________________________________________
Country:________________________________________________________________
Office telephone number: International code_____________________________
Telephone number________________________________________________________
Fax number______________________________________________________________

    (c) Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and 
transportation of dead salmonid fish when such fish have been 
eviscerated (all internal organs removed, gills may remain) or filleted 
or when such fish or eggs have been processed by canning, pickling, 
smoking, or otherwise prepared in a manner whereby the Oncorhynchus 
masou virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia, 
infectious hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis 
have been killed.
    (d) Any fish caught in the wild in North America under a valid sport 
or commercial fishing license shall be exempt from sampling and 
certification requirements and from filing the Declaration for 
Importation of Wildlife. The Director may enter into formal agreements 
allowing the importation of gametes, fertilized eggs, live fish, or 
dead, uneviscerated fish without inspection and certification of 
pathogen status, if the exporting Nation has an acceptable program of 
inspection and pathogen control in operation, can document the 
occurrence and distribution of fish pathogens within its boundaries, and 
can demonstrate that importation of salmonid fishes into the United 
States from that National will not pose a substantial risk to the public 
and private fish stocks of the United States.
    (e) Fish sampling requirements, sample processing, and methods for 
virus assays--(1) Fish sampling requirements. (i) Sampling for virus 
assays required by this section must be conducted within the six (6) 
months prior to the date of shipment of dead uneviscerated salmonid 
fish, live salmonid fish, live salmonid eggs, or salmonid gametes to the 
United States. Sampling shall be on a lot-by-lot basis with the samples 
from each lot distinctively marked, maintained, and processed for virus 
assay separately. A fish lot is defined

[[Page 130]]

as a group of fish of the same species and age that originated from the 
same discrete spawning population and that always have shared a common 
water supply. In the case of adult broodstock, various age groups of the 
same fish species may be sampled as a single lot, provided they meet the 
other conditions previously stated and have shared the same container(s) 
for at least 1 year prior to the sampling date.
    (ii) In a sample, or sub-sample of a given lot, collection of 10 or 
more moribund fish shall be given first preference. The remainder of 
fish required for collection shall be randomly selected live fish from 
all containers occupied by the lot being sampled. Moribund fish shall be 
collected and processed separately from randomly selected fish. In the 
event the sample is taken from adult broodstock of different ages that 
share the same container, first preference shall be given to collecting 
samples from the older fish.
    (iii) The minimum sample numbers collected from each lot must be in 
accordance with a plan that provides 95 percent confidence that at least 
one fish, with a detectable level of infection, will be collected and 
will be present in the sample if the assumed minimum prevalence of 
infection equals or exceeds 2 percent. A total of 150 fish collected 
proportionately from among all containers shared by the lot usually 
meets this requirement. A sampling strategy based on a presumed pathogen 
prevalence of 5 percent (60 fish) may be used to meet sampling 
requirements for shipments of gametes, fertilized eggs, or uneviscerated 
dead fish; provided that in the previous 2 years no disease outbreaks 
caused by a pathogen of concern have occurred at the facility from which 
the shipment originated and all stocks held at the facility have been 
inspected at least four times during that period (at intervals of 
approximately 6 months) and no pathogens of concern detected.
    (iv) Fish must be alive when collected and processed within 48 hours 
after collection. Tissue and fluid samples shall be stored in sealed, 
aseptic containers and kept at 4 [deg]Celsius (C.) or on ice but not 
frozen.
    (v) Tissue collection shall be as follows:
    (A) Sac Fry and fry to 4 centimeter (cm): Assay entire fish. If 
present, remove the yolk sac.
    (B) Fish 4-6 cm: Assay entire visceral mass including kidney.
    (C) Fish longer than 6 cm: Assay kidney and spleen in approximately 
equal weight proportions.
    (D) Spawning adult broodstock: Assay kidney and spleen tissues from 
males and/or females and ovarian fluid from females. Ovarian fluid may 
comprise up to 50 percent of the samples collected.
    (2) General sample processing requirements. (i) Ovarian fluid 
samples shall be collected from each spawning female separately. All 
samples from individual fish shall be measured to ensure that similar 
quantities from each fish are combined if samples are pooled. Ovarian 
fluid samples from no more than five fish may be combined to form a 
pool.
    (ii) Whole fry (less yolk sacs), viscera, and kidney and spleen 
tissues from no more than five fish may be similarly pooled.
    (iii) Antibiotics and antifungal agents may be added to ovarian 
fluid or tissue samples to control microbial contaminant growth at the 
time of sample collection. Final concentrations shall not exceed 200-500 
micrograms/milliliter ([micro]g/ml) of Gentamycin, 800 international 
units/milliliter (IU/ml) of penicillin, or 800 [micro]g/ml of 
streptomycin. Antifungal agent concentrations should not exceed 200 IU/
ml of mycostatin (Nystatin) of 20 [micro]g/ml of amphotericin B 
(Fungizone).
    (iv) Sample temperature must be maintained between 4 at 15 [deg]C. 
during processing. Use separate sets of sterile homogenization and 
processing equipment to process fluids or tissues from each fish lot 
sampled. Processing equipment need not be sterilized between samples 
within a single lot.
    (v) Homogenized tissue samples may be diluted 1:10 with buffered 
cell culture medium (pH 7.4-7.8) containing antibiotics and antifungal 
agents not exceeding the concentrations described in paragraph 
(e)(2)(iii) of this section. Centrifuge tissue suspensions and ovarian 
fluid samples 4 [deg]C. at 2,500 x gravity

[[Page 131]]

(g) (relative centrifugal force) for 15 minutes. Resulting supernatant 
solutions can be stored overnight at 4 [deg]C.
    (vi) At the time of inoculation onto cell cultures, total dilution 
of processed tissue samples must not exceed 1:100 ((volume to volume) 
(v/v)); total dilution of ovarian fluid samples must not exceed 1:20 (v/
v). In samples inoculated onto cell cultures, the final antibiotic 
concentration shall not exceed 100 [micro]g/ml of Gentamicin, 100 IU/ml 
of penicillin, or 100 [micro]g/ml of streptomycin and antifungal agent 
concentrations should not exceed 25 IU/ml of mycostatin (Nystatin) or 
2.5 [micro]g/ml of amphotericin B (Fungizone).
    (3) Cell culture procedures. (i) Both epithelioma papulosum cyprini 
(EPC) and chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cell lines must be maintained 
and used in all virus assays. Susceptible, normal appearing, and rapidly 
dividing cell cultures shall be selected. Penicillin (100 IU/ml), 
streptomycin (100 [micro]g/ml), and antifungal agents, such as 
mycostatin/Nystatin (25 IU/ml) or amphotericin B/Fungizone (2.5 
[micro]g/ml), are permitted in media used for cell culture and virus 
assay work.
    (ii) Cell cultures shall be seeded and grown, at optimum 
temperatures, to 80-90 percent confluence in 24-well plates for virus 
assay work.
    (iii) Decant the medium from the required number of 24-well plates 
of each cell line, and inoculate four replicate wells per cell line with 
.10 ml per well of each processed sample. When all wells have been 
inoculated, tilt plates to spread the inocula evenly. Incubate 
inoculated plates for 1 hour at 15 [deg]C. for sample contact. After the 
1 hour contact add cell culture medium. Medium shall be buffered or 
cells incubated so that a pH between 7.4 and 7.8 is maintained. All cell 
culture assays shall be incubated, without overlays, at 15 [deg]C. for 
21 days.
    (4) Virus identification by serological methods. All cell cultures 
showing cytopathic effects (CPE) must be sub-cultured onto fresh cell 
cultures. If CPE is observed, determine the presence and identity the 
virus by serum neutralization, dot blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent 
assay, or other equivalent serological technique.
    (f) Information concerning the importation requirements of this 
section and application requirements for designation as a certifying 
official for purposes of this section may be obtained by contacting the 
Division of Fish and Aquatic Conservation Programs at the address 
provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b) or by telephone at 703-358-1878.
    (g) The information collection requirements contained in this part 
have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under 44 
U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned clearance number 1018-0078. The 
information is being collected to inform U.S. Customs and USFWS 
inspectors of the contents, origin, routing, and destination of fish and 
eggs shipments and to certify that the fish lots were inspected for 
listed pathogens. The information will be used to protect the health of 
the fishery resource. Response is required to obtain a benefit.

[58 FR 58979, Nov. 5, 1993, as amended at 65 FR 37063, June 13, 2000; 67 
FR 62203, Oct. 4, 2002; 72 FR 37469, July 10, 2007; 72 FR 59035, Oct. 
18, 2007; 76 FR 15858, Mar. 22, 2011; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014; 81 FR 
67899, Sept. 30, 2016]



Sec.  16.14  Importation of live or dead amphibians or their eggs.

    (a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any live or 
dead specimen, including parts, but not eggs or gametes, of the genera 
Chioglossa, Cynops, Euproctus, Hydromantes, Hynobius, Ichthyosaura, 
Lissotriton, Neurergus, Notophthalmus, Onychodactylus, Paramesotriton, 
Plethodon, Pleurodeles, Salamandra, Salamandrella, Salamandrina, Siren, 
Taricha, Triturus, and Tylototriton, including but not limited to, the 
species listed in this paragraph, is prohibited except as provided under 
the terms and conditions set forth at Sec.  16.22 of this part:
    (1) Chioglossa lusitanica (golden striped salamander).
    (2) Cynops chenggongensis (Chenggong fire-bellied newt).
    (3) Cynops cyanurus (blue-tailed fire-bellied newt).
    (4) Cynops ensicauda (sword-tailed newt).
    (5) Cynops fudingensis (Fuding fire-bellied newt).

[[Page 132]]

    (6) Cynops glaucus (bluish grey newt, Huilan Rongyuan).
    (7) Cynops orientalis (Oriental fire belly newt, Oriental fire-
bellied newt).
    (8) Cynops orphicus (no common name).
    (9) Cynops pyrrhogaster (Japanese newt, Japanese fire-bellied newt).
    (10) Cynops wolterstorffi (Kunming Lake newt).
    (11) Euproctus montanus (Corsican brook salamander).
    (12) Euproctus platycephalus (Sardinian brook salamander).
    (13) Hydromantes ambrosii (Ambrosi salamander).
    (14) Hydromantes brunus (limestone salamander).
    (15) Hydromantes flavus (Mount Albo cave salamander).
    (16) Hydromantes genei (Sardinian cave salamander).
    (17) Hydromantes imperialis (imperial cave salamander).
    (18) Hydromantes italicus (Italian cave salamander).
    (19) Hydromantes platycephalus (Mount Lyell salamander).
    (20) Hydromantes sarrabusensis (no common name).
    (21) Hydromantes shastae (Shasta salamander).
    (22) Hydromantes strinatii or Speleomantes strinatii (French cave 
salamander, Strinati's cave salamander).
    (23) Hydromantes supramontis (Supramonte cave salamander).
    (24) Hynobius abei (Abe's salamander).
    (25) Hynobius amakusaensis (Amakusa-sanshouo).
    (26) Hynobius amjiensis (Anji salamander).
    (27) Hynobius arisanensis (Arisan hynobid).
    (28) Hynobius boulengeri (Odaigahara salamander).
    (29) Hynobius chinensis (Chinese salamander).
    (30) Hynobius dunni (Oita salamander).
    (31) Hynobius formosanus (Taiwan salamander).
    (32) Hynobius fucus or Hynobius fuca (Taiwan lesser salamander).
    (33) Hynobius glacialis (Nanhu salamander).
    (34) Hynobius guabangshanensis (no common name).
    (35) Hynobius hidamontanus (Hakuba salamander).
    (36) Hynobius hirosei (no common name).
    (37) Hynobius katoi (Akaishi sansho-uo).
    (38) Hynobius kimurae (Hida salamander).
    (39) Hynobius leechii (northeastern China hynobiid salamander).
    (40) Hynobius lichenatus (northeast salamander).
    (41) Hynobius maoershanensis (no common name).
    (42) Hynobius naevius (blotched salamander).
    (43) Hynobius nebulosus (misty salamander).
    (44) Hynobius nigrescens (black salamander).
    (45) Hynobius okiensis (Oki salamander).
    (46) Hynobius osumiensis (Osumi-sanshouo).
    (47) Hynobius quelpaertensis (no common name).
    (48) Hynobius retardatus (Hokkaido salamander).
    (49) Hynobius shinichisatoi (Sobo-sanshouo).
    (50) Hynobius sonani (Sonan's hynobiid).
    (51) Hynobius stejnegeri (Bekko Sansho-uo).
    (52) Hynobius takedai (Hokuriku Sansho-uo).
    (53) Hynobius tokyoensis (Tokyo salamander).
    (54) Hynobius tsuensis (Tsushima Sansho-uo).
    (55) Hynobius turkestanicus (Turkestanian salamander).
    (56) Hynobius yangi (no common name).
    (57) Hynobius yatsui (no common name).
    (58) Hynobius yiwuensis (Yiwu hynobiid).
    (59) Ichthyosaura alpestris (alpine newt).
    (60) Lissotriton boscai (Bosca's newt).
    (61) Lissotriton helveticus (palmate newt).
    (62) Lissotriton italicus (Italian newt).
    (63) Lissotriton kosswigi (Triton pontue de Kosswig).
    (64) Lissotriton lantzi (no common name).

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    (65) Lissotriton montandoni (Carpathian newt).
    (66) Lissotriton vulgaris (smooth newt).
    (67) Neurergus crocatus (no common name).
    (68) Neurergus derjugini or Neurergus microspilotus (Kurdistan 
newt).
    (69) Neurergus kaiseri (Lorestan newt, Luristan newt, emperor 
spotted newt, Zagros newt, Iranian harlequin newt, kaiser newt).
    (70) Neurergus strauchii (no common name).
    (71) Notophthalmus meridionalis (black-spotted newt).
    (72) Notophthalmus perstriatus (striped newt).
    (73) Notophthalmus viridescens (eastern newt).
    (74) Onychodactylus fischeri (long-tailed clawed salamander).
    (75) Onychodactylus fuscus (Tadami clawed salamander).
    (76) Onychodactylus intermedius (Bandai clawed salamander).
    (77) Onychodactylus japonicus (Japanese clawed salamander).
    (78) Onychodactylus kinneburi (Shikoku clawed salamander).
    (79) Onychodactylus koreanus (Korai-Sansyouo).
    (80) Onychodactylus nipponoborealis (Riben Bei Zhaoni).
    (81) Onychodactylus tsukubaensis (Tsukuba clawed salamander).
    (82) Onychodactylus zhangyapingi (Jilin Zhaoni).
    (83) Onychodactylus zhaoermii (Liaoning).
    (84) Paramesotriton caudopunctatus (spot-tailed warty newt).
    (85) Paramesotriton chinensis (Chinese warty newt).
    (86) Paramesotriton deloustali (no common name).
    (87) Paramesotriton fuzhongensis (no common name).
    (88) Paramesotriton guanxiensis (Guangxi warty newt).
    (89) Paramesotriton hongkongensis (no common name).
    (90) Paramesotriton labiatus (spotless stout newt).
    (91) Paramesotriton longliensis (no common name).
    (92) Paramesotriton maolanensis (no common name).
    (93) Paramesotriton qixilingensis (no common name).
    (94) Paramesotriton wulingensis (no common name).
    (95) Paramesotriton yunwuensis (no common name).
    (96) Paramesotriton zhijinensis (no common name).
    (97) Plethodon ainsworthi (Catahoula salamander, bay springs 
salamander).
    (98) Plethodon albagula (western slimy salamander).
    (99) Plethodon amplus (Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander).
    (100) Plethodon angusticlavius (Ozark salamander, Ozark zigzag 
salamander).
    (101) Plethodon asupak (Scott Bar salamander).
    (102) Plethodon aureolus (Tellico salamander).
    (103) Plethodon caddoensis (Caddo Mountain salamander).
    (104) Plethodon chattahoochee (Chattahoochee slimy salamander).
    (105) Plethodon cheoah (Cheoah bald salamander).
    (106) Plethodon chlorobryonis (Atlantic Coast slimy salamander).
    (107) Plethodon cinereus (eastern red-backed salamander, redback 
salamander, salamandre ray[eacute]e, red-backed salamander).
    (108) Plethodon cylindraceus (white-spotted slimy salamander).
    (109) Plethodon dorsalis (zigzag salamander, northern zigzag 
salamander).
    (110) Plethodon dunni (Dunn's salamander).
    (111) Plethodon electromorphus (northern ravine salamander).
    (112) Plethodon elongatus (Del Norte salamander).
    (113) Plethodon fourchensis (Fourche Mountain salamander).
    (114) Plethodon glutinosus (slimy salamander, northern slimy 
salamander).
    (115) Plethodon grobmani (southeastern slimy salamander).
    (116) Plethodon hoffmani (valley and ridge salamander).
    (117) Plethodon hubrichti (Peaks of Otter salamander).
    (118) Plethodon idahoensis (Coeur d'Alene salamander).
    (119) Plethodon jordani (Appalachian salamander, red-cheeked 
salamander, Jordan's salamander).
    (120) Plethodon kentucki (Kentucky salamander, Cumberland Plateau 
salamander).

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    (121) Plethodon kiamichi (Kiamichi slimy salamander).
    (122) Plethodon kisatchie (Louisiana slimy salamander).
    (123) Plethodon larselli (Larch Mountain salamander).
    (124) Plethodon meridianus (South Mountain gray-cheeked salamander, 
southern gray-cheeked salamander).
    (125) Plethodon metcalfi (southern gray-cheeked salamander).
    (126) Plethodon mississippi (Mississippi slimy salamander).
    (127) Plethodon montanus (northern gray-cheeked salamander).
    (128) Plethodon neomexicanus (Jemez Mountains salamander).
    (129) Plethodon nettingi (Cheat Mountain salamander).
    (130) Plethodon ocmulgee (Ocmulgee slimy salamander).
    (131) Plethodon ouachitae (Rich Mountain salamander).
    (132) Plethodon petraeus (Pigeon Mountain salamander).
    (133) Plethodon punctatus (white-spotted salamander, cow knob 
salamander).
    (134) Plethodon richmondi (southern ravine salamander, ravine 
salamander).
    (135) Plethodon savannah (Savannah slimy salamander).
    (136) Plethodon sequoyah (Sequoyah slimy salamander).
    (137) Plethodon serratus (southern red-backed salamander).
    (138) Plethodon shenandoah (Shenandoah salamander).
    (139) Plethodon sherando (Big Levels salamander).
    (140) Plethodon shermani (red-legged salamander).
    (141) Plethodon stormi (Siskiyou Mountains salamander).
    (142) Plethodon teyahalee (Southern Appalachian salamander).
    (143) Plethodon vandykei (Van Dyke's salamander).
    (144) Plethodon variolatus (South Carolina slimy salamander).
    (145) Plethodon vehiculum (western red-backed salamander).
    (146) Plethodon ventralis (southern zigzag salamander).
    (147) Plethodon virginia (Shenandoah Mountain salamander).
    (148) Plethodon websteri (Webster's salamander).
    (149) Plethodon wehrlei (Wehrle's salamander).
    (150) Plethodon welleri (Weller's salamander).
    (151) Plethodon yonahlossee (Yonahlossee salamander).
    (152) Pleurodeles nebulosus (no common name).
    (153) Pleurodeles poireti (Algerian newt).
    (154) Pleurodeles waltl (Spanish newt).
    (155) Salamandra algira (Algerian salamander).
    (156) Salamandra atra (alpine salamander).
    (157) Salamandra corsica (Corsican fire salamander).
    (158) Salamandra infraimmaculata (no common name).
    (159) Salamandra lanzai (Lanza's alpine salamander, Salamandra di 
Lanza).
    (160) Salamandra salamandra (fire salamander).
    (161) Salamandrella keyserlingii (Siberian newt).
    (162) Salamandrella tridactyla (no common name).
    (163) Salamandrina perspicillata (northern spectacled salamander).
    (164) Salamandrina terdigitata (southern spectacled salamander).
    (165) Siren intermedia (lesser siren).
    (166) Siren lacertina (greater siren).
    (167) Taricha granulosa (rough-skinned newt).
    (168) Taricha rivularis (red-bellied newt).
    (169) Taricha sierrae (Sierra newt).
    (170) Taricha torosa (California newt).
    (171) Triturus carnifex (Italian crested newt).
    (172) Triturus cristatus (great crested newt).
    (173) Triturus dobrogicus (Danube crested newt).
    (174) Triturus hongkongensis (no common name)
    (175) Triturus ivanbureschi (Balkan-Anatolian crested newt, 
Buresch's crested newt).
    (176) Triturus karelinii (Southern crested newt).
    (177) Triturus macedonicus (no common name).
    (178) Triturus marmoratus (marbled newt).
    (179) Triturus pygmaeus (pygmy marbled newt).
    (180) Triturus vittatus (no common name).

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    (181) Tylototriton anguliceps (angular-headed newt).
    (182) Tylototriton asperrimus (black knobby newt).
    (183) Tylototriton broadoridgus (no common name).
    (184) Tylototriton dabienicus (no common name).
    (185) Tylototriton daweishanensis (no common name).
    (186) Tylototriton hainanensis (Hainan knobby newt).
    (187) Tylototriton kweichowensis (red-tailed knobby newt).
    (188) Tylototriton liuyangensis (no common name).
    (189) Tylototriton lizhenchangi (Mangshan crocodile newt).
    (190) Tylototriton notialis (no common name).
    (191) Tylototriton panhai (no common name).
    (192) Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus (southern Sichuan crocodile 
newt).
    (193) Tylototriton shanjing (Yunnan newt).
    (194) Tylototriton shanorum (no common name).
    (195) Tylototriton taliangensis (Thailand newt).
    (196) Tylototriton uyenoi (no common name).
    (197) Tylototriton verrucosus (Himalayan newt).
    (198) Tylototriton vietnamensis (no common name).
    (199) Tylototriton wenxianensis (Wenxian knobby newt).
    (200) Tylototriton yangi (Tiannan crocodile newt).
    (201) Tylototriton ziegleri (Ziegler's crocodile newt).
    (b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61 
of this chapter, all other species of amphibians may be imported, 
transported, and possessed in captivity, without a permit, for 
scientific, medical, education, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but 
no such amphibians or any progeny or eggs thereof may be released into 
the wild except by the State wildlife conservation agency having 
jurisdiction over the area of release or by persons having prior written 
permission for release from such agency.

[81 FR 1554, Jan. 13, 2016]



Sec.  16.15  Importation of live reptiles or their eggs.

    (a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any live 
specimen, gamete, viable egg, or hybrid of the species listed in this 
paragraph is prohibited except as provided under the terms and 
conditions set forth at Sec.  16.22:
    (1) Boiga irregularis (brown tree snake).
    (2) Python molurus (including P. molurus molurus (Indian python) and 
P. molurus bivittatus (Burmese python)).
    (3) Python reticulatus, Broghammerus reticulatus, or Malayopython 
reticulatus (reticulated python).
    (4) Python sebae (Northern African python or African rock python).
    (5) Python natalensis (Southern African python or African rock 
python).
    (6) Eunectes notaeus (yellow anaconda).
    (7) Eunectes deschauenseei (DeSchauensee's anaconda).
    (8) Eunectes murinus (green anaconda).
    (9) Eunectes beniensis (Beni anaconda).
    (b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61, 
all other species of live reptiles or their eggs may be imported, 
transported, and possessed in captivity, without a permit, for 
scientific, medical, educational, exhibitional or propagating purposes, 
but no such live reptiles or any progency or eggs thereof may be 
released into the wild except by the State wildlife conservation agency 
having jurisdiction over the area of release or by persons having prior 
written permission for release from such agency.

[55 FR 17441, Apr. 25, 1990, as amended at 77 FR 3366, Jan. 23, 2012; 80 
FR 12745, Mar. 10, 2015]



                            Subpart C_Permits



Sec.  16.22  Injurious wildlife permits.

    The Director may, upon receipt of an application and in accordance 
with the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing 
the importation into or shipment between the continental United States, 
the District of Columbia, Hawaii, the Commonwealth

[[Page 136]]

of Puerto Rico, or any possession of the United States of injurious 
wildlife (See subpart B of this part) for zoological, educational, 
medical, or scientific purposes.
    (a) Application requirements. Submit applications for permits to 
import, transport, or acquire injurious wildlife for such purposes to 
the attention of the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, at the 
address listed for the Division of Management Authority at 50 CFR 
2.1(b). Submit applications in writing on a Federal Fish and Wildlife 
License/Permit application (Form 3-200) and attach all of the following 
information:
    (1) The number of specimens and the common and scientific names 
(genus and species) of each species of live wildlife proposed to be 
imported or otherwise acquired, transported and possessed;
    (2) The purpose of such importation or other acquisition, 
transportation and possession;
    (3) The address of the premises where such live wildlife will be 
kept in captivity;
    (4) A statement of the applicant's qualifications and previous 
experience in caring for and handling captive wildlife.
    (b) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general 
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to import 
or ship injurious wildlife for zoological, educational, medical, or 
scientific purposes shall be subject to the following conditions:
    (1) All live wildlife acquired under permit and all progeny thereof, 
must be confined in the approved facilities on the premises authorized 
in the permit.
    (2) No live wildlife, acquired under permit, or any eggs or progeny 
thereof, may be sold, donated, traded, loaned, or transferred to any 
other person unless such person has a permit issued by the Director 
under Sec.  16.22 authorizing him to acquire and possess such wildlife 
or the eggs or progeny thereof.
    (3) Permittees shall notify the nearest Special Agent-in-Charge (see 
Sec.  10.22 of this chapter) by telephone or other expedient means 
within 24 hours following the escape of any wildlife imported or 
transported under authority of a permit issued under this section, or 
the escape of any progeny of such wildlife, unless otherwise 
specifically exempted by terms of the permit.
    (c) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in 
determining whether to issue a permit to import or ship injurious 
wildlife for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes:
    (1) Whether the wildlife is being imported or otherwise acquired for 
a bona fide scientific, medical, educational, or zoological exhibition 
purpose;
    (2) Whether the facilities for holding the wildlife in captivity 
have been inspected and approved, and consist of a basic cage or 
structure of a design and material adequate to prevent escape which is 
maintained inside a building or other facility of such structure that 
the wildlife could not escape from the building or other facility after 
escaping from the cage or structure maintained therein;
    (3) Whether the applicant is a responsible person who is aware of 
the potential dangers to public interests posed by such wildlife, and 
who by reason of his knowledge, experience, and facilities reasonably 
can be expected to provide adequate protection for such public 
interests; and
    (4) If such wildlife is to be imported or otherwise acquired for 
zoological or aquarium exhibition purposes, whether such exhibition or 
display will be open to the public during regular appropriate hours.
    (d) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information 
collection requirements contained in this part 16 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 
and assigned OMB Control Number 1018-0093. The Service may not conduct 
or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of 
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We 
are collecting this information to provide information necessary to 
evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review 
permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria 
established in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and 
regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of 
permits. You must respond to obtain or retain a permit. We

[[Page 137]]

estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting requirements to 
average 2 hours per response, including time for reviewing instructions, 
gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the forms. 
Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of 
these reporting requirements to the Service's Information Collection 
Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).

[39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 47 FR 30786, July 15, 1982; 63 
FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



                     Subpart D_Additional Exemptions



Sec.  16.32  Importation by Federal agencies.

    Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and 
transportation, without a permit, of any live wildlife by Federal 
agencies solely for their own use, upon the filing of a written 
declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry 
as required under Sec.  14.61: Provided, That the provisions of this 
section shall not apply to bald and golden eagles or their eggs, or to 
migratory birds or their eggs, the importations of which are governed by 
regulations under parts 22 and 21 of this chapter, respectively.



Sec.  16.33  Importation of natural-history specimens.

    Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and 
transportation, without a permit, of dead natural-history specimens of 
wildlife or their eggs for museum or scientific collection purposes: 
Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to dead 
migratory birds, the importation of which is governed by regulations 
under parts 20 and 21 of this chapter; to dead game mammals from Mexico, 
the importation of which is governed by regulations under part 14 of 
this chapter; or to dead bald and golden eagles or their eggs, the 
importation of which is governed by regulations under part 22 of this 
chapter.

[[Page 139]]



                              FINDING AIDS




  --------------------------------------------------------------------

  A list of CFR titles, subtitles, chapters, subchapters and parts and 
an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are included in 
the CFR Index and Finding Aids volume to the Code of Federal Regulations 
which is published separately and revised annually.

  Table of CFR Titles and Chapters
  Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR
  List of CFR Sections Affected

[[Page 141]]



                    Table of CFR Titles and Chapters




                     (Revised as of October 1, 2023)

                      Title 1--General Provisions

         I  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register 
                (Parts 1--49)
        II  Office of the Federal Register (Parts 50--299)
       III  Administrative Conference of the United States (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  Miscellaneous Agencies (Parts 400--599)
        VI  National Capital Planning Commission (Parts 600--699)

                    Title 2--Grants and Agreements

            Subtitle A--Office of Management and Budget Guidance 
                for Grants and Agreements
         I  Office of Management and Budget Governmentwide 
                Guidance for Grants and Agreements (Parts 2--199)
        II  Office of Management and Budget Guidance (Parts 200--
                299)
            Subtitle B--Federal Agency Regulations for Grants and 
                Agreements
       III  Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 300--
                399)
        IV  Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
        VI  Department of State (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Agency for International Development (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
         X  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  Department of Defense (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
     XVIII  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1800--1899)
        XX  United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 
                2000--2099)
      XXII  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                2200--2299)
     XXIII  Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
      XXIV  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                2400--2499)
       XXV  National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
      XXVI  National Archives and Records Administration (Parts 
                2600--2699)

[[Page 142]]

     XXVII  Small Business Administration (Parts 2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)
      XXIX  Department of Labor (Parts 2900--2999)
       XXX  Department of Homeland Security (Parts 3000--3099)
      XXXI  Institute of Museum and Library Services (Parts 3100--
                3199)
     XXXII  National Endowment for the Arts (Parts 3200--3299)
    XXXIII  National Endowment for the Humanities (Parts 3300--
                3399)
     XXXIV  Department of Education (Parts 3400--3499)
      XXXV  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 3500--
                3599)
     XXXVI  Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive 
                Office of the President (Parts 3600--3699)
    XXXVII  Peace Corps (Parts 3700--3799)
     LVIII  Election Assistance Commission (Parts 5800--5899)
       LIX  Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council (Parts 5900--
                5999)
        LX  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 6000--6099)

                        Title 3--The President

         I  Executive Office of the President (Parts 100--199)

                           Title 4--Accounts

         I  Government Accountability Office (Parts 1--199)

                   Title 5--Administrative Personnel

         I  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1--1199)
        II  Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  Office of Management and Budget (Parts 1300--1399)
        IV  Office of Personnel Management and Office of the 
                Director of National Intelligence (Parts 1400--
                1499)
         V  The International Organizations Employees Loyalty 
                Board (Parts 1500--1599)
        VI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      VIII  Office of Special Counsel (Parts 1800--1899)
        IX  Appalachian Regional Commission (Parts 1900--1999)
        XI  Armed Forces Retirement Home (Parts 2100--2199)
       XIV  Federal Labor Relations Authority, General Counsel of 
                the Federal Labor Relations Authority and Federal 
                Service Impasses Panel (Parts 2400--2499)
       XVI  Office of Government Ethics (Parts 2600--2699)
       XXI  Department of the Treasury (Parts 3100--3199)
      XXII  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 3200--
                3299)
     XXIII  Department of Energy (Parts 3300--3399)
      XXIV  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Parts 3400--
                3499)
       XXV  Department of the Interior (Parts 3500--3599)

[[Page 143]]

      XXVI  Department of Defense (Parts 3600--3699)
    XXVIII  Department of Justice (Parts 3800--3899)
      XXIX  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 3900--3999)
       XXX  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4099)
      XXXI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 4100--4199)
    XXXIII  U.S. International Development Finance Corporation 
                (Parts 4300--4399)
     XXXIV  Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 4400--4499)
      XXXV  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 4500--4599)
     XXXVI  Department of Homeland Security (Parts 4600--4699)
    XXXVII  Federal Election Commission (Parts 4700--4799)
        XL  Interstate Commerce Commission (Parts 5000--5099)
       XLI  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 5100--
                5199)
      XLII  Department of Labor (Parts 5200--5299)
     XLIII  National Science Foundation (Parts 5300--5399)
       XLV  Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 5500--
                5599)
      XLVI  Postal Rate Commission (Parts 5600--5699)
     XLVII  Federal Trade Commission (Parts 5700--5799)
    XLVIII  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 5800--5899)
      XLIX  Federal Labor Relations Authority (Parts 5900--5999)
         L  Department of Transportation (Parts 6000--6099)
       LII  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 6200--
                6299)
      LIII  Department of Education (Parts 6300--6399)
       LIV  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 6400--6499)
        LV  National Endowment for the Arts (Parts 6500--6599)
       LVI  National Endowment for the Humanities (Parts 6600--
                6699)
      LVII  General Services Administration (Parts 6700--6799)
     LVIII  Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 
                (Parts 6800--6899)
       LIX  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                6900--6999)
        LX  United States Postal Service (Parts 7000--7099)
       LXI  National Labor Relations Board (Parts 7100--7199)
      LXII  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 7200--
                7299)
     LXIII  Inter-American Foundation (Parts 7300--7399)
      LXIV  Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 7400--7499)
       LXV  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                7500--7599)
      LXVI  National Archives and Records Administration (Parts 
                7600--7699)
     LXVII  Institute of Museum and Library Services (Parts 7700--
                7799)
    LXVIII  Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 7800--7899)
      LXIX  Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 7900--7999)
       LXX  Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the 
                District of Columbia (Parts 8000--8099)
      LXXI  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 8100--8199)

[[Page 144]]

    LXXIII  Department of Agriculture (Parts 8300--8399)
     LXXIV  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 8400--8499)
     LXXVI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts 
                8600--8699)
    LXXVII  Office of Management and Budget (Parts 8700--8799)
      LXXX  Federal Housing Finance Agency (Parts 9000--9099)
   LXXXIII  Special Inspector General for Afghanistan 
                Reconstruction (Parts 9300--9399)
    LXXXIV  Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Parts 9400--
                9499)
    LXXXVI  National Credit Union Administration (Parts 9600--
                9699)
     XCVII  Department of Homeland Security Human Resources 
                Management System (Department of Homeland 
                Security--Office of Personnel Management) (Parts 
                9700--9799)
    XCVIII  Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and 
                Efficiency (Parts 9800--9899)
      XCIX  Military Compensation and Retirement Modernization 
                Commission (Parts 9900--9999)
         C  National Council on Disability (Parts 10000--10049)
        CI  National Mediation Board (Parts 10100--10199)
       CII  U.S. Office of Special Counsel (Parts 10200--10299)
       CIV  Office of the Intellectual Property Enforcement 
                Coordinator (Part 10400--10499)

                      Title 6--Domestic Security

         I  Department of Homeland Security, Office of the 
                Secretary (Parts 1--199)
         X  Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (Parts 
                1000--1099)

                         Title 7--Agriculture

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Agriculture 
                (Parts 0--26)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Department of 
                Agriculture
         I  Agricultural Marketing Service (Standards, 
                Inspections, Marketing Practices), Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 27--209)
        II  Food and Nutrition Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 210--299)
       III  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         V  Agricultural Research Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Natural Resources Conservation Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Farm Service Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                700--799)

[[Page 145]]

      VIII  Agricultural Marketing Service (Federal Grain 
                Inspection Service, Fair Trade Practices Program), 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 900--999)
         X  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Milk), Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1000--1199)
        XI  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Miscellaneous Commodities), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1200--1299)
       XIV  Commodity Credit Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  Foreign Agricultural Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  [Reserved]
      XVII  Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1700--1799)
     XVIII  Rural Housing Service, Rural Business-Cooperative 
                Service, Rural Utilities Service, and Farm Service 
                Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 1800--
                2099)
        XX  [Reserved]
       XXV  Office of Advocacy and Outreach, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 2500--2599)
      XXVI  Office of Inspector General, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 2600--2699)
     XXVII  Office of Information Resources Management, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Office of Operations, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                2800--2899)
      XXIX  Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 2900--2999)
       XXX  Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3000--3099)
      XXXI  Office of Environmental Quality, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3100--3199)
     XXXII  Office of Procurement and Property Management, 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 3200--3299)
    XXXIII  Office of Transportation, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3300--3399)
     XXXIV  National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Parts 
                3400--3499)
      XXXV  Rural Housing Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3500--3599)
     XXXVI  National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 3600--3699)
    XXXVII  Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3700--3799)
   XXXVIII  World Agricultural Outlook Board, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3800--3899)
       XLI  [Reserved]

[[Page 146]]

      XLII  Rural Business-Cooperative Service and Rural Utilities 
                Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 4200--
                4299)
         L  Rural Business-Cooperative Service, and Rural 
                Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 5000--5099)

                    Title 8--Aliens and Nationality

         I  Department of Homeland Security (Parts 1--499)
         V  Executive Office for Immigration Review, Department of 
                Justice (Parts 1000--1399)

                 Title 9--Animals and Animal Products

         I  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1--199)
        II  Agricultural Marketing Service (Fair Trade Practices 
                Program), Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--
                299)
       III  Food Safety and Inspection Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 300--599)

                           Title 10--Energy

         I  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 0--199)
        II  Department of Energy (Parts 200--699)
       III  Department of Energy (Parts 700--999)
         X  Department of Energy (General Provisions) (Parts 
                1000--1099)
      XIII  Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (Parts 1300--
                1399)
      XVII  Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Parts 1700--
                1799)
     XVIII  Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste 
                Commission (Parts 1800--1899)

                      Title 11--Federal Elections

         I  Federal Election Commission (Parts 1--9099)
        II  Election Assistance Commission (Parts 9400--9499)

                      Title 12--Banks and Banking

         I  Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 1--199)
        II  Federal Reserve System (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 400--
                499)
         V  [Reserved]
        VI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Credit Union Administration (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Federal Financing Bank (Parts 800--899)
        IX  (Parts 900--999) [Reserved]

[[Page 147]]

         X  Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Parts 1000--
                1099)
        XI  Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  Federal Housing Finance Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Financial Stability Oversight Council (Parts 1300--
                1399)
       XIV  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 1400--
                1499)
        XV  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Office of Financial Research, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 1600--1699)
      XVII  Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                1700--1799)
     XVIII  Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, 
                Department of the Treasury (Parts 1800--1899)

               Title 13--Business Credit and Assistance

         I  Small Business Administration (Parts 1--199)
       III  Economic Development Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board (Parts 400--499)
         V  Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board (Parts 
                500--599)

                    Title 14--Aeronautics and Space

         I  Federal Aviation Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--199)
        II  Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation 
                (Aviation Proceedings) (Parts 200--399)
       III  Commercial Space Transportation, Federal Aviation 
                Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 400--1199)
         V  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)
        VI  Air Transportation System Stabilization (Parts 1300--
                1399)

                 Title 15--Commerce and Foreign Trade

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Commerce (Parts 
                0--29)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Commerce and 
                Foreign Trade
         I  Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                30--199)
        II  National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Foreign-Trade Zones Board, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 400--499)
       VII  Bureau of Industry and Security, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 700--799)

[[Page 148]]

      VIII  Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 800--899)
        IX  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 900--999)
        XI  National Technical Information Service, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 1100--1199)
      XIII  East-West Foreign Trade Board (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Minority Business Development Agency (Parts 1400--
                1499)
        XV  Office of the Under-Secretary for Economic Affairs, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 1500--1599)
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade 
                Agreements
        XX  Office of the United States Trade Representative 
                (Parts 2000--2099)
            Subtitle D--Regulations Relating to Telecommunications 
                and Information
     XXIII  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                2300--2399) [Reserved]

                    Title 16--Commercial Practices

         I  Federal Trade Commission (Parts 0--999)
        II  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 1000--1799)

             Title 17--Commodity and Securities Exchanges

         I  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 1--199)
        II  Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 200--399)
        IV  Department of the Treasury (Parts 400--499)

          Title 18--Conservation of Power and Water Resources

         I  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of 
                Energy (Parts 1--399)
       III  Delaware River Basin Commission (Parts 400--499)
        VI  Water Resources Council (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Susquehanna River Basin Commission (Parts 800--899)
      XIII  Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 1300--1399)

                       Title 19--Customs Duties

         I  U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of 
                Homeland Security; Department of the Treasury 
                (Parts 0--199)
        II  United States International Trade Commission (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Department 
                of Homeland Security (Parts 400--599) [Reserved]

[[Page 149]]

                     Title 20--Employees' Benefits

         I  Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Railroad Retirement Board (Parts 200--399)
       III  Social Security Administration (Parts 400--499)
        IV  Employees' Compensation Appeals Board, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 500--599)
         V  Employment and Training Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 600--699)
        VI  Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 700--799)
       VII  Benefits Review Board, Department of Labor (Parts 
                800--899)
      VIII  Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries (Parts 
                900--999)
        IX  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans' 
                Employment and Training Service, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 1000--1099)

                       Title 21--Food and Drugs

         I  Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1--1299)
        II  Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 1300--1399)
       III  Office of National Drug Control Policy (Parts 1400--
                1499)

                      Title 22--Foreign Relations

         I  Department of State (Parts 1--199)
        II  Agency for International Development (Parts 200--299)
       III  Peace Corps (Parts 300--399)
        IV  International Joint Commission, United States and 
                Canada (Parts 400--499)
         V  United States Agency for Global Media (Parts 500--599)
       VII  U.S. International Development Finance Corporation 
                (Parts 700--799)
        IX  Foreign Service Grievance Board (Parts 900--999)
         X  Inter-American Foundation (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  International Boundary and Water Commission, United 
                States and Mexico, United States Section (Parts 
                1100--1199)
       XII  United States International Development Cooperation 
                Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Millennium Challenge Corporation (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Foreign Service Labor Relations Board; Federal Labor 
                Relations Authority; General Counsel of the 
                Federal Labor Relations Authority; and the Foreign 
                Service Impasse Disputes Panel (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  African Development Foundation (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Japan-United States Friendship Commission (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      XVII  United States Institute of Peace (Parts 1700--1799)

[[Page 150]]

                          Title 23--Highways

         I  Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--999)
        II  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and 
                Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 1300--1399)

                Title 24--Housing and Urban Development

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Housing and Urban Development (Parts 0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban 
                Development
         I  Office of Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                100--199)
        II  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 200--299)
       III  Government National Mortgage Association, Department 
                of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Housing and Office of Multifamily Housing 
                Assistance Restructuring, Department of Housing 
                and Urban Development (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 600--699) [Reserved]
       VII  Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Housing Assistance Programs and 
                Public and Indian Housing Programs) (Parts 700--
                799)
      VIII  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Section 8 Housing Assistance 
                Programs, Section 202 Direct Loan Program, Section 
                202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly Program and 
                Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons With 
                Disabilities Program) (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian 
                Housing, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 900--1699)
         X  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Interstate Land Sales 
                Registration Program) (Parts 1700--1799) 
                [Reserved]
       XII  Office of Inspector General, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 2000--2099)
        XV  Emergency Mortgage Insurance and Loan Programs, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                2700--2799) [Reserved]

[[Page 151]]

        XX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 3200--3899)
      XXIV  Board of Directors of the HOPE for Homeowners Program 
                (Parts 4000--4099) [Reserved]
       XXV  Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (Parts 4100--
                4199)

                           Title 25--Indians

         I  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--299)
        II  Indian Arts and Crafts Board, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 300--399)
       III  National Indian Gaming Commission, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 500--599)
        IV  Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation (Parts 
                700--899)
         V  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, 
                and Indian Health Service, Department of Health 
                and Human Services (Part 900--999)
        VI  Office of the Assistant Secretary, Indian Affairs, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 1000--1199)
       VII  Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 1200--1299)

                      Title 26--Internal Revenue

         I  Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury 
                (Parts 1--End)

           Title 27--Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms

         I  Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department 
                of the Treasury (Parts 1--399)
        II  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 
                Department of Justice (Parts 400--799)

                   Title 28--Judicial Administration

         I  Department of Justice (Parts 0--299)
       III  Federal Prison Industries, Inc., Department of Justice 
                (Parts 300--399)
         V  Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice (Parts 500--
                599)
        VI  Offices of Independent Counsel, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Office of Independent Counsel (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the 
                District of Columbia (Parts 800--899)
        IX  National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact Council 
                (Parts 900--999)

[[Page 152]]

        XI  Department of Justice and Department of State (Parts 
                1100--1199)

                            Title 29--Labor

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Labor (Parts 
                0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Labor
         I  National Labor Relations Board (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Railroad Adjustment Board (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 400--499)
         V  Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor (Parts 
                500--899)
        IX  Construction Industry Collective Bargaining Commission 
                (Parts 900--999)
         X  National Mediation Board (Parts 1200--1299)
       XII  Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (Parts 
                1400--1499)
       XIV  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 1600--
                1699)
      XVII  Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 
                Department of Labor (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2200--2499)
       XXV  Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 2500--2599)
     XXVII  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2700--2799)
        XL  Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4999)

                      Title 30--Mineral Resources

         I  Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 200--299)
        IV  Geological Survey, Department of the Interior (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 500--599)
       VII  Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 700--999)
       XII  Office of Natural Resources Revenue, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 1200--1299)

                 Title 31--Money and Finance: Treasury

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Treasury 
                (Parts 0--50)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Money and Finance

[[Page 153]]

         I  Monetary Offices, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                51--199)
        II  Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                200--399)
        IV  Secret Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of 
                the Treasury (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of Investment Security, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Federal Claims Collection Standards (Department of the 
                Treasury--Department of Justice) (Parts 900--999)
         X  Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, Department of 
                the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)

                      Title 32--National Defense

            Subtitle A--Department of Defense
         I  Office of the Secretary of Defense (Parts 1--399)
         V  Department of the Army (Parts 400--699)
        VI  Department of the Navy (Parts 700--799)
       VII  Department of the Air Force (Parts 800--1099)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to National 
                Defense
       XII  Department of Defense, Defense Logistics Agency (Parts 
                1200--1299)
       XVI  Selective Service System (Parts 1600--1699)
      XVII  Office of the Director of National Intelligence (Parts 
                1700--1799)
     XVIII  National Counterintelligence Center (Parts 1800--1899)
       XIX  Central Intelligence Agency (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Information Security Oversight Office, National 
                Archives and Records Administration (Parts 2000--
                2099)
       XXI  National Security Council (Parts 2100--2199)
      XXIV  Office of Science and Technology Policy (Parts 2400--
                2499)
     XXVII  Office for Micronesian Status Negotiations (Parts 
                2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Office of the Vice President of the United States 
                (Parts 2800--2899)

               Title 33--Navigation and Navigable Waters

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts 
                1--199)
        II  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Department 
                of Defense (Parts 200--399)
        IV  Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development 
                Corporation, Department of Transportation (Parts 
                400--499)

[[Page 154]]

                          Title 34--Education

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Education (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Offices of the 
                Department of Education
         I  Office for Civil Rights, Department of Education 
                (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, 
                Department of Education (Parts 200--299)
       III  Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative 
                Services, Department of Education (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education, 
                Department of Education (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages 
                Affairs, Department of Education (Parts 500--599) 
                [Reserved]
        VI  Office of Postsecondary Education, Department of 
                Education (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 
                Department of Education (Parts 700--799) 
                [Reserved]
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Education
        XI  [Reserved]
       XII  National Council on Disability (Parts 1200--1299)

                          Title 35 [Reserved]

             Title 36--Parks, Forests, and Public Property

         I  National Park Service, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
        II  Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--
                299)
       III  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  American Battle Monuments Commission (Parts 400--499)
         V  Smithsonian Institution (Parts 500--599)
        VI  [Reserved]
       VII  Library of Congress (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (Parts 800--
                899)
        IX  Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation (Parts 
                900--999)
         X  Presidio Trust (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance 
                Board (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  National Archives and Records Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)
        XV  Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust (Parts 1500--
                1599)
       XVI  Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National 
                Environmental Policy Foundation (Parts 1600--1699)

             Title 37--Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights

         I  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Department 
                of Commerce (Parts 1--199)
        II  U.S. Copyright Office, Library of Congress (Parts 
                200--299)

[[Page 155]]

       III  Copyright Royalty Board, Library of Congress (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 400--599)

           Title 38--Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief

         I  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 0--199)
        II  Armed Forces Retirement Home (Parts 200--299)

                       Title 39--Postal Service

         I  United States Postal Service (Parts 1--999)
       III  Postal Regulatory Commission (Parts 3000--3099)

                  Title 40--Protection of Environment

         I  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1--1099)
        IV  Environmental Protection Agency and Department of 
                Justice (Parts 1400--1499)
         V  Council on Environmental Quality (Parts 1500--1599)
        VI  Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (Parts 
                1600--1699)
       VII  Environmental Protection Agency and Department of 
                Defense; Uniform National Discharge Standards for 
                Vessels of the Armed Forces (Parts 1700--1799)
      VIII  Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council (Parts 1800--
                1899)
        IX  Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council (Part 
                1900)

          Title 41--Public Contracts and Property Management

            Subtitle A--Federal Procurement Regulations System 
                [Note]
            Subtitle B--Other Provisions Relating to Public 
                Contracts
        50  Public Contracts, Department of Labor (Parts 50-1--50-
                999)
        51  Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or 
                Severely Disabled (Parts 51-1--51-99)
        60  Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal 
                Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Parts 
                60-1--60-999)
        61  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans' 
                Employment and Training Service, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 61-1--61-999)
   62--100  [Reserved]
            Subtitle C--Federal Property Management Regulations 
                System
       101  Federal Property Management Regulations (Parts 101-1--
                101-99)
       102  Federal Management Regulation (Parts 102-1--102-299)
  103--104  (Parts 103-001--104-099) [Reserved]
       105  General Services Administration (Parts 105-1--105-999)

[[Page 156]]

       109  Department of Energy Property Management Regulations 
                (Parts 109-1--109-99)
       114  Department of the Interior (Parts 114-1--114-99)
       115  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 115-1--115-99)
       128  Department of Justice (Parts 128-1--128-99)
  129--200  [Reserved]
            Subtitle D--Federal Acquisition Supply Chain Security
       201  Federal Acquisition Security Council (Parts 201-1--
                201-99)
            Subtitle E [Reserved]
            Subtitle F--Federal Travel Regulation System
       300  General (Parts 300-1--300-99)
       301  Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances (Parts 301-1--
                301-99)
       302  Relocation Allowances (Parts 302-1--302-99)
       303  Payment of Expenses Connected with the Death of 
                Certain Employees (Part 303-1--303-99)
       304  Payment of Travel Expenses from a Non-Federal Source 
                (Parts 304-1--304-99)

                        Title 42--Public Health

         I  Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 1--199)
   II--III  [Reserved]
        IV  Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Department 
                of Health and Human Services (Parts 400--699)
         V  Office of Inspector General-Health Care, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 1000--1099)

                   Title 43--Public Lands: Interior

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Lands
         I  Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 400--999)
        II  Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1000--9999)
       III  Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation 
                Commission (Parts 10000--10099)

             Title 44--Emergency Management and Assistance

         I  Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of 
                Homeland Security (Parts 0--399)
        IV  Department of Commerce and Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 400--499)

[[Page 157]]

                       Title 45--Public Welfare

            Subtitle A--Department of Health and Human Services 
                (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Welfare
        II  Office of Family Assistance (Assistance Programs), 
                Administration for Children and Families, 
                Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  Office of Child Support Enforcement (Child Support 
                Enforcement Program), Administration for Children 
                and Families, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Refugee Resettlement, Administration for 
                Children and Families, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 400--499)
         V  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United 
                States, Department of Justice (Parts 500--599)
        VI  National Science Foundation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Denali Commission (Parts 900--999)
         X  Office of Community Services, Administration for 
                Children and Families, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                1200--1299)
      XIII  Administration for Children and Families, Department 
                of Health and Human Services (Parts 1300--1399)
       XVI  Legal Services Corporation (Parts 1600--1699)
      XVII  National Commission on Libraries and Information 
                Science (Parts 1700--1799)
     XVIII  Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation (Parts 1800--
                1899)
       XXI  Commission of Fine Arts (Parts 2100--2199)
     XXIII  Arctic Research Commission (Parts 2300--2399)
      XXIV  James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation (Parts 
                2400--2499)
       XXV  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                2500--2599)

                          Title 46--Shipping

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts 
                1--199)
        II  Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 200--399)
       III  Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage), Department of 
                Homeland Security (Parts 400--499)
        IV  Federal Maritime Commission (Parts 500--599)

[[Page 158]]

                      Title 47--Telecommunication

         I  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 0--199)
        II  Office of Science and Technology Policy and National 
                Security Council (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce, and 
                National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 400--499)
         V  The First Responder Network Authority (Parts 500--599)

           Title 48--Federal Acquisition Regulations System

         1  Federal Acquisition Regulation (Parts 1--99)
         2  Defense Acquisition Regulations System, Department of 
                Defense (Parts 200--299)
         3  Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 300--
                399)
         4  Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         5  General Services Administration (Parts 500--599)
         6  Department of State (Parts 600--699)
         7  Agency for International Development (Parts 700--799)
         8  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
         9  Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
        10  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)
        12  Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
        13  Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
        14  Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
        15  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
        16  Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees 
                Health Benefits Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                1600--1699)
        17  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1700--1799)
        18  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1800--1899)
        19  Broadcasting Board of Governors (Parts 1900--1999)
        20  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 2000--2099)
        21  Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees 
                Group Life Insurance Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation (Parts 2100--2199)
        23  Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
        24  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                2400--2499)
        25  National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
        28  Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)
        29  Department of Labor (Parts 2900--2999)
        30  Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Security 
                Acquisition Regulation (HSAR) (Parts 3000--3099)
        34  Department of Education Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                3400--3499)

[[Page 159]]

        51  Department of the Army Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5100--5199) [Reserved]
        52  Department of the Navy Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5200--5299)
        53  Department of the Air Force Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation Supplement (Parts 5300--5399) 
                [Reserved]
        54  Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense (Parts 
                5400--5499)
        57  African Development Foundation (Parts 5700--5799)
        61  Civilian Board of Contract Appeals, General Services 
                Administration (Parts 6100--6199)
        99  Cost Accounting Standards Board, Office of Federal 
                Procurement Policy, Office of Management and 
                Budget (Parts 9900--9999)

                       Title 49--Transportation

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Transportation 
                (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to 
                Transportation
         I  Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
                Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 100--199)
        II  Federal Railroad Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Federal Transit Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) 
                (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  National Transportation Safety Board (Parts 800--999)
         X  Surface Transportation Board (Parts 1000--1399)
        XI  Research and Innovative Technology Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 1400--1499) 
                [Reserved]
       XII  Transportation Security Administration, Department of 
                Homeland Security (Parts 1500--1699)

                   Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries

         I  United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of 
                the Interior (Parts 1--199)
        II  National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Fishing and Related Activities (Parts 
                300--399)

[[Page 160]]

        IV  Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife 
                Service, Department of the Interior and National 
                Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and 
                Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce); Endangered Species Committee 
                Regulations (Parts 400--499)
         V  Marine Mammal Commission (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 600--699)

[[Page 161]]





           Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR




                     (Revised as of October 1, 2023)

                                                  CFR Title, Subtitle or 
                     Agency                               Chapter

Administrative Conference of the United States    1, III
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation         36, VIII
Advocacy and Outreach, Office of                  7, XXV
Afghanistan Reconstruction, Special Inspector     5, LXXXIII
     General for
African Development Foundation                    22, XV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 57
Agency for International Development              2, VII; 22, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
Agricultural Marketing Service                    7, I, VIII, IX, X, XI; 9, 
                                                  II
Agricultural Research Service                     7, V
Agriculture, Department of                        2, IV; 5, LXXIII
  Advocacy and Outreach, Office of                7, XXV
  Agricultural Marketing Service                  7, I, VIII, IX, X, XI; 9, 
                                                  II
  Agricultural Research Service                   7, V
  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service      7, III; 9, I
  Chief Financial Officer, Office of              7, XXX
  Commodity Credit Corporation                    7, XIV
  Economic Research Service                       7, XXXVII
  Energy Policy and New Uses, Office of           2, IX; 7, XXIX
  Environmental Quality, Office of                7, XXXI
  Farm Service Agency                             7, VII, XVIII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 4
  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation              7, IV
  Food and Nutrition Service                      7, II
  Food Safety and Inspection Service              9, III
  Foreign Agricultural Service                    7, XV
  Forest Service                                  36, II
  Information Resources Management, Office of     7, XXVII
  Inspector General, Office of                    7, XXVI
  National Agricultural Library                   7, XLI
  National Agricultural Statistics Service        7, XXXVI
  National Institute of Food and Agriculture      7, XXXIV
  Natural Resources Conservation Service          7, VI
  Operations, Office of                           7, XXVIII
  Procurement and Property Management, Office of  7, XXXII
  Rural Business-Cooperative Service              7, XVIII, XLII
  Rural Development Administration                7, XLII
  Rural Housing Service                           7, XVIII, XXXV
  Rural Utilities Service                         7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
  Secretary of Agriculture, Office of             7, Subtitle A
  Transportation, Office of                       7, XXXIII
  World Agricultural Outlook Board                7, XXXVIII
Air Force, Department of                          32, VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement       48, 53
Air Transportation Stabilization Board            14, VI
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau          27, I
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives,       27, II
     Bureau of
AMTRAK                                            49, VII
American Battle Monuments Commission              36, IV
American Indians, Office of the Special Trustee   25, VII
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service        7, III; 9, I
Appalachian Regional Commission                   5, IX
Architectural and Transportation Barriers         36, XI
   Compliance Board
[[Page 162]]

Arctic Research Commission                        45, XXIII
Armed Forces Retirement Home                      5, XI; 38, II
Army, Department of                               32, V
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 51
Benefits Review Board                             20, VII
Bilingual Education and Minority Languages        34, V
     Affairs, Office of
Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for         41, 51
     Purchase from People Who Are
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 19
Career, Technical, and Adult Education, Office    34, IV
     of
Census Bureau                                     15, I
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services          42, IV
Central Intelligence Agency                       32, XIX
Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board    40, VI
Chief Financial Officer, Office of                7, XXX
Child Support Enforcement, Office of              45, III
Children and Families, Administration for         45, II, III, IV, X, XIII
Civil Rights, Commission on                       5, LXVIII; 45, VII
Civil Rights, Office for                          34, I
Coast Guard                                       33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage)                46, III
Commerce, Department of                           2, XIII; 44, IV; 50, VI
  Census Bureau                                   15, I
  Economic Affairs, Office of the Under-          15, XV
       Secretary for
  Economic Analysis, Bureau of                    15, VIII
  Economic Development Administration             13, III
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 13
  Foreign-Trade Zones Board                       15, IV
  Industry and Security, Bureau of                15, VII
  International Trade Administration              15, III; 19, III
  National Institute of Standards and Technology  15, II; 37, IV
  National Marine Fisheries Service               50, II, IV
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric                15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
       Administration                             VI
  National Technical Information Service          15, XI
  National Telecommunications and Information     15, XXIII; 47, III, IV
       Administration
  National Weather Service                        15, IX
  Patent and Trademark Office, United States      37, I
  Secretary of Commerce, Office of                15, Subtitle A
Commercial Space Transportation                   14, III
Commodity Credit Corporation                      7, XIV
Commodity Futures Trading Commission              5, XLI; 17, I
Community Planning and Development, Office of     24, V, VI
     Assistant Secretary for
Community Services, Office of                     45, X
Comptroller of the Currency                       12, I
Construction Industry Collective Bargaining       29, IX
     Commission
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau              5, LXXXIV; 12, X
Consumer Product Safety Commission                5, LXXI; 16, II
Copyright Royalty Board                           37, III
Corporation for National and Community Service    2, XXII; 45, XII, XXV
Cost Accounting Standards Board                   48, 99
Council on Environmental Quality                  40, V
Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity    5, XCVIII
     and Efficiency
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency    5, LXX; 28, VIII
     for the District of Columbia
Customs and Border Protection                     19, I
Defense, Department of                            2, XI; 5, XXVI; 32, 
                                                  Subtitle A; 40, VII
  Advanced Research Projects Agency               32, I
  Air Force Department                            32, VII
  Army Department                                 32, V; 33, II; 36, III; 
                                                  48, 51
  Defense Acquisition Regulations System          48, 2
  Defense Intelligence Agency                     32, I

[[Page 163]]

  Defense Logistics Agency                        32, I, XII; 48, 54
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  National Imagery and Mapping Agency             32, I
  Navy, Department of                             32, VI; 48, 52
  Secretary of Defense, Office of                 2, XI; 32, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency                     32, I
Defense Intelligence Agency                       32, I
Defense Logistics Agency                          32, XII; 48, 54
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board           10, XVII
Delaware River Basin Commission                   18, III
Denali Commission                                 45, IX
Disability, National Council on                   5, C; 34, XII
District of Columbia, Court Services and          5, LXX; 28, VIII
     Offender Supervision Agency for the
Drug Enforcement Administration                   21, II
East-West Foreign Trade Board                     15, XIII
Economic Affairs, Office of the Under-Secretary   15, XV
     for
Economic Analysis, Bureau of                      15, VIII
Economic Development Administration               13, III
Economic Research Service                         7, XXXVII
Education, Department of                          2, XXXIV; 5, LIII
  Bilingual Education and Minority Languages      34, V
       Affairs, Office of
  Career, Technical, and Adult Education, Office  34, IV
       of
  Civil Rights, Office for                        34, I
  Educational Research and Improvement, Office    34, VII
       of
  Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of   34, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 34
  Postsecondary Education, Office of              34, VI
  Secretary of Education, Office of               34, Subtitle A
  Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,  34, III
       Office of
Educational Research and Improvement, Office of   34, VII
Election Assistance Commission                    2, LVIII; 11, II
Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of     34, II
Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board       13, V
Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board              13, IV
Employee Benefits Security Administration         29, XXV
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board             20, IV
Employees Loyalty Board                           5, V
Employment and Training Administration            20, V
Employment Policy, National Commission for        1, IV
Employment Standards Administration               20, VI
Endangered Species Committee                      50, IV
Energy, Department of                             2, IX; 5, XXIII; 10, II, 
                                                  III, X
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 9
  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission            5, XXIV; 18, I
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 109
Energy, Office of                                 7, XXIX
Engineers, Corps of                               33, II; 36, III
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of                 31, VI
Environmental Protection Agency                   2, XV; 5, LIV; 40, I, IV, 
                                                  VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 15
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 115
Environmental Quality, Office of                  7, XXXI
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission           5, LXII; 29, XIV
Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant Secretary  24, I
     for
Executive Office of the President                 3, I
  Environmental Quality, Council on               40, V
  Management and Budget, Office of                2, Subtitle A; 5, III, 
                                                  LXXVII; 14, VI; 48, 99
  National Drug Control Policy, Office of         2, XXXVI; 21, III
  National Security Council                       32, XXI; 47, II
  Presidential Documents                          3
  Science and Technology Policy, Office of        32, XXIV; 47, II
  Trade Representative, Office of the United      15, XX
     States
[[Page 164]]

Export-Import Bank of the United States           2, XXXV; 5, LII; 12, IV
Family Assistance, Office of                      45, II
Farm Credit Administration                        5, XXXI; 12, VI
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation          5, XXX; 12, XIV
Farm Service Agency                               7, VII, XVIII
Federal Acquisition Regulation                    48, 1
Federal Acquisition Security Council              41, 201
Federal Aviation Administration                   14, I
  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
Federal Claims Collection Standards               31, IX
Federal Communications Commission                 2, LX; 5, XXIX; 47, I
Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of   41, 60
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation                7, IV
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation             5, XXII; 12, III
Federal Election Commission                       5, XXXVII; 11, I
Federal Emergency Management Agency               44, I
Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal    48, 21
     Acquisition Regulation
Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition     48, 16
     Regulation
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission              5, XXIV; 18, I
Federal Financial Institutions Examination        12, XI
     Council
Federal Financing Bank                            12, VIII
Federal Highway Administration                    23, I, II
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation            1, IV
Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight Office       12, XVII
Federal Housing Finance Agency                    5, LXXX; 12, XII
Federal Labor Relations Authority                 5, XIV, XLIX; 22, XIV
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center           31, VII
Federal Management Regulation                     41, 102
Federal Maritime Commission                       46, IV
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service        29, XII
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission  5, LXXIV; 29, XXVII
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration       49, III
Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council   40, IX
Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                   28, III
Federal Procurement Policy Office                 48, 99
Federal Property Management Regulations           41, 101
Federal Railroad Administration                   49, II
Federal Register, Administrative Committee of     1, I
Federal Register, Office of                       1, II
Federal Reserve System                            12, II
  Board of Governors                              5, LVIII
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board        5, VI, LXXVI
Federal Service Impasses Panel                    5, XIV
Federal Trade Commission                          5, XLVII; 16, I
Federal Transit Administration                    49, VI
Federal Travel Regulation System                  41, Subtitle F
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network              31, X
Financial Research Office                         12, XVI
Financial Stability Oversight Council             12, XIII
Fine Arts, Commission of                          45, XXI
Fiscal Service                                    31, II
Fish and Wildlife Service, United States          50, I, IV
Food and Drug Administration                      21, I
Food and Nutrition Service                        7, II
Food Safety and Inspection Service                9, III
Foreign Agricultural Service                      7, XV
Foreign Assets Control, Office of                 31, V
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the       45, V
     United States
Foreign Service Grievance Board                   22, IX
Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel            22, XIV
Foreign Service Labor Relations Board             22, XIV
Foreign-Trade Zones Board                         15, IV
Forest Service                                    36, II
General Services Administration                   5, LVII; 41, 105
  Contract Appeals, Board of                      48, 61
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 5

[[Page 165]]

  Federal Management Regulation                   41, 102
  Federal Property Management Regulations         41, 101
  Federal Travel Regulation System                41, Subtitle F
  General                                         41, 300
  Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel    41, 304
       Expenses
  Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death    41, 303
       of Certain Employees
  Relocation Allowances                           41, 302
  Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances          41, 301
Geological Survey                                 30, IV
Government Accountability Office                  4, I
Government Ethics, Office of                      5, XVI
Government National Mortgage Association          24, III
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards          7, VIII; 9, II
     Administration
Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development       33, IV
     Corporation
Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council          2, LIX; 40, VIII
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation            45, XVIII
Health and Human Services, Department of          2, III; 5, XLV; 45, 
                                                  Subtitle A
  Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services        42, IV
  Child Support Enforcement, Office of            45, III
  Children and Families, Administration for       45, II, III, IV, X, XIII
  Community Services, Office of                   45, X
  Family Assistance, Office of                    45, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 3
  Food and Drug Administration                    21, I
  Indian Health Service                           25, V
  Inspector General (Health Care), Office of      42, V
  Public Health Service                           42, I
  Refugee Resettlement, Office of                 45, IV
Homeland Security, Department of                  2, XXX; 5, XXXVI; 6, I; 8, 
                                                  I
  Coast Guard                                     33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
  Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage)              46, III
  Customs and Border Protection                   19, I
  Federal Emergency Management Agency             44, I
  Human Resources Management and Labor Relations  5, XCVII
       Systems
  Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau      19, IV
  Transportation Security Administration          49, XII
HOPE for Homeowners Program, Board of Directors   24, XXIV
     of
Housing and Urban Development, Department of      2, XXIV; 5, LXV; 24, 
                                                  Subtitle B
  Community Planning and Development, Office of   24, V, VI
       Assistant Secretary for
  Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant          24, I
       Secretary for
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 24
  Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office    12, XVII
       of
  Government National Mortgage Association        24, III
  Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office   24, II, VIII, X, XX
       of Assistant Secretary for
  Housing, Office of, and Multifamily Housing     24, IV
       Assistance Restructuring, Office of
  Inspector General, Office of                    24, XII
  Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant  24, IX
       Secretary for
  Secretary, Office of                            24, Subtitle A, VII
Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office of  24, II, VIII, X, XX
     Assistant Secretary for
Housing, Office of, and Multifamily Housing       24, IV
     Assistance Restructuring, Office of
Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau        19, IV
Immigration Review, Executive Office for          8, V
Independent Counsel, Office of                    28, VII
Independent Counsel, Offices of                   28, VI
Indian Affairs, Bureau of                         25, I, V
Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant           25, VI
     Secretary
Indian Arts and Crafts Board                      25, II

[[Page 166]]

Indian Health Service                             25, V
Industry and Security, Bureau of                  15, VII
Information Resources Management, Office of       7, XXVII
Information Security Oversight Office, National   32, XX
     Archives and Records Administration
Inspector General
  Agriculture Department                          7, XXVI
  Health and Human Services Department            42, V
  Housing and Urban Development Department        24, XII, XV
Institute of Peace, United States                 22, XVII
Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator,    5, CIV
     Office of
Inter-American Foundation                         5, LXIII; 22, X
Interior, Department of                           2, XIV
  American Indians, Office of the Special         25, VII
       Trustee
  Endangered Species Committee                    50, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 14
  Federal Property Management Regulations System  41, 114
  Fish and Wildlife Service, United States        50, I, IV
  Geological Survey                               30, IV
  Indian Affairs, Bureau of                       25, I, V
  Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant         25, VI
       Secretary
  Indian Arts and Crafts Board                    25, II
  Land Management, Bureau of                      43, II
  National Indian Gaming Commission               25, III
  National Park Service                           36, I
  Natural Resource Revenue, Office of             30, XII
  Ocean Energy Management, Bureau of              30, V
  Reclamation, Bureau of                          43, I
  Safety and Environmental Enforcement, Bureau    30, II
       of
  Secretary of the Interior, Office of            2, XIV; 43, Subtitle A
  Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,     30, VII
       Office of
Internal Revenue Service                          26, I
International Boundary and Water Commission,      22, XI
     United States and Mexico, United States 
     Section
International Development, United States Agency   22, II
     for
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
International Development Cooperation Agency,     22, XII
     United States
International Development Finance Corporation,    5, XXXIII; 22, VII
     U.S.
International Joint Commission, United States     22, IV
     and Canada
International Organizations Employees Loyalty     5, V
     Board
International Trade Administration                15, III; 19, III
International Trade Commission, United States     19, II
Interstate Commerce Commission                    5, XL
Investment Security, Office of                    31, VIII
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation      45, XXIV
Japan-United States Friendship Commission         22, XVI
Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries       20, VIII
Justice, Department of                            2, XXVIII; 5, XXVIII; 28, 
                                                  I, XI; 40, IV
  Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives,     27, II
       Bureau of
  Drug Enforcement Administration                 21, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 28
  Federal Claims Collection Standards             31, IX
  Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                 28, III
  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the     45, V
       United States
  Immigration Review, Executive Office for        8, V
  Independent Counsel, Offices of                 28, VI
  Prisons, Bureau of                              28, V
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 128
Labor, Department of                              2, XXIX; 5, XLII
  Benefits Review Board                           20, VII
  Employee Benefits Security Administration       29, XXV
  Employees' Compensation Appeals Board           20, IV
  Employment and Training Administration          20, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 29

[[Page 167]]

  Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office    41, 60
       of
  Federal Procurement Regulations System          41, 50
  Labor-Management Standards, Office of           29, II, IV
  Mine Safety and Health Administration           30, I
  Occupational Safety and Health Administration   29, XVII
  Public Contracts                                41, 50
  Secretary of Labor, Office of                   29, Subtitle A
  Veterans' Employment and Training Service,      41, 61; 20, IX
       Office of the Assistant Secretary for
  Wage and Hour Division                          29, V
  Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of       20, I, VI
Labor-Management Standards, Office of             29, II, IV
Land Management, Bureau of                        43, II
Legal Services Corporation                        45, XVI
Libraries and Information Science, National       45, XVII
     Commission on
Library of Congress                               36, VII
  Copyright Royalty Board                         37, III
  U.S. Copyright Office                           37, II
Management and Budget, Office of                  5, III, LXXVII; 14, VI; 
                                                  48, 99
Marine Mammal Commission                          50, V
Maritime Administration                           46, II
Merit Systems Protection Board                    5, II, LXIV
Micronesian Status Negotiations, Office for       32, XXVII
Military Compensation and Retirement              5, XCIX
     Modernization Commission
Millennium Challenge Corporation                  22, XIII
Mine Safety and Health Administration             30, I
Minority Business Development Agency              15, XIV
Miscellaneous Agencies                            1, IV
Monetary Offices                                  31, I
Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in     36, XVI
     National Environmental Policy Foundation
Museum and Library Services, Institute of         2, XXXI
National Aeronautics and Space Administration     2, XVIII; 5, LIX; 14, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 18
National Agricultural Library                     7, XLI
National Agricultural Statistics Service          7, XXXVI
National and Community Service, Corporation for   2, XXII; 45, XII, XXV
National Archives and Records Administration      2, XXVI; 5, LXVI; 36, XII
  Information Security Oversight Office           32, XX
National Capital Planning Commission              1, IV, VI
National Counterintelligence Center               32, XVIII
National Credit Union Administration              5, LXXXVI; 12, VII
National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact     28, IX
     Council
National Drug Control Policy, Office of           2, XXXVI; 21, III
National Endowment for the Arts                   2, XXXII
National Endowment for the Humanities             2, XXXIII
National Foundation on the Arts and the           45, XI
     Humanities
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency           32, I
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration    23, II, III; 47, VI; 49, V
National Imagery and Mapping Agency               32, I
National Indian Gaming Commission                 25, III
National Institute of Food and Agriculture        7, XXXIV
National Institute of Standards and Technology    15, II; 37, IV
National Intelligence, Office of Director of      5, IV; 32, XVII
National Labor Relations Board                    5, LXI; 29, I
National Marine Fisheries Service                 50, II, IV
National Mediation Board                          5, CI; 29, X
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration   15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
                                                  VI
National Park Service                             36, I
National Railroad Adjustment Board                29, III
National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK)  49, VII
National Science Foundation                       2, XXV; 5, XLIII; 45, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 25
National Security Council                         32, XXI; 47, II

[[Page 168]]

National Technical Information Service            15, XI
National Telecommunications and Information       15, XXIII; 47, III, IV, V
     Administration
National Transportation Safety Board              49, VIII
Natural Resource Revenue, Office of               30, XII
Natural Resources Conservation Service            7, VI
Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, Office of      25, IV
Navy, Department of                               32, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 52
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation             24, XXV
Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste  10, XVIII
     Commission
Nuclear Regulatory Commission                     2, XX; 5, XLVIII; 10, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 20
Occupational Safety and Health Administration     29, XVII
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission  29, XX
Ocean Energy Management, Bureau of                30, V
Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust             36, XV
Operations Office                                 7, XXVIII
Patent and Trademark Office, United States        37, I
Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel      41, 304
     Expenses
Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death of   41, 303
     Certain Employees
Peace Corps                                       2, XXXVII; 22, III
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation       36, IX
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation              29, XL
Personnel Management, Office of                   5, I, IV, XXXV; 45, VIII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 17
  Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal  48, 21
       Acquisition Regulation
  Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition   48, 16
       Regulation
  Human Resources Management and Labor Relations  5, XCVII
       Systems, Department of Homeland Security
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety           49, I
     Administration
Postal Regulatory Commission                      5, XLVI; 39, III
Postal Service, United States                     5, LX; 39, I
Postsecondary Education, Office of                34, VI
President's Commission on White House             1, IV
     Fellowships
Presidential Documents                            3
Presidio Trust                                    36, X
Prisons, Bureau of                                28, V
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board       6, X
Procurement and Property Management, Office of    7, XXXII
Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant    24, IX
     Secretary for
Public Contracts, Department of Labor             41, 50
Public Health Service                             42, I
Railroad Retirement Board                         20, II
Reclamation, Bureau of                            43, I
Refugee Resettlement, Office of                   45, IV
Relocation Allowances                             41, 302
Research and Innovative Technology                49, XI
     Administration
Rural Business-Cooperative Service                7, XVIII, XLII, L
Rural Development Administration                  7, XLII
Rural Housing Service                             7, XVIII, XXXV, L
Rural Utilities Service                           7, XVII, XVIII, XLII, L
Safety and Environmental Enforcement, Bureau of   30, II
Science and Technology Policy, Office of          32, XXIV; 47, II
Secret Service                                    31, IV
Securities and Exchange Commission                5, XXXIV; 17, II
Selective Service System                          32, XVI
Small Business Administration                     2, XXVII; 13, I
Smithsonian Institution                           36, V
Social Security Administration                    2, XXIII; 20, III; 48, 23
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, United States        5, XI
Special Counsel, Office of                        5, VIII
Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,    34, III
     Office of
State, Department of                              2, VI; 22, I; 28, XI

[[Page 169]]

  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 6
Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,       30, VII
     Office of
Surface Transportation Board                      49, X
Susquehanna River Basin Commission                18, VIII
Tennessee Valley Authority                        5, LXIX; 18, XIII
Trade Representative, United States, Office of    15, XX
Transportation, Department of                     2, XII; 5, L
  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 12
  Federal Aviation Administration                 14, I
  Federal Highway Administration                  23, I, II
  Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration     49, III
  Federal Railroad Administration                 49, II
  Federal Transit Administration                  49, VI
  Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development     33, IV
       Corporation
  Maritime Administration                         46, II
  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration  23, II, III; 47, IV; 49, V
  Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety         49, I
       Administration
  Secretary of Transportation, Office of          14, II; 49, Subtitle A
  Transportation Statistics Bureau                49, XI
Transportation, Office of                         7, XXXIII
Transportation Security Administration            49, XII
Transportation Statistics Bureau                  49, XI
Travel Allowances, Temporary Duty (TDY)           41, 301
Treasury, Department of the                       2, X; 5, XXI; 12, XV; 17, 
                                                  IV; 31, IX
  Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau        27, I
  Community Development Financial Institutions    12, XVIII
       Fund
  Comptroller of the Currency                     12, I
  Customs and Border Protection                   19, I
  Engraving and Printing, Bureau of               31, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 10
  Federal Claims Collection Standards             31, IX
  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center         31, VII
  Financial Crimes Enforcement Network            31, X
  Fiscal Service                                  31, II
  Foreign Assets Control, Office of               31, V
  Internal Revenue Service                        26, I
  Investment Security, Office of                  31, VIII
  Monetary Offices                                31, I
  Secret Service                                  31, IV
  Secretary of the Treasury, Office of            31, Subtitle A
Truman, Harry S. Scholarship Foundation           45, XVIII
United States Agency for Global Media             22, V
United States and Canada, International Joint     22, IV
     Commission
United States and Mexico, International Boundary  22, XI
     and Water Commission, United States Section
U.S. Copyright Office                             37, II
U.S. Office of Special Counsel                    5, CII
Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation      43, III
     Commission
Veterans Affairs, Department of                   2, VIII; 38, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 8
Veterans' Employment and Training Service,        41, 61; 20, IX
     Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Vice President of the United States, Office of    32, XXVIII
Wage and Hour Division                            29, V
Water Resources Council                           18, VI
Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of         20, I, VII
World Agricultural Outlook Board                  7, XXXVIII

[[Page 171]]



List of CFR Sections Affected



All changes in this volume of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) that 
were made by documents published in the Federal Register since January 
1, 2018 are enumerated in the following list. Entries indicate the 
nature of the changes effected. Page numbers refer to Federal Register 
pages. The user should consult the entries for chapters, parts and 
subparts as well as sections for revisions.
For changes to this volume of the CFR prior to this listing, consult the 
annual edition of the monthly List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA). The 
LSA is available at www.govinfo.gov. For changes to this volume of the 
CFR prior to 2001, see the ``List of CFR Sections Affected, 1949-1963, 
1964-1972, 1973-1985, and 1986-2000'' published in 11 separate volumes. 
The ``List of CFR Sections Affected 1986-2000'' is available at 
www.govinfo.gov.

                                  2018

50 CFR
                                                                   83 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
Chapter I Policy statement..................................36469, 36472
11.33 Table revised.................................................5951

                                  2019

50 CFR
                                                                   84 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
11.33 Table revised................................................15526
14 Authority citation revised......................................29808
14.92 (a)(5) added.................................................29808

                                  2020

50 CFR
                                                                   85 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
10.13 (c) revised..................................................21290
11.33 Table revised................................................10311

                                  2021

50 CFR
                                                                   86 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
10.14 Added.........................................................1165
    Regulation at 86 FR 1165 eff. date delayed to 3-8-21............8715
    Removed........................................................54656
11.33 Table revised................................................15428

                                  2022

50 CFR
                                                                   87 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
11.33 Table revised................................................13949
12.36 (c) amended....................................................879
13.11 (b)(1) amended.................................................880
13.12 (b) table amended..............................................880
13.24 (c) amended....................................................880
13.25 (b) introductory text and (f) amended..........................880

[[Page 172]]

                                  2023

  (Regulations published from January 1, 2023, through October 1, 2023)

50 CFR
                                                                   88 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
10.13 Heading and (c) revised......................................49317
11.33 Table amended.................................................5797
12 Revised.........................................................47818
14.3 Revised; interim..............................................38372
14.250--14.257 (Subpart K) Revised; interim........................38372


                                  [all]