[Title 50 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - October 1, 2022 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



[[Page i]]

          

          Title 50

Wildlife and Fisheries


________________________

Parts 1 to 16

                         Revised as of October 1, 2022

          Containing a codification of documents of general 
          applicability and future effect

          As of October 1, 2022
                    Published by the Office of the Federal Register 
                    National Archives and Records Administration as a 
                    Special Edition of the Federal Register

[[Page ii]]

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[[Page iii]]




                            Table of Contents



                                                                    Page
  Explanation.................................................       v

  Title 50:
          Chapter I--United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
          Department of the Interior                                 3
  Finding Aids:
      Table of CFR Titles and Chapters........................     115
      Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR......     135
      List of CFR Sections Affected...........................     145

[[Page iv]]





                     ----------------------------

                     Cite this Code: CFR
                     To cite the regulations in 
                       this volume use title, 
                       part and section number. 
                       Thus, 50 CFR 1.1 refers to 
                       title 50, part 1, section 
                       1.

                     ----------------------------

[[Page v]]



                               EXPLANATION

    The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and 
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive 
departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided 
into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal 
regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the 
name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into 
parts covering specific regulatory areas.
    Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year 
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:

Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1

    The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each 
volume.

LEGAL STATUS

    The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially 
noticed (44 U.S.C. 1507). The Code of Federal Regulations is prima facie 
evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).

HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

    The Code of Federal Regulations is kept up to date by the individual 
issues of the Federal Register. These two publications must be used 
together to determine the latest version of any given rule.
    To determine whether a Code volume has been amended since its 
revision date (in this case, October 1, 2022), consult the ``List of CFR 
Sections Affected (LSA),'' which is issued monthly, and the ``Cumulative 
List of Parts Affected,'' which appears in the Reader Aids section of 
the daily Federal Register. These two lists will identify the Federal 
Register page number of the latest amendment of any given rule.

EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES

    Each volume of the Code contains amendments published in the Federal 
Register since the last revision of that volume of the Code. Source 
citations for the regulations are referred to by volume number and page 
number of the Federal Register and date of publication. Publication 
dates and effective dates are usually not the same and care must be 
exercised by the user in determining the actual effective date. In 
instances where the effective date is beyond the cut-off date for the 
Code a note has been inserted to reflect the future effective date. In 
those instances where a regulation published in the Federal Register 
states a date certain for expiration, an appropriate note will be 
inserted following the text.

OMB CONTROL NUMBERS

    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires 
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information 
collection request.

[[Page vi]]

Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as 
amendments to existing regulations in the CFR. These OMB numbers are 
placed as close as possible to the applicable recordkeeping or reporting 
requirements.

PAST PROVISIONS OF THE CODE

    Provisions of the Code that are no longer in force and effect as of 
the revision date stated on the cover of each volume are not carried. 
Code users may find the text of provisions in effect on any given date 
in the past by using the appropriate List of CFR Sections Affected 
(LSA). For the convenience of the reader, a ``List of CFR Sections 
Affected'' is published at the end of each CFR volume. For changes to 
the Code prior to the LSA listings at the end of the volume, consult 
previous annual editions of the LSA. For changes to the Code prior to 
2001, consult the List of CFR Sections Affected compilations, published 
for 1949-1963, 1964-1972, 1973-1985, and 1986-2000.

``[RESERVED]'' TERMINOLOGY

    The term ``[Reserved]'' is used as a place holder within the Code of 
Federal Regulations. An agency may add regulatory information at a 
``[Reserved]'' location at any time. Occasionally ``[Reserved]'' is used 
editorially to indicate that a portion of the CFR was left vacant and 
not dropped in error.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

    What is incorporation by reference? Incorporation by reference was 
established by statute and allows Federal agencies to meet the 
requirement to publish regulations in the Federal Register by referring 
to materials already published elsewhere. For an incorporation to be 
valid, the Director of the Federal Register must approve it. The legal 
effect of incorporation by reference is that the material is treated as 
if it were published in full in the Federal Register (5 U.S.C. 552(a)). 
This material, like any other properly issued regulation, has the force 
of law.
    What is a proper incorporation by reference? The Director of the 
Federal Register will approve an incorporation by reference only when 
the requirements of 1 CFR part 51 are met. Some of the elements on which 
approval is based are:
    (a) The incorporation will substantially reduce the volume of 
material published in the Federal Register.
    (b) The matter incorporated is in fact available to the extent 
necessary to afford fairness and uniformity in the administrative 
process.
    (c) The incorporating document is drafted and submitted for 
publication in accordance with 1 CFR part 51.
    What if the material incorporated by reference cannot be found? If 
you have any problem locating or obtaining a copy of material listed as 
an approved incorporation by reference, please contact the agency that 
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or call 202-741-6010.

CFR INDEXES AND TABULAR GUIDES

    A subject index to the Code of Federal Regulations is contained in a 
separate volume, revised annually as of January 1, entitled CFR Index 
and Finding Aids. This volume contains the Parallel Table of Authorities 
and Rules. A list of CFR titles, chapters, subchapters, and parts and an 
alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are also included in 
this volume.
    An index to the text of ``Title 3--The President'' is carried within 
that volume.

[[Page vii]]

    The Federal Register Index is issued monthly in cumulative form. 
This index is based on a consolidation of the ``Contents'' entries in 
the daily Federal Register.
    A List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA) is published monthly, keyed to 
the revision dates of the 50 CFR titles.

REPUBLICATION OF MATERIAL

    There are no restrictions on the republication of material appearing 
in the Code of Federal Regulations.

INQUIRIES

    For a legal interpretation or explanation of any regulation in this 
volume, contact the issuing agency. The issuing agency's name appears at 
the top of odd-numbered pages.
    For inquiries concerning CFR reference assistance, call 202-741-6000 
or write to the Director, Office of the Federal Register, National 
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Connect to NARA's website at www.archives.gov/federal-register.
    The eCFR is a regularly updated, unofficial editorial compilation of 
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the Federal Register and the Government Publishing Office. It is 
available at www.ecfr.gov.

    Oliver A. Potts,
    Director,
    Office of the Federal Register
    October 1, 2022







[[Page ix]]



                               THIS TITLE

    Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries is composed of thirteen volumes. 
The parts in these volumes are arranged in the following order: Parts 1-
16; part 17 (17.1 to 17.95(a)), part 17 (17.95(b)), part 17 (17.95(c) to 
(e)), part 17 (17.95(f) to end of 17.95), part 17 (17.96 to 17.98), part 
17 (17.99(a) to (h)), part 17 (17.99(i) to end of part 17), parts 18-
199, parts 200-227, parts 228-599, parts 600-659, and part 660 to end. 
The first nine volumes consist of parts 1-16, part 17 (17.1 to 
17.95(a)), part 17 (17.95(b)), part 17 (17.95(c) to (e)), part 17 
(17.95(f) to end of 17.95), part 17 (17.96 to 17.98), part 17 (17.99(a) 
to 17.99(h)), part 17 (17.99(i) to end of part 17), and parts 18-199 and 
contain the current regulations issued under chapter I--United States 
Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior. The tenth volume 
(parts 200-227) contains the current regulations issued under chapter 
II--National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, Department of Commerce. The eleventh volume (parts 228-
599) contains the remaining current regulations issued under chapter 
II--National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, Department of Commerce; and the current regulations 
issued under chapter III--International Fishing and Related Activities; 
chapter IV--Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
Department of the Interior and National Marine Fisheries Service, 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
Commerce); Endangered Species Committee regulations; and chapter V--
Marine Mammal Commission. The twelfth and thirteenth volumes (parts 600-
659 and part 660 to end) contain the current regulations issued under 
chapter VI--Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce. The contents of 
these volumes represent all current regulations codified under this 
title of the CFR as of October 1, 2022.

    Alphabetical listings of endangered and threatened wildlife and 
plants appear in Sec. Sec.  17.11 and 17.12.

    The OMB control numbers for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration appear in 15 CFR 902.1.

    For this volume, Cheryl E. Sirofchuck was Chief Editor. The Code of 
Federal Regulations publication program is under the direction of John 
Hyrum Martinez, assisted by Stephen J. Frattini.

[[Page 1]]



                    TITLE 50--WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES




                   (This book contains parts 1 to 16)

  --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Part

chapter i--United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
  Department of the Interior................................           1

[[Page 3]]



 CHAPTER I--UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE 
                                INTERIOR




  --------------------------------------------------------------------

                    SUBCHAPTER A--GENERAL PROVISIONS
Part                                                                Page
1               Definitions.................................           5
2               Agency organization and locations...........           5
3               Nondiscrimination--contracts, permits, and 
                    use of facilities.......................           7
   SUBCHAPTER B--TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, 
       BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS
10              General provisions..........................           8
11              Civil procedures............................          31
12              Seizure and forfeiture procedures...........          36
13              General permit procedures...................          45
14              Importation, exportation, and transportation 
                    of wildlife.............................          58
15              Wild Bird Conservation Act..................          87
16              Injurious wildlife..........................         100

[[Page 5]]



                     SUBCHAPTER A_GENERAL PROVISIONS





PART 1_DEFINITIONS--Table of Contents



Sec.
1.1 Meaning of terms.
1.2 Authorized representative.
1.3 Service.
1.4 Director.
1.5 Officer in Charge.
1.6 Person.
1.7 Regional director.
1.8 Secretary.

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301.

    Source: 31 FR 16002, Dec. 15, 1966, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  1.1  Meaning of terms.

    As used in this chapter, unless separately defined, terms shall have 
the meaning ascribed in this part.



Sec.  1.2  Authorized representative.

    Authorized representative means the subordinate official to which a 
principal official has delegated authority to act on a particular matter 
or a class of matters. The Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is 
frequently the authorized representative of the Secretary of the 
Interior, as also may be a regional director or an officer in charge of 
a Service field installation.



Sec.  1.3  Service.

    Service means the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
Department of the Interior.



Sec.  1.4  Director.

    Director means the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the 
authorized representative of such official.

[48 FR 44833, Sept. 30, 1983]



Sec.  1.5  Officer in Charge.

    Officer in Charge means any person in charge of a national fish 
hatchery, national wildlife refuge, research center, or other U.S. Fish 
and Wildlife Service installation, or the authorized representative of 
such official.

[48 FR 44833, Sept. 30, 1983]



Sec.  1.6  Person.

    Person means an individual, club, association, partnership, 
corporation, or private or public body, any one or all, as the context 
requires.



Sec.  1.7  Regional director.

    Regional director means the official in charge of a region of the 
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the authorized representative of such 
official.

[48 FR 44833, Sept. 30, 1983]



Sec.  1.8  Secretary.

    Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or the authorized 
representative of such official.

[48 FR 44833, Sept. 30, 1983]



PART 2_AGENCY ORGANIZATION AND LOCATIONS--Table of Contents



Sec.
2.1 Headquarters.
2.2 Regional offices.

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301.



Sec.  2.1  Headquarters.

    The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is composed of a main office in 
the Washington, DC, area, referred to as ``Headquarters''; eight 
regional offices, which are described in Sec.  2.2; and a variety of 
field installations, a nationwide network of law enforcement agents, and 
a number of field study teams for biological and ecological activities. 
Headquarters includes the Office of the Director, as well as program 
areas headed by Assistant Directors.
    (a) The address for the Office of the Director is: Office of the 
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Main Interior, 1849 C Street 
NW., Room 3331, Washington, DC 20240-0001.
    (b) The address of Headquarters program areas is: U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service Headquarters, MS: [Insert appropriate Mail Stop from 
table], 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803.

[[Page 6]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Headquarters program                      Mail stop
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business Management and Operations.............  MS: BMO.
Budget, Planning and Human Capital, including:
     Service's Information     MS: BPHC.
     Collection Clearance Officer.
External Affairs...............................  MS: EA.
Ecological Services, Including:
     Division of               MS: ES.
     Environmental Review.
Fish and Aquatic Conservation, including:
     Division of Fish and      MS: FAC.
     Aquatic Conservation Programs.
International Affairs, including:
     Division of Management    MS: IA.
     Authority.
     Division of Scientific
     Authority.
Information Resource and Technology Management.  MS: IRTM.
Migratory Birds, including:
     Division of Migratory     MS: MB.
     Bird Management.
     Division of Bird Habitat
     Conservation.
National Wildlife Refuge System................  MS: NWRS.
Office of Diversity and Inclusive Workforce      MS: ODIWM.
 Management.
Office of Law Enforcement......................  MS: OLE.
Science Applications...........................  MS: SA.
Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration............  MS: WSFR.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[79 FR 43963, July 29, 2014]



Sec.  2.2  Regional offices.

    The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has eight regional offices that 
are responsible for implementing national policies. Each Regional 
Director has jurisdiction over Service activities performed by field 
installations in the State(s) encompassed by the region. Field 
installations include ecological services stations, endangered species 
stations, fishery assistance offices, national fish hatcheries, national 
wildlife refuges, research laboratories, and wildlife assistance 
offices. Unless otherwise stated for a particular matter in the 
regulations, all persons may secure from the regional offices 
information or make submittals or requests, as well as obtain forms and 
instructions as to the scope and contents of papers or reports required 
of the public. The geographic jurisdictions and addresses of the U.S. 
Fish and Wildlife regional offices are as follows:
    (a) Pacific Regional Office (Region 1--comprising the States of 
Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington; the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands; and American Samoa, Guam, and other Pacific 
possessions), Eastside Federal Complex, 911 NE. 11th Avenue, Portland, 
Oregon 97232.
    (b) Southwest Regional Office (Region 2--comprising the States of 
Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas), 500 Gold Avenue SW., Room 
9018 (P.O. Box 1306), Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102.
    (c) Midwest Regional Office (Region 3--comprising the States of 
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and 
Wisconsin), 5600 American Boulevard West, Suite 990, Bloomington, 
Minnesota 55437.
    (d) Southeast Regional Office (Region 4--comprising the States of 
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico; and the Virgin Islands and Caribbean possessions), 1875 
Century Boulevard, Suite 400, Atlanta, Georgia 30345.
    (e) Northeast Regional Office (Region 5--comprising the States of 
Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 
New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and 
West Virginia; and the District of Columbia), 300 Westgate Center Drive, 
Hadley, Massachusetts 01035.
    (f) Mountain-Prairie Regional Office (Region 6--comprising the 
States of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South 
Dakota, Utah and Wyoming), 134 Union Boulevard (P.O. Box 25486), 
Lakewood, Colorado 80228.
    (g) Alaska Regional Office (Region 7--comprising the State of 
Alaska), 1011 E. Tudor Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99503.
    (h) Pacific Southwest Regional Office (Region 8--comprising the 
States of California and Nevada), 2800 Cottage

[[Page 7]]

Way, Room W-2606, Sacramento, California 95825.

[78 FR 35151, June 12, 2013, as amended at 79 FR 43963, July 29, 2014]



PART 3_NONDISCRIMINATION_CONTRACTS, PERMITS, AND USE OF FACILITIES-
-Table of Contents



Sec.
3.1 Discrimination prohibited.
3.2 Federal financial assistance.
3.3 Discrimination by contractors and permittees prohibited.

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301. Interpret or apply sec. 602, 78 Stat. 252; 
42 U.S.C. 2000d-1; E.O. 10925, E.O. 11114.

    Source: 31 FR 16002, Dec. 15, 1966, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  3.1  Discrimination prohibited.

    No person shall, on the ground of race, color, creed, or national 
origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or 
be otherwise subjected to any form of discrimination or segregation 
under any program or activity, or in the use of any facility or 
accommodation of the Service.



Sec.  3.2  Federal financial assistance.

    The provisions of 43 CFR part 17, which implements title VI of the 
Civil Rights Act of 1964, are applicable to any program or activity for 
which Federal financial assistance is provided under any law 
administered by the Service, including the programs and activities that 
are federally assisted under the laws listed in Appendix A of 43 CFR 
part 17.



Sec.  3.3  Discrimination by contractors and permittees prohibited.

    The provisions of part III of Executive Order 10925 (3 CFR, 1959-
1963 Comp. p. 448) and the provisions of Executive Order 11114 (3 CFR, 
1959-1963 Comp. p. 774), as they may be amended, and the regulations of 
the President's Council on Equal Opportunity, the President's Committee 
on Equal Employment Opportunity, contained in 41 CFR part 60, and the 
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission are applicable to all 
agreements, or modifications thereof, between the Service and any person 
for supplies, services or facilities, or for the use of any Government 
property, services or facilities.
    (a) Any person who provides public accommodations, facilities, 
services, or privileges upon any land under the control or 
administration of the Service through a permit, contract, concession 
contract, or other form of agreement with the Service is prohibited from 
discriminating by segregation or otherwise against any person because of 
race, color, creed, or national origin in the furnishing or refusing to 
furnish such person any accommodation, facility, service, or privilege 
which is offered to or enjoyed by the general public, and will agree to 
abide by the prohibitions against discrimination contained in the 
permit, contract, or agreement.
    (b) Any person who uses, occupies, or possesses any land under the 
administration or control of the Service through a permit, contract, 
concession contract, or other form of agreement with the Bureau is 
prohibited, in conjunction with the acts or activities authorized or 
permitted by such permit, contract, or agreement, from discriminating 
against any employee or applicant for employment or maintaining any 
employment practice which discriminates in any manner because of race, 
color, creed, or national origin, and will agree to abide by the 
prohibitions against discrimination contained in the permit, contract, 
or agreement.

[[Page 8]]



SUBCHAPTER B_TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, 
           EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS





PART 10_GENERAL PROVISIONS--Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
10.1 Purpose of regulations.
10.2 Scope of regulations.
10.3 Other applicable laws.
10.4 When regulations apply.

                          Subpart B_Definitions

10.11 Scope of definitions.
10.12 Definitions.
10.13 List of Migratory Birds.

                           Subpart C_Addresses

10.21 Director.
10.22 Law enforcement offices.

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668a-d, 703-712, 742a-j-l, 1361-1384, 1401-
1407, 1531-1543, 3371-3378; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 1202.

    Source: 38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  10.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations of this Subchapter B are promulgated to implement 
the following statutes enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 
which regulate the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, 
barter, exportation, and importation of wildlife:

Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 42.
Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371-3378.
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 16 U.S.C. 703-712.
Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668a-668d.
Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. 1531-1543.
Tariff Classification Act of 1962, 19 U.S.C. 1202, [Schedule 1, Part 
15D, Headnote 2(d), T.S.U.S.].
Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, 16 U.S.C. 742a-742j-l.
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16 U.S.C. 1361-1384, 1401-1407.

[38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 53 FR 6649, Mar. 2, 1988]



Sec.  10.2  Scope of regulations.

    The various parts of this subchapter B are interrelated, and 
particular note should be taken that the parts must be construed with 
reference to each other.



Sec.  10.3  Other applicable laws.

    No statute or regulation of any State shall be construed to relieve 
a person from the restrictions, conditions, and requirements contained 
in this subchapter B. In addition, nothing in this subchapter B, nor any 
permit issued under this subchapter B, shall be construed to relieve a 
person from any other requirements imposed by a statute or regulation of 
any State or of the United States, including any applicable health, 
quarantine, agricultural, or customs laws or regulations, or other 
Service enforced statutes or regulations.



Sec.  10.4  When regulations apply.

    The regulations of this subchapter B shall apply to all matters 
arising after the effective date of such regulations, with the following 
exceptions:
    (a) Civil penalty proceedings. Except as otherwise provided in Sec.  
11.25, the civil penalty assessment procedures contained in this 
subchapter B shall apply only to any proceeding instituted by notice of 
violation dated subsequent to the effective date of these regulations, 
regardless of when the act or omission which is the basis of a civil 
penalty proceeding occurred.
    (b) Permits. The regulations in this subchapter B shall apply to any 
permit application received after the effective date of the appropriate 
regulations in this subchapter B and, insofar as appropriate, to any 
permit which is renewed after such effective date.

[38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 39 FR 1159, Jan. 4, 1974]

[[Page 9]]



                          Subpart B_Definitions



Sec.  10.11  Scope of definitions.

    In addition and subject to definitions contained in applicable 
statutes and subsequent parts or sections of this subchapter B, words or 
their variants shall have the meanings ascribed in this subpart. 
Throughout this subchapter B words in the singular form shall include 
the plural, words in the plural form shall include the singular, and 
words in the masculine form shall include the feminine.



Sec.  10.12  Definitions.

    Aircraft means any contrivance used for flight in the air.
    Amphibians means a member of the class, Amphibia, including, but not 
limited to, frogs, toads, and salamanders; including any part, product, 
egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding 
fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a 
processed food product.
    Animal means an organism of the animal kingdom, as distinguished 
from the plant kingdom; including any part, product, egg, or offspring 
thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether 
or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed food 
product.
    Birds means a member of the class, Aves; including any part, 
product, egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof 
(excluding fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product 
or in a processed food product.
    Country of exportation means the last country from which the animal 
was exported before importation into the United States.
    Country of origin means the country where the animal was taken from 
the wild, or the country of natal origin of the animal.
    Crustacean means a member of the class, Crustacea, including but not 
limited to, crayfish, lobsters, shrimps, crabs, barnacles, and some 
terrestrial forms; including any part, product, egg, or offspring 
thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether 
or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed food 
product.
    Director means the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife 
Service, Department of the Interior, or his authorized representative.
    Endangered wildlife means any wildlife listed in Sec.  17.11 or 
Sec.  17.12 of this subchapter.
    Fish means a member of any of the following classes:
    (1) Cyclostomata, including, but not limited to, hagfishes and 
lampreys;
    (2) Elasmobranchii, including but not limited to, sharks, skates, 
and rays; and
    (3) Pisces, including but not limited to trout, perch, bass, 
minnows, and catfish; including any part, product, egg, or offspring 
thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether 
or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed food 
product.
    Fish or wildlife means any wild animal, whether alive or dead, 
including without limitation any wild mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, 
fish, mollusk, crustacean, arthropod, coelenterate, or other 
invertebrate, whether or not bred, hatched, or born in captivity, and 
including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof.
    Foreign commerce includes, among other things, any transaction (1) 
between persons within one foreign country, or (2) between persons in 
two or more foreign countries, or (3) between a person within the United 
States and a person in one or more foreign countries, or (4) between 
persons within the United States, where the fish or wildlife in question 
are moving in any country or countries outside the United States.
    Fossil means the remains of an animal of past geological ages which 
has been preserved in the earth's crust through mineralization of the 
object.
    Import means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt 
to land on, bring into, or introduce into any place subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, 
bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning 
of the tariff laws of the United States.

[[Page 10]]

    Injurious Wildlife means any wildlife for which a permit is required 
under subpart B of part 16 of this subchapter before being imported into 
or shipped between the continental United States, the District of 
Columbia, Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any possession of 
the United States.
    Mammal means a member of the class, Mammalia; including any part, 
product, egg, or offspring, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding 
fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a 
processed food product.
    Migratory bird means any bird, whatever its origin and whether or 
not raised in captivity, which belongs to a species listed in Sec.  
10.13, or which is a mutation or a hybrid of any such species, including 
any part, nest, or egg of any such bird, or any product, whether or not 
manufactured, which consists, or is composed in whole or part, of any 
such bird or any part, nest, or egg thereof.
    Migratory game birds: See Sec.  20.11 of this subchapter.
    Mollusk means a member of the phylum, Mollusca, including but not 
limited to, snails, mussels, clams, oysters, scallops, abalone, squid, 
and octopuses; including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof, 
or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether or not 
included in a manufactured product or in a processed food product.
    Permit means any document designated as a ``permit,'' ``license,'' 
``certificate,'' or any other document issued by the Service to 
authorize, limit, or describe activity and signed by an authorized 
official of the Service.
    Person means any individual, firm, corporation, association, 
partnership, club, or private body, any one or all, as the context 
requires.
    Plant means any member of the plant kingdom, including seeds, roots 
and other parts thereof.
    Possession means the detention and control, or the manual or ideal 
custody of anything which may be the subject of property, for one's use 
and enjoyment, either as owner or as the proprietor of a qualified right 
in it, and either held personally or by another who exercises it in 
one's place and name. Possession includes the act or state of possessing 
and that condition of facts under which one can exercise his power over 
a corporeal thing at his pleasure to the exclusion of all other persons. 
Possession includes constructive possession which means not actual but 
assumed to exist, where one claims to hold by virtue of some title, 
without having actual custody.
    Public as used in referring to museums, zoological parks, and 
scientific or educational institutions, refers to such as are open to 
the general public and are either established, maintained, and operated 
as a governmental service or are privately endowed and organized but not 
operated for profit.
    Reptile means a member of the class, Reptilia, including but not 
limited to, turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators; 
including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead body 
or parts thereof, whether or not included in a manufactured product or 
in a processed food product.
    Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or his authorized 
representative.
    Service means the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 
Department of the Interior.
    Shellfish means an aquatic invertebrate animal having a shell, 
including, but not limited to, (a) an oyster, clam, or other mollusk; 
and (b) a lobster or other crustacean; or any part, product, egg, or 
offspring thereof, or the dead body or parts thereof (excluding 
fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a 
processed food product.
    State means any State of the United States, the District of 
Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin 
Islands, and Guam.
    Take means to pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or 
collect, or attempt to pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, 
or collect. (With reference to marine mammals, see Part 18 of this 
subchapter.)
    Transportation means to ship, convey, carry or transport by any 
means whatever, and deliver or receive for such shipment, conveyance, 
carriage, or transportation.
    United States means the several States of the United States of 
America,

[[Page 11]]

District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, U.S. 
Virgin Islands, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 
Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman 
Reef, Midway Atoll, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Atoll, and 
any other territory or possession under the jurisdiction of the United 
States.
    Whoever means the same as person.
    Wildlife means the same as fish or wildlife.

[38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977; 
42 FR 59358, Nov. 16, 1977; 45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 50 FR 52889, 
Dec. 26, 1985; 72 FR 48445, Aug. 23, 2007]



Sec.  10.13  List of Migratory Birds.

    (a) Legal authority for this list. The legal authorities for this 
list are the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA; 16 U.S.C. 703-712), the 
Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 742l), and the Fish 
and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a-742j). The MBTA implements 
Conventions between the United States and four neighboring countries for 
the protection of migratory birds, as follows:
    (1) Canada: Convention between the United States and Great Britain 
[on behalf of Canada] for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 
1916, 39 Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended;
    (2) Mexico: Convention between the United States and Mexico for the 
Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 
Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended;
    (3) Japan: Convention between the Government of the United States of 
America and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory 
Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4, 
1972, 25 U.S.T. 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and
    (4) Russia: Convention between the United States of America and the 
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning the Conservation of 
Migratory Birds and Their Environment, November 19, 1976, 20 U.S.T. 4647 
(T.I.A.S. No. 9073).
    (b) Purpose of this list. The purpose is to inform the public of the 
species protected by regulations that enforce the terms of the MBTA. 
These regulations, found in parts 10, 20, and 21 of this chapter, cover 
most aspects of the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, 
barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds.
    (c) What species are protected as migratory birds? Species protected 
as migratory birds are listed in two formats to suit the varying needs 
of the user: Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and 
taxonomically in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Taxonomy and 
nomenclature generally follow the 7th edition of the American 
Ornithologists' Union's (AOU, now recognized as American Ornithological 
Society (AOS)) Check-list of North American birds (1998, as amended 
through 2019). For species not treated by the AOS Check-list, we 
generally follow Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements et 
al. 2017).
    (1) Alphabetical listing. Species are listed alphabetically by 
common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species 
following the common name.

ACCENTOR, Siberian, Prunella montanella
'AKEKE'E, Loxops caeruleirostris
'AKEPA, Hawaii, Loxops coccineus
    Maui, Loxops ochraceus
    O'ahu, Loxops wolstenholmei
'AKIALOA, Kauai, Akialoa stejnegeri
    Maui Nui, Akialoa lanaiensis
    O'ahu, Akialoa ellisiana
'AKIAPOLA'AU, Hemignathus wilsoni
'AKIKIKI, Oreomystis bairdi
'AKOHEKOHE, Palmeria dolei
'ALAUAHIO, Maui, Paroreomyza montana
    O'ahu, Paroreomyza maculata
ALBATROSS, Black-browed, Thalassarche melanophris
    Black-footed, Phoebastria nigripes
    Chatham, Thalassarche eremita
    Laysan, Phoebastria immutabilis
    Light-mantled, Phoebetria palpebrata
    Salvin's, Thalassarche salvini
    Short-tailed, Phoebastria albatrus
    Wandering, Diomedea exulans
    White-capped, Thalassarche cauta
    Yellow-nosed, Thalassarche chlororhynchos
'AMAKIHI, Hawaii, Chlorodrepanis virens
    Kauai, Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri
    O'ahu, Chlorodrepanis flava
ANHINGA, Anhinga anhinga
ANI, Groove-billed, Crotophaga sulcirostris
    Smooth-billed, Crotophaga ani
'ANIANIAU, Magumma parva
'APAPANE, Himatione sanguinea
AUKLET, Cassin's, Ptychoramphus aleuticus
    Crested, Aethia cristatella
    Least, Aethia pusilla
    Parakeet, Aethia psittacula
    Rhinoceros, Cerorhinca monocerata

[[Page 12]]

    Whiskered, Aethia pygmaea
AVOCET, American, Recurvirostra americana
BANANAQUIT, Coereba flaveola
BEAN-GOOSE, Taiga, Anser fabalis
    Tundra, Anser serrirostris
BEARDLESS-TYRANNULET, Northern, Camptostoma imberbe
BECARD, Gray-collared, Pachyramphus major
    Rose-throated, Pachyramphus aglaiae
BITTERN, American, Botaurus lentiginosus
    Black, Ixobrychus flavicollis
    Least, Ixobrychus exilis
    Schrenck's, Ixobrychus eurhythmus
    Yellow, Ixobrychus sinensis
BLACKBIRD, Brewer's, Euphagus cyanocephalus
    Red-winged, Agelaius phoeniceus
    Rusty, Euphagus carolinus
    Tawny-shouldered, Agelaius humeralis
    Tricolored, Agelaius tricolor
    Yellow-headed, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
    Yellow-shouldered, Agelaius xanthomus
BLUEBIRD, Eastern, Sialia sialis
    Mountain, Sialia currucoides
    Western, Sialia mexicana
BLUETAIL, Red-flanked, Tarsiger cyanurus
BLUETHROAT, Cyanecula svecica
BOBOLINK, Dolichonyx oryzivorus
BOOBOOK, Northern, Ninox japonica
BOOBY, Abbott's, Papasula abbotti
    Blue-footed, Sula nebouxii
    Brown, Sula leucogaster
    Masked, Sula dactylatra
    Nazca, Sula granti
    Red-footed, Sula sula
BRAMBLING, Fringilla montifringilla
BRANT, Branta bernicla
BUFFLEHEAD, Bucephala albeola
BULLFINCH, Eurasian, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
    Puerto Rican, Melopyrrha portoricensis
BUNTING, Blue, Cyanocompsa parellina
    Gray, Emberiza variabilis
    Indigo, Passerina cyanea
    Lark, Calamospiza melanocorys
    Lazuli, Passerina amoena
    Little, Emberiza pusilla
    McKay's, Plectrophenax hyperboreus
    Painted, Passerina ciris
    Pallas's, Emberiza pallasi
    Pine, Emberiza leucocephalos
    Reed, Emberiza schoeniclus
    Rustic, Emberiza rustica
    Snow, Plectrophenax nivalis
    Varied, Passerina versicolor
    Yellow-breasted, Emberiza aureola
    Yellow-browed, Emberiza chrysophrys
    Yellow-throated, Emberiza elegans
BUSHTIT, Psaltriparus minimus
BUZZARD, Gray-faced, Butastur indicus
CANVASBACK, Aythya valisineria
CARACARA, Crested, Caracara cheriway
CARDINAL, Northern, Cardinalis cardinalis
CARIB, Green-throated, Eulampis holosericeus
    Purple-throated, Eulampis jugularis
CATBIRD, Black, Melanoptila glabrirostris
    Gray, Dumetella carolinensis
CHAFFINCH, Common, Fringilla coelebs
CHAT, Yellow-breasted, Icteria virens
CHICKADEE, Black-capped, Poecile atricapillus
    Boreal, Poecile hudsonicus
    Carolina, Poecile carolinensis
    Chestnut-backed, Poecile rufescens
    Gray-headed, Poecile cinctus
    Mexican, Poecile sclateri
    Mountain, Poecile gambeli
CHIFFCHAFF, Common, Phylloscopus collybita
CHUCK-WILL'S-WIDOW, Antrostomus carolinensis
CONDOR, California, Gymnogyps californianus
COOT, American, Fulica americana
    Eurasian, Fulica atra
    Hawaiian, Fulica alai
CORMORANT, Brandt's, Phalacrocorax penicillatus
    Double-crested, Phalacrocorax auritus
    Great, Phalacrocorax carbo
    Little Pied, Phalacrocorax melanoleucos
    Neotropic, Phalacrocorax brasilianus
    Pelagic, Phalacrocorax pelagicus
    Red-faced, Phalacrocorax urile
COWBIRD, Bronzed, Molothrus aeneus
    Brown-headed, Molothrus ater
    Shiny, Molothrus bonariensis
CRAKE, Corn, Crex crex
    Paint-billed, Neocrex erythrops
    Spotless, Porzana tabuensis
    Yellow-breasted, Hapalocrex flaviventer
CRANE, Common, Grus grus
    Sandhill, Antigone canadensis
    Whooping, Grus americana
CREEPER, Brown, Certhia americana
    Hawaii, Loxops mana
CROSSBILL, Cassia, Loxia sinesciuris
    Red, Loxia curvirostra
    White-winged, Loxia leucoptera
CROW, American, Corvus brachyrhynchos
    Fish, Corvus ossifragus
    Hawaiian, Corvus hawaiiensis
    Mariana, Corvus kubaryi
    Northwestern, Corvus caurinus
    Tamaulipas, Corvus imparatus
    White-necked, Corvus leucognaphalus
CUCKOO, Black-billed, Coccyzus erythropthalmus
    Common, Cuculus canorus
    Mangrove, Coccyzus minor
    Oriental, Cuculus optatus
    Yellow-billed, Coccyzus americanus
CURLEW, Bristle-thighed, Numenius tahitiensis
    Eskimo, Numenius borealis
    Eurasian, Numenius arquata
    Far Eastern, Numenius madagascariensis
    Little, Numenius minutus
    Long-billed, Numenius americanus
DICKCISSEL, Spiza americana
DIPPER, American, Cinclus mexicanus
DOTTEREL, Eurasian, Charadrius morinellus
DOVE, Common Ground, Columbina passerina
    Inca, Columbina inca

[[Page 13]]

    Mourning, Zenaida macroura
    Ruddy Ground, Columbina talpacoti
    White-tipped, Leptotila verreauxi
    White-winged, Zenaida asiatica
    Zenaida, Zenaida aurita
DOVEKIE, Alle alle
DOWITCHER, Long-billed, Limnodromus scolopaceus
    Short-billed, Limnodromus griseus
DUCK, American Black, Anas rubripes
    Eastern Spot-billed, Anas zonorhyncha
    Falcated, Mareca falcata
    Harlequin, Histrionicus histrionicus
    Hawaiian, Anas wyvilliana
    Laysan, Anas laysanensis
    Long-tailed, Clangula hyemalis
    Masked, Nomonyx dominicus
    Mottled, Anas fulvigula
    Muscovy, Cairina moschata
    Pacific Black, Anas superciliosa
    Ring-necked, Aythya collaris
    Ruddy, Oxyura jamaicensis
    Tufted, Aythya fuligula
    Wood, Aix sponsa
DUNLIN, Calidris alpina
EAGLE, Bald, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
    Golden, Aquila chrysaetos
    White-tailed, Haliaeetus albicilla
EGRET, Cattle, Bubulcus ibis
    Chinese, Egretta eulophotes
    Great, Ardea alba
    Intermediate, Ardea intermedia
    Little, Egretta garzetta
    Reddish, Egretta rufescens
    Snowy, Egretta thula
EIDER, Common, Somateria mollissima
    King, Somateria spectabilis
    Spectacled, Somateria fischeri
    Steller's, Polysticta stelleri
ELAENIA, Caribbean, Elaenia martinica
    Greenish, Myiopagis viridicata
    White-crested, Elaenia albiceps
EMERALD, Puerto Rican, Chlorostilbon maugaeus
EUPHONIA, Antillean, Euphonia musica
FALCON, Amur, Falco amurensis
    Aplomado, Falco femoralis
    Peregrine, Falco peregrinus
    Prairie, Falco mexicanus
    Red-footed, Falco vespertinus
FIELDFARE, Turdus pilaris
FINCH, Cassin's, Haemorhous cassinii
    House, Haemorhous mexicanus
    Laysan, Telespiza cantans
    Nihoa, Telespiza ultima
    Purple, Haemorhous purpureus
FLAMINGO, American, Phoenicopterus ruber
FLICKER, Gilded, Colaptes chrysoides
    Northern, Colaptes auratus
FLYCATCHER, Acadian, Empidonax virescens
    Alder, Empidonax alnorum
    Ash-throated, Myiarchus cinerascens
    Asian Brown, Muscicapa dauurica
    Brown-crested, Myiarchus tyrannulus
    Buff-breasted, Empidonax fulvifrons
    Cordilleran, Empidonax occidentalis
    Crowned Slaty, Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus
    Dark-sided, Muscicapa sibirica
    Dusky, Empidonax oberholseri
    Dusky-capped, Myiarchus tuberculifer
    Fork-tailed, Tyrannus savana
    Gray, Empidonax wrightii
    Gray-streaked, Muscicapa griseisticta
    Great Crested, Myiarchus crinitus
    Hammond's, Empidonax hammondii
    La Sagra's, Myiarchus sagrae
    Least, Empidonax minimus
    Mugimaki, Ficedula mugimaki
    Narcissus, Ficedula narcissina
    Nutting's, Myiarchus nuttingi
    Olive-sided, Contopus cooperi
    Pacific-slope, Empidonax difficilis
    Pine, Empidonax affinis
    Piratic, Legatus leucophaius
    Puerto Rican, Myiarchus antillarum
    Scissor-tailed, Tyrannus forficatus
    Social, Myiozetetes similis
    Spotted, Muscicapa striata
    Sulphur-bellied, Myiodynastes luteiventris
    Taiga, Ficedula albicilla
    Tufted, Mitrephanes phaeocercus
    Variegated, Empidonomus varius
    Vermilion, Pyrocephalus rubinus
    Willow, Empidonax traillii
    Yellow-bellied, Empidonax flaviventris
FOREST-FALCON, Collared, Micrastur semitorquatus
FRIGATEBIRD, Great, Fregata minor
    Lesser, Fregata ariel
    Magnificent, Fregata magnificens
FRUIT-DOVE, Crimson-crowned, Ptilinopus porphyraceus
    Many-colored, Ptilinopus perousii
    Mariana, Ptilinopus roseicapilla
FULMAR, Northern, Fulmarus glacialis
GADWALL, Mareca strepera
GALLINULE, Azure, Porphyrio flavirostris
    Common, Gallinula galeata
    Purple, Porphyrio martinicus
GANNET, Northern, Morus bassanus
GARGANEY, Spatula querquedula
GNATCATCHER, Black-capped, Polioptila nigriceps
    Black-tailed, Polioptila melanura
    Blue-Gray, Polioptila caerulea
    California, Polioptila californica
GODWIT, Bar-tailed, Limosa lapponica
    Black-tailed, Limosa limosa
    Hudsonian, Limosa haemastica
    Marbled, Limosa fedoa
GOLDENEYE, Barrow's, Bucephala islandica
    Common, Bucephala clangula
GOLDEN-PLOVER, American, Pluvialis dominica
    European, Pluvialis apricaria
    Pacific, Pluvialis fulva
GOLDFINCH, American, Spinus tristis
    Lawrence's, Spinus lawrencei
    Lesser, Spinus psaltria
GOOSE, Barnacle, Branta leucopsis
    Cackling, Branta hutchinsii
    Canada, Branta canadensis
    Emperor, Anser canagicus
    Greater White-fronted, Anser albifrons

[[Page 14]]

    Hawaiian, Branta sandvicensis
    Lesser White-fronted, Anser erythropus
    Pink-footed, Anser brachyrhynchus
    Ross's, Anser rossii
    Snow, Anser caerulescens
GOSHAWK, Northern, Accipiter gentilis
GRACKLE, Boat-tailed, Quiscalus major
    Common, Quiscalus quiscula
    Greater Antillean, Quiscalus niger
    Great-tailed, Quiscalus mexicanus
GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER, Middendorff's, Locustella ochotensis
GRASSQUIT, Black-faced, Melanospiza bicolor
    Yellow-faced, Tiaris olivaceus
GREBE, Clark's, Aechmophorus clarkii
    Eared, Podiceps nigricollis
    Horned, Podiceps auritus
    Least, Tachybaptus dominicus
    Pied-billed, Podilymbus podiceps
    Red-necked, Podiceps grisegena
    Western, Aechmophorus occidentalis
GREENFINCH, Oriental, Chloris sinica
GREENSHANK, Common, Tringa nebularia
    Nordmann's, Tringa guttifer
GROSBEAK, Black-headed, Pheucticus melanocephalus
    Blue, Passerina caerulea
    Crimson-collared, Rhodothraupis celaeno
    Evening, Coccothraustes vespertinus
    Pine, Pinicola enucleator
    Rose-breasted, Pheucticus ludovicianus
    Yellow, Pheucticus chrysopeplus
GROUND-DOVE, Shy, Alopecoenas stairi
    White-throated, Alopecoenas xanthonurus
GUILLEMOT, Black, Cepphus grylle
    Pigeon, Cepphus columba
GULL, Belcher's, Larus belcheri
    Black-headed, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
    Black-tailed, Larus crassirostris
    Bonaparte's, Chroicocephalus philadelphia
    California, Larus californicus
    Franklin's, Leucophaeus pipixcan
    Glaucous, Larus hyperboreus
    Glaucous-winged, Larus glaucescens
    Gray-hooded, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus
    Great Black-backed, Larus marinus
    Heermann's, Larus heermanni
    Herring, Larus argentatus
    Iceland, Larus glaucoides
    Ivory, Pagophila eburnea
    Kelp, Larus dominicanus
    Laughing, Leucophaeus atricilla
    Lesser Black-backed, Larus fuscus
    Little, Hydrocoloeus minutus
    Mew, Larus canus
    Ring-billed, Larus delawarensis
    Ross's, Rhodostethia rosea
    Sabine's, Xema sabini
    Slaty-backed, Larus schistisagus
    Swallow-tailed, Creagrus furcatus
    Western, Larus occidentalis
    Yellow-footed, Larus livens
    Yellow-legged, Larus michahellis
GYRFALCON, Falco rusticolus
HARRIER, Northern, Circus hudsonius
HAWFINCH, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
HAWK, Broad-winged, Buteo platypterus
    Common Black, Buteogallus anthracinus
    Cooper's, Accipiter cooperii
    Crane, Geranospiza caerulescens
    Ferruginous, Buteo regalis
    Gray, Buteo plagiatus
    Great Black, Buteogallus urubitinga
    Harris's, Parabuteo unicinctus
    Hawaiian, Buteo solitarius
    Red-shouldered, Buteo lineatus
    Red-tailed, Buteo jamaicensis
    Roadside, Rupornis magnirostris
    Rough-legged, Buteo lagopus
    Sharp-shinned, Accipiter striatus
    Short-tailed, Buteo brachyurus
    Swainson's, Buteo swainsoni
    White-tailed, Geranoaetus albicaudatus
    Zone-tailed, Buteo albonotatus
HAWK-CUCKOO, Hodgson's, Hierococcyx nisicolor
HERON, Gray, Ardea cinerea
    Great Blue, Ardea herodias
    Green, Butorides virescens
    Little Blue, Egretta caerulea
    Tricolored, Egretta tricolor
HOBBY, Eurasian, Falco subbuteo
HONEYCREEPER, Laysan, Himatione fraithii
    Red-legged, Cyanerpes cyaneus
HOOPOE, Eurasian, Upupa epops
HOUSE-MARTIN, Common, Delichon urbicum
HUMMINGBIRD, Allen's, Selasphorus sasin
    Anna's, Calypte anna
    Antillean Crested, Orthorhyncus cristatus
    Berylline, Amazilia beryllina
    Black-chinned, Archilochus alexandri
    Broad-billed, Cynanthus latirostris
    Broad-tailed, Selasphorus platycercus
    Buff-bellied, Amazilia yucatanensis
    Bumblebee, Atthis heloisa
    Calliope, Selasphorus calliope
    Cinnamon, Amazilia rutila
    Costa's, Calypte costae
    Lucifer, Calothorax lucifer
    Rivoli's, Eugenes fulgens
    Ruby-throated, Archilochus colubris
    Rufous, Selasphorus rufus
    Vervain, Mellisuga minima
    Violet-crowned, Amazilia violiceps
    White-eared, Hylocharis leucotis
    Xantus's, Hylocharis xantusii
IBIS, Glossy, Plegadis falcinellus
    Scarlet, Eudocimus ruber
    White, Eudocimus albus
    White-faced, Plegadis chihi
'I'IWI, Drepanis coccinea
IMPERIAL-PIGEON, Pacific, Ducula pacifica
JABIRU, Jabiru mycteria
JACANA, Northern, Jacana spinosa
JACKDAW, Eurasian, Corvus monedula
JAEGER, Long-tailed, Stercorarius longicaudus
    Parasitic, Stercorarius parasiticus
    Pomarine, Stercorarius pomarinus
JAY, Blue, Cyanocitta cristata
    Brown, Psilorhinus morio
    Canada, Perisoreus canadensis
    Green, Cyanocorax yncas

[[Page 15]]

    Mexican, Aphelocoma wollweberi
    Pinyon, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
    Steller's, Cyanocitta stelleri
JUNCO, Dark-eyed, Junco hyemalis
    Yellow-eyed, Junco phaeonotus
K[Amacr]K[Amacr]WAHIE, Paroreomyza flammea
K[Amacr]MA`O, Myadestes myadestinus
KESTREL, American, Falco sparverius
    Eurasian, Falco tinnunculus
KILLDEER, Charadrius vociferus
KINGBIRD, Cassin's, Tyrannus vociferans
    Couch's, Tyrannus couchii
    Eastern, Tyrannus tyrannus
    Gray, Tyrannus dominicensis
    Loggerhead, Tyrannus caudifasciatus
    Thick-billed, Tyrannus crassirostris
    Tropical, Tyrannus melancholicus
    Western, Tyrannus verticalis
KINGFISHER, Amazon, Chloroceryle amazona
    Belted, Megaceryle alcyon
    Common, Alcedo atthis
    Green, Chloroceryle americana
    Guam, Todiramphus cinnamominus
    Mariana, Todiramphus albicilla
    Pacific, Todiramphus sacer
    Ringed, Megaceryle torquata
KINGLET, Golden-crowned, Regulus satrapa
    Ruby-crowned, Regulus calendula
KISKADEE, Great, Pitangus sulphuratus
KITE, Black, Milvus migrans
    Double-toothed, Harpagus bidentatus
    Hook-billed, Chondrohierax uncinatus
    Mississippi, Ictinia mississippiensis
    Snail, Rostrhamus sociabilis
    Swallow-tailed, Elanoides forficatus
    White-tailed, Elanus leucurus
KITTIWAKE, Black-legged, Rissa tridactyla
    Red-legged, Rissa brevirostris
KNOT, Great, Calidris tenuirostris
    Red, Calidris canutus
KOEL, Long-tailed, Urodynamis taitensis
LAPWING, Northern, Vanellus vanellus
LARK, Horned, Eremophila alpestris
LIMPKIN, Aramus guarauna
LIZARD-CUCKOO, Puerto Rican, Coccyzus vieilloti
LONGSPUR, Chestnut-collared, Calcarius ornatus
    Lapland, Calcarius lapponicus
    McCown's, Rhynchophanes mccownii
    Smith's, Calcarius pictus
LOON, Arctic, Gavia arctica
    Common, Gavia immer
    Pacific, Gavia pacifica
    Red-throated, Gavia stellata
    Yellow-billed, Gavia adamsii
MAGPIE, Black-billed, Pica hudsonia
    Yellow-billed, Pica nuttalli
MALLARD, Anas platyrhynchos
MANGO, Antillean, Anthracothorax dominicus
    Green, Anthracothorax viridis
    Green-breasted, Anthracothorax prevostii
MARSH-HARRIER, Eastern, Circus spilonotus
MARTIN, Brown-chested, Progne tapera
    Caribbean, Progne dominicensis
    Cuban, Progne cryptoleuca
    Gray-breasted, Progne chalybea
    Purple, Progne subis
    Southern, Progne elegans
MEADOWLARK, Eastern, Sturnella magna
    Western, Sturnella neglecta
MERGANSER, Common, Mergus merganser
    Hooded, Lophodytes cucullatus
    Red-breasted, Mergus serrator
MERLIN, Falco columbarius
MILLERBIRD, Acrocephalus familiaris
MOCKINGBIRD, Bahama, Mimus gundlachii
    Blue, Melanotis caerulescens
    Northern, Mimus polyglottos
MOORHEN, Common, Gallinula chloropus
MOUNTAIN-GEM, Amethyst-throated, Lampornis amethystinus
    Blue-throated, Lampornis clemenciae
MURRE, Common, Uria aalge
    Thick-billed, Uria lomvia
MURRELET, Ancient, Synthliboramphus antiquus
    Craveri's, Synthliboramphus craveri
    Guadalupe, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
    Kittlitz's, Brachyramphus brevirostris
    Long-billed, Brachyramphus perdix
    Marbled, Brachyramphus marmoratus
    Scripps's, Synthliboramphus scrippsi
NEEDLETAIL, White-throated, Hirundapus caudacutus
NIGHTHAWK, Antillean, Chordeiles gundlachii
    Common, Chordeiles minor
    Lesser, Chordeiles acutipennis
NIGHT-HERON, Black-crowned, Nycticorax nycticorax
    Japanese, Gorsachius goisagi
    Malayan, Gorsachius melanolophus
    Rufous, Nycticorax caledonicus
    Yellow-crowned, Nyctanassa violacea
NIGHTINGALE-THRUSH, Black-headed, Catharus mexicanus
    Orange-billed, Catharus aurantiirostris
NIGHTJAR, Buff-collared, Antrostomus ridgwayi
    Gray, Caprimulgus jotaka
    Puerto Rican, Antrostomus noctitherus
    White-tailed, Hydropsalis cayennensis
NODDY, Black, Anous minutus
    Blue-gray, Anous ceruleus
    Brown, Anous stolidus
NUKUPU'U, Kauai, Hemignathus hanapepe
    Maui, Hemignathus affinis
    O'ahu, Hemignathus lucidus
NUTCRACKER, Clark's, Nucifraga columbiana
NUTHATCH, Brown-headed, Sitta pusilla
    Pygmy, Sitta pygmaea
    Red-breasted, Sitta canadensis
    White-breasted, Sitta carolinensis
OLOMA'O, Myadestes lanaiensis
'[Omacr]MA'O, Myadestes obscurus
ORIOLE, Altamira, Icterus gularis
    Audubon's, Icterus graduacauda
    Baltimore, Icterus galbula
    Black-backed, Icterus abeillei
    Black-vented, Icterus wagleri
    Bullock's, Icterus bullockii
    Hooded, Icterus cucullatus

[[Page 16]]

    Orchard, Icterus spurius
    Puerto Rican, Icterus portoricensis
    Scott's, Icterus parisorum
    Streak-backed, Icterus pustulatus
OSPREY, Pandion haliaetus
'[Omacr] '[Umacr], Psittirostra psittacea
OVENBIRD, Seiurus aurocapilla
OWL, Barn, Tyto alba
    Barred, Strix varia
    Boreal, Aegolius funereus
    Burrowing, Athene cunicularia
    Elf, Micrathene whitneyi
    Flammulated, Psiloscops flammeolus
    Great Gray, Strix nebulosa
    Great Horned, Bubo virginianus
    Long-eared, Asio otus
    Mottled, Ciccaba virgata
    Northern Hawk, Surnia ulula
    Northern Saw-whet, Aegolius acadicus
    Short-eared, Asio flammeus
    Snowy, Bubo scandiacus
    Spotted, Strix occidentalis
    Stygian, Asio stygius
OYSTERCATCHER, American, Haematopus palliatus
    Black, Haematopus bachmani
    Eurasian, Haematopus ostralegus
PALILA, Loxioides bailleui
PALM-SWIFT, Antillean, Tachornis phoenicobia
PARROTBILL, Maui, Pseudonestor xanthophrys
PARULA, Northern, Setophaga americana
    Tropical, Setophaga pitiayumi
PAURAQUE, Common, Nyctidromus albicollis
PELICAN, American White, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
    Brown, Pelecanus occidentalis
PETREL, Bermuda, Pterodroma cahow
    Black-capped, Pterodroma hasitata
    Black-winged, Pterodroma nigripennis
    Bonin, Pterodroma hypoleuca
    Bulwer's, Bulweria bulwerii
    Cook's, Pterodroma cookii
    Fea's, Pterodroma feae
    Gould's, Pterodroma leucoptera
    Gray-faced, Pterodroma gouldi
    Hawaiian, Pterodroma sandwichensis
    Herald, Pterodroma heraldica
    Jouanin's, Bulweria fallax
    Juan Fernandez, Pterodroma externa
    Kermadec, Pterodroma neglecta
    Mottled, Pterodroma inexpectata
    Murphy's, Pterodroma ultima
    Parkinson's, Procellaria parkinsoni
    Phoenix, Pterodroma alba
    Providence, Pterodroma solandri
    Stejneger's, Pterodroma longirostris
    Tahiti, Pseudobulweria rostrata
    Trindade, Pterodroma arminjoniana
    White-chinned, Procellaria aequinoctialis
    White-necked, Pterodroma cervicalis
    Zino's, Pterodroma madeira
PEWEE, Cuban, Contopus caribaeus
    Greater, Contopus pertinax
    Hispaniolan, Contopus hispaniolensis
    Lesser Antillean, Contopus latirostris
PHAINOPEPLA, Phainopepla nitens
PHALAROPE, Red, Phalaropus fulicarius
    Red-necked, Phalaropus lobatus
    Wilson's, Phalaropus tricolor
PHOEBE, Black, Sayornis nigricans
    Eastern, Sayornis phoebe
    Say's, Sayornis saya
PIGEON, Band-tailed, Patagioenas fasciata
    Plain, Patagioenas inornata
    Red-billed, Patagioenas flavirostris
    Scaly-naped, Patagioenas squamosa
    White-crowned, Patagioenas leucocephala
PINTAIL, Northern, Anas acuta
    White-cheeked, Anas bahamensis
PIPIT, American, Anthus rubescens
    Olive-backed, Anthus hodgsoni
    Pechora, Anthus gustavi
    Red-throated, Anthus cervinus
    Sprague's, Anthus spragueii
    Tree, Anthus trivialis
PLOVER, Black-bellied, Pluvialis squatarola
    Collared, Charadrius collaris
    Common Ringed, Charadrius hiaticula
    Kentish, Charadrius alexandrinus
    Little Ringed, Charadrius dubius
    Mountain, Charadrius montanus
    Piping, Charadrius melodus
    Semipalmated, Charadrius semipalmatus
    Snowy, Charadrius nivosus
    Wilson's, Charadrius wilsonia
POCHARD, Baer's, Aythya baeri
    Common, Aythya ferina
POND-HERON, Chinese, Ardeola bacchus
POORWILL, Common, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii
PO'OULI, Melamprosops phaeosoma
PUAIOHI, Myadestes palmeri
PUFFIN, Atlantic, Fratercula arctica
    Horned, Fratercula corniculata
    Tufted, Fratercula cirrhata
PYGMY-OWL, Ferruginous, Glaucidium brasilianum
    Northern, Glaucidium gnoma
PYRRHULOXIA, Cardinalis sinuatus
QUAIL-DOVE, Bridled, Geotrygon mystacea
    Key West, Geotrygon chrysia
    Ruddy, Geotrygon montana
QUETZAL, Eared, Euptilotis neoxenus
RAIL, Black, Laterallus jamaicensis
    Buff-banded, Gallirallus philippensis
    Clapper, Rallus crepitans
    Guam, Gallirallus owstoni
    King, Rallus elegans
    Ridgway's, Rallus obsoletus
    Spotted, Pardirallus maculatus
    Virginia, Rallus limicola
    Yellow, Coturnicops noveboracensis
RAVEN, Chihuahuan, Corvus cryptoleucus
    Common, Corvus corax
RAZORBILL, Alca torda
REDHEAD, Aythya americana
REDPOLL, Common, Acanthis flammea
    Hoary, Acanthis hornemanni
REDSHANK, Common, Tringa totanus
    Spotted, Tringa erythropus
REDSTART, American, Setophaga ruticilla
    Common, Phoenicurus phoenicurus

[[Page 17]]

    Painted, Myioborus pictus
    Slate-throated, Myioborus miniatus
REDWING, Turdus iliacus
REEF-HERON, Pacific, Egretta sacra
    Western, Egretta gularis
ROADRUNNER, Greater, Geococcyx californianus
ROBIN, American, Turdus migratorius
    European, Erithacus rubecula
    Rufous-backed, Turdus rufopalliatus
    Rufous-tailed, Larvivora sibilans
    Siberian Blue, Larvivora cyane
ROCK-THRUSH, Blue, Monticola solitarius
ROSEFINCH, Common, Carpodacus erythrinus
    Pallas's, Carpodacus roseus
ROSY-FINCH, Asian, Leucosticte arctoa
    Black, Leucosticte atrata
    Brown-capped, Leucosticte australis
    Gray-crowned, Leucosticte tephrocotis
RUBYTHROAT, Siberian, Calliope calliope
RUFF, Calidris pugnax
SANDERLING, Calidris alba
SANDPIPER, Baird's, Calidris bairdii
    Broad-billed, Calidris falcinellus
    Buff-breasted, Calidris subruficollis
    Common, Actitis hypoleucos
    Curlew, Calidris ferruginea
    Green, Tringa ochropus
    Least, Calidris minutilla
    Marsh, Tringa stagnatilis
    Pectoral, Calidris melanotos
    Purple, Calidris maritima
    Rock, Calidris ptilocnemis
    Semipalmated, Calidris pusilla
    Sharp-tailed, Calidris acuminata
    Solitary, Tringa solitaria
    Spoon-billed, Calidris pygmea
    Spotted, Actitis macularius
    Stilt, Calidris himantopus
    Terek, Xenus cinereus
    Upland, Bartramia longicauda
    Western, Calidris mauri
    White-rumped, Calidris fuscicollis
    Wood, Tringa glareola
SAND-PLOVER, Greater, Charadrius leschenaultii
    Lesser, Charadrius mongolus
SAPSUCKER, Red-breasted, Sphyrapicus ruber
    Red-naped, Sphyrapicus nuchalis
    Williamson's, Sphyrapicus thyroideus
    Yellow-bellied, Sphyrapicus varius
SCAUP, Greater, Aythya marila
    Lesser, Aythya affinis
SCOPS-OWL, Oriental, Otus sunia
SCOTER, Black, Melanitta americana
    Common, Melanitta nigra
    Stejneger's, Melanitta stejnegeri
    Surf, Melanitta perspicillata
    White-winged, Melanitta deglandi
SCREECH-OWL, Eastern, Megascops asio
    Puerto Rican, Megascops nudipes
    Western, Megascops kennicottii
    Whiskered, Megascops trichopsis
SCRUB-JAY, California, Aphelocoma californica
    Florida, Aphelocoma coerulescens
    Island, Aphelocoma insularis
    Woodhouse's, Aphelocoma woodhouseii
SEA-EAGLE, Steller's, Haliaeetus pelagicus
SEEDEATER, Morelet's, Sporophila morelleti
SHEARWATER, Audubon's, Puffinus lherminieri
    Barolo, Puffinus baroli
    Black-vented, Puffinus opisthomelas
    Bryan's, Puffinus bryani
    Buller's, Ardenna bulleri
    Cape Verde, Calonectris edwardsii
    Christmas, Puffinus nativitatis
    Cory's, Calonectris diomedea
    Flesh-footed, Ardenna carneipes
    Great, Ardenna gravis
    Manx, Puffinus puffinus
    Newell's, Puffinus newelli
    Pink-footed, Ardenna creatopus
    Short-tailed, Ardenna tenuirostris
    Sooty, Ardenna grisea
    Streaked, Calonectris leucomelas
    Wedge-tailed, Ardenna pacifica
SHOVELER, Northern, Spatula clypeata
SHRIKE, Brown, Lanius cristatus
    Loggerhead, Lanius ludovicianus
    Northern, Lanius borealis
SILKY-FLYCATCHER, Gray, Ptiliogonys cinereus
SISKIN, Eurasian, Spinus spinus
    Pine, Spinus pinus
SKIMMER, Black, Rynchops niger
SKUA, Great, Stercorarius skua
    South Polar, Stercorarius maccormicki
SKYLARK, Eurasian, Alauda arvensis
SMEW, Mergellus albellus
SNIPE, Common, Gallinago gallinago
    Jack, Lymnocryptes minimus
    Pin-tailed, Gallinago stenura
    Solitary, Gallinago solitaria
    Swinhoe's, Gallinago megala
    Wilson's, Gallinago delicata
SOLITAIRE, Brown-backed, Myadestes occidentalis
    Townsend's, Myadestes townsendi
SORA, Porzana carolina
SPARROW, American Tree, Spizelloides arborea
    Bachman's, Peucaea aestivalis
    Baird's, Centronyx bairdii
    Bell's, Artemisiospiza belli
    Black-chinned, Spizella atrogularis
    Black-throated, Amphispiza bilineata
    Botteri's, Peucaea botterii
    Brewer's, Spizella breweri
    Cassin's, Peucaea cassinii
    Chipping, Spizella passerina
    Clay-colored, Spizella pallida
    Field, Spizella pusilla
    Five-striped, Amphispiza quinquestriata
    Fox, Passerella iliaca
    Golden-crowned, Zonotrichia atricapilla
    Grasshopper, Ammodramus savannarum
    Harris's, Zonotrichia querula
    Henslow's, Centronyx henslowii
    Lark, Chondestes grammacus
    LeConte's, Ammospiza leconteii

[[Page 18]]

    Lincoln's, Melospiza lincolnii
    Nelson's, Ammospiza nelsoni
    Olive, Arremonops rufivirgatus
    Rufous-crowned, Aimophila ruficeps
    Rufous-winged, Peucaea carpalis
    Sagebrush, Artemisiospiza nevadensis
    Saltmarsh, Ammospiza caudacuta
    Savannah, Passerculus sandwichensis
    Seaside, Ammospiza maritima
    Song, Melospiza melodia
    Swamp, Melospiza georgiana
    Vesper, Pooecetes gramineus
    White-crowned, Zonotrichia leucophrys
    White-throated, Zonotrichia albicollis
    Worthen's, Spizella wortheni
SPARROWHAWK, Chinese, Accipiter soloensis
    Japanese, Accipiter gularis
SPINDALIS, Puerto Rican, Spindalis portoricensis
    Western, Spindalis zena
SPOONBILL, Roseate, Platalea ajaja
STARLING, Chestnut-cheeked, Agropsar philippensis
    White-cheeked, Spodiopsar cineraceus
STARTHROAT, Plain-capped, Heliomaster constantii
STILT, Black-necked, Himantopus mexicanus
    Black-winged, Himantopus himantopus
STINT, Little, Calidris minuta
    Long-toed, Calidris subminuta
    Red-necked, Calidris ruficollis
    Temminck's, Calidris temminckii
STONECHAT, Saxicola torquatus
STORK, Wood, Mycteria americana
STORM-PETREL, Ashy, Hydrobates homochroa
    Band-rumped, Hydrobates castro
    Black, Hydrobates melania
    Black-bellied, Fregetta tropica
    European, Hydrobates pelagicus
    Fork-tailed, Hydrobates furcatus
    Leach's, Hydrobates leucorhous
    Least, Hydrobates microsoma
    Matsudaira's, Oceanodroma matsudairae
    Polynesian, Nesofregetta fuliginosa
    Ringed, Hydrobates hornbyi
    Swinhoe's, Hydrobates monorhis
    Townsend's, Hydrobates socorroensis
    Tristram's, Hydrobates tristrami
    Wedge-rumped, Hydrobates tethys
    White-bellied, Fregetta grallaria
    White-faced, Pelagodroma marina
    Wilson's, Oceanites oceanicus
SURFBIRD, Calidris virgata
SWALLOW, Bahama, Tachycineta cyaneoviridis
    Bank, Riparia riparia
    Barn, Hirundo rustica
    Cave, Petrochelidon fulva
    Cliff, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
    Mangrove, Tachycineta albilinea
    Northern Rough-winged, Stelgidopteryx serripennis
    Tree, Tachycineta bicolor
    Violet-green, Tachycineta thalassina
SWAMPHEN, Purple, Porphyrio porphyrio
SWAN, Trumpeter, Cygnus buccinator
    Tundra, Cygnus columbianus
    Whooper, Cygnus cygnus
SWIFT, Alpine, Apus melba
    Black, Cypseloides niger
    Chimney, Chaetura pelagica
    Common, Apus apus
    Fork-tailed, Apus pacificus
    Short-tailed, Chaetura brachyura
    Vaux's, Chaetura vauxi
    White-collared, Streptoprocne zonaris
    White-throated, Aeronautes saxatalis
SWIFTLET, Mariana, Aerodramus bartschi
    White-rumped, Aerodramus spodiopygius
TANAGER, Flame-colored, Piranga bidentata
    Hepatic, Piranga flava
    Puerto Rican, Nesospingus speculiferus
    Scarlet, Piranga olivacea
    Summer, Piranga rubra
    Western, Piranga ludoviciana
TATTLER, Gray-tailed, Tringa brevipes
    Wandering, Tringa incana
TEAL, Baikal, Sibirionetta formosa
    Blue-winged, Spatula discors
    Cinnamon, Spatula cyanoptera
    Green-winged, Anas crecca
TERN, Aleutian, Onychoprion aleuticus
    Arctic, Sterna paradisaea
    Black, Chlidonias niger
    Black-naped, Sterna sumatrana
    Bridled, Onychoprion anaethetus
    Caspian, Hydroprogne caspia
    Common, Sterna hirundo
    Elegant, Thalasseus elegans
    Forster's, Sterna forsteri
    Gray-backed, Onychoprion lunatus
    Great Crested, Thalasseus bergii
    Gull-billed, Gelochelidon nilotica
    Large-billed, Phaetusa simplex
    Least, Sternula antillarum
    Little, Sternula albifrons
    Roseate, Sterna dougallii
    Royal, Thalasseus maximus
    Sandwich, Thalasseus sandvicensis
    Sooty, Onychoprion fuscatus
    Whiskered, Chlidonias hybrida
    White, Gygis alba
    White-winged, Chlidonias leucopterus
THRASHER, Bendire's, Toxostoma bendirei
    Brown, Toxostoma rufum
    California, Toxostoma redivivum
    Crissal, Toxostoma crissale
    Curve-billed, Toxostoma curvirostre
    LeConte's, Toxostoma lecontei
    Long-billed, Toxostoma longirostre
    Pearly-eyed, Margarops fuscatus
    Sage, Oreoscoptes montanus
THRUSH, Aztec, Ridgwayia pinicola
    Bicknell's, Catharus bicknelli
    Clay-colored, Turdus grayi
    Dusky, Turdus naumanni
    Eyebrowed, Turdus obscurus
    Gray-cheeked, Catharus minimus
    Hermit, Catharus guttatus
    Red-legged, Turdus plumbeus
    Swainson's, Catharus ustulatus
    Varied, Ixoreus naevius
    White-throated, Turdus assimilis

[[Page 19]]

    Wood, Hylocichla mustelina
TIGER-HERON, Bare-throated, Tigrisoma mexicanum
TITMOUSE, Black-crested, Baeolophus atricristatus
    Bridled, Baeolophus wollweberi
    Juniper, Baeolophus ridgwayi
    Oak, Baeolophus inornatus
    Tufted, Baeolophus bicolor
TITYRA, Masked, Tityra semifasciata
TOWHEE, Abert's, Melozone aberti
    California, Melozone crissalis
    Canyon, Melozone fusca
    Eastern, Pipilo erythrophthalmus
    Green-tailed, Pipilo chlorurus
    Spotted, Pipilo maculatus
TROGON, Elegant, Trogon elegans
TROPICBIRD, Red-billed, Phaethon aethereus
    Red-tailed, Phaethon rubricauda
    White-tailed, Phaethon lepturus
TURNSTONE, Black, Arenaria melanocephala
    Ruddy, Arenaria interpres
TURTLE-DOVE, Oriental, Streptopelia orientalis
VEERY, Catharus fuscescens
VERDIN, Auriparus flaviceps
VIOLETEAR, Mexican, Colibri thalassinus
VIREO, Bell's, Vireo bellii
    Black-capped, Vireo atricapilla
    Black-whiskered, Vireo altiloquus
    Blue-headed, Vireo solitarius
    Cassin's, Vireo cassinii
    Cuban, Vireo gundlachii
    Gray, Vireo vicinior
    Hutton's, Vireo huttoni
    Philadelphia, Vireo philadelphicus
    Plumbeous, Vireo plumbeus
    Puerto Rican, Vireo latimeri
    Red-eyed, Vireo olivaceus
    Thick-billed, Vireo crassirostris
    Warbling, Vireo gilvus
    White-eyed, Vireo griseus
    Yellow-green, Vireo flavoviridis
    Yellow-throated, Vireo flavifrons
    Yucatan, Vireo magister
VULTURE, Black, Coragyps atratus
    Turkey, Cathartes aura
WAGTAIL, Citrine, Motacilla citreola
    Eastern Yellow, Motacilla tschutschensis
    Gray, Motacilla cinerea
    White, Motacilla alba
WARBLER, Adelaide's, Setophaga adelaidae
    Aguiguan Reed, Acrocephalus nijoi
    Arctic, Phylloscopus borealis
    Bachman's, Vermivora bachmanii
    Bay-breasted, Setophaga castanea
    Black-and-white, Mniotilta varia
    Blackburnian, Setophaga fusca
    Blackpoll, Setophaga striata
    Black-throated Blue, Setophaga caerulescens
    Black-throated Gray, Setophaga nigrescens
    Black-throated Green, Setophaga virens
    Blue-winged, Vermivora cyanoptera
    Blyth's Reed, Acrocephalus dumetorum
    Canada, Cardellina canadensis
    Cape May, Setophaga tigrina
    Cerulean, Setophaga cerulea
    Chestnut-sided, Setophaga pensylvanica
    Colima, Leiothlypis crissalis
    Connecticut, Oporornis agilis
    Crescent-chested, Oreothlypis superciliosa
    Dusky, Phylloscopus fuscatus
    Elfin-woods, Setophaga angelae
    Fan-tailed, Basileuterus lachrymosus
    Golden-cheeked, Setophaga chrysoparia
    Golden-crowned, Basileuterus culicivorus
    Golden-winged, Vermivora chrysoptera
    Grace's, Setophaga graciae
    Hermit, Setophaga occidentalis
    Hooded, Setophaga citrina
    Kamchatka Leaf, Phylloscopus examinandus
    Kentucky, Geothlypis formosa
    Kirtland's, Setophaga kirtlandii
    Lanceolated, Locustella lanceolata
    Lucy's, Leiothlypis luciae
    MacGillivray's, Geothlypis tolmiei
    Magnolia, Setophaga magnolia
    Mourning, Geothlypis philadelphia
    Nashville, Leiothlypis ruficapilla
    Nightingale Reed, Acrocephalus luscinius
    Olive, Peucedramus taeniatus
    Orange-crowned, Leiothlypis celata
    Pagan Reed, Acrocephalus yamashinae
    Pallas's Leaf, Phylloscopus proregulus
    Palm, Setophaga palmarum
    Pine, Setophaga pinus
    Prairie, Setophaga discolor
    Prothonotary, Protonotaria citrea
    Red-faced, Cardellina rubrifrons
    River, Locustella fluviatilis
    Rufous-capped, Basileuterus rufifrons
    Saipan Reed, Acrocephalus hiwae
    Sedge, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
    Swainson's, Limnothlypis swainsonii
    Tennessee, Leiothlypis peregrina
    Thick-billed, Arundinax aedon
    Townsend's, Setophaga townsendi
    Virginia's, Leiothlypis virginiae
    Willow, Phylloscopus trochilus
    Wilson's, Cardellina pusilla
    Wood, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
    Worm-eating, Helmitheros vermivorum
    Yellow, Setophaga petechia
    Yellow-browed, Phylloscopus inornatus
    Yellow-rumped, Setophaga coronata
    Yellow-throated, Setophaga dominica
WATERTHRUSH, Louisiana, Parkesia motacilla
    Northern, Parkesia noveboracensis
WAXWING, Bohemian, Bombycilla garrulus
    Cedar, Bombycilla cedrorum
WHEATEAR, Northern, Oenanthe oenanthe
    Pied, Oenanthe pleschanka
WHIMBREL, Numenius phaeopus
WHIP-POOR-WILL, Eastern, Antrostomus vociferus
    Mexican, Antrostomus arizonae
WHISTLING-DUCK, Black-bellied, Dendrocygna autumnalis
    Fulvous, Dendrocygna bicolor
    West Indian, Dendrocygna arborea
WHITETHROAT, Lesser, Sylvia curruca
WIGEON, American, Mareca americana

[[Page 20]]

    Eurasian, Mareca penelope
WILLET, Tringa semipalmata
WOODCOCK, American, Scolopax minor
    Eurasian, Scolopax rusticola
WOODPECKER, Acorn, Melanerpes formicivorus
    American Three-toed, Picoides dorsalis
    Arizona, Dryobates arizonae
    Black-backed, Picoides arcticus
    Downy, Dryobates pubescens
    Gila, Melanerpes uropygialis
    Golden-fronted, Melanerpes aurifrons
    Great Spotted, Dendrocopos major
    Hairy, Dryobates villosus
    Ivory-billed, Campephilus principalis
    Ladder-backed, Dryobates scalaris
    Lewis's, Melanerpes lewis
    Nuttall's, Dryobates nuttallii
    Pileated, Dryocopus pileatus
    Puerto Rican, Melanerpes portoricensis
    Red-bellied, Melanerpes carolinus
    Red-cockaded, Dryobates borealis
    Red-headed, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
    White-headed, Dryobates albolarvatus
WOOD-PEWEE, Eastern, Contopus virens
    Western, Contopus sordidulus
WOOD-RAIL, Rufous-necked, Aramides axillaris
WOODSTAR, Bahama, Nesophlox evelynae
WREN, Bewick's, Thryomanes bewickii
    Cactus, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus
    Canyon, Catherpes mexicanus
    Carolina, Thryothorus ludovicianus
    House, Troglodytes aedon
    Marsh, Cistothorus palustris
    Pacific, Troglodytes pacificus
    Rock, Salpinctes obsoletus
    Sedge, Cistothorus platensis
    Sinaloa, Thryophilus sinaloa
    Winter, Troglodytes hiemalis
WRENTIT, Chamaea fasciata
WRYNECK, Eurasian, Jynx torquilla
YELLOWLEGS, Greater, Tringa melanoleuca
    Lesser, Tringa flavipes
YELLOWTHROAT, Common, Geothlypis trichas
    Gray-crowned, Geothlypis poliocephala

    (2) Taxonomic listing. Species are listed in phylogenetic sequence 
by scientific name, with the common (English) name following the 
scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also list the 
higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and Subfamily.

Order ANSERIFORMES
Family ANATIDAE
Subfamily DENDROCYGNINAE
    Dendrocygna autumnalis, Black-bellied Whistling-Duck
    Dendrocygna arborea, West Indian Whistling-Duck
    Dendrocygna bicolor, Fulvous Whistling-Duck
Subfamily ANSERINAE
    Anser canagicus, Emperor Goose
    Anser caerulescens, Snow Goose
    Anser rossii, Ross's Goose
    Anser albifrons, Greater White-fronted Goose
    Anser erythropus, Lesser White-fronted Goose
    Anser fabalis, Taiga Bean-Goose
    Anser serrirostris, Tundra Bean-Goose
    Anser brachyrhynchus, Pink-footed Goose
    Branta bernicla, Brant
    Branta leucopsis, Barnacle Goose
    Branta hutchinsii, Cackling Goose
    Branta canadensis, Canada Goose
    Branta sandvicensis, Hawaiian Goose
    Cygnus buccinator, Trumpeter Swan
    Cygnus columbianus, Tundra Swan
    Cygnus cygnus, Whooper Swan
Subfamily ANATINAE
    Cairina moschata, Muscovy Duck
    Aix sponsa, Wood Duck
    Sibirionetta formosa, Baikal Teal
    Spatula querquedula, Garganey
    Spatula discors, Blue-winged Teal
    Spatula cyanoptera, Cinnamon Teal
    Spatula clypeata, Northern Shoveler
    Mareca strepera, Gadwall
    Mareca falcata, Falcated Duck
    Mareca penelope, Eurasian Wigeon
    Mareca americana, American Wigeon
    Anas laysanensis, Laysan Duck
    Anas wyvilliana, Hawaiian Duck
    Anas zonorhyncha, Eastern Spot-billed Duck
    Anas platyrhynchos, Mallard
    Anas rubripes, American Black Duck
    Anas fulvigula, Mottled Duck
    Anas superciliosa, Pacific Black Duck
    Anas bahamensis, White-cheeked Pintail
    Anas acuta, Northern Pintail
    Anas crecca, Green-winged Teal
    Aythya valisineria, Canvasback
    Aythya americana, Redhead
    Aythya ferina, Common Pochard
    Aythya baeri, Baer's Pochard
    Aythya collaris, Ring-necked Duck
    Aythya fuligula, Tufted Duck
    Aythya marila, Greater Scaup
    Aythya affinis, Lesser Scaup
    Polysticta stelleri, Steller's Eider
    Somateria fischeri, Spectacled Eider
    Somateria spectabilis, King Eider
    Somateria mollissima, Common Eider
    Histrionicus histrionicus, Harlequin Duck
    Melanitta perspicillata, Surf Scoter
    Melanitta deglandi, White-winged Scoter
    Melanitta stejnegeri, Stejneger's Scoter
    Melanitta nigra, Common Scoter
Melanitta americana, Black Scoter
Clangula hyemalis, Long-tailed Duck
Bucephala albeola, Bufflehead
    Bucephala clangula, Common Goldeneye
    Bucephala islandica, Barrow's Goldeneye
    Mergellus albellus, Smew
    Lophodytes cucullatus, Hooded Merganser
    Mergus merganser, Common Merganser
    Mergus serrator, Red-breasted Merganser

[[Page 21]]

    Nomonyx dominicus, Masked Duck
    Oxyura jamaicensis, Ruddy Duck
Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMES
Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE
    Phoenicopterus ruber, American Flamingo
Order PODICIPEDIFORMES
Family PODICIPEDIDAE
    Tachybaptus dominicus, Least Grebe
    Podilymbus podiceps, Pied-billed Grebe
    Podiceps auritus, Horned Grebe
    Podiceps grisegena, Red-necked Grebe
    Podiceps nigricollis, Eared Grebe
    Aechmophorus occidentalis, Western Grebe
    Aechmophorus clarkii, Clark's Grebe
Order COLUMBIFORMES
Family COLUMBIDAE
    Patagioenas squamosa, Scaly-naped Pigeon
    Patagioenas leucocephala, White-crowned Pigeon
    Patagioenas flavirostris, Red-billed Pigeon
    Patagioenas inornata, Plain Pigeon
    Patagioenas fasciata, Band-tailed Pigeon
    Streptopelia orientalis, Oriental Turtle-Dove
    Alopecoenas xanthonurus, White-throated Ground-Dove
    Alopecoenas stairi, Shy Ground-Dove
    Columbina inca, Inca Dove
    Columbina passerina, Common Ground Dove
    Columbina talpacoti, Ruddy Ground Dove
    Geotrygon montana, Ruddy Quail-Dove
    Geotrygon chrysia, Key West Quail-Dove
    Geotrygon mystacea, Bridled Quail-Dove
    Leptotila verreauxi, White-tipped Dove
    Zenaida asiatica, White-winged Dove
    Zenaida aurita, Zenaida Dove
    Zenaida macroura, Mourning Dove
    Ptilinopus perousii, Many-colored Fruit-Dove
    Ptilinopus porphyraceus, Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove
    Ptilinopus roseicapilla, Mariana Fruit-Dove
    Ducula pacifica, Pacific Imperial-Pigeon
Order CUCULIFORMES
Family CUCULIDAE
Subfamily CROTOPHAGINAE
    Crotophaga ani, Smooth-billed Ani
    Crotophaga sulcirostris, Groove-billed Ani
Subfamily NEOMORPHINAE
    Geococcyx californianus, Greater Roadrunner
Subfamily CUCULINAE
    Urodynamis taitensis, Long-tailed Koel
    Hierococcyx nisicolor, Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo
    Cuculus canorus, Common Cuckoo
    Cuculus optatus, Oriental Cuckoo
    Coccyzus americanus, Yellow-billed Cuckoo
    Coccyzus minor, Mangrove Cuckoo
    Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Black-billed Cuckoo
    Coccyzus vieilloti, Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo
Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Family CAPRIMULGIDAE
Subfamily CHORDEILINAE
    Chordeiles acutipennis, Lesser Nighthawk
    Chordeiles minor, Common Nighthawk
    Chordeiles gundlachii, Antillean Nighthawk
Subfamily CAPRIMULGINAE
    Nyctidromus albicollis, Common Pauraque
    Phalaenoptilus nuttallii, Common Poorwill
    Antrostomus carolinensis, Chuck-will's-widow
    Antrostomus ridgwayi, Buff-collared Nightjar
    Antrostomus vociferus, Eastern Whip-poor-will
    Antrostomus arizonae, Mexican Whip-poor-will
    Antrostomus noctitherus, Puerto Rican Nightjar
    Hydropsalis cayennensis, White-tailed Nightjar
    Caprimulgus jotaka, Gray Nightjar
Order APODIFORMES
Family APODIDAE
Subfamily CYPSELOIDINAE
    Cypseloides niger, Black Swift
    Streptoprocne zonaris, White-collared Swift
Subfamily CHAETURINAE
    Chaetura pelagica, Chimney Swift
    Chaetura vauxi, Vaux's Swift
    Chaetura brachyura, Short-tailed Swift
    Hirundapus caudacutus, White-throated Needletail
    Aerodramus spodiopygius, White-rumped Swiftlet
    Aerodramus bartschi, Mariana Swiftlet
Subfamily APODINAE
    Apus apus, Common Swift
    Apus pacificus, Fork-tailed Swift
    Apus melba, Alpine Swift
    Aeronautes saxatalis, White-throated Swift
    Tachornis phoenicobia, Antillean Palm-Swift
Family TROCHILIDAE
Subfamily TROCHILINAE
    Colibri thalassinus, Mexican Violetear
    Anthracothorax prevostii, Green-breasted Mango
    Anthracothorax dominicus, Antillean Mango
    Anthracothorax viridis, Green Mango
    Eulampis jugularis, Purple-throated Carib
    Eulampis holosericeus, Green-throated Carib
    Eugenes fulgens, Rivoli's Hummingbird
    Heliomaster constantii, Plain-capped Starthroat
    Lampornis amethystinus, Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem
    Lampornis clemenciae, Blue-throated Mountain-gem
    Calothorax lucifer, Lucifer Hummingbird
    Archilochus colubris, Ruby-throated Hummingbird
    Archilochus alexandri, Black-chinned Hummingbird
    Mellisuga minima, Vervain Hummingbird
    Nesophlox evelynae, Bahama Woodstar
    Calypte anna, Anna's Hummingbird
    Calypte costae, Costa's Hummingbird
    Atthis heloisa, Bumblebee Hummingbird
    Selasphorus platycercus, Broad-tailed Hummingbird
    Selasphorus rufus, Rufous Hummingbird

[[Page 22]]

    Selasphorus sasin, Allen's Hummingbird
    Selasphorus calliope, Calliope Hummingbird
    Chlorostilbon maugaeus, Puerto Rican Emerald
    Cynanthus latirostris, Broad-billed Hummingbird
    Orthorhyncus cristatus, Antillean Crested Hummingbird
    Amazilia beryllina, Berylline Hummingbird
    Amazilia yucatanensis, Buff-bellied Hummingbird
    Amazilia rutila, Cinnamon Hummingbird
    Amazilia violiceps, Violet-crowned Hummingbird
    Hylocharis leucotis, White-eared Hummingbird
    Hylocharis xantusii, Xantus's Hummingbird
Order GRUIFORMES
Family RALLIDAE
    Coturnicops noveboracensis, Yellow Rail
    Laterallus jamaicensis, Black Rail
    Gallirallus philippensis, Buff-banded Rail
    Gallirallus owstoni, Guam Rail
    Crex crex, Corn Crake
    Rallus obsoletus, Ridgway's Rail
    Rallus crepitans, Clapper Rail
    Rallus elegans, King Rail
    Rallus limicola, Virginia Rail
    Aramides axillaris, Rufous-necked Wood-Rail
    Porzana carolina, Sora
    Porzana tabuensis, Spotless Crake
    Hapalocrex flaviventer, Yellow-breasted Crake
    Neocrex erythrops, Paint-billed Crake
    Pardirallus maculatus, Spotted Rail
    Porphyrio martinicus, Purple Gallinule
    Porphyrio flavirostris, Azure Gallinule
    Porphyrio porphyrio, Purple Swamphen
    Gallinula galeata, Common Gallinule
    Gallinula chloropus, Common Moorhen
    Fulica atra, Eurasian Coot
    Fulica alai, Hawaiian Coot
    Fulica americana, American Coot
Family ARAMIDAE
    Aramus guarauna, Limpkin
Family GRUIDAE
Subfamily GRUINAE
    Antigone canadensis, Sandhill Crane
    Grus grus, Common Crane
    Grus americana, Whooping Crane
Order CHARADRIIFORMES
Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE
    Himantopus himantopus, Black-winged Stilt
    Himantopus mexicanus, Black-necked Stilt
    Recurvirostra americana, American Avocet
Family HAEMATOPODIDAE
    Haematopus ostralegus, Eurasian Oystercatcher
    Haematopus palliatus, American Oystercatcher
    Haematopus bachmani, Black Oystercatcher
Family CHARADRIIDAE
Subfamily VANELLINAE
    Vanellus vanellus, Northern Lapwing
Subfamily CHARADRIINAE
    Pluvialis squatarola, Black-bellied Plover
    Pluvialis apricaria, European Golden-Plover
    Pluvialis dominica, American Golden-Plover
    Pluvialis fulva, Pacific Golden-Plover
    Charadrius morinellus, Eurasian Dotterel
    Charadrius vociferus, Killdeer
    Charadrius hiaticula, Common Ringed Plover
    Charadrius semipalmatus, Semipalmated Plover
    Charadrius melodus, Piping Plover
    Charadrius dubius, Little Ringed Plover
    Charadrius mongolus, Lesser Sand-Plover
    Charadrius leschenaultii, Greater Sand-Plover
    Charadrius wilsonia, Wilson's Plover
    Charadrius collaris, Collared Plover
    Charadrius montanus, Mountain Plover
    Charadrius alexandrinus, Kentish Plover
    Charadrius nivosus, Snowy Plover
Family JACANIDAE
    Jacana spinosa, Northern Jacana
Family SCOLOPACIDAE
Subfamily NUMENIINAE
    Bartramia longicauda, Upland Sandpiper
    Numenius tahitiensis, Bristle-thighed Curlew
    Numenius phaeopus, Whimbrel
    Numenius minutus, Little Curlew
    Numenius borealis, Eskimo Curlew
    Numenius americanus, Long-billed Curlew
    Numenius madagascariensis, Far Eastern Curlew
    Numenius arquata, Eurasian Curlew
Subfamily LIMOSINAE
    Limosa lapponica, Bar-tailed Godwit
    Limosa limosa, Black-tailed Godwit
    Limosa haemastica, Hudsonian Godwit
    Limosa fedoa, Marbled Godwit
Subfamily ARENARIINAE
    Arenaria interpres, Ruddy Turnstone
    Arenaria melanocephala, Black Turnstone
    Calidris tenuirostris, Great Knot
    Calidris canutus, Red Knot
    Calidris virgata, Surfbird
    Calidris pugnax, Ruff
    Calidris falcinellus, Broad-billed Sandpiper
    Calidris acuminata, Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
    Calidris himantopus, Stilt Sandpiper
    Calidris ferruginea, Curlew Sandpiper
    Calidris temminckii, Temminck's Stint
    Calidris subminuta, Long-toed Stint
    Calidris pygmea, Spoon-billed Sandpiper
    Calidris ruficollis, Red-necked Stint
    Calidris alba, Sanderling
    Calidris alpina, Dunlin
    Calidris ptilocnemis, Rock Sandpiper
    Calidris maritima, Purple Sandpiper
    Calidris bairdii, Baird's Sandpiper
    Calidris minuta, Little Stint
    Calidris minutilla, Least Sandpiper
    Calidris fuscicollis, White-rumped Sandpiper
    Calidris subruficollis, Buff-breasted Sandpiper
    Calidris melanotos, Pectoral Sandpiper
    Calidris pusilla, Semipalmated Sandpiper
    Calidris mauri, Western Sandpiper
Subfamily SCOLOPACINAE

[[Page 23]]

    Limnodromus griseus, Short-billed Dowitcher
    Limnodromus scolopaceus, Long-billed Dowitcher
    Lymnocryptes minimus, Jack Snipe
    Scolopax rusticola, Eurasian Woodcock
    Scolopax minor, American Woodcock
    Gallinago solitaria, Solitary Snipe
    Gallinago stenura, Pin-tailed Snipe
    Gallinago megala, Swinhoe's Snipe
    Gallinago gallinago, Common Snipe
    Gallinago delicata, Wilson's Snipe
Subfamily TRINGINAE
    Xenus cinereus, Terek Sandpiper
    Actitis hypoleucos, Common Sandpiper
    Actitis macularius, Spotted Sandpiper
    Tringa ochropus, Green Sandpiper
    Tringa solitaria, Solitary Sandpiper
    Tringa brevipes, Gray-tailed Tattler
    Tringa incana, Wandering Tattler
    Tringa flavipes, Lesser Yellowlegs
    Tringa semipalmata, Willet
    Tringa erythropus, Spotted Redshank
    Tringa nebularia, Common Greenshank
    Tringa guttifer, Nordmann's Greenshank
    Tringa melanoleuca, Greater Yellowlegs
    Tringa totanus, Common Redshank
    Tringa glareola, Wood Sandpiper
    Tringa stagnatilis, Marsh Sandpiper
    Phalaropus tricolor, Wilson's Phalarope
    Phalaropus lobatus, Red-necked Phalarope
    Phalaropus fulicarius, Red Phalarope
Family STERCORARIIDAE
    Stercorarius skua, Great Skua
    Stercorarius maccormicki, South Polar Skua
    Stercorarius pomarinus, Pomarine Jaeger
    Stercorarius parasiticus, Parasitic Jaeger
    Stercorarius longicaudus, Long-tailed Jaeger
Family ALCIDAE
    Alle alle, Dovekie
    Uria aalge, Common Murre
    Uria lomvia, Thick-billed Murre
    Alca torda, Razorbill
    Cepphus grylle, Black Guillemot
    Cepphus columba, Pigeon Guillemot
    Brachyramphus perdix, Long-billed Murrelet
    Brachyramphus marmoratus, Marbled Murrelet
    Brachyramphus brevirostris, Kittlitz's Murrelet
    Synthliboramphus scrippsi, Scripps's Murrelet
    Synthliboramphus hypoleucus, Guadalupe Murrelet
    Synthliboramphus craveri, Craveri's Murrelet
    Synthliboramphus antiquus, Ancient Murrelet
    Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Cassin's Auklet
    Aethia psittacula, Parakeet Auklet
    Aethia pusilla, Least Auklet
    Aethia pygmaea, Whiskered Auklet
    Aethia cristatella, Crested Auklet
    Cerorhinca monocerata, Rhinoceros Auklet
    Fratercula arctica, Atlantic Puffin
    Fratercula corniculata, Horned Puffin
    Fratercula cirrhata, Tufted Puffin
Family LARIDAE
Subfamily LARINAE
    Creagrus furcatus, Swallow-tailed Gull
    Rissa tridactyla, Black-legged Kittiwake
    Rissa brevirostris, Red-legged Kittiwake
    Pagophila eburnea, Ivory Gull
    Xema sabini, Sabine's Gull
    Chroicocephalus philadelphia, Bonaparte's Gull
    Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus, Gray-hooded Gull
    Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Black-headed Gull
    Hydrocoloeus minutus, Little Gull
    Rhodostethia rosea, Ross's Gull
    Leucophaeus atricilla, Laughing Gull
    Leucophaeus pipixcan, Franklin's Gull
    Larus belcheri, Belcher's Gull
    Larus crassirostris, Black-tailed Gull
    Larus heermanni, Heermann's Gull
    Larus canus, Mew Gull
    Larus delawarensis, Ring-billed Gull
    Larus occidentalis, Western Gull
    Larus livens, Yellow-footed Gull
    Larus californicus, California Gull
    Larus argentatus, Herring Gull
    Larus michahellis, Yellow-legged Gull
    Larus glaucoides, Iceland Gull
    Larus fuscus, Lesser Black-backed Gull
    Larus schistisagus, Slaty-backed Gull
    Larus glaucescens, Glaucous-winged Gull
    Larus hyperboreus, Glaucous Gull
    Larus marinus, Great Black-backed Gull
    Larus dominicanus, Kelp Gull
Subfamily STERNINAE
    Anous stolidus, Brown Noddy
    Anous minutus, Black Noddy
    Anous ceruleus, Blue-gray Noddy
    Gygis alba, White Tern
    Onychoprion fuscatus, Sooty Tern
    Onychoprion lunatus, Gray-backed Tern
    Onychoprion anaethetus, Bridled Tern
    Onychoprion aleuticus, Aleutian Tern
    Sternula albifrons, Little Tern
    Sternula antillarum, Least Tern
    Phaetusa simplex, Large-billed Tern
    Gelochelidon nilotica, Gull-billed Tern
    Hydroprogne caspia, Caspian Tern
    Chlidonias niger, Black Tern
    Chlidonias leucopterus, White-winged Tern
    Chlidonias hybrida, Whiskered Tern
    Sterna dougallii, Roseate Tern
    Sterna sumatrana, Black-naped Tern
    Sterna hirundo, Common Tern
    Sterna paradisaea, Arctic Tern
    Sterna forsteri, Forster's Tern
    Thalasseus maximus, Royal Tern
    Thalasseus bergii, Great Crested Tern
    Thalasseus sandvicensis, Sandwich Tern
    Thalasseus elegans, Elegant Tern
Subfamily RYNCHOPINAE
    Rynchops niger, Black Skimmer
Order PHAETHONTIFORMES
Family PHAETHONTIDAE
    Phaethon lepturus, White-tailed Tropicbird
    Phaethon aethereus, Red-billed Tropicbird

[[Page 24]]

    Phaethon rubricauda, Red-tailed Tropicbird
Order GAVIIFORMES
Family GAVIIDAE
    Gavia stellata, Red-throated Loon
    Gavia arctica, Arctic Loon
    Gavia pacifica, Pacific Loon
    Gavia immer, Common Loon
    Gavia adamsii, Yellow-billed Loon
Order PROCELLARIIFORMES
Family DIOMEDEIDAE
    Thalassarche chlororhynchos, Yellow-nosed Albatross
    Thalassarche cauta, White-capped Albatross
    Thalassarche eremita, Chatham Albatross
    Thalassarche salvini, Salvin's Albatross
    Thalassarche melanophris, Black-browed Albatross
    Phoebetria palpebrata, Light-mantled Albatross
    Diomedea exulans, Wandering Albatross
    Phoebastria immutabilis, Laysan Albatross
    Phoebastria nigripes, Black-footed Albatross
    Phoebastria albatrus, Short-tailed Albatross
Family OCEANITIDAE
    Oceanites oceanicus, Wilson's Storm-Petrel
    Pelagodroma marina, White-faced Storm-Petrel
    Fregetta tropica, Black-bellied Storm-Petrel
Family HYDROBATIDAE
    Hydrobates pelagicus, European Storm-Petrel
    Fregetta grallaria, White-bellied Storm-Petrel
    Nesofregetta fuliginosa, Polynesian Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates furcatus, Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates hornbyi, Ringed Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates monorhis, Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates leucorhous, Leach's Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates socorroensis, Townsend's Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates homochroa, Ashy Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates castro, Band-rumped Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates tethys, Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel
    Oceanodroma matsudairae, Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates melania, Black Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates tristrami, Tristram's Storm-Petrel
    Hydrobates microsoma, Least Storm-Petrel
Family PROCELLARIIDAE
    Fulmarus glacialis, Northern Fulmar
    Pterodroma gouldi, Gray-faced Petrel
    Pterodroma solandri, Providence Petrel
    Pterodroma neglecta, Kermadec Petrel
    Pterodroma arminjoniana, Trindade Petrel
    Pterodroma heraldica, Herald Petrel
    Pterodroma ultima, Murphy's Petrel
    Pterodroma inexpectata, Mottled Petrel
    Pterodroma cahow, Bermuda Petrel
    Pterodroma hasitata, Black-capped Petrel
    Pterodroma externa, Juan Fernandez Petrel
    Pterodroma sandwichensis, Hawaiian Petrel
    Pterodroma cervicalis, White-necked Petrel
    Pterodroma hypoleuca, Bonin Petrel
    Pterodroma nigripennis, Black-winged Petrel
    Pterodroma feae, Fea's Petrel
    Pterodroma madeira, Zino's Petrel
    Pterodroma cookii, Cook's Petrel
    Pterodroma longirostris, Stejneger's Petrel
    Pterodroma alba, Phoenix Petrel
    Pterodroma leucoptera, Gould's Petrel
    Pseudobulweria rostrata, Tahiti Petrel
    Bulweria bulwerii, Bulwer's Petrel
    Bulweria fallax, Jouanin's Petrel
    Procellaria aequinoctialis, White-chinned Petrel
    Procellaria parkinsoni, Parkinson's Petrel
    Calonectris leucomelas, Streaked Shearwater
    Calonectris diomedea, Cory's Shearwater
    Calonectris edwardsii, Cape Verde Shearwater
    Ardenna pacifica, Wedge-tailed Shearwater
    Ardenna bulleri, Buller's Shearwater
    Ardenna tenuirostris, Short-tailed Shearwater
    Ardenna grisea, Sooty Shearwater
    Ardenna gravis, Great Shearwater
    Ardenna creatopus, Pink-footed Shearwater
    Ardenna carneipes, Flesh-footed Shearwater
    Puffinus nativitatis, Christmas Shearwater
    Puffinus puffinus, Manx Shearwater
    Puffinus newelli, Newell's Shearwater
    Puffinus bryani, Bryan's Shearwater
    Puffinus opisthomelas, Black-vented Shearwater
    Puffinus lherminieri, Audubon's Shearwater
    Puffinus baroli, Barolo Shearwater
Order CICONIIFORMES
Family CICONIIDAE
    Jabiru mycteria, Jabiru
    Mycteria americana, Wood Stork
Order SULIFORMES
Family FREGATIDAE
    Fregata ariel, Lesser Frigatebird
    Fregata magnificens, Magnificent Frigatebird
    Fregata minor, Great Frigatebird
Family SULIDAE
    Sula dactylatra, Masked Booby
    Sula granti, Nazca Booby
    Sula nebouxii, Blue-footed Booby
    Sula leucogaster, Brown Booby
    Sula sula, Red-footed Booby
    Papasula abbotti, Abbott's Booby
    Morus bassanus, Northern Gannet
Family PHALACROCORACIDAE
    Phalacrocorax melanoleucos, Little Pied Cormorant
    Phalacrocorax penicillatus, Brandt's Cormorant
    Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Neotropic Cormorant
    Phalacrocorax auritus, Double-crested Cormorant
    Phalacrocorax carbo, Great Cormorant

[[Page 25]]

    Phalacrocorax urile, Red-faced Cormorant
    Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Pelagic Cormorant
Family ANHINGIDAE
    Anhinga anhinga, Anhinga
Order PELECANIFORMES
Family PELECANIDAE
    Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, American White Pelican
    Pelecanus occidentalis, Brown Pelican
Family ARDEIDAE
    Botaurus lentiginosus, American Bittern
    Ixobrychus sinensis, Yellow Bittern
    Ixobrychus exilis, Least Bittern
    Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Schrenck's Bittern
    Ixobrychus flavicollis, Black Bittern
    Tigrisoma mexicanum, Bare-throated Tiger-Heron
    Ardea herodias, Great Blue Heron
    Ardea cinerea, Gray Heron
    Ardea alba, Great Egret
    Ardea intermedia, Intermediate Egret
    Egretta eulophotes, Chinese Egret
    Egretta garzetta, Little Egret
    Egretta sacra, Pacific Reef-Heron
    Egretta gularis, Western Reef-Heron
    Egretta thula, Snowy Egret
    Egretta caerulea, Little Blue Heron
    Egretta tricolor, Tricolored Heron
    Egretta rufescens, Reddish Egret
    Bubulcus ibis, Cattle Egret
    Ardeola bacchus, Chinese Pond-Heron
    Butorides virescens, Green Heron
    Nycticorax nycticorax, Black-crowned Night-Heron
    Nycticorax caledonicus, Rufous Night-Heron
    Nyctanassa violacea, Yellow-crowned Night-Heron
    Gorsachius goisagi, Japanese Night-Heron
    Gorsachius melanolophus, Malayan Night-Heron
Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Subfamily THRESKIORNITHINAE
    Eudocimus albus, White Ibis
    Eudocimus ruber, Scarlet Ibis
    Plegadis falcinellus, Glossy Ibis
    Plegadis chihi, White-faced Ibis
Subfamily PLATALEINAE
    Platalea ajaja, Roseate Spoonbill
Order CARTHARTIFORMES
Family CATHARTIDAE
    Coragyps atratus, Black Vulture
    Cathartes aura, Turkey Vulture
    Gymnogyps californianus, California Condor
Order ACCIPITRIFORMES
Family PANDIONIDAE
    Pandion haliaetus, Osprey
Family ACCIPITRIDAE
Subfamily ELANINAE
    Elanus leucurus, White-tailed Kite
Subfamily GYPAETINAE
    Chondrohierax uncinatus, Hook-billed Kite
    Elanoides forficatus, Swallow-tailed Kite
Subfamily ACCIPITRINAE
    Aquila chrysaetos, Golden Eagle
    Harpagus bidentatus, Double-toothed Kite
    Circus spilonotus, Eastern Marsh-Harrier
    Circus hudsonius, Northern Harrier
    Accipiter soloensis, Chinese Sparrowhawk
    Accipiter gularis, Japanese Sparrowhawk
    Accipiter striatus, Sharp-shinned Hawk
    Accipiter cooperii, Cooper's Hawk
    Accipiter gentilis, Northern Goshawk
    Milvus migrans, Black Kite
    Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Bald Eagle
    Haliaeetus albicilla, White-tailed Eagle
    Haliaeetus pelagicus, Steller's Sea-Eagle
    Ictinia mississippiensis, Mississippi Kite
    Butastur indicus, Gray-faced Buzzard
    Geranospiza caerulescens, Crane Hawk
    Rostrhamus sociabilis, Snail Kite
    Buteogallus anthracinus, Common Black Hawk
    Buteogallus urubitinga, Great Black Hawk
    Rupornis magnirostris, Roadside Hawk
    Parabuteo unicinctus, Harris's Hawk
    Geranoaetus albicaudatus, White-tailed Hawk
    Buteo plagiatus, Gray Hawk
    Buteo lineatus, Red-shouldered Hawk
    Buteo platypterus, Broad-winged Hawk
    Buteo solitarius, Hawaiian Hawk
    Buteo brachyurus, Short-tailed Hawk
    Buteo swainsoni, Swainson's Hawk
    Buteo albonotatus, Zone-tailed Hawk
    Buteo jamaicensis, Red-tailed Hawk
    Buteo lagopus, Rough-legged Hawk
    Buteo regalis, Ferruginous Hawk
Order STRIGIFORMES
Family TYTONIDAE
    Tyto alba, Barn Owl
Family STRIGIDAE
    Otus sunia, Oriental Scops-Owl
    Psiloscops flammeolus, Flammulated Owl
    Megascops kennicottii, Western Screech-Owl
    Megascops asio, Eastern Screech-Owl
    Megascops trichopsis, Whiskered Screech-Owl
    Megascops nudipes, Puerto Rican Screech-Owl
    Bubo virginianus, Great Horned Owl
    Bubo scandiacus, Snowy Owl
    Surnia ulula, Northern Hawk Owl
    Glaucidium gnoma, Northern Pygmy-Owl
    Glaucidium brasilianum, Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl
    Micrathene whitneyi, Elf Owl
    Athene cunicularia, Burrowing Owl
    Ciccaba virgata, Mottled Owl
    Strix occidentalis, Spotted Owl
    Strix varia, Barred Owl
    Strix nebulosa, Great Gray Owl
    Asio otus, Long-eared Owl
    Asio stygius, Stygian Owl
    Asio flammeus, Short-eared Owl
    Aegolius funereus, Boreal Owl
    Aegolius acadicus, Northern Saw-whet Owl
    Ninox japonica, Northern Boobook
Order TROGONIFORMES
Family TROGONIDAE
Subfamily TROGONINAE
    Trogon elegans, Elegant Trogon
    Euptilotis neoxenus, Eared Quetzal
Order UPUPIFORMES
Family UPUPIDAE

[[Page 26]]

    Upupa epops, Eurasian Hoopoe
Order CORACIIFORMES
Family ALCEDINIDAE
Subfamily ALCEDININAE
    Alcedo atthis, Common Kingfisher
Subfamily HALCYONINAE
    Todiramphus sacer, Pacific Kingfisher
    Todiramphus cinnamominus, Guam Kingfisher
    Todiramphus albicilla, Mariana Kingfisher
Subfamily CERYLINAE
    Megaceryle torquata, Ringed Kingfisher
    Megaceryle alcyon, Belted Kingfisher
    Chloroceryle amazona, Amazon Kingfisher
    Chloroceryle americana, Green Kingfisher
Order PICIFORMES
Family PICIDAE
Subfamily JYNGINAE
    Jynx torquilla, Eurasian Wryneck
Subfamily PICINAE
    Melanerpes lewis, Lewis's Woodpecker
    Melanerpes portoricensis, Puerto Rican Woodpecker
    Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Red-headed Woodpecker
    Melanerpes formicivorus, Acorn Woodpecker
    Melanerpes uropygialis, Gila Woodpecker
    Melanerpes aurifrons, Golden-fronted Woodpecker
    Melanerpes carolinus, Red-bellied Woodpecker
    Sphyrapicus thyroideus, Williamson's Sapsucker
    Sphyrapicus varius, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
    Sphyrapicus nuchalis, Red-naped Sapsucker
    Sphyrapicus ruber, Red-breasted Sapsucker
    Picoides dorsalis, American Three-toed Woodpecker
    Picoides arcticus, Black-backed Woodpecker
    Dendrocopos major, Great Spotted Woodpecker
    Dryobates pubescens, Downy Woodpecker
    Dryobates nuttallii, Nuttall's Woodpecker
    Dryobates scalaris, Ladder-backed Woodpecker
    Dryobates borealis, Red-cockaded Woodpecker
    Dryobates villosus, Hairy Woodpecker
    Dryobates albolarvatus, White-headed Woodpecker
    Dryobates arizonae, Arizona Woodpecker
    Colaptes auratus, Northern Flicker
    Colaptes chrysoides, Gilded Flicker
    Dryocopus pileatus, Pileated Woodpecker
    Campephilus principalis, Ivory-billed Woodpecker
Order FALCONIFORMES
Family FALCONIDAE
Subfamily HERPETOTHERINAE
    Micrastur semitorquatus, Collared Forest-Falcon
Subfamily FALCONINAE
    Caracara cheriway, Crested Caracara
    Falco tinnunculus, Eurasian Kestrel
    Falco sparverius, American Kestrel
    Falco vespertinus, Red-footed Falcon
    Falco amurensis, Amur Falcon
    Falco columbarius, Merlin
    Falco subbuteo, Eurasian Hobby
    Falco femoralis, Aplomado Falcon
    Falco rusticolus, Gyrfalcon
    Falco peregrinus, Peregrine Falcon
    Falco mexicanus, Prairie Falcon
Order PASSERIFORMES
Family TITYRIDAE
    Tityra semifasciata, Masked Tityra
    Pachyramphus major, Gray-collared Becard
    Pachyramphus aglaiae, Rose-throated Becard
Family TYRANNIDAE
Subfamily ELAENIINAE
    Camptostoma imberbe, Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet
    Myiopagis viridicata, Greenish Elaenia
    Elaenia martinica, Caribbean Elaenia
    Elaenia albiceps, White-crested Elaenia
Subfamily FLUVICOLINAE
    Mitrephanes phaeocercus, Tufted Flycatcher
    Contopus cooperi, Olive-sided Flycatcher
    Contopus pertinax, Greater Pewee
    Contopus sordidulus, Western Wood-Pewee
    Contopus virens, Eastern Wood-Pewee
    Contopus caribaeus, Cuban Pewee
    Contopus hispaniolensis, Hispaniolan Pewee
    Contopus latirostris, Lesser Antillean Pewee
    Empidonax flaviventris, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
    Empidonax virescens, Acadian Flycatcher
    Empidonax alnorum, Alder Flycatcher
    Empidonax traillii, Willow Flycatcher
    Empidonax minimus, Least Flycatcher
    Empidonax hammondii, Hammond's Flycatcher
    Empidonax wrightii, Gray Flycatcher
    Empidonax oberholseri, Dusky Flycatcher
    Empidonax affinis, Pine Flycatcher
    Empidonax difficilis, Pacific-slope Flycatcher
    Empidonax occidentalis, Cordilleran Flycatcher
    Empidonax fulvifrons, Buff-breasted Flycatcher
    Sayornis nigricans, Black Phoebe
    Sayornis phoebe, Eastern Phoebe
    Sayornis saya, Say's Phoebe
    Pyrocephalus rubinus, Vermilion Flycatcher
Subfamily TYRANNINAE
    Myiarchus tuberculifer, Dusky-capped Flycatcher
    Myiarchus cinerascens, Ash-throated Flycatcher
    Myiarchus nuttingi, Nutting's Flycatcher
    Myiarchus crinitus, Great Crested Flycatcher
    Myiarchus tyrannulus, Brown-crested Flycatcher
    Myiarchus sagrae, La Sagra's Flycatcher
    Myiarchus antillarum, Puerto Rican Flycatcher
    Pitangus sulphuratus, Great Kiskadee
    Myiozetetes similis, Social Flycatcher
    Myiodynastes luteiventris, Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher

[[Page 27]]

    Legatus leucophaius, Piratic Flycatcher
    Empidonomus varius, Variegated Flycatcher
    Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus, Crowned Slaty Flycatcher
    Tyrannus melancholicus, Tropical Kingbird
    Tyrannus couchii, Couch's Kingbird
    Tyrannus vociferans, Cassin's Kingbird
    Tyrannus crassirostris, Thick-billed Kingbird
    Tyrannus verticalis, Western Kingbird
    Tyrannus tyrannus, Eastern Kingbird
    Tyrannus dominicensis, Gray Kingbird
    Tyrannus caudifasciatus, Loggerhead Kingbird
    Tyrannus forficatus, Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
    Tyrannus savana, Fork-tailed Flycatcher
Family LANIIDAE
    Lanius cristatus, Brown Shrike
    Lanius ludovicianus, Loggerhead Shrike
    Lanius borealis, Northern Shrike
Family VIREONIDAE
    Vireo atricapilla, Black-capped Vireo
    Vireo griseus, White-eyed Vireo
    Vireo crassirostris, Thick-billed Vireo
    Vireo latimeri, Puerto Rican Vireo
    Vireo gundlachii, Cuban Vireo
    Vireo bellii, Bell's Vireo
    Vireo vicinior, Gray Vireo
    Vireo huttoni, Hutton's Vireo
    Vireo flavifrons, Yellow-throated Vireo
    Vireo cassinii, Cassin's Vireo
    Vireo solitarius, Blue-headed Vireo
    Vireo plumbeus, Plumbeous Vireo
    Vireo philadelphicus, Philadelphia Vireo
    Vireo gilvus, Warbling Vireo
    Vireo olivaceus, Red-eyed Vireo
    Vireo flavoviridis, Yellow-green Vireo
    Vireo altiloquus, Black-whiskered Vireo
    Vireo magister, Yucatan Vireo
Family CORVIDAE
    Perisoreus canadensis, Canada Jay
    Psilorhinus morio, Brown Jay
    Cyanocorax yncas, Green Jay
    Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, Pinyon Jay
    Cyanocitta stelleri, Steller's Jay
    Cyanocitta cristata, Blue Jay
    Aphelocoma coerulescens, Florida Scrub-Jay
    Aphelocoma insularis, Island Scrub-Jay
    Aphelocoma californica, California Scrub-Jay
    Aphelocoma woodhouseii, Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay
    Aphelocoma wollweberi, Mexican Jay
    Nucifraga columbiana, Clark's Nutcracker
    Pica hudsonia, Black-billed Magpie
    Pica nuttalli, Yellow-billed Magpie
    Corvus monedula, Eurasian Jackdaw
    Corvus kubaryi, Mariana Crow
    Corvus brachyrhynchos, American Crow
    Corvus caurinus, Northwestern Crow
    Corvus leucognaphalus, White-necked Crow
    Corvus imparatus, Tamaulipas Crow
    Corvus ossifragus, Fish Crow
    Corvus hawaiiensis, Hawaiian Crow
    Corvus cryptoleucus, Chihuahuan Raven
    Corvus corax, Common Raven
Family ALAUDIDAE
    Alauda arvensis, Eurasian Skylark
    Eremophila alpestris, Horned Lark
Family HIRUNDINIDAE
Subfamily HIRUNDININAE
    Riparia riparia, Bank Swallow
    Tachycineta bicolor, Tree Swallow
    Tachycineta cyaneoviridis, Bahama Swallow
    Tachycineta thalassina, Violet-green Swallow
    Tachycineta albilinea, Mangrove Swallow
    Stelgidopteryx serripennis, Northern Rough-winged Swallow
    Progne tapera, Brown-chested Martin
    Progne dominicensis, Caribbean Martin
    Progne subis, Purple Martin
    Progne cryptoleuca, Cuban Martin
    Progne chalybea, Gray-breasted Martin
    Progne elegans, Southern Martin
    Hirundo rustica, Barn Swallow
    Delichon urbicum, Common House-Martin
    Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, Cliff Swallow
    Petrochelidon fulva, Cave Swallow
Family PARIDAE
    Poecile carolinensis, Carolina Chickadee
    Poecile atricapillus, Black-capped Chickadee
    Poecile gambeli, Mountain Chickadee
    Poecile sclateri, Mexican Chickadee
    Poecile rufescens, Chestnut-backed Chickadee
    Poecile hudsonicus, Boreal Chickadee
    Poecile cinctus, Gray-headed Chickadee
    Baeolophus wollweberi, Bridled Titmouse
    Baeolophus inornatus, Oak Titmouse
    Baeolophus ridgwayi, Juniper Titmouse
    Baeolophus bicolor, Tufted Titmouse
    Baeolophus atricristatus, Black-crested Titmouse
Family REMIZIDAE
    Auriparus flaviceps, Verdin
Family AEGITHALIDAE
    Psaltriparus minimus, Bushtit
Family SITTIDAE
Subfamily SITTINAE
    Sitta canadensis, Red-breasted Nuthatch
    Sitta carolinensis, White-breasted Nuthatch
    Sitta pygmaea, Pygmy Nuthatch
    Sitta pusilla, Brown-headed Nuthatch
Family CERTHIIDAE
Subfamily CERTHIINAE
    Certhia americana, Brown Creeper
Family TROGLODYTIDAE
    Salpinctes obsoletus, Rock Wren
    Catherpes mexicanus, Canyon Wren
    Troglodytes aedon, House Wren
    Troglodytes pacificus, Pacific Wren
    Troglodytes hiemalis, Winter Wren
    Cistothorus platensis, Sedge Wren
    Cistothorus palustris, Marsh Wren
    Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Wren
    Thryomanes bewickii, Bewick's Wren
    Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Cactus Wren
    Thryophilus sinaloa, Sinaloa Wren
Family POLIOPTILIDAE
    Polioptila caerulea, Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher

[[Page 28]]

    Polioptila californica, California Gnatcatcher
    Polioptila melanura, Black-tailed Gnatcatcher
    Polioptila nigriceps, Black-capped Gnatcatcher
Family CINCLIDAE
    Cinclus mexicanus, American Dipper
Family REGULIDAE
    Regulus satrapa, Golden-crowned Kinglet
    Regulus calendula, Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Family PHYLLOSCOPIDAE
    Phylloscopus trochilus, Willow Warbler
    Phylloscopus collybita, Common Chiffchaff
    Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Wood Warbler
    Phylloscopus fuscatus, Dusky Warbler
    Phylloscopus proregulus, Pallas's Leaf Warbler
    Phylloscopus inornatus, Yellow-browed Warbler
    Phylloscopus borealis, Arctic Warbler
    Phylloscopus examinandus, Kamchatka Leaf Warbler
Family SYLVIIDAE
    Sylvia curruca, Lesser Whitethroat
    Chamaea fasciata, Wrentit
Family ACROCEPHALIDAE
    Arundinax aedon, Thick-billed Warbler
    Acrocephalus luscinius, Nightingale Reed Warbler
    Acrocephalus hiwae, Saipan Reed Warbler
    Acrocephalus nijoi, Aguiguan Reed Warbler
    Acrocephalus yamashinae, Pagan Reed Warbler
    Acrocephalus familiaris, Millerbird
    Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Sedge Warbler
    Acrocephalus dumetorum, Blyth's Reed Warbler
Family LOCUSTELLIDAE
    Locustella ochotensis, Middendorff's Grasshopper-Warbler
    Locustella fluviatilis, River Warbler
    Locustella lanceolata, Lanceolated Warbler
Family MUSCICAPIDAE
    Muscicapa griseisticta, Gray-streaked Flycatcher
    Muscicapa dauurica, Asian Brown Flycatcher
    Muscicapa striata, Spotted Flycatcher
    Muscicapa sibirica, Dark-sided Flycatcher
    Erithacus rubecula, European Robin
    Larvivora cyane, Siberian Blue Robin
    Larvivora sibilans, Rufous-tailed Robin
    Cyanecula svecica, Bluethroat
    Calliope calliope, Siberian Rubythroat
    Tarsiger cyanurus, Red-flanked Bluetail
    Ficedula narcissina, Narcissus Flycatcher
    Ficedula mugimaki, Mugimaki Flycatcher
    Ficedula albicilla, Taiga Flycatcher
    Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Common Redstart
    Saxicola torquatus, Stonechat
    Oenanthe oenanthe, Northern Wheatear
    Oenanthe pleschanka, Pied Wheatear
    Family TURDIDAE
    Monticola solitarius, Blue Rock-Thrush
    Sialia sialis, Eastern Bluebird
    Sialia mexicana, Western Bluebird
    Sialia currucoides, Mountain Bluebird
    Myadestes townsendi, Townsend's Solitaire
    Myadestes occidentalis, Brown-backed Solitaire
    Myadestes myadestinus, K[amacr]ma'o
    Myadestes lanaiensis, Olomao
    Myadestes obscurus, [Omacr]ma'o
    Myadestes palmeri, Puaiohi
    Catharus aurantiirostris, Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush
    Catharus mexicanus, Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush
    Catharus fuscescens, Veery
    Catharus minimus, Gray-cheeked Thrush
    Catharus bicknelli, Bicknell's Thrush
    Catharus ustulatus, Swainson's Thrush
    Catharus guttatus, Hermit Thrush
    Hylocichla mustelina, Wood Thrush
    Turdus obscurus, Eyebrowed Thrush
    Turdus naumanni, Dusky Thrush
    Turdus pilaris, Fieldfare
    Turdus iliacus, Redwing
    Turdus grayi, Clay-colored Thrush
    Turdus assimilis, White-throated Thrush
    Turdus rufopalliatus, Rufous-backed Robin
    Turdus migratorius, American Robin
    Turdus plumbeus, Red-legged Thrush
    Ixoreus naevius, Varied Thrush
    Ridgwayia pinicola, Aztec Thrush
Family MIMIDAE
    Melanotis caerulescens, Blue Mockingbird
    Melanoptila glabrirostris, Black Catbird
    Dumetella carolinensis, Gray Catbird
    Margarops fuscatus, Pearly-eyed Thrasher
    Toxostoma curvirostre, Curve-billed Thrasher
    Toxostoma rufum, Brown Thrasher
    Toxostoma longirostre, Long-billed Thrasher
    Toxostoma bendirei, Bendire's Thrasher
    Toxostoma redivivum, California Thrasher
    Toxostoma lecontei, LeConte's Thrasher
    Toxostoma crissale, Crissal Thrasher
    Oreoscoptes montanus, Sage Thrasher
    Mimus gundlachii, Bahama Mockingbird
    Mimus polyglottos, Northern Mockingbird
Family STURNIDAE
    Agropsar philippensis, Chestnut-cheeked Starling
    Spodiopsar cineraceus, White-cheeked Starling
Family BOMBYCILLIDAE
    Bombycilla garrulus, Bohemian Waxwing
    Bombycilla cedrorum, Cedar Waxwing
Family PTILIOGONATIDAE
    Ptiliogonys cinereus, Gray Silky-flycatcher
    Phainopepla nitens, Phainopepla
Family PEUCEDRAMIDAE
    Peucedramus taeniatus, Olive Warbler
Family PRUNELLIDAE
    Prunella montanella, Siberian Accentor
Family MOTACILLIDAE
    Motacilla tschutschensis, Eastern Yellow Wagtail
    Motacilla citreola, Citrine Wagtail
    Motacilla cinerea, Gray Wagtail
    Motacilla alba, White Wagtail
    Anthus trivialis, Tree Pipit

[[Page 29]]

    Anthus hodgsoni, Olive-backed Pipit
    Anthus gustavi, Pechora Pipit
    Anthus cervinus, Red-throated Pipit
    Anthus rubescens, American Pipit
    Anthus spragueii, Sprague's Pipit
Family FRINGILLIDAE
Subfamily FRINGILLINAE
    Fringilla coelebs, Common Chaffinch
    Fringilla montifringilla, Brambling
    Subfamily EUPHONIINAE
    Euphonia musica, Antillean Euphonia
    Subfamily CARDUELINAE
    Coccothraustes vespertinus, Evening Grosbeak
    Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Hawfinch
    Carpodacus erythrinus, Common Rosefinch
    Carpodacus roseus, Pallas's Rosefinch
    Melamprosops phaeosoma, Po'ouli
    Oreomystis bairdi, 'Akikiki
    Paroreomyza maculata, O'ahu 'Alauahio
    Paroreomyza flammea,K[amacr]k[amacr]wahie
    Paroreomyza montana, Maui 'Alauahio
    Loxioides bailleui, Palila
    Telespiza cantans, Laysan Finch
    Telespiza ultima, Nihoa Finch
    Palmeria dolei, 'Akohekohe
    Himatione fraithii, Laysan Honeycreeper
    Himatione sanguinea, 'Apapane
    Drepanis coccinea, 'I'iwi
    Psittirostra psittacea, '[Omacr] '[umacr]
    Pseudonestor xanthophrys, Maui Parrotbill
    Hemignathus hanapepe, Kauai Nukupu'u
    Hemignathus lucidus, O 'ahu Nukupu'u
    Hemignathus affinis, Maui Nukupu'u
    Hemignathus wilsoni, 'Akiapola'au
    Akialoa stejnegeri, Kauai 'Akialoa
    Akialoa ellisiana, O'ahu 'Akialoa
    Akialoa lanaiensis, Maui Nui 'Akialoa
    Magumma parva, 'Anianiau
    Chlorodrepanis virens, Hawaii'Amakihi
    Chlorodrepanis flava, O'ahu 'Amakihi
    Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri, Kauai 'Amakihi
    Loxops mana, Hawaii Creeper
    Loxops caeruleirostris, 'Akeke'e
    Loxops wolstenholmei, O'ahu 'Akepa
    Loxops ochraceus, Maui 'Akepa
    Loxops coccineus, Hawaii 'Akepa
    Pinicola enucleator, Pine Grosbeak
    Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Eurasian Bullfinch
    Leucosticte arctoa, Asian Rosy-Finch
    Leucosticte tephrocotis, Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch
    Leucosticte atrata, Black Rosy-Finch
    Leucosticte australis, Brown-capped Rosy-Finch
    Haemorhous mexicanus, House Finch
    Haemorhous purpureus, Purple Finch
    Haemorhous cassinii, Cassin's Finch
    Chloris sinica, Oriental Greenfinch
    Acanthis flammea, Common Redpoll
    Acanthis hornemanni, Hoary Redpoll
    Loxia curvirostra, Red Crossbill
    Loxia sinesciuris, Cassia Crossbill
    Loxia leucoptera, White-winged Crossbill
    Spinus spinus, Eurasian Siskin
    Spinus pinus, Pine Siskin
    Spinus psaltria, Lesser Goldfinch
    Spinus lawrencei, Lawrence's Goldfinch
    Spinus tristis, American Goldfinch
Family CALCARIIDAE
    Calcarius lapponicus, Lapland Longspur
    Calcarius ornatus, Chestnut-collared Longspur
    Calcarius pictus, Smith's Longspur
    Rhynchophanes mccownii, McCown's Longspur
    Plectrophenax nivalis, Snow Bunting
    Plectrophenax hyperboreus, McKay's Bunting
Family EMBERIZIDAE
    Emberiza leucocephalos, Pine Bunting
    Emberiza chrysophrys, Yellow-browed Bunting
    Emberiza pusilla, Little Bunting
    Emberiza rustica, Rustic Bunting
    Emberiza elegans, Yellow-throated Bunting
    Emberiza aureola, Yellow-breasted Bunting
    Emberiza variabilis, Gray Bunting
    Emberiza pallasi, Pallas's Bunting
    Emberiza schoeniclus, Reed Bunting
Family PASSERELLIDAE
    Peucaea carpalis, Rufous-winged Sparrow
    Peucaea botterii, Botteri's Sparrow
    Peucaea cassinii, Cassin's Sparrow
    Peucaea aestivalis, Bachman's Sparrow
    Ammodramus savannarum, Grasshopper Sparrow
    Arremonops rufivirgatus, Olive Sparrow
    Amphispiza quinquestriata, Five-striped Sparrow
    Amphispiza bilineata, Black-throated Sparrow
    Chondestes grammacus, Lark Sparrow
    Calamospiza melanocorys, Lark Bunting
    Spizella passerina, Chipping Sparrow
    Spizella pallida, Clay-colored Sparrow
    Spizella atrogularis, Black-chinned Sparrow
    Spizella pusilla, Field Sparrow
    Spizella breweri, Brewer's Sparrow
    Spizella wortheni, Worthen's Sparrow
    Passerella iliaca, Fox Sparrow
    Spizelloides arborea, American Tree Sparrow
    Junco hyemalis, Dark-eyed Junco
    Junco phaeonotus, Yellow-eyed Junco
    Zonotrichia leucophrys, White-crowned Sparrow
    Zonotrichia atricapilla, Golden-crowned Sparrow
    Zonotrichia querula, Harris's Sparrow
    Zonotrichia albicollis, White-throated Sparrow
    Artemisiospiza nevadensis, Sagebrush Sparrow
    Artemisiospiza belli, Bell's Sparrow
    Pooecetes gramineus, Vesper Sparrow
    Ammospiza leconteii, LeConte's Sparrow
    Ammospiza maritima, Seaside Sparrow
    Ammospiza nelsoni, Nelson's Sparrow
    Ammospiza caudacuta, Saltmarsh Sparrow
    Centronyx bairdii, Baird's Sparrow
    Centronyx henslowii, Henslow's Sparrow
    Passerculus sandwichensis, Savannah Sparrow

[[Page 30]]

    Melospiza melodia, Song Sparrow
    Melospiza lincolnii, Lincoln's Sparrow
    Melospiza georgiana, Swamp Sparrow
    Melozone fusca, Canyon Towhee
    Melozone aberti, Abert's Towhee
    Melozone crissalis, California Towhee
    Aimophila ruficeps, Rufous-crowned Sparrow
    Pipilo chlorurus, Green-tailed Towhee
    Pipilo maculatus, Spotted Towhee
    Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Eastern Towhee
Family NESOSPINGIDAE
    Nesospingus speculiferus, Puerto Rican Tanager
Family SPINDALIDAE
    Spindalis zena, Western Spindalis
    Spindalis portoricensis, Puerto Rican Spindalis
Family ICTERIIDAE
    Icteria virens, Yellow-breasted Chat
Family ICTERIDAE
Subfamily XANTHOCEPHALINAE
    Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, Yellow-headed Blackbird
Subfamily DOLICHONYCHINAE
    Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Bobolink
Subfamily STURNELLINAE
    Sturnella magna, Eastern Meadowlark
    Sturnella neglecta, Western Meadowlark
Subfamily ICTERINAE
    Icterus portoricensis, Puerto Rican Oriole
    Icterus wagleri, Black-vented Oriole
    Icterus spurius, Orchard Oriole
    Icterus cucullatus, Hooded Oriole
    Icterus pustulatus, Streak-backed Oriole
    Icterus bullockii, Bullock's Oriole
    Icterus gularis, Altamira Oriole
    Icterus graduacauda, Audubon's Oriole
    Icterus galbula, Baltimore Oriole
    Icterus abeillei, Black-backed Oriole
    Icterus parisorum, Scott's Oriole
Subfamily AGELAIINAE
    Agelaius phoeniceus, Red-winged Blackbird
    Agelaius tricolor, Tricolored Blackbird
    Agelaius humeralis, Tawny-shouldered Blackbird
    Agelaius xanthomus, Yellow-shouldered Blackbird
    Molothrus bonariensis, Shiny Cowbird
    Molothrus aeneus, Bronzed Cowbird
    Molothrus ater, Brown-headed Cowbird
    Euphagus carolinus, Rusty Blackbird
    Euphagus cyanocephalus, Brewer's Blackbird
    Quiscalus quiscula, Common Grackle
    Quiscalus major, Boat-tailed Grackle
    Quiscalus mexicanus, Great-tailed Grackle
    Quiscalus niger, Greater Antillean Grackle
Family PARULIDAE
    Seiurus aurocapilla, Ovenbird
    Helmitheros vermivorum, Worm-eating Warbler
    Parkesia motacilla, Louisiana Waterthrush
    Parkesia noveboracensis, Northern Waterthrush
    Vermivora bachmanii, Bachman's Warbler
    Vermivora chrysoptera, Golden-winged Warbler
    Vermivora cyanoptera, Blue-winged Warbler
    Mniotilta varia, Black-and-white Warbler
    Protonotaria citrea, Prothonotary Warbler
    Limnothlypis swainsonii, Swainson's Warbler
    Oreothlypis superciliosa, Crescent-chested Warbler
    Leiothlypis peregrina, Tennessee Warbler
    Leiothlypis celata, Orange-crowned Warbler
    Leiothlypis crissalis, Colima Warbler
    Leiothlypis luciae, Lucy's Warbler
    Leiothlypis ruficapilla, Nashville Warbler
    Leiothlypis virginiae, Virginia's Warbler
    Oporornis agilis, Connecticut Warbler
    Geothlypis poliocephala, Gray-crowned Yellowthroat
    Geothlypis tolmiei, MacGillivray's Warbler
    Geothlypis philadelphia, Mourning Warbler
    Geothlypis formosa, Kentucky Warbler
    Geothlypis trichas, Common Yellowthroat
    Setophaga angelae, Elfin-woods Warbler
    Setophaga citrina, Hooded Warbler
    Setophaga ruticilla, American Redstart
    Setophaga kirtlandii, Kirtland's Warbler
    Setophaga tigrina, Cape May Warbler
    Setophaga cerulea, Cerulean Warbler
    Setophaga americana, Northern Parula
    Setophaga pitiayumi, Tropical Parula
    Setophaga magnolia, Magnolia Warbler
    Setophaga castanea, Bay-breasted Warbler
    Setophaga fusca, Blackburnian Warbler
    Setophaga petechia, Yellow Warbler
    Setophaga pensylvanica, Chestnut-sided Warbler
    Setophaga striata, Blackpoll Warbler
    Setophaga caerulescens, Black-throated Blue Warbler
    Setophaga palmarum, Palm Warbler
    Setophaga pinus, Pine Warbler
    Setophaga coronata, Yellow-rumped Warbler
    Setophaga dominica, Yellow-throated Warbler
    Setophaga discolor, Prairie Warbler
    Setophaga adelaidae, Adelaide's Warbler
    Setophaga graciae, Grace's Warbler
    Setophaga nigrescens, Black-throated Gray Warbler
    Setophaga townsendi, Townsend's Warbler
    Setophaga occidentalis, Hermit Warbler
    Setophaga chrysoparia, Golden-cheeked Warbler
    Setophaga virens, Black-throated Green Warbler
    Basileuterus lachrymosus, Fan-tailed Warbler
    Basileuterus rufifrons, Rufous-capped Warbler
    Basileuterus culicivorus, Golden-crowned Warbler
    Cardellina canadensis, Canada Warbler
    Cardellina pusilla, Wilson's Warbler
    Cardellina rubrifrons, Red-faced Warbler
    Myioborus pictus, Painted Redstart

[[Page 31]]

    Myioborus miniatus, Slate-throated Redstart
Family CARDINALIDAE
    Piranga flava, Hepatic Tanager
    Piranga rubra, Summer Tanager
    Piranga olivacea, Scarlet Tanager
    Piranga ludoviciana, Western Tanager
    Piranga bidentata, Flame-colored Tanager
    Rhodothraupis celaeno, Crimson-collared Grosbeak
    Cardinalis cardinalis, Northern Cardinal
    Cardinalis sinuatus, Pyrrhuloxia
    Pheucticus chrysopeplus, Yellow Grosbeak
    Pheucticus ludovicianus, Rose-breasted Grosbeak
    Pheucticus melanocephalus, Black-headed Grosbeak
    Cyanocompsa parellina, Blue Bunting
    Passerina caerulea, Blue Grosbeak
    Passerina amoena, Lazuli Bunting
    Passerina cyanea, Indigo Bunting
    Passerina versicolor, Varied Bunting
    Passerina ciris, Painted Bunting
    Spiza americana, Dickcissel
Family THRAUPIDAE
Subfamily DACNINAE
    Cyanerpes cyaneus, Red-legged Honeycreeper
Subfamily COEREBINAE
    Coereba flaveola, Bananaquit
    Tiaris olivaceus, Yellow-faced Grassquit
    Melanospiza bicolor, Black-faced Grassquit
    Melopyrrha portoricensis, Puerto Rican Bullfinch
Subfamily SPOROPHILINAE
    Sporophila morelleti, Morelet's Seedeater

[78 FR 65850, Nov. 1, 2013, as amended at 85 FR 21290, Apr. 16, 2020]



                           Subpart C_Addresses



Sec.  10.21  Director.

    (a) Mail forwarded to the Director for law enforcement purposes 
should be addressed to Chief, Office of Law Enforcement, at the address 
provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
    (b) Mail sent to the Director regarding permits for the Convention 
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Fauna 
(CITES), injurious wildlife, Wild Bird Conservation Act species, 
international movement of all ESA-listed endangered or threatened 
species, and scientific research on, exhibition of, or interstate 
commerce in nonnative ESA-listed endangered and threatened species 
should be addressed to: Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 
(Attention: Division of Management Authority), at the address provided 
for the Division of Management Authority at 50 CFR 2.1(b). Address mail 
for the following permits to the Regional Director. In the address 
include one of the following: for import/export licenses and exception 
to designated port permits (Attention: Import/export license); for 
native endangered and threatened species (Attention: Endangered/
threatened species permit); and for migratory birds and eagles 
(Attention: Migratory bird permit office). You can find addresses for 
regional offices at 50 CFR 2.2.

[55 FR 48851, Nov. 23, 1990, as amended at 63 FR 52633, Oct. 1, 1998; 80 
FR 26467, May 8, 2015]



Sec.  10.22  Law enforcement offices.

    (a) Service law enforcement offices are located in Service regional 
offices. Regional office addresses are provided at 50 CFR 2.2. Mail 
should be addressed to ``Special Agent in Charge, Office of Law 
Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service'' at the appropriate 
regional office address. Telephone numbers for Service law enforcement 
offices follow:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Law enforcement
                       Region                          office telephone
                                                            number
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1...................................................        503-231-6125
2...................................................        505-248-7889
3...................................................        612-713-5320
4...................................................        404-679-7057
5...................................................        413-253-8274
6...................................................        303-236-7540
7...................................................        907-786-3311
8...................................................        916-414-6660
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Any resident or official of a foreign country may contact the 
Service's Headquarters Office of Law Enforcement at the address provided 
at 50 CFR 2.1(b) or by telephone at 703-358-1949.

[78 FR 35151, June 12, 2013, as amended at 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



PART 11_CIVIL PROCEDURES--Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
11.1 Purpose of regulations.
11.2 Scope of regulations.
11.3 Filing of documents.

                     Subpart B_Assessment Procedure

11.11 Notice of violation.
11.12 Petition for relief.
11.13 Decision by the Director.

[[Page 32]]

11.14 Notice of assessment.
11.15 Request for a hearing.
11.16 Final administrative decision.
11.17 Payment of final assessment.

                 Subpart C_Hearing and Appeal Procedures

11.21 Commencement of hearing procedures.
11.22 Appearance and practice.
11.23 Hearings.
11.24 Final administrative action.
11.25 Appeal.
11.26 Reporting service.

         Subpart D_Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

11.31 Definitions.
11.32 Purpose and scope.
11.33 Adjustments to penalties.
11.34 Subsequent adjustments.

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 470aa-470mm, 470aaa-470aaa-11, 668-668d, 1361-
1384, 1401-1407, 1531-1544, 3371-3378, 4201-4245, 4901-4916, 5201-5207, 
5301-5306; 18 U.S.C. 42-43; 25 U.S.C. 3001-3013; and Sec. 107, Pub. L. 
114-74, 129 Stat. 599, unless otherwise noted.

    Source: 39 FR 1159, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.

    Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to part 11 appear at 67 FR 
38208, June 3, 2002.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  11.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part provide uniform rules and 
procedures for the assessment of civil penalties in connection with 
violations of certain laws and regulations enforced by the Service.



Sec.  11.2  Scope of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part apply only to actions arising 
under the following laws and regulations issued thereunder:
    (a) Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 42-43;
    (b) Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.;
    (c) Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668-668d;
    (d) Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.;
    (e) Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.;
    (f) African Elephant Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 4201 et seq.;
    (g) Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.;
    (h) Archaeological Resources Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 470aa et 
seq.;
    (i) Paleontological Resources Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 470aaa et 
seq.;
    (j) The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, 25 
U.S.C. 3001 et seq.;
    (k) Recreational Hunting Safety Act of 1994, 16 U.S.C. 5201 et seq.; 
and
    (l) Wild Bird Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 4901 et seq.

[81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016]



Sec.  11.3  Filing of documents.

    (a) Whenever a document or other paper is required to be filed under 
this part within a certain time, such document or paper will be 
considered filed as of the date of the postmark if mailed, or the date 
actually delivered to the office where filing is required. The time 
periods set forth in this part shall begin to run as of the day 
following the date of the document or other paper.
    (b) If an oral or written application is made to the Director up to 
10 calendar days after the expiration of a time period established in 
this part for the required filing of documents or other papers, the 
Director may permit a late filing within a fixed period where reasonable 
grounds are found for an inability or failure to file within the time 
period required. All such extensions shall be in writing. Except as 
provided in this subsection, no other requests for an extension of time 
may be granted.



                     Subpart B_Assessment Procedure



Sec.  11.11  Notice of violation.

    (a) A notice of violation (hereinafter ``notice''), shall be issued 
by the Director and served personally or by registered or certified 
mail, return receipt requested, upon the person believed to be subject 
to a civil penalty (the respondent). The notice shall contain: (1) A 
concise statement of the facts believed to show a violation, (2) a 
specific reference to the provisions of the statute or regulation 
allegedly violated, and (3) the amount of penalty proposed to be 
assessed. The notice may also contain an initial proposal for compromise 
or settlement of the case. The

[[Page 33]]

notice shall also advise the respondent of his right to file a petition 
for relief pursuant to Sec.  11.12, or to await the Director's notice of 
assessment.
    (b) The respondent shall have 45 days from the date of the notice of 
violation in which to respond. During this time he may:
    (1) Undertake informal discussions with the Director;
    (2) Accept the proposed penalty, or the compromise, if any, offered 
in the notice;
    (3) File a petition for relief; or
    (4) Take no action, and await the Director's decision, pursuant to 
Sec.  11.13.
    (c) Acceptance of the proposed penalty or the compromise shall be 
deemed to be a waiver of the notice ef assessment required by Sec.  
11.14, and of the opportunity for a hearing. Any counter offer of 
settlement shall be deemed a rejection of the proposed offer of 
compromise.



Sec.  11.12  Petition for relief.

    If the respondent so chooses he may ask that no penalty be assessed 
or that the amount be reduced, and he may admit or contest the legal 
sufficiency of the charge and the Director's allegations of facts, by 
filing a petition for relief (hereinafter ``petition'') with the 
Director at the address specified in the notice within 45 days of the 
date thereof. The petition shall be in writing and signed by the 
respondent. If the respondent is a corporation, the petition must be 
signed by an officer authorized to sign such documents. It must set 
forth in full the legal or other reasons for the relief.



Sec.  11.13  Decision by the Director.

    Upon expiration of the period required or granted for filing of a 
petition for relief, the Director shall proceed to make an assessment of 
a civil penalty, taking into consideration information available to him 
and such showing as may have been made by the respondent, either 
pursuant to Sec.  11.11 or Sec.  11.12, or upon further request of the 
Director.



Sec.  11.14  Notice of assessment.

    The Director shall notify the respondent by a written notice of 
assessment, by personal service or by registered or certified mail, 
return receipt requested, of his decision pursuant to Sec.  11.13. He 
shall set forth therein the facts and conclusions upon which he decided 
that the violation did occur and appropriateness of the penalty 
assessed.



Sec.  11.15  Request for a hearing.

    Except where a right to request a hearing is deemed to have been 
waived as provided in Sec.  11.11, the respondent may, within 45 
calendar days from the date of the notice of assessment referred to in 
Sec.  11.14, file a dated, written request for a hearing with the 
Departmental Cases Hearings Division, Office of Hearings and Appeals, 
U.S. Department of the Interior, 351 South West Temple, Suite 6.300, 
Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

[81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016]



Sec.  11.16  Final administrative decision.

    (a) Where no request for a hearing is filed as provided in Sec.  
11.15 the Director's assessment shall become effective and shall 
constitute the final administrative decision of the Secretary on the 
45th calendar day from the date of the notice of assessment.
    (b) If a request for a hearing is timely filed in accordance with 
Sec.  11.15, the date of the final administrative decision in the matter 
shall be as provided in subpart C of this part.



Sec.  11.17  Payment of final assessment.

    When a final administrative decision becomes effective in accordance 
with this part 11, the respondent shall have 20 calendar days from the 
date of the final administrative decision within which to make full 
payment of the penalty assessed. Payment will be timely only if received 
in Office of the Director during normal business hours, on or before the 
20th day. Upon a failure to pay the penalty, the Solicitor of the 
Department may request the Attorney General to institute a civil action 
in the U.S. District Court to collect the penalty.

[[Page 34]]



                 Subpart C_Hearing and Appeal Procedures



Sec.  11.21  Commencement of hearing procedures.

    Proceedings under this subpart are commenced upon the timely filing 
with the Hearings Division of a request for a hearing, as provided in 
Sec.  11.15 of subpart B. Upon receipt of a request for a hearing, the 
Hearings Division will assign an administrative law judge to the case. 
Notice of assignment will be given promptly to the parties, and 
thereafter, all pleadings, papers, and other documents in the proceeding 
shall be filed directly with the administrative law judge, with copies 
served on the opposing party.



Sec.  11.22  Appearance and practice.

    (a) Subject to the provisions of 43 CFR 1.3, the respondent may 
appear in person, by representative, or by counsel, and may participate 
fully in these proceedings.
    (b) Department counsel designated by the Solicitor of the Department 
shall represent the Director in these proceedings. Upon notice to the 
Director of the assignment of an administrative law judge to the case, 
said counsel shall enter his appearance on behalf of the Director and 
shall file all petitions and correspondence exchanged by the Director 
and the respondent pursuant to subpart B of this part, which shall 
become part of the hearing record. Thereinafter, service upon the 
Director in these proceedings shall be made to his counsel.



Sec.  11.23  Hearings.

    (a) The administrative law judge shall have all powers accorded by 
law and necessary to preside over the parties and the proceedings and to 
make decisions in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 554-557. Failure to appear at 
the time set for hearing shall be deemed a waiver of the right to a 
hearing and consent to the making of a decision on the record made at 
the hearing. Copies of the transcript may be inspected or copied.
    (b) The transcript of testimony, the exhibits, and all papers, 
documents, and requests filed in the proceedings, shall constitute the 
record for decision. The judge will render a written decision upon the 
record, which shall set forth his findings of fact and conclusions of 
law, and the reasons and basis therefor, and an assessment of a penalty, 
if any.



Sec.  11.24  Final administrative action.

    Unless a notice of request for an appeal is filed in accordance with 
Sec.  11.25 of this subpart C, the administrative law judge's decision 
shall constitute the final administrative determination of the Secretary 
in the matter and shall become effective 30 calendar days from the date 
of the decision.



Sec.  11.25  Appeal.

    (a) Either the respondent or the Director may seek an appeal from 
the decision of an administrative law judge rendered subsequent to 
January 1, 1974, by the filing of a ``Notice of Request for Appeal'' 
with the Director, Office of Hearings and Appeals, U.S. Department of 
the Interior, 351 South West Temple, Suite 6.300, Salt Lake City, Utah 
84101, within 30 calendar days of the date of the administrative law 
judge's decision. Such notice shall be accompanied by proof of service 
on the administrative law judge and the opposing party.
    (b) Upon receipt of such a request, the Director, Office of Hearings 
and Appeals, shall appoint an ad hoc appeals board to determine whether 
an appeal should be granted, and to hear and decide an appeal. To the 
extent they are not inconsistent herewith, the provisions of subpart G 
of the Department Hearings and Appeals Procedures in 43 CFR part 4 shall 
apply to appeal proceedings under this subpart. The determination of the 
board to grant or deny an appeal, as well as its decision on the merits 
of an appeal, shall be in writing and become effective as the final 
administrative determination of the Secretary in the proceeding on the 
date it is rendered, unless otherwise specified therein.

[39 FR 1159, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016]



Sec.  11.26  Reporting service.

    Copies of decisions in civil penalty proceedings instituted under 
statutes referred to in subpart A of this part and rendered subsequent 
to June 3,

[[Page 35]]

1970, may be obtained by letter of request addressed to the Director, 
Office of Hearings and Appeals, U.S. Department of the Interior, 351 
South West Temple, Suite 6.300, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101. Fees for 
this service shall be as established by the Director of that Office.

[81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016]



         Subpart D_Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

    Source: 81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  11.31  Definitions.

    (a) Civil monetary penalty means any penalty, fine, or other 
sanction that:
    (1)(i) Is for a specific monetary amount as provided by Federal law; 
or
    (ii) Has a maximum amount provided for by Federal law;
    (2) Is assessed or enforced by an agency pursuant to Federal law; 
and
    (3) Is assessed or enforced pursuant to an administrative proceeding 
or a civil action in the Federal courts.
    (b) Inflation Adjustment Act means the Federal Civil Penalties 
Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Pub. L. 114-74, 
November 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 584, 28 U.S.C. 2461 note).



Sec.  11.32  Purpose and scope.

    The purpose of this part is to make the inflation adjustment, 
described in and required by the Inflation Adjustment Act, of each civil 
monetary penalty provided by law within the jurisdiction of the U.S. 
Fish and Wildlife Service.



Sec.  11.33  Adjustments to penalties.

    The civil monetary penalties provided by law within the jurisdiction 
of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are adjusted as follows:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                 Maximum civil
                  Law                             Citation              Type of violation       monetary penalty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) African Elephant Conservation Act..  16 U.S.C. 4224(b)........  Any violation............            $11,506
(b) Bald and Golden Eagle Protection     16 U.S.C. 668(b).........  Any violation............             14,536
 Act.
(c) Endangered Species Act of 1973.....  16 U.S.C. 1540(a)(1).....  (1) Knowing violation of              57,527
                                                                     section 1538.                        27,612
                                                                    (2) Other knowing
                                                                     violation.
                                                                    (3) Any other violation..              1,453
(d) Lacey Act Amendments of 1981.......  16 U.S.C. 3373(a)........  (1) Violations referred               29,074
                                                                     to in 16 U.S.C.                         727
                                                                     3373(a)(1).
                                                                    (2) Violations referred
                                                                     to in 16 U.S.C.
                                                                     3373(a)(2).
(e) Marine Mammal Protection Act of      16 U.S.C. 1375...........  Any violation............             29,074
 1972.
(f) Recreational Hunting Safety Act of   16 U.S.C. 5202(b)........  (1) Violation involving               18,500
 1994.                                                               use of force or violence              9,250
                                                                     or threatened use of
                                                                     force or violence.
                                                                    (2) Any other violation..
(g) Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation    16 U.S.C. 5305a(b)(2)....  Any violation............             20,238
 Act of 1998.
(h) Wild Bird Conservation Act.........  16 U.S.C. 4912(a)(1).....  (1) Violation of section              48,763
                                                                     4910(a)(1), section
                                                                     4910(a)(2), or any
                                                                     permit issued under
                                                                     section 4911.
                                                                    (2) Violation of section              23,405
                                                                     4910(a)(3).
                                                                    (3) Any other violation..                976
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[81 FR 41865, June 28, 2016, as amended at 82 FR 6308, Jan. 19, 2017; 83 
FR 5951, Feb. 12, 2018; 84 FR 15526, Apr. 16, 2019; 85 FR 10311, Feb. 
24, 2020; 86 FR 15428, Mar. 23, 2021; 87 FR 13949, Mar. 11, 2022]



Sec.  11.34  Subsequent adjustments.

    The Secretary of the Interior or his or her designee will, every 
year after August 1, 2016, make the inflation adjustment described in 
and required by

[[Page 36]]

the Inflation Adjustment Act of each civil monetary penalty provided by 
law and within the jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 
Each annual adjustment will be reflected in the table in Sec.  11.33.



PART 12_SEIZURE AND FORFEITURE PROCEDURES--Table of Contents



                      Subpart A_General Provisions

Sec.
12.1 Purpose of regulations.
12.2 Scope of regulations.
12.3 Definitions.
12.4 Filing of documents.
12.5 Seizure by other agencies.
12.6 Bonded release.

                   Subpart B_Preliminary Requirements

12.11 Notification of seizure.
12.12 Appraisement.

                    Subpart C_Forfeiture Proceedings

12.21 Criminal prosecutions.
12.22 Civil actions to obtain forfeiture.
12.23 Administrative forfeiture proceedings.
12.24 Petition for remission of forfeiture.
12.25 Transfers in settlement of civil penalty claims.

          Subpart D_Disposal of Forfeited or Abandoned Property

12.30 Purpose.
12.31 Accountability.
12.32 Effect of prior illegality.
12.33 Disposal.
12.34 Return to the wild.
12.35 Use by the Service or transfer to another government agency for 
          official use.
12.36 Donation or loan.
12.37 Sale.
12.38 Destruction.
12.39 Information on property available for disposal.

     Subpart E_Restoration of Proceeds and Recovery of Storage Costs

12.41 Petition for restoration of proceeds.
12.42 Recovery of certain storage costs.

                      Subpart F_Return of Property

12.51 Return procedure.

    Authority: Act of September 6, 1966, 5 U.S.C. 301; Bald and Golden 
Eagles Protection Act, 16, U.S.C. 668-668b; National Wildlife Refuge 
System Administration Act, 16 U.S.C. 668dd(e)-(f); Migratory Bird Treaty 
Act, 16 U.S.C. 704, 706-707, 712; Migratory Bird Hunting and 
Conservation Stamp Act, 16 U.S.C. 718f-718g; Fish and Wildlife Act of 
1956 [Airborne Hunting Amendments], 16 U.S.C. 742j-l(d)-(f); Black Bass 
Act, 16 U.S.C. 852d-853; Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16 U.S.C. 
1375-1377, 1382; Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. 1540; Lacey 
Act, 18 U.S.C. 43, 44; Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 95 Stat. 1073-1080, 
16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.; Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. 1602-1624; Fish 
and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978, 16 U.S.C. 742l; Exotic Organisms, 
E.O. 11987, 42 FR 26949; American Indian Religious Freedom Act, 42 
U.S.C. 1996.

    Source: 45 FR 17864, Mar. 19, 1980, unless otherwise noted.



                      Subpart A_General Provisions



Sec.  12.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations of this part establish procedures relating to 
property seized or subject to forfeiture under various laws enforced by 
the Service.



Sec.  12.2  Scope of regulations.

    Except as hereinafter provided, the regulations of this part apply 
to all property seized or subject to forfeiture under any of the 
following laws:
    (a) The Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.;
    (b) The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act, 16 
U.S.C. 668dd et seq.;
    (c) The Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.;
    (d) The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, 16 U.S.C. 718 et seq.;
    (e) The Airborne Hunting Act, 16 U.S.C. 742j-1;
    (f) The Black Bass Act, 16 U.S.C. 851 et seq.;
    (g) The Marine Mammal Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.;
    (h) The Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; and
    (i) The Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 43-44.
    (j) The Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.

[45 FR 17864, Mar. 19, 1980; 45 FR 31725, May 14, 1980, as amended at 47 
FR 56860, Dec. 21, 1982]



Sec.  12.3  Definitions.

    (a) As used in this part:
    (1) Attorney General means the Attorney General of the United States 
or an authorized representative;
    (2) Disposal includes, but is not limited to, remission, return to 
the wild,

[[Page 37]]

use by the Service or transfer to another government agency for official 
use, donation or loan, sale, or destruction.
    (3) Domestic value means the price at which the seized property or 
similar property is freely offered for sale at the time and place of 
appraisement, in the same quantity or quantities as seized, and in the 
oridinary course of trade. If there is no market for the seized property 
at the place of appraisement, such value in the principal market nearest 
to the place of appraisement shall be reported.
    (4) Solicitor means the Solicitor of the Department of the Interior 
or an authorized representative.
    (b) The definitions of paragraph (a) of this section are in addition 
to, and not in lieu of, those contained in Sec. Sec.  1.1 through 1.8 
and 10.12 of this title.

[45 FR 17864, Mar. 19, 1980, as amended at 47 FR 17525, Apr. 23, 1982]



Sec.  12.4  Filing of documents.

    (a) Whenever any document is required by this part to be filed or 
served within a certain period of time, such document will be considered 
filed or served as of the date of receipt by the party with or upon whom 
filing or service is required. The time periods established by this part 
shall begin to run on the day following the date of filing or service.
    (b) If an oral or written application is made before the expiration 
of a time period established by this part, an extension of such period 
for a fixed number of days may be granted where there are reasonable 
grounds for the failure to file or serve the document within the period 
required. Any such extension shall be in writing. Except as provided in 
this paragraph, no other requests for an extension shall be granted.



Sec.  12.5  Seizure by other agencies.

    Any authorized employee or officer of any other Federal agency who 
has seized any wildlife or other property under any of the laws listed 
in Sec.  12.2 will, if so requested, deliver such seizure to the 
appropriate Special Agent in Charge designated in Sec.  10.22 of this 
title, or to an authorized designee, who shall either hold such seized 
wildlife or other property or arrange for its proper handling and care.



Sec.  12.6  Bonded release.

    (a) Subject to the conditions set forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of 
this section, and to such additional conditions as may be appropriate, 
the Service, in its discretion, may accept an appearance bond or other 
security (including, but not limited to, payment of the value as 
determined under Sec.  12.12) in place of any property seized under the 
Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; Marine Mammal Protection 
Act, 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.; Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 43; Lacey Act 
Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.; Airborne Hunting Act, 16 
U.S.C. 742j-1; or Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.
    (b) Property may be released under this section only to the owner or 
consignee.
    (c) Property may be released under this section only if possession 
thereof will not violate or frustrate the purpose or policy of any 
applicable law or regulation.

[45 FR 17864, Mar. 19, 1980; 45 FR 31725, May 14, 1980, as amended at 47 
FR 56860, Dec. 21, 1982]



                   Subpart B_Preliminary Requirements



Sec.  12.11  Notification of seizure.

    Except where the owner or consignee is personally notified or 
seizure is made pursuant to a search warrant, the Service shall, as soon 
as practicable following the seizure or other receipt of seized wildlife 
or other property, mail a notification of seizure by registered or 
certified mail, return receipt requested, to the owner or consignee, if 
known or easily ascertainable. Such notification shall describe the 
seized wildlife or other property, and shall state the time, place, and 
reason for the seizure.



Sec.  12.12  Appraisement.

    The Service shall determine the value of any cargo, of a vessel or 
other conveyance employed in unlawful taking, seized under the Marine 
Mammal Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq., and the value of any 
property seized

[[Page 38]]

under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; Eagle 
Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.; Airborne Hunting Act, 16 U.S.C. 
742j-1, et seq.; or the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et 
seq. If the seized property may lawfully be sold in the United States, 
its domestic value shall be determined in accordance with Sec.  12.3. If 
the seized property may not lawfully be sold in the United States, its 
value shall be determined by other reasonable means.

[47 FR 56860, Dec. 21, 1982]



                    Subpart C_Forfeiture Proceedings



Sec.  12.21  Criminal prosecutions.

    If property is subject to criminal forfeiture, such forfeiture will 
be obtained in accordance with the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.



Sec.  12.22  Civil actions to obtain forfeiture.

    The Solicitor may request the Attorney General to file a civil 
action to obtain forfeiture of any property subject to forfeiture under 
the Airborne Hunting Act, 16 U.S.C. 742j-1; Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 43-44; 
Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.; Black Bass Act, 16 
U.S.C. 851 et seq.; Marine Mammal Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 1361 et 
seq.; Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.; Migratory Bird 
Hunting Stamp Act, 16 U.S.C. 718 et seq.; Eagle Protection Act, 16 
U.S.C. 668 et seq.; or Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. 
Before any such action is filed against property subject to forfeiture 
under the Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 43, or against property, other than the 
cargo of a vessel or other conveyance employed in unlawful taking, 
subject to forfeiture under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 
1361 et seq., a civil penalty must first be assessed in accordance with 
the statute and applicable regulations, and no such action may be filed 
more than 30 days after the conclusion of civil penalty assessment 
proceedings.

[47 FR 56860, Dec. 21, 1982]



Sec.  12.23  Administrative forfeiture proceedings.

    (a) When authorized. Whenever any property subject to forfeiture 
under the Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668 et seq., or Airborne 
Hunting Act, 16 U.S.C. 742j-1, or any wildlife or plant subject to 
forfeiture under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq., or 
any fish, wildlife or plant subject to forfeiture under the Lacey Act 
Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq., is determined under Sec.  
12.12 to have a value not greater than $100,000, the Solicitor may 
obtain forfeiture of such property in accordance with this section.
    (b) Procedure--(1) Notice of proposed forfeiture. As soon as 
practicable following seizure, the Solicitor shall issue a notice of 
proposed forfeiture.
    (A) Publication. The notice shall be published once a week for at 
least three successive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in 
the locality where the property was seized. If the value of the seized 
property as determined under Sec.  12.12 does not exceed $1000, the 
notice may be published by posting, instead of newspaper publication, 
for at least three successive weeks in a conspicuous place accessible to 
the public at the Service's enforcement office, the U.S. District Court 
or the U.S. Customhouse nearest the place of seizure. In cases of 
posting, the date of initial posting shall be indicated on the notice. 
In addition to newspaper publication or posting, a reasonable effort 
shall be made to serve the notice personally or by registered or 
certified mail, return receipt requested, on each person whose 
whereabouts and interest in the seized property are known or easily 
ascertainable.
    (B) Contents. The notice shall be in substantially the same form as 
a complaint for forfeiture filed in United States District Court. The 
notice shall describe the property, including, in the case of motor 
vehicles, the license, registration, motor, and serial numbers. The 
notice shall state the time and place of seizure, as well as the reason 
therefor, and shall specify the value of the property as determined 
under Sec.  12.12. The notice shall contain a specific reference to the 
provisions of the laws or regulations allegedly violated

[[Page 39]]

and under which the property is subject to forfeiture. The notice shall 
state that any person desiring to claim the property must file a claim 
and a bond in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section, and 
shall state that if a proper claim and bond are not received by the 
proper office within the time prescribed by such paragraph, the property 
will be declared forfeited to the United States and disposed of 
according to law. The notice shall also advise interested persons of 
their right to file a petition for remission of forfeiture in accordance 
with Sec.  12.24.
    (2) Filing a claim and bond. Upon issuance of the notice of proposed 
forfeiture, any person claiming the seized property may file with the 
Solicitor's office indicated in the notice a claim to the property and a 
bond in the penal sum of $5,000, or ten per centum of the value of the 
claimed property, whichever is lower, but not less than $250. Any claim 
and bond must be received in such office within 30 days after the date 
of first publication or posting of the notice of proposed forfeiture. 
The claim shall state the claimant's interest in the property. The bond 
filed with the claim shall be on a United States Customs Form 4615 or on 
a similar form provided by the Department. There shall be endorsed on 
the bond a list or schedule in substantially the following form which 
shall be signed by the claimant in the presence of the witnesses to the 
bond, and attested by the witnesses:

    List or schedule containing a particular description of seized 
article, claim for which is covered by the within bond, to wit:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
    The foregoing list is correct.

Claimant __________
    Attest: __________


The claim and bond referred to in this paragraph shall not entitle the 
claimant or any other person to possession of the property.
    (3) Transmittal to Attorney General. As soon as practicable after 
timely receipt by the proper office of a proper claim and bond in 
accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the Solicitor shall 
transmit such claim and bond to the Attorney General for institution of 
forfeiture proceedings in U.S. District Court.
    (4) Motion for stay. Upon issuance of the notice of proposed 
forfeiture, any person claiming the seized property may file with the 
Solicitor's regional or field office indicated in the notice a motion to 
stay administrative forfeiture proceedings. Any motion for stay must be 
filed within 30 days after the date of first publication or posting of 
the notice of the proposed forfeiture. Each motion must contain:
    (i) The claimant's verified statement showing that he or she holds 
absolute, fee simple title to the seized property, free and clear of all 
liens, encumbrances, security interests, or other third-party interests, 
contingent or vested; and (ii) the claimant's offer to pay in advance 
all reasonable costs anticipated to be incurred in the storage, care, 
and maintenance of the seized property for which administrative 
forfeiture is sought. Where a stay of administrative forfeiture 
proceedings would not injure or impair the rights of any third parties 
and where the claimant has agreed to pay in advance anticipated, 
reasonable storage costs associated with the granting of a stay, the 
Regional or Field Solicitor as appropriate may, in his discretion, grant 
the motion for stay and specify reasonable and prudent conditions 
therefor, including but not limited to the duration of the stay, a 
description of the factors which would automatically terminate the stay, 
and any requirement for a bond (including amount) to secure the payment 
of storage and other maintenance costs. If a motion for stay is denied, 
or if a stay is terminated for any reason, the claimant must file, if he 
or she has not already done so, a claim and bond in accordance with 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section not later than 30 days after receipt of 
the Solicitor's Office denial or termination order. Failure to file the 
claim and bond within 30 days will result in summary foreiture under 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (c) Summary forfeiture. If a proper claim and bond are not received 
by the proper office within 30 days as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of 
this section, the Solicitor shall declare the property forfeited. The 
declaration of forfeiture

[[Page 40]]

shall be in writing, and shall be sent by registered or certified mail, 
return receipt requested, to the Service and to each person whose 
whereabouts and prior interest in the seized property are known or 
easily ascertainable. The declaration shall be in substantially the same 
form as a default judgment of forfeiture entered in United States 
District Court. The declaration shall describe the property and state 
the time, place, and reason for its seizure. The declaration shall 
identify the notice of proposed forfeiture, describing the dates and 
manner of publication of the notice and any efforts made to serve the 
notice personally or by mail. The declaration shall state that in 
response to the notice a proper claim and bond were not timely received 
by the proper office from any claimant, and that therefore all potential 
claimants are deemed to admit the truth of the allegations of the 
notice. The declaration shall conclude with an order of condemnation and 
forfeiture of the property to the United States for disposition 
according to law.

[45 FR 17864, Mar. 19, 1980, as amended at 46 FR 44759, Sept. 8, 1981; 
47 FR 56860, Dec. 21, 1982; 50 FR 6350, Feb. 15, 1985]



Sec.  12.24  Petition for remission of forfeiture.

    (a) Any person who has an interest in cargo, of a vessel or other 
conveyance employed in unlawful taking, subject to forfeiture under the 
Marine Mammal Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq., or any person who 
has an interest in any property subject to forfeiture under the 
Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; Eagle Protection Act, 16 
U.S.C. 668 et seq.; Airborne Hunting Act, 16 U.S.C. 742j-1; or the Lacey 
Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq., or any person who has 
incurred or is alleged to have incurred a forfeiture of any such 
property, may file with the Solicitor or, when forfeiture proceedings 
have been brought in U.S. District Court, the Attorney General, a 
petition for remission of forfeiture.
    (b) A petition filed with the Solicitor need not be in any 
particular form, but it must be received before disposition of the 
property and must contain the following:
    (1) A description of the property;
    (2) The time and place of seizure;
    (3) Evidence of the petitioner's interest in the property, including 
contracts, bills of sale, invoices, security interests, certificates of 
title, and other satisfactory evidence; and
    (4) A statement of all facts and circumstances relied upon by the 
petitioner to justify remission of the forfeiture.
    (c) The petition shall be signed by the petitioner or the 
petitioner's attorney at law. If the petitioner is a corporation, the 
petition must be signed by an authorized officer, supervisory employee, 
or attorney at law, and the corporate seal shall be properly affixed to 
the signature.
    (d) A false statement in the petition may subject the petitioner to 
prosecution under title 18, U.S. Code, section 1001.
    (e) Upon receiving the petition, the Solicitor shall decide whether 
or not to grant relief. In making a decision, the Solicitor shall 
consider the information submitted by the petitioner, as well as any 
other available information relating to the matter.
    (f) If the Solicitor finds the existence of such mitigating 
circumstances as to justify remission or mitigation of the forfeiture or 
alleged forfeiture, the Solicitor may remit or mitigate the same upon 
such terms and conditions as may be reasonable and just or may order 
discontinuance of any proceeding under Sec.  12.23
    (g) If the Solicitor decides that relief should not be granted, the 
Solicitor shall so notify the petitioner in writing, stating in the 
notification the reasons for denying relief. The petitioner may then 
file a supplemental petition, but no supplemental petition shall be 
considered unless it is received within 60 days from the date of the 
Solicitor's notification denying the original petition.

[45 FR 17864, Mar. 19, 1980, as amended at 47 FR 56861, Dec. 21, 1982]



Sec.  12.25  Transfers in settlement of civil penalty claims.

    In the discretion of the Solicitor, an owner of wildlife or plants 
who may be liable for civil penalty under the Endangered Species Act, 16 
U.S.C. 1531 et

[[Page 41]]

seq.; Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 43; Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 
3371 et seq.; Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.; or Marine 
Mammal Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq., may be given an 
opportunity to completely or partially settle the civil penalty claim by 
transferring to the United States all right, title, and interest in any 
wildlife or plants that are subject to forfeiture. Such transfer may be 
accomplished by the owner's execution and return of a U.S. Customs Form 
4607 or a similar compromise transfer of property instrument provided by 
the Department.

[47 FR 56861, Dec. 21, 1982]



          Subpart D_Disposal of Forfeited or Abandoned Property

    Source: 47 FR 17525, Apr. 23, 1982, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  12.30  Purpose.

    Upon forfeiture or abandonment of any property to the United States 
under this part the Director shall dispose of such property under the 
provisions of this subpart D.



Sec.  12.31  Accountability.

    All property forfeited or abandoned under this part must be 
accounted for in official records. These records must include the 
following information:
    (a) A description of the item.
    (b) The date and place of the item's seizure (if any) and forfeiture 
or abandonment.
    (c) The investigative case file number with which the item was 
associated.
    (d) The name of any person known to have or to have had an interest 
in the item.
    (e) The date, place, and manner of the item's initial disposal.
    (f) Name of the official responsible for the initial disposal.
    (g) Domestic value of the property.



Sec.  12.32  Effect of prior illegality.

    The effect of any prior illegality on a subsequent holder of any 
wildlife or plant disposed of or subject to disposal is terminated upon 
forfeiture or abandonment, but the prohibitions, restrictions, 
conditions, or requirements which apply to a particular species of 
wildlife or plant under the laws or regulations of the United States or 
any State, including any applicable conservation, health, quarantine, 
agricultural, or Customs laws or regulations remain in effect as to the 
conduct of such holder.



Sec.  12.33  Disposal.

    (a) The Director shall dispose of any wildlife or plant forfeited or 
abandoned under the authority of this part, subject to the restrictions 
provided in this subpart, by one of the following means, unless the item 
is the subject of a petition for remission of forfeiture under Sec.  
12.24 of this part, or disposed of by court order:
    (1) Return to the wild;
    (2) Use by the Service or transfer to another government agency for 
official use;
    (3) Donation or loan;
    (4) Sale; or
    (5) Destruction.

In the exercise of the disposal authority, the Director ordinarily must 
dispose of any wildlife or plant in the order in which the disposal 
methods appear in this paragraph (a) of this section.
    (b) The Director shall dispose of any other property forfeited or 
abandoned under the authority of this part (including vehicles, vessels, 
aircraft, cargo, guns, nets, traps, and other equipment), except 
wildlife or plants, in accordance with current Federal Property 
Management Regulations (41 CFR chapter 101) and Interior Property 
Management Regulations (41 CFR chapter 114), unless the item is the 
subject of a petition for remission of forfeiture under Sec.  12.24 of 
this part, or disposed of by court order.
    (c) The Director shall dispose of property according to the 
following schedule, unless the property is the subject of a petition for 
remission of forfeiture under Sec.  12.24 of this part:
    (1) Any live wildlife or plant and any wildlife or plant that the 
Director determines is liable to perish, deteriorate, decay, waste, or 
greatly decrease in value by keeping, or that the expense of keeping is 
disproportionate to its value may be disposed of immediately after 
forfeiture or abandonment; and

[[Page 42]]

    (2) All other property may be disposed of no sooner than 60 days 
after forfeiture or abandonment.
    (d) If the property is the subject of a petition for remission of 
forfeiture under Sec.  12.24 of this part, the Director may not dispose 
of the property until the Solicitor or Attorney General makes a final 
decision not to grant relief.



Sec.  12.34  Return to the wild.

    (a) Any live member of a native species of wildlife which is capable 
of surviving may be released to the wild in suitable habitat within the 
historical range of the species in the United States with the permission 
of the landowner, unless release poses an imminent danger to public 
health or safety.
    (b) Any live member of a native species of plant which is capable of 
surviving may be transplanted in suitable habitat on Federal or other 
protected lands within the historical range of the species in the United 
States with the permission of the landowner.
    (c) Any live member of an exotic species of wildlife (including 
injurious wildlife) or plant may not be returned to the wild in the 
U.S., but may be returned to one of the following countries for return 
to suitable habitat in accordance with the provisions of Sec.  12.35 of 
this part if it is capable of surviving:
    (1) The country of export (if known) after consultation with and at 
the expense of the country of export, or
    (2) A country within the historic range of the species which is 
party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of 
Wild Fauna and Flora (TIAS 8249) after consultation with and at the 
expense of such country.



Sec.  12.35  Use by the Service or transfer to another government agency
for official use.

    (a) Wildlife and plants may be used by the Service or transferred to 
another government agency (including foreign agencies) for official use 
including, but not limited to, one or more of the following purposes:
    (1) Training government officials to perform their official duties;
    (2) Identifying protected wildlife or plants, including forensic 
identification or research;
    (3) Educating the public concerning the conservation of wildlife or 
plants;
    (4) Conducting law enforcement operations in performance of official 
duties;
    (5) Enhancing the propagation or survival of a species or other 
scientific purposes;
    (6) Presenting as evidence in a legal proceeding involving the 
wildlife or plant; or
    (7) Returning to the wild in accordance with Sec.  12.34 of this 
part.
    (b) Each transfer and the terms of the transfer must be documented.
    (c) The agency receiving the wildlife or plants may be required to 
bear all costs of care, storage, and transportation in connection with 
the transfer from the date of seizure to the date of delivery.



Sec.  12.36  Donation or loan.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, wildlife and 
plants may be donated or loaned for scientific, educational, or public 
display purposes to any person who demonstrates the ability to provide 
adequate care and security for the item.
    (b) Any donation or loan may be made only after execution of a 
transfer document between the Director and the donee/borrower, which is 
subject to the following conditions:
    (1) The purpose for which the wildlife or plants are to be used must 
be stated on the transfer document;
    (2) Any attempt by the donee/borrower to use the donation or loan 
for any other purpose except that stated on the transfer document 
entitles the Director to immediate repossession of the wildlife or 
plants;
    (3) The donee/borrower must pay all costs associated with the 
transfer, including the costs of care, storage, transportation, and 
return to the Service (if applicable);
    (4) The donee/borrower may be required to account periodically for 
the donation or loan;
    (5) The donee/borrower is not relieved from the prohibitions, 
restrictions, conditions, or requirements which may apply to a 
particular species of wildlife

[[Page 43]]

or plant imposed by the laws or regulations of the United States or any 
State, including any applicable health, quarantine, agricultural, or 
Customs laws or regulations.
    (6) Any attempt by a donee to retransfer the donation during the 
time period specified in the transfer document within which the donee 
may not retransfer the donation without the prior authorization of the 
Director entitles the Director to immediate repossession of the wildlife 
or plants;
    (7) Any attempt by a borrower to retransfer the loan without the 
prior authorization of the Director entitles the Director to immediate 
repossession of the wildlife or plants;
    (8) Subject to applicable limitations of law, duly authorized 
Service officers at all reasonable times shall, upon notice, be afforded 
access to the place where the donation or loan is kept and an 
opportunity to inspect it;
    (9) Any donation is subject to conditions specified in the transfer 
document, the violation of which causes the property to revert to the 
United States;
    (10) Any loan is for an indefinite period of time unless a date on 
which the loan must be returned to the Service is stated on the transfer 
document; and
    (11) Any loan remains the property of the United States, and the 
Director may demand its return at any time.
    (c) Wildlife and plants may be donated to individual American 
Indians for the practice of traditional American Indian religions. Any 
donation of the parts of bald or golden eagles to American Indians may 
only be made to individuals authorized by permit issued in accordance 
with Sec.  22.60 of this title to possess such items.
    (d) Edible wildlife, fit for human consumption, may be donated to a 
non-profit, tax-exempt charitable organization for use as food, but not 
for barter or sale.
    (e) Wildlife and plants may be loaned to government agencies 
(including foreign agencies) for official use. Each transfer and the 
terms of the transfer must be documented.

[45 FR 17864, Mar. 19, 1980, as amended at 87 FR 879, Jan. 7, 2022]



Sec.  12.37  Sale.

    (a) Wildlife and plants may be sold or offered for sale, except any 
species which at the time it is to be sold or offered for sale falls 
into one of the following categories:
    (1) Listed in Sec.  10.13 of this title as a migratory bird 
protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-712);
    (2) Protected under the Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668-668d);
    (3) Listed in Sec.  23.33 of this title as ``Appendix I'' under the 
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna 
and Flora;
    (4) Listed in Sec.  17.11 of this title as ``endangered'' or 
``threatened'' under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 
1533), unless the item or species may be lawfully traded in interstate 
commerce; and
    (5) Protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 
1361-1407), unless the item or species may be lawfully traded in 
interstate commerce.
    (b) Wildlife and plants must be sold in accordance with current 
Federal Property Management Regulations (41 CFR chapter 101) and 
Interior Property Management Regulations (41 CFR chapter 114) or U.S. 
Customs laws and regulations, except the Director may sell any wildlife 
or plant immediately for its fair market value if the Director 
determines that it is liable to perish, deteriorate, decay, waste, or 
greatly decrease in value by keeping, or that the expense of keeping it 
is disproportionate to its value.
    (c) Wildlife or plants which may not be possessed lawfully by 
purchasers under the laws of the State where held may be moved to a 
State where possession is lawful and may be sold.
    (d) Wildlife or plants purchased at sale are subject to the 
prohibitions, restrictions, conditions, or requirements which apply to a 
particular species of wildlife or plant imposed by the laws or 
regulations of the United States or any State, including any applicable 
conservation, health, quarantine, agricultural, or Customs laws or 
regulations, except as provided by Sec.  12.32 of this part.
    (e) The Director may use the proceeds of sale to reimburse the 
Service for any costs which by law the Service

[[Page 44]]

is authorized to recover or to pay any rewards which by law may be paid 
from sums the Service receives.



Sec.  12.38  Destruction.

    (a) Wildlife and plants not otherwise disposed of must be destroyed.
    (b) When destroyed, the fact, manner, and date of destruction and 
the type and quantity destroyed must be certified by the official 
actually destroying the items.



Sec.  12.39  Information on property available for disposal.

    Persons interested in obtaining information on property which is 
available for disposal should contact the appropriate Special Agent in 
Charge listed in Sec.  10.22 of this title.



     Subpart E_Restoration of Proceeds and Recovery of Storage Costs



Sec.  12.41  Petition for restoration of proceeds.

    (a) Any person claiming any property or interest therein which has 
been forfeited under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; 
Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.; Airborne Hunting Act, 16 
U.S.C. 742j-1; or the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et 
seq., and sold according to law, or any person claiming cargo or an 
interest therein, of a vessel or other conveyance employed in unlawful 
taking which has been forfeited under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, 
16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq., and sold according to law, may file with the 
Solicitor or, where forfeiture proceedings have been brought in U.S. 
District Court, the Attorney General, a petition for restoration of 
proceeds.
    (b) A petition filed with the Solicitor need not be in any 
particular form, but it must be received within three months after the 
date of sale of the property and must contain the following:
    (1) A description of the property;
    (2) The time and place of seizure;
    (3) Evidence of the petitioner's interest in the property, including 
contracts, bills of sale, invoices, security interests, certificates of 
title, and other satisfactory evidence;
    (4) A request for restoration of the proceeds or such part thereof 
as is claimed by the petitioner; and
    (5) A statement of all facts and circumstances relied upon by the 
petitioner to justify restoration of the proceeds, including proof that 
the petitioner did not know of the seizure before the declaration or 
order of forfeiture and was in such circumstances as prevented the 
petitioner from knowing of the same.
    (c) The petition shall be signed by the petitioner or the 
petitioner's attorney at law. If the petitioner is a corporation, the 
petition must be signed by an authorized officer, supervisory employee, 
or attorney at law, and the corporate seal shall be properly affixed to 
the signature.
    (d) A false statement in the petition may subject the petitioner to 
prosecution under title 18, U.S. Code, section 1001.
    (e) Upon receiving the petition, the Solicitor shall decide whether 
or not to grant relief. In making a decision, the Solicitor shall 
consider the information submitted by the petitioner, as well as any 
other available information relating to the matter.
    (f) If the Solicitor finds the existence of such mitigating 
circumstances as to justify restoration of the proceeds or any part 
thereof and that the petitioner did not know of the seizure before the 
declaration or order of forfeiture and was in such circumstances as 
prevented the petitioner from knowing of the same, the Solicitor may 
order the proceeds or any part thereof restored to the petitioner, after 
deducting from such proceeds the costs of seizure, storage, forfeiture 
and disposition, the duties, if any, accruing on the seized property, 
and any sum due on a lien for freight, charges, or contribution in 
general average, notice of which has been filed with the Solicitor 
according to law.
    (g) If the Solicitor decides that relief should not be granted, the 
Solicitor shall so notify the petitioner in writing, stating in the 
notification the reasons for denying relief. The petitioner may then 
file a supplemental petition, but no supplemental petition shall be 
considered unless it is received within 60 days from the date of the 
Solicitor's

[[Page 45]]

notification denying the original petition.

[45 FR 17864, Mar. 19, 1980, as amended at 47 FR 56861, Dec. 21, 1982]



Sec.  12.42  Recovery of certain storage costs.

    If any wildlife, plant, or evidentiary item is seized and forfeited 
under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq., any person 
whose act or omission was the basis for the seizure may be charged a 
reasonable fee for expenses to the United States connected with the 
transfer, board, handling, or storage of such property. If any fish, 
wildlife or plant is seized in connection with a violation of the Lacey 
Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371, et seq., any person convicted 
thereof, or assessed a civil penalty therefor, may be assessed a 
reasonable fee for expenses of the United States connected with the 
storage, care and maintenance of such property. Within a reasonable time 
after forfeiture, the Service shall send to such person by registered or 
certified mail, return receipt requested, a bill for such fee. The bill 
shall contain an itemized statement of the applicable costs, together 
with instructions on the time and manner of payment. Payment shall be 
made in accordance with the bill. The recipient of any assessment of 
costs under this section who has an objection to the reasonableness of 
the costs described in the bill may, within 30 days of the date on which 
he received the bill, file written objections with the Regional Director 
of the Fish and Wildlife Service for the Region in which the seizure 
occurred. Upon receipt of the written objections, the appropriate 
Regional Director will promptly review them and within 30 days mail his 
final decision to the party who filed objections. In all cases, the 
Regional Director's decision shall constitute final administrative 
action on the matter.

[47 FR 56861, Dec. 21, 1982]



                      Subpart F_Return of Property



Sec.  12.51  Return procedure.

    If, at the conclusion of the appropriate proceedings, seized 
property is to be returned to the owner or consignee, the Solicitor or 
Service shall issue a letter or other document authorizing its return. 
This letter or other document shall be delivered personally or sent by 
registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, and shall 
identify the owner or consignee, the seized property, and, if 
appropriate, the bailee of the seized property. It shall also provide 
that upon presentation of the letter or other document and proper 
identification, and the signing of a receipt provided by the Service, 
the seized property is authorized to be released, provided it is 
properly marked in accordance with applicable State or Federal 
requirements.



PART 13_GENERAL PERMIT PROCEDURES--Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
13.1 General.
13.2 Purpose of regulations.
13.3 Scope of regulations.
13.4 Emergency variation from requirements.
13.5 Information collection requirements.

                    Subpart B_Application for Permits

13.11 Application procedures.
13.12 General information requirements on applications for permits.

                     Subpart C_Permit Administration

13.21 Issuance of permits.
13.22 Renewal of permits.
13.23 Amendment of permits.
13.24 Right of succession by certain persons.
13.25 Transfer of permits and scope of permit authorization.
13.26 Discontinuance of permit activity.
13.27 Permit suspension.
13.28 Permit revocation.
13.29 Review procedures.

                          Subpart D_Conditions

13.41 Humane conditions.
13.42 Permits are specific.
13.43 Alteration of permits.
13.44 Display of permit.
13.45 Filing of reports.
13.46 Maintenance of records.
13.47 Inspection requirement.
13.48 Compliance with conditions of permit.
13.49 Surrender of permit.
13.50 Acceptance of liability.

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668a, 704, 712, 742j-l, 1374(g), 1382, 1538(d), 
1539, 1540(f), 3374, 4901-

[[Page 46]]

4916; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 1202; 31 U.S.C. 9701.

    Source: 39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  13.1  General.

    (a) A person must obtain a valid permit before commencing an 
activity for which a permit is required by this subchapter, except as 
provided in Sec.  23.53 of this subchapter for retrospective permits for 
certain CITES shipments under very specific situations.
    (b) A person must apply for such a permit under the general permit 
procedures of this part and any other regulations in this subchapter 
that apply to the proposed activity.
    (1) The requirements of all applicable parts of this subchapter must 
be met.
    (2) A person may submit one application that includes the 
information required in each part of this subchapter, and a single 
permit will be issued if appropriate.

[72 FR 48445, Aug. 23, 2007]



Sec.  13.2  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part provide uniform rules, 
conditions, and procedures for the application for and the issuance, 
denial, suspension, revocation, and general administration of all 
permits issued pursuant to this subchapter B.

[54 FR 38147, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.3  Scope of regulations.

    The provisions in this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu 
of, other permit regulations of this subchapter and apply to all permits 
issued thereunder, including ``Importation, Exportation and 
Transportation of Wildlife'' (part 14), ``Wild Bird Conservation Act'' 
(part 15), ``Injurious Wildlife'' (part 16), ``Endangered and Threatened 
Wildlife and Plants'' (part 17), ``Marine Mammals'' (part 18), 
``Migratory Bird Permits'' (part 21), ``Eagle Permits'' (part 22), and 
`` Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna 
and Flora (CITES)'' (part 23). As used in this part 13, the term 
``permit'' will refer to a license, permit, certificate, letter of 
authorization, or other document as the context may require, and to all 
such documents issued by the Service or other authorized U.S. or foreign 
government agencies.

[70 FR 18317, Apr. 11, 2005, as amended at 79 FR 30417, May 27, 2014]



Sec.  13.4  Emergency variation from requirements.

    The Director may approve variations from the requirements of this 
part when he finds that an emergency exists and that the proposed 
variations will not hinder effective administration of this subchapter 
B, and will not be unlawful.



Sec.  13.5  Information collection requirements.

    (a) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information 
collection requirements contained in this part 13 under 44 U.S.C. and 
assigned OMB Control Number 1018-0092. The Service may not conduct or 
sponsor, and you are not required to respond, to a collection of 
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We 
are collecting this information to provide information necessary to 
evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review 
permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria 
established in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and 
regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial permits. 
You must respond to obtain or retain a permit.
    (b) We estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting 
requirements to vary from 15 minutes to 4 hours per response, with an 
average of 0.803 hours per response, including time for reviewing 
instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and 
reviewing the forms. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or 
any other aspect of these reporting requirements to the Service 
Information Collection Control Officer, MS-222 ARLSQ, U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service, Washington, DC 20240, or the Office of Management and 
Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (1018-0092), Washington, DC 20603.

[63 FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998]

[[Page 47]]



                    Subpart B_Application for Permits



Sec.  13.11  Application procedures.

    The Service may not issue a permit for any activity authorized by 
this subchapter B unless you have filed an application under the 
following procedures:
    (a) Forms. Applications must be submitted in writing on a Federal 
Fish and Wildlife License/Permit Application (Form 3-200) or as 
otherwise specifically directed by the Service.
    (b) Forwarding instructions. Applications for permits in the 
following categories should be forwarded to the issuing office indicated 
below.
    (1) You may obtain applications for migratory bird banding permits 
(50 CFR 21.70) by writing to: Bird Banding Laboratory, USGS Patuxent 
Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, Maryland 
20708-4037. Submit completed permit applications to the same address.
    (2) You may obtain applications for designated port exception 
permits and import/export licenses (50 CFR 14) by writing to the Special 
Agent in Charge (SAC) of the Region in which you reside (see 50 CFR 2.2 
or the Service Web site, http://www.fws.gov, for addresses and 
boundaries of the Regions). Submit completed permit applications to the 
same address.
    (3) You may obtain applications for Wild Bird Conservation Act 
permits (50 CFR part 15); injurious wildlife permits (50 CFR part 16); 
captive-bred wildlife registrations (50 CFR part 17); permits 
authorizing import, export, or foreign commerce of endangered and 
threatened species, and interstate commerce of nonnative endangered or 
threatened species (50 CFR part 17); marine mammal permits (50 CFR part 
18); and permits and certificates for import, export, and re-export of 
species listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered 
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (50 CFR part 23) from the 
Service's permits Web page at http://www.fws.gov/permits/ or from the 
Division of Management Authority at the address provided at 50 CFR 
2.1(b). Submit completed permit applications to the same street address.
    (4) You may obtain Endangered Species Act permit applications (50 
CFR 17) for activities involving native endangered and threatened 
species, including incidental take, scientific purposes, enhancement of 
propagation or survival (i.e., recovery), and enhancement of survival by 
writing to the Regional Director (Attention: Endangered Species Permits) 
of the Region where the activity is to take place (see 50 CFR 2.2 or the 
Service Web site, http://www.fws.gov, for addresses and boundaries of 
the Regions). Submit completed applications to the same address (the 
Regional office covering the area where the activity will take place). 
Permit applications for interstate commerce for native endangered and 
threatened species should be obtained by writing to the Regional 
Director (Attention: Endangered Species Permits) of the Region that has 
the lead for the particular species, rather than the Region where the 
activity will take place. You can obtain information on the lead Region 
via the Service's Endangered Species Program Web page (http://
endangered.fws.gov/wildlife.html) by entering the common or scientific 
name of the listed species in the Regulatory Profile query box. Send 
interstate commerce permit applications for native listed species to the 
same Regional Office that has the lead for that species. Endangered 
Species Act permit applications for the import or export of native 
endangered and threatened species may be obtained from the Division of 
Management Authority in accordance with paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section.
    (5) You may obtain applications for bald and golden eagle permits 
(50 CFR part 22) and migratory bird permits (50 CFR part 21), except for 
banding and marking permits, from, and you may submit completed 
applications to, the ``Migratory Bird Permit Program Office'' in the 
Region in which you reside. For addresses of the regional offices, see 
50 CFR 2.2, or go to: http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/mbpermits/
Addresses.html.
    (c) Time notice. The Service will process all applications as 
quickly as possible. However, we cannot guarantee final action within 
the time limit you

[[Page 48]]

request. You should ensure that applications for permits for marine 
mammals and/or endangered and threatened species are postmarked at least 
90 calendar days prior to the requested effective date. The time we 
require for processing of endangered and threatened species incidental 
take permits will vary according to the project scope and significance 
of effects. Submit applications for all other permits to the issuing/
reviewing office and ensure they are postmarked at least 60 calendar 
days prior to the requested effective date. Our processing time may be 
increased by the procedural requirements of the National Environmental 
Policy Act (NEPA), the requirement to publish a notice in the Federal 
Register requesting a 30-day public comment period when we receive 
certain types of permit applications, and/or the time required for 
extensive consultation within the Service, with other Federal agencies, 
and/or State or foreign governments. When applicable, we may require 
permit applicants to provide additional information on the proposal and 
on its environmental effects as may be necessary to satisfy the 
procedural requirements of NEPA.
    (d) Fees. (1) Unless otherwise exempted under this paragraph (d), 
you must pay the required permit processing fee at the time that you 
apply for issuance or amendment of a permit. You must pay in U.S. 
dollars. If you submit a check or money order, it must be made payable 
to the ``U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.'' The Service will not refund 
any application fee under any circumstances if we have processed the 
application. However, we may return the application fee if you withdraw 
the application before we have significantly processed it.
    (2) If regulations in this subchapter require more than one type of 
permit for an activity and the permits are issued by the same office, 
the issuing office may issue one consolidated permit authorizing the 
activity in accordance with Sec.  13.1. You may submit a single 
application in such cases, provided that the single application contains 
all the information required by the separate applications for each 
permitted activity. Where more than one permitted activity is 
consolidated into one permit, the issuing office will charge the highest 
single fee for the activity permitted.
    (3) Circumstances under which we will not charge a permit 
application fee are as follows:
    (i) We will not charge a permit application fee to any Federal, 
tribal, State, or local government agency or to any individual or 
institution acting on behalf of such agency. Except as otherwise 
authorized or waived, if you fail to submit evidence of such status with 
your application, we will require the submission of all processing fees 
prior to the acceptance of the application for processing.
    (ii) As noted in paragraph (d)(4) of this section.
    (iii) We may waive the fee on a case-by-case basis for extraordinary 
extenuating circumstances provided that the issuing permit office and a 
Regional or Assistant Director approves the waiver.
    (4) User fees. The following table identifies specific fees for each 
permit application or amendment to a current permit. If no fee is 
identified under the Amendment Fee column, this particular permit either 
cannot be amended and a new application, and application fee, would need 
to be submitted or no fee will be charged for amending the permit 
(please contact the issuing office for further information).

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Permit  application   Administration
          Type of permit                CFR  Citation               fee                fee\1\     Amendment  fee
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Migratory Bird Treaty Act
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Migratory Bird Import/Export......  50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
Migratory Bird Banding or Marking.  50 CFR part 21.......  No fee...............
Migratory Bird Scientific           50 CFR part 21.......  100..................  ..............              50
 Collecting.
Migratory Bird Taxidermy..........  50 CFR part 21.......  100..................
Waterfowl Sale and Disposal.......  50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
Special Canada Goose..............  50 CFR part 21.......  No fee...............
Migratory Bird Special Purpose/     50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
 Education.
Migratory Bird Special Purpose/     50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
 Salvage.

[[Page 49]]

 
Migratory Bird Special Purpose/     50 CFR part 21.......  75...................
 Game Bird Propagation.
Migratory Bird Special Purpose/     50 CFR part 21.......  100..................
 Miscellaneous.
Raptor Propagation................  50 CFR part 21.......  100..................
Migratory Bird Rehabilitation.....  50 CFR part 21.......  50...................
Migratory Bird Depredation........  50 CFR part 21.......  100..................  ..............              50
Migratory Bird Depredation/         50 CFR part 21.......  50...................
 Homeowner.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eagle Scientific Collecting.......  50 CFR part 22.......  100..................  ..............              50
Eagle Exhibition..................  50 CFR part 22.......  75...................
Eagle--Native American Religion...  50 CFR part 22.......  No fee...............
Eagle Take permits--Depredation     50 CFR part 22.......  100..................
 and Protection of Health and
 Safety.
Golden Eagle Nest Take............  50 CFR part 22.......  100..................  ..............              50
Eagle Transport--Scientific or      50 CFR part 22.......  75...................
 Exhibition.
Eagle Transport--Native American    50 CFR part 22.......  No fee...............
 Religious Purposes.
Eagle Incidental Take--Up to 5      50 CFR part 22.......  2,500................  ..............             500
 years, Commercial.
Eagle Incidental Take--Non-         50 CFR part 22.......  500..................  ..............             150
 commercial.
Eagle Incidental Take--5-30 years.  50 CFR part 22.......  36,000...............       \1\ 8,000
Eagle Incidental Take--Transfer of  50 CFR part 22.......  1,000................
 a permit.
Eagle Nest Take--Single nest,       50 CFR part 22.......  2,500................  ..............             500
 Commercial.
Eagle Nest Take--Single nest, Non-  50 CFR part 22.......  500..................  ..............             150
 commercial.
Eagle Nest Take--Multiple nests...  50 CFR part 22.......  5,000................  ..............             500
Eagle Take--Exempted under ESA....  50 CFR part 22.......  No fee...............
                                     Endangered Species Act/CITES/Lacey Act
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ESA Recovery......................  50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
ESA Interstate Commerce...........  50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
ESA Enhancement of Survival (Safe   50 CFR part 17.......  50...................  ..............              25
 Harbor Agreement).
ESA Enhancement of Survival         50 CFR part 17.......  50...................  ..............              25
 (Candidate Conservation Agreement
 with Assurances).
ESA Incidental Take (Habitat        50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
 Conservation Plan).
ESA and CITES Import/Export and     50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
 Foreign Commerce.
ESA and CITES Museum Exchange.....  50 CFR part 17.......  100..................  ..............              50
ESA Captive-bred Wildlife           50 CFR part 17.......  200..................  ..............             100
 Registration.
--Renewal of Captive-bred Wildlife  50 CFR part 17.......  100..................
 Registration.
CITES Import (including trophies    50 CFR parts 17, 18,   100..................  ..............              50
 under ESA and MMPA).                23.
CITES Export......................  50 CFR part 23.......  100..................  ..............              50
CITES Pre-Convention..............  50 CFR part 23.......  75...................  ..............              40
CITES Certificate of Origin.......  50 CFR part 23.......  75...................  ..............              40
CITES Re-export...................  50 CFR part 23.......  75...................  ..............              40
CITES Personal Effects and Pet      50 CFR part 23.......  50...................
 Export/Re-export.
CITES Appendix II Export (native    50 CFR part 23.......  100..................  ..............              50
 furbearers and alligators--
 excluding live animals).
CITES Master File (includes files   50 CFR part 23.......  200..................  ..............             100
 for artificial propagation,
 biomedical, etc., and covers
 import, export, and re-export
 documents).
--Renewal of CITES Master File....  50 CFR part 23.......  100..................
--Single-use permits issued on      50 CFR part 23.......  5 \2\................
 Master File.
CITES Annual Program File.........  50 CFR part 23.......  50...................
--Single-use permits issued under   50 CFR part 23.......  5 \2\................
 Annual Program.
CITES replacement documents (lost,  50 CFR part 23.......  50...................  ..............              50
 stolen, or damaged documents).
CITES Passport for Traveling        50 CFR part 23.......  75 \3\...............
 Exhibitions and Pets.
CITES/ESA Passport for Traveling    50 CFR part 23.......  100 \3\..............
 Exhibitions.
CITES Introduction from the Sea...  50 CFR part 23.......  100..................  ..............              50
CITES Participation in the Plant    50 CFR part 23.......  No fee...............
 Rescue Center Program.
CITES Registration of Commercial    50 CFR part 23.......  100..................
 Breeding Operations for Appendix-
 I Wildlife.
CITES Request for Approval of an    50 CFR part 23.......  No fee...............
 Export Program for a State or
 Tribe (American Ginseng, Certain
 Furbearers, and American
 Alligator).
Import/Export License.............  50 CFR part 14.......  100..................  ..............              50
Designated Port Exception.........  50 CFR part 14.......  100..................  ..............              50
Injurious Wildlife Permit.........  50 CFR part 16.......  100..................  ..............              50

[[Page 50]]

 
--Transport Authorization for       50 CFR part 16.......  25...................
 Injurious Wildlife.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        Wild Bird Conservation Act (WBCA)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personal Pet Import...............  50 CFR part 15.......  50...................
WBCA Scientific Research,           50 CFR part 15.......  100..................  ..............              50
 Zoological Breeding or Display,
 Cooperative Breeding.
WBCA Approval of Cooperative        50 CFR part 15.......  200..................  ..............             100
 Breeding Program.
--Renewal of a WBCA Cooperative     50 CFR part 15.......  50...................
 Breeding Program.
WBCA Approval of a Foreign          50 CFR part 15.......  250 \4\..............
 Breeding Facility.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Marine Mammal Protection Act
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marine Mammal Public Display......  50 CFR part 18.......  300..................  ..............             150
Marine Mammal Scientific Research/  50 CFR part 18.......  150..................  ..............              75
 Enhancement/Registered Agent or
 Tannery.
--Renewal of Marine Mammal          50 CFR part 18.......  75...................  ..............
 Scientific Research/Enhancement/
 Registered Agent or Tannery.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ An additional Administration Fee of $8,000 will be assessed every 5 years for permits with durations longer
  than 5 years for permit review.
\2\ Each.
\3\ Per animal.
\4\ Per species.

    (5) We will charge a fee for substantive amendments made to permits 
within the time period that the permit is still valid. The fee is 
generally half the original fee assessed at the time that the permit is 
processed; see paragraph (d)(4) of this section for the exact amount. 
Substantive amendments are those that pertain to the purpose and 
conditions of the permit and are not purely administrative. 
Administrative changes, such as updating name and address information, 
are required under 13.23(c), and we will not charge a fee for such 
amendments.
    (6) Except as specifically noted in paragraph (d)(4) of this 
section, a permit renewal is an issuance of a new permit, and applicants 
for permit renewal must pay the appropriate fee listed in paragraph 
(d)(4) of this section.
    (e) Abandoned or incomplete applications. If we receive an 
incomplete or improperly executed application, or if you do not submit 
the proper fees, the issuing office will notify you of the deficiency. 
If you fail to supply the correct information to complete the 
application or to pay the required fees within 45 calendar days of the 
date of notification, we will consider the application abandoned. We 
will not refund any fees for an abandoned application.

[70 FR 18317, Apr. 11, 2005, as amended at 72 FR 48445, Aug. 23, 2007; 
73 FR 29083, May 20, 2008; 73 FR 42281, July 21, 2008; 74 FR 46875, 
Sept. 11, 2009; 78 FR 35152, June 12, 2013; 78 FR 73723, Dec. 9, 2013; 
79 FR 30417, May 27, 2014; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014; 81 FR 8002, Feb. 
17, 2016; 82 FR 41177, Aug. 30, 2017; 87 FR 880, Jan. 7, 2022]



Sec.  13.12  General information requirements on applications for permits.

    (a) General information required for all applications. All 
applications must contain the following information:
    (1) Applicant's full name and address (street address, city, county, 
state, and zip code; and mailing address if different from street 
address); home and work telephone numbers; and, if available, a fax 
number and e-mail address, and:
    (i) If the applicant resides or is located outside the United 
States, an address in the United States, and, if conducting commercial 
activities, the name and address of his or her agent that is located in 
the United States; and
    (ii) If the applicant is an individual, the date of birth, social 
security number, if available, occupation, and any business, agency, 
organizational, or institutional affiliation associated with

[[Page 51]]

the wildlife or plants to be covered by the license or permit; or
    (iii) If the applicant is a business, corporation, public agency, or 
institution, the tax identification number; description of the type of 
business, corporation, agency, or institution; and the name and title of 
the person responsible for the permit (such as president, principal 
officer, or director);
    (2) Location where the requested permitted activity is to occur or 
be conducted;
    (3) Reference to the part(s) and section(s) of this subchapter B as 
listed in paragraph (b) of this section under which the application is 
made for a permit or permits, together with any additional 
justification, including supporting documentation as required by the 
referenced part(s) and section(s);
    (4) If the requested permitted activity involves the import or re-
export of wildlife or plants from or to any foreign country, and the 
country of origin, or the country of export or re-export restricts the 
taking, possession, transportation, exportation, or sale of wildlife or 
plants, documentation as indicated in Sec.  14.52(c) of this subchapter 
B;
    (5) Certification in the following language:

    I hereby certify that I have read and am familiar with the 
regulations contained in title 50, part 13, of the Code of Federal 
Regulations and the other applicable parts in subchapter B of chapter I 
of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, and I further certify that the 
information submitted in this application for a permit is complete and 
accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. I understand that any 
false statement herein may subject me to suspension or revocation of 
this permit and to the criminal penalties of 18 U.S.C. 1001.

    (6) Desired effective date of permit except where issuance date is 
fixed by the part under which the permit is issued;
    (7) Date;
    (8) Signature of the applicant; and
    (9) Such other information as the Director determines relevant to 
the processing of the application, including, but not limited to, 
information on the environmental effects of the activity consistent with 
40 CFR 1506.5 and Departmental procedures at 516 DM 6, Appendix 1.3A.
    (b) Additional information required on permit applications. As 
stated in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, certain additional 
information is required on all permit applications. For CITES permit 
applications, see part 23 of this subchapter. Additional information 
required on applications for other types of permits may be found by 
referring to the sections of this subchapter cited in the following 
table:

                        Table 1 to Paragraph (b)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Type of permit                           Section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Importation at nondesignated ports:
  Scientific................................................       14.31
  Deterioration prevention..................................       14.32
  Economic hardship.........................................       14.33
Marking of package or container:
  Symbol marking............................................       14.83
  Import/export license.....................................       14.93
Feather import quota: Importation or entry..................       15.21
Injurious wildlife: Importation or shipment.................       16.22
Endangered wildlife and plant permits:
  Similarity of appearance..................................       17.52
  Scientific, enhancement of propagation or survival,              17.22
   incidental taking for wildlife...........................
  Scientific, propagation, or survival for plants...........       17.62
  Economic hardship for wildlife............................       17.23
  Economic hardship for plants..............................       17.63
Threatened wildlife and plant permits:
  Similarity of appearance..................................       17.52
  General for wildlife......................................       17.32
  General for plants........................................       17.72
Marine mammals permits:
  Scientific research.......................................       18.31
  Public display............................................       18.31
Migratory bird permits:
  Taxidermist...............................................       21.63
  Import and export.........................................       21.67
  Banding or marking........................................       21.70
  Scientific collecting.....................................       21.73
  Rehabilitation............................................       21.76
  Falconry..................................................       21.82
  Raptor propagation permit.................................       21.85
  Waterfowl sale and disposal...............................       21.88
  Special purpose...........................................       21.95
  Depredation...............................................      21.100
  Special Canada goose......................................      21.120
  Special double-crested cormorant..........................      21.123
Eagle permits:
  Scientific or exhibition..................................       22.50
  Indian religious use......................................       22.60
  Falconry purposes.........................................       22.70
  Take of golden eagle nests................................       22.75
  Eagle take--Associated with but not the purpose of an            22.80
   activity.................................................
  Eagle nest take...........................................       22.85
  Eagle take--Exempted under ESA............................       22.90
  Depredation and protection of health and safety...........      22.100
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 52]]


[39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 10465, Feb. 22, 1977; 42 
FR 32377, June 24, 1977; 44 FR 54006, Sept. 17, 1979; 44 FR 59083, Oct. 
12, 1979; 45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 78154, Nov. 25, 1980; 46 FR 
42680, Aug. 24, 1981; 48 FR 31607, July 8, 1983; 48 FR 57300, Dec. 29, 
1983; 50 FR 39687, Sept. 30, 1985; 50 FR 45408, Oct. 31, 1985; 54 FR 
38147, Sept. 14, 1989; 70 FR 18319, Apr. 11, 2005; 72 FR 48446, Aug. 23, 
2007; 73 FR 29083, May 20, 2008; 74 FR 46876, Sept. 11, 2009; 79 FR 
30417, May 27, 2014; 87 FR 880, Jan. 7, 2022]



                     Subpart C_Permit Administration



Sec.  13.21  Issuance of permits.

    (a) No permit may be issued prior to the receipt of a written 
application therefor, unless a written variation from the requirements, 
as authorized by Sec.  13.4, is inserted into the official file of the 
Bureau. An oral or written representation of an employee or agent of the 
United States Government, or an action of such employee or agent, shall 
not be construed as a permit unless it meets the requirements of a 
permit as defined in 50 CFR 10.12.
    (b) Upon receipt of a properly executed application for a permit, 
the Director shall issue the appropriate permit unless:
    (1) The applicant has been assessed a civil penalty or convicted of 
any criminal provision of any statute or regulation relating to the 
activity for which the application is filed, if such assessment or 
conviction evidences a lack of responsibility.
    (2) The applicant has failed to disclose material information 
required, or has made false statements as to any material fact, in 
connection with his application;
    (3) The applicant has failed to demonstrate a valid justification 
for the permit and a showing of responsibility;
    (4) The authorization requested potentially threatens a wildlife or 
plant population, or
    (5) The Director finds through further inquiry or investigation, or 
otherwise, that the applicant is not qualified.
    (c) Disqualifying factors. Any one of the following will disqualify 
a person from receiving permits issued under this part.
    (1) A conviction, or entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, 
for a felony violation of the Lacey Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 
or the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act disqualifies any such person 
from receiving or exercising the privileges of a permit, unless such 
disqualification has been expressly waived by the Director in response 
to a written petition.
    (2) The revocation of a permit for reasons found in Sec.  13.28 
(a)(1) or (a)(2) disqualifies any such person from receiving or 
exercising the privileges of a similar permit for a period of five years 
from the date of the final agency decision on such revocation.
    (3) The failure to pay any required fees or assessed costs and 
penalties, whether or not reduced to judgement disqualifies such person 
from receiving or exercising the privileges of a permit as long as such 
moneys are owed to the United States. This requirement shall not apply 
to any civil penalty presently subject to administrative or judicial 
appeal; provided that the pendency of a collection action brought by the 
United States or its assignees shall not constitute an appeal within the 
meaning of this subsection.
    (4) The failure to submit timely, accurate, or valid reports as 
required may disqualify such person from receiving or exercising the 
privileges of a permit as long as the deficiency exists.
    (d) Use of supplemental information. The issuing officer, in making 
a determination under this subsection, may use any information available 
that is relevant to the issue. This may include any prior conviction, or 
entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, or assessment of civil or 
criminal penalty for a violation of any Federal or State law or 
regulation governing the permitted activity. It may also include any 
prior permit revocations or suspensions, or any reports of State or 
local officials. The issuing officer shall consider all relevant facts 
or information available, and may make independent inquiry or 
investigation to verify information or substantiate qualifications 
asserted by the applicant.
    (e) Conditions of issuance and acceptance--(1) Conditions of 
issuance and acceptance. Any permit automatically incorporates within 
its terms the conditions and requirements of subpart D of

[[Page 53]]

this part and of any part(s) or section(s) specifically authorizing or 
governing the activity for which the permit is issued, as well as any 
other conditions deemed appropriate and included on the face of the 
permit at the discretion of the Director.
    (2) Any person accepting and holding a permit under this subchapter 
B acknowledges the necessity for close regulation and monitoring of the 
permitted activity by the Government. By accepting such permit, the 
permittee consents to and shall allow entry by agents or employees of 
the Service upon premises where the permitted activity is conducted at 
any reasonable hour. Service agents or employees may enter such premises 
to inspect the location; any books, records, or permits required to be 
kept by this subchapter B; and any wildlife or plants kept under 
authority of the permit.
    (f) Term of permit. Unless otherwise modified, a permit is valid 
during the period specified on the face of the permit. Such period shall 
include the effective date and the date of expiration.
    (g) Denial. The issuing officer may deny a permit to any applicant 
who fails to meet the issuance criteria set forth in this section or in 
the part(s) or section(s) specifically governing the activity for which 
the permit is requested.

[39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977; 47 
FR 30785, July 15, 1982; 54 FR 38148, Sept. 14, 1989; 70 FR 18319, Apr. 
11, 2005]



Sec.  13.22  Renewal of permits.

    (a) Application for renewal. Applicants for renewal of a permit must 
submit a written application at least 30 days prior to the expiration 
date of the permit. Applicants must certify in the form required by 
Sec.  13.12(a)(5) that all statements and information in the original 
application remain current and correct, unless previously changed or 
corrected. If such information is no longer current or correct, the 
applicant must provide corrected information.
    (b) Renewal criteria. The Service shall issue a renewal of a permit 
if the applicant meets the criteria for issuance in Sec.  13.21(b) and 
is not disqualified under Sec.  13.21(c).
    (c) Continuation of permitted activity. Any person holding a valid, 
renewable permit may continue the activities authorized by the expired 
permit until the Service acts on the application for renewal if all of 
the following conditions are met:
    (1) The permit is currently in force and not suspended or revoked;
    (2) The person has complied with this section; and
    (3) The permit is not a CITES document that was issued under part 23 
of this subchapter (because the CITES document is void upon expiration).
    (d) Denial. The issuing officer may deny renewal of a permit to any 
applicant who fails to meet the issuance criteria set forth in Sec.  
13.21 of this part, or in the part(s) or section(s) specifically 
governing the activity for which the renewal is requested.

[54 FR 38148, Sept. 14, 1989, as amended at 72 FR 48446, Aug. 23, 2007]



Sec.  13.23  Amendment of permits.

    (a) Permittee's request. Where circumstances have changed so that a 
permittee desires to have any condition of his permit modified, such 
permittee must submit a full written justification and supporting 
information in conformity with this part and the part under which the 
permit was issued.
    (b) The Service reserves the right to amend any permit for just 
cause at any time during its term, upon written finding of necessity, 
provided that any such amendment of a permit issued under Sec.  17.22(b) 
through (d) or Sec.  17.32(b) through (d) of this subchapter shall be 
consistent with the requirements of Sec.  17.22(b)(5), (c)(5) and (d)(5) 
or Sec.  17.32(b)(5), (c)(5) and (d)(5) of this subchapter, 
respectively.
    (c) Change of name or address. A permittee is not required to obtain 
a new permit if there is a change in the legal individual or business 
name, or in the mailing address of the permittee. A permittee is 
required to notify the issuing office within 10 calendar days of such 
change. This provision does not authorize any change in location of the 
conduct of the permitted activity when

[[Page 54]]

approval of the location is a qualifying condition of the permit.

[54 FR 38148, Sept. 14, 1989, as amended at 64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999]



Sec.  13.24  Right of succession by certain persons.

    (a) Certain persons other than the permittee are authorized to carry 
on a permitted activity for the remainder of the term of a current 
permit, provided they comply with the provisions of paragraph (b) of 
this section. Such persons are the following:
    (1) The surviving spouse, child, executor, administrator, or other 
legal representative of a deceased permittee; or
    (2) A receiver or trustee in bankruptcy or a court designated 
assignee for the benefit of creditors.
    (b) In order to qualify for the authorization provided in this 
section, the person or persons desiring to continue the activity shall 
furnish the permit to the issuing officer for endorsement within 90 days 
from the date the successor begins to carry on the activity.
    (c) In the case of permits issued under Sec.  17.22(b) through (d) 
or Sec.  17.32(b) through (d) or permits issued under Sec.  22.80 of 
this subchapter B, the successor's authorization under the permit is 
also subject to our determination that:
    (1) The successor meets all of the qualifications under this part 
for holding a permit;
    (2) The successor has provided adequate written assurances that it 
will provide sufficient funding for any applicable conservation 
measures, conservation plan, or Agreement and will implement the 
relevant terms and conditions of the permit, including any outstanding 
minimization and mitigation requirements; and
    (3) The successor has provided such other information as we 
determine is relevant to the processing of the request.

[64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999, as amended at 78 FR 73725, Dec. 9, 2013; 87 
FR 880, Jan. 5, 2022]



Sec.  13.25  Transfer of permits and scope of permit authorization.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided for in this section, permits issued 
under this part are not transferable or assignable.
    (b) Permits issued under Sec.  17.22(b) through (d) or Sec.  
17.32(b) through (d) or permits issued under Sec.  22.80 of this 
subchapter B may be transferred in whole or in part through a joint 
submission by the permittee and the proposed transferee, or in the case 
of a deceased permittee, the deceased permittee's legal representative 
and the proposed transferee, provided we determine that:
    (1) The proposed transferee meets all of the qualifications under 
this part for holding a permit;
    (2) The proposed transferee has provided adequate written assurances 
of sufficient funding for the conservation measures, conservation plan, 
or Agreement, and will implement the relevant terms and conditions of 
the permit, including any outstanding minimization and mitigation 
requirements; and
    (3) The proposed transferee has provided other information that we 
determine is relevant to the processing of the submission.
    (c) In the case of the transfer of lands subject to an agreement and 
permit issued under Sec.  17.22(c) or (d) or Sec.  17.32 (c) or (d) of 
this subchapter B, the Service will transfer the permit to the new owner 
if the new owner agrees in writing to become a party to the original 
agreement and permit.
    (d) Except as otherwise stated on the face of the permit, any person 
who is under the direct control of the permittee, or who is employed by 
or under contract to the permittee for purposes authorized by the 
permit, may carry out the activity authorized by the permit.
    (e) In the case of permits issued under Sec.  17.22(b)-(d) or Sec.  
17.32(b)-(d) of this subchapter to a State or local governmental entity, 
a person is under the direct control of the permittee where:
    (1) The person is under the jurisdiction of the permittee and the 
permit provides that such person(s) may carry out the authorized 
activity; or
    (2) The person has been issued a permit by the governmental entity 
or has executed a written instrument with the governmental entity, 
pursuant to the terms of the implementing agreement.

[[Page 55]]

    (f) In the case of permits issued under Sec.  22.80 of this 
subchapter B to a Federal, State, tribal, or local governmental entity, 
a person is under the direct control of the permittee if the person is 
under the jurisdiction of the permittee, provided the permittee has the 
regulatory authority to require the person to comply with the terms and 
conditions of the permit and the permit provides that such person(s) may 
carry out the authorized activity.

[64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999, as amended at 64 FR 52676, Sept. 30, 1999; 
69 FR 24092, May 3, 2004; 78 FR 73725, Dec. 9, 2013; 87 FR 880, Jan. 7, 
2022]



Sec.  13.26  Discontinuance of permit activity.

    When a permittee, or any successor to a permittee as provided for by 
Sec.  13.24, discontinues activities authorized by a permit, the 
permittee shall within 30 calendar days of the discontinuance return the 
permit to the issuing office together with a written statement 
surrendering the permit for cancellation. The permit shall be deemed 
void and cancelled upon its receipt by the issuing office. No refund of 
any fees paid for issuance of the permit or for any other fees or costs 
associated with a permitted activity shall be made when a permit is 
surrendered for cancellation for any reason prior to the expiration date 
stated on the face of the permit.

[54 FR 38149, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.27  Permit suspension.

    (a) Criteria for suspension. The privileges of exercising some or 
all of the permit authority may be suspended at any time if the 
permittee is not in compliance with the conditions of the permit, or 
with any applicable laws or regulations governing the conduct of the 
permitted activity. The issuing officer may also suspend all or part of 
the privileges authorized by a permit if the permittee fails to pay any 
fees, penalties or costs owed to the Government. Such suspension shall 
remain in effect until the issuing officer determines that the permittee 
has corrected the deficiencies.
    (b) Procedure for suspension. (1) When the issuing officer believes 
there are valid grounds for suspending a permit the permittee shall be 
notified in writing of the proposed suspension by certified or 
registered mail. This notice shall identify the permit to be suspended, 
the reason(s) for such suspension, the actions necessary to correct the 
deficiencies, and inform the permittee of the right to object to the 
proposed suspension. The issuing officer may amend any notice of 
suspension at any time.
    (2) Upon receipt of a notice of proposed suspension the permittee 
may file a written objection to the proposed action. Such objection must 
be in writing, must be filed within 45 calendar days of the date of the 
notice of proposal, must state the reasons why the permittee objects to 
the proposed suspension, and may include supporting documentation.
    (3) A decision on the suspension shall be made within 45 days after 
the end of the objection period. The issuing officer shall notify the 
permittee in writing of the Service's decision and the reasons 
therefore. The issuing officer shall also provide the applicant with the 
information concerning the right to request reconsideration of the 
decision under Sec.  13.29 of this part and the procedures for 
requesting reconsideration.

[54 FR 38149, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.28  Permit revocation.

    (a) Criteria for revocation. A permit may be revoked for any of the 
following reasons:
    (1) The permittee willfully violates any Federal or State statute or 
regulation, or any Indian tribal law or regulation, or any law or 
regulation of any foreign country, which involves a violation of the 
conditions of the permit or of the laws or regulations governing the 
permitted activity; or
    (2) The permittee fails within 60 days to correct deficiencies that 
were the cause of a permit suspension; or
    (3) The permittee becomes disqualified under Sec.  13.21(c) of this 
part; or
    (4) A change occurs in the statute or regulation authorizing the 
permit that prohibits the continuation of a permit issued by the 
Service; or
    (5) Except for permits issued under Sec.  17.22(b) through (d) or 
Sec.  17.32(b)

[[Page 56]]

through (d) of this subchapter, the population(s) of the wildlife or 
plant that is the subject of the permit declines to the extent that 
continuation of the permitted activity would be detrimental to 
maintenance or recovery of the affected population.
    (b) Procedure for revocation. (1) When the issuing officer believes 
there are valid grounds for revoking a permit, the permittee shall be 
notified in writing of the proposed revocation by certified or 
registered mail. This notice shall identify the permit to be revoked, 
the reason(s) for such revocation, the proposed disposition of the 
wildlife, if any, and inform the permittee of the right to object to the 
proposed revocation. The issuing officer may amend any notice of 
revocation at any time.
    (2) Upon receipt of a notice of proposed revocation the permittee 
may file a written objection to the proposed action. Such objection must 
be in writing, must be filed within 45 calendar days of the date of the 
notice of proposal, must state the reasons why the permittee objects to 
the proposed revocation, and may include supporting documentation.
    (3) A decision on the revocation shall be made within 45 days after 
the end of the objection period. The issuing officer shall notify the 
permittee in writing of the Service's decision and the reasons 
therefore, together with the information concerning the right to request 
and the procedures for requesting reconsideration.
    (4) Unless a permittee files a timely request for reconsideration, 
any wildlife held under authority of a permit that is revoked must be 
disposed of in accordance with instructions of the issuing officer. If a 
permittee files a timely request for reconsideration of a proposed 
revocation, such permittee may retain possession of any wildlife held 
under authority of the permit until final disposition of the appeal 
process.

[54 FR 38149, Sept. 14, 1989, as amended at 64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999]



Sec.  13.29  Review procedures.

    (a) Request for reconsideration. Any person may request 
reconsideration of an action under this part if that person is one of 
the following:
    (1) An applicant for a permit who has received written notice of 
denial;
    (2) An applicant for renewal who has received written notice that a 
renewal is denied;
    (3) A permittee who has a permit amended, suspended, or revoked, 
except for those actions which are required by changes in statutes or 
regulations, or are emergency changes of limited applicability for which 
an expiration date is set within 90 days of the permit change; or
    (4) A permittee who has a permit issued or renewed but has not been 
granted authority by the permit to perform all activities requested in 
the application, except when the activity requested is one for which 
there is no lawful authority to issue a permit.
    (b) Method of requesting reconsideration. Any person requesting 
reconsideration of an action under this part must comply with the 
following criteria:
    (1) Any request for reconsideration must be in writing, signed by 
the person requesting reconsideration or by the legal representative of 
that person, and must be submitted to the issuing officer.
    (2) The request for reconsideration must be received by the issuing 
officer within 45 calendar days of the date of notification of the 
decision for which reconsideration is being requested.
    (3) The request for reconsideration shall state the decision for 
which reconsideration is being requested and shall state the reason(s) 
for the reconsideration, including presenting any new information or 
facts pertinent to the issue(s) raised by the request for 
reconsideration.
    (4) The request for reconsideration shall contain a certification in 
substantially the same form as that provided by Sec.  13.12(a)(5). If a 
request for reconsideration does not contain such certification, but is 
otherwise timely and appropriate, it shall be held and the person 
submitting the request shall be given written notice of the need to 
submit the certification within 15 calendar days. Failure to submit 
certification shall result in the request being rejected as insufficient 
in form and content.

[[Page 57]]

    (c) Inquiry by the Service. The Service may institute a separate 
inquiry into the matter under consideration.
    (d) Determination of grant or denial of a request for 
reconsideration. The issuing officer shall notify the permittee of the 
Service's decision within 45 days of the receipt of the request for 
reconsideration. This notification shall be in writing, shall state the 
reasons for the decision, and shall contain a description of the 
evidence which was relied upon by the issuing officer. The notification 
shall also provide information concerning the right to appeal, the 
official to whom an appeal may be addressed, and the procedures for 
making an appeal.
    (e) Appeal. A person who has received an adverse decision following 
submission of a request for reconsideration may submit a written appeal 
to the Regional Director for the region in which the issuing office is 
located, or to the Director for offices which report directly to the 
Director. An appeal must be submitted within 45 days of the date of the 
notification of the decision on the request for reconsideration. The 
appeal shall state the reason(s) and issue(s) upon which the appeal is 
based and may contain any additional evidence or arguments to support 
the appeal.
    (f) Decision on appeal. (1) Before a decision is made concerning the 
appeal the appellant may present oral arguments before the Regional 
Director or the Director, as appropriate, if such official judges oral 
arguments are necessary to clarify issues raised in the written record.
    (2) The Service shall notify the appellant in writing of its 
decision within 45 calendar days of receipt of the appeal, unless 
extended for good cause and the appellant notified of the extension.
    (3) The decision of the Regional Director or the Director shall 
constitute the final administrative decision of the Department of the 
Interior.

[54 FR 38149, Sept. 14, 1989]



                          Subpart D_Conditions



Sec.  13.41  Humane conditions.

    Any live wildlife possessed under a permit must be maintained under 
humane and healthful conditions.

[54 FR 38150, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.42  Permits are specific.

    The authorizations on the face of a permit that set forth specific 
times, dates, places, methods of taking or carrying out the permitted 
activities, numbers and kinds of wildlife or plants, location of 
activity, and associated activities that must be carried out; describe 
certain circumscribed transactions; or otherwise allow a specifically 
limited matter, are to be strictly interpreted and will not be 
interpreted to permit similar or related matters outside the scope of 
strict construction.

[70 FR 18320, Apr. 11, 2005]



Sec.  13.43  Alteration of permits.

    Permits shall not be altered, erased, or mutilated, and any permit 
which has been altered, erased, or mutilated shall immediately become 
invalid. Unless specifically permitted on the face thereof, no permit 
shall be copied, nor shall any copy of a permit issued pursuant to this 
subchapter B be displayed, offered for inspection, or otherwise used for 
any official purpose for which the permit was issued.



Sec.  13.44  Display of permit.

    Any permit issued under this part shall be displayed for inspection 
upon request to the Director or his agent, or to any other person 
relying upon its existence.



Sec.  13.45  Filing of reports.

    Permittees may be required to file reports of the activities 
conducted under the permit. Any such reports shall be filed not later 
than March 31 for the preceding calendar year ending December 31, or any 
portion thereof, during which a permit was in force, unless the 
regulations of this subchapter B or the provisions of the permit set 
forth other reporting requirements.

[[Page 58]]



Sec.  13.46  Maintenance of records.

    From the date of issuance of the permit, the permittee shall 
maintain complete and accurate records of any taking, possession, 
transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, or importation of 
plants obtained from the wild (excluding seeds) or wildlife pursuant to 
such permit. Such records shall be kept current and shall include names 
and addresses of persons with whom any plant obtained from the wild 
(excluding seeds) or wildlife has been purchased, sold, bartered, or 
otherwise transferred, and the date of such transaction, and such other 
information as may be required or appropriate. Such records shall be 
legibly written or reproducible in English and shall be maintained for 
five years from the date of expiration of the permit. Permittees who 
reside or are located in the United States and permittees conducting 
commercial activities in the United States who reside or are located 
outside the United States must maintain records at a location in the 
United States where the records are available for inspection.

[39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977; 54 
FR 38150, Sept. 14, 1989; 72 FR 48446, Aug. 23, 2007]



Sec.  13.47  Inspection requirement.

    Any person holding a permit under this subchapter B shall allow the 
Director's agent to enter his premises at any reasonable hour to inspect 
any wildlife or plant held or to inspect, audit, or copy any permits, 
books, or records required to be kept by regulations of this subchapter 
B.

[39 FR 1161, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977]



Sec.  13.48  Compliance with conditions of permit.

    Any person holding a permit under subchapter B and any person acting 
under authority of such permit must comply with all conditions of the 
permit and with all appllicable laws and regulations governing the 
permitted activity.

[54 FR 38150, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.49  Surrender of permit.

    Any person holding a permit under subchapter B shall surrender such 
permit to the issuing officer upon notification that the permit has been 
suspended or revoked by the Service, and all appeal procedures have been 
exhausted.

[54 FR 38150, Sept. 14, 1989]



Sec.  13.50  Acceptance of liability.

    Except as otherwise limited in the case of permits described in 
Sec.  13.25(d), any person holding a permit under this subchapter B 
assumes all liability and responsibility for the conduct of any activity 
conducted under the authority of such permit.

[64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999]



PART 14_IMPORTATION, EXPORTATION, AND TRANSPORTATION OF WILDLIFE-
-Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
14.1 Purpose of regulations.
14.2 Scope of regulations.
14.3 Information collection requirements.
14.4 What terms do I have to understand?

        Subpart B_Importation and Exportation at Designated Ports

14.11 General restrictions.
14.12 Designated ports.
14.13 Emergency diversion.
14.14 In-transit shipments.
14.15 Personal baggage and household effects.
14.16 Border ports.
14.17 Personally owned pet birds.
14.18 Marine mammals.
14.19 Special ports.
14.20 Exceptions by permit.
14.21 Shellfish and fishery products.
14.22 Certain antique articles.
14.23 Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs.
14.24 Scientific specimens.

               Subpart C_Designated Port Exception Permits

14.31 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port for 
          scientific purposes.
14.32 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to 
          minimize deterioration or loss.

[[Page 59]]

14.33 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to 
          alleviate undue economic hardship.

Subpart D [Reserved]

             Subpart E_Inspection and Clearance of Wildlife

14.51 Inspection of wildlife.
14.52 Clearance of imported wildlife.
14.53 Detention and refusal of clearance.
14.54 Unavailability of Service officers.
14.55 Exceptions to clearance requirements.

                     Subpart F_Wildlife Declarations

14.61 Import declaration requirements.
14.62 Exceptions to import declaration requirements.
14.63 Export declaration requirements.
14.64 Exceptions to export declaration requirements.

Subpart G [Reserved]

               Subpart H_Marking of Containers or Packages

14.81 Marking requirement.
14.82 Alternatives and exceptions to the marking requirement.

          Subpart I_Import/Export Licenses and Inspection Fees

14.91 When do I need an import/export license?
14.92 What are the exemptions to the import/export license requirement?
14.93 How do I apply for an import/export license?
14.94 What fees apply to me?

   Subpart J_Standards for the Humane and Healthful Transport of Wild 
                 Mammals and Birds to the United States

14.101 Purposes.
14.102 Definitions.
14.103 Prohibitions.
14.104 Translations.
14.105 Consignment to carrier.
14.106 Primary enclosures.
14.107 Conveyance.
14.108 Food and water.
14.109 Care in transit.
14.110 Terminal facilities.
14.111 Handling.
14.112 Other applicable provisions.

                  Specifications for Nonhuman Primates

14.121 Primary enclosures.
14.122 Food and water.
14.123 Care in transit.

  Specifications for Marine Mammals (Cetaceans, Sirenians, Sea Otters, 
                       Pinnipeds, and Polar Bears)

14.131 Primary enclosures.
14.132 Food and water.
14.133 Care in transit.

               Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates

14.141 Consignment to carrier.
14.142 Primary enclosures.

   Specifications for Sloths, Bats, and Flying Lemurs (Cynocephalidae)

14.151 Primary enclosures.

              Specifications for Other Terrestrial Mammals

14.161 Primary enclosures.

                        Specifications for Birds

14.171 Consignment to carrier.
14.172 Primary enclosures.

                  Subpart K_Captive Wildlife Safety Act

14.250 What is the purpose of these regulations?
14.251 What other regulations may apply?
14.252 What definitions do I need to know?
14.253 What are the restrictions contained in these regulations?
14.254 What are the requirements contained in these regulations?
14.255 Are there any exemptions to the restrictions contained in these 
          regulations?

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668, 704, 712, 1382, 1538(d)-(f), 1540(f), 
3371-3378, 4223-4244, and 4901-4916; 18 U.S.C. 42; 31 U.S.C. 9701; Pub. 
L. 115-334, 132 Stat. 4490.

    Source: 45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  14.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part provide uniform rules and 
procedures for the importation, exportation, and transportation of 
wildlife.



Sec.  14.2  Scope of regulations.

    The provisions in this part are in addition to, and do not supersede 
other regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or 
prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, 
exportation, and transportation of wildlife.

[[Page 60]]



Sec.  14.3  Information collection requirements.

    The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the 
information collection requirements contained in this part 14 under 44 
U.S.C. 3507 and assigned OMB Control Numbers 1018-0012, 1018-0092, and 
1018-0129. The Service may not conduct or sponsor and you are not 
required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number. You can direct comments regarding 
these information collection requirements to the Service's Information 
Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).

[72 FR 45946, Aug. 16, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



Sec.  14.4  What terms do I have to understand?

    In addition to definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, 
in this part:
    Accompanying personal baggage means all hand-carried items and all 
checked baggage of a person entering into or departing from the United 
States.
    Accredited scientist means any individual associated with, employed 
by, or under contract to and accredited by an accredited scientific 
institution for the purpose of conducting biological or medical 
research, and whose research activities are approved and sponsored by 
the scientific institution granting accreditation.
    Accredited scientific institutions means any public museum, public 
zoological park, accredited institution of higher education, accredited 
member of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, accredited member 
of the American Association of Systematic Collections, or any State or 
Federal government agency that conducts biological or medical research.
    Commercial means related to the offering for sale or resale, 
purchase, trade, barter, or the actual or intended transfer in the 
pursuit of gain or profit, of any item of wildlife and includes the use 
of any wildlife article as an exhibit for the purpose of soliciting 
sales, without regard to quantity or weight. There is a presumption that 
eight or more similar unused items are for commercial use. The Service 
or the importer/exporter/owner may rebut this presumption based upon the 
particular facts and circumstances of each case.
    Domesticated animals includes, but is not limited to, the following 
domesticated animals that are exempted from the requirements of this 
subchapter B (except for species obtained from wild populations).
    Mammals: Alpaca--Lama alpaca; Camel--Camelus dromedarius; Camel 
(Boghdi)--Camelus bactrianus; Cat (domestic)--Felis domesticus; Cattle--
Bos taurus; Dog (domestic)--Canis familiaris; European rabbit--
Ortyctolagus cuniculus; Ferret (domestic)--Mustela putorius; Goat--Capra 
hircus; Horse--Equus caballus; Llama--Lama glama; Pig--Sus scrofa; 
Sheep--Ovis aries; Water buffalo--Bubalus bubalus; White lab mice--Mus 
musculus; White lab rate--Rattus norvegicus.
    Fish (For export purposes only): Carp (koi)--Cyprinus carpio; 
Goldfish--Carassius auratus.
    Birds: Chicken--Gallus domesticus; Ducks & geese--domesticated 
varieties; Guinea fowl--Numida meleagris; Peafowl--Pavo cristatus; 
Pigeons (domesticated)--Columba livia domestrica; Turkey--Meleagris 
gallopavo; Domesticated or Barnyard Mallards include: Pekin; Aylesbury; 
Bouen; Cayuga; Gray Call; White Call; East Indian; Crested; Swedish; 
Buff Orpington; Indian Runner; Campbell; Duclair; Merchtem; Termonde; 
Magpie; Chinese; Khaki Campbell.
    Insects: Crickets, mealworms, honeybees (not to include Africanized 
varieties), and similar insects that are routinely farm raised.
    Other Invertebrates: Earthworms and similar invertebrates that are 
routinely farm raised.
    Export means to depart from, to send from, to ship from, or to carry 
out of, or attempt to depart from, to send from, to ship from, or to 
carry out of, or to consign to a carrier in any place subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States with an intended destination of any 
place not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or 
not such departure, sending, or carrying, or shipping constitutes an 
exportation within the meaning of the Custom laws of the

[[Page 61]]

United States. When a passenger leaving the jurisdiction of the United 
States enters the designated international area of embarkation of an 
airport, all accompanying personal hand-carried items and checked 
baggage will be regarded as exports.
    Import means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt 
to land on, bring into, or introduce into any place subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, 
bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning 
of the tariff laws of the United States.
    We means Fish and Wildlife Service or Service.
    You means licensee, or importer/exporter of record.

[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 23025, Apr. 29, 1999]



        Subpart B_Importation and Exportation at Designated Ports



Sec.  14.11  General restrictions.

    Except as otherwise provided in this part, no person may import or 
export any wildlife at any place other than a Customs port of entry 
designated in Sec.  14.12.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980]



Sec.  14.12  Designated ports.

    The following ports of entry are designated for the importation and 
exportation of wildlife and wildlife products and are referred to 
hereafter as ``designated ports'':
    (a) Anchorage, Alaska.
    (b) Atlanta, Georgia.
    (c) Baltimore, Maryland.
    (d) Boston, Massachusetts.
    (e) Chicago, Illinois.
    (f) Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas.
    (g) Honolulu, Hawaii.
    (h) Houston, Texas.
    (i) Los Angeles, California.
    (j) Louisville, Kentucky.
    (k) Memphis, Tennessee.
    (l) Miami, Florida.
    (m) New Orleans, Louisiana.
    (n) New York, New York.
    (o) Portland, Oregon.
    (p) San Francisco, California.
    (q) Seattle, Washington.

[69 FR 70382, Dec. 6, 2004]



Sec.  14.13  Emergency diversion.

    Wildlife which has been imported into the United States at any port 
or place other than a designated port solely as a result of a diversion 
due to an aircraft or vessel emergency must proceed as an in-transit 
shipment under Customs bond to a designated port, or to any port where a 
permit or other provision of this part provides for lawful importation.



Sec.  14.14  In-transit shipments.

    (a) Wildlife destined for a point within the United States may be 
imported into the United States at any port if such wildlife proceeds as 
an in-transit shipment under Customs bond to a designated port, or to 
any port where a permit or other provision of this part provides for 
lawful importation.
    (b) Wildlife moving in-transit through the United States from one 
foreign country to another foreign country is exempt from the designated 
port requirements of this part, if such wildlife is not unloaded within 
the United States.



Sec.  14.15  Personal baggage and household effects.

    (a) Any person may import into or export from the United States at 
any Customs port wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not 
intended for commercial use and are used as clothing or contained in 
accompanying personal baggage. However, this exception to the designated 
port requirement does not apply to any raw or dressed fur; raw, salted, 
or crusted hide or skin; game trophy; or to wildlife requiring a permit 
pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B.
    (b) Wildlife products or manufactured articles, including mounted 
game trophies or tanned hides, which are not intended for sale and are 
part of a shipment of the household effects of persons moving their 
residence to or from the United States may be imported or exported at 
any Customs port of entry. However, this exception to the designated 
port requirement does not apply to any raw fur; raw, salted, or

[[Page 62]]

crusted hide or skin; or to wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 
16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.16  Border ports.

    (a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife whose country of origin is 
Canada or the United States may be imported or exported at any of the 
following Customs ports of entry:
    (1) Alaska--Alcan;
    (2) Idaho--Eastport;
    (3) Maine--Calais, Houlton, Jackman;
    (4) Massachusetts--Boston;
    (5) Michigan--Detroit, Port Huron, Sault Sainte Marie;
    (6) Minnesota--Grand Portage, International Falls, Minneapolis-St. 
Paul;
    (7) Montana--Raymond, Sweetgrass;
    (8) New York--Buffalo-Niagara Falls, Champlain;
    (9) North Dakota--Dunseith, Pembina, Portal;
    (10) Ohio--Cleveland;
    (11) Vermont--Derby Line, Highgate Springs; and
    (12) Washington--Blaine, Sumas.
    (b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife whose country of origin is 
Mexico or the United States may be imported or exported at any of the 
following Customs ports of entry:
    (1) Arizona--Lukeville, Nogales;
    (2) California--Calexico, San Diego-San Ysidro; and
    (3) Texas--Brownsville, El Paso, Laredo.
    (c) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, or 21 of this subchapter B, wildlife lawfully taken by U.S. 
residents in the United States, Canada, or Mexico and imported or 
exported for noncommercial purposes, may be imported or exported at any 
Customs port of entry.



Sec.  14.17  Personally owned pet birds.

    Any person may import a personally owned pet bird at any port 
designated under, and in accordance with, 9 CFR part 92.



Sec.  14.18  Marine mammals.

    Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States who has 
lawfully taken a marine mammal on the high seas and who is authorized to 
import such marine mammal in accordance with the Marine Mammal 
Protection Act of 1972 and implementing regulations (50 CFR parts 18 and 
216) may import such marine mammal at any port or place.



Sec.  14.19  Special ports.

    (a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife which is imported for final 
destination in Alaska, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, may be 
imported through those Customs ports of entry named hereafter for the 
respective State or Territory of final destination:
    (1) Alaska--Alcan, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau;
    (2) Puerto Rico--San Juan; and
    (3) Virgin Islands--San Juan, Puerto Rico.
    (b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife which originates in Alaska, 
Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, may be exported through the 
following Customs ports for the respective State or Territory:
    (1) Alaska--Alcan, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau;
    (2) Puerto Rico--San Juan; and
    (3) Virgin Islands--San Juan, Puerto Rico.
    (c) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife which has a final 
destination of Guam or which originates in Guam may be imported or 
exported, as appropriate, through the port of Agana, Guam.



Sec.  14.20  Exceptions by permit.

    Wildlife may be imported into or exported from the United States at 
any Customs port of entry designated in the terms of a valid permit 
issued pursuant to subpart C of this part.



Sec.  14.21  Shellfish and fishery products.

    (a)(1) General. Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to 
part 17 or 23 of this subchapter, shellfish and fishery products 
imported or exported for

[[Page 63]]

purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in waters under the 
jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational 
purposes may enter or exit at any Customs port.
    (2) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 
part 23 of this subchapter, live aquatic invertebrates of the Class 
Pelecypoda (commonly known as oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops) and 
the eggs, larvae, or juvenile forms thereof may be exported for purposes 
of propagation, or research related to propagation, at any Customs port.
    (b) Pearls. Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 
17 or 23 of this subchapter, pearls imported or exported for commercial 
purposes may enter or exit the United States at any Customs port of 
entry. For the purposes of this part, all references to the term 
shellfish and fishery products will include pearls.

[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.22  Certain antique articles.

    Any person may import at any Customs Service port designated for 
such purpose, any article (other than scrimshaw, defined in 16 U.S.C 
1539(f)(1)(B) and 50 CFR 217.12 as any art form that involves the 
etching or engraving of designs upon, or the carving of figures, 
patterns, or designs from, any bone or tooth of any marine mammal of the 
order Cetacea) that is at least 100 years old, is composed in whole or 
in part of any endangered or threatened species listed under Sec.  17.11 
or Sec.  17.12 of this subchapter, and has not been repaired or modified 
with any part of any endangered or threatened species on or after 
December 28, 1973.

[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.23  Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs.

    Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs meet the definition 
of ``bred in captivity'' as stated in 50 CFR 17.3. Except for wildlife 
requiring a permit pursuant to parts 17 or 23 of this subchapter, live 
farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs may be exported from any U.S. 
Customs port.

[59 FR 41714, Aug. 15, 1994]



Sec.  14.24  Scientific specimens.

    Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to parts 16, 17, 18, 
21, 22 or 23 of this subchapter, dead, preserved, dried, or embedded 
scientific specimens or parts thereof, imported or exported by 
accredited scientists or accredited scientific institutions for 
taxonomic or systematic research purposes may enter or exit through any 
U.S. Customs port, or may be shipped through the international mail 
system. Provided, that this exception will not apply to any specimens or 
parts thereof taken as a result of sport hunting.

[61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



               Subpart C_Designated Port Exception Permits



Sec.  14.31  Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port
for scientific purposes.

    (a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application 
submitted in accordance with the provisions of this section and 
Sec. Sec.  13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with 
the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing 
importation or exportation of wildlife for scientific purposes at one or 
more named Customs port(s) of entry not otherwise authorized by subpart 
B. Such permits may authorize a single importation or exportation, a 
series of importations or exportations, or importation or exportation 
during a specified period of time.
    (b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or 
export wildlife at a nondesignated port for scientific purposes must be 
submitted to the Director. Each application must contain the general 
information and certification required by Sec.  13.12(a) of this 
subchapter, plus the following additional information:
    (1) The scientific purpose or uses of the wildlife to be imported or 
exported;
    (2) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and 
common names to be imported or exported where such number and kinds can 
be determined;
    (3) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the 
wild (if known), or where born in captivity;

[[Page 64]]

    (4) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is 
requested, and the reasons why importation or exportation should be 
allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated 
port; and
    (5) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a 
single shipment, a series of shipments, or shipments over a specified 
period of time and the date(s) involved.
    (c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general 
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to import 
or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are 
subject to the following condition: Permittee shall file such reports as 
specified on the permit, if any.
    (d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in 
determining whether to issue a permit under this section:
    (1) Benefit to a bona fide scientific research project, other 
scientific purpose, or facilitation of the exchange of preserved museum 
specimens;
    (2) The kind of wildlife involved and its place of origin;
    (3) The reasons why the exception is requested; and
    (4) Availability of a Service officer.
    (e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section 
expires on the date designated on the face of the permit. In no case 
will the permit be valid for more than 2 years from the date of 
issuance.



Sec.  14.32  Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port
to minimize deterioration or loss.

    (a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application 
submitted in accordance with the provisions of this section and 
Sec. Sec.  13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with 
the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing 
importation or exportation of wildlife, in order to minimize 
deterioration or loss, at one or more named Customs port(s) of entry not 
otherwise authorized by subpart B. Such permits may authorize a single 
importation or exportation, a series of importations or exportations, or 
importation or exportation during a specified period of time.
    (b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or 
export wildlife at a nondesignated port to minimize deterioration or 
loss must be submitted to the Director. Each application must contain 
the general information and certification required in Sec.  13.12(a) of 
this subchapter, plus the following additional information:
    (1) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and 
common names to be imported or exported where such number and kinds can 
be determined;
    (2) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the 
wild (if known), or where born in captivity;
    (3) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is 
requested, and the reasons why importation or exportation should be 
allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated 
port (information must be included to show that an importation or 
exportation at a designated port would result in a substantial 
deterioration or loss of the wildlife); and
    (4) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a 
single shipment, a series of shipments, or shipments over a specified 
period of time and the date(s) involved.
    (c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general 
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to import 
or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are 
to be subject to the following conditions:
    (1) Permittee shall file such reports as may be specified on the 
permit, if any; and
    (2) Permittee must pay fees in accordance with Sec.  14.94.
    (d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in 
determining whether to issue a permit under this section:
    (1) Likelihood of a substantial deterioration or loss of the 
wildlife involved;
    (2) The kind of wildlife involved and its place of origin; and
    (3) Availability of a Service officer.
    (e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section 
expires on the date designated on the face of the permit. In no case 
will the permit be valid

[[Page 65]]

more than 2 years from the date of issuance.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 
FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.33  Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port
to alleviate undue economic hardship.

    (a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application 
submitted in accordance with the provisions of this section and 
Sec. Sec.  13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with 
the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing 
importation or exportation of wildlife in order to alleviate undue 
economic hardship at one or more named Customs port(s) of entry not 
otherwise authorized by subpart B. Such permits may authorize a single 
importation or exportation, a series of importations or exportations, or 
importation or exportation during a specified period of time.
    (b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or 
export wildlife at a nondesignated port to alleviate undue economic 
hardship must be submitted to the Director. Each application must 
contain the general information and certification required in Sec.  
13.12(a) of this subchapter, plus the following additional information:
    (1) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and 
common names to be imported or exported, where such number and kinds can 
be determined, and a description of the form in which it is to be 
imported, such as ``live,'' ``frozen,'' ``raw hides,'' or a full 
description of any manufactured product;
    (2) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the 
wild (if known), or where born in captivity;
    (3) The name and address of the supplier or consignee;
    (4) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is 
requested, and the reasons why importation or exportation should be 
allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated 
port (information must be included to show the monetary difference 
between the cost of importation or exportation at the port requested and 
the lowest cost of importation or exportation at the port through which 
importation or exportation is authorized by subpart B without a permit); 
and
    (5) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a 
single shipment, a series of shipments, or shipments over a specified 
period of time and the date(s) involved.
    (c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general 
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to import 
or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are 
subject to the following conditions:
    (1) Permittee shall file such reports as specified on the permit, if 
any; and
    (2) Permittee must pay fees in accordance with Sec.  14.94.
    (d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in 
determining whether to issue a permit under this section:
    (1) The difference between the cost of importing or exporting the 
wildlife at the port requested and the lowest cost of importing or 
exporting such wildlife at a port authorized by these regulations 
without a permit;
    (2) The severity of the economic hardship that likely would result 
should the permit not be issued;
    (3) The kind of wildlife involved, including its form and place of 
origin; and
    (4) Availability of a Service officer.
    (e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section 
expires on the date designated on the face of the permit. In no case 
will the permit be valid for more than 2 years from the date of 
issuance.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 
FR 31869, June 21, 1996]

Subpart D [Reserved]



             Subpart E_Inspection and Clearance of Wildlife



Sec.  14.51  Inspection of wildlife.

    Subject to applicable limitations of law, Service officers and 
Customs officers may detain for inspection and inspect any package, 
crate, or other container, including its contents, and all

[[Page 66]]

accompanying documents, upon importation or exportation. The Director 
may charge reasonable fees, including salary, overtime, transportation 
and per diem of Service officers, for wildlife import or export 
inspections specially requested by the importer or exporter at times 
other than regular work hours or locations other than usual for such 
inspections at the port.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 50 
FR 52889, Dec. 26, 1985]



Sec.  14.52  Clearance of imported wildlife.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided by this subpart, a Service officer 
must clear all wildlife imported into the United States prior to release 
from detention by Customs officers. A Service officer must clear all 
wildlife to be exported from the United States prior to the physical 
loading of the merchandise on a vehicle or aircraft, or the 
containerization or palletizing of such merchandise for export, unless a 
Service officer expressly authorizes otherwise. Such clearance does not 
constitute a certification of the legality of an importation or 
exportation under the laws or regulations of the United States.
    (b) An importer/exporter or his/her agent may obtain clearance by a 
Service officer only at designated ports (Sec.  14.12), at border ports 
(Sec.  14.16), at special ports (Sec.  14.19), or at a port where 
importation or exportation is authorized by a permit issued under 
subpart C of this part. An importer/exporter must return forthwith any 
wildlife released without a Service officer's clearance or clearance by 
Customs for the Service under authority of Sec.  14.54 to a port where 
clearance may be obtained pursuant to this subpart.
    (c) To obtain clearance, the importer, exporter, or the importer's 
or exporter's agent will make available to a Service officer or a 
Customs officer acting under Sec.  14.54:
    (1) All shipping documents (including bills of lading, waybills and 
packing lists or invoices);
    (2) All permits, licenses or other documents required by the laws or 
regulations of the United States;
    (3) All permits or other documents required by the laws or 
regulations of any foreign country;
    (4) The wildlife being imported or exported; and
    (5) Any documents and permits required by the country of export or 
re-export for the wildlife.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 50 
FR 52889, Dec. 26, 1985; 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.53  Detention and refusal of clearance.

    (a) Detention. Any Service officer, or Customs officer acting under 
Sec.  14.54, may detain imported or exported wildlife and any associated 
property. As soon as practicable following the importation or 
exportation and decision to detain, the Service will mail a notice of 
detention by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to 
the importer or consignee, or exporter, if known or easily 
ascertainable. Such notice must describe the detained wildlife or other 
property, indicate the reason for the detention, describe the general 
nature of the tests or inquiries to be conducted, and indicate that if 
the releasability of the wildlife has not been determined within 30 days 
after the date of the notice, or a longer period if specifically stated, 
that the Service will deem the wildlife to be seized and will issue no 
further notification of seizure.
    (b) Refusal of clearance. Any Service officer may refuse clearance 
of imported or exported wildlife and any Customs officer acting under 
Sec.  14.54 may refuse clearance of imported wildlife when there are 
responsible grounds to believe that:
    (1) A Federal law or regulation has been violated;
    (2) The correct identity and country of origin of the wildlife has 
not been established (in such cases, the burden is upon the owner, 
importer, exporter, consignor, or consignee to establish such identity 
by scientific name to the species level or, if any subspecies is 
protected by the laws of this country or the country of origin to the 
subspecies level);
    (3) Any permit, license, or other documentation required for 
clearance of such wildlife is not available, is not

[[Page 67]]

currently valid, has been suspended or revoked, or is not authentic;
    (4) The importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent 
has filed an incorrect or incomplete declaration for importation or 
exportation as provided in Sec.  14.61 or Sec.  14.63; or
    (5) The importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent 
has not paid any fee or portion of balance due for inspection fees 
required by Sec.  14.93 or Sec.  14.94, or penalties assessed against 
the importer or exporter under 50 CFR part 11. This paragraph does not 
apply to penalty assessments on appeal in accordance with the provisions 
of part 11.

[61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.54  Unavailability of Service officers.

    (a) Designated ports. All wildlife arriving at a designated port 
must be cleared by a Service officer prior to Customs clearance and 
release. When importers or their agents expect live or perishable 
shipments of wildlife or wildlife products or request inspection at the 
time of arrival, they must notify the Service at least 48 hours prior to 
the estimated time of arrival. However, where a Service officer is not 
available within a reasonable time, Customs Officers may clear live or 
perishable wildlife subject to post-clearance inspection and 
investigation by the Service.
    (b) Border and special ports. Wildlife lawfully imported at Canadian 
or Mexican border ports under Sec.  14.16, or into Alaska, Puerto Rico, 
or the Virgin Islands, under Sec.  14.19, may, if a Service officer is 
not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs officers, 
subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the Service.
    (c) Permit imports. Wildlife imported at a nondesignated port in 
accordance with the terms of a valid permit issued under subpart C of 
this part, may, if a Service officer is not available within a 
reasonable time, be cleared by Customs officers, subject to post-
clearance inspection and investigation by the Service.
    (d) Personal baggage and household effects. Wildlife lawfully 
imported at any port of entry under Sec.  14.15, may, if a Service 
officer is not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs 
officers, subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the 
Service.
    (e) Personally owned pet birds. Personally owned pet birds lawfully 
imported at a port of entry under Sec.  14.17, may, if a Service officer 
is not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs 
officers, subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the 
Service.
    (f) Exports. Exporters or their agents must notify the Service and 
make the shipment available for inspection at least 48 hours prior to 
the estimated time of exportation of any wildlife.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



Sec.  14.55  Exceptions to clearance requirements.

    Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of 
this subchapter B, clearance is not required for the importation of the 
following wildlife:
    (a) Shellfish and fishery products imported for purposes of human or 
animal consumption or taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the 
United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes;
    (b) Marine mammals lawfully taken on the high seas by United States 
residents and imported directly into the United States; and
    (c) Certain antique articles as specified in Sec.  14.22 which have 
been released from custody by Customs officers under 19 U.S.C. 1499.
    (d) Dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or 
parts thereof, imported or exported by accredited scientists or 
accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research 
purposes. Except: That this exception will not apply to any specimens or 
parts thereof taken as a result of sport hunting.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]



                     Subpart F_Wildlife Declarations



Sec.  14.61  Import declaration requirements.

    Except as otherwise provided by the regulations of this subpart, 
importers

[[Page 68]]

or their agents must file with the Service a completed Declaration for 
Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177), signed by 
the importer or the importer's agent, upon the importation of any 
wildlife at the place where Service clearance under Sec.  14.52 is 
requested. However, wildlife may be transshipped under bond to a 
different port for release from custody by Customs Service officers 
under 19 U.S.C. 1499. For certain antique articles as specified in Sec.  
14.22, importers or their agents must file a Form 3-177 with the 
District Director of Customs at the port of entry prior to release from 
Customs custody. Importers or their agents must furnish all applicable 
information requested on the Form 3-177 and the importer, or the 
importer's agent, must certify that the information furnished is true 
and complete to the best of his/her knowledge and belief.

[61 FR 49980, Sept. 24, 1996]



Sec.  14.62  Exceptions to import declaration requirements.

    (a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 
of this subchapter B, an importer or his/her agent does not have to file 
a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 
3-177) for importation of shellfish and fishery products imported for 
purposes of human or animal consumption, or taken in waters under the 
jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational 
purposes;
    (b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, a Declaration for Importation or 
Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) does not have to be filed 
for importation of the following:
    (1) Fish taken for recreational purposes in Canada or Mexico;
    (2) Wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not intended 
for commercial use and are used as clothing or contained in accompanying 
personal baggage, except that an importer or his/her agent must file a 
Form 3-177 for raw or dressed furs; for raw, salted, or crusted hides or 
skins; and for game or game trophies; and
    (3) Wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not intended 
for commercial use and are a part of a shipment of the household effects 
of persons moving their residence to the United States, except that an 
importer or his/her agent must file a declaration for raw or dressed 
furs and for raw, salted, or crusted hides or skins.
    (c) General declarations for certain specimens. Notwithstanding the 
provisions of 14.61 and except for wildlife included in paragraph (d) of 
this section, an importer or his/her agent may describe in general terms 
on a Declaration for the Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife 
(Form 3-177) scientific specimens imported for scientific institutions 
for taxonomic, systematic research, or faunal survey purposes. An 
importer or his/her agent must file an amended Form 3-177 within 180 
days after filing of the general declaration with the Service. The 
declaration must identify specimens to the most accurate taxonomic 
classification reasonably practicable using the best available taxonomic 
information. The Director may grant extensions of the 180-day period.
    (d) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, 22 or 23 of this subchapter, an importer or his/her agent does 
not have to file a Declaration for the Importation or Exportation of 
Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) at the time of importation for shipments 
of dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or parts 
thereof, imported by accredited scientists or accredited scientific 
institutions for taxonomic or systematic research purposes. An importer 
or his/her agent must file a Form 3-177 within 180 days of importation 
with the appropriate Assistant Regional Director--Law Enforcement in the 
Region where the importation occurs. The declaration must identify the 
specimens to the most accurate taxonomic classification reasonably 
practicable using the best available taxonomic information, and must 
declare the country of origin. Except: That this exception will not 
apply to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a result of sport 
hunting.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 
FR 31870, June 21, 1996]

[[Page 69]]



Sec.  14.63  Export declaration requirements.

    Except as otherwise provided by the regulations of this subpart, a 
completed Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife 
(Form 3-177) signed by the exporter, or the exporter's agent, shall be 
filed with the Service prior to the export of any wildlife at the port 
of exportation as authorized in subpart B of this part. All applicable 
information requested on the Form 3-177 shall be furnished, and the 
exporter or the exporter's agent shall certify that the information 
furnished is true and complete to the best of his/her knowledge and 
belief.



Sec.  14.64  Exceptions to export declaration requirements.

    (a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 
of this subchapter B, an exporter or his/her agent does not have to file 
a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 
3-177) for the exportation of shellfish and fishery products exported 
for purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in waters under the 
jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational 
purposes, and does not have to file for the exportation of live aquatic 
invertebrates of the Class Pelecypoda (commonly known as oysters, 
claims, mussels, and scallops) and the eggs, larvae, or juvenile forms 
thereof exported for purposes of propagation, or research related to 
propagation.
    (b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 
18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, a Declaration for the Importation or 
Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) does not have to be filed 
for the exportation of the following:
    (1) Wildlife that is not intended for commercial use where the value 
of such wildlife is under $250;
    (2) Wildlife products or manufactured articles, including game 
trophies, that are not intended for commercial use and are used as 
clothing or contained in accompanying personal baggage or are part of a 
shipment of the household effects of persons moving their residence from 
the United States; and
    (3) Shipments of dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific 
specimens or parts thereof, exported by accredited scientists or 
accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research 
purposes. An exporter or his/her agent must file a Form 3-177 within 180 
days of exportation with the appropriate Assistant Regional Director--
Law Enforcement in the Region where the exportation occurs. The 
declaration must identify the specimens to the most accurate taxonomic 
classification reasonably practicable using the best available taxonomic 
information, and must declare the country of origin. Except: That this 
exception will not apply to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a 
result of sport hunting.
    (c) Except for wildlife requiring a period pursuant to parts 17 or 
23 of this subchapter, a Declaration for the Importation or Exportation 
of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) does not have to be filed for the 
exportation of live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs as 
defined in Sec.  14.23.

[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 59 FR 41714, Aug. 15, 1994; 
61 FR 31870, June 21, 1996]

Subpart G [Reserved]



               Subpart H_Marking of Containers or Packages

    Source: 52 FR 45341, Nov. 27, 1987, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  14.81  Marking requirement.

    Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, no person may import, 
export, or transport in interstate commerce any container or package 
containing any fish or wildlife (including shellfish and fishery 
products) unless he/she marks each container or package conspicuously on 
the outside with both the name and address of the shipper and consignee. 
An accurate and legible list of its contents by species scientific name 
and the number of each species and whether or not the listed species are 
venomous must accompany the entire shipment.

[61 FR 31870, June 21, 1996]

[[Page 70]]



Sec.  14.82  Alternatives and exceptions to the marking requirement.

    (a) The requirements of Sec.  14.81 may be met by complying with one 
of the following alternatives to the marking requirement:
    (1)(i) Conspicuously marking the outside of each container or 
package containing fish or wildlife with the word ``fish'' or 
``wildlife'' as appropriate for its contents, or with the common name of 
its contents by species, and
    (ii) Including an invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or similar 
document to accompany the shipment which accurately states the name and 
address of the shipper and consignee, states the total number of 
packages or containers in the shipment, and for each species in the 
shipment specifies:
    (A) The common name that identifies the species (examples include: 
Chinook (or king) salmon; bluefin tuna; and whitetail deer) and whether 
or not the listed species is venomous; and
    (B) The number of that species (or other appropriate measure of 
quantity such as gross or net weight).

The invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or equivalent document must 
be securely attached to the outside of one container or package in the 
shipment or otherwise physically accompany the shipment in a manner 
which makes it readily accessible for inspection; or
    (2) Affixing the shipper's wildlife import/export license number 
preceded by the three letters ``FWS'' on the outside of each container 
or package containing fish or wildlife, if the shipper has valid 
wildlife import/export license issued under authority of 50 CFR part 14. 
For each shipment marked in accordance with this paragraph, the records 
maintained under Sec.  14.93(c) must include a copy of the invoice, 
packing list, bill of lading, or other similar document that accurately 
states the information required by paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (3) In the case of subcontainers or packages within a larger packing 
container, only the outermost container must be marked in accordance 
with this section. Except, that for live fish or wildlife that are 
packed in subcontainers within a larger packing container, if the 
subcontainers are numbered or labeled, the packing list, invoice, bill 
or lading, or other similar document, must reflect that number or label. 
However, each subcontainer containing a venomous species must be clearly 
marked as venomous.
    (4) A conveyance (truck, plane, boat, etc.) is not considered a 
container for purposes of requiring specific marking of the conveyance 
itself, provided that:
    (i) The fish or wildlife within the conveyance is carried loosely or 
is readily identifiable, and is accompanied by the document required by 
paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section, or
    (ii) The fish or wildlife is otherwise packaged and marked in 
accordance with this subpart.
    (b) The requirements of Sec.  14.81 do not apply to containers or 
packages containing--
    (1) Fox, nutria, rabbit, mink, chinchilla, marten, fisher, muskrat, 
and karakul that have been bred and born in captivity, or their 
products, if a signed statement certifying that the animals were bred 
and born in captivity accompanies the shipping documents;
    (2) Fish or shellfish contained in retail consumer packages labeled 
pursuant to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.; or
    (3) Fish or shellfish that are landed by, and offloaded from, a 
fishing vessel (whether or not the catch has been carried by the fishing 
vessel interstate), as long as the fish or shellfish remain at the place 
where first offloaded.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 
1018-0022)

[52 FR 45341, Nov. 27, 1987, as amended at 61 FR 31871, June 21, 1996]



          Subpart I_Import/Export Licenses and Inspection Fees

    Source: 73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  14.91  When do I need an import/export license?

    (a) The Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1538(d)(1)) makes it 
unlawful for any person to engage in business as an importer or exporter 
of certain fish or wildlife without first having obtained permission 
from the Secretary. For the purposes of this subchapter, engage in

[[Page 71]]

business means to import or export wildlife for commercial purposes.
    (b) Except as provided in Sec.  14.92, if you engage in the business 
of importing or exporting wildlife for commercial purposes (see Sec.  
14.4), you must obtain an import/export license prior to importing or 
exporting your wildlife shipment.
    (c) The following table includes some examples of when an import/
export license is required:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
  If I import into the United States or      . . . do I need an import/
      export from the United States               export license?
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Wildlife in the form of products such  Yes.
 as garments, bags, shoes, boots,
 jewelry, rugs, trophies, or curios for
 commercial purposes.
(2) Wildlife in the form of hides, furs,   Yes.
 or skins for commercial purposes.
(3) Wildlife in the form of food for       Yes.
 commercial purposes.
(4) As an animal dealer, animal broker,    Yes.
 pet dealer, or pet or laboratory
 supplier.
(5) As an individual owner of a            No.
 personally owned live wildlife pet for
 personal use.
(6) As a collector or hobbyist for         No.
 personal use.
(7) As a collector or hobbyist for         Yes.
 commercial purposes, including sale,
 trade or barter.
(8) As a laboratory researcher or          Yes.
 biomedical supplier for commercial
 purposes.
(9) As a customs broker or freight         No.
 forwarder engaged in business as a
 dispatcher, handler, consolidator, or
 transporter of wildlife or if I file
 documents with the Service on behalf of
 others.
(10) As a common carrier engaged in        No.
 business as a transporter of wildlife.
(11) As a taxidermist, outfitter, or       Yes.
 guide importing or exporting my own
 hunting trophies for commercial purposes.
(12) As a taxidermist, outfitter, or       No.
 guide transporting or shipping hunting
 trophies for clients or customers.
(13) As a U.S. taxidermist receiving a     No.
 U.S. client's personal hunting trophies
 after import clearance for processing.
(14) As a U.S. taxidermist importing       Yes.
 wildlife from or exporting wildlife to
 foreign owners who are requesting my
 services.
(15) As a foreign owner of wildlife        No.
 exporting my personal hunting trophies
 from the United States to my home.
(16) As a circus for exhibition or resale  Yes.
 purposes.
(17) As a Federal, State, municipal, or    No.
 tribal agency.
(18) As a public museum, or public         No.
 scientific or educational institution
 for noncommercial research or
 educational purposes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------



Sec.  14.92  What are the exemptions to the import/export license
requirement?

    (a) Certain wildlife. Any person may engage in business as an 
importer or exporter of the following types of wildlife without 
obtaining an import/export license:
    (1) Shellfish (see Sec.  10.12 of this chapter) and nonliving 
fishery products that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23 
of this subchapter, and are imported or exported for purposes of human 
or animal consumption or taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the 
United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes;
    (2) Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs of species that 
do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23 of this subchapter, 
that meet the definition of ``bred-in-captivity'' as stated in Sec.  
17.3 of this subchapter and that are for export only; and
    (3) Live aquatic invertebrates of the Class Pelecypoda, commonly 
known as oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops, and their eggs, larvae, 
or juvenile forms, that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 
23 of this subchapter, and are exported only for the purposes of 
propagation or research related to propagation; and
    (4) Pearls that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23 of 
this subchapter.
    (5)(i) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this 
section, green sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, including 
any products of that species, that:
    (A) Do not require a permit under part 16, 17, or 23 of this 
subchapter;
    (B) Are taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States 
or are imported into the United States for processing pursuant to the 
licensing requirements of Sec.  14.91; and
    (C) Are exported for purposes of human or animal consumption.
    (ii) The exemption in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section does not 
apply to any person who has been convicted of one or more violations of 
a Federal law relating to the importation, transportation, or 
exportation of wildlife during the previous 5 years.
    (iii) The exemption in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section does not 
apply in any State that does not annually

[[Page 72]]

provide ``conservation and management'' data, as defined in section 3 of 
the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 
1802), to the applicable Marine Fisheries Commission, or, if the State 
does provide the ``conservation and management'' data, and the 
applicable Marine Fisheries Commission determines, in consultation with 
the primary research agency of such Commission, after notice and an 
opportunity to comment, that the data fails to prove that the State 
agency or official is engaged in conservation and management of the 
green sea urchin.
    (b) Certain persons. (1) The following persons may import or export 
wildlife without obtaining an import/export license, provided that these 
persons keep records that will fully and correctly describe each 
importation or exportation of wildlife made by them and the subsequent 
disposition made by them with respect to the wildlife.
    (i) Public museums, or other public, scientific, or educational 
institutions, importing or exporting wildlife for noncommercial research 
or educational purposes; and
    (ii) Federal, State, tribal, or municipal agencies.
    (2) Subject to applicable limitations of law, duly authorized 
Service officers at all reasonable times will, upon notice, be given 
access to these persons' places of business, an opportunity to examine 
their inventory of imported wildlife or the wildlife to be exported, the 
records described in paragraph (1) of this section, and an opportunity 
to copy those records.

[73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, as amended at 84 FR 29808, June 25, 2019]



Sec.  14.93  How do I apply for an import/export license?

    (a) Application form. You must submit a completed FWS Form 3-200-3, 
including the certification found on the form and in Sec.  13.12(a) of 
this subchapter, to the appropriate regional Special Agent in Charge 
under the provisions of this subpart and part 13 of this subchapter.
    (b) Import/export license conditions. In addition to the general 
permit conditions in part 13 of this subchapter, you must comply with 
the following conditions:
    (1) You must comply with all requirements of this part, all other 
applicable parts of this subchapter, and any specific conditions or 
authorizations described on the face of, or on an annex to, the import/
export license;
    (2) You must pay all applicable license and inspection fees as 
required in Sec.  14.94;
    (3) You are responsible for providing current contact information to 
us, including a mailing address where you will receive all official 
notices the Service sends;
    (4) You must keep, in a U.S. location, the following records that 
completely and correctly describe each import or export of wildlife that 
you made under the import/export license and, if applicable, any 
subsequent disposition that you made of the wildlife, for a period of 5 
years:
    (i) A general description of the wildlife, such as ``live,'' ``raw 
hides,'' ``fur garments,'' ``leather goods,'' ``footwear,'' or 
``jewelry'';
    (ii) The quantity of the wildlife, in numbers, weight, or other 
appropriate measure;
    (iii) The common and scientific names of the wildlife;
    (iv) The country of origin of the wildlife, if known, as defined in 
Sec.  10.12 of this subchapter;
    (v) The date and place the wildlife was imported or exported;
    (vi) The date of the subsequent disposition, if applicable, of the 
wildlife and the manner of the subsequent disposition, whether by sale, 
barter, consignment, loan, delivery, destruction, or other means;
    (vii) The name, address, telephone, and e-mail address, if known, of 
the person or business who received the wildlife;
    (viii) Copies of all permits required by the laws and regulations of 
the United States; and
    (ix) Copies of all permits required by the laws of any country of 
export, re-export, or origin of the wildlife.
    (5) You must, upon notice, provide authorized Service officers with 
access to your place(s) of business at all reasonable times and give us 
an opportunity to examine your inventory of imported wildlife or the 
wildlife to be exported, the records required to be

[[Page 73]]

kept by paragraph (b)(4) of this section, and an opportunity to copy 
these records subject to applicable limitations of the law;
    (6) You must submit a report containing the information you must 
keep in paragraph (b)(4) of this section within 30 days of receiving a 
written request from us; and
    (7) An import/export license gives you general permission to engage 
in business as an importer or exporter of wildlife. An import/export 
license is in addition to, and does not supersede, any other license, 
permit, or requirement established by Federal, State, or tribal law for 
the import or export of wildlife.
    (c) Duration of import/export license. Any import/export license 
issued under this section expires on the date shown on the face of the 
import/export license. In no case will the import/export license be 
valid for more than 1 year after the date of issuance.
    (d) Issuance, denial, suspension, revocation, or renewal of import/
export license. We may deny, suspend, revoke, restrict, or deny renewal 
of an import/export license to any person named as the holder, or a 
principal officer or agent of the holder, under any of the criteria 
described in part 13 of this chapter or under the following criteria:
    (1) Failure to pay fees, penalties, or costs required by this part;
    (2) You repeatedly fail to notify our Service officers at the 
appropriate port at least 48 hours prior to the estimated time of 
arrival of a live or perishable wildlife shipment under Sec.  14.54(a) 
or at least 48 hours prior to the estimated time of exportation of any 
wildlife under Sec.  14.54(f);
    (3) You repeatedly import or export certain types of wildlife 
without meeting the requirements of this part or other applicable parts 
of this subchapter.



Sec.  14.94  What fees apply to me?

    (a) Import/export license application fees. You must pay the 
application and amendment fees, as defined in Sec.  13.11(d)(4), for any 
required import/export license processed under Sec.  14.93 and part 13 
of this subchapter.
    (b) Designated port exception permit application fees. You must pay 
the application and amendment fees, as defined in Sec.  13.11(d)(4), for 
any required designated port exception permit processed under subpart C 
of this part.
    (c) Designated port base inspection fees. Except as provided in 
paragraph (k) of this section, an import/export license holder must pay 
a base inspection fee, as defined in Sec.  14.94(h)(1), for each 
wildlife shipment imported or exported at a designated port or a port 
acting as a designated port. You can find a list of designated ports in 
Sec.  14.12 and the criteria that allow certain ports to act as 
designated ports in Sec. Sec.  14.16-14.19, Sec.  14.22, and Sec.  14.24 
of this part.
    (d) Staffed nondesignated port base inspection fees. You must pay a 
nondesignated port base inspection fee, as defined in Sec.  14.94(h)(2), 
for each wildlife shipment imported or exported at a staffed 
nondesignated port, using a designated port exception permit issued 
under subpart C of this part. This fee is in place of, not in addition 
to, the designated port base fee.
    (e) Nonstaffed, nondesignated port base inspection fees. You must 
pay a nondesignated port base inspection fee, as defined in Sec.  
14.94(h)(3), for each wildlife shipment imported or exported at a 
nonstaffed, nondesignated port using a designated port exception permit 
issued under subpart C of this part. You must also pay all travel, 
transportation, and per diem costs associated with inspection of the 
shipment. These fees are in place of, not in addition to, the designated 
port base fee. The Service will prorate charges for travel, 
transportation, and per diem costs if multiple importers or exporters 
require inspection at the same time at the same location. All applicable 
base and premium fees apply to each shipment.
    (f) Premium inspection fees. You must pay a premium inspection fee 
in addition to any base inspection fees required in paragraphs (c), (d), 
and (e) of this section, as defined in Sec.  14.94(h)(4), for the 
following types of shipments:
    (1) Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, any 
shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in Sec.  
14.94(h)(4), imported or exported by an import/export license holder at 
a designated port or a port acting as a designated port. You can find a 
list of designated ports in Sec.  14.12

[[Page 74]]

and the criteria that allow certain ports to act as designated ports in 
Sec. Sec.  14.16-14.19, Sec.  14.22, and Sec.  14.24;
    (2) Any shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in 
Sec.  14.94(h)(4), imported or exported via air, ocean, rail, or truck 
cargo, by persons not requiring an import/export license under Sec.  
14.91, at a designated port or a port acting as a designated port. You 
can find a list of designated ports in Sec.  14.12 and the criteria that 
allow certain ports to act as designated ports in Sec. Sec.  14.16-
14.19, Sec.  14.22, and Sec.  14.24;
    (3) Any shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in 
Sec.  14.94(h)(4), imported or exported at a nondesignated port using a 
designated port exception permit issued under subpart C of this part.
    (4) You must pay two premium inspection fees in addition to any base 
inspection fees required in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this 
section, as defined in Sec.  14.94(h)(4), if your wildlife shipment 
contains live and protected species.
    (g) Overtime fees. You must pay fees for any inspections, including 
travel time, that begin before normal working hours, that extend beyond 
normal working hours, or are on a Federal holiday, Saturday, or Sunday.
    (1) Overtime fees are in addition to any base inspection fees or 
premium inspection fees required for each shipment. We will charge these 
fees regardless of whether or not you have an import/export license.
    (2) Our ability to perform inspections during overtime hours will 
depend upon the availability of Service personnel. If we cannot perform 
an inspection during normal working hours, we may give you the option of 
requesting an overtime inspection.
    (3) The overtime fee is calculated using a 2-hour minimum plus any 
actual time in excess of the minimum. It incorporates the actual time to 
conduct an inspection and the travel time to and from the inspection 
location.
    (4) The Service will charge any overtime, including travel time, in 
excess of the minimum in quarter-hour increments of the hourly rate. The 
Service will round up an inspection time of 10 minutes or more beyond a 
quarter-hour increment to the next quarter-hour and will disregard any 
time over a quarter-hour increment that is less than 10 minutes.
    (5) The Service will charge only one overtime fee when multiple 
shipments are consigned to or are to be exported by the same importer or 
exporter and we inspect all at the same time at one location. The 
overtime fee will consist of one 2-hour minimum or the actual time for 
inspection of all the applicable shipments, whichever is greater. All 
applicable base and premium fees will apply to each shipment.
    (6) We will charge 1 hour of time at 1\1/2\ times the hourly labor 
rate for inspections beginning less than 1 hour before normal working 
hours.
    (7) We will charge a minimum of 2 hours of time at an hourly rate of 
1\1/2\ times the average hourly labor rate for inspections outside 
normal working hours, except for inspections performed on a Federal 
holiday.
    (8) We will charge a minimum of 2 hours of time at an hourly rate of 
2 times the average hourly labor rate for inspections performed on a 
Federal holiday.
    (h) Fee schedule.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Fee cost per shipment per year
      Inspection fee schedule       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              2008                    2009                    2010                   2011             2012 and beyond
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Designated port base inspection  $85...................  $87...................  $89..................  $91..................  $93.
 fee (see Sec.   14.94 (c)).
(2) Staffed nondesignated port base  $133..................  $136..................  $139.................  $142.................  $145.
 inspection fee (see Sec.
 14.94(d)).
(3) Nonstaffed nondesignated port    $133..................  $136..................  $139.................  $142.................  $145.
 base inspection fee (see Sec.
 14.94(e)).
(4) Premium inspection fee at any
 port (see Sec.   14.94 (f)):
    (i) Protected species. Any       $19...................  $37...................  $56..................  $74..................  $93.
     species that requires a permit
     under parts 15, 16, 17, 18,
     21, 22, or 23 of this chapter;.

[[Page 75]]

 
    (ii) Live species. Any live      $19...................  $37...................  $56..................  $74..................  $93.
     wildlife, including live
     viable eggs and live pupae.
(5) Overtime inspection fee (see
 Sec.   14.94(g)):
    (i) Inspections beginning less   $48...................  $49...................  $51..................  $52..................  $53.
     than 1 hour before normal work
     hours.
    (ii) Inspections after normal    $96 min. + $48/hr.....  $98 min. + $49/hr.....  $101 min. + $51/hr...  $103 min. + $52/hr...  $105 min. + $53/hr.
     work hours, including Saturday
     and Sunday. (2 hour minimum
     charge plus fee for additional
     time).
    (iii) Inspections on Federal     $128 min. + $64/hr....  $131 min.+ $65/hr.....  $133 min. + $67/hr...  $136 min. + $68/hr...  $139 min. + $70/hr.
     holidays. (2 hour minimum
     charge plus fee for additional
     time).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (i) The Service will not refund any fee or any portion of any 
license or inspection fee or excuse payment of any fee because 
importation, exportation, or clearance of a wildlife shipment is refused 
for any reason.
    (j) All base inspection fees, premium inspection fees, and overtime 
fees will apply regardless of whether or not a physical inspection of 
your wildlife shipment is performed, and no fees will be prorated except 
as provided in paragraphs (e) and (g)(5) of this section.
    (k) Exemptions to inspection fees--(1) Certain North American-origin 
wild mammal furs or skins. Wildlife shipments that meet all of the 
following criteria are exempt from the designated port base inspection 
fee (however, these shipments are not exempt from the designated port 
overtime fees or the import/export license application fee):
    (i) The wildlife is a raw fur; raw, salted, or crusted hide or skin; 
or a separate fur or skin part, lawfully taken from the wild in the 
United States, Canada, or Mexico that does not require permits under 
parts 17, 18, or 23 of this chapter; and
    (ii) You, as the importer or exporter, or a member of your immediate 
family, such as your spouse, parents, siblings, and children, took the 
wildlife from the wild and are shipping the wildlife between the United 
States and Canada or Mexico; and
    (iii) You have not previously bought or sold the wildlife described 
in paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this section, and the shipment does not exceed 
100 raw furs; raw, salted, or crusted hides or skins; or fur or skin 
parts; and
    (iv) You certify on Form 3-177, Declaration for Importation or 
Exportation of Fish or Wildlife, that your shipment meets all the 
criteria in this section.
    (2) You do not have to pay base inspection fees, premium inspection 
fees, or overtime fees if you are importing or exporting wildlife that 
is exempt from import/export license requirements as defined in Sec.  
14.92(a) or you are importing or exporting wildlife as a government 
agency as defined in Sec.  14.92(b)(1)(ii).
    (3) You do not have to pay base inspection fees, premium inspection 
fees, or overtime fees if you are importing or exporting wildlife that 
meets the criteria for ``domesticated animals'' as defined in Sec.  
14.4.
    (4) Fee exemption program for low-risk importations and 
exportations--(i) Program criteria. Businesses that require an import/
export license under Sec.  14.93 may be exempt from the designated port 
base inspection fee as set forth in this paragraph (k)(4)(i). To 
participate in this program, you, the U.S. importer or exporter, must 
continue to pay the overtime fees, the nondesignated port base fees, or 
the import/export license and nondesignated port application fees, and 
your business must meet all of the following conditions:
    (A) Each shipment does not contain live wildlife.
    (B) Each shipment does not contain wildlife that requires a permit 
or certificate under parts 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22,

[[Page 76]]

or 23 of this chapter or is listed under part 16 of this chapter.
    (C) Each shipment contains 25 or fewer wildlife parts and products 
containing wildlife.
    (D) Each wildlife shipment is valued at $5,000 or less.
    (E) Your business has not been assessed a civil penalty, issued a 
violation notice, or convicted of any misdemeanor or felony violations 
involving the import or export of wildlife.
    (F) Your business has had two or fewer wildlife shipments that were 
refused clearance in the 5 years prior to the receipt of your request by 
the Service.
    (G) Your business has not previously participated in the program and 
been removed for failure to meet the criteria.
    (ii) Program participation. To participate in the fee exemption 
program for low-risk importations and exportations, you must use the 
Service's electronic declaration filing system (eDecs) and take the 
following actions:
    (A) You must certify that you will exclusively import and export 
wildlife shipments that meet all the criteria in paragraph (k)(4)(i) of 
this section and renew this certification annually. Upon completion of 
the certification and review of the criteria by the Service, eDecs will 
notify you if you have been approved to participate in the program.
    (B) You must continue to meet the criteria in paragraph (k)(4)(i) of 
this section while participating in the program. If you fail to meet the 
criteria after approval, you will be removed from the program and must 
pay all applicable fees.
    (C) If approved to participate in the program you must file FWS Form 
3-177 and all required accompanying documents electronically using eDecs 
for each shipment and meet all other requirements of this part.

[73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, as amended at 77 FR 65326, Oct. 26, 2012]



   Subpart J_Standards for the Humane and Healthful Transport of Wild 
                 Mammals and Birds to the United States

    Source: 57 FR 27108, June 17, 1992, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  14.101  Purposes.

    The purpose of this subpart is to prescribe requirements necessary 
to ensure that live wild mammals and birds shipped to the United States 
arrive alive, healthy, and uninjured, and that transportation of such 
animals occurs under humane and healthful conditions. These regulations 
implement section 9(d) of the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981.



Sec.  14.102  Definitions.

    In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of subchapter B 
of this chapter, in this subpart--
    Ambient air temperature means the temperature of the air surrounding 
a primary enclosure containing a wild mammal or bird.
    Auxiliary ventilation means cooling or air circulation provided by 
such means as vents, fans, blowers, or air conditioning.
    Carrier means any person operating an airline, railroad, motor 
carrier, shipping line, or other enterprise engaged in the business of 
transporting any wild mammal or bird for any purpose including 
exhibition and for any person, including itself.
    Communicable disease means any contagious, infectious, or 
transmissible disease of wild mammals or birds.
    Conveyance means any vehicle, vessel, or aircraft employed to 
transport an animal between its origin and destination.
    Do not tip means do not excessively rock or otherwise move from a 
vertical to a slanting position, knock over, or upset.
    Handle means feed, manipulate, crate, shift, transfer, immobilize, 
restrain, treat, or otherwise control the movement or activities of any 
wild mammal or bird.
    Holding area means a designated area at or within a terminal 
facility that has been specially prepared to provide

[[Page 77]]

shelter and other requirements of wild mammals or birds being 
transported to the United States and in which such mammals or birds are 
maintained prior to, during, or following such shipment.
    Kept clean means maintained free from dirt, trash, refuse, excreta, 
remains from other cargo, and impurities of any type.
    Marine mammal means an individual of a species of the orders 
Cetacea, Pinnipedia, or Sirenia, or a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) or 
sea otter (Enhydra lutris).
    Noncompatible means not capable of existing together in harmony.
    Nonhuman primate means any nonhuman member of the order Primates.
    Normal rigors of transportation means the stress that a wild animal 
can be expected to experience as a result of exposure to unaccustomed 
surroundings, unfamiliar confinement, caging, unfamiliar sounds, motion, 
and other conditions commonly encountered during transport.
    Primary enclosure means any structure used to restrict a mammal or 
bird to a limited amount of space, such as a cage, room, pen, run, 
stall, pool, or hutch.
    Professionally accepted standards means a level of practice 
established as acceptable by a body of qualified persons of the 
veterinary medical profession.
    Psychological trauma means an episode of exposure to stressful 
conditions resulting in significant behavioral abnormality including, 
but not limited to, manifestations of unaccustomed aggressiveness, self-
mutilation, or refusal of food or water.
    Raptor means a live migratory bird of the order Falconiformes or the 
order Strigiformes.
    Sanitize means to make physically clean and, as far as possible, 
free of toxic or infectious agents injurious to the health of wild 
mammals or birds.
    Scheduled departure time means the time listed on a timetable of 
departures and arrivals or, in the absence of a timetable, the time of 
departure agreed to by a carrier and shipper.
    Shipper means any person, other than a carrier, involved in the 
transport of wild animals to the United States regardless of the purpose 
of such transport; e.g., exporter, importer, or agent.
    Terrestrial mammals means mammals other than marine mammals.
    Transport means to move, convey, carry, or ship by any means, or to 
deliver or receive for the purpose of movement, carriage, or shipment, 
by air, land, or sea.
    Transporting device means any vehicle or device used to transport an 
animal between a conveyance and a terminal facility, in and around a 
terminal facility of a carrier, or within a conveyance.
    Unweaned means a bird or mammal incapable of feeding itself 
independently.
    Wild means the same as fish or wildlife, as defined in Sec.  10.12 
of this chapter.



Sec.  14.103  Prohibitions.

    Unless the requirements of this subpart are fully satisfied and all 
other legal requirements are met, it is unlawful for any person to 
transport to the United States, cause to be transported to the United 
States, or allow to be transported to the United States any live wild 
mammal or bird. It shall be unlawful for any person to import, to 
transport, or to cause or permit to be transported to the United States 
any wild mammal or bird under inhumane or unhealthful conditions or in 
violation of this subpart J.



Sec.  14.104  Translations.

    Any certificate or document required by this subpart to accompany a 
mammal or bird transported to the United States and written in a foreign 
language must be accompanied by an accurate English translation.



Sec.  14.105  Consignment to carrier.

    (a) No carrier shall accept any live wild mammal or bird for 
transport to the United States that has not been examined within 10 days 
prior to commencement of transport to the United States by a 
veterinarian certified as qualified by the national government of the 
initial country from which the mammal or bird is being exported. If the 
national government of such country does not certify veterinarians, then

[[Page 78]]

the veterinarian must be certified or licensed by a local government 
authority designated by the national government as authorized to certify 
veterinarians.
    (b)(1) A certificate of veterinary medical inspection, signed by the 
examining veterinarian, stating that the animal has been examined, is 
healthy, appears to be free of any communicable disease, and is able to 
withstand the normal rigors of transport must accompany the mammal or 
bird; the certificate should include the veterinarian's license number, 
certification number, or equivalent. A mammal in the last third of its 
pregnancy, if this is detectable using professionally accepted 
standards, shall not be accepted for transport to the United States 
except for medical treatment and unless the examining veterinarian 
certifies in writing that the animal has been examined, the state of 
pregnancy has been evaluated, and that, despite the medical condition 
requiring treatment, the animal is physically able to withstand the 
normal rigors of transportation to the United States.
    (2) A nursing mother with young, an unweaned mammal unaccompanied by 
its mother, or an unweaned bird shall be transported only if the primary 
purpose is for needed medical treatment and upon certification in 
writing by the examining veterinarian that the treatment is necessary 
and the animal is able to withstand the normal rigors of transport. Such 
an unweaned mammal or bird shall not be transported to the United States 
for medical treatment unless it is accompanied at all times by and 
completely accessible to a veterinary attendant.
    (c) A sick or injured wild mammal or bird shall be permitted 
transport to the United States only if the primary purpose of such 
transport is for needed medical treatment and upon certification in 
writing by the examining veterinarian that the treatment is necessary 
and the animal is able to withstand the normal rigors of travel in its 
present condition. A sick or injured animal shall be accompanied at all 
times throughout the transport process by a veterinary attendant 
qualified to care for and treat it, with continuous access to the 
animal. This individual shall be in possession of or have ready access 
to all medications to be administered during the transport.
    (d) No carrier shall accept any wild mammal or bird for transport to 
the United States presented by the shipper less than 2 hours or more 
than 6 hours prior to the scheduled departure of the conveyance on which 
it is to be transported. The carrier shall notify the crew of the 
presence of live animal shipments.



Sec.  14.106  Primary enclosures.

    No carrier shall accept for transport to the United States any live 
wild mammal or bird in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the 
following requirements:
    (a) The Container Requirements of the Live Animal Regulations (LAR), 
20th edition, October 1, 1993, published by the International Air 
Transport Association (IATA) shall be complied with by all parties 
transporting wild mammals or birds to the United States. The 
incorporation by reference of the LAR was approved by the Director of 
the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 
51. Copies may be obtained from IATA, 2000 Peel St., Montreal, Quebec, 
Canada H3A 2R4. Copies may be inspected at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service Headquarters (see 50 CFR 2.1(b) for address) or at the National 
Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the 
availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: 
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/
ibr_locations.html.
    (b) A primary enclosure shall be constructed so that--
    (1) The strength of the enclosure is sufficient to contain the 
mammal or bird and to withstand the normal effects of transport;
    (2) The interior of the enclosure is free from any protrusion that 
could be injurious to the mammal or bird within;
    (3) No part of the animal can extend or protrude outside of the 
primary enclosure which may result in injury to the contained animal, to 
nearby persons or animals, or to handlers of the primary enclosure;

[[Page 79]]

    (4) Access to the primary enclosure is closed and secured with an 
animal-proof device designed to prevent accidental opening and release 
of the mammal or bird;
    (5) The opening of the enclosure is easily accessible for either 
emergency removal or inspection of the mammal or bird by authorized 
personnel without the risk of escape of the mammal or bird;
    (6) The enclosure has sufficient openings to ensure adequate 
circulation of air at all times.
    (7) The material of which the primary enclosure is constructed is 
not treated with any paint, preservative, or other chemical that is 
injurious or otherwise harmful to the health or well-being of mammals 
and birds.
    (c) Unless the enclosure is permanently affixed in the conveyance or 
has an open top for certain large mammals, spacer bars allowing 
circulation of air around the enclosure shall be fitted to the exterior 
of its top, sides, and base. Spacer bars on an enclosure need extend no 
more than 6 inches (15 centimeters) from the surface of the enclosure. 
Within this 6 inch limit, the spacers on an enclosure containing one 
animal shall extend a distance equal to at least 10 percent of the 
longer dimension of the surface to which they are attached, and the 
spacers on an enclosure containing more than one animal shall extend a 
distance equal to at least 20 percent of the longer dimension of the 
surface to which they are attached. Hand-holds may serve as spacer bars 
for the sides of the enclosure to which they are attached. A primary 
enclosure constructed with one or more slanted or curved walls 
containing ventilation openings need not be fitted with spacer bars on 
such walls.
    (d) An enclosure that is not permanently affixed within the 
conveyance shall have adequate hand-holds or other devices for lifting 
by hand or to facilitate lifting and carrying by machine. Such hand-
holds or other devices shall be made an integral part of the enclosure, 
shall enable it to be lifted without excessive tipping, and shall be 
designed so that the person handling the enclosure will not come in 
contact with the animals contained therein.
    (e) An enclosure shall have a solid, leak-proof bottom or removable, 
leak-proof collection tray under a slatted or wire mesh floor. The 
slatted or wire mesh floor shall be designed and constructed so that the 
spaces between the slats or the holes in the mesh cannot trap the limbs 
of animals contained within the enclosure. An enclosure for mammals 
shall contain unused absorbent litter on the solid bottom or in the 
leak-proof tray in sufficient quantity to absorb and cover excreta. This 
litter shall be safe and nontoxic and shall not resemble food normally 
consumed by the mammals. An enclosure used to transport marine mammals 
in water, in a waterproof enclosure, a sling, or on foam is exempt from 
the requirement to contain litter. An enclosure used to transport birds 
shall not contain litter, unless it is specified in writing by the 
examining veterinarian as medically necessary.
    (f) If an enclosure has been previously used to transport or store 
wild mammals or birds, it shall have been cleaned and sanitized in a 
manner that will destroy pathogenic agents and pests injurious to the 
health of mammals and birds before the enclosure can be re-used.
    (g) An enclosure that is not permanently affixed in the conveyance 
shall be clearly marked in English on the outside of the top and one or 
more sides of the enclosure, in letters not less than 2.5 centimeters (1 
inch) in height, ``Live Animals'' or ``Wild Animals'', ``Do Not Tip,'' 
``Only Authorized Personnel May Open Container,'' and other appropriate 
or required instructions. All enclosure sides shall also be 
conspicuously marked on the outside with arrows to indicate the correct 
upright position of the enclosure. These arrows should extend up the 
sides of the enclosure so that the point of the arrow is visible and 
clearly indicates the top of the enclosure.
    (h) Food and water instructions as specified in Sec.  14.108, 
information regarding what constitutes obvious signs of stress in the 
species being transported, and information about any drugs or medication 
to be administered by the accompanying veterinary attendant shall be 
securely attached to each enclosure. Copies of shipping documents

[[Page 80]]

accompanying the shipment shall also be securely attached to the primary 
enclosure. Original documents shall be carried in the carrier's pouch or 
manifest container or by the shipper's attendant accompanying the wild 
mammal or bird.
    (i) Any food and water troughs shall be securely attached to the 
interior of the enclosure in such a manner that the troughs can be 
filled from outside the enclosure. Any opening providing access to a 
trough shall be capable of being securely closed with an animal-proof 
device. A water trough in an enclosure containing birds shall contain a 
foam or sponge insert, a perforated wooden block, or other suitable 
device to prevent spillage or drowning.
    (j) When a primary enclosure is permanently affixed within a 
conveyance so that its front opening is the only source of ventilation, 
the opening shall face the outside of the conveyance or an unobstructed 
aisle or passageway within the conveyance. Such an aisle or passageway 
shall be at least 12 inches (30 centimeters) wide. The opening in the 
primary enclosure shall occupy at least 90 percent of the total surface 
area of the front wall of the enclosure and be covered with bars or wire 
mesh.

[57 FR 27108, June 17, 1992, as amended at 59 FR 36719, July 19, 1994; 
69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



Sec.  14.107  Conveyance.

    (a) The animal cargo space of a conveyance used to transport wild 
mammals or birds to the United States shall be designed, constructed, 
and maintained so as to ensure the humane and healthful transport of the 
animals.
    (b) The cargo space shall be constructed and maintained so as to 
prevent the harmful ingress of engine exhaust fumes and gases produced 
by the conveyance.
    (c) No wild mammal or bird shall be placed in a cargo space of a 
conveyance that does not provide sufficient air for it to breathe 
normally. Primary enclosures shall be positioned in a cargo space in 
such a manner that each animal has access to sufficient air for normal 
breathing.
    (d) The interior of an animal cargo space shall be kept clean of 
disease-causing agents.
    (e) A wild mammal or bird shall not be transported in a cargo space 
that contains any material, substance, or device that may reasonably be 
expected to result in inhumane conditions or be injurious to the 
animal's health unless all reasonable precautions are taken to prevent 
such conditions or injury.



Sec.  14.108  Food and water.

    (a) No carrier shall accept any wild mammal or bird for transport to 
the United States unless written instructions from the shipper 
concerning the animal's food and water requirements are securely affixed 
to the outside of its primary enclosure. Such instructions shall be 
consistent with professionally accepted standards of care and include 
specifically the quantity of water required, the amount and type of food 
required, and the frequency of feeding and watering necessary to ensure 
that the animal is transported humanely and healthfully.
    (b) A mammal or bird requiring drinking water shall have 
uncontaminated water suitable for drinking made available to it at all 
times prior to commencement of transport to the United States, during 
intermediate stopovers, and upon arrival in the United States, or as 
directed by the shipper's written instructions.
    (c) A mammal or bird that obtains moisture from fruits or other food 
shall be provided such food prior to commencement of transport to the 
United States, during stopovers, and upon arrival in the United States, 
or as directed by the shipper's written instructions.
    (d) During a stopover or while still in the custody of the carrier 
after arrival in the United States, a mammal or bird in transit shall be 
observed no less frequently than once every four hours and given food 
and water according to the instructions required by Sec.  14.108(a).
    (e) Suitable and sufficient food shall be made available during 
transport.
    (f) Additional requirements for feeding and watering particular 
kinds of animals are found below in the specifications for the various 
groups.

[[Page 81]]



Sec.  14.109  Care in transit.

    (a) During transportation to the United States, including any 
stopovers during transport, the carrier shall visually inspect each 
primary enclosure not less than once every 4 hours, or in the case of 
air transport, every 4 hours whenever the cargo hold is accessible. 
During such inspections, the carrier shall verify that the ambient air 
temperature is within allowable limits (see Sec.  14.109(b)), that 
enclosures have not been damaged, that adequate ventilation is being 
provided, and when transport is by air, that air pressure suitable to 
support live animals is maintained within the cargo area (pressure 
equivalent to a maximum altitude of 8000 feet). During these 
observations the carrier shall also determine whether any animals are in 
obvious distress as described in documents attached to the enclosure. 
The absence of such a document or the absence of information as to signs 
of distress shall not remove this responsibility. The carrier shall 
attempt to correct any condition causing distress and shall consult the 
shipper concerning any possible need for veterinary care if no 
veterinary attendant is traveling with the shipment; if the shipper 
cannot be reached in the case of an emergency, qualified veterinary care 
should be provided. A veterinarian or qualified attendant traveling with 
the shipment shall be provided access to the animal.
    (b) Unless otherwise specified in writing by the examining 
veterinarian the ambient air temperature in a holding area, transporting 
device, conveyance or terminal facility containing mammals or birds 
shall not be allowed to fall below 12.8 degrees C (55 degrees F) nor to 
exceed 26.7 degrees C (80 degrees F). Auxiliary ventilation shall be 
provided when the ambient air temperature is 23.9 degrees C (75 degrees 
F) or higher. In the case of penguins and auks, the ambient air 
temperature shall not be allowed to exceed 18.3 degrees C (65 degrees F) 
at any time, and auxiliary ventilation shall be provided when the 
ambient air temperature exceeds 15.6 degrees C (60 degrees F). In the 
case of polar bears and sea otters, ambient air temperature shall not be 
allowed to exceed 10 degrees C (50 degrees F).



Sec.  14.110  Terminal facilities.

    (a) Any terminal facility used for wild mammal or bird transport in 
the country of export, stopover countries, or the United States shall 
contain an animal holding area or areas. No carrier or shipper shall co-
mingle live animal shipments with inanimate cargo in an animal holding 
area.
    (b) A carrier or shipper holding any wild mammal or bird in a 
terminal facility shall provide the following:
    (1) A holding area cleaned and sanitized so as to destroy pathogenic 
agents, maintained so that there is no accumulation of debris or 
excreta, and in which vermin infestation is minimized;
    (2) An effective program for the control of insects, ectoparasites, 
and pests of mammals or birds;
    (3) Sufficient fresh air to allow the animals to breathe normally 
with ventilation maintained so as to minimize drafts, odors, and 
moisture condensation;
    (4) Ambient air temperatures maintained within prescribed limits as 
specified in Sec.  14.109(b).



Sec.  14.111  Handling.

    (a) Care shall be exercised to avoid handling the primary enclosure 
in a manner likely to cause physical or psychological trauma to the 
mammal or bird.
    (b) A primary enclosure used to move any mammal or bird shall not be 
dropped, tipped excessively, or otherwise mishandled, and shall not be 
stacked or placed in a manner that may reasonably be expected to result 
in its falling or being tipped.
    (c) Animals incompatible with one another shall not be crated 
together or held in close proximity.
    (d) Transport of mammals or birds to the United States shall be 
accomplished by the carrier in the most expeditious manner, with the 
fewest stopovers possible, and without unnecessary delays.
    (e) Consistent with other procedures and requirements of the 
carrier, live wild mammals or birds shall be last loaded and first 
unloaded from a conveyance.
    (f) A carrier shall not allow mammals or birds to remain for 
extended periods

[[Page 82]]

of time outside a holding area and shall move them between a holding 
area and a conveyance as expeditiously as possible. A carrier or shipper 
maintaining mammals or birds in a holding area, or transporting them to 
or from a holding area or between a holding area and a conveyance, shall 
provide the following:
    (1) Shelter from sunlight. When sunlight is likely to cause 
overheating or discomfort, sufficient shade shall be provided to protect 
animals from the direct rays of the sun.
    (2) Shelter from precipitation. Animals shall be provided protection 
so that they remain dry during rain, snow, or other forms of 
precipitation.
    (3) Shelter from cold. Animals shall be provided protection from 
cold. Protection shall include, but not be limited to, that provided by 
covering and/or heating of transporting devices, holding areas, 
conveyances or terminal facilities.
    (4) Protection from harassment. Animals shall be protected from 
disturbances, including, but not limited to, harassment by humans, other 
animals, or machinery that makes noise, emits fumes, heat, or light, or 
causes vibration.



Sec.  14.112  Other applicable provisions.

    In addition to the provisions of Sec. Sec.  14.101-14.111, the 
requirements of Sec. Sec.  14.121-14.172 applicable for particular 
groups of animals shall be met for all shipments of wild mammals and 
birds covered by this part.

                  Specifications for Nonhuman Primates



Sec.  14.121  Primary enclosures.

    (a) No more than one primate shall be transported in a primary 
enclosure. However, a mother and her nursing young being transported to 
the United States for medical treatment, an established male-female 
pair, a family group, a pair of juvenile animals that have not reached 
puberty, or other pairs of animals that have been habitually housed 
together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure. Primates of 
different species shall not be shipped together in the same enclosure.
    (b) A primary enclosure used to transport a primate shall be large 
enough to ensure that the animal has sufficient space to turn around 
freely in a normal manner, lie down, stand up (as appropriate for the 
species), and sit in a normal upright position without its head touching 
the top of the enclosure. However, a primate may be restricted in its 
movements according to professionally accepted standards of care when 
greater freedom of movement would constitute a danger to the primate or 
to its handler or other persons.
    (c) Except as provided in Sec.  14.106(j), ventilation openings must 
be located on at least two walls of a primary enclosure. When the 
required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the 
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 30 
percent of the total surface area of the ventilated wall and be situated 
above the midline of the enclosure. If ventilation openings are located 
on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings on each wall shall 
comprise at least 20 percent of the total surface area of the wall and 
be situated above the midline of the primary enclosure.



Sec.  14.122  Food and water.

    (a) A nonhuman primate shall be provided water suitable for drinking 
within 4 hours prior to commencement of transport to the United States 
unless the shipper's written instructions direct otherwise. A carrier 
shall provide suitable drinking water to any primate at least every 12 
hours after acceptance for transport to the United States, unless 
instructed in writing to do so more frequently by the shipper.
    (b) After acceptance for transport, and unless otherwise instructed 
in writing by the shipper, a carrier shall provide suitable food to any 
nonhuman primate at least once every 12 hours.



Sec.  14.123  Care in transit.

    (a) A primate shall be observed for signs of distress and given food 
and water according to the shipper's instructions during any 
intermediate stop that lasts more than 4 hours.
    (b) Care shall be taken to keep enclosures containing primates 
sufficiently

[[Page 83]]

separated in the conveyance or holding area to minimize the risk of 
spread of disease from one species or shipment to another.

  Specifications for Marine Mammals (Cetaceans, Sirenians, Sea Otters, 
                       Pinnipeds, and Polar Bears)



Sec.  14.131  Primary enclosures.

    (a) A primary enclosure that is not open on top shall have air 
inlets situated at heights that provide cross ventilation at all levels 
and that are located on all four sides of the enclosure. Such 
ventilation openings shall comprise not less than 20 percent of the 
total surface area of each side of the enclosure.
    (b) Straps, slings, harnesses, or other such devices used for body 
support or restraint when transporting marine mammals such as cetaceans 
or sirenians shall meet the following requirements:
    (1) The devices shall not prevent attendants from having access to 
the mammal to administer care during transportation;
    (2) The devices shall be equipped with sufficient padding to prevent 
trauma or injury at points of contact with the mammal's body;
    (3) Slings or harnesses shall allow free movement of flippers 
outside of the harness or sling;
    (4) The devices shall be capable of preventing the mammal from 
thrashing about and causing injury to itself, handlers, or other 
persons, but shall be designed so as not to cause injury to the mammal.
    (c) A primary enclosure used to transport marine mammals shall be 
large enough to assure the following:
    (1) A sea otter or polar bear has sufficient space to turn about 
freely with all four feet on the floor and to sit in an upright 
position, stand, or lie in a natural position;
    (2) A pinniped has sufficient space to lie in a natural position;
    (3) If a sling, harness, or other supporting device is used, there 
are at least 3 inches (7.5 centimeters) of clearance between any body 
part and the primary enclosure;
    (d) A marine mammal may be restricted in its movements according to 
professionally accepted standards of care when freedom of movement would 
constitute a danger to the animal or to handlers or other persons.
    (e) All marine mammals contained in a given primary enclosure shall 
be of the same species and be maintained in compatible groups. A marine 
mammal that has not reached puberty shall not be transported in the same 
primary enclosure with an adult marine mammal other than its mother. 
Socially dependent animals (e.g., siblings, mother, and offspring) 
transported in the same conveyance shall be allowed visual and, when 
appropriate for the species, olfactory contact. A female marine mammal 
shall not be transported in the same primary enclosure with any mature 
male marine mammal.



Sec.  14.132  Food and water.

    A marine mammal shall not be transported for more than a period of 
36 hours without being offered suitable food unless the shipper's 
written instructions or the shipper's attendant travelling with the 
mammal direct otherwise. After feeding, a marine mammal shall be rested 
for 6 hours prior to resuming transport.



Sec.  14.133  Care in transit.

    (a) Any marine mammal shall be accompanied, in the same conveyance, 
by the shipper or an authorized representative of the shipper 
knowledgeable in marine mammal care to provide for the animal's health 
and well-being. The shipper or representative shall observe such marine 
mammals to determine whether or not they need veterinary care and shall 
provide or obtain any needed veterinary care as soon as possible. Care 
during transport shall include the following (on a species-specific 
basis):
    (1) Keeping the skin moist or preventing the drying of the skin by 
such methods as covering with wet cloths, spraying it with water or 
applying a nontoxic emollient;
    (2) Assuring that the pectoral flippers (when applicable) are 
allowed freedom of movement at all times;
    (3) Making adjustments in the position of the mammal when necessary 
to prevent necrosis of the skin at weight pressure points; and

[[Page 84]]

    (4) Calming the mammal to prevent struggling, thrashing, and other 
activity that may cause overheating or physical trauma.
    (b) Unless otherwise directed by a shipper or authorized 
representative, at least one-half of the floor area in a primary 
enclosure used to transport sea otters to the United States shall 
contain sufficient crushed ice or ice water to provide each otter with 
moisture necessary to maintain its hair coat by preventing it from 
drying and to minimize soiling of the hair coat with urine and fecal 
material.
    (c) A marine mammal exhibiting excited or otherwise dangerous 
behavior shall not be taken from its primary enclosure except under 
extreme emergency conditions and then only by the shipper or other 
authorized individual who is capable of handling the animal safely.

               Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates



Sec.  14.141  Consignment to carrier.

    Species that grow antlers shall not be accepted for transport unless 
the antlers have been shed or surgically removed.



Sec.  14.142  Primary enclosures.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  14.106(j), ventilation openings must 
be located on at least two walls of a primary enclosure. When the 
required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the 
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 
percent of the total surface area of each ventilated wall. When 
ventilation openings are located on all four walls of the primary 
enclosure, the openings shall comprise at least 8 percent of the total 
surface area of each wall. At least one-third of the minimum area 
required for ventilation shall be located on the lower one-half of the 
primary enclosure and at least one-third of the total minimum area 
required for ventilation shall be located on the upper one-half of the 
primary enclosure.
    (b) No more than one elephant or ungulate shall be transported in a 
primary enclosure, except that: a mother and nursing young may be 
shipped in the same primary enclosure if the shipment complies with the 
provisions of Sec.  14.105(b); in the case of land or sea transport, a 
pair of juvenile elephants or ungulates or other pairs that have been 
habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure.
    (c) A primary enclosure used to transport an elephant or ungulate 
shall be large enough to allow the animal to lie or stand in a natural 
upright position with the head extended, but not large enough for the 
animal to roll over.
    (d) A primary enclosure used to transport an elephant or ungulate 
with horns or tusks shall be designed and constructed to prevent the 
horns or tusks from becoming trapped or injuring the animal itself, 
other animals nearby, attendants, or cargo handlers.
    (e) A primary enclosure for an elephant or ungulate shall be 
equipped with a removable water trough that can be securely hung within 
the enclosure above the floor and can be filled from outside the 
enclosure.

   Specifications for Sloths, Bats, and Flying Lemurs (Cynocephalidae)



Sec.  14.151  Primary enclosures.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  14.106(j), ventilation openings must 
be located on at least two walls of a primary enclosure. When the 
required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the 
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 
percent of the total surface area of the ventilated wall. When 
ventilation openings are located on all four walls, the openings shall 
comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At 
least one-third of the total minimum area required for ventilation of 
the primary enclosure shall be located on the upper one-half of the 
primary enclosure.
    (b) No more than one sloth, bat, or flying lemur (Cynocephalidae) 
shall be transported in a primary enclosure. However, a mother and her 
nursing young being transported for medical reasons, an established 
male-female pair, a family group, a pair of juvenile animals that have 
not reached puberty, or other small groups of animals that

[[Page 85]]

have been habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary 
enclosure.
    (c) A primary enclosure used to transport sloths, bats, or flying 
lemurs shall be large enough to ensure that each animal has sufficient 
space to move freely and in a normal manner and shall have a wide perch, 
bar, or mesh of suitable strength fitted under the top of the enclosure 
and spaced from it in such a way that the animals may hang from it 
freely in a natural position.

              Specifications for Other Terrestrial Mammals



Sec.  14.161  Primary enclosures.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  14.106(j), ventilation openings must 
be located on at least two walls of a primary enclosure. When the 
required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the 
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 
percent of the total surface area of each ventilated wall. When openings 
are located on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings shall 
comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At 
least one-third of the minimum area required for ventilation shall be 
located on the lower one-half of the enclosure, and at least one-third 
of the total minimum area required for ventilation shall be located on 
the upper one-half of the enclosure.
    (b) No more than one terrestrial mammal (other than rodents) shall 
be transported in a primary enclosure. However, a mother and her nursing 
young may be shipped in the same primary enclosure if the shipment 
complies with the provisions of Sec.  14.105(b).
    (c) More than one rodent may be transported in the same primary 
enclosure if they are members of the same species and are maintained in 
compatible groups. Rodents that are incompatible shall be transported in 
individual primary enclosures that are stored and transported so they 
are visually separated. A female with young being transported for 
medical reasons shall not be placed in a primary enclosure with other 
animals. The following chart specifies maximum densities minimum space 
for transporting rodents that fall within the specified weight 
limitations. Max. No. refers to maximum number per primary enclosure; 
Space/animal refers to minimum area of floor space per animals. Rodents 
weighing more than 5,000 grams shall be transported in individual 
enclosures.

                     Density Guidelines for Rodents
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Space/Animal    Ht. of
                                          Max. ----------------    Box
                                          No.                  ---------
                                                cm \2\  in \2\   cm   in
------------------------------------------------------------------------
wt. in grams of rodent:
220 or less............................     20     194      30   15    6
220-450................................     12     388      60   20    8
450-1000...............................      6     770     120   25   10
1,000-5,000............................      2   2,310     360   30   12
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) A primary enclosure used to transport terrestrial mammals shall 
be large enough to ensure that each animal has sufficient space to turn 
around freely in a normal manner. The height of the primary enclosure 
shall provide adequate space for the animal to stand upright in a normal 
posture with space above its head. The length of the primary enclosure 
shall be great enough to enable the animal to lie in a full prone 
position.

                        Specifications for Birds



Sec.  14.171  Consignment to carrier.

    (a) A personally owned pet bird originally transported from the 
United States and being returned to this country with its original 
United States certificate of veterinary inspection within 60 days of 
departure may be accepted by a carrier without a new veterinary 
examination.
    (b) No carrier shall accept for transport to the United States any 
bird that was captured in the wild unless a qualified veterinarian, 
authorized by the national government of the country from which the bird 
is being exported, certifies that the bird has been held in captivity 
for at least 14 days.



Sec.  14.172  Primary enclosures.

    (a) A primary enclosure for birds shall have ventilation openings on 
two vertical sides that comprise at least 16 percent of the surface area 
of each side

[[Page 86]]

and are positioned so as to decrease the likelihood of creating a draft.
    (b) Perches shall be provided for birds that rest by perching. The 
diameter of the perch shall be sufficient to permit the birds to 
maintain a firm, comfortable grip. Perches shall be placed so that 
droppings do not fall into food or water troughs or onto other perched 
birds. There shall be enough head room to allow the birds to move onto 
and off the perches without touching the top of the enclosure.
    (c) An enclosure used to transport one or more birds that rest by 
perching shall be large enough to ensure that sufficient perch space is 
available for all birds to perch comfortably at the same time. No more 
than 50 birds that rest by perching shall be transported in one primary 
enclosure, with the exception of large birds (longer than 23 cm, or 9 
inches), which are limited to a maximum of 25 per primary enclosure.
    (d) A primary enclosure used to transport a raptorial bird shall be 
large enough to transport the bird comfortably and to permit it to turn 
around without stretching its wings to the fullest extent. Only one 
raptorial bird shall be contained in a primary enclosure.
    (e) A primary enclosure containing nonraptorial birds that do not 
rest by perching shall be large enough for the birds to turn around, to 
lie down, to stand erect, and to change posture in a normal manner.
    (f) Nectar-feeding birds shall either be transported in a primary 
enclosure equipped with feeding bottles accessible from outside the 
enclosure for replenishment or hand-carried and fed in accordance with 
the written instructions of the shipper.
    (g) Birds transported in the same primary enclosure shall be of the 
same species and be compatible with one another. Birds that are 
incompatible shall be placed in individual primary enclosures and these 
enclosures shall not be stored or transported in visual proximity to one 
another.



                  Subpart K_Captive Wildlife Safety Act

    Source: 72 FR 45946, Aug. 16, 2007, unless otherwise noted.



Sec.  14.250  What is the purpose of these regulations?

    The regulations in this subpart implement the Captive Wildlife 
Safety Act (CWSA), 117 Stat. 2871, which amended the Lacey Act 
Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371-3378, by adding paragraphs 2(g), 
3(a)(2)(C), and 3(e) (16 U.S.C. 3371, 3372).



Sec.  14.251  What other regulations may apply?

    The provisions of this subpart are in addition to, and are not in 
place of, other regulations of this subchapter B that may require a 
permit or describe additional restrictions or conditions for the 
importation, exportation, transportation, sale, receipt, acquisition, or 
purchase of wildlife in interstate or foreign commerce.



Sec.  14.252  What definitions do I need to know?

    In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of this 
subchapter, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this subpart:
    Accredited wildlife sanctuary means a facility that cares for live 
specimens of one or more of the prohibited wildlife species and:
    (1) Is approved by the United States Internal Revenue Service as a 
corporation that is exempt from taxation under Sec.  501(a) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, which is described in Sec. Sec.  
501(c)(3) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi) of that code;
    (2) Does not commercially trade in prohibited wildlife species, 
including offspring, parts, and products;
    (3) Does not propagate any of the prohibited wildlife species; and
    (4) Does not allow any direct contact between the public and the 
prohibited wildlife species.
    Direct contact means any situation in which any individual other 
than an authorized keeper or caregiver may potentially touch or 
otherwise come into physical contact with any live specimen of the 
prohibited wildlife species.
    Licensed person means any individual, facility, agency, or other 
entity that holds a valid license from and is inspected by the U.S. 
Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 
(APHIS) under the

[[Page 87]]

Animal Welfare Act (AWA) (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.) (See definition of 
``licensee'' in 9 CFR 1.1.).
    Prohibited wildlife species means a specimen of any of the following 
eight species: Lion (Panthera leo), tiger (Panthera tigris), leopard 
(Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia uncia), clouded leopard (Neofelis 
nebulosa), jaguar (Panthera onca), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), and 
cougar (Puma concolor) or any hybrids resulting from the breeding of any 
combination of any of these species, for example, a liger (a male lion 
and a female tiger) or a tiglon (a male tiger and a female lion), 
whether naturally or artificially produced.
    Propagate means to allow or facilitate the production of offspring 
of any of the prohibited wildlife species, by any means.
    Registered person means any individual, facility, agency, or other 
entity that is registered with and inspected by APHIS under the AWA (See 
definition of ``registrant'' in 9 CFR 1.1.).



Sec.  14.253  What are the restrictions contained in these regulations?

    Except as provided in Sec.  14.255, it is unlawful for any person to 
import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase, in 
interstate or foreign commerce, any live prohibited wildlife species.



Sec.  14.254  What are the requirements contained in these regulations?

    In order to qualify for the exemption in Sec.  14.255, an accredited 
wildlife sanctuary must maintain complete and accurate records of any 
possession, transportation, acquisition, disposition, importation, or 
exportation of the prohibited wildlife species covered by the CWSA. 
These records must be up to date, and must include the names and 
addresses of persons to or from whom any prohibited wildlife species has 
been acquired, imported, exported, purchased, sold, or otherwise 
transferred; and the dates of these transactions. The accredited 
wildlife sanctuary must maintain these records for 5 years, must make 
these records available to Service officials for inspection at 
reasonable hours, and must copy these records for Service officials, if 
requested. In addition, by declaring itself to be accredited under this 
subpart, a wildlife sanctuary agrees to allow access to its facilities 
and its prohibited wildlife specimens by Service officials at reasonable 
hours.



Sec.  14.255  Are there any exemptions to the restrictions contained in
these regulations?

    The prohibitions of Sec.  14.253 do not apply to:
    (a) A licensed person or registered person;
    (b) A State college, university, or agency;
    (c) A State-licensed wildlife rehabilitator;
    (d) A State-licensed veterinarian;
    (e) An accredited wildlife sanctuary; or
    (f) A person who:
    (1) Can produce documentation showing that he or she is transporting 
live prohibited wildlife species between persons who are exempt from the 
prohibitions in Sec.  14.253; and
    (2) Has no financial interest in the prohibited wildlife species 
other than payment received for transporting them.



PART 15_WILD BIRD CONSERVATION ACT--Table of Contents



              Subpart A_Introduction and General Provisions

Sec.
15.1 Purpose of regulations.
15.2 Scope of regulations.
15.3 Definitions.
15.4 Information collection requirements.

                 Subpart B_Prohibitions and Requirements

15.11 Prohibitions.
15.12 Requirements.

     Subpart C_Permits and Approval of Cooperative Breeding Programs

15.21 General application procedures.
15.22 Permits for scientific research.
15.23 Permits for zoological breeding or display programs.
15.24 Permits for cooperative breeding.
15.25 Permits for personal pets.
15.26 Approval of cooperative breeding programs.

[[Page 88]]

   Subpart D_Approved List of Species Listed in the Appendices to the 
                               Convention

15.31 Criteria for including species in the approved list for captive-
          bred species.
15.32 Criteria for including species in the approved list for non-
          captive-bred species.
15.33 Species included in the approved list.

   Subpart E_Qualifying Facilities Breeding Exotic Birds in Captivity

15.41 Criteria for including facilities as qualifying for imports. 
          [Reserved]
15.42 List of foreign qualifying breeding facilities. [Reserved]

Subpart F_List of Prohibited Species Not Listed in the Appendices to the 
                               Convention

15.51 Criteria for including species and countries in the prohibited 
          list. [Reserved]
15.52 Species included in the prohibited list. [Reserved]
15.53 Countries of export included in the prohibited list. [Reserved]

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 4901-4916.

    Source: 58 FR 60536, Nov. 16, 1993, unless otherwise noted.



              Subpart A_Introduction and General Provisions



Sec.  15.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations in this part implement the Wild Bird Conservation 
Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102-440, 16 U.S.C. 4901-4916.



Sec.  15.2  Scope of regulations.

    (a) The regulations in this part apply to all species of exotic 
birds, as defined in section 15.3.
    (b) The provisions in this part are in addition to, and are not in 
lieu of, other regulations of this subchapter B that may require a 
permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the 
import, export, reexport, and transportation of wildlife.



Sec.  15.3  Definitions.

    In addition to the definitions contained in parts 10 and 23 of this 
subchapter B, and unless the context requires otherwise, in this part:
    Documentation means a description of how scientific information was 
collected, including the methodologies used; names and institutions of 
individuals conducting the work; dates and locations of any study; and 
any published results or reports from the work.
    Exotic bird means any live or dead member of the Class Aves that is 
not indigenous to the 50 States or the District of Columbia, including 
any egg or offspring thereof, but does not include domestic poultry, 
dead sport-hunted birds, dead museum specimens, dead scientific 
specimens, products manufactured from such birds, or birds in any of the 
following families: Phasianidae. Numididae, Cracidae, Meleagrididae, 
Megapodiidae, Anatidae, Struthionidae Rheidae, Dromaiinae, and Gruidae.
    Indigenous means a species that is naturally occurring, not 
introduced as a result of human activity, and that currently regularly 
inhabits or breeds in the 50 States or the District of Columbia.
    Life cycle means the annual processes involved with breeding, 
migration, and all other non-breeding activities.
    Person means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, 
association, or any other private entity; or any officer, employee, 
agent, department, or instrumentality of the Federal Government, of any 
State, municipality, or political subdivision of a State, or of any 
foreign government; any State, municipality, or political subdivision of 
a State; or any other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
States.
    Species means any species, any subspecies, or any district 
population segment of a species or subspecies, and includes hybrids of 
any species or subspecies. Hybrids will be treated according to the more 
restrictive appendix or category in which either parental species is 
listed.
    Status means a qualitative measure of the vulnerability to 
extinction or extirpation of a population at a given time (e.g., 
endangered, threatened, vulnerable, non-threatened, or insufficiently 
known).
    Sustainable use means the use of a species in a manner and at a 
level such that populations of the species are maintained at 
biologically viable levels

[[Page 89]]

for the long term and involves a determination of the productive 
capacity of the species and its ecosystem, in order to ensure that 
utilization does not exceed those capacities or the ability of the 
population to reproduce, maintain itself and perform its role or 
function in its ecosystem.
    Trend means a long-term assessment of any change in the absolute or 
relative size of a species' population or habitat over time (e.g., 
increasing, decreasing, at equilibrium, insufficiently known).
    United States means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, 
the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust 
Territory of the Pacific Islands.

[58 FR 60536, Nov. 16, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 2091, Jan. 24, 1996]



Sec.  15.4  Information collection requirements.

    (a) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information 
collection requirements contained in this part 15 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 
and assigned OMB Control Number 1018-0093. The Service may not conduct 
or sponsor, and you are not required to respond, to a collection of 
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We 
are collecting this information to provide information necessary to 
evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review 
permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria 
established in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and 
regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of 
permits. You must respond to obtain or retain a permit.
    (b) We estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting 
requirements to vary from 1 to 4 hours per response, with an average of 
2 hours per response, including time for reviewing instructions, 
gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the forms. 
Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of 
these reporting requirements to the Service's Information Collection 
Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).

[63 FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998, as amended at 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



                 Subpart B_Prohibitions and Requirements



Sec.  15.11  Prohibitions.

    (a) Except as provided under a permit issued pursuant to subpart C 
of this part, it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction 
of the United States to commit, attempt to commit, to solicit another to 
commit, or to cause to be committed, any of the acts described in 
paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section in regard to any exotic bird.
    (b) It is unlawful to import into the United States any exotic bird 
species listed in the Appendices to the Convention that is not included 
in the approved list of species, pursuant to subpart D of this part, 
except that this paragraph (b) does not apply to any exotic bird that 
was bred in a foreign breeding facility listed as qualifying pursuant to 
subpart E of this part.
    (c) It is unlawful to import into the United States any exotic bird 
species not listed in the Appendices to the Convention that is listed in 
the prohibited species list, pursuant to subpart F of this part.
    (d) It is unlawful to import into the United States any exotic bird 
species from any country included in the prohibited country list, 
pursuant to subpart F of this part.
    (e) It is unlawful to import into the United States any exotic bird 
species from a qualifying facility breeding exotic birds in captivity, 
listed pursuant to subpart E of this part, if the exotic bird was not 
captive-bred at the listed facility.
    (f) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the 
United States to engage in any activity with an exotic bird imported 
under a permit issued pursuant to this part that violates a condition of 
said permit.

[58 FR 60536, Nov. 16, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 62255, Dec. 2, 1994]

[[Page 90]]



Sec.  15.12  Requirements.

    (a) No person shall import into the United States any exotic bird 
except as may be permitted under the terms of a valid permit issued 
pursuant to the provisions of subpart C of this part and 50 CFR part 13, 
or in accordance with the provisions of subparts D-F of this part 15, or 
in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Any exotic bird can be imported to the United States if it was 
legally exported from the United States with a permit issued by the 
Service's Office of Management Authority, provided that the import is by 
the same person who exported the bird, the import is accompanied by a 
copy of the cleared CITES export permit or certificate issued by the 
Service that was used to export the exotic bird, and the Service is 
satisfied that the same bird is being imported as is indicted on the 
aforementioned permit or certificate.



     Subpart C_Permits and Approval of Cooperative Breeding Programs



Sec.  15.21  General application procedures.

    (a) The Director may issue a permit authorizing the importation of 
exotic birds otherwise prohibited by Sec.  15.11, in accordance with the 
issuance criteria of this subpart, for the following purposes only: 
Scientific research; zoological breeding or display programs; 
cooperative breeding programs designed to promote the conservation and 
maintenance of the species in the wild; or personally owned pets 
accompanying persons returning to the United States after being out of 
the country for more than 1 year.
    (b) Additional requirements as indicated in parts 13, 14, 17, 21, 
and 23 of this subchapter must also be met.
    (c) A person wishing to obtain a permit under this subpart or 
approval of cooperative breeding programs under this subpart submits an 
application to the attention of the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service, at the address listed for the Division of Management Authority 
at 50 CFR 2.1(b). Each application must contain the general information 
and certification required in Sec.  13.12(a) of this subchapter, and all 
of the information specified in the applicable section Sec. Sec.  15.22 
through 15.26.

[58 FR 60536, Nov. 16, 1993, as amended at 63 FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998; 79 
FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



Sec.  15.22  Permits for scientific research.

    (a) Application requirements for permits for scientific research. 
Each application shall provide the following information and such other 
information that the Director may require:
    (1) A description of the exotic bird(s) to be imported, including:
    (i) The common and scientific names of the species, number, age or 
age class, and, when known, sex; and
    (ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of the application, the 
exotic bird is still in the wild, has already been removed from the 
wild, or was bred in captivity;
    (2) If the exotic bird is in the wild or was taken from the wild, 
include:
    (i) The country and region where the removal will occur or occurred;
    (ii) A description of the status of the species in the region of 
removal; and
    (iii) A copy of any foreign collecting permit or authorizing letter, 
if applicable;
    (3) If the exotic bird was bred in captivity, include:
    (i) Documents or other evidence that the bird was bred in captivity, 
including the name and address of the breeder, and when known, hatch 
date and identity of the parental birds; and
    (ii) If the applicant is not the breeder, documentation showing the 
bird was acquired from a breeder and a history of multiple transactions, 
if applicable:
    (4) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining a permit, and a complete description of the scientific 
research to be conducted on the exotic bird requested, including:
    (i) Formal research protocol with timetable;
    (ii) The relationship of such research to the conservation of the 
species in the wild;
    (iii) A discussion of possible alternatives and efforts to obtain 
birds from other sources; and

[[Page 91]]

    (iv) Plans for disposition of the exotic birds and any progeny upon 
completion of the research project;
    (5) Qualifications of the scientific personnel conducting the 
proposed research, including applicable experience and a description of 
relevant past research conducted;
    (6) A description of the care and maintenance of the exotic bird, 
and how the facility meets professionally recognized standards, 
including;
    (i) The name and address of the facility where the exotic bird will 
be maintained;
    (ii) Dimensions of existing enclosures for the birds to be imported 
and number of birds to be housed in each; and
    (iii) Husbandry practices.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the 
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in part 13 
of this subchapter, the following factors;
    (1) Whether the purpose of the scientific research is adequate to 
justify removing the exotic bird from the wild or otherwise changing its 
status;
    (2) Whether the proposed import would be detrimental to the survival 
of the exotic bird species in the wild, including whether the exotic 
bird was bred in captivity or was (or will be) taken from the wild, 
taking into consideration the conservation status of the species in the 
wild;
    (3) Whether the permit, if issued, would conflict with any known 
program intended to enhance the survival of the population from which 
the exotic bird was or would be removed;
    (4) Whether the research for which the permit is required has 
scientific merit;
    (5) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available 
to the applicant appear adequate for proper care and maintenance of the 
exotic bird and to successfully accomplish the research objectives 
stated in the application.
    (c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this 
section shall be subject to special conditions as the Director may deem 
appropriate.
    (d) Duration of permits. The duration of the import permits issued 
under this section shall be designated on the face of the permit, but in 
no case will these permits be valid for longer than one year.



Sec.  15.23  Permits for zoological breeding or display programs.

    (a) Application requirements for permits for zoological breeding or 
display programs. Each application shall provide the following 
information and such other information that the Director may require:
    (1) A description of the exotic bird(s) to be imported, including:
    (i) The common and scientific names of the species, number, age or 
age class, and, when known, sex; and
    (ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of the application, the 
exotic bird is still in the wild, has already been removed from the 
wild, or was bred in captivity;
    (2) If the exotic bird is in the wild or was taken from the wild 
include:
    (i) The country and region where the removal will occur or occurred;
    (ii) A description of the status of the species in the region of 
removal; and
    (iii) A copy of any foreign collecting permit or authorizing letter, 
if applicable;
    (3) If the exotic bird was bred in captivity, include:
    (i) Documents or other evidence that the bird was bred in captivity, 
including the name and address of the breeder, and when known, identity 
of the parental birds, and hatch date; and
    (ii) If the applicant is not the breeder, documentation showing the 
bird was acquired from a breeder and a history of multiple transactions, 
if applicable;
    (4) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining a permit, and a complete description of the breeding or 
display program to be conducted with the exotic bird requested, 
including:
    (i) A breeding or education protocol that provides information on 
educational materials on the ecology and/or conservation status of the 
species provided to the general public;

[[Page 92]]

    (ii) Plans, if any, for developing or maintaining a self-sustaining 
population of the exotic bird species in captivity;
    (iii) A statement on efforts to obtain birds from alternative 
sources or sources within the United States;
    (iv) The relationship of such a breeding or display program to the 
conservation of the species in the wild; and
    (v) Plans for disposition of the exotic birds and any progeny.
    (5) A description of the care and maintenance of the exotic bird, 
and how the facility meets professionally recognized standards of the 
public display community, including:
    (i) The name and address of the facility where the exotic bird will 
be maintained;
    (ii) Dimensions of existing enclosures for the birds to be imported 
and number of birds to be housed in each;
    (iii) Husbandry practices;
    (6) A history of the zoological facility's breeding programs with 
the same or similar species, including:
    (i) Participation in any cooperative breeding programs;
    (ii) Breeding and inventory records for the last two years, 
including hatching, survival, and mortality records; and
    (iii) Causes of any mortalities and efforts made to correct any 
problems.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the 
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in part 13 
of this subchapter, the following factors:
    (1) Whether the zoological breeding or display program is adequate 
to justify removing the exotic bird from the wild or otherwise changing 
its status;
    (2) Whether the proposed import would be detrimental to the survival 
of the exotic bird species in the wild, including whether the exotic 
bird was bred in captivity or was (or will be) taken from the wild, 
taking into consideration the conservation status of the species in the 
wild;
    (3) Whether the permit, if issued, would conflict with any known 
program intended to enhance the survival of the population from which 
the exotic bird was or would be removed;
    (4) Whether the breeding or display program for which the permit is 
required has conservation merit; and
    (5) Whether the expertise, facilities or other resources available 
to the applicant appear adequate for proper care and maintenance of the 
exotic bird and to successfully accomplish the zoological breeding or 
display objectives stated in the application.
    (c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this 
section shall be subject to special conditions as the Director may deem 
appropriate.
    (d) Duration of permits. The duration of the import permits issued 
under this section shall be designated on the face of the permit, but in 
no case will these permits be valid for longer than one year.



Sec.  15.24  Permits for cooperative breeding.

    (a) Application requirements for permits for cooperative breeding. 
Each application shall provide the following information and such other 
information that the Director may require:
    (1) A description of the exotic bird(s) to be imported, including:
    (i) The common and scientific names of the species, number, age or 
age class, and, when known, sex; and
    (ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of the application, the 
exotic bird is still in the wild, has already been removed from the 
wild, or was bred in captivity;
    (2) If the exotic bird is still in the wild or was taken from the 
wild include;
    (i) The country and region where the removal will occur or occurred;
    (ii) A description of the status of the species in the region of 
removal; and
    (iii) A copy of any foreign collecting permit or authorizing letter, 
if applicable;
    (3) If the exotic bird was bred in captivity, include;
    (i) Documents or other evidence that the bird was bred in captivity, 
including the name and address of the breeder, when known, the identity 
of the parental birds and hatch date; and

[[Page 93]]

    (ii) If the applicant is not the breeder, documentation showing the 
bird was acquired from the breeder and a history of multiple 
transactions, if applicable;
    (4) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining a permit, and a statement detailing the applicant's 
participation in a cooperative breeding program approved under section 
15.26 of this chapter, including;
    (i) Copies of any signed agreements or protocols with the monitoring 
avicultural, conservation, or zoological organization overseeing the 
program; and
    (ii) Applicable records of the cooperative breeding program of any 
other birds imported, their progeny, and their disposition;
    (5) A complete description of the relationship of the exotic bird to 
the approved cooperative breeding program, including;
    (i) A statement of the role of the exotic bird in a breeding 
protocol;
    (ii) A plan for maintaining a self-sustaining captive population of 
the exotic bird species;
    (iii) Details on recordkeeping; and
    (iv) Plans for disposition of the exotic birds and any progeny 
produced during the course of this program.
    (6) A statement outlining the applicant's attempts to obtain the 
exotic bird in a manner that would not cause its removal from the wild, 
and attempts to obtain the specimens of the exotic bird species from 
stock available in the United States;
    (7) A description of the care and maintenance of the exotic bird, 
and how the facility meets professionally recognized standards, 
including;
    (i) The name and address of the facility where the exotic bird will 
be maintained;
    (ii) Dimensions of existing enclosures for birds to be imported and 
number of birds to be housed in each; and
    (iii) Husbandry practices;
    (8) A history of the applicant's past participation in cooperative 
breeding programs with the same or similar species, including;
    (i) Breeding and inventory records for at least the last two years;
    (ii) Hatching, survival, and mortality records;
    (iii) Causes of any mortalities and efforts made to correct any 
problems.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the 
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in part 13 
of this subchapter, the following factors;
    (1) Whether the cooperative breeding program is adequate to justify 
removing the exotic bird from the wild or otherwise changing its status;
    (2) Whether the proposed import would be detrimental to the survival 
of the exotic bird species in the wild, including whether the exotic 
bird was bred in captivity or was (or will be) taken from the wild, 
taking into consideration the conservation status of the species in the 
wild;
    (3) Whether the cooperative breeding program for which the permit is 
required would be likely to enhance or promote the conservation of the 
exotic bird species in the wild or result in a self-sustaining 
population of the exotic bird species in captivity; and
    (4) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available 
to the applicant appear adequate for proper care and maintenance of the 
exotic birds and to successfully accomplish the cooperative breeding 
objectives stated in the application.
    (c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this 
section shall be subject to special conditions as the Director may deem 
appropriate.
    (d) Duration of permits. The duration of the import permits issued 
under this section shall be designated on the face of the permit, but in 
no case will these permits be valid for longer than one year.



Sec.  15.25  Permits for personal pets.

    (a) Application requirements for personal pets not intended for 
sale. No individual may import more than two exotic birds as pets in any 
year. Each application shall provide the following information and such 
other information that the Director may require:

[[Page 94]]

    (1) A description of the exotic bird to be imported, including;
    (i) The common and scientific names, number, age, and, when known, 
sex;
    (ii) A band number, house name, or any other unique identifying 
feature; and
    (iii) A statement as to whether the exotic bird was bred in 
captivity or taken from the wild;
    (2) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining a permit;
    (3) Documentation showing that the applicant has continually resided 
outside of the United States for a minimum of one year;
    (4) A statement of the number of exotic birds imported during the 
previous 12 months as personal pets by the applicant;
    (5) Information on the origin of the exotic bird, including;
    (i) Country of origin; and
    (ii) A description and documentation of how the exotic bird was 
acquired, including a copy of any Convention permit under which the bird 
was re-exported or exported. If there is no such permit, a sales receipt 
or signed statement from seller with name and address of seller, date of 
sale, species, and other identifying information on the bird or signed 
breeder's certificate or statement with name and address of breeder, 
date of sale or transfer, species and hatch date.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the 
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in part 13 
of this subchapter, the following factors:
    (1) Whether the proposed import would be detrimental to the survival 
of the exotic bird species in the wild;
    (2) Whether the exotic bird to be imported is a personal pet owned 
by the applicant, who has continuously resided outside the United States 
for a minimum of one year, and who has no intention to sell the bird; 
and
    (3) Whether the number of exotic birds imported in the previous 12 
months by the applicant does not exceed two.
    (c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this 
section shall be subject to special conditions that no individual may 
import more than two exotic birds as personal pets in any year, the 
exotic birds cannot be sold after importation into the United States, 
and any other conditions as the Director may deem appropriate.
    (d) Duration of permits. The duration of the import permits issued 
under this section shall be designated on the face of the permit.



Sec.  15.26  Approval of cooperative breeding programs.

    Upon receipt of a complete application, the Director may approve 
cooperative breeding programs. Such approval will allow individuals to 
import exotic birds otherwise prohibited by section 15.11, with permits 
under section 15.24. Such approval for cooperative breeding programs 
shall be granted in accordance with the issuance criteria of this 
section.
    (a) Application requirements for approval of cooperative breeding 
programs. Each application shall provide the following information and 
such other information that the Director may require:
    (1) A description of the exotic bird(s) to be imported or to be 
covered under the program, including the common and scientific names of 
the species, number, sex ratio (if applicable), and age class;
    (2) A statement of the reasons the applicant is justified in 
obtaining this approval, and a description of the cooperative breeding 
program requested for the exotic bird species, including:
    (i) A breeding protocol, including a genetic management plan and 
breeding methods;
    (ii) A statement on the plans for developing and maintaining a self-
sustaining population in captivity of the exotic bird species;
    (iii) Details on the system of recordkeeping and tracking of birds 
and their progeny, including how individual specimens will be marked or 
otherwise identified;

[[Page 95]]

    (iv) A statement on the relationship of such a breeding program to 
the conservation of the exotic bird species in the world;
    (v) Details on the funding of this program; and
    (vi) Plans for disposition of the exotic birds and any progeny;
    (3) A qualification statement for each individual who will be 
overseeing the cooperative breeding program. This statement should 
include information on the individual's prior experience with the same 
or similar bird species. Individuals overseeing the program will be 
required to demonstrate an affiliation with an avicultural, 
conservation, or zoological organization;
    (4) A statement of the oversight of the program by the avicultural, 
zoological, or conservation organization, including their monitoring of 
participation in the program, criteria for acceptance of individuals 
into the program, and the relationship of the cooperative breeding 
program to enhancing the propagation and survival of the species; and
    (5) A history of the cooperative breeding program, including an 
annual report for the last 3 years (if applicable), mortality records, 
breeding records, and a studbook if one has been developed for the 
species.
    (b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in 
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide 
whether or not a cooperative breeding program should be approved. In 
making this decision, the Director shall consider, in addition to the 
general criteria in part 13 of this subchapter, the following factors:
    (1) Whether the cooperative breeding program for which the approval 
is requested is adequate to justify removing the exotic bird from the 
wild or otherwise changing its status;
    (2) Whether the granting of this approval would be detrimental to 
the survival of the exotic bird species in the wild, including whether 
the exotic birds were bred in captivity or will be taken from the wild, 
taking into consideration the conservation status of the species in the 
wild;
    (3) Whether the granting of this approval would conflict with any 
known program intended to enhance the survival of the population from 
which the exotic bird species was or would be removed;
    (4) Whether the cooperative breeding program for which the permit is 
requested would be likely to enhance or promote the conservation of the 
exotic bird species in the wild or result in a self-sustaining 
population of the exotic bird species in captivity; and
    (5) Whether the expertise or other resources available to the 
program appear adequate to successfully accomplish the objectives stated 
in the application.
    (c) Publication in the Federal Register. The Director shall publish 
notice in the Federal Register of each application submitted under Sec.  
15.26(a). Each notice shall invite the submission from interested 
parties of written data, views, or arguments with respect to the 
application. The Director shall publish periodically a notice as 
appropriate in the Federal Register of the list of approved cooperative 
breeding programs.
    (d) Approval conditions. In addition to the general conditions set 
forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every approval issued under this 
paragraph shall be subject to the special condition that the cooperative 
breeding program shall maintain records of all birds imported under 
permits issued under this subpart and their progeny, including their 
sale or transfer, death, or escape, and breeding success. These records 
shall be made available to the Service on request and when renewing an 
approval.
    (e) Duration of approval. Cooperative breeding programs shall be 
approved for two years, at which time applicants may apply to the 
Service for renewal of a program's approval. Applications for renewal of 
approval shall comply with the general conditions set forth in part 13 
of this subchapter.



   Subpart D_Approved List of Species Listed in the Appendices to the 
                               Convention

    Source: 59 FR 62262, Dec. 2, 1994, unless otherwise noted.

[[Page 96]]



Sec.  15.31  Criteria for including species in the approved list for
captive-bred species.

    The Director will periodically review the list of captive-bred 
exotic bird species in paragraph 15.33(a), for which importation into 
the United States is approved. Any exotic bird species listed in 
paragraph 15.33(a) pursuant to this section must meet all of the 
following criteria:
    (a) All specimens of the species known to be in trade (legal or 
illegal) are captive-bred;
    (b) No specimens of the species are known to be removed from the 
wild for commercial purposes;
    (c) Any importation of specimens of the species would not be 
detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild; and
    (d) Adequate enforcement controls are in place to ensure compliance 
with paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.



Sec.  15.32  Criteria for including species in the approved list for
non-captive-bred species.

    Upon receipt of a completed sustainable use management plan for a 
country of export, the Director may approve a species listed in 
Appendices II or III of the Convention for importation from that 
country. Such approval shall be granted in accordance with the issuance 
criteria of this section. All approved species and countries of export 
will be listed in section 15.33.
    (a) Requirements for scientifically-based sustainable use management 
plans. Sustainable use management plans developed by the country of 
export should be submitted for species which breed in the country of 
export. If the species does not breed in the country of export, the 
Service will consider sustainable use management plans only when the 
plan is scientifically valid and nesting (breeding) information can be 
provided from countries in which the species breeds. Sustainable use 
management plans shall include the following information, and any other 
information that may be appropriate:
    (1) Background information, including the following:
    (i) The scientific and common name of the species;
    (ii) Letters from the country of export's Management and Scientific 
Authorities transmitting the management plan of this species;
    (iii) A summary of the country of export's legislation related to 
this species and legislation implementing the Convention, and, where 
appropriate, a summary of implementing regulations;
    (iv) A summary, from the country of export's Management Authority, 
of the country's infrastructure and law enforcement and monitoring 
mechanisms designed to ensure both enforcement of and compliance with 
the requirements of the management plan, and that the number of birds 
removed from the wild or exported will be consistent with the management 
plan;
    (v) Recent information on the distribution of the species within the 
country of export, including scientific references and maps, and 
historical information on distributions, if relevant; and
    (vi) The species' status and its current population trend in the 
country of export, including scientific references and copies of the 
most recent non-detriment findings made by the exporting country's 
Scientific Authority.
    (2) Habitat information, including:
    (i) A general description of habitats used by the species for each 
portion of the life cycle completed within the country of export;
    (ii) Recent information on the size and distribution of these 
habitats throughout the country of export and in each area or region of 
take, including scientific references and maps. The approximate location 
of any reserves that provide protection for this species should be 
indicated on the accompanying map(s), along with a brief description of 
how reserves are protected and how that protection is enforced;
    (iii) Status and trends of the important habitats used by the 
species in the country of export as a whole whenever available and 
within each area or region of take, including scientific references;
    (iv) Factors, including management activities, favoring or 
threatening the species' habitat in the foreseeable future within each 
area or region of take, and throughout the country of export

[[Page 97]]

whenever available, including scientific references; and
    (v) A list of management plans that have been or are being planned, 
developed, or implemented for the species' important habitats, if any.
    (3) Information on the role of the species in its ecosystem, 
including:
    (i) A description of the part(s) of the species' life cycle 
completed within the country of export;
    (ii) A description of nest sites and/or plant communities that are 
most frequently used for placement of nests and, if applicable, nesting 
habits;
    (iii) A general description of the species' diet and where the 
species forages (aerial feeder, tree canopy, tree trunk, midstory, 
understory, open water or other), and seasonal changes in foraging 
habits, including, when available, scientific references; and
    (iv) Information on any species or plant community which is 
dependent on the occurrence of the exotic bird species.
    (4) Population dynamics of the species, including:
    (i) Recent population data for the population of the species in the 
country of export, as derived from indices of relative abundance or 
population estimates, along with documentation for each estimate;
    (ii) Within each area or region of take, documentation for recent 
population data or estimates, conducted for at least 3 separate years or 
1 year with a description of survey plans for future years. These 
population assessments should have been conducted during the same season 
(breeding or non-breeding) of each year for which documentation is 
submitted (i.e., be methodologically comparable--both temporally and 
spatially);
    (iii) Within each area or region of take, a scientific assessment 
(with documentation) of recent reproductive (nesting) success. This 
assessment should include information on the number of young produced 
per egg-laying female per year or per nesting pair, or if scientifically 
appropriate for the species to be exported, estimates on the number of 
young produced per year from pre-breeding and post-breeding surveys 
conducted within the same annual cycle;
    (iv) Within each area or region of take, estimation (with 
documentation) of annual mortality or loss including natural mortality 
and take for subsistence use, export trade, and domestic trade in each 
area of take; or
    (v) When appropriate, information (with documentation) on the number 
of young which can be taken from the area, as a result of a conservation 
enhancement program.
    (5) Determination of biologically sustainable use:
    (i) Estimation of the number exported from the country during the 
past 2 years, and the number of birds removed from the wild for export, 
domestic trade, illegal trade, subsistence use, and other purposes 
(specify) for the country of export during the past 2 years;
    (ii) The estimated number of birds that will be removed from the 
wild from each area of take each year for all purposes (export trade, 
domestic trade, illegal trade, and subsistence use), including a 
description of age-classes (nestlings, fledglings, sub-adults, adults, 
all classes), when applicable;
    (iii) For the projected take addressed in the management plan, a 
description of the removal process, including, but not limited to, 
locations, time of year, capture methods, means of transport, and pre-
export conditioning;
    (iv) Documentation of how each projected level of take was 
determined;
    (v) Explanation of infrastructure and law enforcement and monitoring 
mechanisms that ensure compliance with the methodology in the management 
plan and that the species will be removed at a level that ensures 
sustainable use; and
    (vi) Description of how species in each area or region of take will 
be monitored in order to determine whether the number and age classes of 
birds taken is sustainable.
    (6)(i) For species that are considered ``pests'' in the country of 
origin: documentation that such a species is a pest, including a 
description of the type of pest,--e.g., agricultural, disease carrier; a 
description of the damage the pest species causes to its ecosystem; and 
a description of how the sustainable use management plan controls 
population levels of the pest species.

[[Page 98]]

    (ii) For non-pest species: A description of how the sustainable use 
management plan promotes the value of the species and its habitats. 
Incentives for conservation may be generated by environmental education, 
cooperative efforts or projects, development of cooperative management 
units, and/or activities involving local communities.
    (7) Additional factors:
    (i) Description of any existing enhancement activities developed for 
the species, including, but not limited to, annual banding programs, 
nest watching/guarding, and nest improvement; and
    (ii) Description, including photographs or diagrams, of the shipping 
methods and enclosures proposed to be used to transport the exotic 
birds, including but not limited to feeding and care during transport, 
densities of birds in shipping enclosures, and estimated consignment 
sizes.
    (b) Approval criteria. Upon receiving a sustainable use management 
plan in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will 
decide whether or not an exotic bird species should be listed as an 
approved species for importation from the country of export, under 
section 15.33. In making this decision, the Director shall consider in 
addition to the general criteria in part 13 of this subchapter, all of 
the following factors for the species:
    (1) Whether the country of export is effectively implementing the 
Convention, particularly with respect to:
    (i) Establishment of a functioning Scientific Authority;
    (ii) The requirements of Article IV of the Convention;
    (iii) Remedial measures recommended by the Parties to the Convention 
with respect to this and similar species, including recommendations of 
permanent committees of the Convention; and
    (iv) Article VIII of the Convention, including but not limited to 
establishment of legislation and infrastructure necessary to enforce the 
Convention, and submission of annual reports to the Convention's 
Secretariat;
    (2) Whether the country of export has developed a scientifically-
based management plan for the species that:
    (i) Provides for the conservation of the species and its habitat(s);
    (ii) Includes incentives for conservation unless the species is a 
documented pest species;
    (iii) Is adequately implemented and enforced;
    (iv) Ensures that the use of the species is:
    (A) Sustainable;
    (B) Maintained throughout its range at a level that is consistent 
with the species' role in its ecosystem; and
    (C) Is well above the level at which the species might become 
threatened;
    (v) Addresses illegal trade, domestic trade, subsistence use, 
disease, and habitat loss; and
    (vi) Ensures that the methods of capture, transport, and maintenance 
of the species minimize the risk of injury, damage to health, and 
inhumane treatment; and
    (3) If the species has a multi-national distribution:
    (i) Whether populations of the species in other countries in which 
it occurs will not be detrimentally affected by exports of the species 
from the country requesting approval;
    (ii) Whether factors affecting conservation of the species, 
including export from other countries, illegal trade, domestic use, or 
subsistence use are regulated throughout the range of the species so 
that recruitment and/or breeding stocks of the species will not be 
detrimentally affected by the proposed export;
    (iii) Whether the projected take and export will not detrimentally 
affect breeding populations; and
    (iv) Whether the projected take and export will not detrimentally 
affect existing enhancement activities, conservation programs, or 
enforcement efforts throughout the species' range.
    (4) For purposes of applying the criterion in paragraph (b)(2)(iv) 
of this section, the Director may give positive consideration to plans 
wherein very conservative capture and export quotas are implemented 
prior to being able to obtain all of the biological information 
necessary for a more large-scale management plan, if the country can 
demonstrate that such conservative capture and export quotas are non-
detrimental to the species survival in the

[[Page 99]]

wild under the criterion in paragraph (b)(2)(iv) of this section.
    (c) Publication in the Federal Register. The Director shall publish 
notice in the Federal Register of the availability of each complete 
sustainable use management plan received under paragraph (a) of this 
section. Each notice shall invite the submission from interested parties 
of written data, views, or arguments with respect to the proposed 
approval.
    (d) Duration of approval. A species and country of export listed in 
section 15.33 as approved shall be approved for 3 years, at which time 
renewal of approval shall be considered by the Service.

[61 FR 2091, Jan. 24, 1996]



Sec.  15.33  Species included in the approved list.

    (a) Captive-bred species. The list in this paragraph includes 
species of captive-bred exotic birds for which importation into the 
United States is not prohibited by section 15.11. The species are 
grouped taxonomically by order.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Species                            Common name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Order Falconiiformes:
    Buteo buteo........................  Common European buzzard.
Order Columbiformes:
    Columba livia......................  Rock dove.
Order Psittaciformes:
    Agapornis personata................  Masked lovebird.
    Agapornis roseicollis..............  Peach-faced lovebird.
    Aratinga jandaya...................  Jendaya conure.
    Barnardius barnardi................  Mallee ringneck parrot.
    Bolborhynchus lineola (blue form)..  Lineolated parakeet (blue
                                          form).
    Bolborhynchus lineola (yellow form)  Lineolated parakeet (yellow
                                          form).
    Bolborhynchus lineola (white form).  Lineolated parakeet (white
                                          form).
    Cyanoramphus auriceps..............  Yellow-fronted Parakeet.
    Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae........  Red-fronted parakeet.
    Forpus coelestis (lutino form).....  Pacific parrotlet (lutino
                                          form).
    Forpus coelestis (yellow form).....  Pacific parrotlet (yellow
                                          form).
    Forpus coelestis (blue form).......  Pacific parrotlet (blue form).
    Forpus coelestis (cinnamon form)...  Pacific parrotlet (cinnamon
                                          form).
    Melopsittacus undulatus............  Budgerigar.
    Neophema bourkii...................  Bourke's parrot.
    Neophema chrysostoma...............  Blue-winged Parrot.
    Neophema elegans...................  Elegant Parrot.
    Neophema pulchella.................  Turquoise parrot.
    Neophema splendida.................  Scarlet-chested parrot.
    Nymphicus hollandicus..............  Cockatiel.
    Platycercus adelaide...............  Adelaide rosella.
    Platycercus adscitus...............  Pale-headed rosella.
    Platycercus elegans................  Crimson rosella.
    Platycercus eximius................  Eastern rosella
    Platycercus icterotis..............  Western (stanley) rosella.
    Platycercus venustus...............  Northern rosella.
    Polytelis alexandrae...............  Princess parrot.
    Polytelis anthopeplus..............  Regent parrot.
    Polytelis swainsonii...............  Superb parrot.
    Psephotus chrysopterygius \1\......  Golden-shouldered parakeet.
    Psephotus haematonotus.............  Red-rumped parakeet.
    Psephotus varius...................  Mulga parakeet.
    Psittacula eupatria (blue form)....  Alexandrine parakeet (blue
                                          form).
    Psittacula eupatria (lutino form)..  Alexandrine parakeet (lutino
                                          form).
    Psittacula krameri manillensis.....  Indian ringneck parakeet.
    Purpureicephalus spurius...........  Red-capped parrot.
    Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus......  Scaly-breasted lorikeet.
Order Passeriformes:
    Aegintha temporalis................  Red-browed Finch.
    Aidemosyne modesta.................  Cherry Finch.
    Chloebia gouldiae..................  Gouldian finch.
    Emblema guttata....................  Diamond Sparrow.
    Emblema picta......................  Painted finch.
    Lonchura castaneothorax............  Chestnut-breasted finch.
    Lonchura domestica.................  Society (=Bengalese) finch.
    Lonchura pectoralis................  Pictorella finch.
    Neochmia ruficauda.................  Star finch.
    Poephila acuticauda................  Long-tailed grassfinch.
    Poephila bichenovii................  Double-barred finch.
    Poephila cincta....................  Parson finch.

[[Page 100]]

 
    Poephila guttata...................  Zebra finch.
    Poephila personata.................  Masked finch.
    Serinus canaria....................  Common Canary.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Note: Permits are still required for this species under part 17 of
  this chapter.

    (b) Non-captive-bred species. The list in this paragraph includes 
species of non-captive-bred exotic birds and countries for which 
importation into the United States is not prohibited by section 15.11. 
The species are grouped taxonomically by order, and may only be imported 
from the approved country, except as provided under a permit issued 
pursuant to subpart C of this part.

[59 FR 62262, Dec. 2, 1994, as amended at 61 FR 2093, Jan. 24, 1996; 82 
FR 16540, Apr. 5, 2017]



   Subpart E_Qualifying Facilities Breeding Exotic Birds in Captivity



Sec.  15.41  Criteria for including facilities as qualifying for imports.
[Reserved]



Sec.  15.42  List of foreign qualifying breeding facilities. [Reserved]



Subpart F_List of Prohibited Species Not Listed in the Appendices to the 
                               Convention



Sec.  15.51  Criteria for including species and countries in the prohibited 
list. [Reserved]



Sec.  15.52  Species included in the prohibited list. [Reserved]



Sec.  15.53  Countries of export included in the prohibited list. [Reserved]



PART 16_INJURIOUS WILDLIFE--Table of Contents



                         Subpart A_Introduction

Sec.
16.1 Purpose of regulations.
16.2 Scope of regulations.
16.3 General restrictions.

         Subpart B_Importation or Shipment of Injurious Wildlife

16.11 Importation of live wild mammals.
16.12 Importation of live wild birds or their eggs.
16.13 Importation of live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or 
          their eggs.
16.14 Importation of live or dead amphibians or their eggs.
16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their eggs.

                            Subpart C_Permits

16.22 Injurious wildlife permits.

                     Subpart D_Additional Exemptions

16.32 Importation by Federal agencies.
16.33 Importation of natural-history specimens.

    Authority: 18 U.S.C. 42.

    Source: 39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A_Introduction



Sec.  16.1  Purpose of regulations.

    The regulations contained in this part implement the Lacey Act (18 
U.S.C. 42).



Sec.  16.2  Scope of regulations.

    The provisions of this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu 
of, other regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or 
prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, 
exportation, and interstate transportation of wildlife (see also part 
13).



Sec.  16.3  General restrictions.

    Any importation or transportation of live wildlife or eggs thereof, 
or dead fish or eggs or salmonids of the fish family Salmonidae into the 
United States or its territories or possessions is deemed to be 
injurious or potentially injurious to the health and welfare of human 
beings, to the interest of forestry, agriculture, and horticulture, and 
to the welfare and survival of the wildlife or wildlife resources of the 
United States; and any such importation into or the transportation of 
live wildlife or eggs thereof between the continental United States, the 
District

[[Page 101]]

of Columbia, Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory 
or possession of the United States by any means whatsoever, is 
prohibited except for certain purposes and under certain conditions as 
hereinafter provided in this part: Provided, That the provisions of this 
section shall not apply to psittacine birds (see also Sec. Sec.  16.32 
and 16.33 for other exemptions).



         Subpart B_Importation or Shipment of Injurious Wildlife



Sec.  16.11  Importation of live wild mammals.

    (a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition is prohibited of 
live specimens of: (1) Any species of so-called ``flying fox'' or fruit 
bat of the genus Pteropus; (2) any species of mongoose or meerkat of the 
genera Atilax, Cynictis, Helogale, Herpestes, Ichneumia, Mungos, and 
Suricata; (3) any species of European rabbit of the genus Oryctolagus; 
(4) any species of Indian wild dog, red dog, or dhole of the genus Cuon; 
(5) any species of multimammate rat or mouse of the genus Mastomys; (6) 
any raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides; and (7) any brushtail possum, 
Trichosurus vulpecula: Provided, that the Director shall issue permits 
authorizing the importation, transportation, and possession of such 
mammals under the terms and conditions set forth in Sec.  16.22.
    (b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61, 
all other species of live wild mammals may be imported, transported, and 
possessed in captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, 
educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but no such live wild 
mammals or any progeny thereof may be released into the wild except by 
the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area 
of release or by persons having prior written permission for release 
from such agency: Provided, That the provisions of this paragraph shall 
not apply to live game mammals from Mexico, the importation of which is 
governed by regulations under part 14 of this chapter.

[39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 47 FR 56362, Dec. 16, 1982; 67 
FR 39868, June 11, 2002]



Sec.  16.12  Importation of live wild birds or their eggs.

    (a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition is prohibited of 
any live specimen or egg of (1) the species of so-called ``pink 
starling'' or ``rosy pastor'' Sturnus roseus; (2) the species of dioch 
(including the subspecies black-fronted, red-billed, or Sudan dioch) 
Quelea quelea; (3) any species of Java sparrow, Padda oryzivora; (4) the 
species of red-whiskered bul-bul, Pycnonotus jocosus: Provided, That the 
Director shall issue permits authorizing the importation, 
transportation, and possession of such live birds under the terms and 
conditions set forth in Sec.  16.22.
    (b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61, 
all species of live wild game, birds may be imported, transported, and 
possessed in captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, 
educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, and the eggs of such 
birds may be imported, transported, and possessed, without a permit, for 
propagating or scientific collection purposes, but no such live wild 
game birds or any progeny thereof may be released into the wild except 
by the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the 
area of release or by persons having prior written permission for 
release from such agency.
    (c) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61, 
all species of live, wild nongame birds (other than those listed in 
paragraph (a) of this section) may be imported, transported, and 
possessed in captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, 
educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but no such live, wild 
nongame birds or any progeny thereof may be released into the wild 
except by or under the direction of State wildlife conservation agencies 
when such agencies have received prior written permission from the 
Director for such release: Provided,

[[Page 102]]

That the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to live bald and 
golden eagles or to live migratory birds, the importation of which is 
governed by regulations under parts 22 and 21 of this chapter, 
respectively, or to birds of the Family Psittacidae (parrots, macaws, 
cockatoos, parakeets, lories, lovebirds, etc.), the importation and 
transportation of which is governed by U.S. Public Health Service 
regulations under 42 CFR parts 71 and 72.
    (d) The importation of the eggs of wild nongame birds is prohibited 
except as permitted under Sec.  16.33.



Sec.  16.13  Importation of live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans,
or their eggs.

    (a) Upon an exporter filing a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61 
of this chapter, live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or parts 
thereof, or their gametes or fertilized eggs, may be imported, 
transported, and possessed in captivity without a permit except as 
follows:
    (1) No such live fish, mollusks, crustacean, or any progency or eggs 
thereof may be released into the wild except by the State wildlife 
conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area of release or by 
persons having prior written permission from such agency.
    (2) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any of the 
species listed in this paragraph is prohibited except as provided under 
the terms and conditions set forth in Sec.  16.22:
    (i) Live fish or viable eggs of walking catfish, family Clariidae.
    (ii) Live mitten crabs, genus Eriocheir, or their viable eggs.
    (iii) Live mollusks, veligers, or viable eggs of zebra mussels, 
genus Dreissena.
    (iv) Any live fish or viable eggs of snakehead fishes of the genera 
Channa and Parachanna (or their generic synonyms of Bostrychoides, 
Ophicephalus, Ophiocephalus, and Parophiocephalus) of the Family 
Channidae, including but not limited to:
    (A) Channa amphibeus (Chel or Borna snakehead).
    (B) Channa argus (Northern or Amur snakehead).
    (C) Channa asiatica (Chinese or Northern Green snakehead).
    (D) Channa aurantimaculata.
    (E) Channa bankanensis (Bangka snakehead).
    (F) Channa baramensis (Baram snakehead).
    (G) Channa barca (barca or tiger snakehead).
    (H) Channa bleheri (rainbow or jewel snakehead).
    (I) Channa cyanospilos (bluespotted snakehead).
    (J) Channa gachua (dwarf, gaucha, or frog snakehead).
    (K) Channa harcourtbutleri (Inle snakehead).
    (L) Channa lucius (shiny or splendid snakehead).
    (M) Channa maculata (blotched snakehead).
    (N) Channa marulius (bullseye, murrel, Indian, great, or cobra 
snakehead).
    (O) Channa maruloides (emperor snakehead).
    (P) Channa melanoptera.
    (Q) Channa melasoma (black snakehead).
    (R) Channa micropeltes (giant, red, or redline snakehead).
    (S) Channa nox.
    (T) Channa orientalis (Ceylon or Ceylonese Green snakehead).
    (U) Channa panaw.
    (V) Channa pleurophthalmus (ocellated, spotted, or eyespot 
snakehead).
    (W) Channa punctata (dotted or spotted snakehead).
    (X) Channa stewartii (golden snakehead).
    (Y) Channa striata (chevron or striped snakehead).
    (Z) Parachanna africana (Niger or African snakehead).
    (AA) Parachanna insignis (Congo, square-spotted African or light 
African snakehead).
    (BB) Parachanna obscura (dark African, dusky, or square-spotted 
snakehead).
    (v) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of the following 
species in family Cyprinidae:
    (A) Carassius carassius (crucian carp).
    (B) Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp).
    (C) Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (largescale silver carp).

[[Page 103]]

    (D) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp).
    (E) Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp).
    (F) Mylopharyngodon piceus (black carp).
    (G) Phoxinus phoxinus (Eurasian minnow).
    (H) Pseudorasbora parva (stone moroko).
    (I) Rutilus rutilus (roach).
    (vi) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Lates 
niloticus (Nile perch), family Centropomidae.
    (vii) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Perccottus 
glenii (Amur sleeper), family Odontobutidae.
    (viii) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of the 
following species in family Percidae:
    (A) Perca fluviatilis (European perch).
    (B) Sander lucioperca (zander).
    (ix) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Silurus 
glanis (wels catfish), family Siluridae.
    (x) Any live crustacean, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Cherax 
destructor (common yabby), family Parastacidae.
    (3) Notwithstanding Sec.  16.32, all Federal agencies shall be 
subject to the requirements stated within this section. Live or dead 
uneviscerated salmonid fish (family Salmonidae), live fertilized eggs, 
or gametes of salmonid fish are prohibited entry into the United States 
for any purpose except by direct shipment accompanied by a certification 
that: as defined in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the fish lots, 
from which the shipments originated, have been sampled; virus assays 
have been conducted on the samples according to methods described in 
paragraphs (e)(2) through (4); of this section; and Oncorhynchus masou 
virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious 
hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis have not been 
detected in the fish stocks from which the samples were taken. In 
addition, live salmonid fish can be imported into the United States only 
upon written approval from the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service.
    (4) All live fish eggs of salmonid fish must be disinfected within 
24 hours prior to shipment to the United States. Disinfection shall be 
accomplished by immersion for 15 minutes in a 75 part per million 
(titratable active iodine) non-detergent solution of 
polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (iodophor) buffered to a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. 
Following disinfection, the eggs shall be rinsed and maintained in water 
free of fish pathogens until packed and shipped. Any ice or water used 
for shipping shall be from pathogen-free water.
    (b)(1) The certification to accompany importations as required by 
this section shall consist of a statement in the English language, 
printed or typewritten, stating that this shipment of dead uneviscerated 
salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, or live, disinfected fertilized eggs 
or gametes of salmonid fish has been tested, by the methods outlined in 
this section, and none of the listed viruses were detected. The 
certification shall be signed in the country of origin by a qualified 
fish pathologist designated as a certifying official by the Director.
    (2) The certification must contain:
    (i) The date and port of export in the country of origin and the 
anticipated date of arrival in the United States and port of entry;
    (ii) Surface vessel name or number or air carrier and flight number;
    (iii) Bill of lading number or airway bill number;
    (iv) The date and location where fish, tissue, or fluid samples were 
collected;
    (v) The date and location where virus assays were completed; and
    (vi) The original handwritten signature, in ink, of the certifying 
official and his or her address and telephone number.
    (3) Certification may be substantially in the following form:

    I, ____, designated by the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service on ____ (date), as a certifying official for ____ (country), as 
required by Title 50, CFR 16.13, do hereby certify that the fish lot(s) 
of origin for this shipment of ____ (weight in kilograms) dead 
uneviscerated salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, live salmonid fish eggs 
disinfected as described in Sec.  16.13, or live salmonid gametes to be 
shipped under ____ (bill of lading number or airway bill number), were 
sampled at ____ (location of fish facility) on ____ (sampling date) and 
the required viral assays were completed on ____ (date assays were 
completed) at ____ (location where assays were conducted) using the 
methodology described in Sec.  16.13. I further certify that

[[Page 104]]

Oncorhynchus masou virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic 
septicemia, infectious hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic 
necrosis have not been detected in viral assays of the fish lot(s) of 
origin.
    The shipment is scheduled to depart ____ (city and country) on ____ 
(date), via ____ (name of carrier) with anticipated arrival at the port 
of ____ (city), U.S.A., on ____ (date).

________________________________________________________________________
(Signature in ink of certifying official)

________________________________________________________________________
(Printed name of certifying official)
Date:___________________________________________________________________
Organization employing certifying official:_____________________________
Mailing address:________________________________________________________
City:___________________________________________________________________
State/Province:_________________________________________________________
Zip Code/Mail Code:_____________________________________________________
Country:________________________________________________________________
Office telephone number: International code_____________________________
Telephone number________________________________________________________
Fax number______________________________________________________________

    (c) Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and 
transportation of dead salmonid fish when such fish have been 
eviscerated (all internal organs removed, gills may remain) or filleted 
or when such fish or eggs have been processed by canning, pickling, 
smoking, or otherwise prepared in a manner whereby the Oncorhynchus 
masou virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia, 
infectious hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis 
have been killed.
    (d) Any fish caught in the wild in North America under a valid sport 
or commercial fishing license shall be exempt from sampling and 
certification requirements and from filing the Declaration for 
Importation of Wildlife. The Director may enter into formal agreements 
allowing the importation of gametes, fertilized eggs, live fish, or 
dead, uneviscerated fish without inspection and certification of 
pathogen status, if the exporting Nation has an acceptable program of 
inspection and pathogen control in operation, can document the 
occurrence and distribution of fish pathogens within its boundaries, and 
can demonstrate that importation of salmonid fishes into the United 
States from that National will not pose a substantial risk to the public 
and private fish stocks of the United States.
    (e) Fish sampling requirements, sample processing, and methods for 
virus assays--(1) Fish sampling requirements. (i) Sampling for virus 
assays required by this section must be conducted within the six (6) 
months prior to the date of shipment of dead uneviscerated salmonid 
fish, live salmonid fish, live salmonid eggs, or salmonid gametes to the 
United States. Sampling shall be on a lot-by-lot basis with the samples 
from each lot distinctively marked, maintained, and processed for virus 
assay separately. A fish lot is defined as a group of fish of the same 
species and age that originated from the same discrete spawning 
population and that always have shared a common water supply. In the 
case of adult broodstock, various age groups of the same fish species 
may be sampled as a single lot, provided they meet the other conditions 
previously stated and have shared the same container(s) for at least 1 
year prior to the sampling date.
    (ii) In a sample, or sub-sample of a given lot, collection of 10 or 
more moribund fish shall be given first preference. The remainder of 
fish required for collection shall be randomly selected live fish from 
all containers occupied by the lot being sampled. Moribund fish shall be 
collected and processed separately from randomly selected fish. In the 
event the sample is taken from adult broodstock of different ages that 
share the same container, first preference shall be given to collecting 
samples from the older fish.
    (iii) The minimum sample numbers collected from each lot must be in 
accordance with a plan that provides 95 percent confidence that at least 
one fish, with a detectable level of infection, will be collected and 
will be present in the sample if the assumed minimum prevalence of 
infection equals or exceeds 2 percent. A total of 150 fish collected 
proportionately from among all containers shared by the lot usually 
meets this requirement. A sampling strategy based on a presumed pathogen 
prevalence of 5 percent (60 fish) may be used to meet sampling 
requirements for shipments of gametes, fertilized eggs, or uneviscerated 
dead fish; provided that in the previous 2 years no disease outbreaks 
caused by a pathogen of concern have occurred at the facility from which 
the shipment originated and all stocks held at the facility have been 
inspected at least four

[[Page 105]]

times during that period (at intervals of approximately 6 months) and no 
pathogens of concern detected.
    (iv) Fish must be alive when collected and processed within 48 hours 
after collection. Tissue and fluid samples shall be stored in sealed, 
aseptic containers and kept at 4 [deg]Celsius (C.) or on ice but not 
frozen.
    (v) Tissue collection shall be as follows:
    (A) Sac Fry and fry to 4 centimeter (cm): Assay entire fish. If 
present, remove the yolk sac.
    (B) Fish 4-6 cm: Assay entire visceral mass including kidney.
    (C) Fish longer than 6 cm: Assay kidney and spleen in approximately 
equal weight proportions.
    (D) Spawning adult broodstock: Assay kidney and spleen tissues from 
males and/or females and ovarian fluid from females. Ovarian fluid may 
comprise up to 50 percent of the samples collected.
    (2) General sample processing requirements. (i) Ovarian fluid 
samples shall be collected from each spawning female separately. All 
samples from individual fish shall be measured to ensure that similar 
quantities from each fish are combined if samples are pooled. Ovarian 
fluid samples from no more than five fish may be combined to form a 
pool.
    (ii) Whole fry (less yolk sacs), viscera, and kidney and spleen 
tissues from no more than five fish may be similarly pooled.
    (iii) Antibiotics and antifungal agents may be added to ovarian 
fluid or tissue samples to control microbial contaminant growth at the 
time of sample collection. Final concentrations shall not exceed 200-500 
micrograms/milliliter ([micro]g/ml) of Gentamycin, 800 international 
units/milliliter (IU/ml) of penicillin, or 800 [micro]g/ml of 
streptomycin. Antifungal agent concentrations should not exceed 200 IU/
ml of mycostatin (Nystatin) of 20 [micro]g/ml of amphotericin B 
(Fungizone).
    (iv) Sample temperature must be maintained between 4 at 15 [deg]C. 
during processing. Use separate sets of sterile homogenization and 
processing equipment to process fluids or tissues from each fish lot 
sampled. Processing equipment need not be sterilized between samples 
within a single lot.
    (v) Homogenized tissue samples may be diluted 1:10 with buffered 
cell culture medium (pH 7.4-7.8) containing antibiotics and antifungal 
agents not exceeding the concentrations described in paragraph 
(e)(2)(iii) of this section. Centrifuge tissue suspensions and ovarian 
fluid samples 4 [deg]C. at 2,500 x gravity (g) (relative centrifugal 
force) for 15 minutes. Resulting supernatant solutions can be stored 
overnight at 4 [deg]C.
    (vi) At the time of inoculation onto cell cultures, total dilution 
of processed tissue samples must not exceed 1:100 ((volume to volume) 
(v/v)); total dilution of ovarian fluid samples must not exceed 1:20 (v/
v). In samples inoculated onto cell cultures, the final antibiotic 
concentration shall not exceed 100 [micro]g/ml of Gentamicin, 100 IU/ml 
of penicillin, or 100 [micro]g/ml of streptomycin and antifungal agent 
concentrations should not exceed 25 IU/ml of mycostatin (Nystatin) or 
2.5 [micro]g/ml of amphotericin B (Fungizone).
    (3) Cell culture procedures. (i) Both epithelioma papulosum cyprini 
(EPC) and chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cell lines must be maintained 
and used in all virus assays. Susceptible, normal appearing, and rapidly 
dividing cell cultures shall be selected. Penicillin (100 IU/ml), 
streptomycin (100 [micro]g/ml), and antifungal agents, such as 
mycostatin/Nystatin (25 IU/ml) or amphotericin B/Fungizone (2.5 
[micro]g/ml), are permitted in media used for cell culture and virus 
assay work.
    (ii) Cell cultures shall be seeded and grown, at optimum 
temperatures, to 80-90 percent confluence in 24-well plates for virus 
assay work.
    (iii) Decant the medium from the required number of 24-well plates 
of each cell line, and inoculate four replicate wells per cell line with 
.10 ml per well of each processed sample. When all wells have been 
inoculated, tilt plates to spread the inocula evenly. Incubate 
inoculated plates for 1 hour at 15 [deg]C. for sample contact. After the 
1 hour contact add cell culture medium. Medium shall be buffered or 
cells incubated so that a pH between 7.4 and 7.8 is maintained. All cell 
culture assays shall be incubated, without overlays, at 15 [deg]C. for 
21 days.

[[Page 106]]

    (4) Virus identification by serological methods. All cell cultures 
showing cytopathic effects (CPE) must be sub-cultured onto fresh cell 
cultures. If CPE is observed, determine the presence and identity the 
virus by serum neutralization, dot blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent 
assay, or other equivalent serological technique.
    (f) Information concerning the importation requirements of this 
section and application requirements for designation as a certifying 
official for purposes of this section may be obtained by contacting the 
Division of Fish and Aquatic Conservation Programs at the address 
provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b) or by telephone at 703-358-1878.
    (g) The information collection requirements contained in this part 
have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under 44 
U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned clearance number 1018-0078. The 
information is being collected to inform U.S. Customs and USFWS 
inspectors of the contents, origin, routing, and destination of fish and 
eggs shipments and to certify that the fish lots were inspected for 
listed pathogens. The information will be used to protect the health of 
the fishery resource. Response is required to obtain a benefit.

[58 FR 58979, Nov. 5, 1993, as amended at 65 FR 37063, June 13, 2000; 67 
FR 62203, Oct. 4, 2002; 72 FR 37469, July 10, 2007; 72 FR 59035, Oct. 
18, 2007; 76 FR 15858, Mar. 22, 2011; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014; 81 FR 
67899, Sept. 30, 2016]



Sec.  16.14  Importation of live or dead amphibians or their eggs.

    (a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any live or 
dead specimen, including parts, but not eggs or gametes, of the genera 
Chioglossa, Cynops, Euproctus, Hydromantes, Hynobius, Ichthyosaura, 
Lissotriton, Neurergus, Notophthalmus, Onychodactylus, Paramesotriton, 
Plethodon, Pleurodeles, Salamandra, Salamandrella, Salamandrina, Siren, 
Taricha, Triturus, and Tylototriton, including but not limited to, the 
species listed in this paragraph, is prohibited except as provided under 
the terms and conditions set forth at Sec.  16.22 of this part:
    (1) Chioglossa lusitanica (golden striped salamander).
    (2) Cynops chenggongensis (Chenggong fire-bellied newt).
    (3) Cynops cyanurus (blue-tailed fire-bellied newt).
    (4) Cynops ensicauda (sword-tailed newt).
    (5) Cynops fudingensis (Fuding fire-bellied newt).
    (6) Cynops glaucus (bluish grey newt, Huilan Rongyuan).
    (7) Cynops orientalis (Oriental fire belly newt, Oriental fire-
bellied newt).
    (8) Cynops orphicus (no common name).
    (9) Cynops pyrrhogaster (Japanese newt, Japanese fire-bellied newt).
    (10) Cynops wolterstorffi (Kunming Lake newt).
    (11) Euproctus montanus (Corsican brook salamander).
    (12) Euproctus platycephalus (Sardinian brook salamander).
    (13) Hydromantes ambrosii (Ambrosi salamander).
    (14) Hydromantes brunus (limestone salamander).
    (15) Hydromantes flavus (Mount Albo cave salamander).
    (16) Hydromantes genei (Sardinian cave salamander).
    (17) Hydromantes imperialis (imperial cave salamander).
    (18) Hydromantes italicus (Italian cave salamander).
    (19) Hydromantes platycephalus (Mount Lyell salamander).
    (20) Hydromantes sarrabusensis (no common name).
    (21) Hydromantes shastae (Shasta salamander).
    (22) Hydromantes strinatii or Speleomantes strinatii (French cave 
salamander, Strinati's cave salamander).
    (23) Hydromantes supramontis (Supramonte cave salamander).
    (24) Hynobius abei (Abe's salamander).
    (25) Hynobius amakusaensis (Amakusa-sanshouo).
    (26) Hynobius amjiensis (Anji salamander).
    (27) Hynobius arisanensis (Arisan hynobid).
    (28) Hynobius boulengeri (Odaigahara salamander).
    (29) Hynobius chinensis (Chinese salamander).
    (30) Hynobius dunni (Oita salamander).

[[Page 107]]

    (31) Hynobius formosanus (Taiwan salamander).
    (32) Hynobius fucus or Hynobius fuca (Taiwan lesser salamander).
    (33) Hynobius glacialis (Nanhu salamander).
    (34) Hynobius guabangshanensis (no common name).
    (35) Hynobius hidamontanus (Hakuba salamander).
    (36) Hynobius hirosei (no common name).
    (37) Hynobius katoi (Akaishi sansho-uo).
    (38) Hynobius kimurae (Hida salamander).
    (39) Hynobius leechii (northeastern China hynobiid salamander).
    (40) Hynobius lichenatus (northeast salamander).
    (41) Hynobius maoershanensis (no common name).
    (42) Hynobius naevius (blotched salamander).
    (43) Hynobius nebulosus (misty salamander).
    (44) Hynobius nigrescens (black salamander).
    (45) Hynobius okiensis (Oki salamander).
    (46) Hynobius osumiensis (Osumi-sanshouo).
    (47) Hynobius quelpaertensis (no common name).
    (48) Hynobius retardatus (Hokkaido salamander).
    (49) Hynobius shinichisatoi (Sobo-sanshouo).
    (50) Hynobius sonani (Sonan's hynobiid).
    (51) Hynobius stejnegeri (Bekko Sansho-uo).
    (52) Hynobius takedai (Hokuriku Sansho-uo).
    (53) Hynobius tokyoensis (Tokyo salamander).
    (54) Hynobius tsuensis (Tsushima Sansho-uo).
    (55) Hynobius turkestanicus (Turkestanian salamander).
    (56) Hynobius yangi (no common name).
    (57) Hynobius yatsui (no common name).
    (58) Hynobius yiwuensis (Yiwu hynobiid).
    (59) Ichthyosaura alpestris (alpine newt).
    (60) Lissotriton boscai (Bosca's newt).
    (61) Lissotriton helveticus (palmate newt).
    (62) Lissotriton italicus (Italian newt).
    (63) Lissotriton kosswigi (Triton pontue de Kosswig).
    (64) Lissotriton lantzi (no common name).
    (65) Lissotriton montandoni (Carpathian newt).
    (66) Lissotriton vulgaris (smooth newt).
    (67) Neurergus crocatus (no common name).
    (68) Neurergus derjugini or Neurergus microspilotus (Kurdistan 
newt).
    (69) Neurergus kaiseri (Lorestan newt, Luristan newt, emperor 
spotted newt, Zagros newt, Iranian harlequin newt, kaiser newt).
    (70) Neurergus strauchii (no common name).
    (71) Notophthalmus meridionalis (black-spotted newt).
    (72) Notophthalmus perstriatus (striped newt).
    (73) Notophthalmus viridescens (eastern newt).
    (74) Onychodactylus fischeri (long-tailed clawed salamander).
    (75) Onychodactylus fuscus (Tadami clawed salamander).
    (76) Onychodactylus intermedius (Bandai clawed salamander).
    (77) Onychodactylus japonicus (Japanese clawed salamander).
    (78) Onychodactylus kinneburi (Shikoku clawed salamander).
    (79) Onychodactylus koreanus (Korai-Sansyouo).
    (80) Onychodactylus nipponoborealis (Riben Bei Zhaoni).
    (81) Onychodactylus tsukubaensis (Tsukuba clawed salamander).
    (82) Onychodactylus zhangyapingi (Jilin Zhaoni).
    (83) Onychodactylus zhaoermii (Liaoning).
    (84) Paramesotriton caudopunctatus (spot-tailed warty newt).
    (85) Paramesotriton chinensis (Chinese warty newt).
    (86) Paramesotriton deloustali (no common name).
    (87) Paramesotriton fuzhongensis (no common name).
    (88) Paramesotriton guanxiensis (Guangxi warty newt).
    (89) Paramesotriton hongkongensis (no common name).

[[Page 108]]

    (90) Paramesotriton labiatus (spotless stout newt).
    (91) Paramesotriton longliensis (no common name).
    (92) Paramesotriton maolanensis (no common name).
    (93) Paramesotriton qixilingensis (no common name).
    (94) Paramesotriton wulingensis (no common name).
    (95) Paramesotriton yunwuensis (no common name).
    (96) Paramesotriton zhijinensis (no common name).
    (97) Plethodon ainsworthi (Catahoula salamander, bay springs 
salamander).
    (98) Plethodon albagula (western slimy salamander).
    (99) Plethodon amplus (Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander).
    (100) Plethodon angusticlavius (Ozark salamander, Ozark zigzag 
salamander).
    (101) Plethodon asupak (Scott Bar salamander).
    (102) Plethodon aureolus (Tellico salamander).
    (103) Plethodon caddoensis (Caddo Mountain salamander).
    (104) Plethodon chattahoochee (Chattahoochee slimy salamander).
    (105) Plethodon cheoah (Cheoah bald salamander).
    (106) Plethodon chlorobryonis (Atlantic Coast slimy salamander).
    (107) Plethodon cinereus (eastern red-backed salamander, redback 
salamander, salamandre ray[eacute]e, red-backed salamander).
    (108) Plethodon cylindraceus (white-spotted slimy salamander).
    (109) Plethodon dorsalis (zigzag salamander, northern zigzag 
salamander).
    (110) Plethodon dunni (Dunn's salamander).
    (111) Plethodon electromorphus (northern ravine salamander).
    (112) Plethodon elongatus (Del Norte salamander).
    (113) Plethodon fourchensis (Fourche Mountain salamander).
    (114) Plethodon glutinosus (slimy salamander, northern slimy 
salamander).
    (115) Plethodon grobmani (southeastern slimy salamander).
    (116) Plethodon hoffmani (valley and ridge salamander).
    (117) Plethodon hubrichti (Peaks of Otter salamander).
    (118) Plethodon idahoensis (Coeur d'Alene salamander).
    (119) Plethodon jordani (Appalachian salamander, red-cheeked 
salamander, Jordan's salamander).
    (120) Plethodon kentucki (Kentucky salamander, Cumberland Plateau 
salamander).
    (121) Plethodon kiamichi (Kiamichi slimy salamander).
    (122) Plethodon kisatchie (Louisiana slimy salamander).
    (123) Plethodon larselli (Larch Mountain salamander).
    (124) Plethodon meridianus (South Mountain gray-cheeked salamander, 
southern gray-cheeked salamander).
    (125) Plethodon metcalfi (southern gray-cheeked salamander).
    (126) Plethodon mississippi (Mississippi slimy salamander).
    (127) Plethodon montanus (northern gray-cheeked salamander).
    (128) Plethodon neomexicanus (Jemez Mountains salamander).
    (129) Plethodon nettingi (Cheat Mountain salamander).
    (130) Plethodon ocmulgee (Ocmulgee slimy salamander).
    (131) Plethodon ouachitae (Rich Mountain salamander).
    (132) Plethodon petraeus (Pigeon Mountain salamander).
    (133) Plethodon punctatus (white-spotted salamander, cow knob 
salamander).
    (134) Plethodon richmondi (southern ravine salamander, ravine 
salamander).
    (135) Plethodon savannah (Savannah slimy salamander).
    (136) Plethodon sequoyah (Sequoyah slimy salamander).
    (137) Plethodon serratus (southern red-backed salamander).
    (138) Plethodon shenandoah (Shenandoah salamander).
    (139) Plethodon sherando (Big Levels salamander).
    (140) Plethodon shermani (red-legged salamander).
    (141) Plethodon stormi (Siskiyou Mountains salamander).
    (142) Plethodon teyahalee (Southern Appalachian salamander).
    (143) Plethodon vandykei (Van Dyke's salamander).
    (144) Plethodon variolatus (South Carolina slimy salamander).
    (145) Plethodon vehiculum (western red-backed salamander).

[[Page 109]]

    (146) Plethodon ventralis (southern zigzag salamander).
    (147) Plethodon virginia (Shenandoah Mountain salamander).
    (148) Plethodon websteri (Webster's salamander).
    (149) Plethodon wehrlei (Wehrle's salamander).
    (150) Plethodon welleri (Weller's salamander).
    (151) Plethodon yonahlossee (Yonahlossee salamander).
    (152) Pleurodeles nebulosus (no common name).
    (153) Pleurodeles poireti (Algerian newt).
    (154) Pleurodeles waltl (Spanish newt).
    (155) Salamandra algira (Algerian salamander).
    (156) Salamandra atra (alpine salamander).
    (157) Salamandra corsica (Corsican fire salamander).
    (158) Salamandra infraimmaculata (no common name).
    (159) Salamandra lanzai (Lanza's alpine salamander, Salamandra di 
Lanza).
    (160) Salamandra salamandra (fire salamander).
    (161) Salamandrella keyserlingii (Siberian newt).
    (162) Salamandrella tridactyla (no common name).
    (163) Salamandrina perspicillata (northern spectacled salamander).
    (164) Salamandrina terdigitata (southern spectacled salamander).
    (165) Siren intermedia (lesser siren).
    (166) Siren lacertina (greater siren).
    (167) Taricha granulosa (rough-skinned newt).
    (168) Taricha rivularis (red-bellied newt).
    (169) Taricha sierrae (Sierra newt).
    (170) Taricha torosa (California newt).
    (171) Triturus carnifex (Italian crested newt).
    (172) Triturus cristatus (great crested newt).
    (173) Triturus dobrogicus (Danube crested newt).
    (174) Triturus hongkongensis (no common name)
    (175) Triturus ivanbureschi (Balkan-Anatolian crested newt, 
Buresch's crested newt).
    (176) Triturus karelinii (Southern crested newt).
    (177) Triturus macedonicus (no common name).
    (178) Triturus marmoratus (marbled newt).
    (179) Triturus pygmaeus (pygmy marbled newt).
    (180) Triturus vittatus (no common name).
    (181) Tylototriton anguliceps (angular-headed newt).
    (182) Tylototriton asperrimus (black knobby newt).
    (183) Tylototriton broadoridgus (no common name).
    (184) Tylototriton dabienicus (no common name).
    (185) Tylototriton daweishanensis (no common name).
    (186) Tylototriton hainanensis (Hainan knobby newt).
    (187) Tylototriton kweichowensis (red-tailed knobby newt).
    (188) Tylototriton liuyangensis (no common name).
    (189) Tylototriton lizhenchangi (Mangshan crocodile newt).
    (190) Tylototriton notialis (no common name).
    (191) Tylototriton panhai (no common name).
    (192) Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus (southern Sichuan crocodile 
newt).
    (193) Tylototriton shanjing (Yunnan newt).
    (194) Tylototriton shanorum (no common name).
    (195) Tylototriton taliangensis (Thailand newt).
    (196) Tylototriton uyenoi (no common name).
    (197) Tylototriton verrucosus (Himalayan newt).
    (198) Tylototriton vietnamensis (no common name).
    (199) Tylototriton wenxianensis (Wenxian knobby newt).
    (200) Tylototriton yangi (Tiannan crocodile newt).
    (201) Tylototriton ziegleri (Ziegler's crocodile newt).
    (b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61 
of this chapter, all other species of amphibians may be imported, 
transported, and possessed in captivity, without a permit, for 
scientific, medical, education, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but 
no such

[[Page 110]]

amphibians or any progeny or eggs thereof may be released into the wild 
except by the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction 
over the area of release or by persons having prior written permission 
for release from such agency.

[81 FR 1554, Jan. 13, 2016]



Sec.  16.15  Importation of live reptiles or their eggs.

    (a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any live 
specimen, gamete, viable egg, or hybrid of the species listed in this 
paragraph is prohibited except as provided under the terms and 
conditions set forth at Sec.  16.22:
    (1) Boiga irregularis (brown tree snake).
    (2) Python molurus (including P. molurus molurus (Indian python) and 
P. molurus bivittatus (Burmese python)).
    (3) Python reticulatus, Broghammerus reticulatus, or Malayopython 
reticulatus (reticulated python).
    (4) Python sebae (Northern African python or African rock python).
    (5) Python natalensis (Southern African python or African rock 
python).
    (6) Eunectes notaeus (yellow anaconda).
    (7) Eunectes deschauenseei (DeSchauensee's anaconda).
    (8) Eunectes murinus (green anaconda).
    (9) Eunectes beniensis (Beni anaconda).
    (b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District 
Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under Sec.  14.61, 
all other species of live reptiles or their eggs may be imported, 
transported, and possessed in captivity, without a permit, for 
scientific, medical, educational, exhibitional or propagating purposes, 
but no such live reptiles or any progency or eggs thereof may be 
released into the wild except by the State wildlife conservation agency 
having jurisdiction over the area of release or by persons having prior 
written permission for release from such agency.

[55 FR 17441, Apr. 25, 1990, as amended at 77 FR 3366, Jan. 23, 2012; 80 
FR 12745, Mar. 10, 2015]



                            Subpart C_Permits



Sec.  16.22  Injurious wildlife permits.

    The Director may, upon receipt of an application and in accordance 
with the issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing 
the importation into or shipment between the continental United States, 
the District of Columbia, Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or 
any possession of the United States of injurious wildlife (See subpart B 
of this part) for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific 
purposes.
    (a) Application requirements. Submit applications for permits to 
import, transport, or acquire injurious wildlife for such purposes to 
the attention of the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, at the 
address listed for the Division of Management Authority at 50 CFR 
2.1(b). Submit applications in writing on a Federal Fish and Wildlife 
License/Permit application (Form 3-200) and attach all of the following 
information:
    (1) The number of specimens and the common and scientific names 
(genus and species) of each species of live wildlife proposed to be 
imported or otherwise acquired, transported and possessed;
    (2) The purpose of such importation or other acquisition, 
transportation and possession;
    (3) The address of the premises where such live wildlife will be 
kept in captivity;
    (4) A statement of the applicant's qualifications and previous 
experience in caring for and handling captive wildlife.
    (b) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general 
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to import 
or ship injurious wildlife for zoological, educational, medical, or 
scientific purposes shall be subject to the following conditions:
    (1) All live wildlife acquired under permit and all progeny thereof, 
must be confined in the approved facilities on the premises authorized 
in the permit.
    (2) No live wildlife, acquired under permit, or any eggs or progeny 
thereof, may be sold, donated, traded, loaned,

[[Page 111]]

or transferred to any other person unless such person has a permit 
issued by the Director under Sec.  16.22 authorizing him to acquire and 
possess such wildlife or the eggs or progeny thereof.
    (3) Permittees shall notify the nearest Special Agent-in-Charge (see 
Sec.  10.22 of this chapter) by telephone or other expedient means 
within 24 hours following the escape of any wildlife imported or 
transported under authority of a permit issued under this section, or 
the escape of any progeny of such wildlife, unless otherwise 
specifically exempted by terms of the permit.
    (c) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in 
determining whether to issue a permit to import or ship injurious 
wildlife for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes:
    (1) Whether the wildlife is being imported or otherwise acquired for 
a bona fide scientific, medical, educational, or zoological exhibition 
purpose;
    (2) Whether the facilities for holding the wildlife in captivity 
have been inspected and approved, and consist of a basic cage or 
structure of a design and material adequate to prevent escape which is 
maintained inside a building or other facility of such structure that 
the wildlife could not escape from the building or other facility after 
escaping from the cage or structure maintained therein;
    (3) Whether the applicant is a responsible person who is aware of 
the potential dangers to public interests posed by such wildlife, and 
who by reason of his knowledge, experience, and facilities reasonably 
can be expected to provide adequate protection for such public 
interests; and
    (4) If such wildlife is to be imported or otherwise acquired for 
zoological or aquarium exhibition purposes, whether such exhibition or 
display will be open to the public during regular appropriate hours.
    (d) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information 
collection requirements contained in this part 16 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 
and assigned OMB Control Number 1018-0093. The Service may not conduct 
or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of 
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We 
are collecting this information to provide information necessary to 
evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review 
permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria 
established in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and 
regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of 
permits. You must respond to obtain or retain a permit. We estimate the 
public reporting burden for these reporting requirements to average 2 
hours per response, including time for reviewing instructions, gathering 
and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the forms. Direct 
comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of these 
reporting requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance 
Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).

[39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 47 FR 30786, July 15, 1982; 63 
FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]



                     Subpart D_Additional Exemptions



Sec.  16.32  Importation by Federal agencies.

    Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and 
transportation, without a permit, of any live wildlife by Federal 
agencies solely for their own use, upon the filing of a written 
declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry 
as required under Sec.  14.61: Provided, That the provisions of this 
section shall not apply to bald and golden eagles or their eggs, or to 
migratory birds or their eggs, the importations of which are governed by 
regulations under parts 22 and 21 of this chapter, respectively.



Sec.  16.33  Importation of natural-history specimens.

    Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and 
transportation, without a permit, of dead natural-history specimens of 
wildlife or their eggs for museum or scientific collection purposes: 
Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to dead 
migratory birds, the importation of which is governed by regulations 
under parts 20 and 21 of this chapter; to dead game

[[Page 112]]

mammals from Mexico, the importation of which is governed by regulations 
under part 14 of this chapter; or to dead bald and golden eagles or 
their eggs, the importation of which is governed by regulations under 
part 22 of this chapter.

[[Page 113]]



                              FINDING AIDS




  --------------------------------------------------------------------

  A list of CFR titles, subtitles, chapters, subchapters and parts and 
an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are included in 
the CFR Index and Finding Aids volume to the Code of Federal Regulations 
which is published separately and revised annually.

  Table of CFR Titles and Chapters
  Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR
  List of CFR Sections Affected

[[Page 115]]



                    Table of CFR Titles and Chapters




                     (Revised as of October 1, 2022)

                      Title 1--General Provisions

         I  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register 
                (Parts 1--49)
        II  Office of the Federal Register (Parts 50--299)
       III  Administrative Conference of the United States (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  Miscellaneous Agencies (Parts 400--599)
        VI  National Capital Planning Commission (Parts 600--699)

                    Title 2--Grants and Agreements

            Subtitle A--Office of Management and Budget Guidance 
                for Grants and Agreements
         I  Office of Management and Budget Governmentwide 
                Guidance for Grants and Agreements (Parts 2--199)
        II  Office of Management and Budget Guidance (Parts 200--
                299)
            Subtitle B--Federal Agency Regulations for Grants and 
                Agreements
       III  Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 300--
                399)
        IV  Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
        VI  Department of State (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Agency for International Development (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
         X  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  Department of Defense (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
     XVIII  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1800--1899)
        XX  United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 
                2000--2099)
      XXII  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                2200--2299)
     XXIII  Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
      XXIV  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                2400--2499)
       XXV  National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
      XXVI  National Archives and Records Administration (Parts 
                2600--2699)

[[Page 116]]

     XXVII  Small Business Administration (Parts 2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)
      XXIX  Department of Labor (Parts 2900--2999)
       XXX  Department of Homeland Security (Parts 3000--3099)
      XXXI  Institute of Museum and Library Services (Parts 3100--
                3199)
     XXXII  National Endowment for the Arts (Parts 3200--3299)
    XXXIII  National Endowment for the Humanities (Parts 3300--
                3399)
     XXXIV  Department of Education (Parts 3400--3499)
      XXXV  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 3500--
                3599)
     XXXVI  Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive 
                Office of the President (Parts 3600--3699)
    XXXVII  Peace Corps (Parts 3700--3799)
     LVIII  Election Assistance Commission (Parts 5800--5899)
       LIX  Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council (Parts 5900--
                5999)

                        Title 3--The President

         I  Executive Office of the President (Parts 100--199)

                           Title 4--Accounts

         I  Government Accountability Office (Parts 1--199)

                   Title 5--Administrative Personnel

         I  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1--1199)
        II  Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  Office of Management and Budget (Parts 1300--1399)
        IV  Office of Personnel Management and Office of the 
                Director of National Intelligence (Parts 1400--
                1499)
         V  The International Organizations Employees Loyalty 
                Board (Parts 1500--1599)
        VI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      VIII  Office of Special Counsel (Parts 1800--1899)
        IX  Appalachian Regional Commission (Parts 1900--1999)
        XI  Armed Forces Retirement Home (Parts 2100--2199)
       XIV  Federal Labor Relations Authority, General Counsel of 
                the Federal Labor Relations Authority and Federal 
                Service Impasses Panel (Parts 2400--2499)
       XVI  Office of Government Ethics (Parts 2600--2699)
       XXI  Department of the Treasury (Parts 3100--3199)
      XXII  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 3200--
                3299)
     XXIII  Department of Energy (Parts 3300--3399)
      XXIV  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Parts 3400--
                3499)
       XXV  Department of the Interior (Parts 3500--3599)
      XXVI  Department of Defense (Parts 3600--3699)

[[Page 117]]

    XXVIII  Department of Justice (Parts 3800--3899)
      XXIX  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 3900--3999)
       XXX  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4099)
      XXXI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 4100--4199)
    XXXIII  U.S. International Development Finance Corporation 
                (Parts 4300--4399)
     XXXIV  Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 4400--4499)
      XXXV  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 4500--4599)
     XXXVI  Department of Homeland Security (Parts 4600--4699)
    XXXVII  Federal Election Commission (Parts 4700--4799)
        XL  Interstate Commerce Commission (Parts 5000--5099)
       XLI  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 5100--
                5199)
      XLII  Department of Labor (Parts 5200--5299)
     XLIII  National Science Foundation (Parts 5300--5399)
       XLV  Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 5500--
                5599)
      XLVI  Postal Rate Commission (Parts 5600--5699)
     XLVII  Federal Trade Commission (Parts 5700--5799)
    XLVIII  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 5800--5899)
      XLIX  Federal Labor Relations Authority (Parts 5900--5999)
         L  Department of Transportation (Parts 6000--6099)
       LII  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 6200--
                6299)
      LIII  Department of Education (Parts 6300--6399)
       LIV  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 6400--6499)
        LV  National Endowment for the Arts (Parts 6500--6599)
       LVI  National Endowment for the Humanities (Parts 6600--
                6699)
      LVII  General Services Administration (Parts 6700--6799)
     LVIII  Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 
                (Parts 6800--6899)
       LIX  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                6900--6999)
        LX  United States Postal Service (Parts 7000--7099)
       LXI  National Labor Relations Board (Parts 7100--7199)
      LXII  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 7200--
                7299)
     LXIII  Inter-American Foundation (Parts 7300--7399)
      LXIV  Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 7400--7499)
       LXV  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                7500--7599)
      LXVI  National Archives and Records Administration (Parts 
                7600--7699)
     LXVII  Institute of Museum and Library Services (Parts 7700--
                7799)
    LXVIII  Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 7800--7899)
      LXIX  Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 7900--7999)
       LXX  Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the 
                District of Columbia (Parts 8000--8099)
      LXXI  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 8100--8199)
    LXXIII  Department of Agriculture (Parts 8300--8399)

[[Page 118]]

     LXXIV  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 8400--8499)
     LXXVI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts 
                8600--8699)
    LXXVII  Office of Management and Budget (Parts 8700--8799)
      LXXX  Federal Housing Finance Agency (Parts 9000--9099)
   LXXXIII  Special Inspector General for Afghanistan 
                Reconstruction (Parts 9300--9399)
    LXXXIV  Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Parts 9400--
                9499)
    LXXXVI  National Credit Union Administration (Parts 9600--
                9699)
     XCVII  Department of Homeland Security Human Resources 
                Management System (Department of Homeland 
                Security--Office of Personnel Management) (Parts 
                9700--9799)
    XCVIII  Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and 
                Efficiency (Parts 9800--9899)
      XCIX  Military Compensation and Retirement Modernization 
                Commission (Parts 9900--9999)
         C  National Council on Disability (Parts 10000--10049)
        CI  National Mediation Board (Parts 10100--10199)
       CII  U.S. Office of Special Counsel (Parts 10200--10299)

                      Title 6--Domestic Security

         I  Department of Homeland Security, Office of the 
                Secretary (Parts 1--199)
         X  Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (Parts 
                1000--1099)

                         Title 7--Agriculture

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Agriculture 
                (Parts 0--26)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Department of 
                Agriculture
         I  Agricultural Marketing Service (Standards, 
                Inspections, Marketing Practices), Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 27--209)
        II  Food and Nutrition Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 210--299)
       III  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         V  Agricultural Research Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Natural Resources Conservation Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Farm Service Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                700--799)
      VIII  Agricultural Marketing Service (Federal Grain 
                Inspection Service, Fair Trade Practices Program), 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 800--899)

[[Page 119]]

        IX  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 900--999)
         X  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Milk), Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1000--1199)
        XI  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Miscellaneous Commodities), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1200--1299)
       XIV  Commodity Credit Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  Foreign Agricultural Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  [Reserved]
      XVII  Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1700--1799)
     XVIII  Rural Housing Service, Rural Business-Cooperative 
                Service, Rural Utilities Service, and Farm Service 
                Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 1800--
                2099)
        XX  [Reserved]
       XXV  Office of Advocacy and Outreach, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 2500--2599)
      XXVI  Office of Inspector General, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 2600--2699)
     XXVII  Office of Information Resources Management, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Office of Operations, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                2800--2899)
      XXIX  Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 2900--2999)
       XXX  Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3000--3099)
      XXXI  Office of Environmental Quality, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3100--3199)
     XXXII  Office of Procurement and Property Management, 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 3200--3299)
    XXXIII  Office of Transportation, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3300--3399)
     XXXIV  National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Parts 
                3400--3499)
      XXXV  Rural Housing Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3500--3599)
     XXXVI  National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 3600--3699)
    XXXVII  Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3700--3799)
   XXXVIII  World Agricultural Outlook Board, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3800--3899)
       XLI  [Reserved]
      XLII  Rural Business-Cooperative Service and Rural Utilities 
                Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 4200--
                4299)

[[Page 120]]

         L  Rural Business-Cooperative Service, and Rural 
                Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 5000--5099)

                    Title 8--Aliens and Nationality

         I  Department of Homeland Security (Parts 1--499)
         V  Executive Office for Immigration Review, Department of 
                Justice (Parts 1000--1399)

                 Title 9--Animals and Animal Products

         I  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1--199)
        II  Agricultural Marketing Service (Fair Trade Practices 
                Program), Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--
                299)
       III  Food Safety and Inspection Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 300--599)

                           Title 10--Energy

         I  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 0--199)
        II  Department of Energy (Parts 200--699)
       III  Department of Energy (Parts 700--999)
         X  Department of Energy (General Provisions) (Parts 
                1000--1099)
      XIII  Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (Parts 1300--
                1399)
      XVII  Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Parts 1700--
                1799)
     XVIII  Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste 
                Commission (Parts 1800--1899)

                      Title 11--Federal Elections

         I  Federal Election Commission (Parts 1--9099)
        II  Election Assistance Commission (Parts 9400--9499)

                      Title 12--Banks and Banking

         I  Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 1--199)
        II  Federal Reserve System (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 400--
                499)
         V  [Reserved]
        VI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Credit Union Administration (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Federal Financing Bank (Parts 800--899)
        IX  (Parts 900--999) [Reserved]
         X  Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Parts 1000--
                1099)

[[Page 121]]

        XI  Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  Federal Housing Finance Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Financial Stability Oversight Council (Parts 1300--
                1399)
       XIV  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 1400--
                1499)
        XV  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Office of Financial Research, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 1600--1699)
      XVII  Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                1700--1799)
     XVIII  Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, 
                Department of the Treasury (Parts 1800--1899)

               Title 13--Business Credit and Assistance

         I  Small Business Administration (Parts 1--199)
       III  Economic Development Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board (Parts 400--499)
         V  Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board (Parts 
                500--599)

                    Title 14--Aeronautics and Space

         I  Federal Aviation Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--199)
        II  Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation 
                (Aviation Proceedings) (Parts 200--399)
       III  Commercial Space Transportation, Federal Aviation 
                Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 400--1199)
         V  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)
        VI  Air Transportation System Stabilization (Parts 1300--
                1399)

                 Title 15--Commerce and Foreign Trade

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Commerce (Parts 
                0--29)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Commerce and 
                Foreign Trade
         I  Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                30--199)
        II  National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Foreign-Trade Zones Board, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 400--499)
       VII  Bureau of Industry and Security, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 700--799)

[[Page 122]]

      VIII  Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 800--899)
        IX  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 900--999)
        XI  National Technical Information Service, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 1100--1199)
      XIII  East-West Foreign Trade Board (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Minority Business Development Agency (Parts 1400--
                1499)
        XV  Office of the Under-Secretary for Economic Affairs, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 1500--1599)
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade 
                Agreements
        XX  Office of the United States Trade Representative 
                (Parts 2000--2099)
            Subtitle D--Regulations Relating to Telecommunications 
                and Information
     XXIII  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                2300--2399) [Reserved]

                    Title 16--Commercial Practices

         I  Federal Trade Commission (Parts 0--999)
        II  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 1000--1799)

             Title 17--Commodity and Securities Exchanges

         I  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 1--199)
        II  Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 200--399)
        IV  Department of the Treasury (Parts 400--499)

          Title 18--Conservation of Power and Water Resources

         I  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of 
                Energy (Parts 1--399)
       III  Delaware River Basin Commission (Parts 400--499)
        VI  Water Resources Council (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Susquehanna River Basin Commission (Parts 800--899)
      XIII  Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 1300--1399)

                       Title 19--Customs Duties

         I  U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of 
                Homeland Security; Department of the Treasury 
                (Parts 0--199)
        II  United States International Trade Commission (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Department 
                of Homeland Security (Parts 400--599) [Reserved]

[[Page 123]]

                     Title 20--Employees' Benefits

         I  Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Railroad Retirement Board (Parts 200--399)
       III  Social Security Administration (Parts 400--499)
        IV  Employees' Compensation Appeals Board, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 500--599)
         V  Employment and Training Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 600--699)
        VI  Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 700--799)
       VII  Benefits Review Board, Department of Labor (Parts 
                800--899)
      VIII  Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries (Parts 
                900--999)
        IX  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans' 
                Employment and Training Service, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 1000--1099)

                       Title 21--Food and Drugs

         I  Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1--1299)
        II  Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 1300--1399)
       III  Office of National Drug Control Policy (Parts 1400--
                1499)

                      Title 22--Foreign Relations

         I  Department of State (Parts 1--199)
        II  Agency for International Development (Parts 200--299)
       III  Peace Corps (Parts 300--399)
        IV  International Joint Commission, United States and 
                Canada (Parts 400--499)
         V  United States Agency for Global Media (Parts 500--599)
       VII  U.S. International Development Finance Corporation 
                (Parts 700--799)
        IX  Foreign Service Grievance Board (Parts 900--999)
         X  Inter-American Foundation (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  International Boundary and Water Commission, United 
                States and Mexico, United States Section (Parts 
                1100--1199)
       XII  United States International Development Cooperation 
                Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Millennium Challenge Corporation (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Foreign Service Labor Relations Board; Federal Labor 
                Relations Authority; General Counsel of the 
                Federal Labor Relations Authority; and the Foreign 
                Service Impasse Disputes Panel (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  African Development Foundation (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Japan-United States Friendship Commission (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      XVII  United States Institute of Peace (Parts 1700--1799)

[[Page 124]]

                          Title 23--Highways

         I  Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--999)
        II  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and 
                Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 1300--1399)

                Title 24--Housing and Urban Development

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Housing and Urban Development (Parts 0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban 
                Development
         I  Office of Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                100--199)
        II  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 200--299)
       III  Government National Mortgage Association, Department 
                of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Housing and Office of Multifamily Housing 
                Assistance Restructuring, Department of Housing 
                and Urban Development (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 600--699) [Reserved]
       VII  Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Housing Assistance Programs and 
                Public and Indian Housing Programs) (Parts 700--
                799)
      VIII  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Section 8 Housing Assistance 
                Programs, Section 202 Direct Loan Program, Section 
                202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly Program and 
                Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons With 
                Disabilities Program) (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian 
                Housing, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 900--1699)
         X  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Interstate Land Sales 
                Registration Program) (Parts 1700--1799) 
                [Reserved]
       XII  Office of Inspector General, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 2000--2099)
        XV  Emergency Mortgage Insurance and Loan Programs, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                2700--2799) [Reserved]

[[Page 125]]

        XX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 3200--3899)
      XXIV  Board of Directors of the HOPE for Homeowners Program 
                (Parts 4000--4099) [Reserved]
       XXV  Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (Parts 4100--
                4199)

                           Title 25--Indians

         I  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--299)
        II  Indian Arts and Crafts Board, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 300--399)
       III  National Indian Gaming Commission, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 500--599)
        IV  Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation (Parts 
                700--899)
         V  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, 
                and Indian Health Service, Department of Health 
                and Human Services (Part 900--999)
        VI  Office of the Assistant Secretary, Indian Affairs, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 1000--1199)
       VII  Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 1200--1299)

                      Title 26--Internal Revenue

         I  Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury 
                (Parts 1--End)

           Title 27--Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms

         I  Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department 
                of the Treasury (Parts 1--399)
        II  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 
                Department of Justice (Parts 400--799)

                   Title 28--Judicial Administration

         I  Department of Justice (Parts 0--299)
       III  Federal Prison Industries, Inc., Department of Justice 
                (Parts 300--399)
         V  Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice (Parts 500--
                599)
        VI  Offices of Independent Counsel, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Office of Independent Counsel (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the 
                District of Columbia (Parts 800--899)
        IX  National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact Council 
                (Parts 900--999)

[[Page 126]]

        XI  Department of Justice and Department of State (Parts 
                1100--1199)

                            Title 29--Labor

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Labor (Parts 
                0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Labor
         I  National Labor Relations Board (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Railroad Adjustment Board (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 400--499)
         V  Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor (Parts 
                500--899)
        IX  Construction Industry Collective Bargaining Commission 
                (Parts 900--999)
         X  National Mediation Board (Parts 1200--1299)
       XII  Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (Parts 
                1400--1499)
       XIV  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 1600--
                1699)
      XVII  Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 
                Department of Labor (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2200--2499)
       XXV  Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 2500--2599)
     XXVII  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2700--2799)
        XL  Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4999)

                      Title 30--Mineral Resources

         I  Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 200--299)
        IV  Geological Survey, Department of the Interior (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 500--599)
       VII  Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 700--999)
       XII  Office of Natural Resources Revenue, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 1200--1299)

                 Title 31--Money and Finance: Treasury

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Treasury 
                (Parts 0--50)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Money and Finance

[[Page 127]]

         I  Monetary Offices, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                51--199)
        II  Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                200--399)
        IV  Secret Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of 
                the Treasury (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of Investment Security, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Federal Claims Collection Standards (Department of the 
                Treasury--Department of Justice) (Parts 900--999)
         X  Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, Department of 
                the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)

                      Title 32--National Defense

            Subtitle A--Department of Defense
         I  Office of the Secretary of Defense (Parts 1--399)
         V  Department of the Army (Parts 400--699)
        VI  Department of the Navy (Parts 700--799)
       VII  Department of the Air Force (Parts 800--1099)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to National 
                Defense
       XII  Department of Defense, Defense Logistics Agency (Parts 
                1200--1299)
       XVI  Selective Service System (Parts 1600--1699)
      XVII  Office of the Director of National Intelligence (Parts 
                1700--1799)
     XVIII  National Counterintelligence Center (Parts 1800--1899)
       XIX  Central Intelligence Agency (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Information Security Oversight Office, National 
                Archives and Records Administration (Parts 2000--
                2099)
       XXI  National Security Council (Parts 2100--2199)
      XXIV  Office of Science and Technology Policy (Parts 2400--
                2499)
     XXVII  Office for Micronesian Status Negotiations (Parts 
                2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Office of the Vice President of the United States 
                (Parts 2800--2899)

               Title 33--Navigation and Navigable Waters

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts 
                1--199)
        II  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Department 
                of Defense (Parts 200--399)
        IV  Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development 
                Corporation, Department of Transportation (Parts 
                400--499)

[[Page 128]]

                          Title 34--Education

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Education (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Offices of the 
                Department of Education
         I  Office for Civil Rights, Department of Education 
                (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, 
                Department of Education (Parts 200--299)
       III  Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative 
                Services, Department of Education (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education, 
                Department of Education (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages 
                Affairs, Department of Education (Parts 500--599) 
                [Reserved]
        VI  Office of Postsecondary Education, Department of 
                Education (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 
                Department of Education (Parts 700--799) 
                [Reserved]
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Education
        XI  [Reserved]
       XII  National Council on Disability (Parts 1200--1299)

                          Title 35 [Reserved]

             Title 36--Parks, Forests, and Public Property

         I  National Park Service, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
        II  Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--
                299)
       III  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  American Battle Monuments Commission (Parts 400--499)
         V  Smithsonian Institution (Parts 500--599)
        VI  [Reserved]
       VII  Library of Congress (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (Parts 800--
                899)
        IX  Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation (Parts 
                900--999)
         X  Presidio Trust (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance 
                Board (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  National Archives and Records Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)
        XV  Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust (Parts 1500--
                1599)
       XVI  Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National 
                Environmental Policy Foundation (Parts 1600--1699)

             Title 37--Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights

         I  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Department 
                of Commerce (Parts 1--199)
        II  U.S. Copyright Office, Library of Congress (Parts 
                200--299)

[[Page 129]]

       III  Copyright Royalty Board, Library of Congress (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 400--599)

           Title 38--Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief

         I  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 0--199)
        II  Armed Forces Retirement Home (Parts 200--299)

                       Title 39--Postal Service

         I  United States Postal Service (Parts 1--999)
       III  Postal Regulatory Commission (Parts 3000--3099)

                  Title 40--Protection of Environment

         I  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1--1099)
        IV  Environmental Protection Agency and Department of 
                Justice (Parts 1400--1499)
         V  Council on Environmental Quality (Parts 1500--1599)
        VI  Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (Parts 
                1600--1699)
       VII  Environmental Protection Agency and Department of 
                Defense; Uniform National Discharge Standards for 
                Vessels of the Armed Forces (Parts 1700--1799)
      VIII  Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council (Parts 1800--
                1899)
        IX  Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council (Part 
                1900)

          Title 41--Public Contracts and Property Management

            Subtitle A--Federal Procurement Regulations System 
                [Note]
            Subtitle B--Other Provisions Relating to Public 
                Contracts
        50  Public Contracts, Department of Labor (Parts 50-1--50-
                999)
        51  Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or 
                Severely Disabled (Parts 51-1--51-99)
        60  Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal 
                Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Parts 
                60-1--60-999)
        61  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans' 
                Employment and Training Service, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 61-1--61-999)
   62--100  [Reserved]
            Subtitle C--Federal Property Management Regulations 
                System
       101  Federal Property Management Regulations (Parts 101-1--
                101-99)
       102  Federal Management Regulation (Parts 102-1--102-299)
  103--104  [Reserved]
       105  General Services Administration (Parts 105-1--105-999)

[[Page 130]]

       109  Department of Energy Property Management Regulations 
                (Parts 109-1--109-99)
       114  Department of the Interior (Parts 114-1--114-99)
       115  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 115-1--115-99)
       128  Department of Justice (Parts 128-1--128-99)
  129--200  [Reserved]
            Subtitle D--Federal Acquisition Supply Chain Security
       201  Federal Acquisition Security Council (Parts 201-1--
                201-99)
            Subtitle E [Reserved]
            Subtitle F--Federal Travel Regulation System
       300  General (Parts 300-1--300-99)
       301  Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances (Parts 301-1--
                301-99)
       302  Relocation Allowances (Parts 302-1--302-99)
       303  Payment of Expenses Connected with the Death of 
                Certain Employees (Part 303-1--303-99)
       304  Payment of Travel Expenses from a Non-Federal Source 
                (Parts 304-1--304-99)

                        Title 42--Public Health

         I  Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 1--199)
   II--III  [Reserved]
        IV  Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Department 
                of Health and Human Services (Parts 400--699)
         V  Office of Inspector General-Health Care, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 1000--1099)

                   Title 43--Public Lands: Interior

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Lands
         I  Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 400--999)
        II  Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1000--9999)
       III  Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation 
                Commission (Parts 10000--10099)

             Title 44--Emergency Management and Assistance

         I  Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of 
                Homeland Security (Parts 0--399)
        IV  Department of Commerce and Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 400--499)

[[Page 131]]

                       Title 45--Public Welfare

            Subtitle A--Department of Health and Human Services 
                (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Welfare
        II  Office of Family Assistance (Assistance Programs), 
                Administration for Children and Families, 
                Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  Office of Child Support Enforcement (Child Support 
                Enforcement Program), Administration for Children 
                and Families, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Refugee Resettlement, Administration for 
                Children and Families, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 400--499)
         V  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United 
                States, Department of Justice (Parts 500--599)
        VI  National Science Foundation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Denali Commission (Parts 900--999)
         X  Office of Community Services, Administration for 
                Children and Families, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                1200--1299)
      XIII  Administration for Children and Families, Department 
                of Health and Human Services (Parts 1300--1399)
       XVI  Legal Services Corporation (Parts 1600--1699)
      XVII  National Commission on Libraries and Information 
                Science (Parts 1700--1799)
     XVIII  Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation (Parts 1800--
                1899)
       XXI  Commission of Fine Arts (Parts 2100--2199)
     XXIII  Arctic Research Commission (Parts 2300--2399)
      XXIV  James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation (Parts 
                2400--2499)
       XXV  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                2500--2599)

                          Title 46--Shipping

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts 
                1--199)
        II  Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 200--399)
       III  Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage), Department of 
                Homeland Security (Parts 400--499)
        IV  Federal Maritime Commission (Parts 500--599)

[[Page 132]]

                      Title 47--Telecommunication

         I  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 0--199)
        II  Office of Science and Technology Policy and National 
                Security Council (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce, and 
                National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 400--499)
         V  The First Responder Network Authority (Parts 500--599)

           Title 48--Federal Acquisition Regulations System

         1  Federal Acquisition Regulation (Parts 1--99)
         2  Defense Acquisition Regulations System, Department of 
                Defense (Parts 200--299)
         3  Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 300--
                399)
         4  Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         5  General Services Administration (Parts 500--599)
         6  Department of State (Parts 600--699)
         7  Agency for International Development (Parts 700--799)
         8  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
         9  Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
        10  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)
        12  Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
        13  Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
        14  Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
        15  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
        16  Office of Personnel Management Federal Employees 
                Health Benefits Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                1600--1699)
        17  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1700--1799)
        18  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1800--1899)
        19  Broadcasting Board of Governors (Parts 1900--1999)
        20  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 2000--2099)
        21  Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees 
                Group Life Insurance Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation (Parts 2100--2199)
        23  Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
        24  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                2400--2499)
        25  National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
        28  Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)
        29  Department of Labor (Parts 2900--2999)
        30  Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Security 
                Acquisition Regulation (HSAR) (Parts 3000--3099)
        34  Department of Education Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                3400--3499)

[[Page 133]]

        51  Department of the Army Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5100--5199) [Reserved]
        52  Department of the Navy Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5200--5299)
        53  Department of the Air Force Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation Supplement (Parts 5300--5399) 
                [Reserved]
        54  Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense (Parts 
                5400--5499)
        57  African Development Foundation (Parts 5700--5799)
        61  Civilian Board of Contract Appeals, General Services 
                Administration (Parts 6100--6199)
        99  Cost Accounting Standards Board, Office of Federal 
                Procurement Policy, Office of Management and 
                Budget (Parts 9900--9999)

                       Title 49--Transportation

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Transportation 
                (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to 
                Transportation
         I  Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
                Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 100--199)
        II  Federal Railroad Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Federal Transit Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) 
                (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  National Transportation Safety Board (Parts 800--999)
         X  Surface Transportation Board (Parts 1000--1399)
        XI  Research and Innovative Technology Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 1400--1499) 
                [Reserved]
       XII  Transportation Security Administration, Department of 
                Homeland Security (Parts 1500--1699)

                   Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries

         I  United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of 
                the Interior (Parts 1--199)
        II  National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Fishing and Related Activities (Parts 
                300--399)

[[Page 134]]

        IV  Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife 
                Service, Department of the Interior and National 
                Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and 
                Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce); Endangered Species Committee 
                Regulations (Parts 400--499)
         V  Marine Mammal Commission (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 600--699)

[[Page 135]]





           Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR




                     (Revised as of October 1, 2022)

                                                  CFR Title, Subtitle or 
                     Agency                               Chapter

Administrative Conference of the United States    1, III
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation         36, VIII
Advocacy and Outreach, Office of                  7, XXV
Afghanistan Reconstruction, Special Inspector     5, LXXXIII
     General for
African Development Foundation                    22, XV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 57
Agency for International Development              2, VII; 22, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
Agricultural Marketing Service                    7, I, VIII, IX, X, XI; 9, 
                                                  II
Agricultural Research Service                     7, V
Agriculture, Department of                        2, IV; 5, LXXIII
  Advocacy and Outreach, Office of                7, XXV
  Agricultural Marketing Service                  7, I, VIII, IX, X, XI; 9, 
                                                  II
  Agricultural Research Service                   7, V
  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service      7, III; 9, I
  Chief Financial Officer, Office of              7, XXX
  Commodity Credit Corporation                    7, XIV
  Economic Research Service                       7, XXXVII
  Energy Policy and New Uses, Office of           2, IX; 7, XXIX
  Environmental Quality, Office of                7, XXXI
  Farm Service Agency                             7, VII, XVIII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 4
  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation              7, IV
  Food and Nutrition Service                      7, II
  Food Safety and Inspection Service              9, III
  Foreign Agricultural Service                    7, XV
  Forest Service                                  36, II
  Information Resources Management, Office of     7, XXVII
  Inspector General, Office of                    7, XXVI
  National Agricultural Library                   7, XLI
  National Agricultural Statistics Service        7, XXXVI
  National Institute of Food and Agriculture      7, XXXIV
  Natural Resources Conservation Service          7, VI
  Operations, Office of                           7, XXVIII
  Procurement and Property Management, Office of  7, XXXII
  Rural Business-Cooperative Service              7, XVIII, XLII
  Rural Development Administration                7, XLII
  Rural Housing Service                           7, XVIII, XXXV
  Rural Utilities Service                         7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
  Secretary of Agriculture, Office of             7, Subtitle A
  Transportation, Office of                       7, XXXIII
  World Agricultural Outlook Board                7, XXXVIII
Air Force, Department of                          32, VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement       48, 53
Air Transportation Stabilization Board            14, VI
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau          27, I
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives,       27, II
     Bureau of
AMTRAK                                            49, VII
American Battle Monuments Commission              36, IV
American Indians, Office of the Special Trustee   25, VII
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service        7, III; 9, I
Appalachian Regional Commission                   5, IX
Architectural and Transportation Barriers         36, XI
   Compliance Board
[[Page 136]]

Arctic Research Commission                        45, XXIII
Armed Forces Retirement Home                      5, XI; 38, II
Army, Department of                               32, V
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 51
Benefits Review Board                             20, VII
Bilingual Education and Minority Languages        34, V
     Affairs, Office of
Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for         41, 51
     Purchase from People Who Are
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 19
Career, Technical, and Adult Education, Office    34, IV
     of
Census Bureau                                     15, I
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services          42, IV
Central Intelligence Agency                       32, XIX
Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board    40, VI
Chief Financial Officer, Office of                7, XXX
Child Support Enforcement, Office of              45, III
Children and Families, Administration for         45, II, III, IV, X, XIII
Civil Rights, Commission on                       5, LXVIII; 45, VII
Civil Rights, Office for                          34, I
Coast Guard                                       33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage)                46, III
Commerce, Department of                           2, XIII; 44, IV; 50, VI
  Census Bureau                                   15, I
  Economic Affairs, Office of the Under-          15, XV
       Secretary for
  Economic Analysis, Bureau of                    15, VIII
  Economic Development Administration             13, III
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 13
  Foreign-Trade Zones Board                       15, IV
  Industry and Security, Bureau of                15, VII
  International Trade Administration              15, III; 19, III
  National Institute of Standards and Technology  15, II; 37, IV
  National Marine Fisheries Service               50, II, IV
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric                15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
       Administration                             VI
  National Technical Information Service          15, XI
  National Telecommunications and Information     15, XXIII; 47, III, IV
       Administration
  National Weather Service                        15, IX
  Patent and Trademark Office, United States      37, I
  Secretary of Commerce, Office of                15, Subtitle A
Commercial Space Transportation                   14, III
Commodity Credit Corporation                      7, XIV
Commodity Futures Trading Commission              5, XLI; 17, I
Community Planning and Development, Office of     24, V, VI
     Assistant Secretary for
Community Services, Office of                     45, X
Comptroller of the Currency                       12, I
Construction Industry Collective Bargaining       29, IX
     Commission
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau              5, LXXXIV; 12, X
Consumer Product Safety Commission                5, LXXI; 16, II
Copyright Royalty Board                           37, III
Corporation for National and Community Service    2, XXII; 45, XII, XXV
Cost Accounting Standards Board                   48, 99
Council on Environmental Quality                  40, V
Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity    5, XCVIII
     and Efficiency
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency    5, LXX; 28, VIII
     for the District of Columbia
Customs and Border Protection                     19, I
Defense, Department of                            2, XI; 5, XXVI; 32, 
                                                  Subtitle A; 40, VII
  Advanced Research Projects Agency               32, I
  Air Force Department                            32, VII
  Army Department                                 32, V; 33, II; 36, III; 
                                                  48, 51
  Defense Acquisition Regulations System          48, 2
  Defense Intelligence Agency                     32, I

[[Page 137]]

  Defense Logistics Agency                        32, I, XII; 48, 54
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  National Imagery and Mapping Agency             32, I
  Navy, Department of                             32, VI; 48, 52
  Secretary of Defense, Office of                 2, XI; 32, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency                     32, I
Defense Intelligence Agency                       32, I
Defense Logistics Agency                          32, XII; 48, 54
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board           10, XVII
Delaware River Basin Commission                   18, III
Denali Commission                                 45, IX
Disability, National Council on                   5, C; 34, XII
District of Columbia, Court Services and          5, LXX; 28, VIII
     Offender Supervision Agency for the
Drug Enforcement Administration                   21, II
East-West Foreign Trade Board                     15, XIII
Economic Affairs, Office of the Under-Secretary   15, XV
     for
Economic Analysis, Bureau of                      15, VIII
Economic Development Administration               13, III
Economic Research Service                         7, XXXVII
Education, Department of                          2, XXXIV; 5, LIII
  Bilingual Education and Minority Languages      34, V
       Affairs, Office of
  Career, Technical, and Adult Education, Office  34, IV
       of
  Civil Rights, Office for                        34, I
  Educational Research and Improvement, Office    34, VII
       of
  Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of   34, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 34
  Postsecondary Education, Office of              34, VI
  Secretary of Education, Office of               34, Subtitle A
  Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,  34, III
       Office of
Educational Research and Improvement, Office of   34, VII
Election Assistance Commission                    2, LVIII; 11, II
Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of     34, II
Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board       13, V
Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board              13, IV
Employee Benefits Security Administration         29, XXV
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board             20, IV
Employees Loyalty Board                           5, V
Employment and Training Administration            20, V
Employment Policy, National Commission for        1, IV
Employment Standards Administration               20, VI
Endangered Species Committee                      50, IV
Energy, Department of                             2, IX; 5, XXIII; 10, II, 
                                                  III, X
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 9
  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission            5, XXIV; 18, I
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 109
Energy, Office of                                 7, XXIX
Engineers, Corps of                               33, II; 36, III
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of                 31, VI
Environmental Protection Agency                   2, XV; 5, LIV; 40, I, IV, 
                                                  VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 15
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 115
Environmental Quality, Office of                  7, XXXI
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission           5, LXII; 29, XIV
Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant Secretary  24, I
     for
Executive Office of the President                 3, I
  Environmental Quality, Council on               40, V
  Management and Budget, Office of                2, Subtitle A; 5, III, 
                                                  LXXVII; 14, VI; 48, 99
  National Drug Control Policy, Office of         2, XXXVI; 21, III
  National Security Council                       32, XXI; 47, II
  Science and Technology Policy, Office of        32, XXIV; 47, II
  Trade Representative, Office of the United      15, XX
       States
Export-Import Bank of the United States           2, XXXV; 5, LII; 12, IV

[[Page 138]]

Family Assistance, Office of                      45, II
Farm Credit Administration                        5, XXXI; 12, VI
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation          5, XXX; 12, XIV
Farm Service Agency                               7, VII, XVIII
Federal Acquisition Regulation                    48, 1
Federal Acquisition Security Council              41, 201
Federal Aviation Administration                   14, I
  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
Federal Claims Collection Standards               31, IX
Federal Communications Commission                 5, XXIX; 47, I
Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of   41, 60
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation                7, IV
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation             5, XXII; 12, III
Federal Election Commission                       5, XXXVII; 11, I
Federal Emergency Management Agency               44, I
Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal    48, 21
     Acquisition Regulation
Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition     48, 16
     Regulation
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission              5, XXIV; 18, I
Federal Financial Institutions Examination        12, XI
     Council
Federal Financing Bank                            12, VIII
Federal Highway Administration                    23, I, II
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation            1, IV
Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight Office       12, XVII
Federal Housing Finance Agency                    5, LXXX; 12, XII
Federal Labor Relations Authority                 5, XIV, XLIX; 22, XIV
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center           31, VII
Federal Management Regulation                     41, 102
Federal Maritime Commission                       46, IV
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service        29, XII
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission  5, LXXIV; 29, XXVII
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration       49, III
Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council   40, IX
Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                   28, III
Federal Procurement Policy Office                 48, 99
Federal Property Management Regulations           41, 101
Federal Railroad Administration                   49, II
Federal Register, Administrative Committee of     1, I
Federal Register, Office of                       1, II
Federal Reserve System                            12, II
  Board of Governors                              5, LVIII
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board        5, VI, LXXVI
Federal Service Impasses Panel                    5, XIV
Federal Trade Commission                          5, XLVII; 16, I
Federal Transit Administration                    49, VI
Federal Travel Regulation System                  41, Subtitle F
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network              31, X
Financial Research Office                         12, XVI
Financial Stability Oversight Council             12, XIII
Fine Arts, Commission of                          45, XXI
Fiscal Service                                    31, II
Fish and Wildlife Service, United States          50, I, IV
Food and Drug Administration                      21, I
Food and Nutrition Service                        7, II
Food Safety and Inspection Service                9, III
Foreign Agricultural Service                      7, XV
Foreign Assets Control, Office of                 31, V
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the       45, V
     United States
Foreign Service Grievance Board                   22, IX
Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel            22, XIV
Foreign Service Labor Relations Board             22, XIV
Foreign-Trade Zones Board                         15, IV
Forest Service                                    36, II
General Services Administration                   5, LVII; 41, 105
  Contract Appeals, Board of                      48, 61
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 5
  Federal Management Regulation                   41, 102

[[Page 139]]

  Federal Property Management Regulations         41, 101
  Federal Travel Regulation System                41, Subtitle F
  General                                         41, 300
  Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel    41, 304
       Expenses
  Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death    41, 303
       of Certain Employees
  Relocation Allowances                           41, 302
  Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances          41, 301
Geological Survey                                 30, IV
Government Accountability Office                  4, I
Government Ethics, Office of                      5, XVI
Government National Mortgage Association          24, III
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards          7, VIII; 9, II
     Administration
Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development       33, IV
     Corporation
Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council          2, LIX; 40, VIII
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation            45, XVIII
Health and Human Services, Department of          2, III; 5, XLV; 45, 
                                                  Subtitle A
  Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services        42, IV
  Child Support Enforcement, Office of            45, III
  Children and Families, Administration for       45, II, III, IV, X, XIII
  Community Services, Office of                   45, X
  Family Assistance, Office of                    45, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 3
  Food and Drug Administration                    21, I
  Indian Health Service                           25, V
  Inspector General (Health Care), Office of      42, V
  Public Health Service                           42, I
  Refugee Resettlement, Office of                 45, IV
Homeland Security, Department of                  2, XXX; 5, XXXVI; 6, I; 8, 
                                                  I
  Coast Guard                                     33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
  Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage)              46, III
  Customs and Border Protection                   19, I
  Federal Emergency Management Agency             44, I
  Human Resources Management and Labor Relations  5, XCVII
       Systems
  Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau      19, IV
  Transportation Security Administration          49, XII
HOPE for Homeowners Program, Board of Directors   24, XXIV
     of
Housing, Office of, and Multifamily Housing       24, IV
     Assistance Restructuring, Office of
Housing and Urban Development, Department of      2, XXIV; 5, LXV; 24, 
                                                  Subtitle B
  Community Planning and Development, Office of   24, V, VI
       Assistant Secretary for
  Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant          24, I
       Secretary for
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 24
  Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office    12, XVII
       of
  Government National Mortgage Association        24, III
  Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office   24, II, VIII, X, XX
       of Assistant Secretary for
  Housing, Office of, and Multifamily Housing     24, IV
       Assistance Restructuring, Office of
  Inspector General, Office of                    24, XII
  Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant  24, IX
       Secretary for
  Secretary, Office of                            24, Subtitle A, VII
Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office of  24, II, VIII, X, XX
     Assistant Secretary for
Housing, Office of, and Multifamily Housing       24, IV
     Assistance Restructuring, Office of
Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau        19, IV
Immigration Review, Executive Office for          8, V
Independent Counsel, Office of                    28, VII
Independent Counsel, Offices of                   28, VI
Indian Affairs, Bureau of                         25, I, V
Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant           25, VI
   Secretary
[[Page 140]]

Indian Arts and Crafts Board                      25, II
Indian Health Service                             25, V
Industry and Security, Bureau of                  15, VII
Information Resources Management, Office of       7, XXVII
Information Security Oversight Office, National   32, XX
     Archives and Records Administration
Inspector General
  Agriculture Department                          7, XXVI
  Health and Human Services Department            42, V
  Housing and Urban Development Department        24, XII, XV
Institute of Peace, United States                 22, XVII
Inter-American Foundation                         5, LXIII; 22, X
Interior, Department of                           2, XIV
  American Indians, Office of the Special         25, VII
       Trustee
  Endangered Species Committee                    50, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 14
  Federal Property Management Regulations System  41, 114
  Fish and Wildlife Service, United States        50, I, IV
  Geological Survey                               30, IV
  Indian Affairs, Bureau of                       25, I, V
  Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant         25, VI
       Secretary
  Indian Arts and Crafts Board                    25, II
  Land Management, Bureau of                      43, II
  National Indian Gaming Commission               25, III
  National Park Service                           36, I
  Natural Resource Revenue, Office of             30, XII
  Ocean Energy Management, Bureau of              30, V
  Reclamation, Bureau of                          43, I
  Safety and Environmental Enforcement, Bureau    30, II
       of
  Secretary of the Interior, Office of            2, XIV; 43, Subtitle A
  Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,     30, VII
       Office of
Internal Revenue Service                          26, I
International Boundary and Water Commission,      22, XI
     United States and Mexico, United States 
     Section
International Development, United States Agency   22, II
     for
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
International Development Cooperation Agency,     22, XII
     United States
International Development Finance Corporation,    5, XXXIII; 22, VII
     U.S.
International Joint Commission, United States     22, IV
     and Canada
International Organizations Employees Loyalty     5, V
     Board
International Trade Administration                15, III; 19, III
International Trade Commission, United States     19, II
Interstate Commerce Commission                    5, XL
Investment Security, Office of                    31, VIII
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation      45, XXIV
Japan-United States Friendship Commission         22, XVI
Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries       20, VIII
Justice, Department of                            2, XXVIII; 5, XXVIII; 28, 
                                                  I, XI; 40, IV
  Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives,     27, II
       Bureau of
  Drug Enforcement Administration                 21, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 28
  Federal Claims Collection Standards             31, IX
  Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                 28, III
  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the     45, V
       United States
  Immigration Review, Executive Office for        8, V
  Independent Counsel, Offices of                 28, VI
  Prisons, Bureau of                              28, V
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 128
Labor, Department of                              2, XXIX; 5, XLII
  Benefits Review Board                           20, VII
  Employee Benefits Security Administration       29, XXV
  Employees' Compensation Appeals Board           20, IV
  Employment and Training Administration          20, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 29

[[Page 141]]

  Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office    41, 60
       of
  Federal Procurement Regulations System          41, 50
  Labor-Management Standards, Office of           29, II, IV
  Mine Safety and Health Administration           30, I
  Occupational Safety and Health Administration   29, XVII
  Public Contracts                                41, 50
  Secretary of Labor, Office of                   29, Subtitle A
  Veterans' Employment and Training Service,      41, 61; 20, IX
       Office of the Assistant Secretary for
  Wage and Hour Division                          29, V
  Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of       20, I, VI
Labor-Management Standards, Office of             29, II, IV
Land Management, Bureau of                        43, II
Legal Services Corporation                        45, XVI
Libraries and Information Science, National       45, XVII
     Commission on
Library of Congress                               36, VII
  Copyright Royalty Board                         37, III
  U.S. Copyright Office                           37, II
Management and Budget, Office of                  5, III, LXXVII; 14, VI; 
                                                  48, 99
Marine Mammal Commission                          50, V
Maritime Administration                           46, II
Merit Systems Protection Board                    5, II, LXIV
Micronesian Status Negotiations, Office for       32, XXVII
Military Compensation and Retirement              5, XCIX
     Modernization Commission
Millennium Challenge Corporation                  22, XIII
Mine Safety and Health Administration             30, I
Minority Business Development Agency              15, XIV
Miscellaneous Agencies                            1, IV
Monetary Offices                                  31, I
Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in     36, XVI
     National Environmental Policy Foundation
Museum and Library Services, Institute of         2, XXXI
National Aeronautics and Space Administration     2, XVIII; 5, LIX; 14, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 18
National Agricultural Library                     7, XLI
National Agricultural Statistics Service          7, XXXVI
National and Community Service, Corporation for   2, XXII; 45, XII, XXV
National Archives and Records Administration      2, XXVI; 5, LXVI; 36, XII
  Information Security Oversight Office           32, XX
National Capital Planning Commission              1, IV, VI
National Counterintelligence Center               32, XVIII
National Credit Union Administration              5, LXXXVI; 12, VII
National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact     28, IX
     Council
National Drug Control Policy, Office of           2, XXXVI; 21, III
National Endowment for the Arts                   2, XXXII
National Endowment for the Humanities             2, XXXIII
National Foundation on the Arts and the           45, XI
     Humanities
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency           32, I
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration    23, II, III; 47, VI; 49, V
National Imagery and Mapping Agency               32, I
National Indian Gaming Commission                 25, III
National Institute of Food and Agriculture        7, XXXIV
National Institute of Standards and Technology    15, II; 37, IV
National Intelligence, Office of Director of      5, IV; 32, XVII
National Labor Relations Board                    5, LXI; 29, I
National Marine Fisheries Service                 50, II, IV
National Mediation Board                          5, CI; 29, X
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration   15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
                                                  VI
National Park Service                             36, I
National Railroad Adjustment Board                29, III
National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK)  49, VII
National Science Foundation                       2, XXV; 5, XLIII; 45, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 25
National Security Council                         32, XXI; 47, II

[[Page 142]]

National Technical Information Service            15, XI
National Telecommunications and Information       15, XXIII; 47, III, IV, V
     Administration
National Transportation Safety Board              49, VIII
Natural Resource Revenue, Office of               30, XII
Natural Resources Conservation Service            7, VI
Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, Office of      25, IV
Navy, Department of                               32, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 52
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation             24, XXV
Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste  10, XVIII
     Commission
Nuclear Regulatory Commission                     2, XX; 5, XLVIII; 10, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 20
Occupational Safety and Health Administration     29, XVII
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission  29, XX
Ocean Energy Management, Bureau of                30, V
Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust             36, XV
Operations Office                                 7, XXVIII
Patent and Trademark Office, United States        37, I
Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel      41, 304
     Expenses
Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death of   41, 303
     Certain Employees
Peace Corps                                       2, XXXVII; 22, III
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation       36, IX
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation              29, XL
Personnel Management, Office of                   5, I, IV, XXXV; 45, VIII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 17
  Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal  48, 21
       Acquisition Regulation
  Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition   48, 16
       Regulation
  Human Resources Management and Labor Relations  5, XCVII
       Systems, Department of Homeland Security
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety           49, I
     Administration
Postal Regulatory Commission                      5, XLVI; 39, III
Postal Service, United States                     5, LX; 39, I
Postsecondary Education, Office of                34, VI
President's Commission on White House             1, IV
     Fellowships
Presidio Trust                                    36, X
Prisons, Bureau of                                28, V
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board       6, X
Procurement and Property Management, Office of    7, XXXII
Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant    24, IX
     Secretary for
Public Contracts, Department of Labor             41, 50
Public Health Service                             42, I
Railroad Retirement Board                         20, II
Reclamation, Bureau of                            43, I
Refugee Resettlement, Office of                   45, IV
Relocation Allowances                             41, 302
Research and Innovative Technology                49, XI
     Administration
Rural Business-Cooperative Service                7, XVIII, XLII, L
Rural Development Administration                  7, XLII
Rural Housing Service                             7, XVIII, XXXV, L
Rural Utilities Service                           7, XVII, XVIII, XLII, L
Safety and Environmental Enforcement, Bureau of   30, II
Science and Technology Policy, Office of          32, XXIV; 47, II
Secret Service                                    31, IV
Securities and Exchange Commission                5, XXXIV; 17, II
Selective Service System                          32, XVI
Small Business Administration                     2, XXVII; 13, I
Smithsonian Institution                           36, V
Social Security Administration                    2, XXIII; 20, III; 48, 23
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, United States        5, XI
Special Counsel, Office of                        5, VIII
Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,    34, III
     Office of
State, Department of                              2, VI; 22, I; 28, XI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 6

[[Page 143]]

Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,       30, VII
     Office of
Surface Transportation Board                      49, X
Susquehanna River Basin Commission                18, VIII
Tennessee Valley Authority                        5, LXIX; 18, XIII
Trade Representative, United States, Office of    15, XX
Transportation, Department of                     2, XII; 5, L
  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 12
  Federal Aviation Administration                 14, I
  Federal Highway Administration                  23, I, II
  Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration     49, III
  Federal Railroad Administration                 49, II
  Federal Transit Administration                  49, VI
  Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development     33, IV
       Corporation
  Maritime Administration                         46, II
  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration  23, II, III; 47, IV; 49, V
  Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety         49, I
       Administration
  Secretary of Transportation, Office of          14, II; 49, Subtitle A
  Transportation Statistics Bureau                49, XI
Transportation, Office of                         7, XXXIII
Transportation Security Administration            49, XII
Transportation Statistics Bureau                  49, XI
Travel Allowances, Temporary Duty (TDY)           41, 301
Treasury, Department of the                       2, X; 5, XXI; 12, XV; 17, 
                                                  IV; 31, IX
  Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau        27, I
  Community Development Financial Institutions    12, XVIII
       Fund
  Comptroller of the Currency                     12, I
  Customs and Border Protection                   19, I
  Engraving and Printing, Bureau of               31, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 10
  Federal Claims Collection Standards             31, IX
  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center         31, VII
  Financial Crimes Enforcement Network            31, X
  Fiscal Service                                  31, II
  Foreign Assets Control, Office of               31, V
  Internal Revenue Service                        26, I
  Investment Security, Office of                  31, VIII
  Monetary Offices                                31, I
  Secret Service                                  31, IV
  Secretary of the Treasury, Office of            31, Subtitle A
Truman, Harry S. Scholarship Foundation           45, XVIII
United States Agency for Global Media             22, V
United States and Canada, International Joint     22, IV
     Commission
United States and Mexico, International Boundary  22, XI
     and Water Commission, United States Section
U.S. Copyright Office                             37, II
U.S. Office of Special Counsel                    5, CII
Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation      43, III
     Commission
Veterans Affairs, Department of                   2, VIII; 38, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 8
Veterans' Employment and Training Service,        41, 61; 20, IX
     Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Vice President of the United States, Office of    32, XXVIII
Wage and Hour Division                            29, V
Water Resources Council                           18, VI
Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of         20, I, VII
World Agricultural Outlook Board                  7, XXXVIII

[[Page 145]]



List of CFR Sections Affected



All changes in this volume of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) that 
were made by documents published in the Federal Register since January 
1, 2017 are enumerated in the following list. Entries indicate the 
nature of the changes effected. Page numbers refer to Federal Register 
pages. The user should consult the entries for chapters, parts and 
subparts as well as sections for revisions.
For changes to this volume of the CFR prior to this listing, consult the 
annual edition of the monthly List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA). The 
LSA is available at www.govinfo.gov. For changes to this volume of the 
CFR prior to 2001, see the ``List of CFR Sections Affected, 1949-1963, 
1964-1972, 1973-1985, and 1986-2000'' published in 11 separate volumes. 
The ``List of CFR Sections Affected 1986-2000'' is available at 
www.govinfo.gov.

                                  2017

50 CFR
                                                                   82 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
Chapter I Policy statement.........................................50532
11.33 Table revised.................................................6308
13.11 Regulation at 81 FR 91549 confirmed...........................7708
    (d)(4) correctly amended.......................................41177
15.33 (a) table amended............................................16540

                                  2018

50 CFR
                                                                   83 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
Chapter I Policy statement..................................36469, 36472
11.33 Table revised.................................................5951

                                  2019

50 CFR
                                                                   84 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
11.33 Table revised................................................15526
14 Authority citation revised......................................29808
14.92 (a)(5) added.................................................29808

                                  2020

50 CFR
                                                                   85 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
10.13 (c) revised..................................................21290
11.33 Table revised................................................10311

                                  2021

50 CFR
                                                                   86 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
10.14 Added.........................................................1165
    Regulation at 86 FR 1165 eff. date delayed to 3-8-21............8715
    Removed........................................................54656
11.33 Table revised................................................15428

                                  2022

  (Regulations published from January 1, 2022, through October 1, 2022)

50 CFR
                                                                   87 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
11.33 Table revised................................................13949
12.36 (c) amended....................................................879

[[Page 146]]

13.11 (b)(1) amended.................................................880
13.12 (b) table amended..............................................880
13.24 (c) amended....................................................880
13.25 (b) introductory text and (f) amended..........................880


                                  [all]