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Public Lands: Interior
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2017-10-01
2017-10-01
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ONSHORE OIL AND GAS UNIT AGREEMENTS: UNPROVEN AREAS
3180

PART 3180
Public Lands: Interior
Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued)
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000)
Pt. 3180

PART 3180—ONSHORE OIL AND GAS UNIT AGREEMENTS: UNPROVEN AREAS

Note:
Many existing unit agreements currently in effect specifically refer to the United States Geological Survey, USGS, Minerals Management Service, MMS, Supervisor, Conservation Manager, Deputy Conservation Manager, Minerals Manager and Deputy Minerals Manager in the body of the agreements, as well as references to 30 CFR part 221 or specific sections thereof. Those references shall now be read in the context of Secretarial Order 3087 and now mean either the Bureau of Land Management or Minerals Management Service, as appropriate.

Subpart 3180—Onshore Oil and Gas Unit Agreements: General
Sec.
3180.0-1
Purpose.
3180.0-2
Policy.
3180.0-3
Authority.
3180.0-5
Definitions.

Subpart 3181—Application for Unit Agreement
3181.1
Preliminary consideration of unit agreement.
3181.2
Designation of unit area; depth of test well.
3181.3
Parties to unit agreement.
3181.4
Inclusion of non-Federal lands.
3181.5
Compensatory royalty payment for unleased Federal land.

Subpart 3182—Qualifications of Unit Operator
3182.1
Qualifications of unit operator.

Subpart 3183—Filing and Approval of Documents
3183.1
Where to file papers.
3183.2
Designation of area.
3183.3
Executed agreements.
3183.4
Approval of executed agreement.
3183.5
Participating area.
3183.6
Plan of development.
3183.7
Return of approved documents.
Subpart 3184 [Reserved]

Subpart 3185—Appeals
3185.1
Appeals.

Subpart 3186—Model Forms
3186.1
Model onshore unit agreement for unproven areas.
3186.1-1
Model Exhibit “A.”
3186.1-2
Model Exhibit “B.”
3186.2
Model collective bond.
3186.3
Model for designation of successor unit operator by working interest owners.
3186.4
Model for change in unit operator by assignment.

Authority:
30 U.S.C. 189.

Source:
48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983, unless otherwise noted. Redesignated at 48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983.

Subpart 3180—Onshore Oil and Gas Unit Agreements: General
§ 3180.0-1
Purpose.
The regulations in this part prescribe the procedures to be followed and the requirements to be met by the owners of any right, title or interest in Federal oil and gas leases (see § 3160.0-5 of this title) and their representatives who wish to unite with each other, or jointly or separately with others, in collectively adopting and operating under a unit plan for the development of any oil or gas pool, field or like area, or any part thereof. All unit agreements on Federal leases are subject to the regulations contained in part 3160 of this title, Onshore Oil and Gas Operations. All unit operations on non-Federal lands included within Federal unit plans are subject to the reporting requirements of part 3160 of this title.
[48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983]
§ 3180.0-2
Policy.
Subject to the supervisory authority of the Secretary of the Interior, the administration of the regulations in this part shall be under the jurisdiction of the authorized officer. In the exercise of his/her discretion, the authorized officer shall be subject to the direction and supervisory authority of the Director, Bureau of Land Management, who may exercise the jurisdiction of the authorized officer.
[48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983]
§ 3180.0-3
Authority.
The Mineral Leasing Act, as amended and supplemented (30 U.S.C. 181, 189, 226(e) and 226(j)), and Order Number 3087, dated December 3, 1982, as amended on February 7, 1983 (48 FR 8983), under which the Secretary consolidated and transferred the onshore minerals management functions of the Department, except mineral revenue functions and the responsibility for leasing of restricted Indian lands, to the Bureau of Land Management.
[48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983]
§ 3180.0-5
Definitions.
The following terms, as used in this part or in any unit agreement approved under the regulations in this part, shall have the meanings here indicated unless otherwise defined in such unit agreement:
Federal lease. A lease issued under the Act of February 25, 1920, as amended (30 U.S.C. 181, et seq.); the Act of May 21, 1930 (30 U.S.C. 351-359); the Act of August 7, 1947 (30 U.S.C. 351, et seq.); or the Act of November 16, 1981 (Pub. L. 97-98, 95 Stat. 1070).
Participating area. That part of a unit area which is considered reasonably proven to be productive of unitized substances in paying quantities or which is necessary for unit operations and to which production is allocated in the manner prescribed in the unit agreement.
Unit area. The area described in an agreement as constituting the land logically subject to exploration and/or development under such agreement.
Unitized land. Those lands and formations within a unit area which are committed to an approved agreement or plan.
Unitized substances. Deposits of oil and gas contained in the unitized land which are recoverable in paying quantities by operation under and pursuant to an agreement.
Working interest. An interest held in unitized substances or in lands containing the same by virtue of a lease, operating agreement, fee title, or otherwise, under which, except as otherwise provided in the agreement, the owner of such interest is vested with the right to explore for, develop, and produce such substances. The rights delegated to the unit operator by the unit agreement are not regarded as a working interest.
[48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983. Redesignated and amended at 48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983; 51 FR 34603, Sept. 30, 1986]

Subpart 3181—Application for Unit Agreement
§ 3181.1
Preliminary consideration of unit agreement.
The model unit agreement set forth in § 3186.1 of this title, is acceptable for use in unproven areas. Unique situations requiring special provisions should be clearly identified, since these and other special conditions may necessitate a modification of the model unit agreement set forth in § 3186.1 of this title. Any proposed special provisions or other modifications of the model agreement should be submitted for preliminary consideration so that any necessary revision may be prescribed prior to execution by the interested parties. Where Federal lands constitute less than 10 percent of the total unit area, a non-Federal unit agreement may be used. Upon submission of such an agreement, the authorized officer will take appropriate action to commit the Federal lands.
§ 3181.2
Designation of unit area; depth of test well.
An application for designation of an area as logically subject to development under a unit agreement and for determination of the depth of a test well may be filed by a proponent of such an agreement at the proper BLM office. Such application shall be accompanied by a map or diagram on a scale of not less than 2 inches to 1 mile, outlining the area sought to be designated under this section. The Federal, State, Indian and privately owned land should be indicated by distinctive symbols or colors. Federal and Indian oil and gas leases and lease applications should be identified by lease serial numbers. Geologic information, including the results of any geophysical surveys, and any other available information showing that unitization is necessary and advisable in the public interest should be furnished. All information submitted under this section is subject to part 2 of this title, which sets forth the rules of the Department of the Interior relating to public availability of information contained in Departmental records, as provided under this part at § 3100.4 of this chapter. These data will be considered by the authorized officer and the applicant will be informed of the decision reached. The designation of an area, pursuant to an application filed under this section, shall not create an exclusive right to submit an agreement for such area, nor preclude the inclusion of such area or any party thereof in another unit area.
[48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983. Redesignated at 48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983, and amended at 63 FR 52953, Oct. 1, 1998]
§ 3181.3
Parties to unit agreement.
The owners of any right, title, or interest in the oil and gas deposits to be unitized are regarded as proper parties to a proposed agreement. All such parties must be invited to join the agreement. If any party fails or refuses to join the agreement, the proponent of the agreement, at the time it is filed for approval, must submit evidence of reasonable effort made to obtain joinder of such party and, when requested, the reasons for such nonjoinders. The address of each signatory party to the agreement should be inserted below the signature. Each signature should be attested by at least one witness if not notarized. The signing parties may execute any number of counterparts of the agreement with the same force and effect as if all parties signed the same document, or may execute a ratification or consent in a separate instrument with like force and effect.
§ 3181.4
Inclusion of non-Federal lands.
(a) Where State-owned land is to be unitized with Federal lands, approval of the agreement by appropriate State officials must be obtained prior to its submission to the proper BLM office for final approval. When authorized by the laws of the State in which the unitized land is situated, appropriate provision may be made in the agreement, recognizing such laws to the extent that they are applicable to non-Federal unitized land.
(b) When Indian lands are included, modification of the unit agreement will be required where appropriate. Approval of an agreement containing Indian lands by the Bureau of Indian Affairs must be obtained prior to final approval by the authorized officer.
§ 3181.5
Compensatory royalty payment for unleased Federal land.
The unit agreement submitted by the unit proponent for approval by the authorized officer shall provide for payment to the Federal Government of a 121/2 percent royalty on production that would be attributable to unleased Federal lands in a PA of the unit if said lands were leased and committed to the unit agreement. The value of production subject to compensatory royalty payment shall be determined pursuant to 30 CFR part 206, provided that no additional royalty shall be due on any production subject to compensatory royalty under this provision.
[58 FR 58632, Nov. 2, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 16999, Apr. 11, 1994]

Subpart 3182—Qualifications of Unit Operator
§ 3182.1
Qualifications of unit operator.
A unit operator must qualify as to citizenship in the same manner as those holding interests in Federal oil and gas leases under the regulations at subpart 3102 of this title. The unit operator may be an owner of a working interest in the unit area or such other party as may be selected by the owners of working interests. The unit operator shall execute an acceptance of the duties and obligations imposed by the agreement. No designation of or change in a unit operator will become effective until approved by the authorized officer, and no such approval will be granted unless the successor unit operator is deemed qualified to fulfill the duties and obligations prescribed in the agreement.

Subpart 3183—Filing and Approval of Documents
§ 3183.1
Where to file papers.
All papers, instruments, documents, and proposals submitted under this part shall be filed in the proper BLM office.
[48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983. Redesignated at 48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983, and amended at 51 FR 34603, Sept. 30, 1986]
§ 3183.2
Designation of area.
An application for designation of a proposed unit area and determination of the required depth of test well(s) shall be filed in duplicate. A like number of counterparts should be filed of any geologic data and any other information submitted in support of such application.
§ 3183.3
Executed agreements.
Where a duly executed agreement is submitted for final approval, a minimum of four signed counterparts should be filed. The number of counterparts to be filed for supplementing, modifying, or amending an existing agreement, including change of unit operator, designation of new unit operator, establishment or revision of a participating area, and termination shall be prescribed by the authorized officer.
§ 3183.4
Approval of executed agreement.
(a) A unit agreement shall be approved by the authorized officer upon a determination that such agreement is necessary or advisable in the public interest and is for the purpose of more properly conserving natural resources. Such approval shall be incorporated in a Certification-Determination document appended to the agreement (see § 3186.1 of this part for an example), and the unit agreement shall not be deemed effective until the authorized officer has executed the Certification-Determination document. No such agreement shall be approved unless the parties signatory to the agreement hold sufficient interests in the unit area to provide reasonably effective control of operations.
(b) The public interest requirement of an approved unit agreement for unproven areas shall be satisfied only if the unit operator commences actual drilling operations and thereafter diligently prosecutes such operations in accordance with the terms of said agreement. If an application is received for voluntary termination of a unit agreement for an unproven area during its fixed term or such an agreement automatically expires at the end of its fixed term without the public interest requirement having been satisfied, the approval of that agreement by the authorized officer and lease segregations and extensions under § 3107.3-2 of this title shall be invalid, and no Federal lease shall be eligible for extensions under § 3107.4 of this title.
(c) Any modification of an approved agreement shall require the prior approval of the authorized officer.
[53 FR 17365, May 16, 1988, as amended at 58 FR 58633, Nov. 2, 1993]
§ 3183.5
Participating area.
Two counterparts of a substantiating geologic report, including structure-contour map, cross sections, and pertinent data, shall accompany each application for approval of a participating area or revision thereof under an approved agreement.
[48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983. Redesignated at 48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983, and further redesignated at 53 FR 17365, May 16, 1988]
§ 3183.6
Plan of development.
Three counterparts of all plans of development and operation shall be submitted for approval under an approved agreement.
[48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983. Redesignated at 48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983, and further redesignated at 53 FR 17365, May 16, 1988]
§ 3183.7
Return of approved documents.
One approved counterpart of each instrument or document submitted for approval will be returned to the unit operator by the authorized officer or his representative, together with such additional counterparts as may have been furnished for that purpose.
[48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983. Redesignated at 48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983, and amended at 51 FR 34603, Sept. 30, 1986. Further redesignated at 53 FR 17365, May 16, 1988]
Subpart 3184 [Reserved]

Subpart 3185—Appeals
§ 3185.1
Appeals.
Any party adversely affected by an instruction, order, or decision issued under the regulations in this part may request an administrative review before the State Director under § 3165.3 of this title. Any party adversely affected by a decision of the State Director after State Director review may appeal that decision as provided in part 4 of this title.
[58 FR 58633, Nov. 2, 1993]

Subpart 3186—Model Forms
§ 3186.1
Model onshore unit agreement for unproven areas.

Introductory Section
1 Enabling Act and Regulations.
2 Unit Area.
3 Unitized Land and Unitized Substances.
4 Unit Operator.
5 Resignation or Removal of Unit Operator.
6 Successor Unit Operator.
7 Accounting Provisions and Unit Operating Agreement.
8 Rights and Obligations of Unit Operator.
9 Drilling to Discovery.
10 Plan of Further Development and Operation.
11 Participation After Discovery.
12 Allocation of Production.
13 Development or Operation of Nonparticipating Land or Formations.
14 Royalty Settlement.
15 Rental Settlement.
16 Conservation.
17 Drainage.
18 Leases and Contracts Conformed and Extended.
19 Convenants Run with Land.
20 Effective Date and Term.
21 Rate of Prospecting, Development, and Production.
22 Appearances.
23 Notices.
24 No Waiver of Certain Rights.
25 Unavoidable Delay.
26 Nondiscrimination.
27 Loss of Title.
28 Nonjoinder and Subsequent Joinder.
29 Counterparts.
30 Surrender. ^1
31 Taxes. ^1
32 No Partnership. ^1

Concluding Section IN WITNESS WHEREOF.

General Guidelines.

Certification—Determination.

UNIT AGREEMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF THE
Unit area
County of
State of
No.
This agreement, entered into as of the ______ day of ______, 19__ by and between the parties subscribing, ratifying, or consenting hereto, and herein referred to as the “parties hereto,”
^1 Optional sections (in addition the penultimate paragraph of Section 9 is to be included only when more than one obligation well is required and paragraph (h) of section 18 is to be used only when applicable).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the parties hereto are the owners of working, royalty, or other oil and gas interests in the unit area subject to this agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Mineral Leasing Act of February 25, 1920, 41 Stat. 437, as amended, 30 U.S.C. Sec. 181 et seq., authorizes Federal lessees and their representatives to unite with each other, or jointly or separately with others, in collectively adopting and operating under a unit plan of development or operations of any oil and gas pool, field, or like area, or any part thereof for the purpose of more properly conserving the natural resources thereof whenever determined and certified by the Secretary of the Interior to be necessary or advisable in the public interest; and
WHEREAS, the parties hereto hold sufficient interests in the _____ Unit Area covering the land hereinafter described to give reasonably effective control of operations therein; and
WHEREAS, it is the purpose of the parties hereto to conserve natural resources, prevent waste, and secure other benefits obtainable through development and operation of the area subject to this agreement under the terms, conditions, and limitations herein set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the promises herein contained, the parties hereto commit to this agreement their respective interests in the below-defined unit area, and agree severally among themselves as follows:
1. ENABLING ACT AND REGULATIONS. The Mineral Leasing Act of February 25, 1920, as amended, supra, and all valid pertinent regulations including operating and unit plan regulations, heretofore issued thereunder or valid, pertinent, and reasonable regulations hereafter issued thereunder are accepted and made a part of this agreement as to Federal lands, provided such regulations are not inconsistent with the terms of this agreement; and as to non-Federal lands, the oil and gas operating regulations in effect as of the effective date hereof governing drilling and producing operations, not inconsistent with the terms hereof or the laws of the State in which the non-Federal land is located, are hereby accepted and made a part of this agreement.
2. UNIT AREA. The area specified on the map attached hereto marked Exhibit A is hereby designated and recognized as constituting the unit area, containing ___ acres, more or less.
Exhibit A shows, in addition to the boundary of the unit area, the boundaries and identity of tracts and leases in said area to the extent known to the Unit Operator. Exhibit B attached hereto is a schedule showing to the extent known to the Unit Operator, the acreage, percentage, and kind of ownership of oil and gas interests in all lands in the unit area. However, nothing herein or in Exhibits A or B shall be construed as a representation by any party hereto as to the ownership of any interest other than such interest or interests as are shown in the Exhibits as owned by such party. Exhibits A and B shall be revised by the Unit Operator whenever changes in the unit area or in the ownership interests in the individual tracts render such revision necessary, or when requested by the Authorized Officer, hereinafter referred to as AO and not less than four copies of the revised Exhibits shall be filed with the proper BLM office.
The above-described unit area shall when practicable be expanded to include therein any additional lands or shall be contracted to exclude lands whenever such expansion or contraction is deemed to be necessary or advisable to conform with the purposes of this agreement. Such expansion or contraction shall be effected in the following manner:
(a) Unit Operator, on its own motion (after preliminary concurrence by the AO), or on demand of the AO, shall prepare a notice of proposed expansion or contraction describing the contemplated changes in the boundaries of the unit area, the reasons therefor, any plans for additional drilling, and the proposed effective date of the expansion or contraction, preferably the first day of a month subsequent to the date of notice.
(b) Said notice shall be delivered to the proper BLM office, and copies thereof mailed to the last known address of each working interest owner, lessee and lessor whose interests are affected, advising that 30 days will be allowed for submission to the Unit Operator of any objections.
(c) Upon expiration of the 30-day period provided in the preceding item (b) hereof, Unit Operator shall file with the AO evidence of mailing of the notice of expansion or contraction and a copy of any objections thereto which have been filed with Unit Operator, together with an application in triplicate, for approval of such expansion or contraction and with appropriate joinders.
(d) After due consideration of all pertinent information, the expansion or contraction shall, upon approval by the AO, become effective as of the date prescribed in the notice thereof or such other appropriate date.
(e) All legal subdivisions of lands (i.e., 40 acres by Government survey or its nearest lot or tract equivalent; in instances of irregular surveys, unusually large lots or tracts shall be considered in multiples of 40 acres or the nearest aliquot equivalent thereof), no parts of which are in or entitled to be in a participating area on or before the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the first initial participating area established under this unit agreement, shall be eliminated automatically from this agreement, effective as of said fifth anniversary, and such lands shall no longer be a part of the unit area and shall no longer be subject to this agreement, unless diligent drilling operations are in progress on unitized lands not entitled to participation on said fifth anniversary, in which event all such lands shall remain subject hereto for so long as such drilling operations are continued diligently, with not more than 90-days time elapsing between the completion of one such well and the commencement of the next such well. All legal subdivisions of lands not entitled to be in a participating area within 10 years after the effective date of the first initial participating area approved under this agreement shall be automatically eliminated from this agreement as of said tenth anniversary. The Unit Operator shall, within 90 days after the effective date of any elimination hereunder, describe the area so eliminated to the satisfaction of the AO and promptly notify all parties in interest. All lands reasonably proved productive of unitized substances in paying quantities by diligent drilling operations after the aforesaid 5-year period shall become participating in the same manner as during said first 5-year period. However, when such diligent drilling operations cease, all nonparticipating lands not then entitled to be in a participating area shall be automatically eliminated effective as the 91st day thereafter.
Any expansion of the unit area pursuant to this section which embraces lands theretofore eliminated pursuant to this subsection 2(e) shall not be considered automatic commitment or recommitment of such lands. If conditions warrant extension of the 10-year period specified in this subsection, a single extension of not to exceed 2 years may be accomplished by consent of the owners of 90 percent of the working interest in the current nonparticipating unitized lands and the owners of 60 percent of the basic royalty interests (exclusive of the basic royalty interests of the United States) in nonparticipating unitized lands with approval of the AO, provided such extension application is submitted not later than 60 days prior to the expiration of said 10-year period.
3. UNITIZED LAND AND UNITIZED SUBSTANCES. All land now or hereafter committed to this agreement shall constitute land referred to herein as “unitized land” or “land subject to this agreement.” All oil and gas in any and all formations of the unitized land are unitized under the terms of this agreement and herein are called “unitized substances.”
4. UNIT OPERATOR. _____ is hereby designated as Unit Operator and by signature hereto as Unit Operator agrees and consents to accept the duties and obligations of Unit Operator for the discovery, development, and production of unitized substances as herein provided. Whenever reference is made herein to the Unit Operator, such reference means the Unit Operator acting in that capacity and not as an owner of interest in unitized substances, and the term “working interest owner” when used herein shall include or refer to Unit Operator as the owner of a working interest only when such an interest is owned by it.
5. RESIGNATION OR REMOVAL OF UNIT OPERATOR. Unit Operator shall have the right to resign at any time prior to the establishment of a participating area or areas hereunder, but such resignation shall not become effective so as to release Unit Operator from the duties and obligations of Unit Operator and terminate Unit Operator's rights as such for a period of 6 months after notice of intention to resign has been served by Unit Operator on all working interest owners and the AO and until all wells then drilled hereunder are placed in a satisfactory condition for suspension or abandonment, whichever is required by the AO, unless a new Unit Operator shall have been selected and approved and shall have taken over and assumed the duties and obligations of Unit Operator prior to the expiration of said period.
Unit Operator shall have the right to resign in like manner and subject to like limitations as above provided at any time after a participating area established hereunder is in existence, but in all instances of resignation or removal, until a successor Unit Operator is selected and approved as hereinafter provided, the working interest owners shall be jointly responsible for performance of the duties of Unit Operator, and shall not later than 30 days before such resignation or removal becomes effective appoint a common agent to represent them in any action to be taken hereunder.
The resignation of Unit Operator shall not release Unit Operator from any liability for any default by it hereunder occurring prior to the effective date of its resignation.
The Unit Operator may, upon default or failure in the performance of its duties or obligations hereunder, be subject to removal by the same percentage vote of the owners of working interests as herein provided for the selection of a new Unit Operator. Such removal shall be effective upon notice thereof to the AO.
The resignation or removal of Unit Operator under this agreement shall not terminate its right, title, or interest as the owner of working interest or other interest in unitized substances, but upon the resignation or removal of Unit Operator becoming effective, such Unit Operator shall deliver possession of all wells, equipment, materials, and appurtenances used in conducting the unit operations to the new duly qualified successor Unit Operator or to the common agent, if no such new Unit Operator is selected to be used for the purpose of conducting unit operations hereunder. Nothing herein shall be construed as authorizing removal of any material, equipment, or appurtenances needed for the preservation of any wells.
6. SUCCESSOR UNIT OPERATOR. Whenever the Unit Operator shall tender his or its resignation as Unit Operator or shall be removed as hereinabove provided, or a change of Unit Operator is negotiated by the working interest owners, the owners of the working interests according to their respective acreage interests in all unitized land shall, pursuant to the Approval of the Parties requirements of the unit operating agreement, select a successor Unit Operator. Such selection shall not become effective until:
(a) a Unit Operator so selected shall accept in writing the duties and responsibilities of Unit Operator, and
(b) the selection shall have been approved by the AO.
If no successor Unit Operator is selected and qualified as herein provided, the AO at his election may declare this unit agreement terminated.
7. ACCOUNTING PROVISIONS AND UNIT OPERATING AGREEMENT. If the Unit Operator is not the sole owner of working interests, costs and expenses incurred by Unit Operator in conducting unit operations hereunder shall be paid and apportioned among and borne by the owners of working interests, all in accordance with the agreement or agreements entered into by and between the Unit Operator and the owners of working interests, whether one or more, separately or collectively. Any agreement or agreements entered into between the working interest owners and the Unit Operator as provided in this section, whether one or more, are herein referred to as the “unit operating agreement.” Such unit operating agreement shall also provide the manner in which the working interest owners shall be entitled to receive their respective proportionate and allocated share of the benefits accruing hereto in conformity with their underlying operating agreements, leases, or other independent contracts, and such other rights and obligations as between Unit Operator and the working interest owners as may be agreed upon by Unit Operator and the working interest owners; however, no such unit operating agreement shall be deemed either to modify any of the terms and conditions of this unit agreement or to relieve the Unit Operator of any right or obligation established under this unit agreement, and in case of any inconsistency or conflict between this agreement and the unit operating agreement, this agreement shall govern. Two copies of any unit operating agreement executed pursuant to this section shall be filed in the proper BLM office prior to approval of this unit agreement.
8. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF UNIT OPERATOR. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, the exclusive right, privilege, and duty of exercising any and all rights of the parties hereto which are necessary or convenient for prospecting for, producing, storing, allocating, and distributing the unitized substances are hereby delegated to and shall be exercised by the Unit Operator as herein provided. Acceptable evidence of title to said rights shall be deposited with Unit Operator and, together with this agreement, shall constitute and define the rights, privileges, and obligations of Unit Operator. Nothing herein, however, shall be construed to transfer title to any land or to any lease or operating agreement, it being understood that under this agreement the Unit Operator, in its capacity as Unit Operator, shall exercise the rights of possession and use vested in the parties hereto only for the purposes herein specified.
9. DRILLING TO DISCOVERY. Within 6 months after the effective date hereof, the Unit Operator shall commence to drill an adequate test well at a location approved by the AO, unless on such effective date a well is being drilled in conformity with the terms hereof, and thereafter continue such drilling diligently until the ___ formation has been tested or until at a lesser depth unitized substances shall be discovered which can be produced in paying quantities (to wit: quantities sufficient to repay the costs of drilling, completing, and producing operations, with a reasonable profit) or the Unit Operator shall at any time establish to the satisfaction of the AO that further drilling of said well would be unwarranted or impracticable, provided, however, that Unit Operator shall not in any event be required to drill said well to a depth in excess of __ feet. Until the discovery of unitized substances capable of being produced in paying quantities, the Unit Operator shall continue drilling one well at a time, allowing not more than 6 months between the completion of one well and the commencement of drilling operations for the next well, until a well capable of producing unitized substances in paying quantities is completed to the satisfaction of the AO or until it is reasonably proved that the unitized land is incapable of producing unitized substances in paying quantities in the formations drilled hereunder. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit the right of the Unit Operator to resign as provided in Section 5, hereof, or as requiring Unit Operator to commence or continue any drilling during the period pending such resignation becoming effective in order to comply with the requirements of this section.
The AO may modify any of the drilling requirements of this section by granting reasonable extensions of time when, in his opinion, such action is warranted.
^2 9a. Multiple well requirements. Notwithstanding anything in this unit agreement to the contrary, except Section 25, UNAVOIDABLE DELAY, __ wells shall be drilled with not more than 6-months time elapsing between the completion of the first well and commencement of drilling operations for the second well and with not more than 6-months time elapsing between completion of the second well and the commencement of drilling operations for the third well, . . . regardless of whether a discovery has been made in any well drilled under this provision. Both the initial well and the second well must be drilled in compliance with the above specified formation or depth requirements in order to meet the dictates of this section; and the second well must be located a minimum of __ miles from the initial well in order to be accepted by the AO as the second unit test well, within the meaning of this section. The third test well shall be diligently drilled, at a location approved by the AO, to test the ___ formation or to a depth of __ feet, whichever is the lesser, and must be located a minimum of __ miles from both the initial and the second test wells. Nevertheless, in the event of the discovery of unitized substances in paying quantities by any well, this unit agreement shall not terminate for failure to complete the ___ well program, but the unit area shall be contracted automatically, effective the first day of the month following the default, to eliminate by subdivisions (as defined in Section 2(e) hereof) all lands not then entitled to be in a participating area. ^2
^2 Provisions to be included only when a multiple well obligation is required.
Until the establishment of a participating area, the failure to commence a well subsequent to the drilling of the initial obligation well, or in the case of multiple well requirements, if specified, subsequent to the drilling of those multiple wells, as provided for in this (these) section(s), within the time allowed including any extension of time granted by the AO, shall cause this agreement to terminate automatically. Upon failure to continue drilling diligently any well other than the obligation well(s) commenced hereunder, the AO may, after 15 days notice to the Unit Operator, declare this unit agreement terminated. Failure to commence drilling the initial obligation well, or the first of multiple obligation wells, on time and to drill it diligently shall result in the unit agreement approval being declared invalid ab initio by the AO. In the case of multiple well requirements, failure to commence drilling the required multiple wells beyond the first well, and to drill them diligently, may result in the unit agreement approval being declared invalid ab initio by the AO;
10. PLAN OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION. Within 6 months after completion of a well capable of producing unitized substances in paying quantities, the Unit Operator shall submit for the approval of the AO an acceptable plan of development and operation for the unitized land which, when approved by the authorized officier, shall constitute the further drilling and development obligations of the Unit Operator under this agreement for the period specified therein. Thereafter, from time to time before the expiration of any existing plan, the Unit Operator shall submit for the approval of the AO a plan for an additional specified period for the development and operation of the unitized land. Subsequent plans should normally be filed on a calendar year basis not later than March 1 each year. Any proposed modification or addition to the existing plan should be filed as a supplement to the plan.
Any plan submitted pursuant to this section shall provide for the timely exploration of the unitized area, and for the diligent drilling necessary for determination of the area or areas capable of producing unitized substances in paying quantities in each and every productive formation. This plan shall be as complete and adequate as the AO may determine to be necessary for timely development and proper conservation of the oil and gas resources in the unitized area and shall:
(a) Specify the number and locations of any wells to be drilled and the proposed order and time for such drilling; and
(b) Provide a summary of operations and production for the previous year.
Plans shall be modified or supplemented when necessary to meet changed conditions or to protect the interests of all parties to this agreement. Reasonable diligence shall be exercised in complying with the obligations of the approved plan of development and operation. The AO is authorized to grant a reasonable extension of the 6-month period herein prescribed for submission of an initial plan of development and operation where such action is justified because of unusual conditions or circumstances.
After completion of a well capable of producing unitized substances in paying quantities, no further wells, except such as may be necessary to afford protection against operations not under this agreement and such as may be specifically approved by the AO, shall be drilled except in accordance with an approved plan of development and operation.
11. PARTICIPATION AFTER DISCOVERY. Upon completion of a well capable of producing unitized substances in paying quantities, or as soon thereafter as required by the AO, the Unit Operator shall submit for approval by the AO, a schedule, based on subdivisions of the public-land survey or aliquot parts thereof, of all land then regarded as reasonably proved to be productive of unitized substances in paying quantities. These lands shall constitute a participating area on approval of the AO, effective as of the date of completion of such well or the effective date of this unit agreement, whichever is later. The acreages of both Federal and non-Federal lands shall be based upon appropriate computations from the courses and distances shown on the last approved public-land survey as of the effective date of each initial participating area. The schedule shall also set forth the percentage of unitized substances to be allocated, as provided in Section 12, to each committed tract in the participating area so established, and shall govern the allocation of production commencing with the effective date of the participating area. A different participating area shall be established for each separate pool or deposit of unitized substances or for any group thereof which is produced as a single pool or zone, and any two or more participating areas so established may be combined into one, on approval of the AO. When production from two or more participating areas is subsequently found to be from a common pool or deposit, the participating areas shall be combined into one, effective as of such appropriate date as may be approved or prescribed by the AO. The participating area or areas so established shall be revised from time to time, subject to the approval of the AO, to include additional lands then regarded as reasonably proved to be productive of unitized substances in paying quantities or which are necessary for unit operations, or to exclude lands then regarded as reasonably proved not to be productive of unitized substances in paying quantities, and the schedule of allocation percentages shall be revised accordingly. The effective date of any revision shall be the first of the month in which the knowledge or information is obtained on which such revision is predicated; provided, however, that a more appropriate effective date may be used if justified by Unit Operator and approved by the AO. No land shall be excluded from a participating area on account of depletion of its unitized substances, except that any participating area established under the provisions of this unit agreement shall terminate automatically whenever all completions in the formation on which the participating area is based are abandoned.
It is the intent of this section that a participating area shall represent the area known or reasonably proved to be productive of unitized substances in paying quantities or which are necessary for unit operations; but, regardless of any revision of the participating area, nothing herein contained shall be construed as requiring any retroactive adjustment for production obtained prior to the effective date of the revision of the participating area.
In the absence of agreement at any time between the Unit Operator and the AO as to the proper definition or redefinition of a participating area, or until a participating area has, or areas have, been established, the portion of all payments affected thereby shall, except royalty due the United States, be impounded in a manner mutually acceptable to the owners of committed working interests. Royalties due the United States shall be determined by the AO and the amount thereof shall be deposited, as directed by the AO, until a participating area is finally approved and then adjusted in accordance with a determination of the sum due as Federal royalty on the basis of such approved participating area.
Whenever it is determined, subject to the approval of the AO, that a well drilled under this agreement is not capable of production of unitized substances in paying quantities and inclusion in a participating area of the land on which it is situated is unwarranted, production from such well shall, for the purposes of settlement among all parties other than working interest owners, be allocated to the land on which the well is located, unless such land is already within the participating area established for the pool or deposit from which such production is obtained. Settlement for working interest benefits from such a nonpaying unit well shall be made as provided in the unit operating agreement.
12. ALLOCATION OF PRODUCTION. All unitized substances produced from a participating area established under this agreement, except any part thereof used in conformity with good operating practices within the unitized area for drilling, operating, and other production or development purposes, or for repressuring or recycling in accordance with a plan of development and operations that has been approved by the AO, or unavoidably lost, shall be deemed to be produced equally on an acreage basis from the several tracts of unitized land and unleased Federal land, if any, included in the participating area established for such production. Each such tract shall have allocated to it such percentage of said production as the number of acres of such tract included in said participating area bears to the total acres of unitized land and unleased Federal land, if any, included in said participating area. There shall be allocated to the working interest owner(s) of each tract of unitized land in said participating area, in addition, such percentage of the production attributable to the unleased Federal land within the participating area as the number of acres of such unitized tract included in said participating area bears to the total acres of unitized land in said participating area, for the payment of the compensatory royalty specified in section 17 of this agreement. Allocation of production hereunder for purposes other than for settlement of the royalty, overriding royalty, or payment out of production obligations of the respective working interest owners, including compensatory royalty obligations under section 17, shall be prescribed as set forth in the unit operating agreement or as otherwise mutually agreed by the affected parties. It is hereby agreed that production of unitized substances from a participating area shall be allocated as provided herein, regardless or whether any wells are drilled on any particular part or tract of the participating area. If any gas produced from one participating area is used for repressuring or recycling purposes in another participating area, the first gas withdrawn from the latter participating area for sale during the life of this agreement shall be considered to be the gas so transferred, until an amount equal to that transferred shall be so produced for sale and such gas shall be allocated to the participating area from which initially produced as such area was defined at the time that such transferred gas was finally produced and sold.
13. DEVELOPMENT OR OPERATION OF NONPARTICIPATING LAND OR FORMATIONS. Any operator may with the approval of the AO, at such party's sole risk, costs, and expense, drill a well on the unitized land to test any formation provided the well is outside any participating area established for that formation, unless within 90 days of receipt of notice from said party of his intention to drill the well, the Unit Operator elects and commences to drill the well in a like manner as other wells are drilled by the Unit Operator under this agreement.
If any well drilled under this section by a non-unit operator results in production of unitized substances in paying quantities such that the land upon which it is situated may properly be included in a participating area, such participating area shall be established or enlarged as provided in this agreement and the well shall thereafter be operated by the Unit Operator in accordance with the terms of this agreement and the unit operating agreement.
If any well drilled under this section by a non-unit operator that obtains production in quantities insufficient to justify the inclusion of the land upon which such well is situated in a participating area, such well may be operated and produced by the party drilling the same, subject to the conservation requirements of this agreement. The royalties in amount or value of production from any such well shall be paid as specified in the underlying lease and agreements affected.
14. ROYALTY SETTLEMENT. The United States and any State and any royalty owner who is entitled to take in kind a share of the substances now unitized hereunder shall be hereafter be entitled to the right to take in kind its share of the unitized substances, and Unit Operator, or the non-unit operator in the case of the operation of a well by a non-unit operator as herein provided for in special cases, shall make deliveries of such royalty share taken in kind in conformity with the applicable contracts, laws, and regulations. Settlement for royalty interest not taken in kind shall be made by an operator responsible therefor under existing contracts, laws and regulations, or by the Unit Operator on or before the last day of each month for unitized substances produced during the preceding calendar month; provided, however, that nothing in this section shall operate to relieve the responsible parties of any land from their respective lease obligations for the payment of any royalties due under their leases.
If gas obtained from lands not subject to this agreement is introduced into any participating area hereunder, for use in repressuring, stimulation of production, or increasing ultimate recovery, in conformity with a plan of development and operation approved by the AO, a like amount of gas, after settlement as herein provided for any gas transferred from any other participating area and with appropriate deduction for loss from any cause, may be withdrawn from the formation into which the gas is introduced, royalty free as to dry gas, but not as to any products which may be extracted therefrom; provided that such withdrawal shall be at such time as may be provided in the approved plan of development and operation or as may otherwise be consented to by the AO as conforming to good petroleum engineering practice; and provided further, that such right of withdrawal shall terminate on the termination of this unit agreement.
Royalty due the United States shall be computed as provided in 30 CFR Group 200 and paid in value or delivered in kind as to all unitized substances on the basis of the amounts thereof allocated to unitized Federal land as provided in Section 12 at the rates specified in the respective Federal leases, or at such other rate or rates as may be authorized by law or regulation and approved by the AO; provided, that for leases on which the royalty rate depends on the daily average production per well, said average production shall be determined in accordance with the operating regulations as though each participating area were a single consolidated lease.
15. RENTAL SETTLEMENT. Rental or minimum royalties due on leases committed hereto shall be paid by the appropriate parties under existing contracts, laws, and regulations, provided that nothing herein contained shall operate to relieve the responsible parties of the land from their respective obligations for the payment of any rental or minimum royalty due under their leases. Rental or minimum royalty for lands of the United States subject to this agreement shall be paid at the rate specified in the respective leases from the United States unless such rental or minimum royalty is waived, suspended, or reduced by law or by approval of the Secretary or his duly authorized representative.
With respect to any lease on non-Federal land containing provisions which would terminate such lease unless drilling operations are commenced upon the land covered thereby within the time therein specified or rentals are paid for the privilege of deferring such drilling operations, the rentals required thereby shall, notwithstanding any other provision of this agreement, be deemed to accure and become payable during the term thereof as extended by this agreement and until the required drilling operations are commenced upon the land covered thereby, or until some portion of such land is included within a participating area.
16. CONSERVATION. Operations hereunder and production of unitized substances shall be conducted to provide for the most economical and efficient recovery of said substances without waste, as defined by or pursuant to State or Federal law or regulation.
17. DRAINAGE. (a) The Unit Operator shall take such measures as the AO deems appropriate and adequate to prevent drainage of unitized substances from unitized land by wells on land not subject to this agreement, which shall include the drilling of protective wells and which may include the payment of a fair and reasonable compensatory royalty, as determined by the AO.
(b) Whenever a participating area approved under section 11 of this agreement contains unleased Federal lands, the value of 121/2 percent of the production that would be allocated to such Federal lands under section 12 of this agreement, if such lands were leased, committed, and entitled to participation, shall be payable as compensatory royalties to the Federal Government. Parties to this agreement holding working interests in committed leases within the applicable participating area shall be responsible for such compensatory royalty payment on the volume of production reallocated from the unleased Federal lands to their unitized tracts under section 12. The value of such production subject to the payment of said royalties shall be determined pursuant to 30 CFR part 206. Payment of compensatory royalties on the production reallocated from unleased Federal land to the committed tracts within the participating area shall fulfill the Federal royalty obligation for such production, and said production shall be subject to no further royalty assessment under section 14 of this agreement. Payment of compensatory royalties as provided herein shall accrue from the date the committed tracts in the participating area that includes unleased Federal lands receive a production allocation, and shall be due and payable monthly by the last day of the calendar month next following the calendar month of actual production. If leased Federal lands receiving a production allocation from the participating area become unleased, compensatory royalties shall accrue from the date the Federal lands become unleased. Payment due under this provision shall end when the unleased Federal tract is leased or when production of unitized substances ceases within the participating area and the participating area is terminated, whichever occurs first.
18. LEASES AND CONTRACTS CONFORMED AND EXTENDED. The terms, conditions, and provisions of all leases, subleases, and other contracts relating to exploration, drilling, development or operation for oil or gas on lands committed to this agreement are hereby expressly modified and amended to the extent necessary to make the same conform to the provisions hereof, but otherwise to remain in full force and effect; and the parties hereto hereby consent that the Secretary shall and by his approval hereof, or by the approval hereof by his duly authorized representative, does hereby establish, alter, change, or revoke the drilling, producing, rental, minimum royalty, and royalty requirements of Federal leases committed hereto and the regulations in respect thereto to conform said requirements to the provisions of this agreement, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, all leases, subleases, and contracts are particularly modified in accordance with the following:
(a) The development and operation of lands subject to this agreement under the terms hereof shall be deemed full performance of all obligations for development and operation with respect to each and every separately owned tract subject to this agreement, regardless of whether there is any development of any particular tract of this unit area.
(b) Drilling and producing operations performed hereunder upon any tract of unitized lands will be accepted and deemed to be performed upon and for the benefit of each and every tract of unitized land, and no lease shall be deemed to expire by reason of failure to drill or produce wells situated on the land therein embraced.
(c) Suspension of drilling or producing operations on all unitized lands pursuant to direction or consent of the AO shall be deemed to constitute such suspension pursuant to such direction or consent as to each and every tract of unitized land. A suspension of drilling or producing operations limited to specified lands shall be applicable only to such lands.
(d) Each lease, sublease, or contract relating to the exploration, drilling, development, or operation for oil or gas of lands other than those of the United States committed to this agreement which, by its terms might expire prior to the termination of this agreement, is hereby extended beyond any such term so provided therein so that it shall be continued in full force and effect for and during the term of this agreement.
(e) Any Federal lease committed hereto shall continue in force beyond the term so provided therein or by law as to the land committed so long as such lease remains subject hereto, provided that production of unitized substances in paying quantities is established under this unit agreement prior to the expiration date of the term of such lease, or in the event actual drilling operations are commenced on unitized land, in accordance with provisions of this agreement, prior to the end of the primary term of such lease and are being diligently prosecuted at that time, such lease shall be extended for 2 years, and so long thereafter as oil or gas is produced in paying quantities in accordance with the provisions of the Mineral Leasing Act, as amended.
(f) Each sublease or contract relating to the operation and development of unitized substances from lands of the United States committed to this agreement, which by its terms would expire prior to the time at which the underlying lease, as extended by the immediately preceding paragraph, will expire is hereby extended beyond any such term so provided therein so that it shall be continued in full force and effect for and during the term of the underlying lease as such term is herein extended.
(g) The segregation of any Federal lease committed to this agreement is governed by the following provision in the fourth paragraph of sec. 17(m) of the Mineral Leasing Act, as amended by the Act of September 2, 1960 (74 Stat. 781-784) (30 U.S.C. 226(m)):
“Any [Federal] lease heretofore or hereafter committed to any such [unit] plan embracing lands that are in part within and in part outside of the area covered by any such plan shall be segregated into separate leases as to the lands committed and the lands not committed as of the effective date of unitization: Provided, however, That any such lease as to the nonunitized portion shall continue in force and effect for the term thereof but for not less than two years from the date of such segregation and so long thereafter as oil or gas is produced in paying quantities.”
If the public interest requirement is not satisfied, the segregation of a lease and/or extension of a lease pursuant to 43 CFR 3107.3-2 and 43 CFR 3107.4, respectively, shall not be effective.
^3 (h) Any lease, other than a Federal lease, having only a portion of its lands committed hereto shall be segregated as to the portion committed and the portion not committed, and the provisions of such lease shall apply separately to such segregated portions commencing as of the effective date hereof. In the event any such lease provides for a lump-sum rental payment, such payment shall be prorated between the portions so segregated in proportion to the acreage of the respective tracts.
^3 Optional paragraph to be used only when applicable.
19. CONVENANTS RUN WITH LAND. The covenants herein shall be construed to be covenants running with the land with respect to the interests of the parties hereto and their successors in interest until this agreement terminates, and any grant, transfer or conveyance of interest in land or leases subject hereto shall be and hereby is conditioned upon the assumption of all privileges and obligations hereunder by the grantee, transferee, or other successor in interest. No assignment or transfer of any working interest, royalty, or other interest subject hereto shall be binding upon Unit Operator until the first day of the calendar month after Unit Operator is furnished with the original, photostatic, or certified copy of the instrument of transfer.
20. EFFECTIVE DATE AND TERM. This agreement shall become effective upon approval by the AO and shall automatically terminate 5 years from said effective date unless:
(a) Upon application by the Unit Operator such date of expiration is extended by the AO, or
(b) It is reasonably determined prior to the expiration of the fixed term or any extension thereof that the unitized land is incapable of production of unitized substances in paying quantities in the formations tested hereunder, and after notice of intention to terminate this agreement on such ground is given by the Unit Operator to all parties in interest at their last known addresses, this agreement is terminated with the approval of the AO, or
(c) A valuable discovery of unitized substances in paying quantities has been made or accepted on unitized land during said initial term or any extension thereof, in which event this agreement shall remain in effect for such term and so long thereafter as unitized substances can be produced in quantities sufficient to pay for the cost of producing same from wells on unitized land within any participating area established hereunder. Should production cease and diligent drilling or reworking operations to restore production or new production are not in progress within 60 days and production is not restored or should new production not be obtained in paying quantities on committed lands within this unit area, this agreement will automatically terminate effective the last day of the month in which the last unitized production occurred, or
(d) It is voluntarily terminated as provided in this agreement. Except as noted herein, this agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the discovery of unitized substances which can be produced in paying quantities by not less than 75 per centum, on an acreage basis, of the working interest owners signatory hereto, with the approval of the AO. The Unit Operator shall give notice of any such approval to all parties herto. If the public interest requirement is not satisfied, the approval of this unit by the AO shall be invalid.
21. RATE OF PROSPECTING, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRODUCTION. The AO is hereby vested with authority to alter or modify from time to time, in his discretion, the quantity and rate of production under this agreement when such quantity and rate are not fixed pursuant to Federal or State law, or do not conform to any Statewide voluntary conservation or allocation program which is established, recognized, and generally adhered to by the majority of operators in such State. The above authority is hereby limited to alteration or modifications which are in the public interest. The public interest to be served and the purpose thereof, must be stated in the order of alteration or modification. Without regard to the foregoing, the AO is also hereby vested with authority to alter or modify from time to time, in his discretion, the rate of prospecting and development and the quantity and rate of production under this agreement when such alteration or modification is in the interest of attaining the conservation objectives stated in this agreement and is not in violation of any applicable Federal or State law.
Powers is the section vested in the AO shall only be exercised after notice to Unit Operator and opportunity for hearing to be held not less than 15 days from notice.
22. APPEARANCES. The Unit Operator shall, after notice to other parties affected, have the right to appear for and on behalf of any and all interests affected hereby before the Department of the Interior and to appeal from orders issued under the regulations of said Department, or to apply for relief from any of said regulations, or in any proceedings relative to operations before the Department, or any other legally constituted authority; provided, however, that any other interested party shall also have the right at its own expense to be heard in any such proceeding.
23. NOTICES. All notices, demands, or statements required hereunder to be given or rendered to the parties hereto shall be in writing and shall be personally delivered to the party or parties, or sent by postpaid registered or certified mail, to the last-known address of the party or parties.
24. NO WAIVER OF CERTAIN RIGHTS. Nothing contained in this agreement shall be construed as a waiver by any party hereto of the right to assert any legal or constitutional right or defense as to the validity or invalidity of any law of the State where the unitized lands are located, or of the United States, or regulations issued thereunder in any way affecting such party, or as a waiver by any such party of any right beyond his or its authority to waive.
25. UNAVOIDABLE DELAY. All obligations under this agreement requiring the Unit Operator to commence or continue drilling, or to operate on, or produce unitized substances from any of the lands covered by this agreement, shall be suspended while the Unit Operator, despite the exercise of due care and diligence, is prevented from complying with such obligations, in whole or in part, by strikes, acts of God, Federal, State, or municipal law or agencies, unavoidable accidents, uncontrollable delays in transportation, inability to obtain necessary materials or equipment in the open market, or other matters beyond the reasonable control of the Unit Operator, whether similar to matters herein enumerated or not.
26. NONDISCRIMINATION. In connection with the performance of work under this agreement, the Unit Operator agrees to comply with all the provisions of section 202 (1) to (7) inclusive, of Executive Order 11246 (30 FR 12319), as amended, which are hereby incorporated by reference in this agreement.
27. LOSS OF TITLE. In the event title to any tract of unitized land shall fail and the true owner cannot be induced to join in this unit agreement, such tract shall be automatically regarded as not committed hereto, and there shall be such readjustment of future costs and benefits as may be required on account of the loss of such title. In the event of a dispute as to title to any royalty, working interest, or other interests subject thereto, payment or delivery on account thereof may be withheld without liability for interest until the dispute is finally settled; provided, that, as to Federal lands or leases, no payments of funds due the United States shall be withheld, but such funds shall be deposited as directed by the AO, to be held as unearned money pending final settlement of the title dispute, and then applied as earned or returned in accordance with such final settlement.
Unit Operator as such is relieved from any responsibility for any defect or failure of any title hereunder.
28. NONJOINDER AND SUBSEQUENT JOINDER. If the owner of any substantial interest in a tract within the unit area fails or refuses to subscribe or consent to this agreement, the owner of the working interest in that tract may withdraw the tract from this agreement by written notice delivered to the proper BLM office and the Unit Operator prior to the approval of this agreement by the AO. Any oil or gas interests in lands within the unit area not committed hereto prior to final approval may thereafter be committed hereto by the owner or owners thereof subscribing or consenting to this agreement, and, if the interest is a working interest, by the owner of such interest also subscribing to the unit operating agreement. After operations are commenced hereunder, the right of subsequent joinder, as provided in this section, by a working interest owner is subject to such requirements or approval(s), if any, pertaining to such joinder, as may be provided for in the unit operating agreement. After final approval hereof, joinder by a nonworking interest owner must be consented to in writing by the working interest owner committed hereto and responsible for the payment of any benefits that may accrue hereunder in behalf of such nonworking interest. A nonworking interest may not be committed to this unit agreement unless the corresponding working interest is committed hereto. Joinder to the unit agreement by a working interest owner, at any time, must be accompanied by appropriate joinder to the unit operating agreement, in order for the interest to be regarded as committed to this agreement. Except as may otherwise herein be provided, subsequent joinders to this agreement shall be effective as of the date of the filing with the AO of duly executed counterparts of all or any papers necessary to establish effective commitment of any interest and/or tract to this agreement.
29. COUNTERPARTS. This agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, no one of which needs to be executed by all parties, or may be ratified or consented to by separate instrument in writing specifically referring hereto and shall be binding upon all those parties who have executed such a counterpart, ratification, or consent hereto with the same force and effect as if all such parties had signed the same document, and regardless of whether or not it is executed by all other parties owning or claiming an interest in the lands within the above-described unit area.
^4 30. SURRENDER. Nothing in this agreement shall prohibit the exercise by any working interest owner of the right to surrender vested in such party by any lease, sublease, or operating agreement as to all or any part of the lands covered thereby, provided that each party who will or might acquire such working interest by such surrender or by forfeiture as hereafter set forth, is bound by the terms of this agreement.
^4 Optional sections and subsection. (Agreements submitted for final approval should not identify section or provision as “optional.”)
If as a result of any such surrender, the working interest rights as to such lands become vested in any party other than the fee owner of the unitized substances, said party may forfeit such rights and further benefits from operations hereunder as to said land to the party next in the chain of title who shall be and become the owner of such working interest.
If as the result of any such surrender or forfeiture working interest rights become vested in the fee owner of the unitized substances, such owner may:
(a) Accept those working interest rights subject to this agreement and the unit operating agreement; or
(b) Lease the portion of such land as is included in a participating area established hereunder subject to this agreement and the unit operating agreement; or
(c) Provide for the independent operation of any part of such land that is not then included within a participating area established hereunder.
If the fee owner of the unitized substances does not accept the working interest rights subject to this agreement and the unit operating agreement or lease such lands as above provided within 6 months after the surrendered or forfeited, working interest rights become vested in the fee owner; the benefits and obligations of operations accruing to such lands under this agreement and the unit operating agreement shall be shared by the remaining owners of unitized working interests in accordance with their respective working interest ownerships, and such owners of working interests shall compensate the fee owner of unitized substances in such lands by paying sums equal to the rentals, minimum royalties, and royalties applicable to such lands under the lease in effect when the lands were unitized.
An appropriate accounting and settlement shall be made for all benefits accruing to or payments and expenditures made or incurred on behalf of such surrendered or forfeited working interests subsequent to the date of surrender or forfeiture, and payment of any moneys found to be owing by such an accounting shall be made as between the parties within 30 days.
The exercise of any right vested in a working interest owner to reassign such working interest to the party from whom obtained shall be subject to the same conditions as set forth in this section in regard to the exercise of a right to surrender.
^4 31. TAXES. The working interest owners shall render and pay for their account and the account of the royalty owners all valid taxes on or measured by the unitized substances in and under or that may be produced, gathered and sold from the land covered by this agreement after its effective date, or upon the proceeds derived therefrom. The working interest owners on each tract shall and may charge the proper proportion of said taxes to royalty owners having interests in said-tract, and may currently retain and deduct a sufficient amount of the unitized substances or derivative products, or net proceeds thereof, from the allocated share of each royalty owner to secure reimbursement for the taxes so paid. No such taxes shall be charged to the United States or the State of __ or to any lessor who has a contract with his lessee which requires the lessee to pay such taxes.
^4 32. NO PARTNERSHIP. It is expressly agreed that the relation of the parties hereto is that of independent contractors and nothing contained in this agreement, expressed or implied, nor any operations conducted hereunder, shall create or be deemed to have created a partnership or association between the parties hereto or any of them.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this agreement to be executed and have set opposite their respective names the date of execution.
Unit Operator
Working Interest Owners
Other Interest Owners

General Guidelines
1. Executed agreement to be legally complete.
2. Agreement submitted for approval must contain Exhibit A and B in accordance with models shown in §§ 3186.1-1 and 3186.1-2 of this title.
3. Consents should be identified (in pencil) by tract numbers as listed in Exhibit B and assembled in that order as far as practical. Unit agreements submitted for approval shall include a list of the overriding royalty interest owners who have executed ratifications of the unit agreement. Subsequent joinders by overriding royalty interest owners shall be submitted in the same manner, except each must include or be accompanied by a statement that the corresponding working interest owner has consented in writing to such joinder. Original ratifications of overriding royalty owners will be kept on file by the Unit Operator or his designated agent.
4. All leases held by option should be noted on Exhibit B with an explanation as to the type of option, i.e., whether for operating rights only, for full leasehold record title, or for certain interests to be earned by performance. In all instances, optionee committing such interests is expected to exercise option promptly.
5. All owners of oil and gas interests must be invited to join the unit agreement, and statement to that effect must accompany executed agreement, together with summary of results of such invitations. A written reason for all interest owners who have not joined shall be furnished by the unit operator.
6. In the event fish and wildlife lands are included, add the following as a separate section:
“Wildlife Stipulation. Nothing in this unit agreement shall modify the special Federal lease stipulations applicable to lands under the jurisdiction of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.”
7. In the event National Forest System lands are included within the unit area, add the following as a separate section:
“Forest Land Stipulation. Notwithstanding any other terms and conditions contained in this agreement, all of the stipulations and conditions of the individual leases between the United States and its lessees or their successors or assigns embracing lands within the unit area included for the protection of lands or functions under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Agriculture shall remain in full force and effect the same as though this agreement had not been entered into, and no modification thereof is authorized except with the prior consent in writing of the Regional Forester, United States Forest Service, ___,
.”
8. In the event National Forest System lands within the Jackson Hole Area of Wyoming are included within the unit area, additional “special” stipulations may be required to be included in the unit agreement by the U.S. Forest Service, including the Jackson Hole Special Stipulation.
9. In the event reclamation lands are included, add the following as a new separate section:
“Reclamation Lands. Nothing in this agreement shall modify the special, Federal lease stipulations applicable to lands under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Reclamation.”
10. In the event a powersite is embraced in the proposed unit area, the following section should be added:
“Powersite. Nothing in this agreement shall modify the special, Federal lease stipulations applicable to lands under the jurisdiction of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.”
11. In the event special surface stipulations have been attached to any of the Federal oil and gas leases to be included, add the following as a separate section:
“Special surface stipulations. Nothing in this agreement shall modify the special Federal lease stipulations attached to the individual Federal oil leases.”
12. In the event State lands are included in the proposed unit area, add the appropriate State Lands Section as separate section.
(See § 3181.4(a) of this title).
13. In the event restricted Indian lands are involved, consult the AO regarding appropriate requirements under § 3181.4(b) of this title.

Certification—Determination
Pursuant to the authority vested in the Secretary of the Interior, under the Act approved February 25, 1920, 41 Stat. 437, as amended, 30 U.S.C. sec. 181, et seq., and delegated to (the appropriate Name and Title of the authorized officer, BLM) under the authority of 43 CFR part 3180, I do hereby:
A. Approve the attached agreement for the development and operation of the __, Unit Area, State of ___. This approval shall be invalid ab initio if the public interest requirement under § 3183.4(b) of this title is not met.
B. Certify and determine that the unit plan of development and operation contemplated in the attached agreement is necessary and advisable in the public interest for the purpose of more properly conserving the natural resources.
C. Certify and determine that the drilling, producing, rental, minimum royalty, and royalty requirements of all Federal leases committed to said agreement are hereby established altered, changed, or revoked to conform with the terms and conditions of this agreement.
Dated ____.
(Name and Title of authorized officer of the Bureau of Land Management)
[48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983. Redesignated and amended at 48 FR 36587, 36588, Aug. 12, 1983; 53 FR 17365, May 16, 1988; 53 FR 31867, 31959, Aug. 22, 1988; 58 FR 58633, Nov. 2, 1993; 59 FR 16999, Apr. 11, 1994]
§ 3186.1-1
Model Exhibit “A”.
§ 3186.1-2
Model Exhibit “B”.
Swan Unit Area, Campbell County, Wyoming
Tract No. | Description of land | No. of acres | Serial No. and expiration date of lease | Basic royalty and ownership percentage | Lessee of record | Overriding royalty and percentage | Working interest and percentage
| All in the area of T54N-R59W, 6th P.M.
| Federal Land
1 | Sec. 14: All | 1,920.00 | W-8470, 6-30-81 | U.S.: All | T.J. Cook 100% | T.J. Cook 2% | Frost Oil Co. 100%.
| Sec. 15: All
| Sec. 23: All
2 | Sec. 35: All | 640.00 | W-9123, 7-31-81 | U.S.: All | O.M. Odom 100% | O.M. Odom 1% | Deer Oil Co. 100%.
3 | Sec. 21: All | 1,280.00 | W-41345, 6-30-85 | U.S.: All | Max Pen 50% | Max Pen 1% | Frost Oil Co. 100%.
| Sec. 28: All | | | | Sam Small 50% | Sam Small 1% |
4 | Sec. 27: All | 1,280.00 | W-41679, 6-30-85 | U.S.: All | Al Preen 100% | Al Preen 2% | Deer Oil Co. 50%.
| | | | | | | Doe Oil Co.,30%
| | | | | | | Able Drilling Co. 20%.
| Sec. 33: All | | | | | | Deer Oil Co. 50%.
| | | | | | | Doe Oil Co., 30%
| | | | | | | Able Drilling Co. 20%.
5 | Sec. 26: All | 961.50 | W-52780,12-31-85 | U.S.: All | Deer Oil Co. 100% | J.G. Goodin 2% | Deer Oil Co. 100%.
| Sec. 25: Lots 3,4, SW 1/4, W1/2SE 1/4
6 | Sec. 24: Lots 1,2,3,4,W 1/2, W1/2E 1/2 (All) | 965.80 | W-53970, 2-28-86 | U.S.: All | T.H. Holder 100% | | T.H. Holder 100%.
| Sec. 25: Lots 1,2,NW 1/4, W1/2NE/4
| 6 Federal tracts totalling 7,047.30 acres or 68.76018% of unit area
| State Land
7 | Sec. 16: All | 1,280.60 | 78620, 6-30-88 | State: All | Deer Oil Co. 100% | T.T. Timo 2% | Deer Oil Co. 100%.
| Sec. 36: Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, W 1/2, W1/2E 1/2 (All)
| 1 State tract totalling 1,280.60 acres or 12.49476% of unit area.
| Patented Land
8 | Sec. 13: Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, W 1/2, W1/2E 1/2 (All) | 641.20 | 5-31-82 | J.C. Smith: 100% | Doe Oil Co. 100% | | Doe Oil Co. 100%.
9 | Sec. 22: All | 640.00 | 5-31-82 | T.J. Cook: 100% | W.W. Smith 100% | Sam Spade 1% | W.W. Smith 100%.
10 | Sec. 34: All | 640.00 | 6-30-82 | A.A. Aben: 75%, L.P. Carr: 25% | Deer Oil Co. 100% | | Deer Oil Co. 100%.
| 3 Patented tracts totalling 1,921.20 acres or 18.74506% of unit area
Total: 10 tracts 10,249.10 acres in entire unit area.
[48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983. Redesignated at 48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983, and amended at 51 FR 34604, Sept. 30, 1986]
§ 3186.2
Model collective bond.

Collective Corporate Surety Bond
Know all men by these presents. That we, _________ (Name of unit operator), signing as Principal, for and on behalf of the record owners of unitized substances now or hereafter covered by the unit agreement for the _________ (Name of unit), approved _________ (Date) __________ (Name and address of Surety), as Surety are jointly and severally held and firmly bound unto the United States of America in the sum of ___ (Amount of bond) Dollars, lawful money of the United States, for the use and benefit of and to be paid to the United States and any entryman or patentee of any portion of the unitized land here-to-fore entered or patented with the reservation of the oil or gas deposits to the United States, for which payment, well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, and each of us, and each of our heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns by these presents.
The condition of the foregoing obligation is such, that, whereas the Secretary of the Interior on ________ (Date) approved under the provisions of the Act of February 25, 1920, 41 Stat. 437, 30 U.S.C. secs. 181 et seq., as amended by the Act of August 8, 1946, 60 Stat. 950, a unit agreement for the development and operation of the ___________ (Name of unit and State); and
Whereas said Principal and record owners of unitized substances, pursuant to said unit agreement, have entered into certain covenants and agreements as set forth therein, under which operations are to be conducted; and
Whereas said Principal as Unit Operator has assumed the duties and obligations of the respective owners of unitized substances as defined in said unit agreement; and
Whereas said Principal and Surety agree to remain bound in the full amount of the bond for failure to comply with the terms of the unit agreement, and the payment of rentals, minimum royalties, and royalties due under the Federal leases committed to said unit agreement; and
Whereas the Surety hereby waives any right of notice of and agrees that this bond may remain in force and effect notwithstanding;
(a) Any additions to or change in the ownership of the unitized substances herein described;
(b) Any suspension of the drilling or producing requirements or waiver, suspension, or reduction of rental or minimum royalty payments or reduction of royalties pursuant to applicable laws or regulations thereunder; and
Whereas said Principal and Surety agree to the payment of compensatory royalty under the regulations of the Interior Department in lieu of drilling necessary offset wells in the event of drainage; and
Whereas nothing herein contained shall preclude the United States (from requiring an additional bond at any time when deemed necessary);
Now, therefore, if the said Principal shall faithfully comply with all of the provisions of the above-indentified unit agreement and with the terms of the leases committed thereto, then the above obligation is to be of no effect; otherwise to remain in full force and virtue.
Signed, sealed, and delivered this ___ day of __________, in the presence of:
Witnesses:
(Principal)
(Surety)
§ 3186.3
Model for designation of successor unit operator by working interest owners.
Designation of successor Unit Operator ___ Unit Area, County of ___, State of ___. No. ___.
This indenture, dated as of the _____ day of ______, 19__, by and between _______, hereinafter designated as “First Party,” and the owners of unitized working interests, hereinafter designated as “Second Parties,”
Witnesseth: Whereas under the provisions of the Act of February 25, 1920, 41 Stat. 437, 30 U.S.C. secs. 181, et seq., as amended by the Act of August 8, 1946, 60 Stat. 950, the Secretary of the Interior, on the ______ day of ______, 19__, approved a unit agreement ___ Unit Area, wherein _________ is designated as Unit Operator, and
Whereas said _________ has resigned as such Operator ^1 and the designation of a successor Unit Operator is now required pursuant to the terms thereof; and
^1 Where the designation of a successor Unit Operator is required for any reason other than resignation, such reason shall be substituted for the one stated.
Whereas the First Party has been and hereby is designated by Second Parties as Unit Operator, and said First Party desires to assume all the rights, duties, and obligations of Unit Operator under the said unit agreement:
Now, therefore, in consideration of the premises hereinbefore set forth and the promises hereinafter stated, the First Party hereby covenants and agrees to fulfill the duties and assume the obligations of Unit Operator under and pursuant to all the terms of the ___ unit agreement, and the Second Parties covenant and agree that, effective upon approval of this indenture by the (Name and Title of authorized officer, BLM) First Party shall be granted the exclusive right and privilege of exercising any and all rights and privileges as Unit Operator, pursuant to the terms and conditions of said unit agreement; said Unit agreement being hereby incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof as fully and effectively as though said unit agreement were expressly set forth in this instrument.
In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this instrument as of the date hereinabove set forth.
(Witnesses)
(Witnesses)
(First Party)
(Second Party)
I hereby approve the foregoing indenture designating _________ as Unit Operator under the unit agreement for the ___ Unit Area, this _____ day of ______, 19__.
Authorized officer of the Bureau of Land Management.
[48 FR 26766, June 10, 1983. Redesignated at 48 FR 36587, Aug. 12, 1983, as amended at 51 FR 34604, Sept. 30, 1986]
§ 3186.4
Model for change in unit operator by assignment.
Change in Unit Operator ___ Unit Area, County of ______, State of _______, No. _. This indenture, dated as of the ______ day of _______, 19__, by and between __________ hereinafter designated as “First Party,” and _________ hereinafter designated as “Second Party.”
Witnesseth: Whereas under the provisions of the Act of February 25, 1920, 41 Stat. 437 30 U.S.C. secs. 181, et seq., as amended by the Act of August 8, 1946, 60 Stat. 950, the Department of the Interior, on the ______ day of _______, 19__, approved a unit agreement for the ___ Unit Area, wherein the First Party is designated as Unit Operator; and
Whereas the First Party desires to transfer, assign, release, and quitclaim, and the Second Party desires to assume all the rights, duties and obligations of Unit Operator under the unit agreement; and
Whereas for sufficient and valuable consideration, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, the First Party has transferred, conveyed, and assigned all his/its rights under certain operating agreements involving lands within the area set forth in said unit agreement unto the Second Party;
Now, therefore, in consideration of the premises hereinbefore set forth, the First Party does hereby transfer, assign, release, and quitclaim unto Second Party all of First Party's rights, duties, and obligations as Unit Operator under said unit agreement; and
Second Party hereby accepts this assignment and hereby covenants and agrees to fulfill the duties and assume the obligations of Unit Operator under and pursuant to all the terms of said unit agreement to the full extent set forth in this assignment, effective upon approval of this indenture by the (Name and Title of authorized officer, BLM); said unit agreement being hereby incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof as fully and effectively as though said unit agreement were expressly set forth in this instrument.
In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this instrument as of the date hereinabove set forth.
(Witnesses)
(Witnesses)
(First Party)
(Second Party)
I hereby approve the foregoing indenture designating ___ as Unit Operator under the unit agreement for the ___ Unit Area, this ______ day of _________, 19__.
Authorized officer of the Bureau of Land Management