[Title 40 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 2012 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]

[[Page i]]

Title 40

Protection of Environment

________________________

Part 1000 to End

Revised as of July 1, 2012

Containing a codification of documents of general
applicability and future effect

As of July 1, 2012
Published by the Office of the Federal Register
National Archives and Records Administration as a
Special Edition of the Federal Register

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Table of Contents

Page
Explanation................................................. v

Title 40:
Chapter I--Environmental Protection Agency
(Continued) 3
Chapter IV--Environmental Protection Agency and
Department of Justice 965
Chapter V--Council on Environmental Quality 973
Chapter VI--Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation
Board 1021
Chapter VII--Environmental Protection Agency and
Department of Defense; Uniform National Discharge
Standards for Vessels of the Armed Forces 1057
Finding Aids:
Table of CFR Titles and Chapters........................ 1069
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR...... 1089
List of CFR Sections Affected........................... 1099

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----------------------------

Cite this Code: CFR
To cite the regulations in
this volume use title,
part and section number.
Thus, 40 CFR 1027.101
refers to title 40, part
1027, section 101.

----------------------------

[[Page v]]

EXPLANATION

The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive
departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided
into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal
regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the
name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into
parts covering specific regulatory areas.
Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:

Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1

The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each
volume.

LEGAL STATUS

The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially
noticed (44 U.S.C. 1507). The Code of Federal Regulations is prima facie
evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).

HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

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To determine whether a Code volume has been amended since its
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inserted following the text.

OMB CONTROL NUMBERS

The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information
collection request.

[[Page vi]]

Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as
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OBSOLETE PROVISIONS

Provisions that become obsolete before the revision date stated on
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This material, like any other properly issued regulation, has the force
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What is a proper incorporation by reference? The Director of the
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(a) The incorporation will substantially reduce the volume of
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(b) The matter incorporated is in fact available to the extent
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(c) The incorporating document is drafted and submitted for
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that volume.

[[Page vii]]

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Charles A. Barth,
Director,
Office of the Federal Register.
July 1, 2012.

[[Page ix]]

THIS TITLE

Title 40--Protection of Environment is composed of thirty-four
volumes. The parts in these volumes are arranged in the following order:
Parts 1-49, parts 50-51, part 52 (52.01-52.1018), part 52 (52.1019-
52.2019), part 52 (52.2020-end of part 52), parts 53-59, part 60 (60.1-
end of part 60, sections), part 60 (Appendices), parts 61-62, part 63
(63.1-63.599), part 63 (63.600-63.1199), part 63 (63.1200-63.1439), part
63 (63.1440-63.6175), part 63 (63.6580-63.8830), part 63 (63.8980-end of
part 63) parts 64-71, parts 72-80, parts 81-84, part 85-Sec. 86.599-99,
part 86 (86.600-1-end of part 86), parts 87-95, parts 96-99, parts 100-
135, parts 136-149, parts 150-189, parts 190-259, parts 260-265, parts
266-299, parts 300-399, parts 400-424, parts 425-699, parts 700-789,
parts 790-999, and part 1000 to end. The contents of these volumes
represent all current regulations codified under this title of the CFR
as of July 1, 2012.

Chapter I--Environmental Protection Agency appears in all thirty-
four volumes. Regulations issued by the Council on Environmental
Quality, including an Index to Parts 1500 through 1508, appear in the
volume containing part 1000 to end. The OMB control numbers for title 40
appear in Sec. 9.1 of this chapter.

For this volume, Michele Bugenhagen was Chief Editor. The Code of
Federal Regulations publication program is under the direction of
Michael L. White, assisted by Ann Worley.

[[Page 1]]

TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT

(This book contains part 1000 to End)

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Part

chapter i--Environmental Protection Agency (Continued)...... 1027

chapter iv--Environmental Protection Agency and Department
of Justice................................................ 1400

chapter v--Council on Environmental Quality................. 1500

chapter vi--Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board.. 1600

chapter vii--Environmental Protection Agency and Department
of Defense; Uniform National Discharge Standards for
Vessels of the Armed Forces............................... 1700

[[Page 3]]

CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)

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Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to chapter I appear at 65 FR
47324, 47325, Aug. 2, 2000, and 66 FR 34375, 34376, June 28, 2001.

SUBCHAPTER U--AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS
Part Page
1027 Fees for engine, vehicle, and equipment
compliance programs..................... 4
1033 Control of emissions from locomotives....... 11
1036 Control of emissions from new and in-use
heavy-duty highway engines.............. 90
1037 Control of emissions from new heavy-duty
motor vehicles.......................... 122
1039 Control of emissions from new and in-use
nonroad compression-ignition engines.... 186
1042 Control of emissions from new and in-use
marine compression-ignition engines and
vessels................................. 266
1043 Control of NOX, SOX, and PM emissions from
engines and vessels subject to the
MARPOL protocol......................... 352
1045 Control of emissions from spark-ignition
propulsion marine engines and vessels... 363
1048 Control of emissions from new, large nonroad
spark-ignition engines.................. 428
1051 Control of emissions from recreational
engines and vehicles.................... 487
1054 Control of emissions from new, small nonroad
spark-ignition engines and equipment.... 552
1060 Control of evaporative emissions from new
and in-use nonroad and stationary
equipment............................... 621
1065 Engine-testing procedures................... 662
1066 Vehicle-testing procedures.................. 867
1068 General compliance provisions for highway,
stationary, and nonroad programs........ 898
1074 Preemption of state standards and procedures
for waiver of federal preemption for
nonroad engines and nonroad vehicles.... 961

[[Page 4]]

SUBCHAPTER U_AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS

PART 1027_FEES FOR ENGINE, VEHICLE, AND EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS--Table

of Contents

Sec.
1027.101 To whom do these requirements apply?
1027.105 How much are the fees?
1027.110 What special provisions apply for certification related to
motor vehicles?
1027.115 What special provisions apply for certification related to
nonroad and stationary engines?
1027.120 Can I qualify for reduced fees?
1027.125 Can I get a refund?
1027.130 How do I make a fee payment?
1027.135 What provisions apply to a deficient filing?
1027.140 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this
part?
1027.150 What definitions apply to this part?
1027.155 What abbreviations apply to this subpart?

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 73 FR 59184, Oct. 8, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1027.101 To whom do these requirements apply?

(a) This part prescribes fees manufacturers must pay for activities
related to EPA's engine, vehicle, and equipment compliance program
(EVECP). This includes activities related to approving certificates of
conformity and performing tests and taking other steps to verify
compliance with emission standards. You must pay fees as described in
this part if you are a manufacturer of any of the following products:
(1) Motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines we regulate under 40
CFR part 86. This includes light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks,
medium-duty passenger vehicles, highway motorcycles, and heavy-duty
highway engines and vehicles.
(2) The following nonroad engines and equipment:
(i) Locomotives and locomotive engines we regulate under 40 CFR part
92 or 1033.
(ii) Nonroad compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 89 or 1039.
(iii) Marine compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 94, 1042, or 1043.
(iv) Marine spark-ignition engines and vessels we regulate under 40
CFR part 91, 1045, or 1060. We refer to these as Marine SI engines.
(v) Nonroad spark-ignition engines above 19 kW we regulate under 40
CFR part 1048. We refer to these as Large SI engines.
(vi) Recreational vehicles we regulate under 40 CFR part 1051.
(vii) Nonroad spark-ignition engines and equipment at or below 19 kW
we regulate under 40 CFR part 90, 1054, or 1060. We refer to these as
Small SI engines.
(3) The following stationary internal combustion engines:
(i) Stationary compression-ignition engines we certify under 40 CFR
part 60, subpart IIII.
(ii) Stationary spark-ignition engines we certify under 40 CFR part
60, subpart JJJJ.
(4) Portable fuel containers we regulate under 40 CFR part 59,
subpart F.
(b) This part applies to applications for certification that we
receive on or after December 8, 2008. Earlier applications are subject
to the provisions of 40 CFR part 85, subpart Y, as that provision read
before December 8, 2008.
(c) Nothing in this part limits our authority to conduct testing or
to require you to conduct testing as provided in the Act, including our
authority to require you to conduct in-use testing under section 208 of
the Act (42 U.S.C. 7542).
(d) Paragraph (a) of this section identifies the parts of the CFR
that define emission standards and other requirements for particular
types of engines, vehicles, and fuel-system components. This part 1027
refers to each of these other parts generically as the ``standard-
setting part.'' For example, 40 CFR part 1051 is always the standard-
setting part for recreational vehicles. For some nonroad engines, we
allow for certification related to evaporative emissions separate from
exhaust emissions. In this case, 40 CFR part 1060 is

[[Page 5]]

the standard-setting part for the equipment or fuel system components
you produce.

[73 FR 59184, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22981, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1027.105 How much are the fees?

(a) Fees are determined based on the date we receive a complete
application for certification. Each reference to a year in this subpart
refers to the calendar year, unless otherwise specified. Paragraph (b)
of this section specifies baseline fees, which applied for certificates
received in 2005. For engine and vehicles not yet subject to standards
in 2005, these values represent the fees that apply initially based on
available information to characterize what the fees would have been in
2005. See paragraph (c) of this section for provisions describing how we
calculate fees for future years.
(b) The following baseline fees for each application for
certification:
(1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section for
Independent Commercial Importers, the following fees apply for motor
vehicles and motor vehicle engines:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Certificate type Fee
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Light-duty vehicles and trucks Federal............. $33,883
(ii) Light-duty vehicles and California-only..... 16,944
trucks.
(iii) Medium-duty passenger Federal............. 33,883
vehicles.
(iv) Medium-duty passenger California-only..... 16,944
vehicles.
(v) Highway motorcycle............ All................. 2,414
(vi) Heavy-duty highway engine.... Federal............. 21,578
(vii) Heavy-duty highway engine... California-only..... 826
(viii) Complete heavy-duty highway Federal............. 33,883
vehicles.
(ix) Complete heavy-duty highway California-only..... 16,944
vehicles.
(x) Heavy-duty vehicle............ Evap................ 826
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) A fee of $8,387 applies for Independent Commercial Importers
with respect to the following motor vehicles:
(i) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
(ii) Medium-duty passenger vehicles.
(iii) Complete heavy-duty highway vehicles.
(3) The following fees apply for nonroad and stationary engines,
vehicles, equipment, and components:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Certificate type Fee
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Locomotives and locomotive All................. $826
engines.
(ii) Marine compression-ignition All, including EIAPP 826
engines and stationary
compression-ignition engines with
per-cylinder displacement at or
above 10 liters.
(iii) Other nonroad compression- All................. 1,822
ignition engines and stationary
compression-ignition engines with
per-cylinder displacement below
10 liters.
(iv) Large SI engines............. All................. 826
(v) Stationary spark-ignition All................. 826
engines above 19 kW.
(vi) Marine SI engines and Small Exhaust only........ 826
SI engines.
(vii) Stationary spark-ignition Exhaust only........ 826
engines at or below 19 kW.
(viii) Recreational vehicles...... Exhaust (or combined 826
exhaust and evap).
(ix) Equipment and fuel-system Evap (where separate 241
components associated with certification is
nonroad and stationary spark- required).
ignition engines, including
portable fuel containers.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) We will calculate adjusted fees for later years based on changes
in the Consumer Price Index and the number of certificates. We will
announce adjusted fees for a given year by January 31 of the preceding
year.
(1) We will adjust the values specified in paragraph (b) of this
section for later years as follows:
(i) Use the fee identified in Sec. 1027.105(b)(3) through 2014 for
certification related to evaporative emissions from nonroad and
stationary engines when a separate fee applies for certification to
evaporative emission standards. Use the following equation starting with
2015:

[[Page 6]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE09.003

Where:

Certificate FeeCY = Fee per certificate for a given year.
Op = operating costs are all of EPA's nonlabor costs for each category's
compliance program, including any fixed costs associated with EPA's
testing laboratory, as described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
L = the labor costs, to be adjusted by the Consumer Price Index, as
described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
CPICY-2 = the Consumer Price Index for the month of November
two years before the applicable calendar year, as described in paragraph
(d)(2) of this section.
CPI2006 = 201.8. This is based on the October 2006 value of
the Consumer Price Index.
OH = 1.169. This is based on EPA overhead, which is applied to all
costs.
certMY-2 = the total number of certificates issued
for a fee category in the model year two years before the calendar year
for the applicable fees as described in paragraph (d)(3) of this
section.
certMY-3 = the total number of certificates issued
for a fee category in the model year three years before the calendar
year for the applicable fees as described in paragraph (d)(3) of this
section.

(ii) Use the following equation for all other certificates for 2006
and later:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE09.004

Where:

CPI2002 = 180.9. This is based on the December 2002 value of
the Consumer Price Index as described in paragraph (d)(2) of this
section.

(2) The fee for any year will remain at the previous year's amount
until the value calculated in paragraph (c)(1) of this section differs
by at least $50 from the amount specified for the previous year.
(d) Except as specified in Sec. 1027.110(a) for motor vehicles and
motor vehicle engines, we will use the following values to determine
adjusted fees using the equation in paragraph (c) of this section:
(1) The following values apply for operating costs and labor costs:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine or Vehicle Category Op L
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Light-duty, medium-duty passenger, $3,322,039 $2,548,110
and complete heavy-duty highway vehicle
certification..........................
(ii) Light-duty, medium-duty passenger, 2,858,223 2,184,331
and complete heavy-duty highway vehicle
in-use testing.........................
(iii) Independent Commercial Importers 344,824 264,980
identified in Sec. 1027.105(b)(2)....
(iv) Highway motorcycles................ 225,726 172,829
(v) Heavy-duty highway engines.......... 1,106,224 1,625,680
(vi) Nonroad compression-ignition 486,401 545,160
engines that are not locomotive or
marine engines, and stationary
compression-ignition engines with per-
cylinder displacement below 10 liters..
(vii) Evaporative certificates related 5,039 236,670
to nonroad and stationary engines......
(viii) All other........................ 177,425 548,081
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) The applicable Consumer Price Index is based on the values
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for all U.S. cities using
the ``U.S. city average'' area, ``all items,'' and ``not seasonally
adjusted'' numbers (see ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/
cpiai.txt). For example, we calculated the 2006 fees using the Consumer
Price Index for November 2004, which is 191.0.
(3) Fee categories for counting the number of certificates issued
are based on the grouping shown in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.

[[Page 7]]

(e) The following example for calculating the 2006 complete federal
heavy duty highway vehicle fee illustrates the fee adjustment:

Op = $1,106,224
L = $1,625,680
CPI2002 = 180.9
CPI2004 = 191.0
cert 2004 = 131
cert2003 = 95
Fee06 = [$1,106,224 + $1,625,680 . (191.0/180.9)] .
1.169/[(131+95) . 0.5] = $29,200.88
Assessed Fee = $29,201

[73 FR 59184, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8423, Feb. 24, 2009; 75
FR 22981, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1027.110 What special provisions apply for certification related to

motor vehicles?

(a) We will adjust fees for 2006 and later years for light-duty,
medium-duty passenger, and complete heavy-duty highway vehicles as
follows:
(1) California-only certificates. Calculate adjusted fees for
California-only certificates by applying the light-duty, medium-duty
passenger, and complete heavy-duty highway vehicle certification Op and
L values to the equation in Sec. 1027.105(c). The total number of
certificates issued will be the total number of California-only and
federal light-duty, medium-duty passenger, and complete heavy-duty
highway vehicle certificates issued during the appropriate model years.
(2) Federal certificates. Calculate adjusted fees for federal
certificates with the following three steps:
(i) Apply the light-duty, medium-duty passenger, and complete heavy-
duty highway vehicle certification Op and L values to the equation in
Sec. 1027.105(c) to determine the certification portion of the light-
duty fee. The total number of certificates issued will be the total
number of California-only and federal light-duty, medium-duty passenger
and complete heavy-duty highway vehicle certificates issued during the
appropriate model years.
(ii) Apply the light-duty, medium-duty passenger, and complete
heavy-duty highway vehicle in-use testing Op and L values to the
equation in Sec. 1027.105(c) to determine the in-use testing portion of
the fee. The total number of certificates issued will be the total
number of federal light-duty, medium-duty passenger, and complete heavy-
duty highway vehicle certificates issued during the appropriate model
years.
(iii) Add the certification and in-use testing portions determined
in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section to determine the total
light-duty, medium-duty passenger, and complete heavy-duty highway
vehicle fee for each federal certificate.
(b) For light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, medium-duty
passenger vehicles, highway motorcycles, and complete heavy-duty highway
vehicles subject to exhaust emission standards, the number of
certificates issued as specified in Sec. 1027.105(d)(3) is based only
on engine families with respect to exhaust emissions. A separate fee
applies for each evaporative family for heavy-duty engines.
(c) If you manufacture a heavy-duty vehicle that another company has
certified as an incomplete vehicle such that you exceed the maximum fuel
tank size specified by the original manufacturer in the applicable
certificate of conformity, you must submit a new application for
certification and certification fee for the vehicle.

Sec. 1027.115 What special provisions apply for certification related to

nonroad and stationary engines?

(a) For spark-ignition engines above 19 kW that we regulate under 40
CFR part 1048 and for all compression-ignition engines, the applicable
fee is based only on engine families with respect to exhaust emissions.
(b) For manufacturers certifying recreational vehicles with respect
to both exhaust and evaporative emission standards, fees are determined
using one of the following approaches:
(1) If your engine family includes demonstration of compliance with
both exhaust and evaporative emission standards, the applicable fee is
based on certification related to the combined family. No separate fee
applies for certification with respect to evaporative emission
standards. These are all considered engine families complying with
exhaust emissions for determining the number of certificates for
calculating fees for later years.

[[Page 8]]

(2) If you have separate families for demonstrating compliance with
exhaust and evaporative emission standards, a separate fee from the
appropriate fee category applies for each unique family. Also, the
number of certificates issued as specified in Sec. 1027.105(d)(3) is
based on a separate count of emission families for exhaust and
evaporative emissions for each respective fee category.
(c) For manufacturers certifying other spark-ignition engines or
equipment with respect to exhaust and evaporative emission standards, a
separate fee from the appropriate fee category applies for each unique
family. A single engine or piece of equipment may involve separate
emission families and certification fees for exhaust and evaporative
emissions. Also, the number of certificates issued as specified in Sec.
1027.105(d)(3) is based on a separate count of emission families for
exhaust and evaporative emissions for each respective fee category.
(d) For any certification related to evaporative emissions from
engines, equipment, or components not covered by paragraph (a) through
(c) of this section, the fee applies for each certified product
independent of certification for exhaust emissions, as illustrated in
the following examples:
(1) A fuel tank certified to meet permeation and diurnal emission
standards would count as a single family for assessing the certification
fee and for calculating fee amounts for future years.
(2) If an equipment manufacturer applies for certification to
generate or use emission credits for fuel tanks and fuel lines, each
affected fuel-tank and fuel-line family would count as a single family
for assessing the certification fee and for calculating fee amounts for
future years. This fee applies whether or not the equipment manufacturer
is applying for certification to demonstrate compliance with another
emission standard, such as running losses.
(e) If you certify fuel system components under 40 CFR part 1060, a
single fee applies for each emission family even if those components are
used with different types of nonroad or stationary engines.
(f) If your application for certification relates to emission
standards that apply only in California, you must pay the same fee
identified for meeting EPA standards.
(g) For marine compression-ignition engines, if you apply for a
Federal certificate and an EIAPP certificate for the same engine family,
a single fee applies for the engine family (see 40 CFR parts 94, 1042,
and 1043).
(h) If you produce engines for multiple categories in a single
engine family, a single fee applies for the engine family. For example,
40 CFR 60.4210 allows you to produce stationary and nonroad compression-
ignition engines in a single engine family. If the certification fee for
the different types of engines is different, the fee that applies for
these engines is based on the emission standards to which you certify
the engine family. For example, if you certify marine diesel engines to
the standards that apply to land-based nonroad diesel engines under 40
CFR 94.912, the certification fee is based on the rate that applies for
land-based nonroad diesel engines.

[73 FR 59184, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22982, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1027.120 Can I qualify for reduced fees?

(a) Eligibility requirements. Both of the following conditions must
be met before you are eligible for a reduced fee:
(1) The certificate is to be used for sale of vehicles or engines
within the United States.
(2) The full fee for an application for certification for a model
year exceeds 1.0% of the aggregate projected retail sales price of all
vehicles or engines covered by the certificate.
(b) Initial reduced fee calculation. (1) If the conditions of
paragraph (a) of this section are met, the initial fee paid must be $750
or 1.0% of the aggregate projected retail sales price of all the
vehicles or engines to be covered by the certificate, whichever is
greater.
(2) For vehicles or engines that are converted to operate on an
alternative fuel using as the basis for the conversion a vehicle or
engine that is covered by an existing certificate of conformity, the
cost basis used in this section must be the aggregate projected

[[Page 9]]

retail value-added to the vehicle or engine by the conversion rather
than the full cost of the vehicle or engine. For this provision to
apply, the existing certificate must cover the same sales area and model
year as the requested certificate for the converted vehicle or engine.
(3) For remanufacturing systems, the cost basis used in this section
must be the aggregate projected retail cost of a complete remanufacture,
including the cost of the replacement components, software, and
assembly.
(4) For ICI certification applications, the cost basis of this
section must be the aggregate projected retail cost of the entire
vehicle(s) or engine(s), not just the value added by the conversion. If
the vehicles/engines covered by an ICI certificate are not being offered
for sale, the manufacturer shall use the fair retail market value of the
vehicles/engines as the retail sale price required in this section. For
an ICI application for certification, the retail sales price (or fair
retail market value) must be based on the applicable National Automobile
Dealer's Association (NADA) appraisal guide and/or other evidence of the
actual market value.
(5) The aggregate cost used in this section must be based on the
total projected sales of all vehicles and engines under a certificate,
including vehicles and engines modified under the modification and test
option in 40 CFR 85.1509 and 89.609. The projection of the number of
vehicles or engines to be covered by the certificate and their projected
retail selling price must be based on the latest information available
at the time of the fee payment.
(6) You may submit a reduced fee as described in this section if it
is accompanied by a calculation of the fee based on the number of
vehicles covered and the projected aggregate retail sales price as
specified on the fee filing form. Your reduced fee calculation shall be
deemed approved unless we determine that the criteria of this section
have not been met. We may make such a determination either before or
after issuing a certificate of conformity. If we determine that the
requirements of this section have not been met, we may deny future
reduced fee applications and require submission of the full fee payment
until you demonstrate to our satisfaction that your reduced fee
submissions are based on accurate data and that final fee payments are
made within 45 days of the end of the model year.
(7) If we deny your request for a reduced fee, you must send us the
appropriate fee within 30 days after we notify you.
(c) Revision of the number of vehicles or engines covered by the
certificate. (1) You must take both of the following steps if the number
of vehicles or engines to be produced or imported under the certificate
exceeds the number indicated on the certificate (including a certificate
under which modification and test vehicles are imported under 40 CFR
85.1509 and 89.609):
(i) Request that we revise the certificate with a number that
indicates the new projection of the vehicles or engines to be covered by
the certificate. We must issue the revised certificate before the
additional number of vehicles or engines may be sold or finally imported
into the United States.
(ii) Submit payment of 1.0% of the aggregate projected retail sales
price of all the additional vehicles or engines.
(2) You must receive a revised certificate before the sale or final
importation of any vehicles or engines, including modification and test
vehicles, that are not originally included in the certificate issued
under paragraph (b) of this section, or as indicated in a revised
certificate issued under paragraph (c)(1) of this section. Such vehicles
that are sold or imported before we issue a revised certificate are
deemed to be not covered by a certificate of conformity.
(d) Final reduced fee calculation and adjustment. (1) If the initial
fee payment is less than the final reduced fee, you must pay the
difference between the initial reduced fee and the final reduced fee
using the provisions of Sec. 1027.130. Calculate the final reduced fee
using the procedures of paragraph (c) of this section but using actual
production figures rather than projections and actual retail sales value
rather than projected retail sales value.
(2) You must pay the difference between the initial reduced fee and
the final reduced fee within 45 days of the

[[Page 10]]

end of the model year. The total fees paid for a certificate may not
exceed the applicable full fee specified in Sec. 1027.105. We may void
the applicable certificate if you fail to make a complete payment within
the specified period. We may also refuse to grant reduced fee requests
submitted under paragraph (b)(5) of this section.
(3) If the initial fee payment exceeds the final reduced fee, you
may request a refund using the procedures of Sec. 1027.125.
(e) Records retention. You are subject to the applicable
requirements to maintain records under this chapter. If you fail to
maintain required records or provide them to us, we may void the
certificate associated with such records. You must also record the basis
you used to calculate the projected sales and fair retail market value
and the actual sales and retail price for the vehicles and engines
covered by each certificate issued under this section. You must keep
this information for at least three years after we issue the certificate
and provide it to us within 30 days of our request.

Sec. 1027.125 Can I get a refund?

(a) We will refund the total fee imposed under this part if you ask
for a refund after failing to get a certificate for any reason.
(b) If your actual sales or the actual retail prices in a given year
are less than you projected for calculating a reduced fee under Sec.
1027.120, we will refund the appropriate portion of the fee. We will
also refund a portion of the initial payment if it exceeds the final fee
for the engines, vehicles, or equipment covered by the certificate
application.
(1) You are eligible for a partial refund related only to a
certificate used for the sale of engines, vehicles, or equipment under
that certificate in the United States.
(2) Include all the following in your request for a partial refund
of reduced fee payments:
(i) State that you sold engines, vehicles, or equipment under the
applicable certificate in the United States.
(ii) Identify the number of engines, vehicles, or equipment you
produced or imported under the certificate, and whether the engines,
vehicles, or equipment have been sold.
(iii) Identify the reduced fee that you paid under the applicable
certificate.
(iv) Identify the actual retail sales price for the engines,
vehicles, or equipment produced or imported under the certificate.
(v) Calculate the final value of the reduced fee using actual
production figures and retail prices.
(vi) Calculate the refund amount.
(c) We will approve your request to correct errors in the amount of
the fee.
(d) All refunds must be applied for within six months after the end
of the model year.
(e) Send refund and correction requests to the Fee Program
Specialist, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Vehicle Programs and
Compliance Division, 2000 Traverwood Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, online at
www.Pay.gov, or as specified in guidance by the Administrator.
(f) You may request to have refund amounts applied to the amount due
on another application for certification.

Sec. 1027.130 How do I make a fee payment?

(a) Pay fees to the order of the Environmental Protection Agency in
U.S. dollars using any of the following methods: money order, bank
draft, certified check, corporate check, electronic funds transfer, any
method available for payment online at www.Pay.gov., or as specified in
EPA guidance.
(b) Send a completed fee filing form to the address designated on
the form for each fee payment or electronically at www.Pay.gov., or as
provided in EPA guidance. These forms are available on the Internet at
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/guidance.htm.
(c) You must pay the fee amount due before we will start to process
an application for certification.
(d) If we deny a reduced fee, you must pay the proper fee within 30
days after we notify you of our decision.

Sec. 1027.135 What provisions apply to a deficient filing?

(a) Any filing under this part is deficient if it is not accompanied
by a

[[Page 11]]

completed fee filing form and full payment of the appropriate fee.
(b) A deficient filing will be rejected unless the completed form
and full payment are submitted within a time limit we specify. We will
not process an application for certification if the associated filing is
deficient.

Sec. 1027.140 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this

part?

Sec. 1027.150 What definitions apply to this part?

The definitions in this section apply to this part. As used in this
part, all undefined terms have the meaning the Act or the standard-
setting part gives to them. The definitions follow:
Application for Certification means a manufacturer's submission of
an application for certification.
California-only certificate is a certificate of conformity issued by
EPA showing compliance with emission standards established by
California.
Federal certificate is a certificate of conformity issued by EPA
showing compliance with EPA emission standards specified in one of the
standard-setting parts specified in Sec. 1027.101(a).
Light-duty means relating to light-duty vehicles and light-duty
trucks.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures an engine,
vehicle, vessel, or piece of equipment for sale in the United States or
otherwise introduces a new engine, vehicle, vessel, or piece of
equipment into commerce in the United States. This includes importers
who import such products for resale, but not dealers.
Total number of certificates issued means the number of certificates
for which fees have been paid. This term is not intended to represent
multiple certificates that are issued within a single family or test
group.
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.

[73 FR 59184, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22982, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1027.155 What abbreviations apply to this subpart?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

CFR....................................... Code of Federal Regulations.
EPA....................................... U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
Evap...................................... Evaporative Emissions.
EVECP..................................... Engine, vehicle, and
equipment compliance
program.
ICI....................................... Independent Commercial
Importer.
U.S....................................... United States.

PART 1033_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM LOCOMOTIVES--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec.
1033.1 Applicability.
1033.5 Exemptions and exclusions.
1033.10 Organization of this part.
1033.15 Other regulation parts that apply for locomotives.
1033.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1033.101 Exhaust emission standards.
1033.102 Transition to the standards of this part.
1033.110 Emission diagnostics--general requirements.
1033.112 Emission diagnostics for SCR systems.
1033.115 Other requirements.
1033.120 Emission-related warranty requirements.
1033.125 Maintenance instructions.
1033.130 Instructions for engine remanufacturing or engine installation.
1033.135 Labeling.

[[Page 12]]

1033.140 Rated power.
1033.150 Interim provisions.

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

1033.201 General requirements for obtaining a certificate of conformity.
1033.205 Applying for a certificate of conformity.
1033.210 Preliminary approval.
1033.220 Amending maintenance instructions.
1033.225 Amending applications for certification.
1033.230 Grouping locomotives into engine families.
1033.235 Emission testing required for certification.
1033.240 Demonstrating compliance with exhaust emission standards.
1033.245 Deterioration factors.
1033.250 Reporting and recordkeeping.
1033.255 EPA decisions.

Subpart D_Manufacturer and Remanufacturer Production Line Testing and
Audit Programs

1033.301 Applicability.
1033.305 General requirements.
1033.310 Sample selection for testing.
1033.315 Test procedures.
1033.320 Calculation and reporting of test results.
1033.325 Maintenance of records; submittal of information.
1033.330 Compliance criteria for production line testing.
1033.335 Remanufactured locomotives: installation audit requirements.
1033.340 Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.

Subpart E_In-use Testing

1033.401 Applicability.
1033.405 General provisions.
1033.410 In-use test procedure.
1033.415 General testing requirements.
1033.420 Maintenance, procurement and testing of in-use locomotives.
1033.425 In-use test program reporting requirements.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

1033.501 General provisions.
1033.505 Ambient conditions.
1033.510 Auxiliary power units.
1033.515 Discrete-mode steady-state emission tests of locomotives and
locomotive engines.
1033.520 Alternative ramped modal cycles.
1033.525 Smoke testing.
1033.530 Duty cycles and calculations.
1033.535 Adjusting emission levels to account for infrequently
regenerating aftertreatment devices.

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

1033.601 General compliance provisions.
1033.610 Small railroad provisions.
1033.615 Voluntarily subjecting locomotives to the standards of this
part.
1033.620 Hardship provisions for manufacturers and remanufacturers.
1033.625 Special certification provisions for non-locomotive-specific
engines.
1033.630 Staged-assembly and delegated assembly exemptions.
1033.640 Provisions for repowered and refurbished locomotives.
1033.645 Non-OEM component certification program.
1033.650 Incidental use exemption for Canadian and Mexican locomotives.
1033.652 Special provisions for exported locomotives.
1033.655 Special provisions for certain Tier 0/Tier 1 locomotives.

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

1033.701 General provisions.
1033.705 Calculating emission credits.
1033.710 Averaging emission credits.
1033.715 Banking emission credits.
1033.720 Trading emission credits.
1033.722 Transferring emission credits.
1033.725 Requirements for your application for certification.
1033.730 ABT reports.
1033.735 Required records.
1033.740 Credit restrictions.
1033.745 Compliance with the provisions of this subpart.
1033.750 Changing a locomotive's FEL at remanufacture.

Subpart I_Requirements for Owners and Operators

1033.801 Applicability.
1033.805 Remanufacturing requirements.
1033.810 In-use testing program.
1033.815 Maintenance, operation, and repair.
1033.820 In-use locomotives.
1033.825 Refueling requirements.

Subpart J_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1033.901 Definitions.
1033.905 Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.
1033.915 Confidential information.
1033.920 How to request a hearing.
1033.925 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

[[Page 13]]

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1033.1 Applicability.

The regulations in this part 1033 apply for all new locomotives and
all locomotives containing a new locomotive engine, except as provided
in Sec. 1033.5.
(a) Standards begin to apply each time a locomotive or locomotive
engine is originally manufactured or otherwise becomes new (defined in
Sec. 1033.901). The requirements of this part continue to apply as
specified after locomotives cease to be new.
(b) Standards apply to the locomotive. However, in certain cases,
the manufacturer/remanufacturer is allowed to test a locomotive engine
instead of a complete locomotive, such as for certification. Also, you
are not required to complete assembly of a locomotive to obtain a
certificate of conformity for it, provided you meet the definition of
``manufacturer'' or ``remanufacturer'' (as applicable) in Sec.
1033.901. For example, an engine manufacturer may obtain a certificate
for locomotives which it does not manufacture, if the locomotives use
its engines.
(c) Standards apply based on the year in which the locomotive was
originally manufactured. The date of original manufacture is generally
the date on which assembly is completed for the first time. For example,
all locomotives originally manufactured in calendar years 2002, 2003,
and 2004 are subject to the Tier 1 emission standards for their entire
service lives.
(d) The following provisions apply when there are multiple persons
meeting the definition of manufacturer or remanufacturer in Sec.
1033.901:
(1) Each person meeting the definition of manufacturer must comply
with the requirements of this part that apply to manufacturers; and each
person meeting the definition of remanufacturer must comply with the
requirements of this part that apply to remanufacturers. However, if one
person complies with a specific requirement for a given locomotive, then
all manufacturers/remanufacturers are deemed to have complied with that
specific requirement.
(2) We will apply the requirements of subparts C, D, and E of this
part to the manufacturer/remanufacturer that obtains the certificate of
conformity for the locomotive. Other manufacturers and remanufacturers
are required to comply with the requirements of subparts C, D, and E of
this part only when notified by us. In our notification, we will specify
a reasonable time period in which you need to comply with the
requirements identified in the notice. See Sec. 1033.601 for the
applicability of 40 CFR part 1068 to these other manufacturers and
remanufacturers.
(3) For example, we may require a railroad that installs certified
kits but does not hold the certificate to perform production line
auditing of the locomotives that it remanufactures. However, if we did,
we would allow the railroad a reasonable amount of time to develop the
ability to perform such auditing.
(e) The provisions of this part apply as specified for locomotives
manufactured or remanufactured on or after July 7, 2008. See Sec.
1033.102 to determine whether the standards of this part or the
standards of 40 CFR part 92 apply for model years 2008 through 2012. For
example, for a locomotive that was originally manufactured in 2007 and
remanufactured on April 10, 2014, the provisions of this part begin to
apply on April 10, 2014.

Sec. 1033.5 Exemptions and exclusions.

(a) Subpart G of this part exempts certain locomotives from the
standards of this part.
(b) The definition of ``locomotive'' in Sec. 1033.901 excludes
certain vehicles. In general, the engines used in such excluded
equipment are subject to standards under other regulatory parts. For
example, see 40 CFR part 1039 for requirements that apply to diesel
engines used in equipment excluded from the definition of ``locomotive''
in Sec. 1033.901. The following locomotives are also excluded from the
provisions of this part 1033:
(1) Historic locomotives powered by steam engines. For a locomotive
that was originally manufactured after January 1, 1973 to be excluded
under this paragraph (b)(1), it may not use any internal combustion
engines and must be

[[Page 14]]

used only for historical purposes such as at a museum or similar public
attraction.
(2) Locomotives powered only by an external source of electricity.
(c) The requirements and prohibitions of this part apply only for
locomotives that have become ``new'' (as defined in Sec. 1033.901) on
or after July 7, 2008.
(d) The provisions of this part do not apply for any auxiliary
engine that only provides hotel power. In general, these engines are
subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 1039. However, depending on the
engine cycle, model year and power rating, the engines may be subject to
other regulatory parts instead.
(e) Manufacturers and owners of locomotives that operate only on
non-standard gauge rails may ask us to exclude such locomotives from
this part by excluding them from the definition of ``locomotive''.

Sec. 1033.10 Organization of this part.

The regulations in this part 1033 contain provisions that affect
locomotive manufacturers, remanufacturers, and others. However, the
requirements of this part are generally addressed to the locomotive
manufacturer/remanufacturer. The term ``you'' generally means the
manufacturer/remanufacturer, as defined in Sec. 1033.901. This part
1033 is divided into the following subparts:
(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of part 1033
and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify locomotives under this
part. Note that Sec. 1033.150 discusses certain interim requirements
and compliance provisions that apply only for a limited time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity.
(d) Subpart D of this part describes general provisions for testing
and auditing production locomotives.
(e) Subpart E of this part describes general provisions for testing
in-use locomotives.
(f) Subpart F of this part and 40 CFR part 1065 describe how to test
locomotives and engines.
(g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, exemptions, and other provisions that apply
to locomotive manufacturer/remanufacturers, owners, operators, and all
others.
(h) Subpart H of this part describes how you may generate and use
emission credits to certify your locomotives.
(i) Subpart I of this part describes provisions for locomotive
owners and operators.
(j) Subpart J of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

Sec. 1033.15 Other regulation parts that apply for locomotives.

(a) Part 1065 of this chapter describes procedures and equipment
specifications for testing engines to measure exhaust emissions. Subpart
F of this part 1033 describes how to apply the provisions of part 1065
of this chapter to test locomotives to determine whether they meet the
exhaust emission standards in this part.
(b) The requirements and prohibitions of part 1068 of this chapter
apply to everyone, including anyone who manufactures, remanufactures,
imports, maintains, owns, or operates any of the locomotives subject to
this part 1033. See Sec. 1033.601 to determine how to apply the part
1068 regulations for locomotives. Part 1068 of this chapter describes
general provisions, including the following areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for locomotive manufacturer/
remanufacturers and others.
(2) Exclusions and exemptions for certain locomotives.
(3) Importing locomotives.
(4) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(5) Defect reporting and recall.
(6) Procedures for hearings.
(c) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22982, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.30 Submission of information.

(a) This part includes various requirements to record data or other
information. Refer to Sec. 1033.925 and 40 CFR 1068.25 regarding
recordkeeping

[[Page 15]]

requirements. Unless we specify otherwise, store these records in any
format and on any media and keep them readily available for one year
after you send an associated application for certification, or one year
after you generate the data if they do not support an application for
certification. You must promptly send us organized, written records in
English if we ask for them. We may review them at any time.
(b) The regulations in Sec. 1033.255 and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. This includes
information not related to certification.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1033.901).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a
certificate holder.

[75 FR 22982, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1033.101 Exhaust emission standards.

See Sec. Sec. 1033.102 and 1033.150 to determine how the emission
standards of this section apply before 2023.
(a) Emission standards for line-haul locomotives. Exhaust emissions
from your new locomotives may not exceed the applicable emission
standards in Table 1 to this section during the useful life of the
locomotive. (Note: Sec. 1033.901 defines locomotives to be ``new'' when
originally manufactured and when remanufactured.) Measure emissions
using the applicable test procedures described in subpart F of this
part.

Table 1 to Sec. 1033.101--Line-Haul Locomotive Emission Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Standards (g/bhp-hr)
Year of original manufacture Tier of standards ---------------------------------------------------
NOX PM HC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1973-1992 \a\....................... Tier 0 \b\............ 8.0 0.22 1.00 5.0
1993 \a\-2004....................... Tier 1 \b\............ 7.4 0.22 0.55 2.2
2005-2011........................... Tier 2 \b\............ 5.5 \e\ 0.10 0.30 1.5
2012-2014........................... Tier 3 \c\............ 5.5 0.10 0.30 1.5
2015 or later....................... Tier 4 \d\............ 1.3 0.03 0.14 1.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Locomotive models that were originally manufactured in model years 1993 through 2001, but that were not
originally equipped with a separate coolant system for intake air are subject to the Tier 0 rather than the
Tier 1 standards.
\b\ Line-haul locomotives subject to the Tier 0 through Tier 2 emission standards must also meet switch
standards of the same tier.
\c\ Tier 3 line-haul locomotives must also meet Tier 2 switch standards.
\d\ Manufacturers may elect to meet a combined NOX+HC standard of 1.4 g/bhp-hr instead of the otherwise
applicable Tier 4 NOX and HC standards, as described in paragraph (j) of this section.
\e\ The PM standard for newly remanufactured Tier 2 line-haul locomotives is 0.20 g/bhp-hr until January 1,
2013, except as specified in Sec. 1033.150(a).

(b) Emission standards for switch locomotives. Exhaust emissions
from your new locomotives may not exceed the applicable emission
standards in Table 2 to this section during the useful life of the
locomotive. (Note: Sec. 1033.901 defines locomotives to be ``new'' when
originally manufactured and when remanufactured.) Measure emissions
using the applicable test procedures described in subpart F of this
part.

Table 2 to Sec. 1033.101--Switch Locomotive Emission Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Standards (g/bhp-hr)
Year of original manufacture Tier of standards ---------------------------------------------------
NOX PM HC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1973-2001........................... Tier 0................ 11.8 0.26 2.10 8.0
2002-2004........................... Tier 1 a.............. 11.0 0.26 1.20 2.5
2005-2010........................... Tier 2 a.............. 8.1 b 0.13 0.60 2.4
2011-2014........................... Tier 3................ 5.0 0.10 0.60 2.4

[[Page 16]]

2015 or later....................... Tier 4................ c 1.3 0.03 c 0.14 2.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Switch locomotives subject to the Tier 1 through Tier 2 emission standards must also meet line-haul
standards of the same tier.
\b\ The PM standard for new Tier 2 switch locomotives is 0.24 g/bhp-hr until January 1, 2013.
\c\ Manufacturers may elect to meet a combined NOX+HC standard of 1.4 g/bhp-hr instead of the otherwise
applicable Tier 4 NOX and HC standards, as described in paragraph (j) of this section.

(c) Smoke standards. The smoke opacity standards specified in Table
3 to this section apply only for locomotives certified to one or more PM
standards or FELs greater than 0.05 g/bhp-hr. Smoke emissions, when
measured in accordance with the provisions of Subpart F of this part,
shall not exceed these standards.

Table 3 to Sec. 1033.101--Smoke Standards for Locomotives (Percent Opacity)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Steady-state 30-sec peak 3-sec peak
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tier 0.......................................................... 30 40 50
Tier 1.......................................................... 25 40 50
Tier 2 and later................................................ 20 40 50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) Averaging, banking, and trading. You may generate or use
emission credits under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program
as described in subpart H of this part to comply with the NOX
and/or PM standards of this part. You may also use ABT to comply with
the Tier 4 HC standards of this part as described in paragraph (j) of
this section. Generating or using emission credits requires that you
specify a family emission limit (FEL) for each pollutant you include in
the ABT program for each engine family. These FELs serve as the emission
standards for the engine family with respect to all required testing
instead of the standards specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
section. FELs may not be higher than the following limits:
(1) FELs for Tier 0 and Tier 1 locomotives originally manufactured
before 2002 may have any value.
(2) FELs for Tier 1 locomotives originally manufactured 2002 through
2004 may not exceed 9.5 g/bhp-hr for NOX emissions or 0.60 g/
bhp-hr for PM emissions measured over the line-haul duty cycle. FELs for
these locomotives may not exceed 14.4 g/bhp-hr for NOX
emissions or 0.72 g/bhp-hr for PM emissions measured over the switch
duty cycle.
(3) FELs for Tier 2 and Tier 3 locomotives may not exceed the Tier 1
standards of this section.
(4) FELs for Tier 4 locomotives may not exceed the Tier 3 standards
of this section.
(e) Notch standards. (1) Exhaust emissions from locomotives may not
exceed the notch standards specified in paragraph (e)(2) of this
section, except as allowed in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, when
measured using any test procedures under any test conditions.
(2) Except as specified in paragraph (e)(5) of this section,
calculate the applicable notch standards for each pollutant for each
notch from the certified notch emission rate as follows:

Notch standard = (Ei) x (1.1 + (1--ELHi/std))

Where:

Ei = The deteriorated brake-specific emission rate (for
pollutant i) for the notch (i.e., the brake-specific emission rate
calculated under subpart F of this part, adjusted by the deterioration
factor in the application for certification); where i is NOX,
HC, CO or PM.
ELHi = The deteriorated line-haul duty-cycle weighted brake-
specific emission rate for pollutant i, as reported in the application
for certification, except as specified in paragraph (e)(6) of this
section.

[[Page 17]]

std = The applicable line-haul duty-cycle standard/FEL, except as
specified in paragraph (e)(6) of this section.

(3) Exhaust emissions that exceed the notch standards specified in
paragraph (e)(2) of this section are allowed only if one of the
following is true:
(i) The same emission controls are applied during the test
conditions causing the noncompliance as were applied during
certification test conditions (and to the same degree).
(ii) The exceedance result from a design feature that was described
(including its effect on emissions) in the approved application for
certification, and is:
(A) Necessary for safety;
(B) Addresses infrequent regeneration of an aftertreatment device;
or
(C) Otherwise allowed by this part.
(4) Since you are only required to test your locomotive at the
highest emitting dynamic brake point, the notch caps that you calculate
for the dynamic brake point that you test also apply for other dynamic
brake points.
(5) No PM notch caps apply for locomotives certified to a PM
standard or FEL of 0.05 g/bhp-hr or lower.
(6) For switch locomotives that are not subject to line-haul
standards, ELH\i\ equals the deteriorated switch duty-cycle weighted
brake-specific emission rate for pollutant i and std is the applicable
switch cycle standard/FEL.
(f) Fuels. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply for
locomotives using the fuel type on which the locomotives in the engine
family are designed to operate.
(1) You must meet the numerical emission standards for HC in this
section based on the following types of hydrocarbon emissions for
locomotives powered by the following fuels:
(i) Alcohol-fueled locomotives: THCE emissions for Tier 3 and
earlier locomotives and NMHCE for Tier 4.
(ii) Gaseous-fueled locomotives: NMHC emissions.
(iii) Diesel-fueled and other locomotives: THC emissions for Tier 3
and earlier locomotives and NMHC for Tier 4. Note that manufacturers/
remanufacturers may choose to not measure NMHC and assume that NMHC is
equal to THC multiplied by 0.98 for diesel-fueled locomotives.
(2) You must certify your diesel-fueled locomotives to use the
applicable grades of diesel fuel as follows:
(i) Certify your Tier 4 and later diesel-fueled locomotives for
operation with only Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel. Use ULSD as the
test fuel for these locomotives.
(ii) Certify your Tier 3 and earlier diesel-fueled locomotives for
operation with only ULSD fuel if they include sulfur-sensitive
technology and you demonstrate compliance using a ULSD test fuel.
(iii) Certify your Tier 3 and earlier diesel-fueled locomotives for
operation with either ULSD fuel or Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel if they
do not include sulfur-sensitive technology or if you demonstrate
compliance using an LSD test fuel (including commercial LSD fuel).
(iv) For Tier 1 and earlier diesel-fueled locomotives, if you
demonstrate compliance using a ULSD test fuel, you must adjust the
measured PM emissions upward by 0.01 g/bhp-hr to make them equivalent to
tests with LSD. We will not apply this adjustment for our testing.
(g) Useful life. The emission standards and requirements in this
subpart apply to the emissions from new locomotives for their useful
life. The useful life is generally specified as MW-hrs and years, and
ends when either of the values (MW-hrs or years) is exceeded or the
locomotive is remanufactured.
(1) The minimum useful life in terms of MW-hrs is equal to the
product of the rated horsepower multiplied by 7.50. The minimum useful
life in terms of years is ten years. For locomotives originally
manufactured before January 1, 2000 and not equipped with MW-hr meters,
the minimum useful life is equal to 750,000 miles or ten years,
whichever is reached first. See Sec. 1033.140 for provisions related to
rated power.
(2) You must specify a longer useful life if the locomotive or
locomotive engine is designed to last longer than the applicable minimum
useful life. Recommending a time to remanufacture that is longer than
the minimum useful life is one indicator of a longer design life.

[[Page 18]]

(3) Manufacturers/remanufacturers of locomotives with non-
locomotive-specific engines (as defined in Sec. 1033.901) may ask us
(before certification) to allow a shorter useful life for an engine
family containing only non-locomotive-specific engines. We may approve a
shorter useful life, in MW-hrs of locomotive operation but not in years,
if we determine that these locomotives will rarely operate longer than
the shorter useful life. If engines identical to those in the engine
family have already been produced and are in use, your demonstration
must include documentation from such in-use engines. In other cases,
your demonstration must include an engineering analysis of information
equivalent to such in-use data, such as data from research engines or
similar engine models that are already in production. Your demonstration
must also include any overhaul interval that you recommend, any
mechanical warranty that you offer for the engine or its components, and
any relevant customer design specifications. Your demonstration may
include any other relevant information.
(4) Remanufacturers of locomotive or locomotive engine
configurations that have been previously certified under paragraph
(g)(3) of this section to a useful life that is shorter than the value
specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section may certify to that same
shorter useful life value without request.
(5) In unusual circumstances, you may ask us to allow you to certify
some locomotives in your engine family to a partial useful life. This
allowance is limited to cases in which some or all of the locomotive's
power assemblies have been operated previously such that the locomotive
will need to be remanufactured prior to the end of the otherwise
applicable useful life. Unless we specify otherwise, define the partial
useful life based on the total MW-hrs since the last remanufacture to be
consistent with other locomotives in the family. For example, this may
apply for a previously uncertified locomotive that becomes ``new'' when
it is imported, but that was remanufactured two years earlier
(representing 25 percent of the normal useful life period). If such a
locomotive could be brought into compliance with the applicable
standards without being remanufactured, you may ask to include it in
your engine family for the remaining 75 percent of its useful life
period.
(h) Applicability for testing. The emission standards in this
subpart apply to all testing, including certification testing,
production-line testing, and in-use testing.
(i) Alternate CO standards. Manufacturers/remanufacturers may
certify Tier 0, Tier 1, or Tier 2 locomotives to an alternate CO
emission standard of 10.0 g/bhp-hr instead of the otherwise applicable
CO standard if they also certify those locomotives to alternate PM
standards less than or equal to one-half of the otherwise applicable PM
standard. For example, a manufacturer certifying Tier 1 locomotives to a
0.11 g/bhp-hr PM standard may certify those locomotives to the alternate
CO standard of 10.0 g/bhp-hr.
(j) Alternate NOX+HC standards for Tier 4. Manufacturers/
remanufacturers may use credits accumulated through the ABT program to
certify Tier 4 locomotives to an alternate NOX+HC emission
standard of 1.4 g/bhp-hr (instead of the otherwise applicable
NOX and NMHC standards). You may use NOX credits
to show compliance with this standard by certifying your family to a
NOX+HC FEL. Calculate the NOX credits needed as
specified in subpart H of this part using the NOX+HC emission
standard and FEL in the calculation instead of the otherwise applicable
NOX standard and FEL. You may not generate credits relative
to the alternate standard or certify to the standard without using
credits.
(k) Upgrading. Upgraded locomotives that were originally
manufactured prior to January 1, 1973 are subject to the Tier 0
standards. (See the definition of upgrade in Sec. 1033.901.)
(l) Other optional standard provisions. Locomotives may be certified
to a higher tier of standards than would otherwise be required. Tier 0
switch locomotives may be certified to both the line-haul and switch
cycle standards. In both cases, once the locomotives become subject to
the additional standards, they remain subject to those

[[Page 19]]

standards for the remainder of their service lives.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59188, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 22982, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.102 Transition to the standards of this part.

(a) Except as specified in Sec. 1033.150(a), the Tier 0 and Tier 1
standards of Sec. 1033.101 apply for new locomotives beginning January
1, 2010, except as specified in Sec. 1033.150(a). The Tier 0 and Tier 1
standards of 40 CFR part 92 apply for earlier model years.
(b) Except as specified in Sec. 1033.150(a), the Tier 2 standards
of Sec. 1033.101 apply for new locomotives beginning January 1, 2013.
The Tier 2 standards of 40 CFR part 92 apply for earlier model years.
(c) The Tier 3 and Tier 4 standards of Sec. 1033.101 apply for the
model years specified in that section.

Sec. 1033.110 Emission diagnostics--general requirements.

The provisions of this section apply if you equip your locomotives
with a diagnostic system that will detect significant malfunctions in
their emission-control systems and you choose to base your emission-
related maintenance instructions on such diagnostics. See Sec. 1033.420
for information about how to select and maintain diagnostic-equipped
locomotives for in-use testing. Notify the owner/operator that the
presence of this diagnostic system affects their maintenance obligations
under Sec. 1033.815. Except as specified in Sec. 1033.112, this
section does not apply for diagnostics that you do not include in your
emission-related maintenance instructions. The provisions of this
section address diagnostic systems based on malfunction-indicator lights
(MILs). You may ask to use other indicators instead of MILs.
(a) The MIL must be readily visible to the operator. When the MIL
goes on, it must display ``Check Emission Controls'' or a similar
message that we approve. You may use sound in addition to the light
signal.
(b) To ensure that owner/operators consider MIL illumination
seriously, you may not illuminate it for malfunctions that would not
otherwise require maintenance. This section does not limit your ability
to display other indicator lights or messages, as long as they are
clearly distinguishable from MILs affecting the owner/operator's
maintenance obligations under Sec. 1033.815.
(c) Control when the MIL can go out. If the MIL goes on to show a
malfunction, it must remain on during all later engine operation until
servicing corrects the malfunction. If the engine is not serviced, but
the malfunction does not recur during the next 24 hours, the MIL may
stay off during later engine operation.
(d) Record and store in computer memory any diagnostic trouble codes
showing a malfunction that should illuminate the MIL. The stored codes
must identify the malfunctioning system or component as uniquely as
possible. Make these codes available through the data link connector as
described in paragraph (e) of this section. You may store codes for
conditions that do not turn on the MIL. The system must store a separate
code to show when the diagnostic system is disabled (from malfunction or
tampering). Provide instructions to the owner/operator regarding how to
interpret malfunction codes.
(e) Make data, access codes, and devices accessible. Make all
required data accessible to us without any access codes or devices that
only you can supply. Ensure that anyone servicing your locomotive can
read and understand the diagnostic trouble codes stored in the onboard
computer with generic tools and information.
(f) Follow standard references for formats, codes, and connections.

Sec. 1033.112 Emission diagnostics for SCR systems.

Engines equipped with SCR systems using separate reductant tanks
must also meet the requirements of this section in addition to the
requirements of Sec. 1033.110. This section does not apply for SCR
systems using the engine's fuel as the reductant.
(a) The diagnostic system must monitor reductant quality and tank
levels and alert operators to the need to refill the reductant tank
before it is empty, or to replace the reductant if it does

[[Page 20]]

not meet your concentration specifications. Unless we approve other
alerts, use a malfunction-indicator light (MIL) as specified in Sec.
1033.110 and an audible alarm. You do not need to separately monitor
reductant quality if you include an exhaust NOX sensor (or
other sensor) that allows you to determine inadequate reductant quality.
However, tank level must be monitored in all cases.
(b) Your onboard computer must record in nonvolatile computer memory
all incidents of engine operation with inadequate reductant injection or
reductant quality. It must record the total amount of operation without
adequate reductant. It may total the operation by hours, work, or excess
NOX emissions.

Sec. 1033.115 Other requirements.

Locomotives that are required to meet the emission standards of this
part must meet the requirements of this section. These requirements
apply when the locomotive is new (for freshly manufactured or
remanufactured locomotives) and continue to apply throughout the useful
life.
(a) Crankcase emissions. Crankcase emissions may not be discharged
directly into the ambient atmosphere from any locomotive, except as
follows:
(1) Locomotives may discharge crankcase emissions to the ambient
atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust emissions (either
physically or mathematically) during all emission testing. If you take
advantage of this exception, you must do both of the following things:
(i) Manufacture the locomotives so that all crankcase emissions can
be routed into the applicable sampling systems specified in 40 CFR part
1065, consistent with good engineering judgment.
(ii) Account for deterioration in crankcase emissions when
determining exhaust deterioration factors.
(2) For purposes of this paragraph (a), crankcase emissions that are
routed to the exhaust upstream of exhaust aftertreatment during all
operation are not considered to be discharged directly into the ambient
atmosphere.
(b) Adjustable parameters. Locomotives that have adjustable
parameters must meet all the requirements of this part for any
adjustment in the approved adjustable range. You must specify in your
application for certification the adjustable range of each adjustable
parameter on a new locomotive or new locomotive engine to:
(1) Ensure that safe locomotive operating characteristics are
available within that range, as required by section 202(a)(4) of the
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521(a)(4)), taking into consideration the
production tolerances.
(2) Limit the physical range of adjustability to the maximum extent
practicable to the range that is necessary for proper operation of the
locomotive or locomotive engine.
(c) Prohibited controls. You may not design or produce your
locomotives with emission control devices, systems, or elements of
design that cause or contribute to an unreasonable risk to public
health, welfare, or safety while operating. For example, this would
apply if the locomotive emits a noxious or toxic substance it would
otherwise not emit that contributes to such an unreasonable risk.
(d) Evaporative and refueling controls. For locomotives fueled with
a volatile fuel you must design and produce them to minimize evaporative
emissions during normal operation, including periods when the engine is
shut down. You must also design and produce them to minimize the escape
of fuel vapors during refueling. Hoses used to refuel gaseous-fueled
locomotives may not be designed to be bled or vented to the atmosphere
under normal operating conditions. No valves or pressure relief vents
may be used on gaseous-fueled locomotives except as emergency safety
devices that do not operate at normal system operating flows and
pressures.
(e) Altitude requirements. All locomotives must be designed to
include features that compensate for changes in altitude so that the
locomotives will comply with the applicable emission standards when
operated at any altitude less than:
(1) 7000 feet above sea level for line-haul locomotives.
(2) 5500 feet above sea level for switch locomotives.
(f) Defeat devices. You may not equip your locomotives with a defeat
device.

[[Page 21]]

A defeat device is an auxiliary emission control device (AECD) that
reduces the effectiveness of emission controls under conditions that the
locomotive may reasonably be expected to encounter during normal
operation and use.
(1) This does not apply to AECDs you identify in your application
for certification if any of the following is true:
(i) The conditions of concern were substantially included in the
applicable duty cycle test procedures described in subpart F of this
part.
(ii) You show your design is necessary to prevent locomotive damage
or accidents.
(iii) The reduced effectiveness applies only to starting the
locomotive.
(iv) The locomotive emissions when the AECD is functioning are at or
below the notch caps of Sec. 1033.101.
(2) This does not apply to AECDs related to hotel mode that conform
to the specifications of this paragraph (f)(2). This provision is
intended for AECDs that have the primary function of operating the
engine at a different speed than would be done to generate the same
propulsive power when not operating in hotel mode. Identify and describe
these AECDs in your application for certification. We may allow the
AECDs to modify engine calibrations where we determine that such
modifications are environmentally beneficial or needed for proper engine
function. You must obtain preliminary approval under Sec. 1033.210
before incorporating such modifications. Otherwise, you must apply the
same injection timing and intake air cooling strategies in hotel mode
and non-hotel mode.
(g) Idle controls. All new locomotives must be equipped with
automatic engine stop/start as described in this paragraph (g). All new
locomotives must be designed to allow the engine(s) to be restarted at
least six times per day without causing engine damage that would affect
the expected interval between remanufacturing. Note that it is a
violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1) to circumvent the provisions of this
paragraph (g).
(1) Except as allowed by paragraph (g)(2) of this section, the stop/
start systems must shut off the main locomotive engine(s) after 30
minutes of idling (or less).
(2) Stop/start systems may restart or continue idling for the
following reasons:
(i) To prevent engine damage such as to prevent the engine coolant
from freezing.
(ii) To maintain air pressure for brakes or starter system, or to
recharge the locomotive battery.
(iii) To perform necessary maintenance.
(iv) To otherwise comply with federal regulations.
(3) You may ask to use alternate stop/start systems that will
achieve equivalent idle control.
(4) See Sec. 1033.201 for provisions that allow you to obtain a
separate certificate for idle controls.
(5) It is not considered circumvention to allow a locomotive to idle
to heat or cool the cab, provided such heating or cooling is necessary.
(h) Power meters. Tier 1 and later locomotives must be equipped with
MW-hr meters (or the equivalent) consistent with the specifications of
Sec. 1033.140.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59189, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 22982, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.120 Emission-related warranty requirements.

(a) General requirements. Manufacturers/remanufacturers must warrant
to the ultimate purchaser and each subsequent purchaser that the new
locomotive, including all parts of its emission control system, meets
two conditions:
(1) It is designed, built, and equipped so it conforms at the time
of sale to the ultimate purchaser with the requirements of this part.
(2) It is free from defects in materials and workmanship that may
keep it from meeting these requirements.
(b) Warranty period. Except as specified in this paragraph, the
minimum warranty period is one-third of the useful life. Your emission-
related warranty must be valid for at least as long as the minimum
warranty periods listed in this paragraph (b) in MW-hrs of

[[Page 22]]

operation (or miles for Tier 0 locomotives not equipped with MW-hr
meters) and years, whichever comes first. You may offer an emission-
related warranty more generous than we require. The emission-related
warranty for the locomotive may not be shorter than any published
warranty you offer without charge for the locomotive. Similarly, the
emission-related warranty for any component may not be shorter than any
published warranty you offer without charge for that component. If you
provide an extended warranty to individual owners for any components
covered in paragraph (c) of this section for an additional charge, your
emission-related warranty must cover those components for those owners
to the same degree. If the locomotive does not record MW-hrs, we base
the warranty periods in this paragraph (b) only on years. The warranty
period begins when the locomotive is placed into service, or back into
service after remanufacture.
(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all
components whose failure would increase a locomotive's emissions of any
regulated pollutant. This includes components listed in 40 CFR part
1068, Appendix I, and components from any other system you develop to
control emissions. The emission-related warranty covers the components
you sell even if another company produces the component. Your emission-
related warranty does not need to cover components whose failure would
not increase a locomotive's emissions of any regulated pollutant. For
remanufactured locomotives, your emission-related warranty is required
to cover only those parts that you supply or those parts for which you
specify allowable part manufacturers. It does not need to cover used
parts that are not replaced during the remanufacture.
(d) Limited applicability. You may deny warranty claims under this
section if the operator caused the problem through improper maintenance
or use, as described in 40 CFR 1068.115.
(e) Owners manual. Describe in the owners manual the emission-
related warranty provisions from this section that apply to the
locomotive.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59189, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 22983, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.125 Maintenance instructions.

Give the owner of each new locomotive written instructions for
properly maintaining and using the locomotive, including the emission-
control system. Include in the instructions a notification that owners
and operators must comply with the requirements of subpart I of this
part 1033. The emission-related maintenance instructions also apply to
any service accumulation on your emission-data locomotives, as described
in Sec. 1033.245 and in 40 CFR part 1065. If you equip your locomotives
with a diagnostic system that will detect significant malfunctions in
their emission-control systems, specify the extent to which your
emission-related maintenance instructions include such diagnostics.

Sec. 1033.130 Instructions for engine remanufacturing or engine installation.

(a) If you do not complete assembly of the new locomotive (such as
selling a kit that allows someone else to remanufacture a locomotive
under your certificate), give the assembler instructions for completing
assembly consistent with the requirements of this part. Include all
information necessary to ensure that the locomotive will be assembled in
its certified configuration.
(b) Make sure these instructions have the following information:
(1) Include the heading: ``Emission-related assembly instructions''
(2) Describe any instructions necessary to make sure the assembled
locomotive will operate according to design specifications in your
application for certification.
(3) Describe how to properly label the locomotive. This will
generally include instructions to remove and destroy the previous Engine
Emission Control Information label.
(4) State one of the following as applicable:

[[Page 23]]

(i) ``Failing to follow these instructions when remanufacturing a
locomotive or locomotive engine violates federal law (40 CFR
1068.105(b)), and may subject you to fines or other penalties as
described in the Clean Air Act.''
(ii) ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing this
locomotive engine violates federal law (40 CFR 1068.105(b)), and may
subject you to fines or other penalties as described in the Clean Air
Act.''
(c) You do not need installation instructions for locomotives you
assemble.
(d) Provide instructions in writing or in an equivalent format. For
example, you may post instructions on a publicly available Web site for
downloading or printing. If you do not provide the instructions in
writing, explain in your application for certification how you will
ensure that each assembler is informed of the assembly requirements.
(e) Your emission-related assembly instructions may not include
specifications for parts unrelated to emissions. For the basic
mechanical parts listed in this paragraph (e), you may not specify a
part manufacturer unless we determine that such a specification is
necessary. You may include design specifications for such parts
addressing the dimensions and material constraints as necessary. You may
also specify a part number, as long you make it clear that alternate
part suppliers may be used. This paragraph (e) covers the following
parts or other parts we determine qualify as basic mechanical parts:
(1) Intake and exhaust valves.
(2) Intake and exhaust valve retainers.
(3) Intake and exhaust valve springs.
(4) Intake and exhaust valve rotators.
(5) Oil coolers.

Sec. 1033.135 Labeling.

As described in this section, each locomotive must have a label on
the locomotive and a separate label on the engine. The label on the
locomotive stays on the locomotive throughout its service life. It
generally identifies the original certification of the locomotive, which
is when it was originally manufactured for Tier 1 and later locomotives.
The label on the engine is replaced each time the locomotive is
remanufactured and identifies the most recent certification.
(a) Serial numbers. At the point of original manufacture, assign
each locomotive and each locomotive engine a serial number or other
unique identification number and permanently affix, engrave, or stamp
the number on the locomotive and engine in a legible way.
(b) Locomotive labels. (1) Locomotive labels meeting the
specifications of paragraph (b)(2) of this section must be applied as
follows:
(i) The manufacturer must apply a locomotive label at the point of
original manufacture.
(ii) The remanufacturer must apply a locomotive label at the point
of original remanufacture, unless the locomotive was labeled by the
original manufacturer.
(iii) Any remanufacturer certifying a locomotive to an FEL or
standard different from the previous FEL or standard to which the
locomotive was previously certified must apply a locomotive label.
(2) The locomotive label must meet all of the following criteria:
(i) The label must be permanent and legible and affixed to the
locomotive in a position in which it will remain readily visible. Attach
it to a locomotive chassis part necessary for normal operation and not
normally requiring replacement during the service life of the
locomotive. You may not attach this label to the engine or to any
equipment that is easily detached from the locomotive. Attach the label
so that it cannot be removed without destroying or defacing the label.
For Tier 0 and Tier 1 locomotives, the label may be made up of more than
one piece, as long as all pieces are permanently attached to the
locomotive.
(ii) The label must be lettered in the English language using a
color that contrasts with the background of the label.
(iii) The label must include all the following information:
(A) The label heading: ``ORIGINAL LOCOMOTIVE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION.'' Manufacturers/remanufacturers may add a subheading

[[Page 24]]

to distinguish this label from the engine label described in paragraph
(c) of this section.
(B) Full corporate name and trademark of the manufacturer (or
remanufacturer).
(C) The applicable engine family and configuration identification.
In the case of locomotive labels applied by the manufacturer at the
point of original manufacture, this will be the engine family and
configuration identification of the certificate applicable to the
freshly manufactured locomotive. In the case of locomotive labels
applied by a remanufacturer during remanufacture, this will be the
engine family and configuration identification of the certificate under
which the remanufacture is being performed.
(D) Date of original manufacture of the locomotive, as defined in
Sec. 1033.901.
(E) The standards/FELs to which the locomotive was certified and the
following statement: ``THIS LOCOMOTIVE MUST COMPLY WITH THESE EMISSION
LEVELS EACH TIME THAT IT IS REMANUFACTURED, EXCEPT AS ALLOWED BY 40 CFR
1033.750.''
(3) Label diesel-fueled locomotives near the fuel inlet to identify
the allowable fuels, consistent with Sec. 1033.101. For example, Tier 4
locomotives should be labeled ``ULTRA LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUEL ONLY''. You
do not need to label Tier 3 and earlier locomotives certified for use
with both LSD and ULSD.
(c) Engine labels. (1) For engines not requiring aftertreatment
devices, apply engine labels meeting the specifications of paragraph
(c)(2) of this section once an engine has been assembled in its
certified configuration. For engines that require aftertreatment
devices, apply the label after the engine has been fully assembled,
which may occur before installing the aftertreatment devices. These
labels must be applied by:
(i) The manufacturer at the point of original manufacture; and
(ii) The remanufacturer at the point of each remanufacture
(including the original remanufacture and subsequent remanufactures).
(2) The engine label must meet all of the following criteria:
(i) The label must be durable throughout the useful life of the
engine, be legible and affixed to the engine in a position in which it
will be readily visible after installation of the engine in the
locomotive. Attach it to an engine part necessary for normal operation
and not normally requiring replacement during the useful life of the
locomotive. You may not attach this label to any equipment that is
easily detached from the engine. Attach the label so it cannot be
removed without destroying or defacing the label. The label may be made
up of more than one piece, as long as all pieces are permanently
attached to the same engine part.
(ii) The label must be lettered in the English language using a
color that contrasts with the background of the label.
(iii) The label must include all the following information:
(A) The label heading: ``ENGINE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION.''
Manufacturers/remanufacturers may add a subheading to distinguish this
label from the locomotive label described in paragraph (b) of this
section.
(B) Full corporate name and trademark of the manufacturer/
remanufacturer.
(C) Engine family and configuration identification as specified in
the certificate under which the locomotive is being manufactured or
remanufactured.
(D) A prominent unconditional statement of compliance with U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency regulations which apply to locomotives,
as applicable:
(1) ``This locomotive conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to
Tier 0+ switch locomotives.''
(2) ``This locomotive conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to
Tier 0+ line-haul locomotives.''
(3) ``This locomotive conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to
Tier 1+ locomotives.''
(4) ``This locomotive conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to
Tier 2+ locomotives.''
(5) ``This locomotive conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to
Tier 3 switch locomotives.''

[[Page 25]]

(6) ``This locomotive conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to
Tier 3 line-haul locomotives.''
(7) ``This locomotive conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to
Tier 4 switch locomotives.''
(8) ``This locomotive conforms to U.S. EPA regulations applicable to
Tier 4 line-haul locomotives.''
(E) The useful life of the locomotive.
(F) The standards/FELS to which the locomotive was certified.
(iv) You may include other critical operating instructions such as
specifications for adjustments or reductant use for SCR systems.
(d) You may add information to the emission control information
label as follows:
(1) You may identify other emission standards that the engine/
locomotive meets or does not meet (such as international standards). You
may include this information by adding it to the statement we specify or
by including a separate statement.
(2) You may add other information to ensure that the locomotive will
be properly maintained and used.
(3) You may add appropriate features to prevent counterfeit labels.
For example, you may include the engine's unique identification number
on the label.
(e) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
part 1033 if you show that it is necessary or appropriate. We will
approve your request if your alternate label is consistent with the
requirements of this part.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59189, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1033.140 Rated power.

This section describes how to determine the rated power of a
locomotive for the purposes of this part.
(a) A locomotive configuration's rated power is the maximum brake
power point on the nominal power curve for the locomotive configuration,
as defined in this section. See Sec. 1033.901 for the definition of
brake power. Round the power value to the nearest whole horsepower.
Generally, this will be the brake power of the engine in notch 8.
(b) The nominal power curve of a locomotive configuration is its
maximum available brake power at each possible operator demand setpoint
or ``notch''. See 40 CFR 1065.1001 for the definition of operator
demand. The maximum available power at each operator demand setpoint is
based on your design and production specifications for that locomotive.
The nominal power curve does not include any operator demand setpoints
that are not achievable during in-use operation. For example, for a
locomotive with only eight discrete operator demand setpoints, or
notches, the nominal power curve would be a series of eight power points
versus notch, rather than a continuous curve.
(c) The nominal power curve must be within the range of the actual
power curves of production locomotives considering normal production
variability. If after production begins it is determined that your
nominal power curve does not represent production locomotives, we may
require you to amend your application for certification under Sec.
1033.225.
(d) For the purpose of determining useful life, you may need to use
a rated power based on power other than brake power according to the
provisions of this paragraph (d). The useful life must be based on the
power measured by the locomotive's megawatt-hour meter. For example, if
your megawatt-hour meter reads and records the electrical work output of
the alternator/generator rather than the brake power of the engine, and
the power output of the alternator/generator at notch 8 is 4000
horsepower, calculate your useful life as 30,000MW-hrs (7.5 x 4000).

Sec. 1033.150 Interim provisions.

The provisions of this section apply instead of other provisions of
this part for a limited time. This section describes when these
provisions apply.
(a) Early availability of Tier 0, Tier 1, or Tier 2 systems. Except
as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, for model years 2008
and 2009, you may remanufacture locomotives to meet the applicable
standards in 40 CFR part 92 only if no remanufacture system has been
certified to meet the standards of

[[Page 26]]

this part and is available at a reasonable cost at least 90 days prior
to the completion of the remanufacture as specified in paragraph (a)(3)
of this section. This same provision continues to apply after 2009, but
only for Tier 2 locomotives. Note that remanufacturers may certify
remanufacturing systems that will not be available at a reasonable cost;
however such certification does not trigger the requirements of this
paragraph (a).
(1) For the purpose of this paragraph (a), ``available at a
reasonable cost'' means available for use where all of the following are
true:
(i) The total incremental cost to the owner and operators of the
locomotive due to meeting the new standards (including initial hardware,
increased fuel consumption, and increased maintenance costs) during the
useful life of the locomotive is less than $250,000, adjusted as
specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section.
(ii) The initial incremental hardware costs are reasonably related
to the technology included in the remanufacturing system and are less
than $125,000, adjusted as specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this
section.
(iii) The remanufactured locomotive will have reliability throughout
its useful life that is similar to the reliability the locomotive would
have had if it had been remanufactured without the certified
remanufacture system.
(iv) The remanufacturer must demonstrate at the time of
certification that the system meets the requirements of this paragraph
(a)(1).
(v) The system does not generate or use emission credits.
(2) The number of locomotives that each railroad must remanufacture
under this paragraph (a) is capped as follows:
(i) For the period October 3, 2008 to December 31, 2008, the maximum
number of locomotives that a railroad must remanufacture under this
paragraph (a) is 50 percent of the total number of the railroad's
locomotives that are remanufactured during this period under this part
or 40 CFR part 92. Include in the calculation both locomotives you own
and locomotives you lease.
(ii) For the period January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009, the
maximum number of locomotives that a railroad must remanufacture under
this paragraph (a) is 70 percent of the total number of the railroad's
locomotives that are remanufactured during this period under this part
or 40 CFR part 92. Include in the calculation both locomotives you own
and locomotives you lease.
(3) Remanufacturers applying for certificates under this paragraph
(a) are responsible to notify owner/operators (and other customers as
applicable) that they have requested such certificates. The notification
should occur at the same time that the remanufacturer submits its
application, and should include a description of the remanufacturing
system, price, expected incremental operating costs, and draft copies of
your installation and maintenance instructions. The system is considered
to be available for a customer 120 days after this notification, or 90
days after the certificate is issued, whichever is later. Where we issue
a certificate of conformity under this part based on carryover data from
an engine family that we previously considered available for the
configuration, the system is considered to be available when we issue
the certificate.
(4) Estimate costs as follows:
(i) The cost limits described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section
are specified in terms of 2007 dollars. Adjust these values for future
years according to the following equation:

Actual Limit = (2007 Limit) x [(0.6000) x (Commodity Index) + (0.4000) x
(Earnings Index)]

Where:

2007 Limit = The value specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section
($250,000 or $125,000).
Commodity Index = The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Producer Price
Index for Industrial Commodities Less Fuel (Series WPU03T15M05) for the
month prior to the date you submit your application divided by 173.1.
Earnings Index = The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Estimated Average
Hourly Earnings of Production Workers for Durable Manufacturing (Series
CES3100000008) for the month prior to the date you submit your
application divided by 18.26.

(ii) Calculate all costs in current dollars (for the month prior to
the date you submit your application). Calculate fuel costs based on a
fuel price

[[Page 27]]

adjusted by the Association of American Railroads' monthly railroad fuel
price index (P), which is available at https://www.aar.org//media/AAR/
RailCostIndexes/Index--MonthlyFuelPrices.ashx. (Use the value for the
column in which P equals 539.8 for November 2007.) Calculate a new fuel
price using the following equation:

Fuel Price = ($2.76 per gallon) x (P/539.8)

(b) Idle controls. A locomotive equipped with an automatic engine
stop/start system that was originally installed before January 1, 2009
and that conforms to the requirements of Sec. 1033.115(g) is deemed to
be covered by a certificate of conformity with respect to the
requirements of Sec. 1033.115(g). Note that the provisions of subpart C
of this part also allow you to apply for a conventional certificate of
conformity for such systems.
(c) Locomotive labels for transition to new standards. This
paragraph (c) applies when you remanufacture a locomotive that was
previously certified under 40 CFR part 92. You must remove the old
locomotive label and replace it with the locomotive label specified in
Sec. 1033.135.
(d) Small manufacturer/remanufacturer provisions. The production-
line testing requirements and in-use testing requirements of this part
do not apply until January 1, 2013 for manufacturers/remanufacturers
that qualify as small manufacturers under Sec. 1033.901.
(e) Producing switch locomotives using certified nonroad engines.
You may use the provisions of this paragraph (e) to produce any number
of freshly manufactured or refurbished switch locomotives in model years
2008 through 2017. Locomotives produced under this paragraph (e) are
exempt from the standards and requirements of this part and 40 CFR part
92 subject to the following provisions:
(1) All of the engines on the switch locomotive must be covered by a
certificate of conformity issued under 40 CFR part 89 or 1039 for model
year 2008 or later (or earlier model years if the same standards applied
as in 2008). Engines over 750 hp certified to the Tier 4 standards for
non-generator set engines are not eligible for this allowance after
2014.
(2) You must reasonably project that more of the engines will be
sold and used for non-locomotive use than for use in locomotives.
(3) You may not generate or use locomotive credits under this part
for these locomotives.
(4) Include the following statement on a permanent locomotive label:
``THIS LOCOMOTIVE WAS CERTIFIED UNDER 40 CFR 1033.150(e). THE ENGINES
USED IN THIS LOCOMOTIVE ARE SUBJECT TO REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR PARTS 1039
(or 89) AND 1068.''
(5) The rebuilding requirements of 40 CFR part 1068 apply when
remanufacturing engines used in these locomotives.
(f) In-use compliance limits. For purposes of determining compliance
other than for certification or production-line testing, calculate the
applicable in-use compliance limits by adjusting the applicable
standards/FELs. The PM adjustment applies only for model year 2017 and
earlier locomotives and does not apply for locomotives with a PM FEL
higher than 0.03 g/bhp-hr. The NOX adjustment applies only
for model year 2017 and earlier locomotives and does not apply for
locomotives with a NOX FEL higher than 2.0 g/bhp-hr. Add the
applicable adjustments in Tables 1 or 2 of this section (which follow)
to the otherwise applicable standards (or FELs) and notch caps. You must
specify during certification which add-ons, if any, will apply for your
locomotives.

Table 1 to Sec. 1033.150--In-use Adjustments for Tier 4 Locomotives
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In-use adjustments (g/bhp-hr)
-------------------------------
For model year For model year
Fraction of useful life already used 2017 and 2017 and
earlier Tier 4 earlier Tier 4
NOX standards PM standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 < MW-hrs <= 50% of UL................. 0.7 0.01

[[Page 28]]

50 < MW-hrs <= 75% of UL................ 1.0 0.01
MW-hrs 75% of UL............ 1.3 0.01
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 2 to Sec. 1033.150--Optional In-Use Adjustments for Tier 4
Locomotives
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In-use adjustments (g/bhp-hr)
-----------------------------------
For model year For model year
Fraction of useful life already used 2017 and earlier 2017 and earlier
Tier 4 NOX Tier 4 PM
standards standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 < MW-hrs <= 50% of UL............. 0.2 0.03
50 < MW-hrs <= 75% of UL............ 0.3 0.03
MW-hrs 75% of UL........ 0.4 0.03
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(g) Optional interim Tier 4 compliance provisions for NOX
emissions. For model years 2015 through 2022, manufacturers may choose
to certify some or all of their Tier 4 line-haul engine families
according to the optional compliance provisions of this paragraph (g).
The following provisions apply to all locomotives in those families:
(1) The provisions of this paragraph (g) apply instead of the
deterioration factor requirements of Sec. Sec. 1033.240 and 1033.245
for NOX emissions. You must certify that the locomotives in
the engine family will conform to the requirements of this paragraph (g)
for their full useful lives.
(2) The applicable NOX emission standard for locomotives
certified under this paragraph (g) is:
(i) 1.3 g/bhp-hr for locomotives that have accumulated less than 50
hours of operation.
(ii) 1.3 plus 0.6 g/bhp-hr for locomotives that have accumulated 50
hours or more of operation.
(3) The engine family may not generate NOX emission
credits.
(4) The design certification provisions of Sec. 1033.240(c) do not
apply for these locomotives for the next remanufacture.
(5) Manufacturers must comply with the production-line testing
program in subpart D of this part for these engine families or the
following optional program:
(i) You are not required to test locomotives in the family under
subpart D of this part if you comply with the requirements of this
paragraph (g)(5).
(ii) Test the locomotives as specified in subpart E of this part,
with the following exceptions:
(A) The minimum test sample size is one percent of the number of
locomotives in the family or five, whichever is less.
(B) The locomotives must be tested after they have accumulated 50
hours or more of operation but before they have reached 50 percent of
their useful life.
(iii) The standards in this part for pollutants other than
NOX apply as specified for testing conducted under this
optional program.
(6) The engine family may use NOX emission credits to
comply with this paragraph (g). However, a 1.5 g/bhp-hr NOX
FEL cap applies for engine families certified under this paragraph (g).
The applicable standard for locomotives that have accumulated 50 hours
or more of operation is the FEL plus 0.6 g/bhp-hr.
(7) The in-use NOX add-ons specified in paragraph (f) of
this section do not apply for these locomotives.
(8) All other provisions of this part apply to such locomotives,
except as specified otherwise in this paragraph (g).
(h) Test procedures. You are generally required to use the test
procedures

[[Page 29]]

specified in subpart F of this part (including the applicable test
procedures in 40 CFR part 1065). As specified in this paragraph (h), you
may use a combination of the test procedures specified in this part and
the test procedures specified in 40 CFR part 92 prior to January 1,
2015. After this date, you must use only the test procedures specified
in this part.
(1) Prior to January 1, 2015, you may ask to use some or all of the
procedures specified in 40 CFR part 92 for locomotives certified under
this part 1033.
(2) If you ask to rely on a combination of procedures under this
paragraph (h), we will approve your request only if you show us that it
does not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable emission standards. Generally this requires that the combined
procedures would result in emission measurements at least as high as
those that would be measured using the procedures specified in this
part. Alternatively, you may demonstrate that the combined effects of
the different procedures is small relative to your compliance margin
(the degree to which your emissions are below the applicable standards).
(i) Certification testing. Prior to model year 2014, you may use the
simplified steady-state engine test procedure specified in this
paragraph (i) for certification testing. The normal certification
procedures and engine testing procedures apply, except as specified in
this paragraph (i).
(1) Use good engineering judgment to operate the engine consistent
with its expected operation in the locomotive, to the extent practical.
You are not required to exactly replicate the transient behavior of the
engine.
(2) You may delay sampling during notch transition for up to 20
seconds after you begin the notch change.
(3) We may require you provide additional information in your
application for certification to support the expectation that production
locomotives will meet all applicable emission standards when tested as
locomotives.
(4) You may not use this simplified procedure for production-line or
in-use testing.
(j) Administrative requirements. For model years 2008 and 2009, you
may use a combination of the administrative procedures specified in this
part and the test procedures specified in 40 CFR part 92. For example,
this would allow you to use the certification procedures of 40 CFR part
92 to apply for certificates under this part 1033.
(k) Test fuels. Testing performed during calendar years 2008 and
2009 may be performed using test fuels that meet the specifications of
40 CFR 92.113. If you do, adjust PM emissions downward by 0.04 g/bhp-hr
to account for the difference in sulfur content of the fuel.
(l) Refurbished switch locomotives. In 2008 and 2009 remanufactured
Tier 0 switch locomotives that are deemed to be refurbished may be
certified as remanufactured switch locomotives under 40 CFR part 92.
(m) Assigned deterioration factors. The provisions of this paragraph
(m) apply for Tier 0 and Tier 1 locomotives to the standards of this
part during model years 2008 or 2009. Remanufacturers certifying such
locomotives to the standards of this part during these model years may
use an assigned deterioration factor of 0.03 g/bhp-hr for PM and an
assigned deterioration factor of zero for other pollutants. For purposes
of determining compliance other than for certification or production-
line testing, calculate the applicable in-use compliance limits for
these locomotives by adjusting the applicable PM standards/FELs upward
by 0.03 g/bhp-hr.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59189, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 8423, Feb. 24, 2009; 75 FR 22983, Apr. 30, 2010; 75 FR 68460, Nov. 8,
2010]

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

Sec. 1033.201 General requirements for obtaining a certificate of conformity.

Certification is the process by which you demonstrate to us that
your freshly manufactured or remanufactured locomotives will meet the
applicable emission standards throughout their useful lives (explaining
to us how you plan to manufacture or remanufacture locomotives, and
providing test data showing that such locomotives will comply with all
applicable emission

[[Page 30]]

standards). Anyone meeting the definition of manufacturer in Sec.
1033.901 may apply for a certificate of conformity for freshly
manufactured locomotives. Anyone meeting the definition of
remanufacturer in Sec. 1033.901 may apply for a certificate of
conformity for remanufactured locomotives.
(a) You must send us a separate application for a certificate of
conformity for each engine family. A certificate of conformity is valid
starting with the indicated effective date, but it is not valid for any
production after December 31 of the model year for which it is issued.
No certificate will be issued after December 31 of the model year.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part and must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see Sec. 1033.255).
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this subpart, as long as you maintain all the information required by
Sec. 1033.250.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.
(f) See Sec. 1033.255 for provisions describing how we will process
your application.
(g) We may require you to deliver your test locomotives to a
facility we designate for our testing (see Sec. 1033.235(c)).
(h) By applying for a certificate of conformity, you are accepting
responsibility for the in-use emission performance of all properly
maintained and used locomotives covered by your certificate. This
responsibility applies without regard to whether you physically
manufacture or remanufacture the entire locomotive. If you do not
physically manufacture or remanufacture the entire locomotive, you must
take reasonable steps (including those specified by this part) to ensure
that the locomotives produced under your certificate conform to the
specifications of your application for certification. Note that this
paragraph does not limit any liability under this part or the Clean Air
Act for entities that do not obtain certificates. This paragraph also
does not prohibit you from making contractual arrangements with
noncertifiers related to recovering damages for noncompliance.
(i) The provisions of this subpart describe how to obtain a
certificate that covers all standards and requirements. Manufacturer/
remanufacturers may ask to obtain a certificate of conformity that does
not cover the idle control requirements of Sec. 1033.115 or one that
only covers the idle control requirements of Sec. 1033.115.
Remanufacturers obtaining such partial certificates must include a
statement in their installation instructions that two certificates and
labels are required for a locomotive to be in a fully certified
configuration. We may modify the certification requirements for
certificates that will only cover idle control systems.

Sec. 1033.205 Applying for a certificate of conformity.

(a) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a complete application
for each engine family for which you are requesting a certificate of
conformity.
(b) [Reserved]
(c) You must update and correct your application to accurately
reflect your production, as described in Sec. 1033.225.
(d) Include the following information in your application:
(1) A description of the basic engine design including, but not
limited to, the engine family specifications listed in Sec. 1033.230.
For freshly manufactured locomotives, a description of the basic
locomotive design. For remanufactured locomotives, a description of the
basic locomotive designs to which the remanufacture system will be
applied. Include in your description, a list of distinguishable
configurations to be included in the engine family. Note whether you are
requesting a certificate that will or will not cover idle controls.
(2) An explanation of how the emission control system operates,
including detailed descriptions of:
(i) All emission control system components.
(ii) Injection or ignition timing for each notch (i.e., degrees
before or after top-dead-center), and any functional

[[Page 31]]

dependence of such timing on other operational parameters (e.g., engine
coolant temperature).
(iii) Each auxiliary emission control device (AECD).
(iv) All fuel system components to be installed on any production or
test locomotives.
(v) Diagnostics.
(3) A description of the test locomotive.
(4) A description of the test equipment and fuel used. Identify any
special or alternate test procedures you used.
(5) A description of the operating cycle and the period of operation
necessary to accumulate service hours on the test locomotive and
stabilize emission levels. You may also include a Green Engine Factor
that would adjust emissions from zero-hour engines to be equivalent to
stabilized engines.
(6) A description of all adjustable operating parameters (including,
but not limited to, injection timing and fuel rate), including the
following:
(i) The nominal or recommended setting and the associated production
tolerances.
(ii) The intended adjustable range, and the physically adjustable
range.
(iii) The limits or stops used to limit adjustable ranges.
(iv) Production tolerances of the limits or stops used to establish
each physically adjustable range.
(v) Information relating to why the physical limits or stops used to
establish the physically adjustable range of each parameter, or any
other means used to inhibit adjustment, are the most effective means
possible of preventing adjustment of parameters to settings outside your
specified adjustable ranges on in-use engines.
(7) Projected U.S. production information for each configuration. If
you are projecting substantially different sales of a configuration than
you had previously, we may require you to explain why you are projecting
the change.
(8)(i) All test data you obtained for each test engine or
locomotive. As described in Sec. 1033.235, we may allow you to
demonstrate compliance based on results from previous emission tests,
development tests, or other testing information. Include data for NOx,
PM, HC, CO, and CO2.
(ii) Report measured CO2, N2O, and
CH4 as described in Sec. 1033.235. Small manufacturers/
remanufacturers may omit reporting N2O and CH4.
(9) The intended deterioration factors for the engine family, in
accordance with Sec. 1033.245. If the deterioration factors for the
engine family were developed using procedures that we have not
previously approved, you should request preliminary approval under Sec.
1033.210.
(10) The intended useful life period for the engine family, in
accordance with Sec. 1033.101(g). If the useful life for the engine
family was determined using procedures that we have not previously
approved, you should request preliminary approval under Sec. 1033.210.
(11) Copies of your proposed emission control label(s), maintenance
instructions, and installation instructions (where applicable).
(12) An unconditional statement declaring that all locomotives
included in the engine family comply with all requirements of this part
and the Clean Air Act.
(e) If we request it, you must supply such additional information as
may be required to evaluate the application.
(f) Provide the information to read, record, and interpret all the
information broadcast by a locomotive's onboard computers and electronic
control units. State that, upon request, you will give us any hardware,
software, or tools we would need to do this. You may reference any
appropriate publicly released standards that define conventions for
these messages and parameters. Format your information consistent with
publicly released standards.
(g) Include the information required by other subparts of this part.
For example, include the information required by Sec. 1033.725 if you
participate in the ABT program.
(h) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or part 1068 of this chapter related to requests
for exemptions.
(i) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any

[[Page 32]]

action by EPA or otherwise by the United States related to the
requirements of this part.
(j) For imported locomotives, we may require you to describe your
expected importation process.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 56508, Oct. 30, 2008]

Sec. 1033.210 Preliminary approval.

(a) If you send us information before you finish the application, we
will review it and make any appropriate determinations for questions
related to engine family definitions, auxiliary emission-control
devices, deterioration factors, testing for service accumulation,
maintenance, and useful lives.
(b) Decisions made under this section are considered to be
preliminary approval, subject to final review and approval. We will
generally not reverse a decision where we have given you preliminary
approval, unless we find new information supporting a different
decision.
(c) If you request preliminary approval related to the upcoming
model year or the model year after that, we will make best-efforts to
make the appropriate determinations as soon as practicable. We will
generally not provide preliminary approval related to a future model
year more than three years ahead of time.
(d) You must obtain preliminary approval for your plan to develop
deterioration factors prior to the start of any service accumulation to
be used to develop the factors.

Sec. 1033.220 Amending maintenance instructions.

You may amend your emission-related maintenance instructions after
you submit your application for certification, as long as the amended
instructions remain consistent with the provisions of Sec. 1033.125.
You must send the Designated Compliance Officer a request to amend your
application for certification for an engine family if you want to change
the emission-related maintenance instructions in a way that could affect
emissions. In your request, describe the proposed changes to the
maintenance instructions. If owners/operators follow the original
maintenance instructions rather than the newly specified maintenance,
this does not allow you to disqualify those locomotives from in-use
testing or deny a warranty claim.
(a) If you are decreasing or eliminating any of the specified
maintenance, you may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your
customers 30 days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove
your request. This would generally include replacing one maintenance
step with another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this
requirement.
(b) If your requested change would not decrease the specified
maintenance, you may distribute the new maintenance instructions anytime
after you send your request. For example, this paragraph (b) would cover
adding instructions to increase the frequency of filter changes for
locomotives in severe-duty applications.
(c) You do not need to request approval if you are making only minor
corrections (such as correcting typographical mistakes), clarifying your
maintenance instructions, or changing instructions for maintenance
unrelated to emission control. We may ask you to send us copies of
maintenance instructions revised under this paragraph (c).

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22983, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.225 Amending applications for certification

Before we issue you a certificate of conformity, you may amend your
application to include new or modified locomotive configurations,
subject to the provisions of this section. After we have issued your
certificate of conformity, you may send us an amended application
requesting that we include new or modified locomotive configurations
within the scope of the certificate, subject to the provisions of this
section. You must also amend your application if any changes occur with
respect to any information that is included or should be included in
your application. For example, you must

[[Page 33]]

amend your application if you determine that your actual production
variation for an adjustable parameter exceeds the tolerances specified
in your application.
(a) You must amend your application before you take either of the
following actions:
(1) Add a locomotive configuration to an engine family. In this
case, the locomotive added must be consistent with other locomotives in
the engine family with respect to the criteria listed in Sec. 1033.230.
For example, you must amend your application if you want to produce 12-
cylinder versions of the 16-cylinder locomotives you described in your
application.
(2) Change a locomotive already included in an engine family in a
way that may affect emissions, or change any of the components you
described in your application for certification. This includes
production and design changes that may affect emissions any time during
the locomotive's lifetime. For example, you must amend your application
if you want to change a part supplier if the part was described in your
original application and is different in any material respect than the
part you described.
(3) Modify an FEL for an engine family as described in paragraph (f)
of this section.
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the relevant
information to the Designated Compliance Officer.
(1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the locomotive
model or configuration you intend to make.
(2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended
engine family complies with all applicable requirements. You may do this
by showing that the original emission-data locomotive is still
appropriate for showing that the amended family complies with all
applicable requirements.
(3) If the original emission-data locomotive for the engine family
is not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified
locomotive, include new test data showing that the new or modified
locomotive meets the requirements of this part.
(c) We may ask for more test data or engineering evaluations. You
must give us these within 30 days after we request them.
(d) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, we will determine whether the existing certificate of
conformity covers your new or modified locomotive. You may ask for a
hearing if we deny your request (see Sec. 1033.920).
(e) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified locomotive
anytime after you send us your amended application, before we make a
decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, if we determine
that the affected locomotives do not meet applicable requirements, we
will notify you to cease production of the locomotives and may require
you to recall the locomotives at no expense to the owner. Choosing to
produce locomotives under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be consent to
recall all locomotives that we determine do not meet applicable emission
standards or other requirements and to remedy the nonconformity at no
expense to the owner. If you do not provide information required under
paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days after we request it, you
must stop producing the new or modified locomotives.
(f) You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in certain cases
after the start of production. The changed FEL may not apply to
locomotives you have already introduced into U.S. commerce, except as
described in this paragraph (f). If we approve a changed FEL after the
start of production, you must include the new FEL on the emission
control information label for all locomotives produced after the change.
You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in the following cases:
(1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your engine family at any
time. In your request, you must show that you will still be able to meet
the emission standards as specified in subparts B and H of this part. If
you amend your application by submitting new test data to include a
newly added or modified locomotive, as described in paragraph (b)(3) of
this section, use the appropriate FELs with corresponding

[[Page 34]]

production volumes to calculate emission credits for the model year, as
described in subpart H of this part. In all other circumstances, you
must use the higher FEL for the entire family to calculate emission
credits under subpart H of this part.
(2) You may ask to lower the FEL for your emission family only if
you have test data from production locomotives showing that emissions
are below the proposed lower FEL. The lower FEL applies only to engines
or fuel-system components you produce after we approve the new FEL. Use
the appropriate FELs with corresponding production volumes to calculate
emission credits for the model year, as described in subpart H of this
part.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22983, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.230 Grouping locomotives into engine families.

(a) Divide your product line into engine families of locomotives
that are expected to have similar emission characteristics throughout
the useful life. Your engine family is limited to a single model year.
Freshly manufactured locomotives may not be included in the same engine
family as remanufactured locomotives, except as allowed by paragraph (f)
of this section. Paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section specify default
criteria for dividing locomotives into engine families. Paragraphs (d)
and (e) of this section allow you deviate from these defaults in certain
circumstances.
(b) This paragraph (b) applies for all locomotives other than Tier 0
locomotives. Group locomotives in the same engine family if they are the
same in all the following aspects:
(1) The combustion cycle (e.g., diesel cycle).
(2) The type of engine cooling employed and procedure(s) employed to
maintain engine temperature within desired limits (thermostat, on-off
radiator fan(s), radiator shutters, etc.).
(3) The nominal bore and stroke dimensions.
(4) The approximate intake and exhaust event timing and duration
(valve or port).
(5) The location of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
(6) The size of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
(7) The overall injection or ignition timing characteristics (i.e.,
the deviation of the timing curves from the optimal fuel economy timing
curve must be similar in degree).
(8) The combustion chamber configuration and the surface-to-volume
ratio of the combustion chamber when the piston is at top dead center
position, using nominal combustion chamber dimensions.
(9) The location of the piston rings on the piston.
(10) The method of air aspiration (turbocharged, supercharged,
naturally aspirated, Roots blown).
(11) The general performance characteristics of the turbocharger or
supercharger (e.g., approximate boost pressure, approximate response
time, approximate size relative to engine displacement).
(12) The type of air inlet cooler (air-to-air, air-to-liquid,
approximate degree to which inlet air is cooled).
(13) The intake manifold induction port size and configuration.
(14) The type of fuel and fuel system configuration.
(15) The configuration of the fuel injectors and approximate
injection pressure.
(16) The type of fuel injection system controls (i.e., mechanical or
electronic).
(17) The type of smoke control system.
(18) The exhaust manifold port size and configuration.
(19) The type of exhaust aftertreatment system (oxidation catalyst,
particulate trap), and characteristics of the aftertreatment system
(catalyst loading, converter size vs. engine size).
(c) Group Tier 0 locomotives in the same engine family if they are
the same in all the following aspects:
(1) The combustion cycle (e.g., diesel cycle).
(2) The type of engine cooling employed and procedure(s) employed to
maintain engine temperature within desired limits (thermostat, on-off
radiator fan(s), radiator shutters, etc.).
(3) The approximate bore and stroke dimensions.

[[Page 35]]

(4) The approximate location of the intake and exhaust valves (or
ports).
(5) The combustion chamber general configuration and the approximate
surface-to-volume ratio of the combustion chamber when the piston is at
top dead center position, using nominal combustion chamber dimensions.
(6) The method of air aspiration (turbocharged, supercharged,
naturally aspirated, Roots blown).
(7) The type of air inlet cooler (air-to-air, air-to-liquid,
approximate degree to which inlet air is cooled).
(8) The type of fuel and general fuel system configuration.
(9) The general configuration of the fuel injectors and approximate
injection pressure.
(10) The type of fuel injection system control (electronic or
mechanical).
(d) You may subdivide a group of locomotives that is identical under
paragraph (b) or (c) of this section into different engine families if
you show the expected emission characteristics are different during the
useful life. This allowance also covers locomotives for which only
calculated emission rates differ, such as locomotives with and without
energy-saving design features. For the purposes of determining whether
an engine family is a small engine family in Sec. 1033.405(a)(2), we
will consider the number of locomotives that could have been classed
together under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, instead of the
number of locomotives that are included in a subdivision allowed by this
paragraph (d).
(e) In unusual circumstances, you may group locomotives that are not
identical with respect to the things listed in paragraph (b) or (c) of
this section in the same engine family if you show that their emission
characteristics during the useful life will be similar.
(f) During the first six calendar years after a new tier of
standards becomes applicable, remanufactured engines/locomotives may be
included in the same engine family as freshly manufactured locomotives,
provided the same engines and emission controls are used for locomotive
models included in the engine family.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1033.235 Emission testing required for certification.

This section describes the emission testing you must perform to show
compliance with the emission standards in Sec. 1033.101.
(a) Select an emission-data locomotive (or engine) from each engine
family for testing. It may be a low mileage locomotive, or a development
engine (that is equivalent in design to the engines of the locomotives
being certified), or another low hour engine. Use good engineering
judgment to select the locomotive configuration that is most likely to
exceed (or have emissions nearest to) an applicable emission standard or
FEL. In making this selection, consider all factors expected to affect
emission control performance and compliance with the standards,
including emission levels of all exhaust constituents, especially
NOX and PM.
(b) Test your emission-data locomotives using the procedures and
equipment specified in subpart F of this part.
(c) We may measure emissions from any of your emission-data
locomotives or other locomotives from the engine family.
(1) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. If we do this, you must deliver the locomotive to a test
facility we designate. If we do the testing at your plant, you must
schedule it as soon as possible and make available the instruments,
personnel, and equipment we need.
(2) If we measure emissions from one of your locomotives, the
results of that testing become the official emission results for the
locomotive. Unless we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to
consider your data in determining if your engine family meets applicable
requirements.
(3) Before we test one of your locomotives, we may set its
adjustable parameters to any point within the adjustable ranges (see
Sec. 1033.115(b)).
(4) Before we test one of your locomotives, we may calibrate it
within normal production tolerances for anything we do not consider an
adjustable parameter. For example, this would apply where we determine
that an engine parameter is not an adjustable parameter (as defined in
Sec. 1033.901) but

[[Page 36]]

that it is subject to production variability.
(d) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous model
year instead of doing new tests if all the following are true:
(1) The engine family from the previous model year differs from the
current engine family only with respect to model year, or other factors
not related to emissions. You may include additional configurations
subject to the provisions of Sec. 1033.225.
(2) The emission-data locomotive from the previous model year
remains the appropriate emission-data locomotive under paragraph (b) of
this section.
(3) The data show that the emission-data locomotive would meet all
the requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the
application for certification.
(e) You may ask to use emission data from a different engine family
you have already certified instead of testing a locomotive in the second
engine family if all the following are true:
(1) The same engine is used in both engine families.
(2) You demonstrate to us that the differences in the two families
are sufficiently small that the locomotives in the untested family will
meet the same applicable notch standards calculated from the test data.
(f) We may require you to test a second locomotive of the same or
different configuration in addition to the locomotive tested under
paragraph (b) of this section.
(g) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in subpart F of this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.
(h) The requirement to measure smoke emissions is waived for
certification and production line testing, except where there is reason
to believe your locomotives do not meet the applicable smoke standards.
(i) Measure CO2 with each test. Measure CH4
with each low-hour certification test using the procedures specified in
40 CFR part 1065 starting in the 2012 model year. Also measure
N2O with each low-hour certification test using the
procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065 for any engine family that
depends on NOx aftertreatment to meet emission standards. Small
manufacturers/remanufacturers may omit measurement of N2O and
CH4. Use the same units and modal calculations as for your
other results to report a single weighted value for CO2,
N2O, and CH4. Round the final values as follows:
(1) Round CO2 to the nearest 1 g/bhp-hr.
(2) Round N2O to the nearest 0.001 g/bhp-hr.
(3) Round CH4 to the nearest 0.001g/bhp-hr.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56508, Oct. 30, 2008;
75 FR 22984, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.240 Demonstrating compliance with exhaust emission standards.

(a) For purposes of certification, your engine family is considered
in compliance with the applicable numerical emission standards in Sec.
1033.101 if all emission-data locomotives representing that family have
test results showing official emission results and deteriorated emission
levels at or below these standards.
(1) If you include your locomotive in the ABT program in subpart H
of this part, your FELs are considered to be the applicable emission
standards with which you must comply.
(2) If you do not include your remanufactured locomotive in the ABT
program in subpart H of this part, but it was previously included in the
ABT program in subpart H of this part, the previous FELs are considered
to be the applicable emission standards with which you must comply.
(b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data
locomotive representing that family has test results showing an official
emission result or a deteriorated emission level for any pollutant that
is above an applicable emission standard. Use the following steps to
determine the deteriorated emission level for the test locomotive:
(1) Collect emission data using measurements with enough significant
figures to calculate the cycle-weighted

[[Page 37]]

emission rate to at least one more decimal place than the applicable
standard. Apply any applicable humidity corrections before weighting
emissions.
(2) Apply the regeneration factors if applicable. At this point the
emission rate is generally considered to be an official emission result.
(3) Apply the deterioration factor to the official emission result,
as described in Sec. 1033.245, then round the adjusted figure to the
same number of decimal places as the emission standard. This adjusted
value is the deteriorated emission level. Compare these emission levels
from the emission-data locomotive with the applicable emission
standards. In the case of NOX+NMHC standards, apply the
deterioration factor to each pollutant and then add the results before
rounding.
(4) The highest deteriorated emission levels for each pollutant are
considered to be the certified emission levels.
(c) An owner/operator remanufacturing its locomotives to be
identical to their previously certified configuration may certify by
design without new emission test data. To do this, submit the
application for certification described in Sec. 1033.205, but instead
of including test data, include a description of how you will ensure
that your locomotives will be identical in all material respects to
their previously certified condition. You may use reconditioned parts
consistent with good engineering judgment. You have all of the
liabilities and responsibilities of the certificate holder for
locomotives you certify under this paragraph.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22984, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.245 Deterioration factors.

Establish deterioration factors for each pollutant to determine, as
described in Sec. 1033.240, whether your locomotives will meet emission
standards for each pollutant throughout the useful life. Determine
deterioration factors as described in this section, either with an
engineering analysis, with pre-existing test data, or with new emission
measurements. The deterioration factors are intended to reflect the
deterioration expected to result during the useful life of a locomotive
maintained as specified in Sec. 1033.125. If you perform durability
testing, the maintenance that you may perform on your emission-data
locomotive is limited to the maintenance described in Sec. 1033.125.
(a) Your deterioration factors must take into account any available
data from in-use testing with similar locomotives, consistent with good
engineering judgment. For example, it would not be consistent with good
engineering judgment to use deterioration factors that predict emission
increases over the useful life of a locomotive or locomotive engine that
are significantly less than the emission increases over the useful life
observed from in-use testing of similar locomotives.
(b) Deterioration factors may be additive or multiplicative.
(1) Additive deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. Except as
specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, use an additive
deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. An additive deterioration
factor for a pollutant is the difference between exhaust emissions at
the end of the useful life and exhaust emissions at the low-hour test
point. In these cases, adjust the official emission results for each
tested locomotive at the selected test point by adding the factor to the
measured emissions. The deteriorated emission level is intended to
represent the highest emission level during the useful life. Thus, if
the factor is less than zero, use zero. Additive deterioration factors
must be specified to one more decimal place than the applicable
standard.
(2) Multiplicative deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. Use a
multiplicative deterioration factor if good engineering judgment calls
for the deterioration factor for a pollutant to be the ratio of exhaust
emissions at the end of the useful life to exhaust emissions at the low-
hour test point. For example, if you use aftertreatment technology that
controls emissions of a pollutant proportionally to engine-out
emissions, it is often appropriate to use a multiplicative deterioration
factor. Adjust the official emission results for each tested locomotive
at the selected test point by multiplying the measured emissions by the
deterioration factor.

[[Page 38]]

The deteriorated emission level is intended to represent the highest
emission level during the useful life. Thus, if the factor is less than
one, use one. A multiplicative deterioration factor may not be
appropriate in cases where testing variability is significantly greater
than locomotive-to-locomotive variability. Multiplicative deterioration
factors must be specified to one more significant figure than the
applicable standard.
(c) Deterioration factors for smoke are always additive.
(d) If your locomotive vents crankcase emissions to the exhaust or
to the atmosphere, you must account for crankcase emission
deterioration, using good engineering judgment. You may use separate
deterioration factors for crankcase emissions of each pollutant (either
multiplicative or additive) or include the effects in combined
deterioration factors that include exhaust and crankcase emissions
together for each pollutant.
(e) Include the following information in your application for
certification:
(1) If you determine your deterioration factors based on test data
from a different engine family, explain why this is appropriate and
include all the emission measurements on which you base the
deterioration factor.
(2) If you determine your deterioration factors based on engineering
analysis, explain why this is appropriate and include a statement that
all data, analyses, evaluations, and other information you used are
available for our review upon request.
(3) If you do testing to determine deterioration factors, describe
the form and extent of service accumulation, including a rationale for
selecting the service-accumulation period and the method you use to
accumulate hours.

Sec. 1033.250 Reporting and recordkeeping.

(a) Within 45 days after the end of the model year, send the
Designated Compliance Officer a report describing the following
information about locomotives you produced during the model year:
(1) Report the total number of locomotives you produced in each
engine family by locomotive model and engine model.
(2) If you produced exempted locomotives, report the number of
exempted locomotives you produced for each locomotive model and identify
the buyer or shipping destination for each exempted locomotive. You do
not need to report under this paragraph (a)(2) locomotives that were
temporarily exempted, exported locomotives, locomotives exempted as
manufacturer/remanufacturer-owned locomotives, or locomotives exempted
as test locomotives.
(b) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1033.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of each emission-data locomotive. For each
locomotive, describe all of the following:
(i) The emission-data locomotive's construction, including its
origin and buildup, steps you took to ensure that it represents
production locomotives, any components you built specially for it, and
all the components you include in your application for certification.
(ii) How you accumulated locomotive operating hours (service
accumulation), including the dates and the number of hours accumulated.
(iii) All maintenance, including modifications, parts changes, and
other service, and the dates and reasons for the maintenance.
(iv) All your emission tests, including documentation on routine and
standard tests, as specified in part 40 CFR part 1065, and the date and
purpose of each test.
(v) All tests to diagnose locomotive or emission control
performance, giving the date and time of each and the reasons for the
test.
(vi) Any other significant events.
(4) If you test a development engine for certification, you may omit
information otherwise required by paragraph (b)(3) of this section that
is unrelated to emissions and emission-related components.
(5) Production figures for each engine family divided by assembly
plant.

[[Page 39]]

(6) Keep a list of locomotive identification numbers for all the
locomotives you produce under each certificate of conformity.
(c) Keep data from routine emission tests (such as test cell
temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one year after we issue
the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all other information
specified in paragraph (a) of this section for eight years after we
issue your certificate.
(d) Store these records in any format and on any media, as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review
them at any time.
(e) Send us copies of any locomotive maintenance instructions or
explanations if we ask for them.

Sec. 1033.255 EPA decisions.

(a) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean Air
Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for your engine family
for that model year. We may make the approval subject to additional
conditions.
(b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke
your certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (e) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent).
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities. This includes a
failure to provide reasonable assistance.
(5) Produce locomotives for importation into the United States at a
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized
activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all locomotives being produced.
(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the
Clean Air Act or this part.
(d) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information when we ask for it.
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1033.920).

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22984, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart D_Manufacturer and Remanufacturer Production Line Testing and

Audit Programs

Sec. 1033.301 Applicability.

The requirements of this part apply to manufacturers/remanufacturers
of locomotives certified under this part, with the following exceptions:
(a) The requirements of Sec. Sec. 1033.310 1033.315, 1033.320, and
1033.330 apply only to manufacturers of freshly manufactured locomotives
or locomotive engines (including those used for repowering). We may also
apply these requirements to remanufacturers of any locomotives for which
there is reason to believe production problems exist that could affect
emission performance. When we make a determination that production
problems may exist that could affect emission performance, we will
notify the remanufacturer(s). The requirements of Sec. Sec. 1033.310,
1033.315, 1033.320, and 1033.330 will apply as specified in the notice.
(b) The requirements of Sec. 1033.335 apply only to
remanufacturers.
(c) As specified in Sec. 1033.1(d), we may apply the requirements
of this subpart to manufacturers/remanufacturers that do not certify the
locomotives. However, unless we specify otherwise, the requirements of
this subpart apply to manufacturers/remanufacturers that hold the
certificates for the locomotives.

[[Page 40]]

Sec. 1033.305 General requirements.

(a) Manufacturers (and remanufacturers, where applicable) are
required to test production line locomotives using the test procedures
specified in Sec. 1033.315. While this subpart refers to locomotive
testing, you may ask to test locomotive engines instead of testing
locomotives.
(b) Remanufacturers are required to conduct audits according to the
requirements of Sec. 1033.335 to ensure that remanufactured locomotives
comply with the requirements of this part.
(c) If you certify an engine family with carryover emission data, as
described in Sec. 1033.235, and these equivalent engine families
consistently pass the production-line testing requirements over the
preceding two-year period, you may ask for a reduced testing rate for
further production-line testing for that family. If we reduce your
testing rate, we may limit our approval to any number of model years. In
determining whether to approve your request, we may consider the number
of locomotives that have failed emission tests.
(d) You may ask to use an alternate program or measurement method
for testing production-line engines. In your request, you must show us
that the alternate program gives equal assurance that your engines meet
the requirements of this part. We may waive some or all of this
subpart's requirements if we approve your alternate program.

Sec. 1033.310 Sample selection for testing.

(a) At the start of each model year, begin randomly selecting
locomotives from each engine family for production line testing at a
rate of one percent. Make the selection of the test locomotive after it
has been assembled. Perform the testing throughout the entire model year
to the extent possible, unless we specify a different schedule for your
tests. For example, we may require you to disproportionately select
locomotives from the early part of a model year for a new locomotive
model that has not been subject to PLT previously.
(1) The required sample size for an engine family (provided that no
locomotive tested fails to meet applicable emission standards) is the
lesser of five tests per model year or one percent of projected annual
production, with a minimum sample size for an engine family of one test
per model year. See paragraph (d) of this section to determine the
required number of test locomotives if any locomotives fail to comply
with any standards.
(2) You may elect to test additional locomotives. All additional
locomotives must be tested in accordance with the applicable test
procedures of this part.
(b) You must assemble the test locomotives using the same production
process that will be used for locomotives to be introduced into
commerce. You may ask us to allow special assembly procedures for
catalyst-equipped locomotives.
(c) Unless we approve it, you may not use any quality control,
testing, or assembly procedures that you do not use during the
production and assembly of all other locomotives of that family. This
applies for any test locomotive or any portion of a locomotive,
including engines, parts, and subassemblies.
(d) If one or more locomotives fail a production line test, then you
must test two additional locomotives from the next fifteen produced in
that engine family for each locomotive that fails. These two additional
locomotives do not count towards your minimum number of locomotives. For
example, if you are required to test a minimum of four locomotives under
paragraph (a) of this section and the second locomotive fails to comply
with one or more standards, then you must test two additional
locomotives from the next fifteen produced in that engine family. If
both of those locomotives pass all standards, you are required to test
two additional locomotives to complete the original minimum number of
four. If they both pass, you are done with testing for that family for
the year since you tested six locomotives (the four originally required
plus the two additional locomotives).

Sec. 1033.315 Test procedures.

(a) Test procedures. Use the test procedures described in subpart F
of this part, except as specified in this section.

[[Page 41]]

(1) You may ask to use other test procedures. We will approve your
request if we determine that it is not possible to perform satisfactory
testing using the specified procedures. We may also approve alternate
test procedures under Sec. 1033.305(d).
(2) If you used test procedures other than those in subpart F of
this part during certification for the engine family (other than
alternate test procedures necessary for testing a development engine or
a low hour engine instead of a low mileage locomotive), use the same
test procedures for production line testing that you used in
certification.
(b) Modifying a test locomotive. Once an engine is selected for
testing, you may adjust, repair, maintain, or modify it or check its
emissions only if one of the following is true:
(1) You document the need for doing so in your procedures for
assembling and inspecting all your production engines and make the
action routine for all the engines in the engine family.
(2) This subpart otherwise specifically allows your action.
(3) We approve your action in advance.
(c) Adjustable parameters. (1) Confirm that adjustable parameters
are set to values or positions that are within the range recommended to
the ultimate purchaser.
(2) We may require to be adjusted any adjustable parameter to any
setting within the specified adjustable range of that parameter prior to
the performance of any test.
(d) Stabilizing emissions. You may stabilize emissions from the
locomotives to be tested through service accumulation by running the
engine through a typical duty cycle. Emissions are considered stabilized
after 300 hours of operation. You may accumulate fewer hours, consistent
with good engineering judgment. You may establish a Green Engine Factor
for each regulated pollutant for each engine family, instead of (or in
combination with) accumulating actual operation, to be used in
calculating emissions test results. You must obtain our approval prior
to using a Green Engine Factor. For catalyst-equipped locomotives, you
may operate the locomotive for up to 1000 hours (in revenue or other
service) prior to testing.
(e) Adjustment after shipment. If a locomotive is shipped to a
facility other than the production facility for production line testing,
and an adjustment or repair is necessary because of such shipment, you
may perform the necessary adjustment or repair only after the initial
test of the locomotive, unless we determine that the test would be
impossible to perform or would permanently damage the locomotive.
(f) Malfunctions. If a locomotive cannot complete the service
accumulation or an emission test because of a malfunction, you may
request that we authorize either the repair of that locomotive or its
deletion from the test sequence.
(g) Retesting. If you determine that any production line emission
test of a locomotive is invalid, you must retest it in accordance with
the requirements of this subpart. Report emission results from all tests
to us, including test results you determined are invalid. You must also
include a detailed explanation of the reasons for invalidating any test
in the quarterly report required in Sec. 1033.320(e). In the event a
retest is performed, you may ask us within ten days of the end of the
production quarter for permission to substitute the after-repair test
results for the original test results. We will respond to the request
within ten working days of our receipt of the request.

Sec. 1033.320 Calculation and reporting of test results.

(a) Calculate initial test results using the applicable test
procedure specified in Sec. 1033.315(a). Include applicable non-
deterioration adjustments such as a Green Engine Factor or regeneration
adjustment factor. Round the results to one more decimal place than the
applicable emission standard.
(b) If you conduct multiple tests on any locomotives, calculate
final test results by summing the initial test results derived in
paragraph (a) of this section for each test locomotive, dividing by the
number of tests conducted on the locomotive, and rounding to one more
decimal place than the applicable emission standard. For catalyst-
equipped locomotives, you may ask us

[[Page 42]]

to allow you to exclude an initial failed test if all of the following
are true:
(1) The catalyst was in a green condition when tested initially.
(2) The locomotive met all emission standards when retested after
degreening the catalyst.
(3) No additional emission-related maintenance or repair was
performed between the initial failed test and the subsequent passing
test.
(c) Calculate the final test results for each test locomotive by
applying the appropriate deterioration factors, derived in the
certification process for the engine family, to the final test results,
and rounding to one more decimal place than the applicable emission
standard.
(d) If, subsequent to an initial failure of a production line test,
the average of the test results for the failed locomotive and the two
additional locomotives tested, is greater than any applicable emission
standard or FEL, the engine family is deemed to be in non-compliance
with applicable emission standards, and you must notify us within ten
working days of such noncompliance.
(e) Within 45 calendar days of the end of each quarter, you must
send to the Designated Compliance Officer a report with the following
information:
(1) The location and description of the emission test facilities
which you used to conduct your testing.
(2) Total production and sample size for each engine family tested.
(3) The applicable standards against which each engine family was
tested.
(4) For each test conducted, include all of the following:
(i) A description of the test locomotive, including:
(A) Configuration and engine family identification.
(B) Year, make, and build date.
(C) Engine identification number.
(D) Number of megawatt-hours (or miles if applicable) of service
accumulated on locomotive prior to testing.
(E) Description of Green Engine Factor; how it is determined and how
it is applied.
(ii) Location(s) where service accumulation was conducted and
description of accumulation procedure and schedule, if applicable. If
the locomotive was introduced into service between assembly and testing,
you are only required to summarize the service accumulation, rather than
identifying specific locations.
(iii) Test number, date, test procedure used, initial test results
before and after rounding, and final test results for all production
line emission tests conducted, whether valid or invalid, and the reason
for invalidation of any test results, if applicable.
(iv) A complete description of any adjustment, modification, repair,
preparation, maintenance, and testing which was performed on the test
locomotive, has not been reported pursuant to any other paragraph of
this subpart, and will not be performed on other production locomotives.
(v) Any other information we may ask you to add to your written
report so we can determine whether your new engines conform with the
requirements of this part.
(6) For each failed locomotive as defined in Sec. 1033.330(a), a
description of the remedy and test results for all retests as required
by Sec. 1033.340(g).
(7) The following signed statement and endorsement by an authorized
representative of your company:

We submit this report under sections 208 and 213 of the Clean Air
Act. Our production-line testing conformed completely with the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1033. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for the test locomotives in a
way that might affect emission controls. All the information in this
report is true and accurate to the best of my knowledge. I know of the
penalties for violating the Clean Air Act and the regulations.
(Authorized Company Representative)

Sec. 1033.325 Maintenance of records; submittal of information.

(a) You must establish, maintain, and retain the following
adequately organized and indexed test records:
(1) A description of all equipment used to test locomotives. The
equipment requirements in subpart F of this part apply to tests
performed under this subpart. Maintain these records for each test cell
that can be used to perform emission testing under this subpart.
(2) Individual test records for each production line test or audit
including:

[[Page 43]]

(i) The date, time, and location of each test or audit.
(ii) The method by which the Green Engine Factor was calculated or
the number of hours of service accumulated on the test locomotive when
the test began and ended.
(iii) The names of all supervisory personnel involved in the conduct
of the production line test or audit;
(iv) A record and description of any adjustment, repair, preparation
or modification performed on test locomotives, giving the date,
associated time, justification, name(s) of the authorizing personnel,
and names of all supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of
the action.
(v) If applicable, the date the locomotive was shipped from the
assembly plant, associated storage facility or port facility, and the
date the locomotive was received at the testing facility.
(vi) A complete record of all emission tests or audits performed
under this subpart (except tests performed directly by us), including
all individual worksheets and/or other documentation relating to each
test, or exact copies thereof, according to the record requirements
specified in subpart F of this part and 40 CFR part 1065.
(vii) A brief description of any significant events during testing
not otherwise described under this paragraph (a)(2), commencing with the
test locomotive selection process and including such extraordinary
events as engine damage during shipment.
(b) Keep all records required to be maintained under this subpart
for a period of eight years after completion of all testing. Store these
records in any format and on any media, as long as you can promptly
provide to us organized, written records in English if we ask for them
and all the information is retained.
(c) Send us the following information with regard to locomotive
production if we ask for it:
(1) Projected production for each configuration within each engine
family for which certification has been requested and/or approved.
(2) Number of locomotives, by configuration and assembly plant,
scheduled for production.
(d) Nothing in this section limits our authority to require you to
establish, maintain, keep or submit to us information not specified by
this section. We may also ask you to send less information.
(e) Send all reports, submissions, notifications, and requests for
approval made under this subpart to the Designated Compliance Officer
using an approved format.
(f) You must keep a copy of all reports submitted under this
subpart.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22984, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.330 Compliance criteria for production line testing.

There are two types of potential failures: failure of an individual
locomotive to comply with the standards, and a failure of an engine
family to comply with the standards.
(a) A failed locomotive is one whose final test results pursuant to
Sec. 1033.320(c), for one or more of the applicable pollutants, exceed
an applicable emission standard or FEL.
(b) An engine family is deemed to be in noncompliance, for purposes
of this subpart, if at any time throughout the model year, the average
of an initial failed locomotive and the two additional locomotives
tested, is greater than any applicable emission standard or FEL.

Sec. 1033.335 Remanufactured locomotives: installation audit requirements.

The section specifies the requirements for certifying
remanufacturers to audit the remanufacture of locomotives covered by
their certificates of conformity for proper components, component
settings and component installations on randomly chosen locomotives in
an engine family.
(a) You must ensure that all emission related components are
properly installed on the locomotive and are set to the proper
specification as indicated in your instructions. You may submit audits
performed by the owners/operators of the locomotives, provided the
audits are performed in accordance with the provisions of this section.
We may require that you obtain affidavits

[[Page 44]]

for audits performed by owners/operators.
(b) Audit at least five percent of your annual production per model
year per installer or ten per engine family per installer, whichever is
less. You must perform more audits if there are any failures. Randomly
select the locomotives to be audited after the remanufacture is
complete. We may allow you to select locomotives prior to the completion
of the remanufacture, if the preselection would not have the potential
to affect the manner in which the locomotive was remanufactured (e.g.,
where the installer is not aware of the selection prior to the
completion of the remanufacture). Unless we specify otherwise, you are
not required to audit installers that remanufacture fewer than 10
locomotives per year under your certificates (combined for all of your
engine families).
(c) The audit should be completed as soon as is practical after the
remanufacture is complete. In no case may the remanufactured locomotive
accumulate more than 45,000 miles prior to an audit.
(d) A locomotive fails if any emission related components are found
to be improperly installed, improperly adjusted or incorrectly used.
(e) If a remanufactured locomotive fails an audit, then you must
audit two additional locomotives from the next ten remanufactured in
that engine family by that installer.
(f) An engine family is determined to have failed an audit, if at
any time during the model year, you determine that the three locomotives
audited are found to have had any improperly installed, improperly
adjusted or incorrectly used components. You must notify us within 2
working days of a determination of an engine family audit failure.
(g) Within 45 calendar days of the end of each quarter, the
remanufacturer must send the Designated Compliance Officer a report
which includes the following information:
(1) The location and description of your audit facilities which were
utilized to conduct auditing reported pursuant to this section;
(2) Total production and sample size for each engine family;
(3) The applicable standards and/or FELs against which each engine
family was audited;
(4) For each audit conducted:
(i) A description of the audited locomotive, including:
(A) Configuration and engine family identification;
(B) Year, make, build date, and remanufacture date; and
(C) Locomotive and engine identification numbers;
(ii) Any other information we request relevant to the determination
whether the new locomotives being remanufactured do in fact conform with
the regulations with respect to which the certificate of conformity was
issued;
(5) For each failed locomotive as defined in paragraph (d) of this
section, a description of the remedy as required by Sec. 1033.340(g);
(6) The following signed statement and endorsement by your
authorized representative:

We submit this report under sections 208 and 213 of the Clean Air
Act. Our production-line auditing conformed completely with the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1033. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for the audited locomotives in a
way that might affect emission controls. All the information in this
report is true and accurate to the best of my knowledge. I know of the
penalties for violating the Clean Air Act and the regulations.
(Authorized Company Representative)

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1033.340 Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.

(a) A certificate can be suspended for an individual locomotive as
follows:
(1) The certificate of conformity is automatically suspended for any
locomotive that fails a production line test pursuant to Sec.
1033.330(a), effective from the time the testing of that locomotive is
completed.
(2) The certificate of conformity is automatically suspended for any
locomotive that fails an audit pursuant to Sec. 1033.335(d), effective
from the time that auditing of that locomotive is completed.
(b) A certificate can be suspended for an engine family as follows:
(1) We may suspend the certificate of conformity for an engine
family that is

[[Page 45]]

in noncompliance pursuant to Sec. 1033.330(b), thirty days after the
engine family is deemed to be in noncompliance.
(2) We may suspend the certificate of conformity for an engine
family that is determined to have failed an audit pursuant to Sec.
1033.335(f). This suspension will not occur before thirty days after the
engine family is deemed to be in noncompliance.
(c) If we suspend your certificate of conformity for an engine
family, the suspension may apply to all facilities producing engines
from an engine family, even if you find noncompliant engines only at one
facility.
(d) We may revoke a certificate of conformity for any engine family
in whole or in part if:
(1) You fail to comply with any of the requirements of this subpart.
(2) You submit false or incomplete information in any report or
information provided to us under this subpart.
(3) You render inaccurate any test data submitted under this
subpart.
(4) An EPA enforcement officer is denied the opportunity to conduct
activities authorized in this subpart.
(5) An EPA enforcement officer is unable to conduct authorized
activities for any reason.
(e) We will notify you in writing of any suspension or revocation of
a certificate of conformity in whole or in part; a suspension or
revocation is effective upon receipt of such notification or thirty days
from the time a locomotive or engine family is deemed to be in
noncompliance under Sec. Sec. 1033.320(d), 1033.330(a), 1033.330(b), or
1033.335(f) is made, whichever is earlier, except that the certificate
is immediately suspended with respect to any failed locomotives as
provided for in paragraph (a) of this section.
(f) We may revoke a certificate of conformity for an engine family
when the certificate has been suspended under paragraph (b) or (c) of
this section if the remedy is one requiring a design change or changes
to the locomotive, engine and/or emission control system as described in
the application for certification of the affected engine family.
(g) Once a certificate has been suspended for a failed locomotive,
as provided for in paragraph (a) of this section, you must take all the
following actions before the certificate is reinstated for that failed
locomotive:
(1) Remedy the nonconformity.
(2) Demonstrate that the locomotive conforms to applicable standards
or family emission limits by retesting, or reauditing if applicable, the
locomotive in accordance with this part.
(3) Submit a written report to us after successful completion of
testing (or auditing, if applicable) on the failed locomotive, which
contains a description of the remedy and testing (or auditing) results
for each locomotive in addition to other information that may be
required by this part.
(h) Once a certificate for a failed engine family has been suspended
pursuant to paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, you must take the
following actions before we will consider reinstating the certificate:
(1) Submit a written report to us identifying the reason for the
noncompliance of the locomotives, describing the remedy, including a
description of any quality control measures you will use to prevent
future occurrences of the problem, and stating the date on which the
remedies will be implemented.
(2) Demonstrate that the engine family for which the certificate of
conformity has been suspended does in fact comply with the regulations
of this part by testing (or auditing) locomotives selected from normal
production runs of that engine family. Such testing (or auditing) must
comply with the provisions of this subpart. If you elect to continue
testing (or auditing) individual locomotives after suspension of a
certificate, the certificate is reinstated for any locomotive actually
determined to be in conformance with the applicable standards or family
emission limits through testing (or auditing) in accordance with the
applicable test procedures, provided that we have not revoked the
certificate under paragraph (f) of this section.
(i) If the certificate has been revoked for an engine family, you
must take the following actions before we will issue a certificate that
would allow you

[[Page 46]]

to continue introduction into commerce of a modified version of that
family:
(1) If we determine that the change(s) in locomotive design may have
an effect on emission deterioration, we will notify you within five
working days after receipt of the report in paragraph (h) of this
section, whether subsequent testing/auditing under this subpart will be
sufficient to evaluate the change(s) or whether additional testing (or
auditing) will be required.
(2) After implementing the change or changes intended to remedy the
nonconformity, you must demonstrate that the modified engine family does
in fact conform with the regulations of this part by testing locomotives
(or auditing for remanufactured locomotives) selected from normal
production runs of that engine family. When both of these requirements
are met, we will reissue the certificate or issue a new certificate. If
this subsequent testing (or auditing) reveals failing data the
revocation remains in effect.
(j) At any time subsequent to an initial suspension of a certificate
of conformity for a test or audit locomotive pursuant to paragraph (a)
of this section, but not later than 30 days (or such other period as may
we allow) after the notification our decision to suspend or revoke a
certificate of conformity in whole or in part pursuant to this section,
you may request a hearing as to whether the tests or audits have been
properly conducted or any sampling methods have been properly applied.
(See Sec. 1033.920.)
(k) Any suspension of a certificate of conformity under paragraphs
(a) through (d) of this section will be made only after you have been
offered an opportunity for a hearing conducted in accordance with Sec.
1033.920. It will not apply to locomotives no longer in your possession.
(l) If we suspend, revoke, or void a certificate of conformity, and
you believe that our decision was based on erroneous information, you
may ask us to reconsider our decision before requesting a hearing. If
you demonstrate to our satisfaction that our decision was based on
erroneous information, we will reinstate the certificate.
(m) We may conditionally reinstate the certificate for that family
so that you do not have to store non-test locomotives while conducting
subsequent testing or auditing of the noncomplying family subject to the
following condition: you must commit to recall all locomotives of that
family produced from the time the certificate is conditionally
reinstated if the family fails subsequent testing, or auditing if
applicable, and must commit to remedy any nonconformity at no expense to
the owner.

Subpart E_In-use Testing

Sec. 1033.401 Applicability.

The requirements of this subpart are applicable to certificate
holders for locomotives subject to the provisions of this part. These
requirements may also be applied to other manufacturers/remanufacturers
as specified in Sec. 1033.1(d).

Sec. 1033.405 General provisions.

(a) Each year, we will identify engine families and configurations
within families that you must test according to the requirements of this
section.
(1) We may require you to test one engine family each year for which
you have received a certificate of conformity. If you are a manufacturer
that holds certificates of conformity for both freshly manufactured and
remanufactured locomotive engine families, we may require you to test
one freshly manufactured engine family and one remanufactured engine
family. We may require you to test additional engine families if we have
reason to believe that locomotives in such families do not comply with
emission standards in use.
(2) For engine families of less than 10 locomotives per year, no in-
use testing will be required, unless we have reason to believe that
those engine families are not complying with the applicable emission
standards in use.
(b) Test a sample of in-use locomotives from an engine family, as
specified in Sec. 1033.415. We will use these data, and any other data
available to us, to determine the compliance status of classes of
locomotives, including for purposes of recall under 40 CFR part

[[Page 47]]

1068, and whether remedial action is appropriate.

Sec. 1033.410 In-use test procedure.

(a) You must test the complete locomotives; you may not test engines
that are not installed in locomotives at the time of testing.
(b) Test the locomotive according to the test procedures outlined in
subpart F of this part, except as provided in this section.
(c) Use the same test procedures for in-use testing as were used for
certification, except for cases in which certification testing was not
conducted with a locomotive, but with a development engine or other
engine. In such cases, we will specify deviations from the certification
test procedures as appropriate. We may allow or require other alternate
procedures, with advance approval.
(d) Set all adjustable locomotive or engine parameters to values or
positions that are within the range specified in the certificate of
conformity. We may require you to set these parameters to specific
values.
(e) We may waive a portion of the applicable test procedure that is
not necessary to determine in-use compliance.

Sec. 1033.415 General testing requirements.

(a) Number of locomotives to be tested. Determine the number of
locomotives to be tested by the following method:
(1) Test a minimum of 2 locomotives per engine family, except as
provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. You must test additional
locomotives if any locomotives fail to meet any standard. Test 2 more
locomotives for each failing locomotive, but stop testing if the total
number of locomotives tested equals 10.
(2) If an engine family has been certified using carryover emission
data from a family that has been previously tested under paragraph
(a)(1) of this section (and we have not ordered or begun to negotiate
remedial action of that family), you need to test only one locomotive
per engine family. If that locomotive fails to meet applicable standards
for any pollutant, testing for that engine family must be conducted as
outlined under paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(3) You may ask us to allow you to test more locomotives than the
minimum number described above or you may concede failure before testing
10 locomotives.
(b) Compliance criteria. We will consider failure rates, average
emission levels and the existence of any defects among other factors in
determining whether to pursue remedial action. We may order a recall
pursuant to 40 CFR part 1068 before testing reaches the tenth
locomotive.
(c) Collection of in-use locomotives. Procure in-use locomotives
that have been operated for 50 to 75 percent of the locomotive's useful
life for testing under this subpart. Complete testing required by this
section for any engine family before useful life of the locomotives in
the engine family passes. (Note: Sec. 1033.820 specifies that railroads
must make reasonable efforts to enable you to perform this testing.)

Sec. 1033.420 Maintenance, procurement and testing of in-use locomotives.

(a) A test locomotive must have a maintenance history that is
representative of actual in-use conditions, and identical or equivalent
to your recommended emission-related maintenance requirements.
(1) When procuring locomotives for in-use testing, ask the end users
about the accumulated usage, maintenance, operating conditions, and
storage of the test locomotives.
(2) Your selection of test locomotives is subject to our approval.
Maintain the information you used to procure locomotives for in-use
testing in the same manner as is required in Sec. 1033.250.
(b) You may perform minimal set-to-spec maintenance on a test
locomotive before conducting in-use testing. Maintenance may include
only that which is listed in the owner's instructions for locomotives
with the amount of service and age of the acquired test locomotive.
Maintain documentation of all maintenance and adjustments.
(c) If the locomotive selected for testing is equipped with emission
diagnostics meeting the requirements in Sec. 1033.110 and the MIL is
illuminated, you may read the code and repair the

[[Page 48]]

malfunction according to your emission-related maintenance instructions,
but only to the degree that an owner/operator would be required to
repair the malfunction under Sec. 1033.815.
(d) Results of at least one valid set of emission tests using the
test procedure described in subpart F of this part is required for each
in-use locomotive.
(e) If in-use testing results show that an in-use locomotive fails
to comply with any applicable emission standards, you must determine the
reason for noncompliance and report your findings in the quarterly in-
use test result report described in Sec. 1033.425.

Sec. 1033.425 In-use test program reporting requirements.

(a) Within 90 days of completion of testing, send us all emission
test results generated from the in-use testing program. Report all of
the following information for each locomotive tested:
(1) Engine family, and configuration.
(2) Locomotive and engine models.
(3) Locomotive and engine serial numbers.
(4) Date of manufacture or remanufacture, as applicable.
(5) Megawatt-hours of use (or miles, as applicable).
(6) Date and time of each test attempt.
(7) Results of all emission testing.
(8) Results (if any) of each voided or failed test attempt.
(9) Summary of all maintenance and/or adjustments performed.
(10) Summary of all modifications and/or repairs.
(11) Determinations of noncompliance.
(12) The following signed statement and endorsement by an authorized
representative of your company.
We submit this report under sections 208 and 213 of the Clean Air
Act. Our in-use testing conformed completely with the requirements of 40
CFR part 1033. All the information in this report is true and accurate
to the best of my knowledge. I know of the penalties for violating the
Clean Air Act and the regulations. (Authorized Company Representative)
(b) Report to us within 90 days of completion of testing the
following information for each engine family tested:
(1) The serial numbers of all locomotive that were excluded from the
test sample because they did not meet the maintenance requirements of
Sec. 1033.420.
(2) The owner of each locomotive identified in paragraph (b)(1) of
this section (or other entity responsible for the maintenance of the
locomotive).
(3) The specific reasons why the locomotives were excluded from the
test sample.
(c) Submit the information outlined in paragraphs (a) and (b) of
this section electronically using an approved format. We may exempt you
from this requirement upon written request with supporting
justification.
(d) Send all testing reports and requests for approvals to the
Designated Compliance Officer.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

Sec. 1033.501 General provisions.

(a) Except as specified in this subpart, use the equipment and
procedures for compression-ignition engines in 40 CFR part 1065 to
determine whether your locomotives meet the duty-cycle emission
standards in Sec. 1033.101. Use the applicable duty cycles specified in
this subpart. Measure emissions of all the pollutants we regulate in
Sec. 1033.101 plus CO2. Measure N2O, and
CH4 as described in Sec. 1033.235. The general test
procedure is the procedure specified in 40 CFR part 1065 for steady-
state discrete-mode cycles. However, if you use the optional ramped
modal cycle in Sec. 1033.520, follow the procedures for ramped modal
testing in 40 CFR part 1065. The following exceptions from the 1065
procedures apply:
(1) You must average power and emissions over the sampling periods
specified in this subpart for both discrete-mode testing and ramped
modal testing.
(2) The test cycle is considered to be steady-state with respect to
operator demand rather than engine speed and load.
(3) The provisions related to engine mapping and duty cycle
generation (40

[[Page 49]]

CFR 1065.510 and 1065.512) are not applicable to testing of complete
locomotives or locomotive engines because locomotive operation and
locomotive duty cycles are based on operator demand via locomotive notch
settings rather than engine speeds and loads. The cycle validation
criteria (40 CFR 1065.514) are not applicable to testing of complete
locomotives but do apply for dynamometer testing of engines.
(b) You may use special or alternate procedures to the extent we
allow as them under 40 CFR 1065.10. In some cases, we allow you to use
procedures that are less precise or less accurate than the specified
procedures if they do not affect your ability to show that your
locomotives comply with the applicable emission standards. This
generally requires emission levels to be far enough below the applicable
emission standards so that any errors caused by greater imprecision or
inaccuracy do not affect your ability to state unconditionally that the
locomotives meet all applicable emission standards.
(c) This part allows (with certain limits) testing of either a
complete locomotive or a separate uninstalled engine. When testing a
locomotive, you must test the complete locomotive in its in-use
configuration, except that you may disconnect the power output and fuel
input for the purpose of testing. To calculate power from measured
alternator/generator output, use an alternator/generator efficiency
curve that varies with speed/load, consistent with good engineering
judgment.
(d) Unless smoke standards do not apply for your locomotives or the
testing requirement is waived, measure smoke emissions using the
procedures in Sec. 1033.525.
(e) Use the applicable fuel listed in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H,
to perform valid tests.
(1) For diesel-fueled locomotives, use the appropriate diesel fuel
specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H, for emission testing. The
applicable diesel test fuel is either the ultra low-sulfur diesel or
low-sulfur diesel fuel, as specified in Sec. 1033.101. Identify the
test fuel in your application for certification and ensure that the fuel
inlet label is consistent with your selection of the test fuel (see
Sec. Sec. 1033.101 and 1033.135).
(2) You may ask to use as a test fuel commercially available diesel
fuel similar but not identical to the applicable fuel specified in 40
CFR part 1065, subpart H; we will approve your request if you show us
that it does not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable emission standards. If your locomotive uses sulfur-sensitive
technology, you may not use an in-use fuel that has a lower sulfur
content than the range specified for the otherwise applicable test fuel
in 40 CFR part 1065. If your locomotive does not use sulfur-sensitive
technology, we may allow you to use an in-use fuel that has a lower
sulfur content than the range specified for the otherwise applicable
test fuel in 40 CFR part 1065, but may require that you correct PM
emissions to account for the sulfur differences.
(3) For service accumulation, use the test fuel or any commercially
available fuel that is representative of the fuel that in-use
locomotives will use.
(f) See Sec. 1033.505 for information about allowable ambient
testing conditions for testing.
(g) This subpart is addressed to you as a manufacturer/
remanufacturer, but it applies equally to anyone who does testing for
you, and to us when we perform testing to determine if your locomotives
meet emission standards.
(h) We may also perform other testing as allowed by the Clean Air
Act.
(i) For passenger locomotives that can generate hotel power from the
main propulsion engine, the locomotive must comply with the emission
standards when in non-hotel setting. For hotel mode, the locomotive is
subject to the notch cap provisions of Sec. 1033.101 and the defeat
device prohibition of Sec. 1033.115.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56508, Oct. 30, 2008;
75 FR 22984, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.505 Ambient conditions.

This section specifies the allowable ambient conditions (including
temperature and pressure) under which testing may be performed to
determine compliance with the emission standards of Sec. 1068.101.
Manufacturers/remanufacturers may ask to perform testing at conditions
other than those

[[Page 50]]

allowed by this section. We will allow such testing provided it does not
affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable
standards. See Sec. Sec. 1033.101 and 1033.115 for more information
about the requirements that apply at other conditions.
(a) Temperature. (1) Testing may be performed with ambient
temperatures from 15.5 [deg]C (60 [deg]F) to 40.5 [deg]C (105 [deg]F).
Do not correct emissions for temperature effects within this range.
(2) It is presumed that combustion air will be drawn from the
ambient air. Thus, the ambient temperature limits of this paragraph (a)
apply for intake air upstream of the engine. If you do not draw
combustion air from the ambient air, use good engineering judgment to
ensure that any temperature difference (between the ambient air and
combustion air) does not cause the emission measurement to be
unrepresentative of in-use emissions.
(3) If we allow you to perform testing at ambient temperatures below
15.5 [deg]C, you must correct NOX emissions for temperature
effects, consistent with good engineering judgment. For example, if the
intake air temperature (at the manifold) is lower at the test
temperature than it would be for equivalent operation at an ambient
temperature of 15.5 [deg]C, you generally will need to adjust your
measured NOX emissions to account for the effect of the lower
intake air temperature. However, if you maintain a constant manifold air
temperature, you will generally not need to correct emissions.
(b) Altitude/pressure. Testing may be performed with ambient
pressures from 88.000 kPa (26.0 in Hg) to 103.325 kPa (30.5 in Hg). This
is intended to correspond to altitudes up to 4000 feet above sea level.
Do not correct emissions for pressure effects within this range.
(c) Humidity. Testing may be performed with any ambient humidity
level. Correct NOX emissions as specified in 40 CFR 1065.670.
Do not correct any other emissions for humidity effects.
(d) Wind. If you test outdoors, use good engineering judgment to
ensure that excessive wind does not affect your emission measurements.
Winds are excessive if they disturb the size, shape, or location of the
exhaust plume in the region where exhaust samples are drawn or where the
smoke plume is measured, or otherwise cause any dilution of the exhaust.
Tests may be conducted if wind shielding is placed adjacent to the
exhaust plume to prevent bending, dispersion, or any other distortion of
the exhaust plume as it passes through the optical unit or through the
sample probe.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22984, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.510 Auxiliary power units.

If your locomotive is equipped with an auxiliary power unit (APU)
that operates during an idle shutdown mode, you must account for the
APU's emissions rates as specified in this section, unless the APU is
part of an AESS system that was certified separately from the rest of
the locomotive. This section does not apply for auxiliary engines that
only provide hotel power.
(a) Adjust the locomotive main engine's idle emission rate (g/hr) as
specified in Sec. 1033.530. Add the APU emission rate (g/hr) that you
determine under paragraph (b) of this section. Use the locomotive main
engine's idle power as specified in Sec. 1033.530.
(b) Determine the representative emission rate for the APU using one
of the following methods.
(1) Installed APU tested separately. If you separately measure
emission rates (g/hr) for each pollutant from the APU installed in the
locomotive, you may use the measured emissions rates (g/hr) as the
locomotive's idle emissions rates when the locomotive is shutdown and
the APU is operating. For all testing other than in-use testing, apply
appropriate deterioration factors to the measured emission rates. You
may ask to carryover APU emission data for a previous test, or use data
for the same APU installed on locomotives in another engine family.
(2) Uninstalled APU tested separately. If you separately measure
emission rates (g/hr) over an appropriate duty-cycle for each pollutant
from the APU when it is not installed in the locomotive, you may use the
measured emissions rates (g/hr) as the locomotive's idle emissions rates
when the locomotive is shutdown and the APU is

[[Page 51]]

operating. For the purpose of this paragraph (b)(2), an appropriate
duty-cycle is one that approximates the APU engine's cycle-weighted
power when operating in the locomotive. Apply appropriate deterioration
factors to the measured emission rates. You may ask to carryover APU
emission data for a previous test, or use data for the same APU
installed on locomotives in another engine family.
(3) APU engine certification data. If the engine used for the APU
has been certified to EPA emission standards you may calculate the APU's
emissions based upon existing EPA-certification information about the
APU's engine. In this case, calculate the APU's emissions as follows:
(i) For each pollutant determine the brake-specific standard/FEL to
which the APU engine was originally EPA-certified.
(ii) Determine the APU engine's cycle-weighted power when operating
in the locomotive.
(iii) Multiply each of the APU's applicable brake-specific
standards/FELs by the APU engine's cycle-weighted power. The results are
the APU's emissions rates (in g/hr).
(iv) Use these emissions rates as the locomotive's idle emissions
rates when the locomotive is shutdown and the APU is running. Do not
apply a deterioration factor to these values.
(4) Other. You may ask us to approve an alternative means to account
for APU emissions.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1033.515 Discrete-mode steady-state emission tests of locomotives and

locomotive engines.

This section describes how to test locomotives at each notch setting
so that emissions can be weighted according to either the line-haul duty
cycle or the switch duty cycle. The locomotive test cycle consists of a
warm-up followed by a sequence of nominally steady-state discrete test
modes, as described in Table 1 to this section. The test modes are
steady-state with respect to operator demand, which is the notch setting
for the locomotive. Engine speeds and loads are not necessarily steady-
state.
(a) Follow the provisions of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart F for general
pre-test procedures (including engine and sampling system pre-
conditioning which is included as engine warm-up). You may operate the
engine in any way you choose to warm it up prior to beginning the sample
preconditioning specified in 40 CFR part 1065.
(b) Begin the test by operating the locomotive over the pre-test
portion of the cycle specified in Table 1 to this section. For
locomotives not equipped with catalysts, you may begin the test as soon
as the engine reaches its lowest idle setting. For catalyst-equipped
locomotives, you may begin the test in normal idle mode if the engine
does not reach its lowest idle setting within 15 minutes. If you do
start in normal idle, run the low idle mode after normal idle, then
resume the specified mode sequence (without repeating the normal idle
mode).
(c) Measure emissions during the rest of the test cycle.
(1) Each test mode begins when the operator demand to the locomotive
or engine is set to the applicable notch setting.
(2) Start measuring gaseous emissions, power, and fuel consumption
at the start of the test mode A and continue until the completion of
test mode 8. You may zero and span analyzers between modes (or take
other actions consistent with good engineering judgment).
(i) The sample period over which emissions for the mode are averaged
generally begins when the operator demand is changed to start the test
mode and ends within 5 seconds of the minimum sampling time for the test
mode is reached. However, you need to shift the sampling period to
account for sample system residence times. Follow the provisions of 40
CFR 1065.308 and 1065.309 to time align emission and work measurements.
(ii) The sample period is 300 seconds for all test modes except mode
10. The sample period for test mode 8 is 600 seconds.
(3) If gaseous emissions are sampled using a batch-sampling method,
begin proportional sampling at the beginning of each sampling period and
terminate

[[Page 52]]

sampling once the minimum time in each test mode is reached, 5 seconds.
(4) If applicable, begin the smoke test at the start of the test
mode A. Continue collecting smoke data until the completion of test mode
8. Refer to Sec. 1033.101 to determine applicability of smoke testing
and Sec. 1033.525 for details on how to conduct a smoke test.
(5) Begin proportional sampling of PM emissions at the beginning of
each sampling period and terminate sampling within 5 seconds of the specified time in each test mode. If
the PM sample is not sufficiently large, take one of the following
actions consistent with good engineering judgment:
(i) Extend the sampling period up to a maximum of 15 minutes.
(ii) Group the modes in the same manner as the phases of the ramped
modal cycle and use three different dilution settings for the groups.
Use one setting for both idle modes, one for dynamic brake through notch
5, and one for notches 6 through 8. For each group, ensure that the mode
with the highest exhaust flow (typically normal idle, notch 5, and notch
8) meets the criteria for minimum dilution ratio in 40 CFR part 1065.
(6) Proceed through each test mode in the order specified in Table 1
to this section until the locomotive test cycle is completed.
(7) At the end of each numbered test mode, you may continue to
operate sampling and dilution systems to allow corrections for the
sampling system's response time.
(8) Following the completion of Mode 8, conduct the post sampling
procedures in Sec. 1065.530. Note that cycle validation criteria do not
apply to testing of complete locomotives.

Table 1 to Sec. 1033.515--Locomotive Test Cycle
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode Sample averaging period for
Test mode Notch setting (minutes) \1\ emissions \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-test idle..................... Lowest idle setting.. 10 to 15 \3\........ Not applicable
A................................. Low idle \2\......... 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
B................................. Normal idle.......... 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
C................................. Dynamic brake \2\.... 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
1................................. Notch 1.............. 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
2................................. Notch 2.............. 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
3................................. Notch 3.............. 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
4................................. Notch 4.............. 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
5................................. Notch 5.............. 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
6................................. Notch 6.............. 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
7................................. Notch 7.............. 5 to 10............. 300 5
seconds
8................................. Notch 8.............. 10 to 15............ 600 5
seconds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The time in each notch and sample averaging period may be extended as needed to allow for collection of a
sufficiently large PM sample.
\2\ Omit if not so equipped.
\3\ See paragraph (b) of this section for alternate pre-test provisions.

(d) Use one of the following approaches for sampling PM emissions
during discrete-mode steady-state testing:
(1) Engines certified to a PM standard/FEL at or above 0.05 g/bhp-
hr. Use a separate PM filter sample for each test mode of the locomotive
test cycle according to the procedures specified in paragraph (a)
through (c) of this section. You may ask to use a shorter sampling
period if the total mass expected to be collected would cause
unacceptably high pressure drop across the filter before reaching the
end of the required sampling time. We will not allow sampling times
shorter than 60 seconds. When we conduct locomotive emission tests, we
will adhere to the time limits for each of the numbered modes in Table 1
to this section.
(2) Engines certified to a PM standard/FEL below 0.05 g/bhp-hr. (i)
You may use separate PM filter samples for each test mode as described
in paragraph (d)(1) of this section; however, we recommend that you do
not. The low rate of sample filter loading will result in very long
sampling times and the large number of filter samples may induce
uncertainty stack-up that will lead to unacceptable PM measurement
accuracy. Instead, we recommend that you

[[Page 53]]

measure PM emissions as specified in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this
section.
(ii) You may use a single PM filter for sampling PM over all of the
test modes of the locomotive test cycle as specified in this paragraph
(d)(2). Vary the sample time to be proportional to the applicable line-
haul or switch weighting factors specified in Sec. 1033.530 for each
mode. The minimum sampling time for each mode is 400 seconds multiplied
by the weighting factor. For example, for a mode with a weighting factor
of 0.030, the minimum sampling time is 12.0 seconds. PM sampling in each
mode must be proportional to engine exhaust flow as specified in 40 CFR
part 1065. Begin proportional sampling of PM emissions at the beginning
of each test mode as is specified in paragraph (c) of this section. End
the sampling period for each test mode so that sampling times are
proportional to the weighting factors for the applicable duty cycles. If
necessary, you may extend the time limit for each of the test modes
beyond the sampling times in Table 1 to this section to increase the
sampled mass of PM emissions or to account for proper weighting of the
PM emission sample over the entire cycle, using good engineering
judgment.
(e) This paragraph (e) describes how to test locomotive engines when
not installed in a locomotive. Note that the test procedures for
dynamometer engine testing of locomotive engines are intended to produce
emission measurements that are the same as emission measurements
produced during testing of complete locomotives using the same engine
configuration. The following requirements apply for all engine tests:
(1) Specify a second-by-second set of engine speed and load points
that are representative of in-use locomotive operation for each of the
set-points of the locomotive test cycle described in Table 1 to this
section, including transitions from one notch to the next. This is your
reference cycle for validating your cycle. You may ignore points between
the end of the sampling period for one mode and the point at which you
change the notch setting to begin the next mode.
(2) Keep the temperature of the air entering the engine after any
charge air cooling to within 5 [deg]C of the typical intake manifold air
temperature when the engine is operated in the locomotive under similar
ambient conditions.
(3) Proceed as specified in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this
section for testing complete locomotives.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 8424, Feb. 24, 2009; 75 FR 22985, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.520 Alternative ramped modal cycles.

(a) Locomotive testing over a ramped modal cycle is intended to
improve measurement accuracy at low emission levels by allowing the use
of batch sampling of PM and gaseous emissions over multiple locomotive
notch settings. Ramped modal cycles combine multiple test modes of a
discrete-mode steady-state into a single sample period. Time in notch is
varied to be proportional to weighting factors. The ramped modal cycle
for line-haul locomotives is shown in Table 1 to this section. The
ramped modal cycle for switch locomotives is shown in Table 2 to this
section. Both ramped modal cycles consist of a warm-up followed by three
test phases that are each weighted in a manner that maintains the duty
cycle weighting of the line-haul and switch locomotive duty cycles in
Sec. 1033.530. You may use ramped modal cycle testing for any
locomotives certified under this part.
(b) Ramped modal testing requires continuous gaseous analyzers and
three separate PM filters (one for each phase). You may collect a single
batch sample for each test phase, but you must also measure gaseous
emissions continuously to allow calculation of notch caps as required
under Sec. 1033.101.
(c) You may operate the engine in any way you choose to warm it up.
Then follow the provisions of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart F for general
pre-test procedures (including engine and sampling system pre-
conditioning).
(d) Begin the test by operating the locomotive over the pre-test
portion of the cycle. For locomotives not equipped with catalysts, you
may begin the test as soon as the engine reaches

[[Page 54]]

its lowest idle setting. For catalyst-equipped locomotives, you may
begin the test in normal idle mode if the engine does not reach its
lowest idle setting within 15 minutes. If you do start in normal idle,
run the low idle mode after normal idle, then resume the specified mode
sequence (without repeating the normal idle mode).
(e) Start the test according to 40 CFR 1065.530.
(1) Each test phase begins when operator demand is set to the first
operator demand setting of each test phase of the ramped modal cycle.
Each test phase ends when the time in mode is reached for the last mode
in the test phase.
(2) For PM emissions (and other batch sampling), the sample period
over which emissions for the phase are averaged generally begins within
10 seconds after the operator demand is changed to start the test phase
and ends within 5 seconds of the sampling time for the test mode is
reached. (see Table 1 to this section). You may ask to delay the start
of the sample period to account for sample system residence times longer
than 10 seconds.
(3) Use good engineering judgment when transitioning between phases.
(i) You should come as close as possible to simultaneously:
(A) Ending batch sampling of the previous phase.
(B) Starting batch sampling of the next phase.
(C) Changing the operator demand to the notch setting for the first
mode in the next phase.
(ii) Avoid the following:
(A) Overlapping batch sampling of the two phases.
(B) An unnecessarily long delay before starting the next phase.
(iii) For example, the following sequence would generally be
appropriate:
(A) End batch sampling for phase 2 after 240 seconds in notch 7.
(B) Switch the operator demand to notch 8 one second later.
(C) Begin batch sampling for phase 3 one second after switching to
notch 8.
(4) If applicable, begin the smoke test at the start of the first
test phase of the applicable ramped modal cycle. Continue collecting
smoke data until the completion of final test phase. Refer to Sec.
1033.101 to determine applicability of the smoke standards and Sec.
1033.525 for details on how to conduct a smoke test.
(5) Proceed through each test phase of the applicable ramped modal
cycle in the order specified until the test is completed.
(6) If you must void a test phase you may repeat the phase. To do
so, begin with a warm engine operating at the notch setting for the last
mode in the previous phase. You do not need to repeat later phases if
they were valid. (Note: you must report test results for all voided
tests and test phases.)
(7) Following the completion of the third test phase of the
applicable ramped modal cycle, conduct the post sampling procedures
specified in 40 CFR 1065.530.
(f) Calculate your cycle-weighted brake-specific emission rates as
follows:
(1) For each test phase j:
(i) Calculate emission rates (Eij) for each pollutant i
as the total mass emissions divided by the total time in the phase.
(ii) Calculate average power (Pj) as the total work
divided by the total time in the phase.
(2) For each pollutant, calculate your cycle-weighted brake-specific
emission rate using the following equation, where wj is the
weighting factor for phase j:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.010

(g) The following tables define applicable ramped modal cycles for
line-haul and switch locomotives:

Table 1 to Sec. 1033.520--Line-Haul Locomotive Ramped Modal Cycle
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMC test phase Weighting RMC Time in Notch setting
---------------------------------------------- factor mode mode --------------------------------
--------------------- (seconds)
Pre-test idle ------------- Lowest idle setting \1\
NA NA 600 to 900
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase 1 ........... A 600 Low Idle.\2\

[[Page 55]]

(Idle test).................................. 0.380 B 600 Normal Idle.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase Transition
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C 1000 Dynamic Brake.\3\
1 520 Notch 1.
Phase 2...................................... 0.389 2 520 Notch 2.
3 416 Notch 3.
4 352 Notch 4.
5 304 Notch 5.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase Transition
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 144 Notch 6.
Phase 3...................................... 0.231 7 111 Notch 7.
8 600 Notch 8.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See paragraph (d) of this section for alternate pre-test provisions.
\2\ Operate at normal idle for modes A and B if not equipped with multiple idle settings.
\3\ Operate at normal idle if not equipped with a dynamic brake.

Table 2 to Sec. 1033.520--Switch Locomotive Ramped Modal Cycle
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMC test phase Weighting RMC Time in Notch setting
---------------------------------------------- factor mode mode --------------------------------
--------------------- (seconds)
Pre-test idle ------------- Lowest idle setting \1\
NA NA 600 to 900
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase 1 ........... A 600 Low Idle.\2\
(Idle test).................................. 0.598 B 600 Normal Idle.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase Transition
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 868 Notch 1.
........... 2 861 Notch 2.
Phase 2...................................... 0.377 3 406 Notch 3.
4 252 Notch 4.
5 252 Notch 5.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase Transition
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 1080 Notch 6.
Phase 3...................................... 0.025 7 144 Notch 7.
8 576 Notch 8.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See paragraph (d) of this section for alternate pre-test provisions.
\2\ Operate at normal idle for modes A and B if not equipped with multiple idle settings.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8424, Feb. 24, 2009]

Sec. 1033.525 Smoke testing.

This section describes the equipment and procedures for testing for
smoke emissions when is required.
(a) This section specifies how to measure smoke emissions using a
full-flow, open path light extinction smokemeter. A light extinction
meter consists of a built-in light beam that traverses the exhaust smoke
plume that issues from exhaust the duct. The light beam must be at right
angles to the axis of the plume. Align the light beam to go through the
plume along the hydraulic diameter (defined in 1065.1001) of the exhaust
stack. Where it is difficult to align the beam to have a path length
equal to the hydraulic diameter (such as a long narrow rectangular
duct), you may align the beam to have a different path length and
correct it to be equivalent to a path length equal to the hydraulic
diameter. The light extinction meter must meet the requirements of
paragraph (b) of this section and the following requirements:

[[Page 56]]

(1) Use an incandescent light source with a color temperature range
of 2800K to 3250K, or a light source with a spectral peak between 550
and 570 nanometers.
(2) Collimate the light beam to a nominal diameter of 3 centimeters
and an angle of divergence within a 6 degree included angle.
(3) Use a photocell or photodiode light detector. If the light
source is an incandescent lamp, use a detector that has a spectral
response similar to the photopic curve of the human eye (a maximum
response in the range of 550 to 570 nanometers, to less than four
percent of that maximum response below 430 nanometers and above 680
nanometers).
(4) Attach a collimating tube to the detector with apertures equal
to the beam diameter to restrict the viewing angle of the detector to
within a 16 degree included angle.
(5) Amplify the detector signal corresponding to the amount of
light.
(6) You may use an air curtain across the light source and detector
window assemblies to minimize deposition of smoke particles on those
surfaces, provided that it does not measurably affect the opacity of the
plume.
(7) Minimize distance from the optical centerline to the exhaust
outlet; in no case may it be more than 3.0 meters. The maximum allowable
distance of unducted space upstream of the optical centerline is 0.5
meters. Center the full flow of the exhaust stream between the source
and detector apertures (or windows and lenses) and on the axis of the
light beam.
(8) You may use light extinction meters employing substantially
identical measurement principles and producing substantially equivalent
results, but which employ other electronic and optical techniques.
(b) All smokemeters must meet the following specifications:
(1) A full-scale deflection response time of 0.5 second or less.
(2) You may attenuate signal responses with frequencies higher than
10 Hz with a separate low-pass electronic filter with the following
performance characteristics:
(i) Three decibel point: 10 Hz.
(ii) Insertion loss: 0.0 0.5 dB.
(iii) Selectivity: 12 dB down at 40 Hz minimum.
(iv) Attenuation: 27 dB down at 40 Hz minimum.
(c) Perform the smoke test by continuously recording smokemeter
response over the entire locomotive test cycle in percent opacity to
within one percent resolution and also simultaneously record operator
demand set point (e.g., notch position). Compare the recorded opacities
to the smoke standards applicable to your locomotive.
(d) You may use a partial flow sampling smokemeter if you correct
for the path length of your exhaust plume. If you use a partial flow
sampling meter, follow the instrument manufacturer's installation,
calibration, operation, and maintenance procedures.

Sec. 1033.530 Duty cycles and calculations.

This section describes how to apply the duty cycle to measured
emission rates to calculate cycle-weighted average emission rates.
(a) Standard duty cycles and calculations. Tables 1 and 2 of this
section show the duty cycle to use to calculate cycle-weighted average
emission rates for locomotives equipped with two idle settings, eight
propulsion notches, and at least one dynamic brake notch and tested
using the Locomotive Test Cycle. Use the appropriate weighting factors
for your locomotive application and calculate cycle-weighted average
emissions as specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G.

Table 1 to Sec. 1033.530--Standard Duty Cycle Weighting Factors for Calculating Emission Rates for Locomotives
With Multiple Idle Settings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Line-haul
Line-haul weighting Switch
Notch setting Test mode weighting factors (no weighting
factors dynamic factors
brake)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low Idle................................... A........................... 0.190 0.190 0.299

[[Page 57]]

Normal Idle................................ B........................... 0.190 0.315 0.299
Dynamic Brake.............................. C........................... 0.125 (\1\) 0.000
Notch 1.................................... 1........................... 0.065 0.065 0.124
Notch 2.................................... 2........................... 0.065 0.065 0.123
Notch 3.................................... 3........................... 0.052 0.052 0.058
Notch 4.................................... 4........................... 0.044 0.044 0.036
Notch 5.................................... 5........................... 0.038 0.038 0.036
Notch 6.................................... 6........................... 0.039 0.039 0.015
Notch 7.................................... 7........................... 0.030 0.030 0.002
Notch 8.................................... 8........................... 0.162 0.162 0.008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Not applicable.

Table 2 to Sec. 1033.530--Standard Duty Cycle Weighting Factors for Calculating Emission Rates for Locomotives
With a Single Idle Setting
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Line-haul
Notch setting Test mode Line-haul (no dynamic Switch
brake)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Normal Idle................................ A........................... 0.380 0.505 0.598
Dynamic Brake.............................. C........................... 0.125 (\1\) 0.000
Notch 1.................................... 1........................... 0.065 0.065 0.124
Notch 2.................................... 2........................... 0.065 0.065 0.123
Notch 3.................................... 3........................... 0.052 0.052 0.058
Notch 4.................................... 4........................... 0.044 0.044 0.036
Notch 5.................................... 5........................... 0.038 0.038 0.036
Notch 6.................................... 6........................... 0.039 0.039 0.015
Notch 7.................................... 7........................... 0.030 0.030 0.002
Notch 8.................................... 8........................... 0.162 0.162 0.008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Not applicable.

(b) Idle and dynamic brake notches. The test procedures generally
require you to measure emissions at two idle settings and one dynamic
brake, as follows:
(1) If your locomotive is equipped with two idle settings and one or
more dynamic brake settings, measure emissions at both idle settings and
the worst case dynamic brake setting, and weight the emissions as
specified in the applicable table of this section. Where it is not
obvious which dynamic brake setting represents worst case, do one of the
following:
(i) You may measure emissions and power at each dynamic brake point
and average them together.
(ii) You may measure emissions and power at the dynamic brake point
with the lowest power.
(2) If your locomotive is equipped with two idle settings and is not
equipped with dynamic brake, use a normal idle weighting factor of 0.315
for the line-haul cycle. If your locomotive is equipped with only one
idle setting and no dynamic brake, use an idle weighting factor of 0.505
for the line-haul cycle.
(c) Nonstandard notches or no notches. If your locomotive is
equipped with more or less than 8 propulsion notches, recommend an
alternate test cycle based on the in-use locomotive configuration.
Unless you have data demonstrating that your locomotive will be operated
differently from conventional locomotives, recommend weighting factors
that are consistent with the power weightings of the specified duty
cycle. For example, the average load factor for your recommended cycle
(cycle-weighted power divided by rated power) should be equivalent to
those of conventional locomotives. We may also allow the use of the
standard power levels shown in Table 3 to this section for nonstandard
locomotive testing subject to our prior approval.

[[Page 58]]

This paragraph (c) does not allow engines to be tested without
consideration of the actual notches that will be used.

Table 3 to Sec. 1033.530--Standard Notch Power Levels Expressed as a
Percentage of Rated Power
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Normal Idle.................................................. 0.00
Dynamic Brake................................................ 0.00
Notch 1...................................................... 4.50
Notch 2...................................................... 11.50
Notch 3...................................................... 23.50
Notch 4...................................................... 35.00
Notch 5...................................................... 48.50
Notch 6...................................................... 64.00
Notch 7...................................................... 85.00
Notch 8...................................................... 100.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) Optional Ramped Modal Cycle Testing. Tables 1 and 2 of Sec.
1033.520 show the weighting factors to use to calculate cycle-weighted
average emission rates for the applicable locomotive ramped modal cycle.
Use the weighting factors for the ramped modal cycle for your locomotive
application and calculate cycle-weighted average emissions as specified
in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G.
(e) Automated Start-Stop. For a locomotive equipped with features
that shut the engine off after prolonged periods of idle, multiply the
measured idle mass emission rate over the idle portion of the applicable
test cycles by a factor equal to one minus the estimated fraction
reduction in idling time that will result in use from the shutdown
feature. Do not apply this factor to the weighted idle power.
Application of this adjustment is subject to our approval if the
fraction reduction in idling time that is estimated to result from the
shutdown feature is greater than 25 percent. This paragraph (e) does not
apply if the locomotive is (or will be) covered by a separate
certificate for idle control.
(f) Multi-engine locomotives. This paragraph (f) applies for
locomotives using multiple engines where all engines are identical in
all material respects. In cases where we allow engine dynamometer
testing, you may test a single engine consistent with good engineering
judgment, as long as you test it at the operating points at which the
engines will operate when installed in the locomotive (excluding
stopping and starting). Weigh the results to reflect the power demand/
power-sharing of the in-use configuration for each notch setting.
(g) Representative test cycles for freshly manufactured locomotives.
As specified in this paragraph (g), manufacturers may be required to use
an alternate test cycle for freshly manufactured Tier 3 and later
locomotives.
(1) If you determine that you are adding design features that will
make the expected average in-use duty cycle for any of your freshly
manufactured locomotive engine families significantly different from the
otherwise applicable test cycle (including weighting factors), you must
notify us and recommend an alternate test cycle that represents the
expected average in-use duty cycle. You should also obtain preliminary
approval before you begin collecting data to support an alternate test
cycle. We will specify whether to use the default duty cycle, your
recommended cycle, or a different cycle, depending on which cycle we
believe best represents expected in-use operation.
(2) The provisions of this paragraph (g) apply differently for
different types of locomotives, as follows:
(i) For Tier 4 and later line-haul locomotives, use the cycle
required by (g)(1) of this section to show compliance with the line-haul
cycle standards.
(ii) For Tier 3 and later switch locomotives, use the cycle required
by (g)(1) of this section to show compliance with the switch cycle
standards.
(iii) For Tier 3 line-haul locomotives, if we specify an alternate
cycle, use it to show compliance with the line-haul cycle standards. If
you include the locomotives in the ABT program of subpart H of this
part, calculate line-haul cycle credits (positive or negative) using the
alternate cycle and the line-haul cycle standards. Your locomotive is
deemed to also generate an equal amount of switch cycle credits.
(3) For all locomotives certified using an alternate cycle, include
a description of the cycle in the owners manual such that the locomotive
can be remanufactured using the same cycle.
(4) For example, if your freshly manufactured line-haul locomotives
are

[[Page 59]]

equipped with load control features that modify how the locomotive will
operate when it is in a consist, and such features will cause the
locomotives to operate differently from the otherwise applicable line-
haul cycle, we may require you to certify using an alternate cycle.
(5) See paragraph (h) of this section for cycle-changing design
features that also result in energy savings.
(h) Calculation adjustments for energy-saving design features. The
provisions of this paragraph (h) apply for locomotives equipped with new
energy-saving locomotive design features. They do not apply for features
that only improve the engine's brake-specific fuel consumption. They
also do not apply for features that were commonly incorporated in
locomotives before 2008. See paragraph (h)(6) of this section for
provisions related to determining whether certain features are
considered to have been commonly incorporated in locomotives before
2008.
(1) Manufacturers/remanufacturers choosing to adjust emissions under
this paragraph (h) must do all of the following for certification:
(i) Describe the energy-saving features in your application for
certification.
(ii) Describe in your installation instruction and/or maintenance
instructions all steps necessary to utilize the energy-saving features.
(2) If your design feature will also affect the locomotives' duty
cycle, you must comply with the requirements of paragraph (g) of this
section.
(3) Calculate the energy savings as follows:
(i) Estimate the expected mean in-use fuel consumption rate (on a
BTU per ton-mile basis) with and without the energy saving design
feature, consistent with the specifications of paragraph (h)(4) of this
section. The energy savings is the ratio of fuel consumed from a
locomotive operating with the new feature to fuel consumed from a
locomotive operating without the feature under identical conditions.
Include an estimate of the 80 percent confidence interval for your
estimate of the mean and other statistical parameters we specify.
(ii) Your estimate must be based on in-use operating data,
consistent with good engineering judgment. Where we have previously
certified your design feature under this paragraph (h), we may require
you to update your analysis based on all new data that are available.
You must obtain approval before you begin collecting operational data
for this purpose.
(iii) We may allow you to consider the effects of your design
feature separately for different route types, regions, or railroads. We
may require that you certify these different locomotives in different
engine families and may restrict their use to the specified
applications.
(iv) Design your test plan so that the operation of the locomotives
with and without is as similar as possible in all material aspects
(other than the design feature being evaluated). Correct all data for
any relevant differences, consistent with good engineering judgment.
(v) Do not include any brake-specific energy savings in your
calculated values. If it is not possible to exclude such effects from
your data gathering, you must correct for these effects, consistent with
good engineering judgment.
(4) Calculate adjustment factors as described in this paragraph
(h)(4). If the energy savings will apply broadly, calculate and apply
the adjustment on a cycle-weighted basis. Otherwise, calculate and apply
the adjustment separately for each notch. To apply the adjustment,
multiply the emissions (either cycle-weighted or notch-specific, as
applicable) by the adjustment. Use the lower bound of the 80 percent
confidence interval of the estimate of the mean as your estimated energy
savings rate. We may cap your energy savings rate for this paragraph
(h)(4) at 80 percent of the estimate of the mean. Calculate the emission
adjustment factors as:

AF = 1.000 - (energy savings rate)

(5) We may require you to collect and report data from locomotives
we allow you to certify under this paragraph (h) and to recalculate the
adjustment factor for future model years based on such data.

[[Page 60]]

(6) Features that are considered to have not been commonly
incorporated in locomotives before 2008 include but are not limited to
those identified in this paragraph (h)(6).
(i) Electronically controlled pneumatic (ECP) brakes, computerized
throttle management control, and advanced hybrid technology were not
commonly incorporated in locomotives before 2008. Manufacturers may
claim full credit for energy savings that result from applying these
features to freshly manufactured and/or remanufactured locomotives.
(ii) Distributed power systems that use radio controls to optimize
operation of locomotives in the middle and rear of a train were commonly
incorporated in some but not all locomotives in 2008. Manufacturers may
claim credit for incorporating these features into locomotives as
follows:
(A) Manufacturers may claim prorated credit for incorporating
distributed power systems in freshly manufactured locomotives. Multiply
the energy saving rate by 0.50 when calculating the adjustment factor:

AF = 1.000-(energy savings rate) x (0.50)

(B) Manufacturers may claim full credit for retrofitting distributed
power systems in remanufactured locomotives.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 22985, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.535 Adjusting emission levels to account for infrequently

regenerating aftertreatment devices.

This section describes how to adjust emission results from
locomotives using aftertreatment technology with infrequent regeneration
events that occur during testing. See paragraph (e) of this section for
how to adjust ramped modal testing. See paragraph (f) of this section
for how to adjust discrete-mode testing. For this section,
``regeneration'' means an intended event during which emission levels
change while the system restores aftertreatment performance. For
example, hydrocarbon emissions may increase temporarily while oxidizing
accumulated particulate matter in a trap. Also for this section,
``infrequent'' refers to regeneration events that are expected to occur
on average less than once per sample period.
(a) Developing adjustment factors. Develop an upward adjustment
factor and a downward adjustment factor for each pollutant based on
measured emission data and observed regeneration frequency. Adjustment
factors should generally apply to an entire engine family, but you may
develop separate adjustment factors for different configurations within
an engine family. If you use adjustment factors for certification, you
must identify the frequency factor, F, from paragraph (b) of this
section in your application for certification and use the adjustment
factors in all testing for that engine family. You may use carryover or
carry-across data to establish adjustment factors for an engine family,
as described in Sec. 1033.235, consistent with good engineering
judgment. All adjustment factors for regeneration are additive.
Determine adjustment factors separately for different test segments as
described in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section. You may use either
of the following different approaches for locomotives that use
aftertreatment with infrequent regeneration events:
(1) You may disregard this section if you determine that
regeneration does not significantly affect emission levels for an engine
family (or configuration) or if it is not practical to identify when
regeneration occurs. If you do not use adjustment factors under this
section, your locomotives must meet emission standards for all testing,
without regard to regeneration.
(2) You may ask us to approve an alternate methodology to account
for regeneration events. We will generally limit approval to cases in
which your locomotives use aftertreatment technology with extremely
infrequent regeneration and you are unable to apply the provisions of
this section.
(b) Calculating average emission factors. Calculate the average
emission factor (EFA) based on the following equation:

EFA = (F)(EFH) + (1-F)(EFL)

Where:

F = the frequency of the regeneration event during normal in-use
operation, expressed in terms of the fraction of equivalent tests

[[Page 61]]

during which the regeneration occurs. You may determine F from in-use
operating data or running replicate tests. For example, if you observe
that the regeneration occurs 125 times during 1000 MW-hrs of operation,
and your locomotive typically accumulates 1 MW-hr per test, F would be
(125) / (1000) x (1) = 0.125.
EFH = measured emissions from a test segment in which the regeneration
occurs.
EFL = measured emissions from a test segment in which the regeneration
does not occur.

(c) Applying adjustment factors. Apply adjustment factors based on
whether regeneration occurs during the test run. You must be able to
identify regeneration in a way that is readily apparent during all
testing.
(1) If regeneration does not occur during a test segment, add an
upward adjustment factor to the measured emission rate. Determine the
upward adjustment factor (UAF) using the following equation:

UAF = EFA-EFL

(2) If regeneration occurs or starts to occur during a test segment,
subtract a downward adjustment factor from the measured emission rate.
Determine the downward adjustment factor (DAF) using the following
equation:

DAF = EFH-EFA

(d) Sample calculation. If EFL is 0.10 g/bhp-hr, EFH is 0.50 g/ bhp-
hr, and F is 0.10 (the regeneration occurs once for each ten tests),
then:

EFA = (0.10)(0.50 g/ bhp-hr) + (1.00-0.10)(0.10 g/ bhp-hr) = 0.14 g/
bhp-hr.
UAF = 0.14 g/ bhp-hr-0.10 g/ bhp-hr = 0.04 g/ bhp-hr.
DAF = 0.50 g/ bhp-hr-0.14 g/ bhp-hr = 0.36 g/ bhp-hr

(e) Ramped modal testing. Develop separate adjustment factors for
each test phase. If a regeneration has started but has not been
completed when you reach the end of a test phase, use good engineering
judgment to reduce your downward adjustments to be proportional to the
emission impact that occurred in the test phases.
(f) Discrete-mode testing. Develop separate adjustment factors for
each test mode. If a regeneration has started but has not been completed
when you reach the end of the sampling time for a test mode extend the
sampling period for that mode until the regeneration is completed.

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1033.601 General compliance provisions.

Locomotive manufacturer/remanufacturers, as well as owners and
operators of locomotives subject to the requirements of this part, and
all other persons, must observe the provisions of this part, the
requirements and prohibitions in 40 CFR part 1068, and the provisions of
the Clean Air Act. The provisions of 40 CFR part 1068 apply for
locomotives as specified in that part, except as otherwise specified in
this section.
(a) Meaning of terms. When used in 40 CFR part 1068, apply meanings
for specific terms as follows:
(1) ``Manufacturer'' means manufacturer and/or remanufacturer.
(2) ``Date of manufacture'' means date of original manufacture for
freshly manufactured locomotives and the date on which a remanufacture
is completed for remanufactured engines.
(b) Engine rebuilding. The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.120 do not
apply when remanufacturing locomotives under a certificate of conformity
issued under this part.
(c) Exemptions. (1) The exemption provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240
(i.e., exemptions for replacement engines) do not apply for domestic or
imported locomotives. (Note: You may introduce into commerce freshly
manufactured replacement engines under this part, provided the
locomotives into which they are installed are covered by a certificate
of conformity.)
(2) The exemption provisions of 40 CFR 1068.250 and 1068.255 (i.e.,
exemptions for hardship relief) do not apply for domestic or imported
locomotives. See Sec. 1033.620 for provisions related to hardship
relief.
(3) The exemption provisions of 40 CFR 1068.261 (i.e., exemptions
for delegated assembly) do not apply for domestic or imported
locomotives, except as specified in Sec. 1033.630.
(4) The provisions for importing engines and equipment under the
identical configuration exemption of 40

[[Page 62]]

CFR 1068.315(i) do not apply for locomotives.
(5) The provisions for importing engines and equipment under the
ancient engine exemption of 40 CFR 1068.315(j) do not apply for
locomotives.
(d) SEAs, defect reporting, and recall. The provisions of 40 CFR
part 1068, subpart E (i.e., SEA provisions) do not apply for
locomotives. Except as noted in this paragraph (d), the provisions of 40
CFR part 1068, subpart F, apply to certificate holders for locomotives
as specified for manufacturers in that part.
(1) When there are multiple persons meeting the definition of
manufacturer or remanufacturer, each person meeting the definition of
manufacturer or remanufacturer must comply with the requirements of 40
CFR part 1068, subpart F, as needed so that the certificate holder can
fulfill its obligations under those subparts.
(2) The defect investigation requirements of 40 CFR 1068.501(a)(5),
(b)(1) and (b)(2) do not apply for locomotives. Instead, use good
engineering judgment to investigate emission-related defects consistent
with normal locomotive industry practice for investigating defects. You
are not required to track parts shipments as indicators of possible
defects.
(e) Introduction into commerce. The placement of a new locomotive or
new locomotive engine back into service following remanufacturing is a
violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1), unless it has a valid certificate of
conformity for its model year and the required label.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 22986, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.610 Small railroad provisions.

In general, the provisions of this part apply for all locomotives,
including those owned by Class II and Class III railroads. This section
describes how these provisions apply for railroads meeting the
definition of ``small railroad'' in Sec. 1033.901. (Note: The term
``small railroad'' excludes all Class II railroads and some Class III
railroads, such as those owned by large parent companies.)
(a) Locomotives become subject to the provisions of this part when
they become ``new'' as defined in Sec. 1033.901. Under that definition,
a locomotive is ``new'' when first assembled, and generally becomes
``new'' again when remanufactured. As an exception to this general
concept, locomotives that are owned and operated by railroads meeting
the definition of ``small railroad'' in Sec. 1033.901 do not become
``new'' when remanufactured, unless they were previously certified to
EPA emission standards. Certificate holders may require written
confirmation from the owner/operator that the locomotive qualifies as a
locomotive that is owned and operated by a small railroad. Such written
confirmation to a certificate holder is deemed to also be a submission
to EPA and is thus subject to the reporting requirements of 40 CFR
1068.101.
(b) The provisions of subpart I of this part apply to all owners and
operators of locomotives subject to this part 1033. However, the
regulations of that subpart specify some provisions that apply only for
Class I freight railroads, and others that apply differently to Class I
freight railroads and other railroads.
(c) We may exempt new locomotives that are owned or operated by
small railroads from the prohibition against remanufacturing a
locomotive without a certificate of conformity as specified in this
paragraph (c). This exemption is only available in cases where no
certified remanufacturing system is available for the locomotive. For
example, it is possible that no remanufacturer will certify a system for
very old locomotive models that comprise a tiny fraction of the fleet
and that are remanufactured infrequently. We will grant the exemption in
all cases in which no remanufacturing system has been certified for the
applicable engine family and model year. We may also grant an exemption
where we determine that a certified system is unavailable. We may
consider the issue of excessive costs in determining the availability of
certified systems. If we grant this exemption for a previously certified
locomotive, you are required to return the locomotive to its previously
certified configuration. Send

[[Page 63]]

your request for such exemptions to the Designated Compliance Officer.
(d) Non-Class I railroads that do not meet the definition of ``small
railroad'' in Sec. 1033.901 may ask that their remanufactured
locomotives be excluded from the definition of ``new'' in Sec. 1033.901
in cases where no certified remanufacturing system is available for the
locomotive. We will grant the exemption in all cases in which no
remanufacturing system has been certified for the applicable engine
family and model year. If we grant this exemption for a previously
certified locomotive, you are required to return the locomotive to its
previously certified configuration. Send your request for such
exemptions to the Designated Compliance Officer.

Sec. 1033.615 Voluntarily subjecting locomotives to the standards of this

part.

The provisions of this section specify the cases in which an owner
or manufacturer of a locomotive or similar piece of equipment can
subject it to the standards and requirements of this part. Once the
locomotive or equipment becomes subject to the locomotive standards and
requirements of this part, it remains subject to the standards and
requirements of this part for the remainder of its service life.
(a) Equipment excluded from the definition of ``locomotive''. (1)
Manufacturers/remanufacturers of equipment that is excluded from the
definition of ``locomotive'' because of its total power, but would
otherwise meet the definition of locomotive may ask to have it
considered to be a locomotive. To do this, submit an application for
certification as specified in subpart C of this part, explaining why it
should be considered to be a locomotive. If we approve your request, it
will be deemed to be a locomotive for the remainder of its service life.
(2) In unusual circumstances, we may deem other equipment to be
locomotives (at the request of the owner or manufacturer/remanufacturer)
where such equipment does not conform completely to the definition of
locomotive, but is functionally equivalent to a locomotive.
(b) Locomotives excluded from the definition of ``new''. Owners of
remanufactured locomotives excluded from the definition of ``new'' in
Sec. 1033.901 under paragraph (2) of that definition may choose to
upgrade their locomotives to subject their locomotives to the standards
and requirements of this part by complying with the specifications of a
certified remanufacturing system, including the labeling specifications
of Sec. 1033.135.

Sec. 1033.620 Hardship provisions for manufacturers and remanufacturers.

(a) If you qualify for the economic hardship provisions specified in
40 CFR 1068.245, we may approve a period of delayed compliance for up to
one model year total.
(b) The provisions of this paragraph (b) are intended to address
problems that could occur near the date on which more stringent emission
standards become effective, such as the transition from the Tier 2
standards to the Tier 3 standards for line-haul locomotives on January
1, 2012.
(1) In appropriate extreme and unusual circumstances that are
clearly outside the control of the manufacturer and could not have been
avoided by the exercise of prudence, diligence, and due care, we may
permit you, for a brief period, to introduce into commerce locomotives
which do not comply with the applicable emission standards if all of the
following conditions apply:
(i) You cannot reasonably manufacture the locomotives in such a
manner that they would be able to comply with the applicable standards.
(ii) The manufacture of the locomotives was substantially completed
prior to the applicability date of the standards from which you seek the
relief. For example, you may not request relief for a locomotive that
has been ordered, but for which you will not begin the assembly process
prior to the applicability date of the standards. On the other hand, we
would generally consider completion of the underframe weldment to be a
substantial part of the manufacturing process.

[[Page 64]]

(iii) Manufacture of the locomotives was previously scheduled to be
completed at such a point in time that locomotives would have been
included in the previous model year, such that they would have been
subject to less stringent standards, and that such schedule was feasible
under normal conditions.
(iv) You demonstrate that the locomotives comply with the less
stringent standards that applied to the previous model year's production
described in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section, as prescribed by
subpart C of this part (i.e., that the locomotives are identical to
locomotives certified in the previous model year).
(v) You exercised prudent planning, were not able to avoid the
violation, and have taken all reasonable steps to minimize the extent of
the nonconformity.
(vi) We approve your request before you introduce the locomotives
into commerce.
(2) You must notify us as soon as you become aware of the extreme or
unusual circumstances.
(3)(i) Include locomotives for which we grant relief under this
section in the engine family for which they were originally intended to
be included.
(ii) Where the locomotives are to be included in an engine family
that was certified to an FEL above the applicable standard, you must
reserve credits to cover the locomotives covered by this allowance and
include the required information for these locomotives in the end-of-
year report required by subpart H of this part.
(c) In granting relief under this section, we may also set other
conditions as appropriate, such as requiring payment of fees to negate
an economic gain that such relief would otherwise provide.

Sec. 1033.625 Special certification provisions for non-locomotive-specific

engines.

You may certify freshly manufactured or remanufactured locomotives
using non-locomotive-specific engines (as defined in Sec. 1033.901)
using the normal certification procedures of this part. Locomotives
certified in that way are generally treated the same as other
locomotives, except where specified otherwise. The provisions of this
section provide for design certification to the locomotive standards in
this part for locomotives using engines included in engine families
certified under 40 CFR part 1039 (or part 89) in limited circumstances.
(a) Remanufactured or freshly manufactured switch locomotives
powered by non-locomotive-specific engines may be certified by design
without the test data required by Sec. 1033.235 if all of the following
are true:
(1) Before being installed in the locomotive, the engines were
covered by a certificate of conformity issued under 40 CFR Part 1039 (or
part 89) that is effective for the calendar year in which the
manufacture or remanufacture occurs. You may use engines certified
during the previous years if they were subject to the same standards.
You may not make any modifications to the engines unless we approve
them.
(2) The engines were certified to PM, NOX, and
hydrocarbon standards that are numerically lower than the applicable
locomotive standards of this part.
(3) More engines are reasonably projected to be sold and used under
the certificate for non-locomotive use than for use in locomotives.
(4) The number of such locomotives certified under this section does
not exceed 30 in any three-year period. We may waive this sales limit
for locomotive models that have previously demonstrated compliance with
the locomotive standards of Sec. 1033.101 in-use.
(5) We approved the application as specified in paragraph (d) of
this section.
(b) To certify your locomotives by design under this section, submit
your application as specified in Sec. 1033.205, with the following
exceptions:
(1) Include the following instead of the locomotive test data
otherwise required by Sec. 1033.205:
(i) A description of the engines to be used, including the name of
the engine manufacturer and engine family identifier for the engines.
(ii) A brief engineering analysis describing how the engine's
emission controls will function when installed in

[[Page 65]]

the locomotive throughout the locomotive's useful life.
(iii) The emission data submitted under 40 CFR part 1039 (or part
89).
(2) You may separately submit some of the information required by
Sec. 1033.205, consistent with the provisions of Sec. 1033.1(d). For
example, this may be an appropriate way to submit detailed information
about proprietary engine software. Note that this allowance to
separately submit some of the information required by Sec. 1033.205 is
also available for applications not submitted under this section.
(c) Locomotives certified under this section are subject to all the
requirements of this part except as specified in paragraph (b) of this
section. The engines used in such locomotives are not considered to be
included in the otherwise applicable engines family of 40 CFR part 1039
(or part 89).
(d) We will approve or deny the application as specified in subpart
C of this part. For example, we will deny your application for
certification by design under this section in any case where we have
evidence that your locomotives will not conform to the requirements of
this part throughout their useful lives.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22986, Apr. 30, 2010;
76 FR 53780, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1033.630 Staged-assembly and delegated assembly exemptions.

(a) Staged assembly. You may ask us to provide a temporary exemption
to allow you to complete production of your engines and locomotives at
different facilities, as long as you maintain control of the engines
until they are in their certified configuration. We may require you to
take specific steps to ensure that such locomotives are in their
certified configuration before reaching the ultimate purchaser. You may
request an exemption under this paragraph (a) in your application for
certification, or in a separate submission. If you include your request
in your application, your exemption is approved when we grant your
certificate. Note that no exemption is needed to ship an engine that has
been assembled in its certified configuration, is properly labeled, and
will not require an aftertreatment device to be attached when installed
in the locomotive.
(b) Delegated assembly. This paragraph (b) applies where the engine
manufacturer/remanufacturer does not complete assembly of the
locomotives and the engine is shipped after being manufactured or
remanufactured (partially or completely). The provisions of this
paragraph (b) apply differently depending on who holds the certificate
of conformity and the state of the engine when it is shipped. You may
request an exemption under this paragraph (b) in your application for
certification, or in a separate submission. If you include your request
in your application, your exemption is approved when we grant your
certificate. A manufacturer/remanufacturer may request an exemption
under 40 CFR 1068.261 instead of under this section.
(1) In cases where an engine has been assembled in its certified
configuration, properly labeled, and will not require an aftertreatment
device to be attached when installed in the locomotive, no exemption is
needed to ship the engine. You do not need an exemption to ship engines
without specific components if they are not emission-related components
identified in appendix I of 40 CFR part 1068.
(2) In cases where an engine has been properly labeled by the
certificate holder and assembled in its certified configuration except
that it does not yet have a required aftertreatment device, an exemption
is required to ship the engine. You may ask for this exemption if you do
all of the following:
(i) You note on the Engine Emission Control Information label that
the locomotive must include the aftertreatment device to be covered by
the certificate.
(ii) You make clear in your emission-related installation
instructions that installation of the aftertreatment device is required
for the locomotive to be covered by the certificate.
(3) In cases where an engine will be shipped to the certificate
holder in an uncertified configuration, an exemption is required to ship
the engine. You may ask for this exemption under 40 CFR 1068.262.
(c) Other exemptions. In unusual circumstances, you may ask us to
provide

[[Page 66]]

an exemption for an assembly process that is not covered by the
provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. We will make the
exemption conditional based on you complying with requirements that we
determine are necessary to ensure that the locomotives are assembled in
their certified configuration before being placed (back) into service.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1033.640 Provisions for repowered and refurbished locomotives.

(a) The provisions of this section apply for locomotives that are
produced from an existing locomotive so that the new locomotive contains
both previously used parts and parts that have never been used before.
(1) Repowered locomotives are used locomotives in which a freshly
manufactured propulsion engine is installed. As described in this
section, a repowered locomotive is deemed to be either remanufactured or
freshly manufactured, depending on the total amount of unused parts on
the locomotive. It may also be deemed to be a refurbished locomotive.
(2) Refurbished locomotives are locomotives that contain more unused
parts than previously used parts. As described in this section, a
locomotive containing more unused parts than previously used parts may
be deemed to be either remanufactured or freshly manufactured, depending
on the total amount of unused parts on the locomotive. Note that Sec.
1033.901 defines refurbishment of a pre-1973 locomotive to be an upgrade
of the locomotive.
(b) A single existing locomotive cannot be divided into parts and
combined with new parts to create more than one remanufactured
locomotive. However, any number of locomotives can be divided into parts
and combined with new parts to create more than one remanufactured
locomotive, provided the number of locomotives created (remanufactured
and freshly manufactured) does not exceed the number of locomotives that
were disassembled.
(c) You may determine the relative amount of previously used parts
consistent with the specifications of the Federal Railroad
Administration. Otherwise, determine the relative amount of previously
used parts as follows:
(1) Identify the parts in the fully assembled locomotive that have
been previously used and those that have never been used before.
(2) Weight the unused parts and previously used parts by the dollar
value of the parts. For example, a single part valued at $1200 would
count the same as six parts valued at $200 each. Group parts by system
where possible (such as counting the engine as one part) if either all
the parts in that system are used or all the parts in that system are
unused. Calculate the used part values using dollar values from the same
year as the new parts.
(3) Sum the values of the unused parts. Also sum the values of the
previously used parts. The relative fraction of used parts is the total
value of previously used parts divided by the combined value of the
unused parts and previously used parts.
(c) If the weighted fraction of the locomotive that is comprised of
previously used parts is greater than or equal to 25 percent, then the
locomotive is considered to be a remanufactured locomotive and retains
its original date of manufacture. Note, however, that if the weighted
fraction of the locomotive that is comprised of previously used parts is
less than 50 percent, then the locomotive is also considered to be a
refurbished locomotive.
(d) If the weighted fraction of the locomotive that is comprised of
previously used parts is less than 25 percent, then the locomotive is
deemed to be a freshly manufactured locomotive and the date of original
manufacture is the most recent date on which the locomotive was
assembled using less than 25 percent previously used parts. For example:
(1) If you produce a new locomotive that includes a used frame, but
all other parts are unused, then the locomotive would likely be
considered to be a freshly manufactured locomotive because the value of
the frame would likely be less than 25 percent of the total value of the
locomotive. Its date of original manufacture would be the date on which
you complete its assembly.

[[Page 67]]

(2) If you produce a new locomotive by replacing the engine in a
1990 locomotive with a freshly manufactured engine, but all other parts
are used, then the locomotive would likely be considered to be a
remanufactured locomotive and its date of original manufacture is the
date on which assembly was completed in 1990. (Note: such a locomotive
would also be considered to be a repowered locomotive.)
(e) Locomotives containing used parts that are deemed to be freshly
manufactured locomotives are subject to the same provisions as all other
freshly manufactured locomotives. Other refurbished locomotives are
subject to the same provisions as other remanufactured locomotives, with
the following exceptions:
(1) Switch locomotives. (i) Prior to January 1, 2015, remanufactured
Tier 0 switch locomotives that are deemed to be refurbished are subject
to the Tier 0 line-haul cycle and switch cycle standards. Note that this
differs from the requirements applicable to other Tier 0 switch
locomotives, which are not subject to the Tier 0 line-haul cycle
standards.
(ii) Beginning January 1, 2015, remanufactured Tier 3 and earlier
switch locomotives that are deemed to be refurbished are subject to the
Tier 3 switch standards.
(2) Line-haul locomotives. Remanufactured line-haul locomotives that
are deemed to be refurbished are subject to the same standards as
freshly manufactured line-haul locomotives, except that line-haul
locomotives with rated power less than 3000 hp that are refurbished
before January 1, 2015 are subject to the same standards as refurbished
switch locomotives under paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section. However,
line-haul locomotives less than 3000 hp may not generate emission
credits relative to the standards specified in paragraph (e)(1)(i) of
this section.
(3) Labels for switch and line-haul locomotives. Remanufacturers
that refurbish a locomotive must add a secondary locomotive label that
includes the following:
(i) The label heading: ``REFURBISHED LOCOMOTIVE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION.''
(ii) The statement identifying when the locomotive was refurbished
and what standards it is subject to, as follows: ``THIS LOCOMOTIVE WAS
REFURBISHED IN [year of refurbishment] AND MUST COMPLY WITH THE TIER
[applicable standard level] EACH TIME THAT IT IS REMANUFACTURED, EXCEPT
AS ALLOWED BY 40 CFR 1033.750.''.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 8425, Feb. 24, 2009]

Editorial Note: At 73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, Sec. 1033.640 was
added. This amendment included two paragraphs (c) in the original text.

Sec. 1033.645 Non-OEM component certification program.

This section describes a voluntary program that allows you to get
EPA approval of components you manufacture for use during
remanufacturing.
(a) Applicability. This section applies only for components that are
commonly replaced during remanufacturing. It does not apply for other
types of components that are replaced during a locomotive's useful life,
but not typically replaced during remanufacture. Certified components
may be used for remanufacturing or other maintenance.
(1) The following components are eligible for approval under this
section:
(i) Cylinder liners.
(ii) Pistons.
(iii) Piston rings.
(iv) Heads
(v) Fuel injectors.
(vi) Turbochargers
(vii) Aftercoolers and intercoolers.
(2) Catalysts and electronic controls are not eligible for approval
under this section.
(3) We may determine that other types of components can be certified
under this section, consistent with good engineering judgment.
(b) Approval. To obtain approval, submit your request to the
Designated Compliance Officer.
(1) Include all of the following in your request:
(i) A description of the component(s) for which you are requesting
approval.
(ii) A list of all engine/locomotive models and engine families for
which

[[Page 68]]

your component would be used. You may exclude models that are not
subject to our standards or will otherwise not be remanufactured under a
certificate of conformity.
(iii) A copy of the maintenance instructions for engines using your
component. You may reference the other certificate holder's maintenance
instructions in your instructions. For example, your instructions may
specify to follow the other certificate holder's instructions in
general, but list one or more exceptions to address the specific
maintenance needs of your component.
(iv) An engineering analysis (including test data in some cases)
demonstrating to us that your component will not cause emissions to
increase. The analysis must address both low-hour and end-of-useful life
emissions. The amount of information required for this analysis is less
than is required to obtain a certificate of conformity under subpart C
of this part and will vary depending on the type of component being
certified.
(v) The following statement signed by an authorized representative
of your company: We submit this request under 40 CFR 1033.645. All the
information in this report is true and accurate to the best of my
knowledge. I know of the penalties for violating the Clean Air Act and
the regulations. (Authorized Company Representative)
(2) If we determine that there is reasonable technical basis to
believe that your component is sufficiently equivalent that it will not
increase emissions, we will approve your request and you will be a
certificate holder for your components with respect to actual emissions
performance for all locomotives that use those components (in accordance
with this section).
(c) Liability. Being a certificate holder under this section means
that if in-use testing indicates that a certified locomotive using one
or more of your approved components does not comply with an applicable
emission standard, we will presume that you and other certificate
holders are liable for the noncompliance. However, we will not hold you
liable in cases where you convince us that your components did not cause
the noncompliance. Conversely, we will not hold other certificate
holders liable for noncompliance caused solely by your components. You
are also subject to the warranty and defect reporting requirements of
this part for your certified components. Other requirements of this part
apply as specified in Sec. 1033.1.
(d) In-use testing. Locomotives containing your components must be
tested according to the provisions of this paragraph (d).
(1) Except as specified in paragraph (d)(5) of this section, you
must test at least one locomotive if 250 locomotives use your component
under this section. You must test one additional locomotive for the next
additional 500 locomotives that use your component under this section.
After that, we may require you to test one additional locomotive for
each additional 1000 locomotives that use your component under this
section. These numbers apply across model years. For example, if your
component is used in 125 remanufactures per year under this section, you
must test one of the first 250 locomotives, one of the next 500
locomotives, and up to one every eight years after that. Do not count
locomotives that use your components but are not covered by this
section.
(2) Except for the first locomotive you test for a specific
component under this section, locomotives tested under this paragraph
(d) must be past the half-way point of the useful life in terms of MW-
hrs. For the first locomotive you test, select a locomotive that has
operated between 25 and 50 percent of its useful life.
(3) Unless we approve a different schedule, you must complete
testing and report the results to us within 180 days of the earliest
point at which you could complete the testing based on the hours of
operation accumulated by the locomotives. For example, if 250 or more
locomotives use your part under this section, and the first of these to
reach 25 percent of its useful life does so on March 1st of a given
year, you must complete testing of one of the first 250 locomotives and
report to us by August 28th of that year.
(4) Unless we approve different test procedures, you must test the
locomotive according to the procedures specified in subpart F of this
part.

[[Page 69]]

(5) If any locomotives fail to meet all standards, we may require
you to test one additional locomotive for each locomotive that fails.
You may choose to accept that your part is causing an emission problem
rather than continuing testing. You may also test additional locomotives
at any time. We will consider failure rates, average emission levels and
the existence of any defects among other factors in determining whether
to pursue remedial action. We may order a recall pursuant to 40 CFR part
1068 before you complete testing additional locomotives.
(6) You may ask us to allow you to rely on testing performed by
others instead of requiring you to perform testing. For example, if a
railroad tests a locomotive with your component as part of its testing
under Sec. 1033.810, you may ask to submit those test data as
fulfillment of your test obligations under this paragraph (d). If a
given test locomotive uses different components certified under this
section that were manufactured by different manufacturers (such as rings
from one manufacturer and cylinder liners from another manufacturer), a
single test of it may be counted towards both manufacturers' test
obligations. In unusual circumstances, you may also ask us to grant you
hardship relief from the testing requirements of this paragraph (d). In
determining whether to grant you relief, we will consider all relevant
factors including the extent of the financial hardship to your company
and whether the test data are available from other sources, such as
testing performed by a railroad.
(e) Components certified under this section may be used when
remanufacturing Category 2 engines under 40 CFR part 1042.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59190, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 8425, Feb. 24, 2009]

Sec. 1033.650 Incidental use exemption for Canadian and Mexican locomotives.

You may ask us to exempt from the requirements and prohibitions of
this part locomotives that are operated primarily outside of the United
States and that enter the United States temporarily from Canada or
Mexico. We will approve this exemption only where we determine that the
locomotive's operation within the United States will not be extensive
and will be incidental to its primary operation. For example, we would
generally exempt locomotives that will not operate more than 25 miles
from the border and will operate in the United States less than 5
percent of their operating time. For existing operations, you must
request this exemption before January 1, 2011. In your request, identify
the locomotives for which you are requesting an exemption, and describe
their projected use in the United States. We may grant the exemption
broadly or limit the exemption to specific locomotives and/or specific
geographic areas. However, we will typically approve exemptions for
specific rail facilities rather than specific locomotives. In unusual
circumstances, such as cases in which new rail facilities are created,
we may approve requests submitted after January 1, 2011.

Sec. 1033.652 Special provisions for exported locomotives.

(a) Uncertified locomotives. Locomotives covered by an export
exemption under 40 CFR 1068.230 may be introduced into U.S. commerce
prior to being exported, but may not be used in any revenue generating
service in the United States. Locomotives covered by this paragraph (a)
may not include any EPA emission control information label. Such
locomotives may include emission control information labels for the
country to which they are being exported.
(b) Locomotives covered by export-only certificates. Locomotives may
be certified for export under 40 CFR 1068.230. Such locomotives may be
introduced into U.S. commerce prior to being exported, but may not be
used in any revenue generating service in the United States.
(c) Locomotives included in a certified engine family. Except as
specified in paragraph (d) of this section, locomotives included in a
certified engine family may be exported without restriction. Note that
Sec. 1033.705 requires that exported locomotives be excluded from
emission credit calculations in certain circumstances.

[[Page 70]]

(d) Locomotives certified to FELs above the standards. The
provisions of this paragraph (d) apply for locomotive configurations
included in engine families certified to one or more FELs above any
otherwise applicable standard. Individual locomotives that will be
exported may be excluded from an engine family if they are unlabeled.
For locomotives that were labeled during production, you may remove the
emission control information labels prior to export. All unlabeled
locomotives that will be exported are subject to the provisions of
paragraph (a) of this section. Locomotives that are of a configuration
included in an engine family certified to one of more FELs above any
otherwise applicable standard that include an EPA emission control
information label when exported are considered to be part of the engine
family and must be included in credit calculations under Sec. 1033.705.
Note that this requirement does not apply for locomotives that do not
have an EPA emission control information label, even if they have other
labels (such as an export-only label).

[75 FR 22986, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.655 Special provisions for certain Tier 0/Tier 1 locomotives.

(a) The provisions of this section apply only for the following
locomotives (and locomotives in the same engine families as these
locomotives):
(1) Locomotives listed in Table 1 of this section originally
manufactured 1986-1994 by General Electric Company that have never been
equipped with separate loop aftercooling. The section also applies for
the equivalent passenger locomotives.

Table 1 to Sec. 1033.655
------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------
8-40C..................................... P32ACDM
8-40B..................................... P42DC
8-32B..................................... 8-40BPH
8-40CW.................................... P40DC
8-40BW.................................... 8-32BWH
8-40CM.................................... C39-8
8-41CW.................................... B39-8E
8-44CW ............................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) SD70MAC and SD70IAC locomotives originally manufactured 1996-
2000 by EMD.
(b) Any certifying remanufacturer may request relief for the
locomotives covered by this section.
(c) You may ask us to allow these locomotives to exceed otherwise
applicable line-haul cycle NOX standard for high ambient
temperatures and/or altitude because of limitations of the cooling
system. However, the NOX emissions may exceed the otherwise
applicable standard only to the extent necessary. Relief is limited to
the following conditions:
(1) For General Electric locomotives, you may ask for relief for
ambient temperatures above 23 [deg]C and/or barometric pressure below
97.5 kPa (28.8 in. Hg). NOX emissions may not exceed 9.5 g/
bhp-hr over the line-haul cycle for any temperatures up to 105 [deg]F
and any altitude up to 7000 feet above sea level.
(2) For EMD locomotives, you may ask for relief for ambient
temperatures above 30 [deg]C and/or barometric pressure below 97.5 kPa
(28.8 in. Hg). NOX emissions may not exceed 8.0 g/bhp-hr over
the line-haul cycle for any temperatures up to 105 [deg]F and any
altitude up to 7000 feet above sea level.
(d) All other standards and requirements in this part apply as
specified.
(e) To request this relief, submit to the Designated Compliance
Officer along with your application for certification an engineering
analysis showing how your emission controls operate for the following
conditions:
(1) Temperatures 23-40 [deg]C at any altitude up to 7000 feet above
sea level.
(2) Altitudes 1000-7000 feet above sea level for any temperature
from 15-40 [deg]C.

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

Sec. 1033.701 General provisions.

[[Page 71]]

(1) Actual emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have verified by reviewing your final report.
(2) Applicable emission standard means an emission standard that is
specified in subpart B of this part. Note that for other subparts,
``applicable emission standard'' is defined to also include FELs.
(3) Averaging set means a set of locomotives in which emission
credits may be exchanged only with other locomotives in the same
averaging set.
(4) Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission
credits between a buyer and seller.
(5) Buyer means the entity that receives emission credits as a
result of a trade.
(6) Reserved emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have not yet verified by reviewing your final report.
(7) Seller means the entity that provides emission credits during a
trade.
(8) Trade means to exchange emission credits, either as a buyer or
seller.
(9) Transfer means to convey control of credits generated for an
individual locomotive to the purchaser, owner, or operator of the
locomotive at the time of manufacture or remanufacture; or to convey
control of previously generated credits from the purchaser, owner, or
operator of an individual locomotive to the manufacturer/remanufacturer
at the time of manufacture/remanufacture.
(d) You may not use emission credits generated under this subpart to
offset any emissions that exceed an FEL or standard. This applies for
all testing, including certification testing, in-use testing, selective
enforcement audits, and other production-line testing. However, if
emissions from a locomotive exceed an FEL or standard (for example,
during a selective enforcement audit), you may use emission credits to
recertify the engine family with a higher FEL that applies only to
future production.
(e) Engine families that use emission credits for one or more
pollutants may not generate positive emission credits for another
pollutant.
(f) Emission credits may be used in the model year they are
generated or in future model years. Emission credits may not be used for
past model years.
(g) You may increase or decrease an FEL during the model year by
amending your application for certification under Sec. 1033.225. The
new FEL may apply only to locomotives you have not already introduced
into commerce. Each locomotive's emission control information label must
include the applicable FELs. You must conduct production line testing to
verify that the emission levels are achieved.
(h) Credits may be generated by any certifying manufacturer/
remanufacturer and may be held by any of the following entities:
(1) Locomotive or engine manufacturers.
(2) Locomotive or engine remanufacturers.
(3) Locomotive owners.
(4) Locomotive operators.
(5) Other entities after notification to EPA.
(i) All locomotives that are certified to an FEL that is different
from the emission standard that would otherwise apply to the locomotives
are required to comply with that FEL for the remainder of their service
lives, except as allowed by Sec. 1033.750.
(1) Manufacturers must notify the purchaser of any locomotive that
is certified to an FEL that is different from the emission standard that
would otherwise apply that the locomotive is required to comply with
that FEL for the remainder of its service life.
(2) Remanufacturers must notify the owner of any locomotive or
locomotive engine that is certified to an FEL that is different from the
emission standard that would otherwise apply that the locomotive (or the
locomotive in which the engine is used) is required to comply with that
FEL for the remainder of its service life.
(j) The FEL to which the locomotive is certified must be included on
the locomotive label required in Sec. 1033.135. This label must include
the notification specified in paragraph (i) of this section.

[[Page 72]]

Sec. 1033.705 Calculating emission credits.

The provisions of this section apply separately for calculating
emission credits for NOX or PM.
(a) Calculate positive emission credits for an engine family that
has an FEL below the otherwise applicable emission standard. Calculate
negative emission credits for an engine family that has an FEL above the
otherwise applicable emission standard. Do not round until the end of
year report.
(b) For each participating engine family, calculate positive or
negative emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission
standard. For the end of year report, round the sum of emission credits
to the nearest one hundredth of a megagram (0.01 Mg). Round your end of
year emission credit balance to the nearest megagram (Mg). Use
consistent units throughout the calculation. When useful life is
expressed in terms of megawatt-hrs, calculate credits for each engine
family from the following equation:

Emission credits = (Std-FEL) x (1.341) x (UL) x (Production) x
(Fp) x (10^-3 kW-Mg/MW-g).

Where:

Std = the applicable NOX or PM emission standard in g/bhp-hr
(except that Std = previous FEL in g/bhp-hr for locomotives that were
certified under this part to an FEL other than the standard during the
previous useful life).
FEL = the family emission limit for the engine family in g/bhp-hr.
UL = the sales-weighted average useful life in megawatt-hours (or the
subset of the engine family for which credits are being calculated), as
specified in the application for certification.
Production = the number of locomotives participating in the averaging,
banking, and trading program within the given engine family during the
calendar year (or the number of locomotives in the subset of the engine
family for which credits are being calculated). Quarterly production
projections are used for initial certification. Actual applicable
production/sales volumes are used for end-of-year compliance
determination.
Fp = the proration factor as determined in paragraph (d) of
this section.

(c) When useful life is expressed in terms of miles, calculate the
useful life in terms of megawatt-hours (UL) by dividing the useful life
in miles by 100,000, and multiplying by the sales-weighted average rated
power of the engine family. For example, if your useful life is 800,000
miles for a family with an average rated power of 3,500 hp, then your
equivalent MW-hr useful life would be 28,000 MW-hrs. Credits are
calculated using this UL value in the equations of paragraph (b) of this
section.
(d) The proration factor is an estimate of the fraction of a
locomotive's service life that remains as a function of age. The
proration factor is 1.00 for freshly manufactured locomotives.
(1) The locomotive's age is the length of time in years from the
date of original manufacture to the date at which the remanufacture (for
which credits are being calculated) is completed, rounded to the next
higher year.
(2) The proration factors for line-haul locomotives ages 1 through
20 are specified in Table 1 to this section. For line-haul locomotives
more than 20 years old, use the proration factor for 20 year old
locomotives. The proration factors for switch locomotives ages 1 through
40 are specified in Table 2 to this section. For switch locomotives more
than 40 years old, use the proration factor for 40 year old locomotives.
(3) For repower engines, the proration factor is based on the age of
the locomotive chassis, not the age of the engine, except for
remanufactured locomotives that qualify as refurbished. The minimum
proration factor for remanufactured locomotives that meet the definition
of refurbished but not freshly manufactured is 0.60. (Note: The
proration factor is 1.00 for all locomotives that meet the definition of
freshly manufactured.)

Table 1 to Sec. 1033.705--Proration Factors for Line-Haul Locomotives
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proration
Locomotive age (years) factor (Fp)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....................................................... 0.96
2....................................................... 0.92
3....................................................... 0.88
4....................................................... 0.84
5....................................................... 0.81
6....................................................... 0.77
7....................................................... 0.73
8....................................................... 0.69
9....................................................... 0.65
10...................................................... 0.61
11...................................................... 0.57
12...................................................... 0.54

[[Page 73]]

13...................................................... 0.50
14...................................................... 0.47
15...................................................... 0.43
16...................................................... 0.40
17...................................................... 0.36
18...................................................... 0.33
19...................................................... 0.30
20...................................................... 0.27
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 2 to Sec. 1033.705--Proration Factors for Switch Locomotives
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proration
Locomotive age (years) factor (Fp)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....................................................... 0.98
2....................................................... 0.96
3....................................................... 0.94
4....................................................... 0.92
5....................................................... 0.90
6....................................................... 0.88
7....................................................... 0.86
8....................................................... 0.84
9....................................................... 0.82
10...................................................... 0.80
11...................................................... 0.78
12...................................................... 0.76
13...................................................... 0.74
14...................................................... 0.72
15...................................................... 0.70
16...................................................... 0.68
17...................................................... 0.66
18...................................................... 0.64
19...................................................... 0.62
20...................................................... 0.60
21...................................................... 0.58
22...................................................... 0.56
23...................................................... 0.54
24...................................................... 0.52
25...................................................... 0.50
26...................................................... 0.48
27...................................................... 0.46
28...................................................... 0.44
29...................................................... 0.42
30...................................................... 0.40
31...................................................... 0.38
32...................................................... 0.36
33...................................................... 0.34
34...................................................... 0.32
35...................................................... 0.30
36...................................................... 0.28
37...................................................... 0.26
38...................................................... 0.24
39...................................................... 0.22
40...................................................... 0.20
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) In your application for certification, base your showing of
compliance on projected production volumes for locomotives that will be
placed into service in the United States. As described in Sec.
1033.730, compliance with the requirements of this subpart is determined
at the end of the model year based on actual production volumes for
locomotives that will be placed into service in the United States. Do
not include any of the following locomotives to calculate emission
credits:
(1) Locomotives permanently exempted under subpart G of this part or
under 40 CFR part 1068.
(2) Exported locomotives. You may ask to include locomotives sold to
Mexican or Canadian railroads if they will likely operate within the
United States and you include all such locomotives (both credit using
and credit generating locomotives).
(3) Locomotives not subject to the requirements of this part, such
as those excluded under Sec. 1033.5.
(4) Any other locomotives, where we indicate elsewhere in this part
1033 that they are not to be included in the calculations of this
subpart.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22987, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.710 Averaging emission credits.

(a) Averaging is the exchange of emission credits among your engine
families. You may average emission credits only as allowed by Sec.
1033.740.
(b) You may certify one or more engine families to an FEL above the
applicable emission standard, subject to the FEL caps and other
provisions in subpart B of this part, if you show in your application
for certification that your projected balance of all emission-credit
transactions in that model year is greater than or equal to zero.
(c) If you certify an engine family to an FEL that exceeds the
otherwise applicable emission standard, you must obtain enough emission
credits to offset the engine family's deficit by the due date for the
final report required in Sec. 1033.730. The emission credits used to
address the deficit may come from your other engine families that
generate emission credits in the same model year, from emission credits
you have banked, or from emission credits you obtain through trading or
by transfer.

Sec. 1033.715 Banking emission credits.

(a) Banking is the retention of emission credits by the
manufacturer/remanufacturer generating the emission credits (or owner/
operator, in the case of transferred credits) for use in future model
years for averaging, trading, or

[[Page 74]]

transferring. You may use banked emission credits only as allowed by
Sec. 1033.740.
(b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the
reports you submit under Sec. 1033.730 as reserved credits. During the
model year and before the due date for the final report, you may
designate your reserved emission credits for averaging, trading, or
transferring.
(c) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit
your final report. However, we may revoke these emission credits if we
are unable to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your
records.

[75 FR 22987, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.720 Trading emission credits.

(a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between certificate
holders. You may use traded emission credits for averaging, banking, or
further trading transactions. Traded emission credits may be used only
as allowed by Sec. 1033.740.
(b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this
subpart. You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may revoke
these emission credits based on our review of your records or reports or
those of the company with which you traded emission credits.
(c) If a negative emission credit balance results from a
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we
deem to involve fraud. See Sec. 1033.255(e) for cases involving fraud.
We may void the certificates of all engine families participating in a
trade that results in a manufacturer/remanufacturer having a negative
balance of emission credits. See Sec. 1033.745.

Sec. 1033.722 Transferring emission credits.

(a) Credit transfer is the conveying of control over credits,
either:
(1) From a certifying manufacturer/remanufacturer to an owner/
operator.
(2) From an owner/operator to a certifying manufacturer/
remanufacturer.
(b) Transferred credits can be:
(1) Used by a certifying manufacturer/remanufacturer in averaging.
(2) Transferred again within the model year.
(3) Reserved for later banking. Transferred credits may not be
traded unless they have been previously banked.
(c) Owners/operators participating in credit transfers must submit
the reports specified in Sec. 1033.730.

Sec. 1033.725 Requirements for your application for certification.

(a) You must declare in your application for certification your
intent to use the provisions of this subpart for each engine family that
will be certified using the ABT program. You must also declare the FELs
you select for the engine family for each pollutant for which you are
using the ABT program. Your FELs must comply with the specifications of
subpart B of this part, including the FEL caps. FELs must be expressed
to the same number of decimal places as the applicable emission
standards.
(b) Include the following in your application for certification:
(1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have
a negative balance of emission credits for any averaging set when all
emission credits are calculated at the end of the year.
(2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (positive or
negative) based on projected production volumes. We may require you to
include similar calculations from your other engine families to
demonstrate that you will be able to avoid a negative credit balance for
the model year. If you project negative emission credits for a family,
state the source of positive emission credits you expect to use to
offset the negative emission credits.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22987, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.730 ABT reports.

(a) If any of your engine families are certified using the ABT
provisions of this subpart, you must send an end-of-year report within
90 days after the end of the model year and a final report within 270
days after the end of the model year. We may waive the requirement to
send the end-of year report, as long as you send the final report on
time.
(b) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
information

[[Page 75]]

for each engine family participating in the ABT program:
(1) Engine family designation.
(2) The emission standards that would otherwise apply to the engine
family.
(3) The FEL for each pollutant. If you change the FEL after the
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new
FEL and/or give the engine identification number for the first engine
covered by the new FEL. In this case, identify each applicable FEL and
calculate the positive or negative emission credits as specified in
Sec. 1033.225.
(4) The projected and actual production volumes for the model year
that will be placed into service in the United States as described in
Sec. 1033.705. If you changed an FEL during the model year, identify
the actual production volume associated with each FEL.
(5) Rated power for each locomotive configuration, and the average
locomotive power weighted by U.S.-directed production volumes for the
engine family.
(6) Useful life.
(7) Calculated positive or negative emission credits for the whole
engine family. Identify any emission credits that you traded or
transferred, as described in paragraph (d)(1) or (e) of this section.
(c) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
additional information:
(1) Show that your net balance of emission credits from all your
engine families in each averaging set in the applicable model year is
not negative.
(2) State whether you will retain any emission credits for banking.
(3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
(d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within
90 days after the transaction, as follows:
(1) As the seller, you must include the following information in
your report:
(i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) The engine families that generated emission credits for the
trade, including the number of emission credits from each family.
(2) As the buyer, you must include the following information in your
report:
(i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the
number of emission credits you intend to apply to each engine family (if
known).
(e) If you transfer emission credits, you must send us a report
within 90 days after the first transfer to an owner/operator, as
follows:
(1) Include the following information:
(i) The corporate names of the owner/operator receiving the credits.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) The serial numbers and engine families for the locomotive that
generated the transferred emission credits and the number of emission
credits from each family.
(2) The requirements of this paragraph (e) apply separately for each
owner/operator.
(3) We may require you to submit additional 90-day reports under
this paragraph (e).
(f) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(g) Correct errors in your end-of-year report or final report as
follows:
(1) You may correct any errors in your end-of-year report when you
prepare the final report, as long as you send us the final report by the
time it is due.
(2) If you or we determine within 270 days after the end of the
model year that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission
credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of
emission credits. You may not make these corrections for errors that are
determined more than 270 days after the end of the model year. If you
report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow
corrections under this paragraph (g)(2).

[[Page 76]]

(3) If you or we determine anytime that errors mistakenly increased
your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors and
recalculate the balance of emission credits.
(h) We may modify these requirements for owners/operators required
to submit reports because of their involvement in credit transferring.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22987, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.735 Required records.

(a) You must organize and maintain your records as described in this
section. We may review your records at any time.
(b) Keep the records required by this section for at least eight
years after the due date for the end-of-year report. You may not use
emission credits for any engines if you do not keep all the records
required under this section. You must therefore keep these records to
continue to bank valid credits. Store these records in any format and on
any media, as long as you can promptly send us organized, written
records in English if we ask for them. You must keep these records
readily available. We may review them at any time.
(c) Keep a copy of the reports we require in Sec. 1033.730.
(d) Keep records of the engine identification number for each
locomotive you produce that generates or uses emission credits under the
ABT program. If you change the FEL after the start of production,
identify the date you started using each FEL and the range of engine
identification numbers associated with each FEL. You must also be able
to identify the purchaser and destination for each engine you produce.
(e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us
relevant information not required by this section in accordance with the
Clean Air Act.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22987, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.740 Credit restrictions.

Use of emission credits generated under this part 1033 or 40 CFR
part 92 is restricted depending on the standards against which they were
generated.
(a) Credits from 40 CFR part 92. NOX and PM credits
generated under 40 CFR part 92 may be used under this part in the same
manner as NOX and PM credits generated under this part.
(b) General cycle restriction. Locomotives subject to both switch
cycle standards and line-haul cycle standards (such as Tier 2
locomotives) may generate both switch and line-haul credits. Except as
specified in paragraph (c) of this section, such credits may only be
used to show compliance with standards for the same cycle for which they
were generated. For example, a Tier 2 locomotive that is certified to a
switch cycle NOX FEL below the applicable switch cycle
standard and a line-haul cycle NOX FEL below the applicable
line-haul cycle standard may generate switch cycle NOX
credits for use in complying with switch cycle NOX standards
and a line-haul cycle NOX credits for use in complying with
line-haul cycle NOX standards.
(c) Single cycle locomotives. As specified in Sec. 1033.101, Tier 0
switch locomotives, Tier 3 and later switch locomotives, and Tier 4 and
later line-haul locomotives are not subject to both switch cycle and
line-haul cycle standards.
(1) When using credits generated by locomotives covered by paragraph
(b) of this section for single cycle locomotives covered by this
paragraph (c), you must use both switch and line-haul credits as
described in this paragraph (c)(1).
(i) For locomotives subject only to switch cycle standards,
calculate the negative switch credits for the credit using locomotive as
specified in Sec. 1033.705. Such locomotives also generate an equal
number of negative line-haul cycle credits (in Mg).
(ii) For locomotives subject only to line-haul cycle standards,
calculate the negative line-haul credits for the credit using locomotive
as specified in Sec. 1033.705. Such locomotives also generate an equal
number of negative switch cycle credits (in Mg).
(2) Credits generated by Tier 0, Tier 3, or Tier 4 switch
locomotives may be used to show compliance with any switch cycle or
line-haul cycle standards.

[[Page 77]]

(3) Credits generated by any line-haul locomotives may not be used
by Tier 3 or later switch locomotives.
(d) Tier 4 credit use. The number of Tier 4 locomotives that can be
certified using credits in any year may not exceed 50 percent of the
total number of Tier 4 locomotives you produce in that year for U.S.
sales.
(e) Other restrictions. Other sections of this part may specify
additional restrictions for using emission credits under certain special
provisions.

Sec. 1033.745 Compliance with the provisions of this subpart.

The provisions of this section apply to certificate holders.
(a) For each engine family participating in the ABT program, the
certificate of conformity is conditional upon full compliance with the
provisions of this subpart during and after the model year. You are
responsible to establish to our satisfaction that you fully comply with
applicable requirements. We may void the certificate of conformity for
an engine family if you fail to comply with any provisions of this
subpart.
(b) You may certify your engine family to an FEL above an applicable
emission standard based on a projection that you will have enough
emission credits to offset the deficit for the engine family. However,
we may void the certificate of conformity if you cannot show in your
final report that you have enough actual emission credits to offset a
deficit for any pollutant in an engine family.
(c) We may void the certificate of conformity for an engine family
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information we
request.
(d) You may ask for a hearing if we void your certificate under this
section (see Sec. 1033.920).

Sec. 1033.750 Changing a locomotive's FEL at remanufacture.

Locomotives are generally required to be certified to the previously
applicable emission standard or FEL when remanufactured. This section
describes provisions that allow a remanufactured locomotive to be
certified to a different FEL (higher or lower).
(a) A remanufacturer may choose to certify a remanufacturing system
to change the FEL of a locomotive from a previously applicable FEL or
standard. Any locomotives remanufactured using that system are required
to comply with the revised FEL for the remainder of their service lives,
unless it is changed again under this section during a later
remanufacture. Remanufacturers changing an FEL must notify the owner of
the locomotive that it is required to comply with that FEL for the
remainder of its service life.
(b) Calculate the credits needed or generated as specified in Sec.
1033.705, except as specified in this paragraph. If the locomotive was
previously certified to an FEL for the pollutant, use the previously
applicable FEL as the standard.

Subpart I_Requirements for Owners and Operators

Sec. 1033.801 Applicability.

The requirements of this subpart are applicable to railroads and all
other owners and operators of locomotives subject to the provisions of
this part, except as otherwise specified. The prohibitions related to
maintenance in Sec. 1033.815 also applies to anyone performing
maintenance on a locomotive subject to the provisions of this part.

Sec. 1033.805 Remanufacturing requirements.

(a) See the definition of ``remanufacture'' in Sec. 1033.901 to
determine if you are remanufacturing your locomotive or engine. (Note:
Replacing power assemblies one at a time may qualify as remanufacturing,
depending on the interval between replacement.)
(b) See the definition of ``new'' in Sec. 1033.901 to determine if
remanufacturing your locomotive makes it subject to the requirements of
this part. If the locomotive is considered to be new, it is subject to
the certification requirements of this part, unless it is exempt under
subpart G of this part. The standards to which your locomotive is
subject will depend on factors such as the following:
(1) Its date of original manufacture.
(2) The FEL to which it was previously certified, which is listed on
the ``Locomotive Emission Control Information'' label.

[[Page 78]]

(3) Its power rating (whether it is above or below 2300 hp).
(4) The calendar year in which it is being remanufactured.
(c) You may comply with the certification requirements of this part
for your remanufactured locomotive by either obtaining your own
certificate of conformity as specified in subpart C of this part or by
having a certifying remanufacturer include your locomotive under its
certificate of conformity. In either case, your remanufactured
locomotive must be covered by a certificate before it is reintroduced
into service.
(d) If you do not obtain your own certificate of conformity from
EPA, contact a certifying remanufacturer to have your locomotive
included under its certificate of conformity. Confirm with the
certificate holder that your locomotive's model, date of original
manufacture, previous FEL, and power rating allow it to be covered by
the certificate. You must do all of the following:
(1) Comply with the certificate holder's emission-related
installation instructions, which should include the following:
(i) A description of how to assemble and adjust the locomotive so
that it will operate according to design specifications in the
certificate. See paragraph (e) of this section for requirements related
to the parts you must use.
(ii) Instructions to remove the Engine Emission Control Information
label and replace it with the certificate holder's new label. Note: In
most cases, you must not remove the Locomotive Emission Control
Information label.
(2) Provide to the certificate holder the information it identifies
as necessary to comply with the requirements of this part. For example,
the certificate holder may require you to provide the information
specified by Sec. 1033.735.
(e) For parts unrelated to emissions and emission-related parts not
addressed by the certificate holder in the emission-related installation
instructions, you may use parts from any source. For emission-related
parts listed by the certificate holder in the emission-related
installation instructions, you must either use the specified parts or
parts certified under Sec. 1033.645 for remanufacturing. If you believe
that the certificate holder has included as emission-related parts,
parts that are actually unrelated to emissions, you may ask us to
exclude such parts from the emission-related installation instructions.
Note: This paragraph (e) does not apply with respect to parts for
maintenance other than remanufacturing; see Sec. 1033.815 for
provisions related to general maintenance.
(f) Failure to comply with this section is a violation of 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1).

Sec. 1033.810 In-use testing program.

(a) Applicability. This section applies to all Class I freight
railroads. It does not apply to other owner/operators.
(b) Testing requirements. Annually test a sample of locomotives in
your fleet. For purposes of this section, your fleet includes both the
locomotives that you own and the locomotives that you are leasing. Use
the test procedures in subpart F of this part, unless we approve
different procedures.
(1) Except for the cases described in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section, test at least 0.075 percent of the average number of
locomotives in your fleet during the previous calendar year (i.e.,
determine the number to be tested by multiplying the number of
locomotives in the fleet by 0.00075 and rounding up to the next whole
number).
(2) We may allow you to test a smaller number of locomotives if we
determine that the number of tests otherwise required by this section is
not necessary.
(c) Test locomotive selection. Unless we specify a different option,
select test locomotives as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section
(Option 1). In no case may you exclude locomotives because of visible
smoke, a history of durability problems, or other evidence of
malmaintenance. You may test more locomotives than this section
requires.
(1) Option 1. To the extent possible, select locomotives from each
manufacturer and remanufacturer, and from each tier level (e.g., Tier 0,
Tier 1 and Tier 2) in proportion to their numbers in the your fleet.
Exclude locomotives

[[Page 79]]

tested during the previous year. If possible, select locomotives that
have been operated for at least 100 percent of their useful lives. Where
there are multiple locomotives meeting the requirements of this
paragraph (c)(1), randomly select the locomotives to be tested from
among those locomotives. If the number of certified locomotives that
have been operated for at least 100 percent of their useful lives is not
large enough to fulfill the testing requirement, test locomotives still
within their useful lives as follows:
(i) Test locomotives in your fleet that are nearest to the end of
their useful lives. You may identify such locomotives as a range of
values representing the fraction of the useful life already used up for
the locomotives.
(ii) For example, you may determine that 20 percent of your fleet
has been operated for at least 75 percent of their useful lives. In such
a case, select locomotives for testing that have been operated for at
least 75 percent of their useful lives.
(2) Option 2. If you hold a certificate for some of your
locomotives, you may ask us to allow you to select up to two locomotives
as specified in subpart E of this part, and count those locomotives
toward both your testing obligations of that subpart and this section.
(3) Option 3. You may ask us to allow you to test locomotives that
use parts covered under Sec. 1033.645. If we do, it does not change the
number of locomotives that you must test.
(4) Option 4. We may require that you test specific locomotives,
including locomotives that do not meet the criteria specified in any of
the options in this section. If we do, we will specify which locomotives
to test by January 1 of the calendar year for which testing is required.
(d) Reporting requirements. Report all testing done in compliance
with the provisions of this section to us within 45 calendar days after
the end of each calendar year. At a minimum, include the following:
(1) Your full corporate name and address.
(2) For each locomotive tested, all the following:
(i) Corporate name of the manufacturer and last remanufacturer(s) of
the locomotive (including both certificate holder and installer, where
different), and the corporate name of the manufacturer or last
remanufacturer(s) of the engine if different than that of the
manufacturer/remanufacturer(s) of the locomotive.
(ii) Year (and month if known) of original manufacture of the
locomotive and the engine, and the manufacturer's model designation of
the locomotive and manufacturer's model designation of the engine, and
the locomotive identification number.
(iii) Year (and month if known) that the engine last underwent
remanufacture, the engine remanufacturer's designation that reflects (or
most closely reflects) the engine after the last remanufacture, and the
engine family identification.
(iv) The number of MW-hrs and miles (where available) the locomotive
has been operated since its last remanufacture.
(v) The emission test results for all measured pollutants.
(e) You do not have to submit a report for any year in which you
performed no emission testing under this section.
(f) You may ask us to allow you to submit equivalent emission data
collected for other purposes instead of some or all of the test data
required by this section. If we allow it in advance, you may report
emission data collected using other testing or sampling procedures
instead of some or all of the data specified by this section.
(g) Submit all reports to the Designated Compliance Officer.
(h) Failure to comply fully with this section is a violation of 40
CFR 1068.101(a)(2).

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59191, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1033.815 Maintenance, operation, and repair.

All persons who own, operate, or maintain locomotives are subject to
this section, except where we specify that a requirement applies to the
owner.
(a) Unless we allow otherwise, all owners of locomotives subject to
the provisions of this part must ensure that all emission-related
maintenance

[[Page 80]]

is performed on the locomotives, as specified in the maintenance
instructions provided by the certifying manufacturer/remanufacturer in
compliance with Sec. 1033.125 (or maintenance that is equivalent to the
maintenance specified by the certifying manufacturer/remanufacturer in
terms of maintaining emissions performance).
(b) Perform unscheduled maintenance in a timely manner. This
includes malfunctions identified through the locomotive's emission
control diagnostics system and malfunctions discovered in components of
the diagnostics system itself. For most repairs, this paragraph (b)
requires that the maintenance be performed no later than the
locomotive's next periodic (92-day) inspection. See paragraph (e) of
this section, for reductant replenishment requirements in a locomotive
equipped with an SCR system.
(c) Use good engineering judgment when performing maintenance of
locomotives subject to the provisions of this part. You must perform all
maintenance and repair such that you have a reasonable technical basis
for believing the locomotive will continue (after the maintenance or
repair) to meet the applicable emission standards and FELs to which it
was certified.
(d) The owner of the locomotive must keep records of all maintenance
and repairs that could reasonably affect the emission performance of any
locomotive subject to the provisions of this part. Keep these records
for eight years.
(e) For locomotives equipped with emission controls requiring the
use of specific fuels, lubricants, or other fluids, proper maintenance
includes complying with the manufacturer/remanufacturer's specifications
for such fluids when operating the locomotives. This requirement applies
without regard to whether misfueling permanently disables the emission
controls. The following additional provisions apply for locomotives
equipped with SCR systems requiring the use of urea or other reductants:
(1) You must plan appropriately to ensure that reductant will be
available to the locomotive during operation.
(2) If the SCR diagnostic indicates (or you otherwise determine)
that either reductant supply or reductant quality in the locomotive is
inadequate, you must replace the reductant as soon as practical.
(3) If you operate a locomotive without the appropriate urea or
other reductant, you must report such operation to us within 30 days.
Note that such operation violates the requirement of this paragraph (e);
however, we may consider mitigating factors (such as how long the
locomotive was operated without the appropriate urea or other reductant)
in determining whether to assess penalties for such violations.
(f) Failure to fully comply with this section is a violation of 40
CFR 1068.101(b).

Sec. 1033.820 In-use locomotives.

(a) We may require you to supply in-use locomotives to us for
testing. We will specify a reasonable time and place at which you must
supply the locomotives and a reasonable period during which we will keep
them for testing. We will make reasonable allowances for you to schedule
the supply of locomotives to minimize disruption of your operations. The
number of locomotives that you must supply is limited as follows:
(1) We will not require a Class I railroad to supply more than five
locomotives per railroad per calendar year.
(2) We will not require a non-Class I railroad (or other entity
subject to the provisions of this subpart) to supply more than two
locomotives per railroad per calendar year. We will request locomotives
under this paragraph (a)(2) only for purposes that cannot be
accomplished using locomotives supplied under paragraph (a)(1) of this
section.
(b) You must make reasonable efforts to supply manufacturers/
remanufacturers with the test locomotives needed to fulfill the in-use
testing requirements in subpart E of this part.
(c) Failure to fully comply with this section is a violation of 40
CFR 1068.101(a)(2).

Sec. 1033.825 Refueling requirements.

(a) If your locomotive operates using a volatile fuel, your
refueling equipment must be designed and used to minimize the escape of
fuel vapors.

[[Page 81]]

This means you may not use refueling equipment in a way that renders any
refueling emission controls inoperative or reduces their effectiveness.
(b) If your locomotive operates using a gaseous fuel, the hoses used
to refuel it may not be designed to be bled or vented to the atmosphere
under normal operating conditions.
(c) Failing to fully comply with the requirements of this section is
a violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b).

Subpart J_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1033.901 Definitions.

The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply
to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the
meaning the Clean Air Act gives to them. The definitions follow:
Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design
that someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access)
and that, if adjusted, may affect emissions or locomotive performance
during emission testing or normal in-use operation. This includes, but
is not limited to, parameters related to injection timing and fueling
rate. You may ask us to exclude a parameter if you show us that it will
not be adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in-use operation.
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream
of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to
reduce emissions in the locomotive exhaust before it is exhausted to the
environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) is not aftertreatment.
Alcohol fuel means a fuel consisting primarily (more than 50 percent
by weight) of one or more alcohols: e.g., methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol.
Alcohol-fueled locomotive means a locomotive with an engine that is
designed to run using an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition,
alcohol fuels do not include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below
25 percent by volume.
Alternator/generator efficiency means the ratio of the electrical
power output from the alternator/generator to the mechanical power input
to the alternator/generator at the operating point. Note that the
alternator/generator efficiency may be different at different operating
points. For example, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers Standard 115 (``Test Procedures for Synchronous Machines'') is
an appropriate test procedure for determining alternator/generator
efficiency. Other methods may also be used consistent with good
engineering judgment.
Applicable emission standard or applicable standard means a standard
to which a locomotive is subject; or, where a locomotive has been or is
being certified to another standard or FEL, the FEL or other standard to
which the locomotive has been or is being certified is the applicable
standard. This definition does not apply to Subpart H of this part.
Auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, locomotive speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or
any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying,
or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission-control
system.
Auxiliary engine means a nonroad engine that provides hotel power or
power during idle, but does not provide power to propel the locomotive.
Averaging means the exchange of emission credits among engine
families within a given manufacturer's, or remanufacturer's product
line.
Banking means the retention of emission credits by a credit holder
for use in future calendar year averaging or trading as permitted by the
regulations in this part.
Brake power means the sum of the alternator/generator input power
and the mechanical accessory power, excluding any power required to
circulate engine coolant, circulate engine lubricant, supply fuel to the
engine, or operate aftertreatment devices.
Calibration means the set of specifications, including tolerances,
specific to a particular design, version, or application of a component,
or components, or

[[Page 82]]

assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year as described in Sec. 1033.235(d).
Certification means the process of obtaining a certificate of
conformity for an engine family that complies with the emission
standards and requirements in this part, or relating to that process.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in an engine family for a given pollutant from a given test cycle.
Class I freight railroad means a Class I railroad that primarily
transports freight rather than passengers.
Class I railroad means a railroad that has been classified as a
Class I railroad by the Surface Transportation Board.
Class II railroad means a railroad that has been classified as a
Class II railroad by the Surface Transportation Board.
Class III railroad means a railroad that has been classified as a
Class III railroad by the Surface Transportation Board.
Clean Air Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-
7671q.
Configuration means a unique combination of locomotive hardware and
calibration within an engine family. Locomotives within a single
configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability
(or factors unrelated to engine performance or emissions).
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the locomotive crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and
other related internal parts.
Days means calendar days, unless otherwise specified. For example,
where we specify working days, we mean calendar days excluding weekends
and U.S. national holidays.
Design certify or certify by design means to certify a locomotive
based on inherent design characteristics rather than your test data,
such as allowed under Sec. 1033.625. All other requirements of this
part apply for such locomotives.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6403-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data locomotive.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the
end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point, expressed
in one of the following ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions
at the end of useful life to emissions at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test
point.
Discrete-mode means relating to the discrete-mode type of steady-
state test described in Sec. 1033.515.
Emission control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the regulated emissions from a
locomotive.
Emission credits represent the amount of emission reduction or
exceedance, by a locomotive engine family, below or above the emission
standard, respectively. Emission reductions below the standard are
considered as ``positive credits,'' while emission exceedances above the
standard are considered as ``negative credits.'' In addition,
``projected credits'' refer to emission credits based on the projected
applicable production/sales volume of the engine family. ``Reserved
credits'' are emission credits generated within a calendar year waiting
to be reported to EPA at the end of the calendar year. ``Actual
credits'' refer to emission credits based on actual applicable
production/sales volume as contained in the end-of-year reports
submitted to EPA.
Emission-data locomotive means a locomotive or engine that is tested
for certification. This includes locomotives tested to establish
deterioration factors.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects

[[Page 83]]

emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission deterioration.
Engine family has the meaning given in Sec. 1033.230.
Engine used in a locomotive means an engine incorporated into a
locomotive or intended for incorporation into a locomotive (whether or
not it is used for propelling the locomotive).
Engineering analysis means a summary of scientific and/or
engineering principles and facts that support a conclusion made by a
manufacturer/remanufacturer, with respect to compliance with the
provisions of this part.
EPA Enforcement Officer means any officer or employee of the
Environmental Protection Agency so designated in writing by the
Administrator or his/her designee.
Exempted means relating to a locomotive that is not required to meet
otherwise applicable standards. Exempted locomotives must conform to
regulatory conditions specified for an exemption in this part 1033 or in
40 CFR part 1068. Exempted locomotives are deemed to be ``subject to''
the standards of this part, even though they are not required to comply
with the otherwise applicable requirements. Locomotives exempted with
respect to a certain tier of standards may be required to comply with an
earlier tier of standards as a condition of the exemption; for example,
locomotives exempted with respect to Tier 3 standards may be required to
comply with Tier 2 standards.
Excluded means relating to a locomotive that either has been
determined not to be a locomotive (as defined in this section) or
otherwise excluded under section Sec. 1033.5. Excluded locomotives are
not subject to the standards of this part.
Exhaust emissions means substances (i.e., gases and particles)
emitted to the atmosphere from any opening downstream from the exhaust
port or exhaust valve of a locomotive engine.
Exhaust-gas recirculation means a technology that reduces emissions
by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion
chamber(s) back into the locomotive to be mixed with incoming air before
or during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of
residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with
incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust-gas
recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Freshly manufactured locomotive means a new locomotive that contains
fewer than 25 percent previously used parts (weighted by the dollar
value of the parts) as described in Sec. 1033.640.
Freshly manufactured engine means a new engine that has not been
remanufactured. An engine becomes freshly manufactured when it is
originally manufactured.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer/remanufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable
emission standard under the ABT program in subpart H of this part. The
family emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal
places as the emission standard it replaces. The family emission limit
serves as the emission standard for the engine family with respect to
all required testing.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering,
and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s),
including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel
lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system
vents.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as diesel fuel or
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type,
such as high-sulfur or low-sulfur diesel fuel.
Gaseous fuel means a fuel which is a gas at standard temperature and
pressure. This includes both natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas.
Good engineering judgment means judgments made consistent with
generally accepted scientific and engineering principles and all
available relevant information. See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative
process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment.
Green Engine Factor means a factor that is applied to emission
measurements from a locomotive or locomotive engine that has had little
or no service accumulation. The Green Engine Factor adjusts emission
measurements to

[[Page 84]]

be equivalent to emission measurements from a locomotive or locomotive
engine that has had approximately 300 hours of use.
High-altitude means relating to an altitude greater than 4000 feet
(1220 meters) and less than 7000 feet (2135 meters), or equivalent
observed barometric test conditions (approximately 79 to 88 kPa).
High-sulfur diesel fuel means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, high-sulfur diesel fuel means a diesel fuel
with a maximum sulfur concentration greater than 500 parts per million.
(2) For testing, high-sulfur diesel fuel has the meaning given in 40
CFR part 1065.
Hotel power means the power provided by an engine on a locomotive to
operate equipment on passenger cars of a train; e.g., heating and air
conditioning, lights, etc.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group (THC, NMHC, or THCE) on
which the emission standards are based for each fuel type as described
in Sec. 1033.101.
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular locomotive from other similar locomotives.
Idle speed means the speed, expressed as the number of revolutions
of the crankshaft per unit of time (e.g., rpm), at which the engine is
set to operate when not under load for purposes of propelling the
locomotive. There are typically one or two idle speeds on a locomotive
as follows:
(1) Normal idle speed means the idle speed for the idle throttle-
notch position for locomotives that have one throttle-notch position, or
the highest idle speed for locomotives that have two idle throttle-notch
positions.
(2) Low idle speed means the lowest idle speed for locomotives that
have two idle throttle-notch positions.
Inspect and qualify means to determine that a previously used
component or system meets all applicable criteria listed for the
component or system in a certificate of conformity for remanufacturing
(such as to determine that the component or system is functionally
equivalent to one that has not been used previously).
Installer means an individual or entity that assembles
remanufactured locomotives or locomotive engines.
Line-haul locomotive means a locomotive that does not meet the
definition of switch locomotive. Note that this includes both freight
and passenger locomotives.
Liquefied petroleum gas means the commercial product marketed as
propane or liquefied petroleum gas.
Locomotive means a self-propelled piece of on-track equipment
designed for moving or propelling cars that are designed to carry
freight, passengers or other equipment, but which itself is not designed
or intended to carry freight, passengers (other than those operating the
locomotive) or other equipment. The following other equipment are not
locomotives (see 40 CFR parts 86, 89, and 1039 for this diesel-powered
equipment):
(1) Equipment designed for operation both on highways and rails is
not a locomotive.
(2) Specialized railroad equipment for maintenance, construction,
post-accident recovery of equipment, and repairs; and other similar
equipment, are not locomotives.
(3) Vehicles propelled by engines with total rated power of less
than 750 kW (1006 hp) are not locomotives, unless the owner (which may
be a manufacturer) chooses to have the equipment certified to meet the
requirements of this part (under Sec. 1033.615). Where equipment is
certified as a locomotive pursuant to this paragraph (3), it is subject
to the requirements of this part for the remainder of its service life.
For locomotives propelled by two or more engines, the total rated power
is the sum of the rated power of each engine.
Locomotive engine means an engine that propels a locomotive.
Low-hour means relating to a locomotive with stabilized emissions
and represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally
involve less than 300 hours of operation.
Low mileage locomotive means a locomotive during the interval
between the time that normal assembly operations and adjustments are
completed and the

[[Page 85]]

time that either 10,000 miles of locomotive operation or 300 additional
operating hours have been accumulated (including emission testing if
performed). Note that we may deem locomotives with additional operation
to be low mileage locomotives, consistent with good engineering
judgment.
Low-sulfur diesel fuel means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, low-sulfur diesel fuel means a diesel fuel
market as low-sulfur diesel fuel having a maximum sulfur concentration
of 500 parts per million.
(2) For testing, low-sulfur diesel fuel has the meaning given in 40
CFR part 1065.
Malfunction means a condition in which the operation of a component
in a locomotive or locomotive engine occurs in a manner other than that
specified by the certifying manufacturer/remanufacturer (e.g., as
specified in the application for certification); or the operation of the
locomotive or locomotive engine in that condition.
Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing,
constructing, and assembling a locomotive or locomotive engine.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Clean
Air Act with respect to freshly manufactured locomotives or engines. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures a locomotive or
engine for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new
locomotive or engine into commerce in the United States. This includes
importers who import locomotives or engines for resale.
Manufacturer/remanufacturer means the manufacturer of a freshly
manufactured locomotive or engine or the remanufacturer of a
remanufactured locomotive or engine, as applicable.
Model year means a calendar year in which a locomotive is
manufactured or remanufactured.
New, when relating to a locomotive or locomotive engine, has the
meaning given in paragraph (1) of this definition, except as specified
in paragraph (2) of this definition:
(1) A locomotive or engine is new if its equitable or legal title
has never been transferred to an ultimate purchaser. Where the equitable
or legal title to a locomotive or engine is not transferred prior to its
being placed into service, the locomotive or engine ceases to be new
when it is placed into service. A locomotive or engine also becomes new
if it is remanufactured or refurbished (as defined in this section). A
remanufactured locomotive or engine ceases to be new when placed back
into service. With respect to imported locomotives or locomotive
engines, the term ``new locomotive'' or ``new locomotive engine'' also
means a locomotive or locomotive engine that is not covered by a
certificate of conformity under this part or 40 CFR part 92 at the time
of importation, and that was manufactured or remanufactured after the
effective date of the emission standards in 40 CFR part 92 which would
have been applicable to such locomotive or engine had it been
manufactured or remanufactured for importation into the United States.
Note that replacing an engine in one locomotive with an unremanufactured
used engine from a different locomotive does not make a locomotive new.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this definition do not apply
for the following cases:
(i) Locomotives and engines that were originally manufactured before
January 1, 1973 are not considered to become new when remanufactured
unless they have been upgraded (as defined in this section). The
provisions of paragraph (1) of this definition apply for locomotives
that have been upgraded.
(ii) Locomotives that are owned and operated by a small railroad and
that have never been certified (i.e., manufactured or remanufactured
into a certified configuration) are not considered to become new when
remanufactured. The provisions of paragraph (1) of this definition apply
for locomotives that have previously been remanufactured into a
certified configuration.
(iii) Locomotives originally certified under Sec. 1033.150(e) do
not become new when remanufactured, except as specified in Sec.
1033.615.
(iv) Locomotives that operate only on non-standard gauge rails do
not become new when remanufactured if no certified remanufacturing
system is available for them.

[[Page 86]]

Nonconforming means relating to a locomotive that is not covered by
a certificate of conformity prior to importation or being offered for
importation (or for which such coverage has not been adequately
demonstrated to EPA); or a locomotive which was originally covered by a
certificate of conformity, but which is not in a certified
configuration, or otherwise does not comply with the conditions of that
certificate of conformity. (Note: Domestic locomotives and locomotive
engines not covered by a certificate of conformity prior to their
introduction into U.S. commerce are considered to be noncomplying
locomotives and locomotive engines.)
Non-locomotive-specific engine means an engine that is sold for and
used in non-locomotive applications much more than for locomotive
applications.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
This generally means the difference between the emitted mass of total
hydrocarbons and the emitted mass of methane.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines as defined in 40 CFR
1068.30.
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data locomotive on a given duty cycle before the application of
any deterioration factor, but after the application of regeneration
adjustment factors, Green Engine Factors, and/or humidity correction
factors.
Opacity means the fraction of a beam of light, expressed in percent,
which fails to penetrate a plume of smoke, as measured by the procedure
specified in Sec. 1033.525.
Original manufacture means the event of freshly manufacturing a
locomotive or locomotive engine. The date of original manufacture is the
date of final assembly, except as provided in Sec. 1033.640. Where a
locomotive is manufactured under Sec. 1033.620(b), the date of original
manufacture is the date on which the final assembly of locomotive was
originally scheduled.
Original remanufacture means the first remanufacturing of a
locomotive at which the locomotive is subject to the emission standards
of this part.
Owner/operator means the owner and/or operator of a locomotive.
Owners manual means a written or electronic collection of
instructions provided to ultimate purchasers to describe the basic
operation of the locomotive.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR part 1065.
Particulate trap means a filtering device that is designed to
physically trap all particulate matter above a certain size.
Passenger locomotive means a locomotive designed and constructed for
the primary purpose of propelling passenger trains, and providing power
to the passenger cars of the train for such functions as heating,
lighting and air conditioning.
Petroleum fuel means gasoline or diesel fuel or another liquid fuel
primarily derived from crude oil.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose after becoming new.
Power assembly means the components of an engine in which combustion
of fuel occurs, and consists of the cylinder, piston and piston rings,
valves and ports for admission of charge air and discharge of exhaust
gases, fuel injection components and controls, cylinder head and
associated components.
Primary fuel means the type of fuel (e.g., diesel fuel) that is
consumed in the greatest quantity (mass basis) when the locomotive is
operated in use.
Produce means to manufacture or remanufacture. Where a certificate
holder does not actually assemble the locomotives or locomotive engines
that it manufactures or remanufactures, produce means to allow other
entities to assemble locomotives under the certificate holder's
certificate.
Railroad means a commercial entity that operates locomotives to
transport passengers or freight.
Ramped-modal means relating to the ramped-modal type of testing in
subpart F of this part.
Rated power has the meaning given in Sec. 1033.140.
Refurbish has the meaning given in Sec. 1033.640.
Remanufacture means one of the following:
(1)(i) To replace, or inspect and qualify, each and every power
assembly of a locomotive or locomotive engine,

[[Page 87]]

whether during a single maintenance event or cumulatively within a five-
year period.
(ii) To upgrade a locomotive or locomotive engine.
(iii) To convert a locomotive or locomotive engine to enable it to
operate using a fuel other than it was originally manufactured to use.
(iv) To install a remanufactured engine or a freshly manufactured
engine into a previously used locomotive.
(v) To repair a locomotive engine that does not contain power
assemblies to a condition that is equivalent to or better than its
original condition with respect to reliability and fuel consumption.
(2) Remanufacture also means the act of remanufacturing.
Remanufacture system or remanufacturing system means all components
(or specifications for components) and instructions necessary to
remanufacture a locomotive or locomotive engine in accordance with
applicable requirements of this part or 40 CFR part 92.
Remanufactured locomotive means either a locomotive powered by a
remanufactured locomotive engine, a repowered locomotive, or a
refurbished locomotive.
Remanufactured locomotive engine means a locomotive engine that has
been remanufactured.
Remanufacturer has the meaning given to ``manufacturer'' in section
216(1) of the Clean Air Act with respect to remanufactured locomotives.
(See Sec. Sec. 1033.1 and 1033.601 for applicability of this term.)
This term includes:
(1) Any person that is engaged in the manufacture or assembly of
remanufactured locomotives or locomotive engines, such as persons who:
(i) Design or produce the emission-related parts used in
remanufacturing.
(ii) Install parts in an existing locomotive or locomotive engine to
remanufacture it.
(iii) Own or operate the locomotive or locomotive engine and provide
specifications as to how an engine is to be remanufactured (i.e.,
specifying who will perform the work, when the work is to be performed,
what parts are to be used, or how to calibrate the adjustable parameters
of the engine).
(2) Any person who imports remanufactured locomotives or
remanufactured locomotive engines.
Repower means replacement of the engine in a previously used
locomotive with a freshly manufactured locomotive engine. See Sec.
1033.640.
Repowered locomotive means a locomotive that has been repowered with
a freshly manufactured engine.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this
means to terminate the certificate or an exemption for an engine family.
Round means to round numbers as specified in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Service life means the total life of a locomotive. Service life
begins when the locomotive is originally manufactured and continues
until the locomotive is permanently removed from service.
Small manufacturer/remanufacturer means a manufacturer/
remanufacturer with 1,000 or fewer employees. For purposes of this part,
the number of employees includes all employees of the manufacturer/
remanufacturer's parent company, if applicable.
Small railroad means a railroad meeting the criterion of paragraph
(1) of this definition, but not either of the criteria of paragraphs (2)
and (3) of this definition.
(1) To be considered a small railroad, a railroad must qualify as a
small business under the Small Business Administration's regulations in
13 CFR part 121.
(2) Class I and Class II railroads (and their subsidiaries) are not
small railroads.
(3) Intercity passenger and commuter railroads are excluded from
this definition of small railroad. Note that this paragraph (3) does not
exclude tourist railroads.
Specified adjustable range means the range of allowable settings for
an adjustable component specified by a certificate of conformity.
Specified by a certificate of conformity or specified in a
certificate of conformity means stated or otherwise specified in a
certificate of conformity or an approved application for certification.
Sulfur-sensitive technology means an emission-control technology
that would experience a significant drop in

[[Page 88]]

emission control performance or emission-system durability when a
locomotive is operated on low-sulfur fuel with a sulfur concentration of
300 to 500 ppm as compared to when it is operated on ultra low-sulfur
fuel (i.e., fuel with a sulfur concentration less than 15 ppm). Exhaust-
gas recirculation is not a sulfur-sensitive technology.
Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this
means to temporarily discontinue the certificate or an exemption for an
engine family.
Switch locomotive means a locomotive that is powered by an engine
with a maximum rated power (or a combination of engines having a total
rated power) of 2300 hp or less. Include auxiliary engines in your
calculation of total power if the engines are permanently installed on
the locomotive and can be operated while the main propulsion engine is
operating. Do not count the power of auxiliary engines that operate only
to reduce idling time of the propulsion engine.
Test locomotive means a locomotive or engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of locomotives or engines selected
from the population of an engine family for emission testing. This may
include testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use
testing.
Tier 0 or Tier 0+ means relating to the Tier 0 emission standards,
as shown in Sec. 1033.101.
Tier 1 or Tier 1+ means relating to the Tier 1 emission standards,
as shown in Sec. 1033.101.
Tier 2 or Tier 2+ means relating to the Tier 2 emission standards,
as shown in Sec. 1033.101.
Tier 3 means relating to the Tier 3 emission standards, as shown in
Sec. 1033.101.
Tier 4 means relating to the Tier 4 emission standards, as shown in
Sec. 1033.101.
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the
specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as a
hydrocarbon with an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR
1065.1001. This generally means the sum of the carbon mass contributions
of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic
compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample,
expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled locomotives. The
atomic hydrogen-to-carbon mass ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is
1.85:1.
Ultimate purchaser means the first person who in good faith
purchases a new locomotive for purposes other than resale.
Ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel means a diesel
fuel marketed as ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel having a maximum sulfur
concentration of 15 parts per million.
(2) For testing, ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel has the meaning given
in 40 CFR part 1065.
Upcoming model year means for an engine family the model year after
the one currently in production.
Upgrade means one of the following types of remanufacturing.
(1) Repowering a locomotive that was originally manufactured prior
to January 1, 1973.
(2) Refurbishing a locomotive that was originally manufactured prior
to January 1, 1973 in a manner that is not freshly manufacturing.
(3) Modifying a locomotive that was originally manufactured prior to
January 1, 1973 (or a locomotive that was originally manufactured on or
after January 1, 1973, and that is not subject to the emission standards
of this part), such that it is intended to comply with the Tier 0
standards. See Sec. 1033.615.
Useful life means the period during which the locomotive engine is
designed to properly function in terms of reliability and fuel
consumption, without being remanufactured, specified as work output or
miles. It is the period during which a locomotive is required to comply
with all applicable emission standards. See Sec. 1033.101(g).
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this means
to invalidate a certificate or an exemption both retroactively and
prospectively.

[[Page 89]]

Volatile fuel means a volatile liquid fuel or any fuel that is a gas
at atmospheric pressure. Gasoline, natural gas, and LPG are volatile
fuels.
Volatile liquid fuel means any liquid fuel other than diesel or
biodiesel that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor
Pressure higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59191, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 22987, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.905 Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

ABT averaging, banking, and trading.
AECD auxiliary emission control device.
AESS automatic engine stop/start
AF adjustment factor (see Sec. 1033.530).
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4 methane.
CO carbon monoxide.
CO2 carbon dioxide.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
FEL Family Emission Limit.
g/bhp-hr grams per brake horsepower-hour.
HC hydrocarbon.
hp horsepower.
LPG liquefied petroleum gas.
LSD low sulfur diesel.
MW megawatt.
N2O nitrous oxide.
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons.
NOX oxides of nitrogen.
PM particulate matter.
rpm revolutions per minute.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
SCR selective catalytic reduction.
SEA Selective Enforcement Audit.
THC total hydrocarbon.
THCE total hydrocarbon equivalent.
UL useful life.
ULSD ultra low sulfur diesel.
U.S. United States.
U.S.C. United States Code.

[73 FR 37197, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56508, Oct. 30, 2008;
75 FR 22987, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1033.915 Confidential information.

(a) Clearly show what you consider confidential by marking,
circling, bracketing, stamping, or some other method.
(b) We will store your confidential information as described in 40
CFR part 2. Also, we will disclose it only as specified in 40 CFR part
2. This applies both to any information you send us and to any
information we collect from inspections, audits, or other site visits.
(c) If you send us a second copy without the confidential
information, we will assume it contains nothing confidential whenever we
need to release information from it.
(d) If you send us information without claiming it is confidential,
we may make it available to the public without further notice to you, as
described in 40 CFR 2.204.

Sec. 1033.920 How to request a hearing.

(a) You may request a hearing under certain circumstances, as
described elsewhere in this part. To do this, you must file a written
request, including a description of your objection and any supporting
data, within 30 days after we make a decision.
(b) For a hearing you request under the provisions of this part, we
will approve your request if we find that your request raises a
substantial factual issue.
(c) If we agree to hold a hearing, we will use the procedures
specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G.

Sec. 1033.925 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping
specified in the applicable regulations. Failing to properly report
information and keep the records we specify violates 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(2), which may involve civil or criminal penalties. The
following items illustrate the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we
require for engines regulated under this part:
(a) We specify the following requirements related to engine
certification in this part 1033:
(1) In Sec. 1033.150 we state the requirements for interim
provisions.
(2) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of
information required to certify engines.

[[Page 90]]

(3) In Sec. 1033.325 we specify certain records related to
production-line testing.
(4) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various special compliance provisions.
(5) In Sec. Sec. 1033.725, 1033.730, and 1033.735 we specify
certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
(6) In subpart I of this part we specify certain records related to
meeting requirements for remanufactured engines.
(b) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1065:
(1) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting
information.
(2) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
(3) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing test
information.
(4) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify the specific information and data
items to record when measuring emissions.
(c) We specify the following requirements related to the general
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
(1) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
(2) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information.
(3) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require vessel manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
(5) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to
rebuilding engines.
(6) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.
(7) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing engines.
(8) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement
audit.
(9) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
(10) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming engines.

[75 FR 22987, Apr. 30, 2010]

PART 1036_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HEAVY-DUTY HIGHWAY

ENGINES--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec.
1036.1 Does this part apply for my engines?
1036.2 Who is responsible for compliance?
1036.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?
1036.10 How is this part organized?
1036.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?
1036.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1036.100 Overview of exhaust emission standards.
1036.108 Greenhouse gas emission standards.
1036.115 Other requirements.
1036.130 Installation instructions for vehicle manufacturers.
1036.135 Labeling.
1036.140 Primary intended service class.
1036.150 Interim provisions.

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

1036.205 What must I include in my application?
1036.210 Preliminary approval before certification.
1036.225 Amending my application for certification.
1036.230 Selecting engine families.
1036.235 Testing requirements for certification.
1036.241 Demonstrating compliance with greenhouse gas pollutant
standards.
1036.250 Reporting and recordkeeping for certification.
1036.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?

Subpart D [Reserved]

[[Page 91]]

Subpart E_In-use Testing

1036.401 In-use testing.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

1036.501 How do I run a valid emission test?
1036.525 Hybrid engines.
1036.530 Calculating greenhouse gas emission rates.

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

1036.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines?
1036.610 Innovative technology credits and adjustments for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
1036.615 Engines with Rankine cycle waste heat recovery and hybrid
powertrains.
1036.620 Alternate CO2 standards based on model year 2011
compression-ignition engines.
1036.625 In-use compliance with family emission limits (FELs).

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

1036.701 General provisions.
1036.705 Generating and calculating emission credits.
1036.710 Averaging.
1036.715 Banking.
1036.720 Trading.
1036.725 What must I include in my application for certification?
1036.730 ABT reports.
1036.735 Recordkeeping.
1036.740 Restrictions for using emission credits.
1036.745 End-of-year CO2 credit deficits.
1036.750 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this
subpart?
1036.755 Information provided to the Department of Transportation.

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1036.801 Definitions.
1036.805 Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.
1036.810 Incorporation by reference.
1036.815 Confidential information.
1036.820 Requesting a hearing.
1036.825 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 76 FR 57381, Sept. 15, 2011, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1036.1 Does this part apply for my engines?

(a) Except as specified in Sec. 1036.5, the provisions of this part
apply to all new 2014 model year and later heavy-duty engines. This
includes engines fueled by conventional and alternative fuels.
(b) This part does not apply with respect to exhaust emission
standards for HC, CO, NOX, or PM except that the provisions
of Sec. 1036.601 apply.

Sec. 1036.2 Who is responsible for compliance?

The regulations in this part 1036 contain provisions that affect
both engine manufacturers and others. However, the requirements of this
part are generally addressed to the engine manufacturer. The term
``you'' generally means the engine manufacturer, especially for issues
related to certification.

Sec. 1036.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?

(a) The provisions of this part do not apply to engines used in
medium-duty passenger vehicles that are subject to regulation under 40
CFR part 86, subpart S, except as specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart
S, and Sec. 1036.108(a)(4). For example, this exclusion applies for
engines used in vehicles certified to the standards of 40 CFR 1037.104.
(b) Engines installed in heavy-duty vehicles that do not provide
motive power are nonroad engines. The provisions of this part therefore
do not apply to these engines. See 40 CFR parts 1039, 1048, or 1054 for
other requirements that apply for these auxiliary engines. See 40 CFR
part 1037 for requirements that may apply for vehicles using these
engines, such as the evaporative emission requirements of 40 CFR
1037.103.
(c) The provisions of this part do not apply to aircraft or aircraft
engines. Standards apply separately to certain aircraft engines, as
described in 40 CFR part 87.
(d) The provisions of this part do not apply to engines that are not
internal combustion engines. For example, the

[[Page 92]]

provisions of this part do not apply to fuel cells.
(e) The provisions of this part do not apply to engines used in
heavy-duty vehicles that are subject to light-duty greenhouse gas
standards under 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, except as specified in 40 CFR
part 86, subpart S, and Sec. 1036.108(a)(4).

Sec. 1036.10 How is this part organized?

This part 1036 is divided into the following subparts:
(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of this part
1036 and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify engines under this part.
Note that Sec. 1036.150 describes certain interim requirements and
compliance provisions that apply only for a limited time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity.
(d) [Reserved]
(e) Subpart E of this part describes provisions for testing in-use
engines.
(f) Subpart F of this part describes how to test your engines
(including references to other parts of the Code of Federal
Regulations).
(g) Subpart G of this part describes requirements, prohibitions, and
other provisions that apply to engine manufacturers, vehicle
manufacturers, owners, operators, rebuilders, and all others.
(h) Subpart H of this part describes how you may generate and use
emission credits to certify your engines.
(i) Subpart I of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

Sec. 1036.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?

(a) Part 86 of this chapter describes additional requirements that
apply to engines that are subject to this part 1036. This part
extensively references portions of 40 CFR part 86. For example, the
regulations of part 86 specify emission standards and certification
procedures related to criteria pollutants.
(b) Part 1037 of this chapter describes requirements for controlling
evaporative emissions and greenhouse gas emissions from heavy-duty
vehicles, whether or not they use engines certified under this part. It
also includes standards and requirements that apply instead of the
standards and requirements of this part in some cases.
(c) Part 1065 of this chapter describes procedures and equipment
specifications for testing engines to measure exhaust emissions. Subpart
F of this part 1036 describes how to apply the provisions of part 1065
of this chapter to determine whether engines meet the exhaust emission
standards in this part.
(d) Certain provisions of part 1068 of this chapter apply as
specified in Sec. 1036.601 to everyone, including anyone who
manufactures, imports, installs, owns, operates, or rebuilds any of the
engines subject to this part 1036, or vehicles containing these engines.
Part 1068 of this chapter describes general provisions that apply
broadly, but do not necessarily apply for all engines or all persons.
The issues addressed by these provisions include these seven areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for engine manufacturers, vehicle
manufacturers, and others.
(2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.
(3) Exclusions and exemptions for certain engines.
(4) Importing engines.
(5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(6) Recall.
(7) Procedures for hearings.
(e) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

Sec. 1036.30 Submission of information.

Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1036.801). See Sec. 1036.825 for
additional reporting and recordkeeping provisions.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1036.100 Overview of exhaust emission standards.

Engines used in vehicles certified to the applicable chassis
standards for

[[Page 93]]

greenhouse gas pollutants described in 40 CFR 1037.104 are not subject
to the standards specified in this part. All other engines subject to
this part must meet the greenhouse gas standards in Sec. 1036.108 in
addition to the criteria pollutant standards of 40 CFR part 86.

Sec. 1036.108 Greenhouse gas emission standards.

This section contains standards and other regulations applicable to
the emission of the air pollutant defined as the aggregate group of six
greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane,
hydrofluorocarbons, perflurocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. This
section describes the applicable CO2, N2O, and
CH4 standards for engines. Except as specified in paragraph
(a)(4) of this section, these standards do not apply for engines used in
vehicles subject to (or voluntarily certified to) the CO2,
N2O, and CH4 standards for vehicles specified in
40 CFR 1037.104.
(a) Emission standards. Emission standards apply for engines
measured using the test procedures specified in subpart F of this part
as follows:
(1) CO2 emission standards apply as specified in this
paragraph (a)(1). The applicable test cycle for measuring CO2
emissions differs depending on the engine family's primary intended
service class and the extent to which the engines will be (or were
designed to be) used in tractors. For medium and heavy heavy-duty
engines certified as tractor engines, measure CO2 emissions
using the steady-state duty cycle specified in 40 CFR 86.1362 (referred
to as the SET cycle). This is intended for engines designed to be used
primarily in tractors and other line-haul applications. Note that the
use of some SET-certified tractor engines in vocational applications
does not affect your certification obligation under this paragraph
(a)(1); see other provisions of this part and 40 CFR part 1037 for
limits on using engines certified to only one cycle. For medium and
heavy heavy-duty engines certified as both tractor and vocational
engines, measure CO2 emissions using the steady-state duty
cycle and the transient duty cycle (sometimes referred to as the FTP
engine cycle), both of which are specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart N.
This is intended for engines that are designed for use in both tractor
and vocational applications. For all other engines (including all spark-
ignition engines), measure CO2 emissions using the transient
duty cycle specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart N.
(i) The CO2 standard for model year 2016 and later spark-
ignition engines is 627 g/hp-hr.
(ii) The following CO2 standards apply for compression-
ignition engines and all other engines (in g/hp-hr):

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Medium Medium
Light heavy- heavy-duty-- Heavy heavy- heavy-duty-- Heavy heavy-
Model years duty vocational duty-- tractor duty--
vocational tractor
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2014-2016...................................... 600 600 567 502 475
2017 and later................................. 576 576 555 487 460
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) The CH4 emission standard is 0.10 g/hp-hr when
measured over the transient duty cycle specified in 40 CFR part 86,
subpart N. This standard begins in model year 2014 for compression
ignition engines and in model year 2016 for spark-ignition engines. Note
that this standard applies for all fuel types just as the other
standards of this section do.
(3) The N2O emission standard for all model year 2014 and
later engines is 0.10 g/hp-hr when measured over the transient duty
cycle specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart N. This standard begins in
model year 2014 for compression ignition engines and in model year 2016
for spark-ignition engines.
(4) This paragraph (a)(4) describes alternate emission standards for
engines certified under 40 CFR 1037.150(m). The standards of paragraphs
(a)(1) through (3) of this section do not apply for these engines. The
standards in this paragraph (a)(4) apply for emissions measured with the
engine installed in a complete vehicle consistent with the provisions of
40 CFR 1037.150(m)(6). The

[[Page 94]]

CO2 standard for the engines equals the test result specified
in 40 CFR 1037.150(m)(6) multiplied by 1.10 and rounded to the nearest
0.1 g/mile. The N2O and CH4 standards are both
0.05 g/mile (or any alternate standards that apply to the corresponding
vehicle test group). The only requirements of this part that apply to
these engines are those in this paragraph (a)(4) and those in Sec. Sec.
1036.115 through 1036.135.
(b) Family certification levels. You must specify a CO2
Family Certification Level (FCL) for each engine family. The FCL may not
be less than the certified emission level for the engine family. The
CO2 Family Emission Limit (FEL) for the engine family is
equal to the FCL multiplied by 1.03.
(c) Averaging, banking, and trading. You may generate or use
emission credits under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program
described in subpart H of this part for demonstrating compliance with
CO2 emission standards. Credits (positive and negative) are
calculated from the difference between the FCL and the applicable
emission standard. As described in Sec. 1036.705, you may use
CO2 credits to certify your engine families to FELs for
N2O and/or CH4, instead of the N2O/
CH4 standards of this section that otherwise apply. Except as
specified in Sec. Sec. 1036.150 and 1036.705, you may not generate or
use credits for N2O or CH4 emissions.
(d) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards of this section throughout their full useful life, expressed
in service miles or calendar years, whichever comes first. The useful
life values applicable to the criteria pollutant standards of 40 CFR
part 86 apply for the standards of this section.
(e) Applicability for testing. The emission standards in this
subpart apply as specified in this paragraph (e) to all duty-cycle
testing (according to the applicable test cycles) of testable
configurations, including certification, selective enforcement audits,
and in-use testing. The CO2 FCLs serve as the CO2
emission standards for the engine family with respect to certification
and confirmatory testing instead of the standards specified in paragraph
(a)(1) of this section. The FELs serve as the emission standards for the
engine family with respect to all other testing. See Sec. Sec. 1036.235
and 1036.241 to determine which engine configurations within the engine
family are subject to testing.
(f) Multi-fuel engines. For dual-fuel, multi-fuel, and flexible-fuel
engines, perform exhaust testing on each fuel type (for example,
gasoline and E85).
(1) This paragraph (f)(1) applies where you demonstrate the relative
amount of each fuel type that your engines consume in actual use. Based
on your demonstration, we will specify a weighting factor and allow you
to submit the weighted average of your emission results. For example, if
you certify an E85 flexible-fuel engine and we determine the engine will
produce one-half of its work from E85 and one-half of its work from
gasoline, you may average your E85 and gasoline emission results.
(2) If you certify your engine family to N2O and/or
CH4 FELs the FELs apply for testing on all fuel types for
which your engine is designed, to the same extent as criteria emission
standards apply.

Sec. 1036.115 Other requirements.

(a) The warranty and maintenance requirements, adjustable parameter
provisions, and defeat device prohibition of 40 CFR part 86 apply with
respect to the standards of this part.
(b) [Reserved]

Sec. 1036.130 Installation instructions for vehicle manufacturers.

(a) If you sell an engine for someone else to install in a vehicle,
give the engine installer instructions for installing it consistent with
the requirements of this part. Include all information necessary to
ensure that an engine will be installed in its certified configuration.
(b) Make sure these instructions have the following information:
(1) Include the heading: ``Emission-related installation
instructions''.
(2) State: ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing a
certified engine in a heavy-duty motor vehicle violates federal law,
subject to fines or other penalties as described in the Clean Air Act.''

[[Page 95]]

(3) Provide all instructions needed to properly install the exhaust
system and any other components.
(4) Describe any necessary steps for installing any diagnostic
system required under 40 CFR part 86.
(5) Describe how your certification is limited for any type of
application. For example, if you certify heavy heavy-duty engines to the
CO2 standards using only steady-state testing, you must make
clear that the engine may be installed only in tractors.
(6) Describe any other instructions to make sure the installed
engine will operate according to design specifications in your
application for certification. This may include, for example,
instructions for installing aftertreatment devices when installing the
engines.
(7) State: ``If you install the engine in a way that makes the
engine's emission control information label hard to read during normal
engine maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the vehicle, as
described in 40 CFR 1068.105.''
(c) You do not need installation instructions for engines that you
install in your own vehicles.
(d) Provide instructions in writing or in an equivalent format. For
example, you may post instructions on a publicly available Web site for
downloading or printing. If you do not provide the instructions in
writing, explain in your application for certification how you will
ensure that each installer is informed of the installation requirements.

Sec. 1036.135 Labeling.

Label your engines as described in 40 CFR 86.007-35(a)(3), with the
following additional information:
(a) [Reserved]
(b) Identify the emission control system. Use terms and
abbreviations as described in 40 CFR 1068.45 or other applicable
conventions.
(c) Identify any limitations on your certification. For example, if
you certify heavy heavy-duty engines to the CO2 standards
using only transient cycle testing, include the statement ``VOCATIONAL
VEHICLES ONLY''.
(d) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
part 1036 if you show that it is necessary or appropriate. We will
approve your request if your alternate label is consistent with the
requirements of this part. We may also specify modified labeling
requirement to be consistent with the intent of 40 CFR part 1037.

Sec. 1036.140 Primary intended service class.

You must identify a single primary intended service class for each
compression-ignition engine family. Select the class that best describes
vehicles for which you design and market the engine. The three primary
intended service classes are light heavy-duty, medium heavy-duty, and
heavy heavy-duty. Note that provisions that apply based on primary
intended service class often treat spark-ignition engines as if they
were a separate service class.
(a) Light heavy-duty engines usually are not designed for rebuild
and do not have cylinder liners. Vehicle body types in this group might
include any heavy-duty vehicle built for a light-duty truck chassis, van
trucks, multi-stop vans, motor homes and other recreational vehicles,
and some straight trucks with a single rear axle. Typical applications
would include personal transportation, light-load commercial delivery,
passenger service, agriculture, and construction. The GVWR of these
vehicles is normally below 19,500 pounds.
(b) Medium heavy-duty engines may be designed for rebuild and may
have cylinder liners. Vehicle body types in this group would typically
include school buses, straight trucks with dual rear axles, city
tractors, and a variety of special purpose vehicles such as small dump
trucks, and refuse trucks. Typical applications would include commercial
short haul and intra-city delivery and pickup. Engines in this group are
normally used in vehicles whose GVWR ranges from 19,500 to 33,000
pounds.
(c) Heavy heavy-duty engines are designed for multiple rebuilds and
have cylinder liners. Vehicles in this group are normally tractors,
trucks, and buses used in inter-city, long-haul applications. These
vehicles normally exceed 33,000 pounds GVWR.

[[Page 96]]

Sec. 1036.150 Interim provisions.

The provisions in this section apply instead of other provisions in
this part.
(a) Early banking of greenhouse gas emissions. You may generate
CO2 emission credits for engines you certify in model year
2013 (2015 for spark-ignition engines) to the standards of Sec.
1036.108.
(1) Except as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, to
generate early credits, you must certify your entire U.S.-directed
production volume within that averaging set to these standards. This
means that you may not generate early credits while you produce engines
in the averaging set that are certified to the criteria pollutant
standards but not to the greenhouse gas standards. Calculate emission
credits as described in subpart H of this part relative to the standard
that would apply for model year 2014 (2016 for spark-ignition engines).
(2) You may generate early credits for an individual compression-
ignition engine family where you demonstrate that you have improved a
model year 2013 engine model's CO2 emissions relative to its
2012 baseline level and certify it to an FCL below the applicable
standard. Calculate emission credits as described in subpart H of this
part relative to the lesser of the standard that would apply for model
year 2014 engines or the baseline engine's CO2 emission rate.
Use the smaller U.S.-directed production volume of the 2013 engine
family or the 2012 baseline engine family. We will not allow you to
generate emission credits under this paragraph (a)(2) unless we
determine that your 2013 engine is the same engine as the 2012 baseline
or that it replaces it.
(3) You may bank credits equal to the surplus credits you generate
under this paragraph (a) multiplied by 1.50. For example, if you have 10
Mg of surplus credits for model year 2013, you may bank 15 Mg of
credits. Credit deficits for an averaging set prior to model year 2014
(2016 for spark-ignition engines) do not carry over to model year 2014
(2016 for spark-ignition engines). We recommend that you notify us of
your intent to use this provision before submitting your applications.
(b) Model year 2014 N2O standards. In model year 2014 and
earlier, manufacturers may show compliance with the N2O
standards using an engineering analysis. This allowance also applies for
later families certified using carryover CO2 data from model
2014 consistent with Sec. 1036.235(d).
(c) Engine cycle classification. Engines meeting the definition of
spark-ignition, but regulated as diesel engines under 40 CFR part 86,
must be certified to the requirements applicable to compression-ignition
engines under this part. Such engines are deemed to be compression-
ignition engines for purposes of this part. Similarly, engines meeting
the definition of compression-ignition, but regulated as Otto-cycle
under 40 CFR part 86 must be certified to the requirements applicable to
spark-ignition engines under this part. Such engines are deemed to be
spark-ignition engines for purposes of this part.
(d) Small manufacturers. Manufacturers meeting the small business
criteria specified for ``Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts
Manufacturing'' or ``Other Engine Equipment Manufacturers'' in 13 CFR
121.201 are not subject to the greenhouse gas emission standards in
Sec. 1036.108. Qualifying manufacturers must notify the Designated
Compliance Officer before importing or introducing into U.S. commerce
excluded engines. This notification must include a description of the
manufacturer's qualification as a small business under 13 CFR 121.201.
You must label your excluded vehicles with the statement: ``THIS ENGINE
IS EXCLUDED UNDER 40 CFR 1037.150(c).''
(e) Alternate phase-in standards. Where a manufacturer certifies all
of its model year 2013 compression-ignition engines within a given
primary intended service class to the applicable alternate standards of
this paragraph (e), its compression-ignition engines within that primary
intended service class are subject to the standards of this paragraph
(e) for model years 2013 through 2016. This means that once a
manufacturer chooses to certify a primary intended service class to the
standards of this paragraph (e), it is not allowed to opt out of these
standards. Engines certified to these standards are not eligible for
early credits under paragraph (a) of this section.

[[Page 97]]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tractors LHD Engines MHD Engines HHD Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model Years 2013-2015................ NA..................... 512 g/hp-hr............ 485 g/hp-hr.
Model Years 2016 and later \a\....... NA..................... 487 g/hp-hr............ 460 g/hp-hr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vocational LHD Engines MHD Engines HHD Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model Years 2013-2015................ 618 g/hp-hr............ 618 g/hp-hr............ 577 g/hp-hr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model Years 2016 and later \a\....... 576 g/hp-hr............ 576 g/hp-hr............ 555 g/hp-hr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Note: These alternate standards for 2016 and later are the same as the otherwise applicable standards for
2017 and later.

(f) Separate OBD families. This paragraph (f) applies where you
separately certify engines for the purpose of applying OBD requirements
(for engines used in vehicles under 14,000 pounds GVWR) from non-OBD
engines that could be certified as a single engine family. You may treat
the two engine families as a single engine family in certain respects
for the purpose of this part, as follows:
(1) This paragraph applies only where the two families are identical
in all respects except for the engine ratings offered and the inclusion
of OBD.
(2) For purposes of this part and 40 CFR part 86, the two families
remain two separate families except for the following:
(i) Specify the testable configurations of the non-OBD engine family
as the testable configurations for the OBD family.
(ii) Submit the same CO2, N2O, and
CH4 emission data for both engine families.
(g) Assigned deterioration factors. You may use assigned
deterioration factors (DFs) without performing your own durability
emission tests or engineering analysis as follows:
(1) You may use an assigned additive DF of 0.0 g/hp-hr for
CO2 emissions from engines that do not use advanced or
innovative technologies. If we determine it to be consistent with good
engineering judgment, we may allow you to use an assigned additive DF of
0.0 g/hp-hr for CO2 emissions from your engines with advanced
or innovative technologies.
(2) You may use an assigned additive DF of 0.02 g/hp-hr for
N2O emissions from any engine.
(3) You may use an assigned additive DF of 0.02 g/hp-hr for
CH4 emissions from any engine.
(h) Advanced technology credits. If you generate credits from
engines certified for advanced technology you may multiply these credits
by 1.5, except that you may not apply this multiplier and the early-
credit multiplier of paragraph (a) of this section.
(i) CO2 credits for low N2O emissions. If you
certify your model year 2014, 2015, or 2016 engines to an N2O
FEL less than 0.04 g/hp-hr (provided you measure N2O
emissions from your emission-data engines), you may generate additional
CO2 credits under this paragraph (i). Calculate the
additional CO2 credits from the following equation instead of
the equation in Sec. 1036.705:

CO2 Credits (Mg) = (0.04 - FELN2O) [middot] (CF)
[middot] (Volume) [middot] (UL) [middot] (10^-6) [middot]
(298)

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

Sec. 1036.205 What must I include in my application?

Submit an application for certification as described in 40 CFR
86.007-21, with the following additional information:
(a) Describe the engine family's specifications and other basic
parameters of the engine's design and emission controls with respect to
compliance with the requirements of this part. Describe in detail all
system components for controlling greenhouse gas emissions, including
all auxiliary emission control devices (AECDs) and all fuel-system
components you will install on any production or test engine. Identify
the part number of each component you describe. For this paragraph (a),
treat as separate AECDs any devices that modulate or activate
differently from each other.
(b) Describe any test equipment and procedures that you used if you
performed any tests that did not also involve measurement of criteria
pollutants. Describe any special or alternate test procedures you used
(see 40 CFR 1065.10(c)).
(c) Include the emission-related installation instructions you will
provide if someone else installs your engines in their vehicles (see
Sec. 1036.130).

[[Page 98]]

(d) Describe the label information specified in Sec. 1036.135. We
may require you to include a copy of the label.
(e) Identify the FCLs with which you are certifying engines in the
engine family. The actual U.S.-directed production volume of
configurations that have emission rates at or below the FCL must be at
least one percent of your total actual (not projected) U.S.-directed
production volume for the engine family. Identify configurations within
the family that have emission rates at or below the FCL and meet the one
percent requirement. For example, if your total U.S.-directed production
volume for the engine family is 10,583, and the U.S.-directed production
volume for the tested rating is 75 engines, then you can comply with
this provision by setting your FCL so that one more rating with a U.S.-
directed production volume of at least 31 engines meets the FCL. Where
applicable, also identify other testable configurations required under
Sec. 1036.230(b)(2).
(f) Identify the engine family's deterioration factors and describe
how you developed them (see Sec. 1036.241). Present any test data you
used for this.
(g) Present emission data to show that you meet emission standards,
as follows:
(1) Present exhaust emission data for CO2,
CH4, and N2O on an emission-data engine to show
that your engines meet the applicable emission standards we specify in
Sec. 1036.108. Show emission figures before and after applying
deterioration factors for each engine. In addition to the composite
results, show individual measurements for cold-start testing and hot-
start testing over the transient test cycle.
(2) Note that Sec. 1036.235 allows you to submit an application in
certain cases without new emission data.
(h) State whether your certification is limited for certain engines.
For example, if you certify heavy heavy-duty engines to the
CO2 standards using only transient testing, the engines may
be installed only in vocational vehicles.
(i) Unconditionally certify that all the engines in the engine
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act. Note that Sec. 1036.235 specifies
which engines to test to show that engines in the entire family comply
with the requirements of this part.
(j) Include the information required by other subparts of this part.
For example, include the information required by Sec. 1036.725 if you
participate in the ABT program.
(k) Include the warranty statement and maintenance instructions if
we request them.
(l) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or 40 CFR part 1068 related to requests for
exemptions.
(m) For imported engines or equipment, identify the following:
(1) Describe your normal practice for importing engines. For
example, this may include identifying the names and addresses of any
agents you have authorized to import your engines. Engines imported by
nonauthorized agents are not covered by your certificate.
(2) The location of a test facility in the United States where you
can test your engines if we select them for testing under a selective
enforcement audit, as specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart E.

Sec. 1036.210 Preliminary approval before certification.

If you send us information before you finish the application, we may
review it and make any appropriate determinations, especially for
questions related to engine family definitions, auxiliary emission
control devices, adjustable parameters, deterioration factors, testing
for service accumulation, and maintenance. Decisions made under this
section are considered to be preliminary approval, subject to final
review and approval. We will generally not reverse a decision where we
have given you preliminary approval, unless we find new information
supporting a different decision. If you request preliminary approval
related to the upcoming model year or the model year after that, we will
make best-efforts to make the appropriate determinations as soon as
practicable. We will generally not provide preliminary approval related
to a future model year more than two years ahead of time.

[[Page 99]]

Sec. 1036.225 Amending my application for certification.

Before we issue you a certificate of conformity, you may amend your
application to include new or modified engine configurations, subject to
the provisions of this section. After we have issued your certificate of
conformity, but before the end of the model year, you may send us an
amended application requesting that we include new or modified engine
configurations within the scope of the certificate, subject to the
provisions of this section. You must amend your application if any
changes occur with respect to any information that is included or should
be included in your application.
(a) You must amend your application before you take any of the
following actions:
(1) Add an engine configuration to an engine family. In this case,
the engine configuration added must be consistent with other engine
configurations in the engine family with respect to the criteria listed
in Sec. 1036.230.
(2) Change an engine configuration already included in an engine
family in a way that may affect emissions, or change any of the
components you described in your application for certification. This
includes production and design changes that may affect emissions any
time during the engine's lifetime.
(3) Modify an FEL and FCL for an engine family as described in
paragraph (f) of this section.
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the relevant
information to the Designated Compliance Officer.
(1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the engine model or
configuration you intend to make.
(2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended
engine family complies with all applicable requirements. You may do this
by showing that the original emission-data engine is still appropriate
for showing that the amended family complies with all applicable
requirements.
(3) If the original emission-data engine for the engine family is
not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified engine
configuration, include new test data showing that the new or modified
engine configuration meets the requirements of this part.
(c) We may ask for more test data or engineering evaluations. You
must give us these within 30 days after we request them.
(d) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, we will determine whether the existing certificate of
conformity covers your newly added or modified engine. You may ask for a
hearing if we deny your request (see Sec. 1036.820).
(e) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified engine
configuration anytime after you send us your amended application and
before we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However,
if we determine that the affected engines do not meet applicable
requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the engines and
may require you to recall the engines at no expense to the owner.
Choosing to produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be
consent to recall all engines that we determine do not meet applicable
emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the nonconformity
at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide information required
under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days after we request it,
you must stop producing the new or modified engines.
(f) You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in certain cases
after the start of production, but before the end of the model year. If
you change an FEL for CO2, your FCL for CO2 is
automatically set to your new FEL divided by 1.03. The changed FEL may
not apply to engines you have already introduced into U.S. commerce,
except as described in this paragraph (f). If we approve a changed FEL
after the start of production, you must include the new FEL on the
emission control information label for all engines produced after the
change. You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in the following
cases:
(1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your engine family at any
time. In your request, you must show that you will still be able to meet
the emission

[[Page 100]]

standards as specified in subparts B and H of this part. Use the
appropriate FELs/FCLs with corresponding production volumes to calculate
emission credits for the model year, as described in subpart H of this
part.
(2) You may ask to lower the FEL for your engine family only if you
have test data from production engines showing that emissions are below
the proposed lower FEL (or below the proposed FCL for CO2).
The lower FEL/FCL applies only to engines you produce after we approve
the new FEL/FCL. Use the appropriate FELs/FCLs with corresponding
production volumes to calculate emission credits for the model year, as
described in subpart H of this part.

Sec. 1036.230 Selecting engine families.

See 40 CFR 86.001-24 for instructions on how to divide your product
line into families of engines that are expected to have similar emission
characteristics throughout the useful life. You must certify your
engines to the standards of Sec. 1036.108 using the same engine
families you use for criteria pollutants under 40 CFR part 86. The
following provisions also apply:
(a) Engines certified as hybrid engines or power packs may not be
included in an engine family with engines with conventional powertrains.
Note that this does not prevent you from including engines in a
conventional family if they are used in hybrid vehicles, as long as you
certify them conventionally.
(b) If you certify engines in the family for use as both vocational
and tractor engines, you must split your family into two separate
subfamilies. Indicate in the application for certification that the
engine family is to be split.
(1) Calculate emission credits relative to the vocational engine
standard for the number of engines sold into vocational applications and
relative to the tractor engine standard for the number of engines sold
into non-vocational tractor applications. You may assign the numbers and
configurations of engines within the respective subfamilies at any time
before submitting the end-of-year report required by Sec. 1036.730. If
the family participates in averaging, banking, or trading, you must
identify the type of vehicle in which each engine is installed; we may
alternatively allow you to use statistical methods to determine this for
a fraction of your engines. Keep records to document this determination.
(2) If you restrict use of the test configuration for your split
family to only tractors, or only vocational vehicles, you must identify
a second testable configuration for the other type of vehicle (or an
unrestricted configuration). Identify this configuration in your
application for certification. The FCL for the engine family applies for
this configuration as well as the primary test configuration.
(c) If you certify in separate engine families engines that could
have been certified in vocational and tractor engine subfamilies in the
same engine family, count the two families as one family for purposes of
determining your obligations with respect to the OBD requirements and
in-use testing requirements of 40 CFR part 86. Indicate in the
applications for certification that the two engine families are covered
by this paragraph (c).
(d) Engine configurations within an engine family must use
equivalent greenhouse gas emission controls. Unless we approve it, you
may not produce nontested configurations without the same emission
control hardware included on the tested configuration. We will only
approve it if you demonstrate that the exclusion of the hardware does
not increase greenhouse gas emissions.

Sec. 1036.235 Testing requirements for certification.

This section describes the emission testing you must perform to show
compliance with the greenhouse gas emission standards in Sec. 1036.108.
(a) Select a single emission-data engine from each engine family as
specified in 40 CFR part 86. The standards of this part apply only with
respect to emissions measured from this tested configuration and other
configurations identified in Sec. 1036.205(e). Note that configurations
identified in Sec. 1036.205(e) are considered to be ``tested
configurations'' whether or not you actually tested them for
certification. However,

[[Page 101]]

you must apply the same (or equivalent) emission controls to all other
engine configurations in the engine family.
(b) Test your emission-data engines using the procedures and
equipment specified in subpart F of this part. In the case of dual-fuel
and flexible-fuel engines, measure emissions when operating with each
type of fuel for which you intend to certify the engine. Measure
CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the
specified duty cycle(s), including cold-start and hot-start testing as
specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart N. If you are certifying the engine
for use in tractors, you must measure CO2 emissions using the
SET cycle and measure CH4, and N2O emissions using
the transient cycle. If you are certifying the engine for use in
vocational applications, you must measure CO2,
CH4, and N2O emissions using the specified
transient duty cycle, including cold-start and hot-start testing as
specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart N. Engines certified for use in
tractors may also be used in vocational vehicles; however, you may not
knowingly circumvent the intent of this part (to reduce in-use emissions
of CO2) by certifying engines designed for vocational
vehicles (and rarely used in tractors) to the SET and not the transient
cycle. For example, we would generally not allow you to certify all your
engines to the SET without certifying any to the transient cycle. You
may certify your engine family for both tractor and vocational use by
submitting CO2 emission data from both SET and transient
cycle testing and specifying FCLs for both.
(c) We may measure emissions from any of your emission-data engines.
(1) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. If we do this, you must deliver the engine to a test facility
we designate. The engine you provide must include appropriate manifolds,
aftertreatment devices, electronic control units, and other emission-
related components not normally attached directly to the engine block.
If we do the testing at your plant, you must schedule it as soon as
possible and make available the instruments, personnel, and equipment we
need.
(2) If we measure emissions on your engine, the results of that
testing become the official emission results for the engine. Unless we
later invalidate these data, we may decide not to consider your data in
determining if your engine family meets applicable requirements.
(3) Before we test one of your engines, we may set its adjustable
parameters to any point within the physically adjustable ranges.
(4) Before we test one of your engines, we may calibrate it within
normal production tolerances for anything we do not consider an
adjustable parameter. For example, this would apply for an engine
parameter that is subject to production variability because it is
adjustable during production, but is not considered an adjustable
parameter (as defined in Sec. 1036.801) because it is permanently
sealed.
(d) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous model
year instead of doing new tests, but only if all the following are true:
(1) The engine family from the previous model year differs from the
current engine family only with respect to model year or other
characteristics unrelated to emissions.
(2) The emission-data engine from the previous model year remains
the appropriate emission-data engine under paragraph (b) of this
section.
(3) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the
requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the application
for certification.
(e) We may require you to test a second engine of the same
configuration in addition to the engine tested under paragraph (a) of
this section.
(f) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in subpart F of this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.

[[Page 102]]

Sec. 1036.241 Demonstrating compliance with greenhouse gas pollutant

standards.

(a) For purposes of certification, your engine family is considered
in compliance with the emission standards in Sec. 1036.108 if all
emission-data engines representing the tested configuration of that
engine family have test results showing official emission results and
deteriorated emission levels at or below the standards. Note that your
FCLs are considered to be the applicable emission standards with which
you must comply for certification.
(b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data
engine representing the tested configuration of that engine family has
test results showing an official emission result or a deteriorated
emission level for any pollutant that is above an applicable emission
standard (generally the FCL). Note that you may increase your FCL if any
certification test results exceed your initial FCL.
(c) Apply deterioration factors to the measured emission levels for
each pollutant to show compliance with the applicable emission
standards. Your deterioration factors must take into account any
available data from in-use testing with similar engines. Apply
deterioration factors as follows:
(1) Additive deterioration factor for greenhouse gas emissions.
Except as specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, use an additive
deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. An additive deterioration
factor is the difference between exhaust emissions at the end of the
useful life and exhaust emissions at the low-hour test point. In these
cases, adjust the official emission results for each tested engine at
the selected test point by adding the factor to the measured emissions.
If the factor is less than zero, use zero. Additive deterioration
factors must be specified to one more decimal place than the applicable
standard.
(2) Multiplicative deterioration factor for greenhouse gas
emissions. Use a multiplicative deterioration factor for a pollutant if
good engineering judgment calls for the deterioration factor for that
pollutant to be the ratio of exhaust emissions at the end of the useful
life to exhaust emissions at the low-hour test point. Adjust the
official emission results for each tested engine at the selected test
point by multiplying the measured emissions by the deterioration factor.
If the factor is less than one, use one. A multiplicative deterioration
factor may not be appropriate in cases where testing variability is
significantly greater than engine-to-engine variability. Multiplicative
deterioration factors must be specified to one more significant figure
than the applicable standard.
(3) Sawtooth deterioration patterns. The deterioration factors
described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section assume that the
highest useful life emissions occur either at the end of useful life or
at the low-hour test point. The provisions of this paragraph (c)(3)
apply where good engineering judgment indicates that the highest useful
life emissions will occur between these two points. For example,
emissions may increase with service accumulation until a certain
maintenance step is performed, then return to the low-hour emission
levels and begin increasing again. Such a pattern may occur with
battery-based electric hybrid engines. Base deterioration factors for
engines with such emission patterns on the difference between (or ratio
of) the point at which the highest emissions occur and the low-hour test
point. Note that this applies for maintenance-related deterioration only
where we allow such critical emission-related maintenance.
(d) Collect emission data using measurements to one more decimal
place than the applicable standard. Apply the deterioration factor to
the official emission result, as described in paragraph (c) of this
section, then round the adjusted figure to the same number of decimal
places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded emission levels to
the emission standard for each emission-data engine.
(e) If you identify more than one configuration in Sec.
1036.205(e), we may test (or require you to test) any of the identified
configurations. We may also require you to provide an engineering
analysis that demonstrates that untested configurations listed in Sec.
1036.205(e) comply with their FCL.

[[Page 103]]

Sec. 1036.250 Reporting and recordkeeping for certification.

(a) Within 90 days after the end of the model year, send the
Designated Compliance Officer a report including the total U.S.-directed
production volume of engines you produced in each engine family during
the model year (based on information available at the time of the
report). Report the production by serial number and engine
configuration. Small manufacturers may omit this requirement. You may
combine this report with reports required under subpart H of this part.
(b) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1036.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(c) Keep routine data from emission tests required by this part
(such as test cell temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one
year after we issue the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all
other information specified in this section for eight years after we
issue your certificate.
(d) Store these records in any format and on any media, as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review
them at any time.

Sec. 1036.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of

conformity?

(a) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Act, we
will issue a certificate of conformity for your engine family for that
model year. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
(b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke
your certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (e) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent). This includes doing anything
after submission of your application to render any of the submitted
information false or incomplete.
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities despite our
presenting a warrant or court order (see 40 CFR 1068.20). This includes
a failure to provide reasonable assistance. However, you may ask us to
reconsider our decision by showing that your failure under this
paragraph (c)(4) did not involve engines related to the certificate or
application in question to a degree that would justify our decision.
(5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized
activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all engines being produced.
(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the Act
or this part, with respect to your engine family.
(d) We may void the certificate of conformity for an engine family
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as
required under this part or the Act. Note that these are also violations
of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information. This includes rendering
submitted information false or incomplete after submission.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1036.820).

Subpart D [Reserved]

[[Page 104]]

Subpart E_In-use Testing

Sec. 1036.401 In-use testing.

We may perform in-use testing of any engine family subject to the
standards of this part, consistent with the provisions of Sec.
1036.235. Note that this provisions does not affect your obligation to
test your in-use engines as described in 40 CFR part 86, subpart T.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

Sec. 1036.501 How do I run a valid emission test?

(a) Use the equipment and procedures specified in 40 CFR 86.1305 to
determine whether engines meet the emission standards in Sec. 1036.108.
(b) You may use special or alternate procedures to the extent we
allow them under 40 CFR 1065.10.
(c) This subpart is addressed to you as a manufacturer, but it
applies equally to anyone who does testing for you, and to us when we
perform testing to determine if your engines meet emission standards.
(d) For engines that use aftertreatment technology with infrequent
regeneration events, invalidate any test interval in which such a
regeneration event occurs with respect to CO2,
N2O, and CH4 measurements.
(e) Test hybrid engines as described in 40 CFR part 1065 and Sec.
1036.525.
(f) [Reserved]
(g) If your engine requires special components for proper testing,
you must provide any such components to us if we ask for them.

Sec. 1036.525 Hybrid engines.

(a) If your engine system includes features that recover and store
energy during engine motoring operation test the engine as described in
paragraph (d) of this section. See Sec. 1036.615(a)(2) for engine
systems intended to include features that recover and store energy from
braking unrelated to engine motoring operation. For purposes of this
section, features that recover energy between the engine and
transmission are considered ``related to engine motoring''.
(b) If you produce a hybrid engine designed with power take-off
capability and sell the engine coupled with a transmission, you may
calculate a reduction in CO2 emissions resulting from the
power take-off operation as described in 40 CFR 1037.525. Use good
engineering judgment to use the vehicle-based procedures to quantify the
CO2 reduction for your engines.
(c) The hardware that must be included in these tests is the engine,
the hybrid electric motor, the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS)
and the power electronics between the hybrid electric motor and the
RESS. You may ask us to modify the provisions of this section to allow
testing non-electric hybrid vehicles, consistent with good engineering
judgment.
(d) Measure emissions using the same procedures that apply for
testing non-hybrid engines under this part, except as specified
otherwise in this part and/or 40 CFR part 1065. If you test hybrid
engines using the SET, deactivate the hybrid features unless we have
specified otherwise. The five differences that apply under this section
are related to engine mapping, engine shutdown during the test cycle,
calculating work, limits on braking energy, and state of charge
constraints.
(1) Map the engine as specified in 40 CFR 1065.510. This requires
separate torque maps for the engine with and without the hybrid features
active. For transient testing, denormalize the test cycle using the map
generated with the hybrid feature active. For steady-state testing,
denormalize the test cycle using the map generated with the hybrid
feature inactive.
(2) If the engine will be configured in actual use to shut down
automatically during idle operation, you may let the engine shut down
during the idle portions of the test cycle.
(3) Follow 40 CFR 1065.650(d) to calculate the work done over the
cycle except as specified in this paragraph (d)(3). For the positive
work over the cycle set negative power from hybrid to zero. For the
negative work over the cycle set the positive power to zero and set the
non-hybrid power to zero.
(4)(i) Calculate brake energy fraction, xb, as the
integrated negative work over the cycle divided by the integrated
positive work over the cycle according to Equation 1036.525-1. Calculate
the brake energy limit for the

[[Page 105]]

engine, xbl, according to Equation 1036.525-2. If
xb is less than xbl, use the integrated positive
work for your emission calculations. If the xb is greater
than xbl use Equation 1036.525-3 to calculate the positive
work done over the cycle. Use Wcycle as the integrated
positive work when calculating brake-specific emissions. To avoid the
need to delete extra brake work from positive work you may set an
instantaneous brake target that will prevent xb from being
larger than xbl.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.007

(ii) The following definitions of terms apply for this paragraph
(d)(4):
xb = the brake energy fraction.
Wneg = the negative work over the cycle.
Wpos = the positive work over the cycle.
xbl = the brake energy fraction limit.
Pmax = the maximum power of the engine with the hybrid
system engaged (kW).
Wcycle = the work over the cycle when xb is
greater than xbl.
(iii) Note that these calculations are specified with SI units (such
as kW), consistent with 40 CFR part 1065. Emission results are converted
to g/hp-hr at the end of the calculations.
(5) Correct for the net energy change of the energy storage device
as described in 40 CFR 1066.501.

Sec. 1036.530 Calculating greenhouse gas emission rates.

This section describes how to calculate official emission results
for CO2, CH4, and N2O.
(a) Calculate brake-specific emission rates for each applicable duty
cycle as specified in 40 CFR 1065.650. Do not apply infrequent
regeneration adjustment factors to your results.
(b) Adjust CO2 emission rates calculated under paragraph
(a) of this section for measured test fuel properties as specified in
this paragraph (b) to obtain the official emission results. You are not
required to apply this adjustment for fuels containing at least 75
percent pure alcohol, such as E85. The purpose of this adjustment is to
make official emission results independent of differences in test fuels
within a fuel type. Use good engineering judgment to develop and apply
testing protocols to minimize the impact of variations in test fuels.

[[Page 106]]

(1) For liquid fuels, determine the net energy content (Btu per
pound of fuel) according to ASTM D4809 or ASTM D240 (both incorporated
by reference in Sec. 1036.810) and carbon weight fraction
(dimensionless) of your test fuel according to ASTM D5291 (incorporated
by reference in Sec. 1036.810). (Note that we recommend using ASTM
D4809.) For gaseous fuels, use good engineering judgment to determine
the fuel's net energy content and carbon weight fraction. (Note: Net
energy content is also sometimes known as lower heating value.)
Calculate the test fuel's carbon-specific net energy content (Btu/lbC)
by dividing the net energy content by the carbon fraction, expressed to
at least five significant figures. You may perform these calculations
using SI units with the following conversion factors: one Btu equals
1055.06 Joules and one Btu/lb equals 0.0023260 MJ/kg.
(2) If you control test fuel properties so that variations in the
actual carbon-specific energy content are the same as or smaller than
the repeatability of measuring carbon-specific energy content, you may
use a constant value equal to the average carbon-specific energy content
of your test fuel. Otherwise, use the measured value for the specific
test fuel used for a given test. If you use a constant value, you must
update or verify the value at least once per year, or after changes in
test fuel suppliers or specifications.
(3) Calculate the adjustment factor for carbon-specific net energy
content by dividing the carbon-specific net energy content of your test
fuel by the reference level in the following table, expressed to at
least five decimal places. Note that as used in this section, the unit
lbC means pound of carbon and kgC means kilogram of carbon.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference Reference
carbon- carbon-
Fuel type specific net specific net
energy content energy content
(Btu/lbC) (MJ/kgC)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diesel fuel............................. 21,200 49.3112
Gasoline................................ 21,700 50.4742
Natural Gas............................. 28,500 66.2910
LPG..................................... 24,300 56.5218
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(4) Your official emission result equals your calculated brake-
specific emission rate multiplied by the adjustment factor specified in
paragraph (b)(2) of this section. For example, if the net energy content
and carbon fraction of your diesel test fuel are 18,400 Btu/lb and
0.870, the carbon-specific net energy content of the test fuel would be
21,149 Btu/lbC. The adjustment factor in the example above would be
0.99759 (21,149/21,200). If your brake-specific CO2 emission
rate was 630.0 g/hp-hr, your official emission result would be 628.5 g/
hp-hr.

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1036.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines?

(a) Engine and equipment manufacturers, as well as owners,
operators, and rebuilders of engines subject to the requirements of this
part, and all other persons, must observe the provisions of this part,
the provisions of the Clean Air Act, and the following provisions of 40
CFR part 1068:
(1) The exemption and importation provisions of 40 CFR part 1068,
subparts C and D, apply for engines subject to this part 1036, except
that the hardship exemption provisions of 40 CFR 1068.245, 1068.250, and
1068.255 do not apply for motor vehicle engines.
(2) Manufacturers may comply with the defect reporting requirements
of 40 CFR 1068.501 instead of the defect reporting requirements of 40
CFR part 85.
(b) Engines exempted from the applicable standards of 40 CFR part 86
are exempt from the standards of this part without request.

Sec. 1036.610 Innovative technology credits and adjustments for reducing

greenhouse gas emissions.

(a) You may ask us to apply the provisions of this section for
CO2 emission reductions resulting from powertrain
technologies that were not in common use with heavy-duty vehicles before
model year 2010 that are not reflected in the specified test procedure.
We will apply these provisions only for technologies that will result in
a measurable, demonstrable, and verifiable real-world CO2
reduction.
(b) The provisions of this section may be applied as either an
improvement factor (used to adjust emission results) or as a separate
credit, consistent with

[[Page 107]]

good engineering judgment. We recommend that you base your credit/
adjustment on A to B testing of pairs of engines/vehicles differing only
with respect to the technology in question.
(1) Calculate improvement factors as the ratio of in-use emissions
with the technology divided by the in-use emissions without the
technology. Adjust the emission results by multiplying by the
improvement factor. Use the improvement-factor approach where good
engineering judgment indicates that the actual benefit will be
proportional to emissions measured over the test procedures specified in
this part. For example, the benefits from technologies that reduce
engine operation would generally be proportional to the engine's
emission rate.
(2) Calculate separate credits based on the difference between the
in-use emission rate (g/ton-mile) with the technology and the in-use
emission rate without the technology. Multiply this difference by the
number of engines, standard payload, and useful life. We may also allow
you to calculate the credits based on g/hp-hr emission rates. Use the
separate-credit approach where good engineering judgment indicates that
the actual benefit will not be proportional to emissions measured over
the test procedures specified in this part.
(3) We may require you to discount or otherwise adjust your
improvement factor or credit to account for uncertainty or other
relevant factors.
(c) Send your request to the Designated Compliance Officer. Include
a detailed description of the technology and a recommended test plan.
Also state whether you recommend applying these provisions using the
improvement-factor method or the separate-credit method. We recommend
that you do not begin collecting test data (for submission to EPA)
before contacting us. For technologies for which the vehicle
manufacturer could also claim credits (such as transmissions in certain
circumstances), we may require you to include a letter from the vehicle
manufacturer stating that it will not seek credits for the same
technology.
(d) We may seek public comment on your request, consistent with the
provisions of 40 CFR 86.1866-12(d)(3). However, we will generally not
seek public comment on credits/adjustments based on A to B engine
dynamometer testing, chassis testing, or in-use testing.

Sec. 1036.615 Engines with Rankine cycle waste heat recovery and hybrid

powertrains.

This section specifies how to generate advanced technology-specific
emission credits for hybrid powertrains that include energy storage
systems and regenerative braking (including regenerative engine braking)
and for engines that include Rankine-cycle (or other bottoming cycle)
exhaust energy recovery systems.
(a) Hybrid powertrains. The following provisions apply for pre-
transmission and post-transmission hybrid powertrains:
(1) Pre-transmission hybrid powertrains are those engine systems
that include features that recover and store energy during engine
motoring operation but not from the vehicle wheels. These powertrains
are tested using the hybrid engine test procedures of 40 CFR part 1065
or using the post-transmission test procedures in 40 CFR 1037.550.
(2) Post-transmission hybrid powertrains are those powertrains that
include features that recover and store energy from braking but that
cannot function as hybrids without the transmission. These powertrains
must have a single output shaft to the final drive and are tested by
simulating the chassis test procedure applicable for hybrid vehicles
under 40 CFR 1037.550. You need our approval before you begin testing.
(b) Rankine engines. Test engines that include Rankine-cycle exhaust
energy recovery systems according to the test procedures specified in
subpart F of this part unless we approve alternate procedures.
(c) Calculating credits. Calculate credits as specified in subpart H
of this part. Credits generated from engines and powertrains certified
under this section may be used in other averaging sets as described in
Sec. 1036.740(d). Credits may not be generated under this section and
40 CFR 1037.615 for the same technology on the same vehicle.

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(d) Innovative technologies. You may certify using both provisions
of this section and the innovative technology provisions of Sec.
1036.610, provided you do not double count emission benefits.

Sec. 1036.620 Alternate CO2 standards based on model year 2011 compression-

ignition engines.

For model years 2014 through 2016, you may certify your compression-
ignition engines to the CO2 standards of this section instead
of the CO2 standards in Sec. 1036.108. However, you may not
certify engines to these alternate standards if they are part of an
averaging set in which you carry a balance of banked credits. You may
submit applications for certifications before using up banked credits in
the averaging set, but such certificates will not become effective until
you have used up (or retired) your banked credits in the averaging set.
For purposes of this section, you are deemed to carry credits in an
averaging set if you carry credits from advanced technology that are
allowed to be used in that averaging set.
(a) The standards of this section are determined from the measured
emission rate of the test engine of the applicable baseline 2011 engine
family(ies) as described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
Calculate the CO2 emission rate of the baseline test engine
using the same equations used for showing compliance with the otherwise
applicable standard. The alternate CO2 standard for light and
medium heavy-duty vocational-certified engines (certified for
CO2 using the transient cycle) is equal to the baseline
emission rate multiplied by 0.975. The alternate CO2 standard
for tractor-certified engines (certified for CO2 using the
SET cycle) and all other heavy heavy-duty engines is equal to the
baseline emission rate multiplied by 0.970. The in-use FEL for these
engines is equal to the alternate standard multiplied by 1.03.
(b) This paragraph (b) applies if you do not certify all your engine
families in the averaging set to the alternate standards of this
section. Identify separate baseline engine families for each engine
family that you are certifying to the alternate standards of this
section. For an engine family to be considered the baseline engine
family, it must meet the following criteria:
(1) It must have been certified to all applicable emission standards
in model year 2011. If the baseline engine was certified to a
NOX FEL above the standard and incorporated the same emission
control technologies as the new engine family, you may adjust the
baseline CO2 emission rate to be equivalent to an engine
meeting the 0.20 g/hp-hr NOX standard (or your higher FEL as
specified in this paragraph (b)(1)), using certification results from
model years 2009 through 2011, consistent with good engineering
judgment.
(i) Use the following equation to relate model year 2009-2011
NOX and CO2 emission rates (g/hp-hr):
CO2 = a x log(NOX)+b.
(ii) For model year 2014-2016 engines certified to NOX
FELs above 0.20 g/hp-hr, correct the baseline CO2 emissions
to the actual NOX FELs of the 2014-2016 engines.
(iii) Calculate separate adjustments for transient and SET
emissions.
(2) The baseline configuration tested for certification must have
the same engine displacement as the engines in the engine family being
certified to the alternate standards, and its rated power must be within
five percent of the highest rated power in the engine family being
certified to the alternate standards.
(3) The model year 2011 U.S.-directed production volume of the
configuration tested must be at least one percent of the total 2011
U.S.-directed production volume for the engine family.
(4) The tested configuration must have cycle-weighted BSFC
equivalent to or better than all other configurations in the engine
family.
(c) This paragraph (c) applies if you certify all your engine
families in the primary intended service class to the alternate
standards of this section. For purposes of this section, you may combine
light heavy-duty and medium heavy-duty engines into a single averaging
set. Determine your baseline CO2 emission rate as the
production-weighted emission rate of the certified engine families you
produced in the 2011 model year. If you produce engines

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for both tractors and vocational vehicles, treat them as separate
averaging sets. Adjust the CO2 emission rates to be
equivalent to an engine meeting the average NOX FEL of new
engines (assuming engines certified to the 0.20 g/hp-hr NOX
standard have a NOX FEL equal to 0.20 g/hp-hr), as described
in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(d) Include the following statement on the emission control
information label: ``THIS ENGINE WAS CERTIFIED TO AN ALTERNATE
CO2 STANDARD UNDER Sec. 1036.620.''
(e) You may not bank CO2 emission credits for any engine
family in the same averaging set and model year in which you certify
engines to the standards of this section. You may not bank any advanced
technology credits in any averaging set for the model year you certify
under this section (since such credits would be available for use in
this averaging set). Note that the provisions of Sec. 1036.745 apply
for deficits generated with respect to the standards of this section.
(f) You need our approval before you may certify engines under this
section, especially with respect to the numerical value of the alternate
standards. We will not approve your request if we determine that you
manipulated your engine families or test engine configurations to
certify to less stringent standards, or that you otherwise have not
acted in good faith. You must keep and provide to us any information we
need to determine that your engine families meet the requirements of
this section. Keep these records for at least five years after you stop
producing engines certified under this section.

Sec. 1036.625 In-use compliance with family emission limits (FELs).

You may ask us to apply a higher in-use FEL for certain in-use
engines, subject to the provisions of this section. Note that Sec.
1036.225 contains provisions related to changing FELs during a model
year.
(a) Purpose. This section is intended to address circumstances in
which it is in the public interest to apply a higher in-use FEL based on
forfeiting an appropriate number of emission credits.
(b) FELs. When applying higher in-use FELs to your engines, we would
intend to accurately reflect the actual in-use performance of your
engines, consistent with the specified testing provisions of this part.
(c) Equivalent families. We may apply the higher FELs to other
families in other model years if they used equivalent emission controls.
(d) Credit forfeiture. Where we specify higher in-use FELs under
this section, you must forfeit CO2 emission credits based on
the difference between the in-use FEL and the otherwise applicable FEL.
Calculate the amount of credits to be forfeited using the applicable
equation in Sec. 1036.705, by substituting the otherwise applicable FEL
for the standard and the in-use FEL for the otherwise applicable FEL.
(e) Requests. Submit your request to the Designated Compliance
Officer. Include the following in your request:
(1) The engine family name and model year of the engines affected.
(2) A list of other engine families/model years that may be
affected.
(3) The otherwise applicable FEL for the engine families along with
your recommendations for higher in-use FELs.
(4) Your source of credits for forfeiture.
(f) Relation to recall. You may not request higher in-use FELs for
any engine families for which we have made a determination of
nonconformance and ordered a recall. You may, however, make such
requests for engine families for which you are performing a voluntary
emission recall.
(g) Approval. We may approve your request if we determine that you
meet the requirements of this section and such approval is in the public
interest. We may include appropriate conditions with our approval or we
may approve your request with modifications.

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

Sec. 1036.701 General provisions.

[[Page 110]]

subpart B of this part, you must assign an FCL to all engine families,
whether or not they participate in the ABT provisions of this subpart.)
(b) [Reserved]
(c) The definitions of subpart I of this part apply to this subpart.
The following definitions also apply:
(1) Actual emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have verified by reviewing your final report.
(2) Averaging set means a set of engines in which emission credits
may be exchanged. Credits generated by one engine may only be used by
other engines in the same averaging set. See Sec. 1036.740.
(3) Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission
credits between a buyer and seller.
(4) Buyer means the entity that receives emission credits as a
result of a trade.
(5) Reserved emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have not yet verified by reviewing your final report.
(6) Seller means the entity that provides emission credits during a
trade.
(7) Standard means the emission standard that applies under subpart
B of this part for engines not participating in the ABT program of this
subpart.
(8) Trade means to exchange emission credits, either as a buyer or
seller.
(d) Emission credits may be exchanged only within an averaging set
as specified in Sec. 1036.740.
(e) You may not use emission credits generated under this subpart to
offset any emissions that exceed an FCL or standard. This applies for
all testing, including certification testing, in-use testing, selective
enforcement audits, and other production-line testing. However, if
emissions from an engine exceed an FCL or standard (for example, during
a selective enforcement audit), you may use emission credits to
recertify the engine family with a higher FCL that applies only to
future production.
(f) Emission credits may be used in the model year they are
generated. Surplus emission credits may be banked for future model
years. Surplus emission credits may sometimes be used for past model
years, as described in Sec. 1036.745.
(g) You may increase or decrease an FCL during the model year by
amending your application for certification under Sec. 1036.225. The
new FCL may apply only to engines you have not already introduced into
commerce.
(h) You may trade emission credits generated from any number of your
engines to the engine purchasers or other parties to retire the credits.
Identify any such credits in the reports described in Sec. 1036.730.
Engines must comply with the applicable FELs even if you donate or sell
the corresponding emission credits under this paragraph (h). Those
credits may no longer be used by anyone to demonstrate compliance with
any EPA emission standards.
(i) See Sec. 1036.740 for special credit provisions that apply for
credits generated under Sec. 1036.615 or 40 CFR 1037.104(d)(7) or
1037.615.
(j) Unless the regulations explicitly allow it, you may not
calculate credits more than once for any emission reduction. For
example, if you generate CO2 emission credits for a hybrid
engine under this part for a given vehicle, no one may generate
CO2 emission credits for that same hybrid engine and vehicle
under 40 CFR part 1037. However, credits could be generated for
identical vehicles using engines that did not generate credits under
this part.

Sec. 1036.705 Generating and calculating emission credits.

(a) The provisions of this section apply separately for calculating
emission credits for each pollutant.
(b) For each participating family, calculate positive or negative
emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission standard
based on the engine family's FCL for greenhouse gases. If your engine
family is certified to both the vocational and tractor engine standards,
calculate credits separately for the vocational engines and the tractor
engines (as specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section). Calculate
positive emission credits for a family that has an FCL below the
standard. Calculate negative emission credits for a family that has an
FCL above the standard.

[[Page 111]]

Sum your positive and negative credits for the model year before
rounding. Round the sum of emission credits to the nearest megagram
(Mg), using consistent units throughout the following equations:
(1) For vocational engines:
Emission credits (Mg) = (Std-FCL) [middot] (CF) [middot] (Volume)
[middot] (UL) [middot] (10^-6)

Where:

Std = the emission standard, in g/hp-hr, that applies under subpart
B of this part for engines not participating in the ABT program of this
subpart (the ``otherwise applicable standard'').
FCL = the Family Certification Level for the engine family, in g/hp-
hr, measured over the transient duty cycle, rounded to the same number
of decimal places as the emission standard.
CF = a transient cycle conversion factor (hp-hr/mile), calculated by
dividing the total (integrated) horsepower-hour over the duty cycle
(average of vocational engine configurations weighted by their
production volumes) by 6.3 miles for spark-ignition engines and 6.5
miles for compression-ignition engines. This represents the average work
performed by vocational engines in the family over the mileage
represented by operation over the duty cycle.
Volume = the number of vocational engines eligible to participate in
the averaging, banking, and trading program within the given engine
family during the model year, as described in paragraph (c) of this
section.
UL = the useful life for the given engine family, in miles.

(2) For tractor engines:
Emission credits (Mg) = (Std-FCL) [middot] (CF) [middot] (Volume)
[middot] (UL) [middot] (10^-6)

Where:

Std = the emission standard, in g/hp-hr, that applies under subpart
B of this part for engines not participating in the ABT program of this
subpart (the ``otherwise applicable standard'').
FCL = the Family Certification Level for the engine family, in g/hp-
hr, measured over the SET duty cycle rounded to the same number of
decimal places as the emission standard.
CF = a transient cycle conversion factor (hp-hr/mile), calculated by
dividing the total (integrated) horsepower-hour over the duty cycle
(average of tractor-engine configurations weighted by their production
volumes) by 6.3 miles for spark-ignition engines and 6.5 miles for
compression-ignition engines. This represents the average work performed
by tractor engines in the family over the mileage represented by
operation over the duty cycle. Note that this calculation requires you
to use the transient cycle conversion factor even for engines certified
to SET-based standards. Volume = the number of tractor engines eligible
to participate in the averaging, banking, and trading program within the
given engine family during the model year, as described in paragraph (c)
of this section.
UL = the useful life for the given engine family, in miles.

(3) For engine families certified to both the vocational and tractor
engine standards, we may allow you to use statistical methods to
estimate the total production volumes where a small fraction of the
engines cannot be tracked precisely.
(4) You may not generate emission credits for tractor engines (i.e.,
engines not certified to the transient cycle for CO2)
installed in vocational vehicles (including vocational tractors
certified pursuant to 40 CFR 1037.630 or exempted pursuant to 40 CFR
1037.631). We will waive this requirement where you demonstrate that
less than five percent of the engines in your tractor family were
installed in vocational vehicles. For example, if you know that 96
percent of your tractor engines were installed in non-vocational
tractors, but cannot determine the vehicle type for the remaining four
percent, you may generate credits for all the engines in the family.
(c) As described in Sec. 1036.730, compliance with the requirements
of this subpart is determined at the end of the model year based on
actual U.S.-directed production volumes. Keep appropriate records to
document these production volumes. Do not include any of the following
engines to calculate emission credits:
(1) Engines that you do not certify to the CO2 standards
of this part because they are permanently exempted under subpart G of
this part or under 40 CFR part 1068.
(2) Exported engines.
(3) Engines not subject to the requirements of this part, such as
those excluded under Sec. 1036.5. For example, do not include engines
used in vehicles certified to the greenhouse gas standards of 40 CFR
1037.104.
(4) [Reserved]
(5) Any other engines if we indicate elsewhere in this part 1036
that they

[[Page 112]]

are not to be included in the calculations of this subpart.
(d) You may use CO2 emission credits to show compliance
with CH4 and/or N2O FELs instead of the otherwise
applicable emission standards. To do this, calculate the CH4
and/or N2O emission credits needed (negative credits) using
the equation in paragraph (b) of this section, using the FEL(s) you
specify for your engines during certification instead of the FCL. You
must use 25 Mg of positive CO2 credits to offset 1 Mg of
negative CH4 credits. You must use 298 Mg of positive
CO2 credits to offset 1 Mg of negative N2O
credits.

Sec. 1036.710 Averaging.

(a) Averaging is the exchange of emission credits among your engine
families. You may average emission credits only within the same
averaging set.
(b) You may certify one or more engine families to an FCL above the
applicable standard, subject to any applicable FEL caps and other the
provisions in subpart B of this part, if you show in your application
for certification that your projected balance of all emission-credit
transactions in that model year is greater than or equal to zero, or
that a negative balance is allowed under Sec. 1036.745.
(c) If you certify an engine family to an FCL that exceeds the
otherwise applicable standard, you must obtain enough emission credits
to offset the engine family's deficit by the due date for the final
report required in Sec. 1036.730. The emission credits used to address
the deficit may come from your other engine families that generate
emission credits in the same model year (or from later model years as
specified in Sec. 1036.745), from emission credits you have banked, or
from emission credits you obtain through trading.

Sec. 1036.715 Banking.

(a) Banking is the retention of surplus emission credits by the
manufacturer generating the emission credits for use in future model
years for averaging or trading.
(b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the
reports you submit under Sec. 1036.730 as reserved credits. During the
model year and before the due date for the final report, you may
designate your reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
(c) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit
your final report. However, we may revoke these emission credits if we
are unable to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your
records.
(d) Banked credits retain the designation of the averaging set in
which they were generated.

Sec. 1036.720 Trading.

(a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between
manufacturers, or the transfer of credits to another party to retire
them. You may use traded emission credits for averaging, banking, or
further trading transactions. Traded emission credits remain subject to
the averaging-set restrictions based on the averaging set in which they
were generated.
(b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this
subpart. You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may revoke
these emission credits based on our review of your records or reports or
those of the company with which you traded emission credits. You may
trade banked credits within an averaging set to any certifying
manufacturer.
(c) If a negative emission credit balance results from a
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we
deem to involve fraud. See Sec. 1036.255(e) for cases involving fraud.
We may void the certificates of all engine families participating in a
trade that results in a manufacturer having a negative balance of
emission credits. See Sec. 1036.745.

Sec. 1036.725 What must I include in my application for certification?

[[Page 113]]

FCL must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the
applicable standards.
(b) Include the following in your application for certification:
(1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have
a negative balance of emission credits for any averaging set when all
emission credits are calculated at the end of the year; or a statement
that you will have a negative balance of emission credits for one or
more averaging sets, but that it is allowed under Sec. 1036.745.
(2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (positive or
negative) based on projected U.S.-directed production volumes. We may
require you to include similar calculations from your other engine
families to project your net credit balances for the model year. If you
project negative emission credits for a family, state the source of
positive emission credits you expect to use to offset the negative
emission credits.

Sec. 1036.730 ABT reports.

(a) If any of your engine families are certified using the ABT
provisions of this subpart, you must send an end-of-year report within
90 days after the end of the model year and a final report within 270
days after the end of the model year.
(b) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
information for each engine family participating in the ABT program:
(1) Engine-family designation and averaging set.
(2) The emission standards that would otherwise apply to the engine
family.
(3) The FCL for each pollutant. If you change the FCL after the
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new
FCL and/or give the engine identification number for the first engine
covered by the new FCL. In this case, identify each applicable FCL and
calculate the positive or negative emission credits as specified in
Sec. 1036.225.
(4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for
the model year. If you changed an FCL during the model year, identify
the actual production volume associated with each FCL.
(5) The transient cycle conversion factor for each engine
configuration as described in Sec. 1036.705.
(6) Useful life.
(7) Calculated positive or negative emission credits for the whole
engine family. Identify any emission credits that you traded, as
described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(c) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
additional information:
(1) Show that your net balance of emission credits from all your
participating engine families in each averaging set in the applicable
model year is not negative, except as allowed under Sec. 1036.745.
(2) State whether you will reserve any emission credits for banking.
(3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
(d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within
90 days after the transaction, as follows:
(1) As the seller, you must include the following information in
your report:
(i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) The engine families that generated emission credits for the
trade, including the number of emission credits from each family.
(2) As the buyer, you must include the following information in your
report:
(i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the
number of emission credits you intend to apply to each engine family (if
known).
(e) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(f) Correct errors in your end-of-year report or final report as
follows:

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(1) You may correct any errors in your end-of-year report when you
prepare the final report, as long as you send us the final report by the
time it is due.
(2) If you or we determine within 270 days after the end of the
model year that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission
credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of
emission credits. You may not make these corrections for errors that are
determined more than 270 days after the end of the model year. If you
report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow
corrections under this paragraph (f)(2).
(3) If you or we determine anytime that errors mistakenly increased
your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors and
recalculate the balance of emission credits.

Sec. 1036.735 Recordkeeping.

(a) You must organize and maintain your records as described in this
section. We may review your records at any time.
(b) Keep the records required by this section for at least eight
years after the due date for the end-of-year report. You may not use
emission credits for any engines if you do not keep all the records
required under this section. You must therefore keep these records to
continue to bank valid credits. Store these records in any format and on
any media, as long as you can promptly send us organized, written
records in English if we ask for them. You must keep these records
readily available. We may review them at any time.
(c) Keep a copy of the reports we require in Sec. Sec. 1036.725 and
1036.730.
(d) Keep records of the engine identification number (usually the
serial number) for each engine you produce that generates or uses
emission credits under the ABT program. You may identify these numbers
as a range. If you change the FEL after the start of production,
identify the date you started using each FCL and the range of engine
identification numbers associated with each FCL. You must also identify
the purchaser and destination for each engine you produce to the extent
this information is available.
(e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us
relevant information not required by this section in accordance with the
Clean Air Act.

Sec. 1036.740 Restrictions for using emission credits.

The following restrictions apply for using emission credits:
(a) Averaging sets. Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this
section, emission credits may be exchanged only within an following
averaging sets There are four principal averaging sets for engines
subject to this subpart:
(1) Spark-ignition engines.
(2) Compression-ignition light heavy-duty engines.
(3) Compression-ignition medium heavy-duty engines.
(4) Compression-ignition heavy heavy-duty engines.
(b) Applying credits to prior year deficits. Where your credit
balance for the previous year is negative, you may apply credits to that
credit deficit only after meeting your credit obligations for the
current year.
(c) Credits from hybrid engines and other advanced technologies. The
averaging set restrictions of paragraph (a) of this section do not apply
for credits generated under Sec. 1036.615 or 40 CFR 1037.104(d)(7) or
1037.615 from hybrid power systems with regenerative braking, or from
other advanced technologies. Such credits may also be used under 40 CFR
part 1037.
(1) The maximum amount of credits you may bring into the following
service class groups is 60,000 Mg per model year:
(i) Spark-ignition engines, light heavy-duty compression-ignition
engines, and light heavy-duty vehicles. This group comprises the
averaging sets listed in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section and
the averaging set listed in 40 CFR 1037.740(a)(1).
(ii) Medium heavy-duty compression-ignition engines and medium
heavy-duty vehicles. This group comprises the averaging sets listed in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section and 40 CFR 1037.740(a)(2).
(iii) Heavy heavy-duty compression-ignition engines and heavy heavy-
duty vehicles. This group comprises the

[[Page 115]]

averaging sets listed in paragraph (a)(4) of this section and 40 CFR
1037.740(a)(3).
(2) The limit specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section does not
limit the amount of advanced technology credits that can be used within
a service class group if they were generated in that same service class
group.
(d) Credit life. Credits expire after five years.
(e) Other restrictions. Other sections of this part specify
additional restrictions for using emission credits under certain special
provisions.

Sec. 1036.745 End-of-year CO2 credit deficits.

Except as allowed by this section, we may void the certificate of
any engine family certified to an FCL above the applicable standard for
which you do not have sufficient credits by the deadline for submitting
the final report.
(a) Your certificate for an engine family for which you do not have
sufficient CO2 credits will not be void if you remedy the
deficit with surplus credits within three model years. For example, if
you have a credit deficit of 500 Mg for an engine family at the end of
model year 2015, you must generate (or otherwise obtain) a surplus of at
least 500 Mg in that same averaging set by the end of model year 2018.
(b) You may not bank or trade away CO2 credits in the
averaging set in any model year in which you have a deficit.
(c) You may apply only surplus credits to your deficit. You may not
apply credits to a deficit from an earlier model year if they were
generated in a model year for which any of your engine families for that
averaging set had an end-of-year credit deficit.
(d) If you do not remedy the deficit with surplus credits within
three model years, we may void your certificate for that engine family.
We may void the certificate based on your end-of-year report. Note that
voiding a certificate applies ab initio. Where the net deficit is less
than the total amount of negative credits originally generated by the
family, we will void the certificate only with respect to the number of
engines needed to reach the amount of the net deficit. For example, if
the original engine family generated 500 Mg of negative credits, and the
manufacturer's net deficit after three years was 250 Mg, we would void
the certificate with respect to half of the engines in the family.

Sec. 1036.750 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this

subpart?

(a) For each engine family participating in the ABT program, the
certificate of conformity is conditioned upon full compliance with the
provisions of this subpart during and after the model year. You are
responsible to establish to our satisfaction that you fully comply with
applicable requirements. We may void the certificate of conformity for
an engine family if you fail to comply with any provisions of this
subpart.
(b) You may certify your engine family to an FCL above an applicable
standard based on a projection that you will have enough emission
credits to offset the deficit for the engine family. See Sec. 1036.745
for provisions specifying what happens if you cannot show in your final
report that you have enough actual emission credits to offset a deficit
for any pollutant in an engine family.
(c) We may void the certificate of conformity for an engine family
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information we
request. Note that failing to keep records, send reports, or give us
information we request is also a violation of 42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(2).
(d) You may ask for a hearing if we void your certificate under this
section (see Sec. 1036.820).

Sec. 1036.755 Information provided to the Department of Transportation.

After receipt of each manufacturer's final report as specified in
Sec. 1036.730 and completion of any verification testing required to
validate the manufacturer's submitted final data, we will issue a report
to the Department of Transportation with CO2 emission
information and will verify the accuracy of each manufacturer's
equivalent fuel consumption data that required by NHTSA

[[Page 116]]

under 49 CFR 535.8. We will send a report to DOT for each engine
manufacturer based on each regulatory category and subcategory,
including sufficient information for NHTSA to determine fuel consumption
and associated credit values. See 49 CFR 535.8 to determine if NHTSA
deems submission of this information to EPA to also be a submission to
NHTSA.

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1036.801 Definitions.

The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply
to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the
meaning the Act gives to them. The definitions follow:
Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.
Adjustable parameter has the meaning given in 40 CFR part 86.
Advanced technology means technology certified under Sec. 1036.615,
40 CFR 1037.104(d)(7) or 1037.615.
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream
of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to
decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the
environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) and turbochargers are not
aftertreatment.
Aircraft means any vehicle capable of sustained air travel above
treetop heights.
Alcohol-fueled engine mean an engine that is designed to run using
an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do not
include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below 25 percent by volume.
Auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or any
other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.
Averaging set has the meaning given in Sec. 1036.740.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year as described in Sec. 1036.235(d).
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in an engine family for a given pollutant from the applicable
transient and/or steady-state testing, rounded to the same number of
decimal places as the applicable standard. Note that you may have two
certified emission levels for CO2 if you certify a family for
both vocational and tractor use.
Complete vehicle means a vehicle meeting the definition of complete
vehicle in 40 CFR 1037.801 when it is first sold as a vehicle. For
example, where a vehicle manufacturer sells an incomplete vehicle to a
secondary manufacturer, the vehicle is not a complete vehicle under this
part, even after its final assembly.
Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and
other related internal parts.
Criteria pollutants means emissions of NOX, HC, PM, and
CO. Note that these pollutants are also sometimes described collectively
as ``non-greenhouse gas pollutants'', although they do not necessarily
have negligible global warming potentials.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy-Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement
Division (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection

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Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data engine. Note that where no
deterioration factor applies, references in this part to the
deteriorated emission level mean the official emission result.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the
end of useful life (or point of highest emissions if it occurs before
the end of useful life) and emissions at the low-hour/low-mileage test
point, expressed in one of the following ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions
at the end of useful life (or point of highest emissions) to emissions
at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life (or point of highest emissions) and
emissions at the low-hour test point.
Dual-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on two
different types of fuel but not on a continuous mixture of those fuels.
Emission control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants
from an engine.
Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for
certification. This includes engines tested to establish deterioration
factors.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware
and calibration (related to the emission standards) within an engine
family. Engines within a single engine configuration differ only with
respect to normal production variability or factors unrelated to
compliance with emission standards.
Engine family has the meaning given in Sec. 1036.230.
Excluded means relating to engines that are not subject to some or
all of the requirements of this part as follows:
(1) An engine that has been determined not to be a heavy-duty engine
is excluded from this part.
(2) Certain heavy-duty engines are excluded from the requirements of
this part under Sec. 1036.5.
(3) Specific regulatory provisions of this part may exclude a heavy-
duty engine generally subject to this part from one or more specific
standards or requirements of this part.
Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Exhaust-gas recirculation means a technology that reduces emissions
by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion
chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or
during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of
residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with
incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust-gas
recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Family certification level (FCL) means a CO2 emission
level declared by the manufacturer that is at or above emission test
results for all emission-data engines. The FCL serves as the emission
standard for the engine family with respect to certification testing if
it is different than the otherwise applicable standard. The FCL must be
expressed to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard
it replaces.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission
standard (other than CO2 standards) under the ABT program in
subpart H of this part. The FEL must be expressed to the same number of
decimal places as the emission standard it replaces. The FEL serves as
the emission standard for the engine family with respect to all required
testing except certification testing for CO2. The
CO2 FEL is equal to the CO2 FCL multiplied by 1.03
and rounded to the same number of decimal places as the standard (e.g.,
the nearest whole g/hp-hr for the 2016 CO2 standards).

[[Page 118]]

Flexible-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on
any mixture of two or more different types of fuels.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as diesel fuel,
gasoline, or natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single
fuel type, such as premium gasoline, regular gasoline, or gasoline with
10 percent ethanol.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good
engineering judgment.
Greenhouse gas pollutants and greenhouse gases means compounds
regulated under this part based primarily on their impact on the
climate. This includes CO2, CH4, and
N2O.
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) means the value specified by the
vehicle manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single
vehicle, consistent with good engineering judgment.
Heavy-duty engine means any engine which the engine manufacturer
could reasonably expect to be used for motive power in a heavy-duty
vehicle. For purposes of this definition in this part, the term
``engine'' includes internal combustion engines and other devices that
convert chemical fuel into motive power. For example, a fuel cell used
in a heavy-duty vehicle is a heavy-duty engine.
Heavy-duty vehicle means any motor vehicle above 8,500 pounds GVWR
or that has a vehicle curb weight above 6,000 pounds or that has a basic
vehicle frontal area greater than 45 square feet. Curb weight has the
meaning given in 40 CFR 86.1803, consistent with the provisions of 40
CFR 1037.140. Basic vehicle frontal area has the meaning given in 40 CFR
86.1803.
Hybrid engine or hybrid powertrain means an engine or powertrain
that includes energy storage features other than a conventional battery
system or conventional flywheel. Supplemental electrical batteries and
hydraulic accumulators are examples of hybrid energy storage systems.
Note that certain provisions in this part treat hybrid engines and
powertrains intended for vehicles that include regenerative braking
differently than those intended for vehicles that do not include
regenerative braking.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type. For alcohol-fueled engines, HC
means nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE). For all other engines,
HC means nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC).
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular engine from other similar engines.
Incomplete vehicle means a vehicle meeting the definition of
incomplete vehicle in 40 CFR 1037.801 when it is first sold as a
vehicle.
Innovative technology means technology certified under Sec.
1036.610.
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) means a liquid hydrocarbon fuel that
is stored under pressure and is composed primarily of nonmethane
compounds that are gases at atmospheric conditions.
Low-hour means relating to an engine that has stabilized emissions
and represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally
involve less than 125 hours of operation.
Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing,
constructing, and/or assembling a heavy-duty engine or a heavy-duty
vehicle.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures an engine,
vehicle, or piece of equipment for sale in the United States or
otherwise introduces a new engine into commerce in the United States.
This includes importers who import engines or vehicles for resale.
Medium-duty passenger vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR
86.1803.
Model year means the manufacturer's annual new model production
period, except as restricted under this definition. It must include
January 1 of the calendar year for which the model year is named, may
not begin before January 2 of the previous calendar year, and it must
end by December 31 of the named calendar year. Manufacturers may not
adjust model years to circumvent or delay compliance with

[[Page 119]]

emission standards or to avoid the obligation to certify annually.
Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703.
Natural gas means a fuel whose primary constituent is methane.
New motor vehicle engine means a motor vehicle engine meeting the
criteria of either paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition.
(1) A motor vehicle engine for which the ultimate purchaser has
never received the equitable or legal title is a new motor vehicle
engine. This kind of engine might commonly be thought of as ``brand
new'' although a new motor vehicle engine may include previously used
parts. Under this definition, the engine is new from the time it is
produced until the ultimate purchaser receives the title or places it
into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An imported motor vehicle engine is a new motor vehicle engine
if it was originally built on or after January 1, 1970.
Noncompliant engine means an engine that was originally covered by a
certificate of conformity, but is not in the certified configuration or
otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming engine means an engine not covered by a certificate of
conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) means the sum of all hydrocarbon
species except methane, as measured according to 40 CFR part 1065.
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data engine on a given duty cycle before the application of any
deterioration factor, but after the applicability of any required
regeneration adjustment factors.
Owner's manual means a document or collection of documents prepared
by the engine or vehicle manufacturer for the owner or operator to
describe appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any
other information related to operating or keeping the engine. The
owner's manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the
time of sale.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Percent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. Note that this
means percentages identified in this part are assumed to be infinitely
precise without regard to the number of significant figures. For
example, one percent of 1,493 is 14.93.
Petroleum means gasoline or diesel fuel or other fuels normally
derived from crude oil. This does not include methane or LPG.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose.
Primary intended service class has the meaning given in Sec.
1036.140.
Rated power has the meaning given in 40 CFR part 86.
Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) means the component(s) of
a hybrid engine or vehicle that store recovered energy for later use,
such as the battery system in an electric hybrid vehicle.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically
to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing
prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to
correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic
maintenance is not appropriate.
Small manufacturer means a manufacturer meeting the criteria
specified in 13 CFR 121.201. For manufacturers owned by a parent
company, the employee and revenue limits apply to the total number of
employees and total revenue of the parent company and all its
subsidiaries.
Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Steady-state has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.

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Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an engine family for emission testing. This may include
testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
Tractor means a vehicle meeting the definition of ``tractor'' in 40
CFR 1037.801, but not classified as a ``vocational tractor'' under 40
CFR 1037.630, or relating to such a vehicle.
Tractor engine means an engine certified for use in tractors. Where
an engine family is certified for use in both tractors and vocational
vehicles, ``tractor engine'' means an engine that the engine
manufacturer reasonably believes will be (or has been) installed in a
tractor. Note that the provisions of this part may require a
manufacturer to document how it determines that an engine is a tractor
engine.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new engine or vehicle,
the first person who in good faith purchases such new engine or vehicle
for purposes other than resale.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Upcoming model year means for an engine family the model year after
the one currently in production.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engines, subject
to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for which
the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will be
made to ultimate purchasers in the United States. This does not include
engines certified to state emission standards that are different than
the emission standards in this part.
Vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1037.801.
Vocational engine means an engine certified for use in vocational
vehicles. Where an engine family is certified for use in both tractors
and vocational vehicles, ``vocational engine'' means an engine that the
engine manufacturer reasonably believes will be (or has been) installed
in a vocational vehicle. Note that the provisions of this part may
require a manufacturer to document how it determines that an engine is a
vocational engine.
Vocational vehicle means a vehicle meeting the definition of
``vocational'' vehicle in 40 CFR 1037.801.
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.

Sec. 1036.805 Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:
ABT averaging, banking, and trading.
AECD auxiliary emission control device.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials.
BTU British thermal units.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4 methane.
CO carbon monoxide.
CO2 carbon dioxide.
DF deterioration factor.
DOT Department of Transportation.
E85 gasoline blend including nominally 85 percent ethanol.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
FCL Family Certification Level.
FEL Family Emission Limit.
g/hp-hr grams per brake horsepower-hour.
GVWR gross vehicle weight rating.
HC hydrocarbon.
kg kilogram.
kgC kilogram carbon.
kW kilowatts.
lb pound.
lbC pound carbon.
LPG liquefied petroleum gas.
Mg megagrams (10 \6\ grams, or one metric ton).
MJ megajoules.
N2O nitrous oxide.
NARA National Archives and Records Administration.
NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
NOx oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2).
NTE not-to-exceed.
PM particulate matter.
RESS rechargeable energy storage system.
RPM revolutions per minute.
SET Supplemental Emission Test (see 40 CFR 86.1362).

[[Page 121]]

U.S. United States.
U.S.C. United States Code.

Sec. 1036.810 Incorporation by reference.

(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C.
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that
specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must
publish a notice of the change in the Federal Register and the material
must be available to the public. All approved material is available for
inspection at U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center,
1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building, Washington,
DC 20460, (202) 202-1744, and is available from the sources listed
below. It is also available for inspection at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of
this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to http://
www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--
locations.html.
(b) American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959, (610) 832-9585,
http://www.astm.org/.
(1) ASTM D 240-09 Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of
Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter, approved July 1, 2009, IBR
approved for Sec. 1036.530(b).
(2) ASTM D4809-09a Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of
Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method),
approved September 1, 2009, IBR approved for Sec. 1036.530(b).
(3) ASTM D5291-10 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental
Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
and Lubricants, approved May 1, 2010, IBR approved for Sec.
1036.530(b).

Sec. 1036.815 Confidential information.

The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider
confidential.

Sec. 1036.820 Requesting a hearing.

Sec. 1036.825 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

[[Page 122]]

whether or not you are a certificate holder.
(e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping
specified in the applicable regulations. The following items illustrate
the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for engines and
equipment regulated under this part:
(1) We specify the following requirements related to engine
certification in this part 1036:
(i) In Sec. 1036.135 we require engine manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels sent to equipment
manufacturers.
(ii) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of
information required to certify engines.
(iii) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various special compliance provisions.
(iv) In Sec. Sec. 1036.725, 1036.730, and 1036.735 we specify
certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
(2) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1066:
(i) In 40 CFR 1066.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting
information.
(ii) [Reserved]

PART 1037_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW HEAVY DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES--Table of

Contents

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec.
1037.1 Applicability
1037.5 Excluded vehicles.
1037.10 How is this part organized?
1037.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?
1037.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1037.101 Overview of emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles.
1037.102 Exhaust emission standards for NOX, HC, PM, and CO.
1037.104 Exhaust emission standards for CO2, CH4,
and N2O for heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000
pounds GVWR.
1037.105 Exhaust emission standards for CO2 for vocational
vehicles.
1037.106 Exhaust emission standards for CO2 for tractors
above 26,000 pounds GVWR.
1037.115 Other requirements.
1037.120 Emission-related warranty requirements.
1037.125 Maintenance instructions and allowable maintenance.
1037.135 Labeling.
1037.140 Curb weight and roof height.
1037.150 Interim provisions.

Subpart C_Certifying Vehicle families

1037.201 General requirements for obtaining a certificate of conformity.
1037.205 What must I include in my application?
1037.210 Preliminary approval before certification.
1037.220 Amending maintenance instructions.
1037.225 Amending applications for certification.
1037.230 Vehicle families, sub-families, and configurations.
1037.241 Demonstrating compliance with exhaust emission standards for
greenhouse gas pollutants.
1037.250 Reporting and recordkeeping.
1037.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?

Subpart D [Reserved]

Subpart E_In-Use Testing

1037.401 General provisions.

Subpart F_Test and Modeling Procedures

1037.501 General testing and modeling provisions.
1037.510 Duty-cycle exhaust testing.
1037.520 Modeling CO2 emissions to show compliance.
1037.521 Aerodynamic measurements.
1037.525 Special procedures for testing hybrid vehicles with power take-
off.
1037.550 Special procedures for testing post-transmission hybrid
systems.

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

1037.601 What compliance provisions apply to these vehicles?
1037.610 Vehicles with innovative technologies.
1037.615 Hybrid vehicles and other advanced technologies.
1037.620 Shipment of incomplete vehicles to secondary vehicle
manufacturers.
1037.630 Special purpose tractors.
1037.631 Exemption for vocational vehicles intended for off-road use.
1037.640 Variable vehicle speed limiters.

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1037.645 In-use compliance with family emission limits (FELs).
1037.650 Tire manufacturers.
1037.655 Post-useful life vehicle modifications.
1037.660 Automatic engine shutdown systems.

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

1037.701 General provisions.
1037.705 Generating and calculating emission credits.
1037.710 Averaging.
1037.715 Banking.
1037.720 Trading.
1037.725 What must I include in my application for certification?
1037.730 ABT reports.
1037.735 Recordkeeping.
1037.740 Restrictions for using emission credits.
1037.745 End-of-year CO2 credit deficits.
1037.750 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this
subpart?
1037.755 Information provided to the Department of Transportation.

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1037.801 Definitions.
1037.805 Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.
1037.810 Incorporation by reference.
1037.815 Confidential information.
1037.820 Requesting a hearing.
1037.825 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Appendix I to Part 1037--Heavy-duty Transient Chassis Test Cycle
Appendix II to Part 1037--Power Take-Off Test Cycle
Appendix III to Part 1037--Emission Control Identifiers

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401--7671q.

Source: 76 FR 57398, Sept. 15, 2011, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1037.1 Applicability

This part contains standards and other regulations applicable to the
emission of the air pollutant defined as the aggregate group of six
greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane,
hydrofluorocarbons, perflurocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. The
regulations in this part 1037 apply for all new heavy-duty vehicles,
except as provided in Sec. 1037.5. This includes electric vehicles and
vehicles fueled by conventional and alternative fuels.

Sec. 1037.5 Excluded vehicles.

Except for the definitions specified in Sec. 1037.801, this part
does not apply to the following vehicles:
(a) Vehicles not meeting the definition of ``motor vehicle''.
(b) Vehicles excluded from the definition of ``heavy-duty vehicle''
in Sec. 1037.801 because of vehicle weight, weight rating, and frontal
area (such as light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks).
(c) Medium-duty passenger vehicles.
(d) Vehicles produced in model years before 2014, unless they are
certified under Sec. 1037.150.
(e) Vehicles subject to the light-duty greenhouse gas standards of
40 CFR part 86. See 40 CFR 86.1818 for greenhouse gas standards that
apply for these vehicles. An example of such a vehicle would be a
vehicle meeting the definition of ``heavy-duty vehicle'' in Sec.
1037.801 and 40 CFR 86.1803, but also meeting the definition of ``light
truck'' in 40 CFR 86.1818-12(b)(2).

Sec. 1037.10 How is this part organized?

This part 1037 is divided into subparts as described in this
section. Note that only subparts A, B, and I of this part apply for
vehicles subject to the standards of Sec. 1037.104, as described in
that section.
(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of part 1037
and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify vehicles under this part.
Note that Sec. 1037.150 discusses certain interim requirements and
compliance provisions that apply only for a limited time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity for vehicles subject to the standards of Sec. 1037.105 or
Sec. 1037.106.
(d) [Reserved]
(e) Subpart E of this part addresses testing of in-use vehicles.
(f) Subpart F of this part describes how to test your vehicles and
perform emission modeling (including references to other parts of the
Code of

[[Page 124]]

Federal Regulations) for vehicles subject to the standards of Sec.
1037.105 or Sec. 1037.106.
(g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, and other provisions that apply to
manufacturers, owners, operators, rebuilders, and all others. Section
1037.601 describes how 40 CFR part 1068 applies for heavy-duty vehicles.
(h) Subpart H of this part describes how you may generate and use
emission credits to certify vehicles that are subject to the standards
of Sec. 1037.105 or Sec. 1037.106.
(i) Subpart I of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

Sec. 1037.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?

(a) Parts 1065 and 1066 of this chapter describe procedures and
equipment specifications for testing engines and vehicles to measure
exhaust emissions. Subpart F of this part 1037 describes how to apply
the provisions of part 1065 and part 1066 of this chapter to determine
whether vehicles meet the exhaust emission standards in this part.
(b) As described in Sec. 1037.601, certain requirements and
prohibitions of part 1068 of this chapter apply to everyone, including
anyone who manufactures, imports, installs, owns, operates, or rebuilds
any of the vehicles subject to this part 1037. Part 1068 of this chapter
describes general provisions that apply broadly, but do not necessarily
apply for all vehicles or all persons. The issues addressed by these
provisions include these seven areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for manufacturers and others.
(2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.
(3) Exclusions and exemptions for certain vehicles.
(4) Importing vehicles.
(5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(6) Recall.
(7) Procedures for hearings.
(c) Part 86 of this chapter applies for certain vehicles as
specified in this part. For example, the test procedures and most of
part 86, subpart S, applies for vehicles subject to Sec. 1037.104.
(d) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

Sec. 1037.30 Submission of information.

Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1037.801). See Sec. 1037.825 for
additional reporting and recordkeeping provisions.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1037.101 Overview of emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles.

(a) This part specifies emission standards for certain vehicles and
for certain pollutants. It also summarizes other standards that apply
under 40 CFR part 86. This part contains standards and other regulations
applicable to the emission of the air pollutant defined as the aggregate
group of six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane,
hydrofluorocarbons, perflurocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
(b) The regulated emissions are addressed in four groups:
(1) Exhaust emissions of NOX, HC, PM, and CO. These
pollutants are sometimes described collectively as ``criteria
pollutants'' because they are either criteria pollutants under the Clean
Air Act or precursors to the criteria pollutant ozone. These pollutants
are also sometimes described collectively as ``non-greenhouse gas
pollutants'', although they do not necessarily have negligible global
warming potential. As described in Sec. 1037.102, standards for these
pollutants are provided in 40 CFR part 86.
(2) Exhaust emissions of CO2, CH4, and
N2O. These pollutants are described collectively in this part
as ``greenhouse gas pollutants'' because they are regulated primarily
based on their impact on the climate. These standards are provided in
Sec. Sec. 1037.104 through 1037.106.
(3) Hydrofluorocarbons. These pollutants are also ``greenhouse gas
pollutants'' but are treated separately from exhaust greenhouse gas
pollutants listed in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. These standards
are provided in Sec. 1037.115.

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(4) Fuel evaporative emissions. These requirements are described in
40 CFR part 86.
(c) The regulated heavy-duty vehicles are addressed in different
groups as follows:
(1) For criteria pollutants, vehicles are regulated based on gross
vehicle weight rating (GVWR), whether they are considered ``spark-
ignition'' or ``compression-ignition,'' and whether they are first sold
as complete or incomplete vehicles. These groupings apply as described
in 40 CFR part 86.
(2) For greenhouse gas pollutants, vehicles are regulated in the
following groups:
(i) Complete and certain incomplete vehicles at or below 14,000
pounds GVWR (see Sec. 1037.104 for further specification). Certain
provisions of 40 CFR part 86 apply for these vehicles; see Sec.
1037.104(h) for a list of provisions in this part 1037 that also apply
for these vehicles. These provisions may also be optionally applied to
certain other vehicles, as described in Sec. 1037.104.
(ii) Tractors above 26,000 pounds GVWR.
(iii) All other vehicles subject to standards under this part. These
other vehicles are referred to as ``vocational'' vehicles.

Sec. 1037.102 Exhaust emission standards for NOX, HC, PM, and CO.

See 40 CFR part 86 for the exhaust emission standards for
NOX, HC, PM, and CO that apply for heavy-duty vehicles.

Sec. 1037.104 Exhaust emission standards for CO2, CH4, and N2O for heavy-duty

vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR.

This section applies for heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000
pounds GVWR. See paragraph (f) of this section and Sec. 1037.150 of
this section for provisions excluding certain vehicles from this
section, and allowing other vehicles to be certified under this section.
(a) Fleet-average CO2 emission standards. Fleet-average
CO2 emission standards apply for each manufacturer as
follows:
(1) Calculate a work factor, WF, for each vehicle subconfiguration
(or group of subconfigurations allowed under paragraph (a)(4) of this
section), rounded to the nearest pound, using the following equation:

WF = 0.75 x (GVWR - Curb Weight + xwd) + 0.25 x (GCWR - GVWR)
Where:

xwd = 500 pounds if the vehicle has four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive;
xwd = 0 pounds for all other vehicles.

(2) Using the appropriate work factor, calculate a target value for
each vehicle subconfiguration (or group of subconfigurations allowed
under paragraph (a)(4) of this section) you produce using one of the
following equations, rounding to the nearest 0.1 g/mile:
(i) For spark-ignition vehicles: CO2 Target (g/mile) =
0.0440 x WF + 339
(ii) For compression-ignition vehicles and vehicles that operate
without engines (such as electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles):
CO2 Target (g/mile) = 0.0416 x WF + 320
(3) Calculate a production-weighted average of the target values and
round it to the nearest 0.1 g/mile. This is your fleet-average standard.
All vehicles subject to the standards of this section form a single
averaging set. Use the following equation to calculate your fleet-
average standard from the target value for each vehicle subconfiguration
(Targeti) and U.S.-directed production volume of each vehicle
subconfiguration for the given model year (Volumei):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.008

(4) You may group subconfigurations within a configuration together
for purposes of calculating your fleet-average standard as follows:

[[Page 126]]

(i) You may group together subconfigurations that have the same
equivalent test weight (ETW), GVWR, and GCWR. Calculate your work factor
and target value assuming a curb weight equal to two times ETW minus
GVWR.
(ii) You may group together other subconfigurations if you use the
lowest target value calculated for any of the subconfigurations.
(b) Production and in-use CO2 standards. Each vehicle you produce
that is subject to the standards of this section has an ``in-use''
CO2 standard that is calculated from your test result and
that applies for selective enforcement audits and in-use testing. This
in-use CO2 standard for each vehicle is equal to the
applicable deteriorated emission level multiplied by 1.10 and rounded to
the nearest 0.1 g/mile.
(c) N2O and CH4 standards. Except as allowed under this paragraph
(c), all vehicles subject to the standards of this section must comply
with an N2O standard of 0.05 g/mile and a CH4
standard of 0.05 g/mile. You may specify CH4 and/or
N2O alternate standards using CO2 emission credits
instead of these otherwise applicable emission standards for one or more
test groups, consistent with the provisions of 40 CFR 86.1818. To do
this, calculate the CH4 and/or N2O emission
credits needed (negative credits) using the equation in this paragraph
(c) based on the FEL(s) you specify for your vehicles during
certification. You must adjust the calculated emissions by the global
warming potential (GWP): GWP equals 25 for CH4 and 298 for
N2O. This means you must use 25 Mg of positive CO2
credits to offset 1 Mg of negative CH4 credits and 298 Mg of
positive CO2 credits to offset 1 Mg of negative
N2O credits. Note that 40 CFR 86.1818-12(f) does not apply
for vehicles subject to the standards of this section. Calculate credits
using the following equation:

CO2 Credits Needed (Mg) = [(FEL--Std) x (U.S.-directed
production volume) x (Useful Life)] x (GWP) / 1,000,000

(d) Compliance provisions. Except as specified in this paragraph (d)
or elsewhere in this section, the provisions of 40 CFR part 86,
describing compliance with the greenhouse gas standards of 40 CFR part
86, subpart S, apply with respect to the standards of paragraphs (a)
through (c) of this section.
(1) The CO2 standards of this section apply with respect
to CO2 emissions, not with respect to carbon-related exhaust
emissions (CREE).
(2) Vehicles subject to the standards of this section are included
in a single greenhouse gas averaging set separate from any averaging
sets otherwise included in 40 CFR part 86.
(3) Special credit and incentive provisions related to flexible fuel
vehicles and air conditioning in 40 CFR part 86 do not apply for
vehicles subject to the standards of this section.
(4) The CO2, N2O, and CH4 standards
apply for a weighted average of the city (55%) and highway (45%) test
cycle results as specified for light-duty vehicles in 40 CFR part 86,
subpart S. Note that this differs from the way the criteria pollutant
standards apply for heavy-duty vehicles.
(5) Apply an additive deterioration factor of zero to measured
CO2 emissions unless good engineering judgment indicates that
emissions are likely to deteriorate in use. Use good engineering
judgment to develop separate deterioration factors for N2O
and CH4.
(6) Credits are calculated using the useful life value (in miles) in
place of the ``vehicle lifetime miles'' specified in 40 CFR part 86,
subpart S.
(7) Credits generated from hybrid vehicles with regenerative braking
or from vehicles with other advanced technologies may be used to show
compliance with any standards of this part or 40 CFR part 1036, subject
to the service class restrictions in Sec. 1037.740. Include these
vehicles in a separate fleet-average calculation (and exclude them from
your conventional fleet-average calculation). You must first apply these
advanced technology vehicle credits to any deficits for other vehicles
in the averaging set before applying them to other averaging sets.
(8) The provisions of 40 CFR 86.1818 do not apply.
(9) Calculate your fleet-average emission rate consistent with good
engineering judgment and the provisions of 40 CFR 86.1865. The following
additional provisions apply:

[[Page 127]]

(i) Unless we approve a lower number, you must test at least ten
subconfigurations. If you produce more than 100 subconfigurations in a
given model year, you must test at least ten percent of your
subconfigurations. For purposes of this paragraph (d)(9)(i), count
carryover tests, but do not include analytically derived CO2
emission rates, data substitutions, or other untested allowances. We may
approve a lower number of tests for manufacturers that have limited
product offerings, or low sales volumes. Note that good engineering
judgment and other provisions of this part may require you to test more
subconfigurations than these minimum values.
(ii) The provisions of paragraph (g) of this section specify how you
may use analytically derived CO2 emission rates.
(iii) At least 90 percent of final production volume at the
configuration level must be represented by test data (real, data
substituted, or analytical).
(10) For dual fuel, multi-fuel, and flexible fuel vehicles, perform
exhaust testing on each fuel type (for example, gasoline and E85).
(i) For your fleet-average calculations, use either the
conventional-fueled CO2 emission rate or a weighted average
of your emission results as specified in 40 CFR 600.510-12(k) for light-
duty trucks.
(ii) If you certify to an alternate standard for N2O or
CH4 emissions, you may not exceed the alternate standard when
tested on either fuel.
(11) Test your vehicles with an equivalent test weight based on its
Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight (ALVW). Determine equivalent test weight
from the ALVW as specified in 40 CFR 86.129, except that you may round
values to the nearest 500 pound increment for ALVW above 14,000 pounds).
(12) The following definitions apply for purposes of this section:
(i) Configuration means a subclassification within a test group
which is based on engine code, transmission type and gear ratios, final
drive ratio, and other parameters which we designate. Note that this
differs from the definition in 40 CFR 86.1803 because it excludes
inertia weight class as a criterion.
(ii) Subconfiguration means a unique combination within a vehicle
configuration (as defined in this paragraph (d)(12)) of equivalent test
weight, road-load horsepower, and any other operational characteristics
or parameters that we determine may significantly affect CO2
emissions within a vehicle configuration.
(iii) The terms ``complete vehicle'' and ``incomplete vehicle'' have
the meanings given for ``complete heavy-duty vehicle'' and ``incomplete
heavy-duty vehicle'' in 40 CFR 86.1803.
(13) This paragraph (d)(13) applies for CO2 reductions
resulting from technologies that were not in common use before 2010 that
are not reflected in the specified test procedures. We may allow you to
generate emission credits consistent with the provisions of 40 CFR
86.1866-12(d). You do not need to provide justification for not using
the 5-cycle methodology option.
(14) You must submit pre-model year reports before you submit your
applications for certification for a given model year. Unless we specify
otherwise, include the information specified for pre-model year reports
in 49 CFR 535.8.
(e) Useful life. Your vehicles must meet the exhaust emission
standards of this section throughout their full useful life, expressed
in service miles or calendar years, whichever comes first. The useful
life values for the standards of this section are those that apply for
criteria pollutants under 40 CFR part 86.
(f) Exclusion of vehicles not certified as complete vehicles. The
standards of this section apply for each vehicle that is chassis-
certified with respect to criteria pollutants under 40 CFR part 86,
subpart S. The standards of this section do not apply for other
vehicles, except as noted in Sec. 1037.150. Note that vehicles excluded
under this paragraph (f) are not considered to be ``subject to the
standards of this section.'' The vehicle standards and requirements of
Sec. 1037.105 apply for the excluded vehicles. The GHG standards of 40
CFR part 1036 also apply for engines used in these excluded vehicles. If
you are not the engine manufacturer, you must notify the engine
manufacturer that its engines are subject to 40 CFR part 1036

[[Page 128]]

because you intend to use their engines in your excluded vehicles.
(g) Analytically derived CO2 emission rates (ADCs). This
paragraph (g) describes an allowance to use estimated (i.e.,
analytically derived) CO2 emission rates based on baseline
test data instead of measured emission rates for calculating fleet-
average emissions. Note that these ADCs are similar to ADFEs used for
light-duty vehicles. Note also that F terms used in this paragraph (g)
represent coefficients from the following road load equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.009

(1) Except as specified in paragraph (g)(2) of this section, use the
following equation to calculate the ADC of a new vehicle from road load
force coefficients (F0, F1, F2), axle ratio, and test weight:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.010

Where:

ADC = Analytically derived combined city/highway CO2 emission
rate (g/mile) for a new vehicle.
CO2base = Combined city/highway CO2 emission rate
(g/mile) of a baseline vehicle.
[Delta]F0 = F0 of the new vehicle--F0 of the baseline vehicle.
[Delta]F1 = F1 of the new vehicle--F1 of the baseline vehicle.
[Delta]F2 = F2 of the new vehicle--F2 of the baseline vehicle.
[Delta]AR = Axle ratio of the new vehicle--axle ratio of the baseline
vehicle.

[Delta]ETW = ETW of the new vehicle--ETW of the baseline vehicle.

(2) The purpose of this section is to accurately estimate
CO2 emission rates. You must apply the provisions of this
section consistent with good engineering judgment. For example, do not
use the equation in paragraph (g)(1) of this section where good
engineering judgment indicates that it will not accurately estimate
emissions. You may ask us to approve alternate equations that allow you
to estimate emissions more accurately.
(3) You may select, without our prior approval, baseline test data
that meet all the following criteria:
(i) Vehicles considered for selection for the baseline test must
comply with all applicable emission standards in the model year
associated with the ADC.
(ii) You must include in the pool of tests which will be considered
for baseline selection all official tests of the same or equivalent
basic engine, transmission class, engine code, transmission code, engine
horsepower, dynamometer drive wheels, and compression ratio as the ADC
subconfiguration. Do not include tests in which emissions exceed any
applicable standards.
(iii) Where necessary to minimize the CO2 adjustment, you
may supplement the pool with tests associated with worst-case engine or
transmission codes and carryover or carry-across engine families. If you
do, all the data that qualify for inclusion using the elected worst-case
substitution (or carryover or carry-across) must be included in the pool
as supplemental data (i.e., individual test vehicles may not be selected
for inclusion). You must also include the supplemental data in all
subsequent pools, where applicable.
(iv) Tests previously used during the subject model year as baseline
tests in ten other ADC subconfigurations must be eliminated from the
pool. (v) Select the tested subconfiguration with the smallest absolute
difference between the ADC and the test CO2 emission rate for
combined emissions. Use this as the baseline test for the target ADC
subconfiguration.
(4) You may ask us to allow you use baseline test data not fully
meeting the provisions of paragraph (g)(3) of this section.

[[Page 129]]

(5) Calculate the ADC rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/mile. The
downward adjustment of ADC from the baseline is limited to ADC values 20
percent below the baseline emission rate (i.e., baseline emission rate x
0.80). The upward adjustment is not limited.
(6) You may not submit an ADC if an actual test has been run on the
target subconfiguration during the certification process or on a
development vehicle that is eligible to be declared as an emission-data
vehicle.
(7) No more than 40 percent of the subconfigurations tested in your
final CO2 submission may be represented by ADCs.
(8) You must retain for five years the pool of tests, the vehicle
description and tests chosen as the baseline and the basis for its
selection, the target ADC subconfiguration, and the calculated emission
rates. We may ask to see these records at any time.
(9) We may perform or order a confirmatory test of any
subconfiguration covered by an ADC.
(10) Where we determine that you did not fully comply with the
provisions of this paragraph (g), we may rescind the use of ADC data,
require generation of actual test data, and require recalculation of
your fleet-average emission rate.
(h) Applicability of part 1037 provisions. Except as specified in
this section, the requirements of this part do not apply to vehicles
certified to the standards of this section. The following provisions are
the only provisions of this part that apply to vehicles certified under
this section:
(1) The provisions of this section.
(2) [Reserved]
(3) The air conditioning standards in Sec. 1037.115.
(4) The interim provisions of Sec. 1037.150(a), (b), (c), (e)-(i),
(l), and (m).
(5) The definitions of Sec. 1037.801, to the extent such terms are
used relative to vehicles subject to standards under this section.

Sec. 1037.105 Exhaust emission standards for CO2 for vocational vehicles.

(a) The standards of this section apply for the following vehicles:
(1) Vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR and at or below 26,000 pounds
GVWR, but not certified to the vehicle standards Sec. 1037.104.
(2) Vehicles above 26,000 pounds GVWR that are not tractors.
(3) Vocational tractors.
(4) Vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR that are excluded from
the standards in Sec. 1037.104 under Sec. 1037.104 (f) or use engines
certified under Sec. 1037.150(m).
(b) The CO2 standards of this section are given in Table
1 to this section. The provisions of Sec. 1037.241 specify how to
comply with these standards.

Table 1 to Sec. 1037.105--CO2 Standards for Vocational Vehicles
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO2 standard
(g/ton-mile) CO2 standard
GVWR (pounds) for model (g/ton-mile)
years 2014- for model year
2016 2017 and later
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GVWR <= 19,500.......................... 388 373
19,500 < GVWR <= 33,000................. 234 225
33,000 < GVWR........................... 226 222
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) No CH4 or N2O standards apply under this
section. See 40 CFR part 1036 for CH4 or N2O
standards that apply to engines used in these vehicles.
(d) You may generate or use emission credits under the ABT program
as described in subpart H of this part. This requires that you specify a
Family Emission Limit (FEL) for CO2 for each vehicle
subfamily. The FEL may not be less than the result of emission modeling
from Sec. 1037.520. These FELs serve as the emission standards for the
vehicle subfamily instead of the standards specified in paragraph (b) of
this section.
(e) Your vehicles must meet the exhaust emission standards of this
section throughout their full useful life, expressed in service miles or
calendar years, whichever comes first. The following useful life values
apply for the standards of this section:
(1) 110,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first, for vehicles
at or below 19,500 pounds GVWR.
(2) 185,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first, for vehicles
above 19,500 pounds GVWR and at or below 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(3) 435,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first, for vehicles
above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(f) See Sec. 1037.631 for provisions that exempt certain vehicles
used in off-

[[Page 130]]

road operation from the standards of this section.
(g) You may optionally certify a vocational vehicle to the standards
and useful life applicable to a higher vehicle service class (such as
medium heavy-duty instead of light heavy-duty), provided you do not
generate credits with the vehicle. If you include smaller vehicles in a
credit-generating subfamily (with an FEL below the standard), exclude
its production volume from the credit calculation.

Sec. 1037.106 Exhaust emission standards for CO2 for tractors above 26,000

pounds GVWR.

(a) The CO2 standards of this section apply for tractors
above 26,000 pounds GVWR. Note that the standards of this section do not
apply for vehicles classified as ``vocational tractors'' under Sec.
1037.630,
(b) The CO2 standards for tractors above 26,000 pounds
GVWR are given in Table 1 to this section. The provisions of Sec.
1037.241 specify how to comply with these standards.

Table 1 to Sec. 1037.106--CO2 Standards for Tractors Above 26,000 Pounds GVWR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO2 standard
(g/ton-mile) CO2 standard
GVWR (pounds) Sub-category for model (g/ton-mile)
years 2014- for model year
2016 2017 and later
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26,000 < GVWR <= 33,000....................... Low-Roof (all cab styles)....... 107 104
Mid-Roof (all cab styles)....... 119 115
High-Roof (all cab styles)...... 124 120
GVWR 33,000....................... Low-Roof Day Cab................ 81 80
Low-Roof Sleeper Cab............ 68 66
Mid-Roof Day Cab................ 88 86
Mid-Roof Sleeper Cab............ 76 73
High-Roof Day Cab............... 92 89
High-Roof Sleeper Cab........... 75 72
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) No CH4 or N2O standards apply under this
section. See 40 CFR part 1036 for CH4 or N2O
standards that apply to engines used in these vehicles.
(d) You may generate or use emission credits under the ABT program,
as described in subpart H of this part. This requires that you specify a
Family Emission Limit (FEL) for each pollutant you include in the ABT
program for each vehicle subfamily. The FEL may not be less than the
result of emission modeling from Sec. 1037.520. These FELs serve as the
emission standards for the specific vehicle subfamily instead of the
standards specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
(e) Your vehicles must meet the exhaust emission standards of this
section throughout their full useful life, expressed in service miles or
calendar years, whichever comes first. The following useful life values
apply for the standards of this section:
(1) 185,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first, for vehicles
at or below 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(2) 435,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first, for vehicles
above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(f) You may optionally certify a tractor to the standards and useful
life applicable to a higher vehicle service class (such as heavy heavy-
duty instead of medium heavy-duty), provided you do not generate credits
with the vehicle. If you include smaller vehicles in a credit-generating
subfamily (with an FEL below the standard), exclude its production
volume from the credit calculation.

Sec. 1037.115 Other requirements.

Vehicles required to meet the emission standards of this part must
meet the following additional requirements, except as noted elsewhere in
this part:
(a) Adjustable parameters. Vehicles that have adjustable parameters
must meet all the requirements of this part for any adjustment in the
physically adjustable range. We may require that you set adjustable
parameters to any specification within the adjustable range during any
testing. See 40 CFR

[[Page 131]]

part 86 for information related to determining whether or not an
operating parameter is considered adjustable. You must ensure safe
vehicle operation throughout the physically adjustable range of each
adjustable parameter, including consideration of production tolerances.
Note that adjustable roof fairings are deemed not to be adjustable
parameters.
(b) Prohibited controls. You may not design your vehicles with
emission control devices, systems, or elements of design that cause or
contribute to an unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety
while operating. For example, this would apply if the vehicle emits a
noxious or toxic substance it would otherwise not emit that contributes
to such an unreasonable risk.
(c) Air conditioning leakage. Loss of refrigerant from your air
conditioning systems may not exceed 1.50 percent per year, except as
allowed by paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) of this section. Calculate the
total leakage rate in g/year as specified in 40 CFR 86.166. Calculate
the percent leakage rate as: [total leakage rate (g/yr)] / [total
refrigerant capacity (g)] x 100. Round your leakage rate to the nearest
one-hundredth of a percent. See Sec. 1037.150 for vocational vehicles.
(1) For purpose of this requirement, ``refrigerant capacity'' is the
total mass of refrigerant recommended by the vehicle manufacturer as
representing a full charge. Where full charge is specified as a
pressure, use good engineering judgment to convert the pressure and
system volume to a mass.
(2) If your system uses a refrigerant other than HFC-134a, adjust
your leakage rate by multiplying it by the global warming potential of
your refrigerant and dividing the product by 1430 (which is the global
warming potential of HFC-134a). Apply this adjustment before comparing
your leakage rate to the standard. Determine global warming potentials
consistent with 40 CFR 86.1866. Note that global warming potentials
represent the equivalent grams of CO2 that would have the
same global warming impact (over 100 years) as one gram of the
refrigerant.
(3) If your total refrigerant capacity is less than 734 grams, your
leakage rate may exceed 1.50 percent, as long as the total leakage rate
does not exceed 11.0 g/yr. If your system uses a refrigerant other than
HFC-134a, you may adjust your leakage rate as specified in paragraph
(c)(2) of this section.

Sec. 1037.120 Emission-related warranty requirements.

(a) General requirements. You must warrant to the ultimate purchaser
and each subsequent purchaser that the new vehicle, including all parts
of its emission control system, meets two conditions:
(1) It is designed, built, and equipped so it conforms at the time
of sale to the ultimate purchaser with the requirements of this part.
(2) It is free from defects in materials and workmanship that cause
the vehicle to fail to conform to the requirements of this part during
the applicable warranty period.
(b) Warranty period. (1) Your emission-related warranty must be
valid for at least:
(i) 5 years or 50,000 miles for spark-ignition vehicles and light
heavy-duty vehicles.
(ii) 5 years or 100,000 miles for medium and heavy heavy-duty
vehicles.
(iii) 2 years or 24,000 miles for tires.
(2) You may offer an emission-related warranty more generous than we
require. The emission-related warranty for the vehicle may not be
shorter than any basic mechanical warranty you provide to that owner
without charge for the vehicle. Similarly, the emission-related warranty
for any component may not be shorter than any warranty you provide to
that owner without charge for that component. This means that your
warranty for a given vehicle may not treat emission-related and non-
emission-related defects differently for any component. The warranty
period begins when the vehicle is placed into service.
(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers vehicle
speed limiters, idle shutdown systems, fairings, and hybrid system
components, to the extent such emission-related components are included
in the certified emission controls. The emission-related warranty covers
all components whose failure would increase a

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vehicle's emissions of air conditioning refrigerants for vehicles
subject to air conditioning leakage standards. The emission-related
warranty covers tires and all components whose failure would increase a
vehicle's evaporative emissions (for vehicles subject to evaporative
emission standards). The emission-related warranty covers these
components even if another company produces the component. Your
emission-related warranty does not need to cover components whose
failure would not increase a vehicle's emissions of any regulated
pollutant.
(d) Limited applicability. You may deny warranty claims under this
section if the operator caused the problem through improper maintenance
or use, as described in 40 CFR 1068.115.
(e) Owner's manual. Describe in the owners manual the emission-
related warranty provisions from this section that apply to the vehicle.

Sec. 1037.125 Maintenance instructions and allowable maintenance.

Give the ultimate purchaser of each new vehicle written instructions
for properly maintaining and using the vehicle, including the emission
control system. The maintenance instructions also apply to service
accumulation on any of your emission-data vehicles. See paragraph (i) of
this section for requirements related to tire replacement.
(a) Critical emission-related maintenance. Critical emission-related
maintenance includes any adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of
critical emission-related components. This may also include additional
emission-related maintenance that you determine is critical if we
approve it in advance. You may schedule critical emission-related
maintenance on these components if you demonstrate that the maintenance
is reasonably likely to be done at the recommended intervals on in-use
vehicles. We will accept scheduled maintenance as reasonably likely to
occur if you satisfy any of the following conditions:
(1) You present data showing that, if a lack of maintenance
increases emissions, it also unacceptably degrades the vehicle's
performance.
(2) You present survey data showing that at least 80 percent of
vehicles in the field get the maintenance you specify at the recommended
intervals.
(3) You provide the maintenance free of charge and clearly say so in
your maintenance instructions.
(4) You otherwise show us that the maintenance is reasonably likely
to be done at the recommended intervals.
(b) Recommended additional maintenance. You may recommend any
additional amount of maintenance on the components listed in paragraph
(a) of this section, as long as you state clearly that these maintenance
steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related warranty valid. If
operators do the maintenance specified in paragraph (a) of this section,
but not the recommended additional maintenance, this does not allow you
to disqualify those vehicles from in-use testing or deny a warranty
claim. Do not take these maintenance steps during service accumulation
on your emission-data vehicles.
(c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance
to address problems related to special situations, such as atypical
vehicle operation. You must clearly state that this additional
maintenance is associated with the special situation you are addressing.
We may disapprove your maintenance instructions if we determine that you
have specified special maintenance steps to address vehicle operation
that is not atypical, or that the maintenance is unlikely to occur in
use. If we determine that certain maintenance items do not qualify as
special maintenance under this paragraph (c), you may identify this as
recommended additional maintenance under paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Noncritical emission-related maintenance. Subject to the
provisions of this paragraph (d), you may schedule any amount of
emission-related inspection or maintenance that is not covered by
paragraph (a) of this section (that is, maintenance that is neither
explicitly identified as critical emission-related maintenance, nor that
we approve as critical emission-related maintenance). Noncritical
emission-related maintenance generally includes maintenance on the
components we specify in 40

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CFR part 1068, appendix I, that is not covered in paragraph (a) of this
section. You must state in the owners manual that these steps are not
necessary to keep the emission-related warranty valid. If operators fail
to do this maintenance, this does not allow you to disqualify those
vehicles from in-use testing or deny a warranty claim. Do not take these
inspection or maintenance steps during service accumulation on your
emission-data vehicles.
(e) Maintenance that is not emission-related. For maintenance
unrelated to emission controls, you may schedule any amount of
inspection or maintenance. You may also take these inspection or
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data
vehicles, as long as they are reasonable and technologically necessary.
You may perform this non-emission-related maintenance on emission-data
vehicles at the least frequent intervals that you recommend to the
ultimate purchaser (but not the intervals recommended for severe
service).
(f) Source of parts and repairs. State clearly on the first page of
your written maintenance instructions that a repair shop or person of
the owner's choosing may maintain, replace, or repair emission control
devices and systems. Your instructions may not require components or
service identified by brand, trade, or corporate name. Also, do not
directly or indirectly condition your warranty on a requirement that the
vehicle be serviced by your franchised dealers or any other service
establishments with which you have a commercial relationship. You may
disregard the requirements in this paragraph (f) if you do one of two
things:
(1) Provide a component or service without charge under the purchase
agreement.
(2) Get us to waive this prohibition in the public's interest by
convincing us the vehicle will work properly only with the identified
component or service.
(g) [Reserved]
(h) Owner's manual. Explain the owner's responsibility for proper
maintenance in the owner's manual.
(i) Tire maintenance and replacement. Include instructions that will
enable the owner to replace tires so that the vehicle conforms to the
original certified vehicle configuration.

Sec. 1037.135 Labeling.

(a) Assign each vehicle a unique identification number and
permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way.
The vehicle identification number (VIN) serves this purpose.
(b) At the time of manufacture, affix a permanent and legible label
identifying each vehicle. The label must be--
(1) Attached in one piece so it is not removable without being
destroyed or defaced.
(2) Secured to a part of the vehicle needed for normal operation and
not normally requiring replacement.
(3) Durable and readable for the vehicle's entire life.
(4) Written in English.
(c) The label must--
(1) Include the heading ``VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may identify
another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you comply
with the branding provisions of 40 CFR 1068.45.
(3) Include EPA's standardized designation for the vehicle family.
(4) State the regulatory sub-category that determines the applicable
emission standards for the vehicle family (see definition in Sec.
1037.801).
(5) State the date of manufacture [DAY (optional), MONTH, and YEAR].
You may omit this from the label if you stamp, engrave, or otherwise
permanently identify it elsewhere on the engine, in which case you must
also describe in your application for certification where you will
identify the date on the engine.
(6) Identify the emission control system. Use terms and
abbreviations as described in appendix III to this part or other
applicable conventions.
(7) Identify any requirements for fuel and lubricants that do not
involve fuel-sulfur levels.
(8) State: ``THIS VEHICLE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR
[MODEL YEAR] HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES.''

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(9) Include the following statement, if applicable: ``THIS VEHICLE
IS DESIGNED TO COMPLY WITH EVAPORATIVE EMISSION STANDARDS WITH UP TO x
GALLONS OF FUEL TANK CAPACITY.'' Complete this statement by identifying
the maximum specified fuel tank capacity associated with your
certification.
(d) You may add information to the emission control information
label to identify other emission standards that the vehicle meets or
does not meet (such as European standards). You may also add other
information to ensure that the vehicle will be properly maintained and
used.
(e) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
part 1037 if you show that it is necessary or appropriate. We will
approve your request if your alternate label is consistent with the
requirements of this part.

Sec. 1037.140 Curb weight and roof height.

(a) Where applicable, a vehicle's curb weight and roof height are
determined from nominal design specifications, as provided in this
section. Round the weight to the nearest pound and height to the nearest
inch. Base roof height on fully inflated tires having a static loaded
radius equal to the arithmetic mean of the largest and smallest static
loaded radius of tires you offer or a standard tire we approve.
(b) The nominal design specifications must be within the range of
the actual weights and roof heights of production vehicles considering
normal production variability. If after production begins it is
determined that your nominal design specifications do not represent
production vehicles, we may require you to amend your application for
certification under Sec. 1037.225.
(c) If your vehicle is equipped with an adjustable roof fairing,
measure the roof height with the fairing in its lowest setting.

Sec. 1037.150 Interim provisions.

The provisions in this section apply instead of other provisions in
this part.
(a) Incentives for early introduction. The provisions of this
paragraph (a) apply with respect to vehicles produced in model years
before 2014. Manufacturers may voluntarily certify in model year 2013
(or earlier model years for electric vehicles) to the greenhouse gas
standards of this part.
(1) This paragraph (a)(1) applies for regulatory sub-categories
subject to the standards of Sec. 1037.105 or Sec. 1037.106. Except as
specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, to generate early credits
under this paragraph for any vehicles other than electric vehicles, you
must certify your entire U.S.-directed production volume within the
regulatory sub-category to these standards. Except as specified in
paragraph (a)(4) of this section, if some vehicle families within a
regulatory sub-category are certified after the start of the model year,
you may generate credits only for production that occurs after all
families are certified. For example, if you produce three vehicle
families in an averaging set and you receive your certificates for those
families on January 4, 2013, March 15, 2013, and April 24, 2013, you may
not generate credits for model year 2013 production in any of the
families that occurs before April 24, 2013. Calculate credits relative
to the standard that would apply in model year 2014 using the equations
in subpart H of this part. You may bank credits equal to the surplus
credits you generate under this paragraph (a) multiplied by 1.50. For
example, if you have 1.0 Mg of surplus credits for model year 2013, you
may bank 1.5 Mg of credits. Credit deficits for an averaging set prior
to model year 2014 do not carry over to model year 2014. These credits
may be used to show compliance with the standards of this part for 2014
and later model years. We recommend that you notify EPA of your intent
to use this provision before submitting your applications.
(2) This paragraph (a)(2) applies for regulatory sub-categories
subject to the standards of Sec. 1037.104. To generate early credits
under this paragraph (a)(2) for any vehicles other than electric
vehicles, you must certify your entire U.S.-directed production volume
within the regulatory sub-category to these standards. If you calculate
a separate fleet average for advanced-technology vehicles under Sec.
1037.104(c)(7),

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you must certify your entire U.S.-directed production volume of both
advanced and conventional vehicles within the regulatory sub-category.
Except as specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, if some test
groups are certified after the start of the model year, you may generate
credits only for production that occurs after all test groups are
certified. For example, if you produce three test groups in an averaging
set and you receive your certificates for those test groups on January
4, 2013, March 15, 2013, and April 24, 2013, you may not generate
credits for model year 2013 production in any of the test groups that
occurs before April 24, 2013. Calculate credits relative to the standard
that would apply in model year 2014 using the applicable equations in 40
CFR part 86 and your model year 2013 U.S.-directed production volumes.
These credits may be used to show compliance with the standards of this
part for 2014 and later model years. We recommend that you notify EPA of
your intent to use this provision before submitting your applications.
(3) You may generate emission credits for the number of additional
SmartWay designated tractors (relative to your 2012 production),
provided you do not generate credits for those vehicles under paragraph
(a)(1) of this section. Calculate credits for each regulatory sub-
category relative to the standard that would apply in model year 2014
using the equations in subpart H of this part. Use a production volume
equal to the number of designated model year 2013 SmartWay tractors
minus the number of designated model year 2012 SmartWay tractors. You
may bank credits equal to the surplus credits you generate under this
paragraph (a)(3) multiplied by 1.50. Your 2012 and 2013 model years must
be equivalent in length.
(4) This paragraph (a)(4) applies where you do not receive your
final certificate in a regulatory sub-category within 30 days of
submitting your final application for that sub-category. Calculate your
credits for all production that occurs 30 days or more after you submit
your final application for the sub-category.
(b) Phase-in provisions. Each manufacturer must choose one of the
following options for phasing in the standards of Sec. 1037.104:
(1) To implement the phase-in under this paragraph (b)(1), the
standards in Sec. 1037.104 apply as specified for model year 2018, with
compliance for vehicles in model years 2014 through 2017 based on the
CO2 target values specified in the following table:

Table 1 to Sec. 1037.150
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model year and engine cycle Alternate CO2 target (g/mile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2014 Spark-Ignition................ [0.0482 x (WF)] + 371
2015 Spark-Ignition................ [0.0479 x (WF)] + 369
2016 Spark-Ignition................ [0.0469 x (WF)] + 362
2017 Spark-Ignition................ [0.0460 x (WF)] + 354
2014 Compression-Ignition.......... [0.0478 x (WF)] + 368
2015 Compression-Ignition.......... [0.0474 x (WF)] + 366
2016 Compression-Ignition.......... [0.0460 x (WF)] + 354
2017 Compression-Ignition.......... [0.0445 x (WF)] + 343
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) To implement the phase-in under this paragraph (b)(2), the
standards in Sec. 1037.104 apply as specified for model year 2019, with
compliance for vehicles in model years 2014 through 2018 based on the
CO2 target values specified in the following table:

Table 2 to Sec. 1037.150
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model year and engine cycle Alternate CO2 target (g/mile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2014 Spark-Ignition................ [0.0482 x (WF)] + 371
2015 Spark-Ignition................ [0.0479 x (WF)] + 369
2016-2018 Spark-Ignition........... [0.0456 x (WF)] + 352
2014 Compression-Ignition.......... [0.0478 x (WF)] + 368
2015 Compression-Ignition.......... [0.0474 x (WF)] + 366

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2016-2018 Compression-Ignition..... [0.0440 x (WF)] + 339
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) Provisions for small manufacturers. Manufacturers meeting the
small business criteria specified in 13 CFR 121.201 for ``Heavy Duty
Truck Manufacturing'' are not subject to the greenhouse gas standards of
Sec. Sec. 1037.104 through 1037.106, as specified in this paragraph
(c). Qualifying manufacturers must notify the Designated Compliance
Officer each model year before introducing these excluded vehicles into
U.S. commerce. This notification must include a description of the
manufacturer's qualification as a small business under 13 CFR 121.201.
You must label your excluded vehicles with the following statement:
``THIS VEHICLE IS EXCLUDED UNDER 40 CFR 1037.150(c).''.
(d) Air conditioning leakage for vocational vehicles. The air
conditioning leakage standard of Sec. 1037.115 does not apply for
vocational vehicles.
(e) Model year 2014 N2O standards. In model year 2014 and
earlier, manufacturers may show compliance with the N2O
standards using an engineering analysis. This allowance also applies for
later test groups families carried over from model 2014 consistent with
the provisions of 40 CFR 86.1839. You may not certify to an
N2O FEL different than the standard without measuring
N2O emissions.
(f) Electric vehicles. All electric vehicles are deemed to have zero
emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O. No
emission testing is required for electric vehicles.
(g) Compliance date. Compliance with the standards of this part is
optional prior to January 1, 2014. This means that if your 2014 model
year begins before January 1, 2014, you may certify for a partial model
year that begins on January 1, 2014 and ends on the day your model year
would normally end. You must label model year 2014 vehicles excluded
under this paragraph (g) with the following statement: ``THIS VEHICLE IS
EXCLUDED UNDER 40 CFR 1037.150(g).''
(h) Off-road vehicle exemption. In unusual circumstances, vehicle
manufacturers may ask us to exempt vehicles under Sec. 1037.631 based
on other criteria that are equivalent to those specified in Sec.
1037.631(a). For example, we would normally not grant relief in cases
where the vehicle manufacturer had credits or other compliant tires were
available.
(i) Credit multiplier for advanced technology. If you generate
credits from vehicles certified with advanced technology, you may
multiply these credits by 1.50, except that you may not apply this
multiplier in addition to the early-credit multiplier of paragraph (a)
of this section.
(j) Limited prohibition related to early model year engines. The
prohibition in Sec. 1037.601 against introducing into U.S. commerce a
vehicle containing an engine not certified to the standards of this part
does not apply for vehicles using model year 2014 or 2015 spark-ignition
engines, or any model year 2013 or earlier engines.
(k) Verifying drag areas from in-use vehicles. We may measure the
drag area of your vehicles after they have been placed into service.
Your vehicle conforms to the regulations of this part with respect to
aerodynamic performance if we measure its drag area to be at or below
the maximum drag area allowed for the bin to which that configuration
was certified. To account for measurement variability, your vehicle is
also deemed to conform to the regulations of this part with respect to
aerodynamic performance if we measure its drag area to at or below the
maximum drag area allowed for the bin above the bin to which you
certified (for example, Bin II if you certified the vehicle to Bin III),
unless we determine that you knowingly produced the vehicle to have a
higher drag area than is allowed for the bin to which it was certified.
(l) Optional certification under Sec. 1037.104. You may certify
certain complete or cab-complete vehicles to the standards of Sec.
1037.104. All vehicles optionally certified under this paragraph

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(l) are deemed to be subject to the standards of Sec. 1037.104. Note
that certification under this paragraph (l) does not affect how you may
or may not certify with respect to criteria pollutants. For example,
certifying a Class 4 vehicle under this paragraph does not allow you to
chassis-certify these vehicles with respect to criteria emissions.
(1) You may certify complete or cab-complete spark-ignition vehicles
to the standards of Sec. 1037.104.
(2) You may apply the provisions of Sec. 1037.104 to cab-complete
vehicles based on a complete sister vehicle. In unusual circumstances,
you may ask us to apply these provisions to Class 2b or 3 incomplete
vehicles that do not meet the definition of cab-complete. Except as
specified in paragraph (l)(3) of this section, for purposes of Sec.
1037.104, a complete sister vehicle is a complete vehicle of the same
vehicle configuration (as defined in Sec. 1037.104) as the cab-complete
vehicle. Calculate the target value under Sec. 1037.104(a) based on the
same work factor value that applies for the complete sister vehicle.
Test these cab-complete vehicles using the same equivalent test weight
and other dynamometer settings that apply for the complete vehicle from
which you used the work factor value. For certification, you may submit
the test data from that complete sister vehicle instead of performing
the test on the cab-complete vehicle. You are not required to produce
the complete sister vehicle for sale to use the provisions of this
paragraph (l)(2). This means the complete sister vehicle may be a
carryover vehicle from a prior model year or a vehicle created solely
for the purpose of testing.
(3) You may use as complete sister vehicle a complete vehicle that
is not of the same vehicle configuration as the cab-complete vehicle as
specified in this paragraph (l)(3). This allowance applies where the
complete vehicle is not of the same vehicle configuration as the cab-
complete vehicle only because of factors unrelated to coastdown
performance. If your complete sister vehicle is covered by this
paragraph (l)(3), you may not submit the test data from that complete
sister vehicle and must perform the test on the cab-complete vehicle.
(m) Loose engine sales. This paragraph (m) applies for spark-
ignition engines identical to engines used in vehicles certified to the
standards of Sec. 1037.104, where you sell such engines as loose
engines or as engines installed in incomplete vehicles that are not cab-
complete vehicles. For purposes of this paragraph (m), engines would not
be considered to be identical if they used different engine hardware.
You may include such engines in a test group certified to the standards
of Sec. 1037.104, subject to the following provisions:
(1) Engines certified under this paragraph (m) are deemed to be
certified to the standards of 40 CFR 1036.108 as specified in 40 CFR
1036.108(a)(4).
(2) The U.S.-directed production volume of engines you sell as loose
engines or installed in incomplete heavy-duty vehicles that are not cab-
complete vehicles in any given model year may not exceed ten percent of
the total U.S.-directed production volume of engines of that design that
you produce for heavy-duty applications for that model year, including
engines you produce for complete vehicles, cab-complete vehicles, and
other incomplete vehicles. The total number of engines you may certify
under this paragraph (m), of all engine designs, may not exceed 15,000
in any model year. Engines produced in excess of either of these limits
are not covered by your certificate. For example, if you produce 80,000
complete model year 2017 Class 2b pickup trucks with a certain engine
and 10,000 incomplete model year 2017 Class 3 vehicles with that same
engine, and you do not apply the provisions of this paragraph (m) to any
other engine designs, you may produce up to 10,000 engines of that
design for sale as loose engines under this paragraph (m). If you
produced 11,000 engines of that design for sale as loose engines, the
last 1,000 of them that you produced in that model year 2017 would be
considered uncertified.
(3) This paragraph (m) does not apply for engines certified to the
standards of 40 CFR 1036.108(a)(1).
(4) Label the engines as specified in 40 CFR 1036.135 including the
following compliance statement: ``THIS ENGINE WAS CERTIFIED TO THE
ALTERNATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

[[Page 138]]

STANDARDS OF 40 CFR 1036.108(a)(4).'' List the test group name instead
of an engine family name.
(5) Vehicles using engines certified under this paragraph (m) are
subject to the emission standards of Sec. 1037.105.
(6) For certification purposes, your engines are deemed to have a
CO2 target value and test result equal to the CO2
target value and test result for the complete vehicle in the applicable
test group with the highest equivalent test weight, except as specified
in paragraph (m)(6)(ii) of this section. Use these values to calculate
your target value, fleet-average emission rate, and in-use emission
standard. Where there are multiple complete vehicles with the same
highest equivalent test weight, select the CO2 target value
and test result as specified in paragraphs (m)(6)(i) and (ii) of this
section:
(i) If one or more of the CO2 test results exceed the
applicable target value, use the CO2 target value and test
result of the vehicle that exceeds its target value by the greatest
amount.
(ii) If none of the CO2 test results exceed the
applicable target value, select the highest target value and set the
test result equal to it. This means that you may not generate emission
credits from vehicles certified under this paragraph (m).
(7) State in your applications for certification that your test
group and engine family will include engines certified under this
paragraph (m). This applies for your greenhouse gas vehicle test group
and your criteria pollutant engine family. List in each application the
name of the corresponding test group/engine family.

Subpart C_Certifying Vehicle families

Sec. 1037.201 General requirements for obtaining a certificate of conformity.

(a) You must send us a separate application for a certificate of
conformity for each vehicle family. A certificate of conformity is valid
from the indicated effective date until the end of the model year for
which it is issued, which may not extend beyond December 31 of that
year. You must renew your certification annually for any vehicles you
continue to produce.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part and must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see Sec. 1037.255).
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this subpart, as long as you maintain all the information required by
Sec. 1037.250.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.
(f) See Sec. 1037.255 for provisions describing how we will process
your application.
(g) We may perform confirmatory testing on your vehicles; for
example, we may test vehicles to verify drag areas or other GEM inputs.
We may require you to deliver your test vehicles to a facility we
designate for our testing. Alternatively, you may choose to deliver
another vehicle that is identical in all material respects to the test
vehicle. Where certification is based on testing components such as
tires, we may require you to deliver test components to a facility we
designate for our testing.

Sec. 1037.205 What must I include in my application?

This section specifies the information that must be in your
application, unless we ask you to include less information under Sec.
1037.201(c). We may require you to provide additional information to
evaluate your application. Note that references to testing and emission-
data vehicles refer to testing vehicles to measure aerodynamic drag,
assess hybrid vehicle performance, and/or measure evaporative emissions.
(a) Describe the vehicle family's specifications and other basic
parameters of the vehicle's design and emission controls. List the fuel
type on which your vehicles are designed to operate (for example, ultra
low-sulfur diesel fuel).
(b) Explain how the emission control system operates. As applicable,
describe in detail all system components for controlling greenhouse gas
and

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evaporative emissions, including all auxiliary emission control devices
(AECDs) and all fuel-system components you will install on any
production vehicle. Identify the part number of each component you
describe. For this paragraph (b), treat as separate AECDs any devices
that modulate or activate differently from each other.
(c) For vehicles subject to air conditioning standards, include:
(1) The refrigerant leakage rates (leak scores).
(2) The refrigerant capacity of the air conditioning systems.
(3) The corporate name of the final installer of the air
conditioning system.
(d) Describe any vehicles you selected for testing and the reasons
for selecting them.
(e) Describe any test equipment and procedures that you used,
including any special or alternate test procedures you used (see Sec.
1037.501).
(f) Describe how you operated any emission-data vehicle before
testing, including the duty cycle and the number of vehicle operating
miles used to stabilize emission levels. Explain why you selected the
method of service accumulation. Describe any scheduled maintenance you
did.
(g) List the specifications of any test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges we specify in 40 CFR part 1065.
(h) Identify the vehicle family's useful life.
(i) Include the maintenance instructions and warranty statement you
will give to the ultimate purchaser of each new vehicle (see Sec. Sec.
1037.120 and 1037.125).
(j) Describe your emission control information label (see Sec.
1037.135).
(k) Identify the emission standards or FELs to which you are
certifying vehicles in the vehicle family. For families containing
multiple subfamilies, this means that you must identify multiple
CO2 FELs. For example, you may identify the highest and
lowest FELs to which any of your subfamilies will be certified and also
list all possible FELs in between (which will be in 1 g/ton-mile
increments).
(l) Where applicable, identify the vehicle family's deterioration
factors and describe how you developed them. Present any emission test
data you used for this (see Sec. 1037.241(c)).
(m) Where applicable, state that you operated your emission-data
vehicles as described in the application (including the test procedures,
test parameters, and test fuels) to show you meet the requirements of
this part.
(n) Present evaporative test data to show your vehicles meet the
evaporative emission standards we specify in subpart B of this part, if
applicable. Report all valid test results from emission-data vehicles
and indicate whether there are test results from invalid tests or from
any other tests of the emission-data vehicle, whether or not they were
conducted according to the test procedures of subpart F of this part. We
may require you to report these additional test results. We may ask you
to send other information to confirm that your tests were valid under
the requirements of this part and 40 CFR part 86.
(o) Report modeling results for ten configurations. Include modeling
inputs and detailed descriptions of how they were derived. Unless we
specify otherwise, include the configuration with the highest modeling
result, the lowest modeling result, and the configurations with the
highest projected sales.
(p) Describe all adjustable operating parameters (see Sec.
1037.115), including production tolerances. You do not need to include
parameters that do not affect emissions covered by your application.
Include the following in your description of each parameter:
(1) The nominal or recommended setting.
(2) The intended physically adjustable range.
(3) The limits or stops used to establish adjustable ranges.
(4) Information showing why the limits, stops, or other means of
inhibiting adjustment are effective in preventing adjustment of
parameters on in-use vehicles to settings outside your intended
physically adjustable ranges.
(q) [Reserved]
(r) Unconditionally certify that all the vehicles in the vehicle
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.

[[Page 140]]

(s) Include good-faith estimates of U.S.-directed production volumes
by subfamily. We may require you to describe the basis of your
estimates.
(t) Include the information required by other subparts of this part.
For example, include the information required by Sec. 1037.725 if you
participate in the ABT program.
(u) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or 40 CFR part 1068 related to requests for
exemptions.
(v) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.

Sec. 1037.210 Preliminary approval before certification.

If you send us information before you finish the application, we may
review it and make any appropriate determinations. Decisions made under
this section are considered to be preliminary approval, subject to final
review and approval. We will generally not reverse a decision where we
have given you preliminary approval, unless we find new information
supporting a different decision. If you request preliminary approval
related to the upcoming model year or the model year after that, we will
make best-efforts to make the appropriate determinations as soon as
practicable. We will generally not provide preliminary approval related
to a future model year more than two years ahead of time.

Sec. 1037.220 Amending maintenance instructions.

You may amend your emission-related maintenance instructions after
you submit your application for certification as long as the amended
instructions remain consistent with the provisions of Sec. 1037.125.
You must send the Designated Compliance Officer a written request to
amend your application for certification for a vehicle family if you
want to change the emission-related maintenance instructions in a way
that could affect emissions. In your request, describe the proposed
changes to the maintenance instructions. If operators follow the
original maintenance instructions rather than the newly specified
maintenance, this does not allow you to disqualify those vehicles from
in-use testing or deny a warranty claim.
(a) If you are decreasing or eliminating any specified maintenance,
you may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your customers 30
days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove your request.
This would generally include replacing one maintenance step with
another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.
(b) If your requested change would not decrease the specified
maintenance, you may distribute the new maintenance instructions anytime
after you send your request. For example, this paragraph (b) would cover
adding instructions to increase the frequency of filter changes for
vehicles in severe-duty applications.
(c) You need not request approval if you are making only minor
corrections (such as correcting typographical mistakes), clarifying your
maintenance instructions, or changing instructions for maintenance
unrelated to emission control. We may ask you to send us copies of
maintenance instructions revised under this paragraph (c).

Sec. 1037.225 Amending applications for certification.

[[Page 141]]

the vehicle family with respect to the criteria listed in Sec.
1037.230.
(2) Change a vehicle configuration already included in a vehicle
family in a way that may affect emissions, or change any of the
components you described in your application for certification. This
includes production and design changes that may affect emissions any
time during the vehicle's lifetime.
(3) Modify an FEL for a vehicle family as described in paragraph (f)
of this section.
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the relevant
information to the Designated Compliance Officer.
(1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the vehicle model
or configuration you intend to make.
(2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended
vehicle family complies with all applicable requirements. You may do
this by showing that the original emission-data vehicle is still
appropriate for showing that the amended family complies with all
applicable requirements.
(3) If the original emission-data vehicle or emission modeling for
the vehicle family is not appropriate to show compliance for the new or
modified vehicle configuration, include new test data or emission
modeling showing that the new or modified vehicle configuration meets
the requirements of this part.
(c) We may ask for more test data or engineering evaluations. You
must give us these within 30 days after we request them.
(d) For vehicle families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, we will determine whether the existing certificate of
conformity covers your newly added or modified vehicle. You may ask for
a hearing if we deny your request (see Sec. 1037.820).
(e) For vehicle families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified vehicle
configuration anytime after you send us your amended application and
before we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However,
if we determine that the affected vehicles do not meet applicable
requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the vehicles and
may require you to recall the vehicles at no expense to the owner.
Choosing to produce vehicles under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be
consent to recall all vehicles that we determine do not meet applicable
emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the nonconformity
at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide information required
under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days after we request it,
you must stop producing the new or modified vehicles.
(f) You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in certain cases
after the start of production. The changed FEL may not apply to vehicles
you have already introduced into U.S. commerce, except as described in
this paragraph (f). You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in
the following cases:
(1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your vehicle subfamily at any
time. In your request, you must show that you will still be able to meet
the emission standards as specified in subparts B and H of this part.
Use the appropriate FELs with corresponding production volumes to
calculate emission credits for the model year, as described in subpart H
of this part.
(2) Where testing applies, you may ask to lower the FEL for your
vehicle subfamily only if you have test data from production vehicles
showing that emissions are below the proposed lower FEL. Otherwise, you
may ask to lower your FEL for your vehicle subfamily at any time. The
lower FEL applies only to vehicles you produce after we approve the new
FEL. Use the appropriate FELs with corresponding production volumes to
calculate emission credits for the model year, as described in subpart H
of this part.
(3) You may ask to add an FEL for your vehicle family at any time.

Sec. 1037.230 Vehicle families, sub-families, and configurations.

(a) For purposes of certifying your vehicles to greenhouse gas
standards, divide your product line into families of vehicles as
specified in this section. Your vehicle family is limited to a single
model year. Group vehicles in the

[[Page 142]]

same vehicle family if they are the same in all the following aspects:
(1) The regulatory sub-category (or equivalent in the case of
vocational tractors), as follows:
(i) Vocational vehicles at or below 19,500 pounds GVWR.
(ii) Vocational vehicles (other than vocational tractors) above
19,500 pounds GVWR and at or below 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(iii) Vocational vehicles (other than vocational tractors) above
33,000 pounds GVWR.
(iv) Low-roof tractors above 26,000 pounds GVWR and at or below
33,000 pounds GVWR.
(v) Mid-roof tractors above 26,000 pounds GVWR and at or below
33,000 pounds GVWR.
(vi) High-roof tractors above 26,000 pounds GVWR and at or below
33,000 pounds GVWR.
(vii) Low-roof day cab tractors above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(viii) Low-roof sleeper cab tractors above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(ix) Mid-roof day cab tractors above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(x) Mid-roof sleeper cab tractors above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(xi) High-roof day cab tractors above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(xii) High-roof sleeper cab tractors above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(xiii) Vocational tractors.
(2) Vehicle technology as follows:
(i) Group together vehicles that do not contain advanced or
innovative technologies.
(ii) Group together vehicles that contain the same advanced/
innovative technologies.
(b) If the vehicles in your family are being certified to more than
one FEL, subdivide your greenhouse gas vehicle families into subfamilies
that include vehicles with identical FELs. Note that you may add
subfamilies at any time during the model year.
(c) Group vehicles into configurations consistent with the
definition of ``vehicle configuration'' in Sec. 1037.801. Note that
vehicles with hardware or software differences that are related to
measured or modeled emissions are considered to be different vehicle
configurations even if they have the same GEM inputs and FEL. Note also,
that you are not required to separately identify all configurations for
certification. See paragraph (g) of this section for provisions allowing
you to group certain hardware differences into the same configuration.
Note that you are not required to identify all possible configurations
for certification; also, you are required to include in your end-of year
report only those configurations you produced.
(d) For a vehicle model that straddles a roof-height, cab type, or
GVWR division, you may include all the vehicles in the same vehicle
family if you certify the vehicle family to the more stringent
standards. For roof height, this means you must certify to the taller
roof standards. For cab-type and GVWR, this means you must certify to
the numerically lower standards.
(e) [Reserved]
(f) You may divide your families into more families than specified
in this section.
(g) You may ask us to allow you to group into the same configuration
vehicles that have very small body hardware differences that do not
significantly affect drag areas. Note that this allowance does not apply
for substantial differences, even if the vehicles have the same measured
drag areas.

Sec. 1037.241 Demonstrating compliance with exhaust emission standards for

greenhouse gas pollutants.

(a) For purposes of certification, your vehicle family is considered
in compliance with the emission standards in Sec. 1037.105 or Sec.
1037.106 if all vehicle configurations in that family have modeled
CO2 emission rates (as specified in subpart F of this part)
at or below the applicable standards. See 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, for
showing compliance with the standards of Sec. 1037.104. Note that your
FELs are considered to be the applicable emission standards with which
you must comply if you participate in the ABT program in subpart H of
this part.
(b) Your vehicle family is deemed not to comply if any vehicle
configuration in that family has a modeled CO2 emission rate
that is above its FEL.
(c) We may require you to provide an engineering analysis showing
that the performance of your emission controls

[[Page 143]]

will not deteriorate during the useful life with proper maintenance. If
we determine that your emission controls are likely to deteriorate
during the useful life, we may require you to develop and apply
deterioration factors consistent with good engineering judgment. For
example, you may need to apply a deterioration factor to address
deterioration of battery performance for an electric hybrid vehicle.
Where the highest useful life emissions occur between the end of useful
life and at the low-hour test point, base deterioration factors for the
vehicles on the difference between (or ratio of) the point at which the
highest emissions occur and the low-hour test point.

Sec. 1037.250 Reporting and recordkeeping.

(a) Within 90 days after the end of the model year, send the
Designated Compliance Officer a report including the total U.S.-directed
production volume of vehicles you produced in each vehicle family during
the model year(based on information available at the time of the
report). Report by vehicle identification number and vehicle
configuration and identify the subfamily identifier. Report uncertified
vehicles sold to secondary vehicle manufacturers. Small manufacturers
may omit the reporting requirements of this paragraph (a).
(b) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1037.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of each emission-data vehicle, if applicable.
(4) Production figures for each vehicle family divided by assembly
plant.
(5) Keep a list of vehicle identification numbers for all the
vehicles you produce under each certificate of conformity.
(c) Keep routine data from emission tests required by this part
(such as test cell temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one
year after we issue the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all
other information specified in this section for eight years after we
issue your certificate.
(d) Store these records in any format and on any media, as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review
them at any time.

Sec. 1037.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of

conformity?

(a) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
vehicle family meets all the requirements of this part and the Act, we
will issue a certificate of conformity for your vehicle family for that
model year. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
(b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your vehicle family fails to comply with emission standards or
other requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke
your certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (e) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent). This includes doing anything
after submission of your application to render any of the submitted
information false or incomplete.
(3) Render any test data inaccurate.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities despite our
presenting a warrant or court order (see 40 CFR 1068.20). This includes
a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
(5) Produce vehicles for importation into the United States at a
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized
activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all vehicles being produced.
(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the Act
or this part, with respect to your engine family.

[[Page 144]]

(d) We may void the certificate of conformity for a vehicle family
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as
required under this part or the Act. Note that these are also violations
of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information. This includes rendering
submitted information false or incomplete after submission.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1037.820).

Subpart D [Reserved]

Subpart E_In-Use Testing

Sec. 1037.401 General provisions.

We may perform in-use testing of any vehicle subject to the
standards of this part. For example, we may test vehicles to verify drag
areas or other GEM inputs.

Subpart F_Test and Modeling Procedures

Sec. 1037.501 General testing and modeling provisions.

This subpart specifies how to perform emission testing and emission
modeling required elsewhere in this part.
(a) [Reserved]
(b) Where exhaust emission testing is required, use the equipment
and procedures in 40 CFR part 1066 to determine whether your vehicles
meet the duty-cycle emission standards in subpart B of this part.
Measure the emissions of all the exhaust constituents subject to
emission standards as specified in 40 CFR part 1066. Use the applicable
duty cycles specified in Sec. 1037.510.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Use the applicable fuels specified 40 CFR part 1065 to perform
valid tests.
(1) For service accumulation, use the test fuel or any commercially
available fuel that is representative of the fuel that in-use vehicles
will use.
(2) For diesel-fueled vehicles, use the appropriate diesel fuel
specified for emission testing. Unless we specify otherwise, the
appropriate diesel test fuel is ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel.
(3) For gasoline-fueled vehicles, use the gasoline specified for
``General Testing''.
(e) You may use special or alternate procedures as specified in 40
CFR 1065.10.
(f) This subpart is addressed to you as a manufacturer, but it
applies equally to anyone who does testing for you, and to us when we
perform testing to determine if your vehicles meet emission standards.
(g) Apply this paragraph (g) whenever we specify use of standard
trailers. Unless otherwise specified, a tolerance of 2 inches applies for all nominal trailer dimensions.
(1) The standard trailer for high-roof tractors must meet the
following criteria:
(i) It is an unloaded two-axle dry van box trailer 53.0 feet long,
102 inches wide, and 162 inches high (measured from the ground with the
trailer level).
(ii) It has a king pin located with its center 360.5 inches from the front of the trailer and a minimized
trailer gap (no greater than 45 inches).
(iii) It has a smooth surface with nominally flush rivets and does
not include any aerodynamic features such as side fairings, boat tails,
or gap reducers. It may have a scuff band of no more than 0.13 inches in
thickness.
(iv) It includes dual 22.5 inch wheels, standard mudflaps, and
standard landing gear. The centerline of the rear-most axle must be 146
inches from the rear of the trailer.
(2) The standard trailer for mid-roof tractors is an empty two-axle
tanker trailer 421 feet long by 140 inches high.
(i) It has a 401 feet long cylindrical tank
with a 70007 gallon capacity, smooth surface, and
rounded ends.
(ii) The standard tanker trailer does not include any aerodynamic
features such as side fairings, but does include a centered 20 inch
manhole, side-centered ladder, and lengthwise walkway. It includes dual
24.5 inch wheels.
(3) The standard trailer for low-roof tractors is an unloaded two-
axle flat bed trailer 531 feet long and 102 inches
wide.
(i) The deck height is 60.00.5 inches in the
front and 55.00.5 inches in the

[[Page 145]]

rear. The standard trailer does not include any aerodynamic features
such as side fairings.
(ii) It includes an air suspension and dual 22.5 inch wheels on
tandem axles spread up to 122 inches apart between axle centerlines,
measured along the length of the trailer.

Sec. 1037.510 Duty-cycle exhaust testing.

This section applies where exhaust emission testing is required,
such as when applying the provisions of Sec. 1037.615. Note that for
most vehicles, testing under this section is not required.
(a) Where applicable, measure emissions by testing the vehicle on a
chassis dynamometer with the applicable test cycles. Each test cycle
consists of a series of speed commands over time: variable speeds for
the transient test and constant speeds for the cruise tests. None of
these cycles include vehicle starting or warmup; each test cycle begins
with a running, warmed-up vehicle. Start sampling emissions at the start
of each cycle. The transient cycle is specified in appendix I to this
part. For the 55 mph and 65 mph cruise cycles, sample emissions for 300
second cycles with constant vehicle speeds of 55.0 mph and 65.0 mph,
respectively. The tolerance around these speed setpoints is 1.0 mph.
(b) Calculate the official emission result from the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.011

Where:

payload = the standard payload, in tons, as specified in Sec. 1037.705.
w = weighting factor for the appropriate test cycle, as described in
paragraph (c) of this section.
m = grams of CO2 emitted over the appropriate test cycle.
D = miles driven over the appropriate test cycle.

(c) Apply weighting factors specific to each type of vehicle and for
each duty cycle as described in the following table:

Table 1 to Sec. 1037.510--Weighting Factors for Duty Cycles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
55 mph cruise 65 mph cruise
Transient (%) (%) (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vocational................................................ 42 21 37
Vocational Hybrid Vehicles................................ 75 9 16
Day Cabs.................................................. 19 17 64
Sleeper Cabs.............................................. 5 9 86
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) For transient testing, compare actual second-by-second vehicle
speed with the speed specified in the test cycle and ensure any
differences are consistent with the criteria as specified in 40 CFR part
1066. If the speeds do not conform to these criteria, the test is not
valid and must be repeated.
(e) Run test cycles as specified in 40 CFR part 86. For cruise cycle
testing of vehicles equipped with cruise control, use the vehicle's
cruise control to control the vehicle speed. For vehicles equipped with
adjustable VSLs, test the vehicle with the VSL at its highest setting.
(f) Test the vehicle using its adjusted loaded vehicle weight,
unless we determine this would be unrepresentative of in-use operation
as specified in 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(1).
(g) For hybrid vehicles, correct for the net energy change of the
energy storage device as described in 40 CFR 1066.501.

[[Page 146]]

Sec. 1037.520 Modeling CO2 emissions to show compliance.

This section describes how to use the GEM simulation tool
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1037.810) to show compliance with
the CO2 standards of Sec. Sec. 1037.105 and 1037.106. Use
good engineering judgment when demonstrating compliance using the GEM.
(a) General modeling provisions. To run the GEM, enter all
applicable inputs as specified by the model. All seven of the following
inputs apply for sleeper cab tractors, while some do not apply for other
regulatory subcategories:
(1) Regulatory subcategory (such as ``Class 8 Combination--Sleeper
Cab--High Roof'').
(2) Coefficient of aerodynamic drag, as described in paragraph (b)
of this section. Leave this field blank for vocational vehicles.
(3) Steer tire rolling resistance, as described in paragraph (c) of
this section.
(4) Drive tire rolling resistance, as described in paragraph (c) of
this section.
(5) Vehicle speed limit, as described in paragraph (d) of this
section. Leave this field blank for vocational vehicles.
(6) Vehicle weight reduction, as described in paragraph (e) of this
section. Leave this field blank for vocational vehicles.
(7) Extended idle reduction credit, as described in paragraph (f) of
this section. Leave this field blank for vehicles other than Class 8
sleeper cabs.
(b) Coefficient of aerodynamic drag and drag area. Determine the
appropriate drag area as follows:
(1) Use the recommended method or an alternate method to establish a
value for the vehicle's drag area, expressed in m\2\ and rounded to two
decimal places. Where we allow you to group multiple configurations
together, measure the drag area of the worst-case configuration. Measure
drag areas specified in Sec. 1037.521.
(2) Determine the bin level for your vehicle based on the drag area
from paragraph (b)(1) of this section as shown in the following tables:

Table 1 to Sec. 1037.520--High-Roof Day and Sleeper Cabs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If your measured CDA Then your CD input is . .
Bin level (m\2\) is . . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High-Roof Day Cabs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bin I..................................................... = 8.0 0.79
Bin II.................................................... 7.1-7.9 0.72
Bin III................................................... 6.2-7.0 0.63
Bin IV.................................................... 5.6-6.1 0.56
Bin V..................................................... <= 5.5 0.51
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High-Roof Sleeper Cabs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bin I..................................................... = 7.6 0.75
Bin II.................................................... 6.7-7.5 0.68
Bin III................................................... 5.8-6.6 0.60
Bin IV.................................................... 5.2-5.7 0.52
Bin V..................................................... <= 5.1 0.47
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 2 to Sec. 1037.520-- Low-Roof Day and Sleeper Cabs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If your measured CDA Then your CD input is . .
Bin level (m\2\) is . . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low-Roof Day and Sleeper Cabs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bin I..................................................... = 5.1 0.77
Bin II.................................................... <= 5.0 0.71
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mid-Roof Day and Sleeper Cabs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bin I..................................................... = 5.6 0.87
Bin II.................................................... <= 5.5 0.82
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 147]]

(3) For low- and mid-roof tractors, you may determine your drag area
bin based on the drag area bin of an equivalent high-roof tractor. If
the high-roof tractor is in Bin I or Bin II, then you may assume your
equivalent low- and mid-roof tractors are in Bin I. If the high-roof
tractor is in Bin III, Bin IV, or Bin V, then you may assume your
equivalent low- and mid-roof tractors are in Bin II.
(c) Steer and drive tire rolling resistance. You must have a tire
rolling resistance level (TRRL) for each tire configuration. For
purposes of this section, you may consider tires with the same SKU
number to be the same configuration.
(1) Measure tire rolling resistance in kg per metric ton as
specified in ISO 28580 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1037.810),
except as specified in this paragraph (c). Use good engineering judgment
to ensure that your test results are not biased low. You may ask us to
identify a reference test laboratory to which you may correlate your
test results. Prior to beginning the test procedure in Section 7 of ISO
28580 for a new bias-ply tire, perform a break-in procedure by running
the tire at the specified test speed, load, and pressure for 602 minutes.
(2) For each tire design tested, measure rolling resistance of at
least three different tires of that specific design and size. Perform
the test at least once for each tire. Use the arithmetic mean of these
results as your test result. You may use this value as your GEM input or
select a higher TRRL. You must test at least one tire size for each tire
model, and may use engineering analysis to determine the rolling
resistance of other tire sizes of that model. Note that for tire sizes
that you do not test, we will treat your analytically derived rolling
resistances the same as test results, and we may perform our own testing
to verify your values. We may require you to test a small sub-sample of
untested tire sizes that we select.
(3) If you obtain your test results from the tire manufacturer or
another third party, you must obtain a signed statement from them
verifying the tests were conducted according to the requirements of this
part. Such statements are deemed to be submissions to EPA.
(4) For tires marketed as light truck tires and that have load
ranges C, D, or E, use as the GEM input TRRL at or above the measured
rolling resistance multiplied by 0.87.
(d) Vehicle speed limit. If the vehicles will be equipped with a
vehicle speed limiter, input the maximum vehicle speed to which the
vehicle will be limited (in miles per hour rounded to the nearest 0.1
mile per hour) as specified in Sec. 1037.640. Otherwise leave this
field blank. Use good engineering judgment to ensure the limiter is
tamper resistant. We may require you to obtain preliminary approval for
your designs.
(e) Vehicle weight reduction. For purposes of this paragraph (e),
high-strength steel is steel with tensile strength at or above 350 MPa.
(1) Vehicle weight reduction inputs for wheels are specified
relative to dual-wide tires with conventional steel wheels. For purposes
of this paragraph (e)(1), a light-weight aluminum wheel is one that
weighs at least 21 lb less than a comparable conventional steel wheel.
The inputs are listed in Table 4 to this section. For example, a tractor
with aluminum steel wheels and eight (4x2) dual-wide aluminum drive
wheels would have an input of 210 lb (2x21 + 8x21).

Table 3 to Sec. 1037.520--Wheel-Related Weight Reductions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight
reduction (lb
Weight reduction technology per tire or
wheel)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single-Wide Drive Tire with
Steel Wheel......................................... 84
Aluminum Wheel...................................... 139
Light-Weight Aluminum Wheel......................... 147
Steer Tire or Dual-wide Drive Tire with . . .
High-Strength Steel Wheel........................... 8
Aluminum Wheel...................................... 21
Light-Weight Aluminum Wheel......................... 30
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) Vehicle weight reduction inputs for components other than wheels
are specified relative to mild steel components as specified in the
following table:

[[Page 148]]

Table 4 to Sec. 1037.520--Nonwheel-Related Weight Reductions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
High-strength
Weight reduction technologies Aluminum weight steel weight
reduction (lb) reduction (lb)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Door............................ 20 6
Roof............................ 60 18
Cab rear wall................... 49 16
Cab floor....................... 56 18
Hood Support Structure System... 15 3
Fairing Support Structure System 35 6
Instrument Panel Support 5 1
Structure......................
Brake Drums--Drive (4).......... 140 11
Brake Drums--Non Drive (2)...... 60 8
Frame Rails..................... 440 87
Crossmember--Cab................ 15 5
Crossmember--Suspension......... 25 6
Crossmember--Non Suspension (3). 15 5
Fifth Wheel..................... 100 25
Radiator Support................ 20 6
Fuel Tank Support Structure..... 40 12
Steps........................... 35 6
Bumper.......................... 33 10
Shackles........................ 10 3
Front Axle...................... 60 15
Suspension Brackets, Hangers.... 100 30
Transmission Case............... 50 12
Clutch Housing.................. 40 10
Drive Axle Hubs (8)............. 160 4
Non Drive Front Hubs (2)........ 40 5
Driveshaft...................... 20 5
Transmission/Clutch Shift Levers 20 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(3) You may ask to apply the innovative technology provisions of
Sec. 1037.610 for weight reductions not covered by this paragraph (e).
(f) Extended idle reduction credit. If your tractor is equipped with
idle reduction technology meeting the requirements of Sec. 1037.660
that will automatically shut off the main engine after 300 seconds or
less, use 5.0 g/ton-mile as the input (or a lesser value specified in
Sec. 1037.660). Otherwise leave this field blank.

Sec. 1037.521 Aerodynamic measurements.

This section describes how to determine the aerodynamic drag area
(CDA) of your vehicle using the coastdown procedure in 40 CFR
part 1066 or an alternative method correlated to it.
(a) General. The primary method for measuring the aerodynamic drag
area of vehicles is specified in paragraph (b) of this section. You may
determine the drag area using an alternate method, consistent with the
provisions of this section and good engineering judgment, based on wind
tunnel testing, computational fluid dynamic modeling, or constant-speed
road load testing. See 40 CFR 1068.5 for provisions describing how we
may evaluate your engineering judgment. All drag areas measured using an
alternative method (CDAalt) must be adjusted to be
equivalent to the corresponding drag areas that would have been measured
using the coastdown procedure as follows:
(1) Unless good engineering judgment requires otherwise, assume that
coastdown drag areas are proportional to drag areas measured using
alternative methods. This means you may apply a single constant
adjustment factor (Falt-aero) for a given alternate drag area
method using the following equation:

CDA = CDAalt x Falt-aero

(2) Determine Falt-aero by performing coastdown testing
and applying your alternate method on the same vehicle. Unless we
approve another vehicle, the vehicle must be a Class 8, high-roof,
sleeper cab with a full aerodynamics package, pulling a standards
trailer. Where you have more than one model meeting these criteria, use
the model with the highest projected sales. If you do not have such a
model you may use your most comparable model with

[[Page 149]]

prior approval. If good engineering judgment allows the use of a single,
constant value of Falt-aero, calculate it from this coastdown
drag area (CDAcoast) divided by alternative drag
area (CDAalt):

Falt-aero = CDAcoast /
CDAalt

(3) Calculate Falt-aero to at least three decimal places.
For example, if your coastdown testing results in a drag area of 6.430,
but your wind tunnel method results in a drag area of 6.200,
Falt-aero would be 1.037.
(b) Recommended method. Perform coastdown testing as described in 40
CFR part 1066, subpart D, subject to the following additional
provisions:
(1) The specifications of this paragraph (b)(1) apply when measuring
drag areas for tractors. Test high-roof tractors with a standard box
trailer. Test low- and mid-roof tractors without a trailer (sometimes
referred to as in a ``bobtail configuration''). You may test low- and
mid-roof tractors with a trailer to evaluate innovative technologies.
(2) The specifications of this paragraph (b)(2) apply for tractors
and standard trailers. Use tires mounted on steel rims in a dual
configuration (except for steer tires). The tires must--
(i) Be SmartWay-Verified tires or have a rolling resistance below
5.1 kg/ton.
(ii) Have accumulated at least 2,175 miles of prior use but have no
less than 50 percent of their original tread depth (as specified for
truck cabs in SAE J1263).
(iii) Not be retreads or have any apparent signs of chunking or
uneven wear.
(iv) Be size 295/75R22.5 or 275/80R22.5.
(3) Calculate the drag area (CDA) in m\2\ from the
coastdown procedure specified in 40 CFR part 1066.
(c) Approval. You must obtain preliminary approval before using any
methods other than coastdown testing to determine drag coefficients.
Send your request for approval to the Designated Compliance Officer.
Keep records of the information specified in this paragraph (c). Unless
we specify otherwise, include this information with your request. You
must provide any information we require to evaluate whether you are
apply the provisions of this section consistent with good engineering
judgment.
(1) Include all of the following for your coastdown results:
(i) The name, location, and description of your test facilities,
including background/history, equipment and capability, and track and
facility elevation, along with the grade and size/length of the track.
(ii) Test conditions for each test result, including date and time,
wind speed and direction, ambient temperature and humidity, vehicle
speed, driving distance, manufacturer name, test vehicle/model type,
model year, applicable model engine family, tire type and rolling
resistance, weight of tractor-trailer (as tested), and driver
identifier(s).
(iii) Average drag area result as calculated in 40 CFR 1066, subpart
D) and all of the individual run results (including voided or invalid
runs).
(2) Identify the name and location of the test facilities for your
wind tunnel method (if applicable). Also include the following things to
describe the test facility:
(i) Background/history.
(ii) The layout (with diagram), type, and construction (structural
and material) of the wind tunnel.
(iii) Wind tunnel design details: corner turning vane type and
material, air settling, mesh screen specification, air straightening
method, tunnel volume, surface area, average duct area, and circuit
length.
(iv) Wind tunnel flow quality: temperature control and uniformity,
airflow quality, minimum airflow velocity, flow uniformity, angularity
and stability, static pressure variation, turbulence intensity, airflow
acceleration and deceleration times, test duration flow quality, and
overall airflow quality achievement.
(v) Test/working section information: test section type (e.g., open,
closed, adaptive wall) and shape (e.g., circular, square, oval), length,
contraction ratio, maximum air velocity, maximum dynamic pressure,
nozzle width and height, plenum dimensions and net volume, maximum
allowed model scale, maximum model height above road, strut movement
rate (if applicable), model support, primary boundary layer

[[Page 150]]

slot, boundary layer elimination method, and photos and diagrams of the
test section.
(vi) Fan section description: fan type, diameter, power, maximum
rotational speed, maximum top speed, support type, mechanical drive, and
sectional total weight.
(vii) Data acquisition and control (where applicable): acquisition
type, motor control, tunnel control, model balance, model pressure
measurement, wheel drag balances, wing/body panel balances, and model
exhaust simulation.
(viii) Moving ground plane or rolling road (if applicable):
construction and material, yaw table and range, moving ground length and
width, belt type, maximum belt speed, belt suction mechanism, platen
instrumentation, temperature control, and steering.
(ix) Facility correction factors and purpose.
(3) Include all of the following for your computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) method (if applicable):
(i) Official name/title of the software product.
(ii) Date and version number for the software product.
(iii) Manufacturer/company name, address, phone number and Web
address for software product.
(iv) Identify if the software code is Navier-Stokes or Lattice-
Boltzmann based.
(4) Include all of the following for any other method (if
applicable):
(i) Official name/title of the procedure(s).
(ii) Description of the procedure.
(iii) Cited sources for any standardized procedures that the method
is based on.
(iv) Modifications/deviations from the standardized procedures for
the method and rational for modifications/deviations.
(v) Data comparing this requested procedure to the coastdown
reference procedure.
(vi) Information above from the other methods as applicable to this
method (e.g., source location/address, background/history).
(d) Wind tunnel methods. (1) You may measure drag areas consistent
with the modified SAE procedures described in this paragraph (d) using
any wind tunnel recognized by the Subsonic Aerodynamic Testing
Association. If your wind tunnel is not capable of testing in accordance
with these modified SAE procedures, you may ask us to approve your
alternate test procedures if you demonstrate that your procedures
produce equivalent data. For purposes of this paragraph (d), data are
equivalent if they are the same or better with respect to repeatability
and unbiased correlation with coastdown testing. Note that, for wind
tunnels not capable of these modified SAE procedures, good engineering
judgment may require you to base your alternate method adjustment factor
on more than one vehicle. You may not develop your correction factor
until we have approved your alternate method. The applicable SAE
procedures are SAE J1252, SAE J1594, and SAE J2071 (incorporated by
reference in Sec. 1037.810). The following modifications apply for SAE
J1252:
(i) The minimum Reynold's number (Remin) is 1.0 x 10\6\
instead of the value specified in section 5.2 of the SAE procedure. Your
model frontal area at zero yaw angle may exceed the recommended 5
percent of the active test section area, provided it does not exceed 25
percent.
(ii) For full-scale wind tunnel testing, use good engineering
judgment to select a test article (tractor and trailer) that is a
reasonable representation of the test article used for the reference
method testing. For example, where your wind tunnel is not long enough
to test the tractor with a standard 53 foot trailer, it may be
appropriate to use shorter box trailer. In such a case, the correlation
developed using the shorter trailer would only be valid for testing with
the shorter trailer.
(iii) For reduced-scale wind tunnel testing, a one-eighth (1/8th) or
larger scale model of a heavy-duty tractor and trailer must be used, and
the model must be of sufficient design to simulate airflow through the
radiator inlet grill and across an engine geometry representative of
those commonly used in your test vehicle.
(2) You must perform wind tunnel testing and the coastdown procedure
on the same tractor model and provide

[[Page 151]]

the results for both methods. Conduct the wind tunnel tests at a zero
yaw angle and, if so equipped, utilizing the moving/rolling floor (i.e.,
the moving/rolling floor should be on during the test, as opposed to
static) for comparison to the coastdown procedure, which corrects to a
zero yaw angle for the oncoming wind.
(e) Computational fluid dynamics (CFD). You may determine drag areas
using a CFD method, consistent with good engineering judgment and the
requirements of this paragraph (e) using commercially available CFD
software code. Conduct the analysis assuming zero yaw angle, and ambient
conditions consistent with coastdown procedures. For simulating a wind
tunnel test, the analysis should accurately model the particular wind
tunnel and assume a wind tunnel blockage ratio consistent with SAE J1252
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1037.810) or one that matches the
selected wind tunnel, whichever is lower. For simulation of open road
conditions similar to that experienced during coastdown test procedures,
the CFD analysis should assume a blockage ratio at or below 0.2 percent.
(1) Take the following steps for CFD code with a Navier-Stokes
formula solver:
(i) Perform an unstructured, time-accurate, analysis using a mesh
grid size with total volume element count of at least 50 million cells
of hexahedral and/or polyhedral mesh cell shape, surface elements
representing the geometry consisting of no less than 6 million elements,
and a near-wall cell size corresponding to a y+ value of less than 300,
with the smallest cell sizes applied to local regions of the tractor and
trailer in areas of high flow gradients and smaller geometry features.
(ii) Perform the analysis with a turbulence model and mesh
deformation enabled (if applicable) with boundary layer resolution of
95 percent. Once result convergence is achieved,
demonstrate the convergence by supplying multiple, successive
convergence values for the analysis. The turbulence model may use k-
epsilon (k-[epsi]), shear stress transport k-omega (SST k-[omega]), or
other commercially accepted methods.
(2) For Lattice-Boltzman based CFD code, perform an unstructured,
time-accurate analysis using a mesh grid size with total surface
elements of at least 50 million cells using cubic volume elements and
triangular and/or quadrilateral surface elements with a near wall cell
size of no greater than 6 mm on local regions of the tractor and trailer
in areas of high flow gradients and smaller geometry features, with cell
sizes in other areas of the mesh grid starting at twelve millimeters and
increasing in size from this value as the distance from the tractor-
trailer model increases.
(3) All CFD analysis should be conducted using the following
conditions:
(i) A tractor-trailer combination using the manufacturer's tractor
and the standard trailer, as applicable.
(ii) An environment with a blockage ratio at or below 0.2 percent to
simulate open road conditions, a zero degree yaw angle between the
oncoming wind and the tractor-trailer combination.
(iii) Ambient conditions consistent with the coastdown test
procedures specified in this part.
(iv) Open grill with representative back pressures based on data
from the tractor model,
(v) Turbulence model and mesh deformation enabled (if applicable).
(vi) Tires and ground plane in motion consistent with and simulating
a vehicle moving in the forward direction of travel.
(vii) The smallest cell size should be applied to local regions on
the tractor and trailer in areas of high flow gradients and smaller
geometry features (e.g., the a-pillar, mirror, visor, grille and
accessories, trailer leading and trailing edges, rear bogey, tires, and
tractor-trailer gap).
(viii) Simulate a speed of 55 mph.
(4) You may ask us to allow you to perform CFD analysis using
parameters and criteria other than those specified in this paragraph
(e), consistent with good engineering judgment, if you can demonstrate
that the specified conditions are not feasible (e.g., insufficient
computing power to conduct such analysis, inordinate length of time to
conduct analysis, equivalent flow characteristics with more feasible
criteria/parameters) or improved criteria may yield better results
(e.g., different mesh cell shape

[[Page 152]]

and size). To support this request, we may require that you supply data
demonstrating that your selected parameters/criteria will provide a
sufficient level of detail to yield an accurate analysis, including
comparison of key characteristics between your criteria/parameters and
the criteria specified in paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section
(e.g., pressure profiles, drag build-up, and/or turbulent/laminar flow
at key points on the front of the tractor and/or over the length of the
tractor-trailer combination).
(f) Yaw sweep corrections. You may optionally apply this paragraph
(f) for vehicles with aerodynamic features that are more effective at
reducing wind-averaged drag than is predicted by zero-yaw drag. You may
correct your zero-yaw drag area as follows if the ratio of the zero-yaw
drag area divided by yaw sweep drag area for your vehicle is greater
than 0.8065 (which represents the ratio expected for a typical
aerodynamic Class 8 high-roof sleeper cab tractor):
(1) Determine the zero-yaw drag area and the yaw sweep drag area for
your vehicle using the same alternate method as specified in this
subpart. Measure drag area for 0[deg], -6[deg], and +6[deg]. Use the
arithmetic mean of the -6[deg] and +6[deg] drag areas as the 6[deg] drag area.
(2) Calculate your yaw sweep correction factor (CFys)
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.012

(3) Calculate your corrected drag area for determining the
aerodynamic bin by multiplying the measured zero-yaw drag area by
CFys. The correction factor may be applied to drag areas
measured using other procedures. For example, we would apply
CFys to drag areas measured using the recommended coastdown
method. If you use an alternative method, you would also need to apply
an alternative correction (Falt-aero) and calculate the final
drag area using the following equation:

CDA = Falt-aero [middot] CFys
[middot] (CDA)zero-alt

(4) You may ask us to apply CFys to similar vehicles
incorporating the same design features.
(5) As an alternative, you may choose to calculate the wind-averaged
drag area according to SAE J1252 (incorporated by reference in Sec.
1037.810) and substitute this value into the equation in paragraph
(f)(2) of this section for the 6[deg] yaw-averaged
drag area.

Sec. 1037.525 Special procedures for testing hybrid vehicles with power take-

off.

This section describes the procedure for quantifying the reduction
in greenhouse gas emissions as a result of running power take-off (PTO)
devices with a hybrid powertrain. The procedures are written to test the
PTO so that all the energy is produced with the engine. The full test
for the hybrid vehicle is from a fully charged renewable energy storage
system (RESS) to a depleted RESS and then back to a fully charged RESS.
These procedures may be used for whole vehicles or with a post-
transmission hybrid system. When testing just the post-transmission
hybrid system, you must include all hardware for the PTO system. You may
ask us to modify the provisions of this section to allow testing hybrid
vehicles other than electric-battery hybrids, consistent with good
engineering judgment.
(a) Select two vehicles for testing as follows:
(1) Select a vehicle with a hybrid powertrain to represent the
vehicle family. If your vehicle family includes more than one vehicle
model, use good engineering judgment to select the vehicle type with the
maximum number of PTO circuits that has the smallest potential reduction
in greenhouse gas emissions.
(2) Select an equivalent conventional vehicle as specified in Sec.
1037.615.

[[Page 153]]

(b) Measure PTO emissions from the fully warmed-up conventional
vehicle as follows:
(1) Without adding any additional restrictions, instrument the
vehicle with pressure transducers at the outlet of the hydraulic pump
for each circuit.
(2) Operate the PTO system with no load for at least 15 seconds.
Measure the pressure and record the average value over the last 10
seconds (pmin). Apply maximum operator demand to the PTO
system until the pressure relief valve opens and pressure stabilizes;
measure the pressure and record the average value over the last 10
seconds (pmax).
(3) Denormalize the PTO duty cycle in appendix II of this part using
the following equation:

prefi = NPi [middot] (pmax-
min) + pmin

Where:

prefi = the reference pressure at each point i in the PTO
cycle.
NPi= the normalized pressure at each point i in the PTO
cycle.
pmax= the maximum pressure measured in paragraph (b)(2)
of this section.
pmin= the minimum pressure measured in paragraph (b)(2)
of this section.

(4) If the PTO system has two circuits, repeat paragraph (b)(2) and
(3) of this section for the second PTO circuit.
(5) Install a system to control pressures in the PTO system during
the cycle.
(6) Start the engine.
(7) Operate the vehicle over one or both of the denormalized PTO
duty cycles, as applicable. Collect CO2 emissions during
operation over each duty cycle.
(8) Use the provisions of 40 CFR part 1066 to collect and measure
emissions. Calculate emission rates in grams per test without rounding.
(9) For each test, validate the pressure in each circuit with the
pressure specified from the cycle according to 40 CFR 1065.514. Measured
pressures must meet the specifications in the following table for a
valid test:

Table 1 of Sec. 1037.525--Statistical Criteria for Validating Duty Cycles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter Pressure
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slope, [verbar]a1[verbar]................... 0.950 <= a1 <= 1.030.
Absolute value of intercept, [bond]a0[bond]. <= 2.0% of maximum mapped pressure.
Standard error of estimate, SEE............. <= 10% of maximum mapped pressure.
Coefficient of determination, r\2\.......... = 0.970.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(10) Continue testing over the three vehicle drive cycles, as
otherwise required by this part.
(11) Calculate combined cycle-weighted emissions of the four cycles
as specified in paragraph (d) of this section.
(c) Measure PTO emissions from the fully warmed-up hybrid vehicle as
follows:
(1) Perform the steps in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this
section.
(2) Prepare the vehicle for testing by operating it as needed to
stabilize the battery at a full state of charge. For electric hybrid
vehicles, we recommend running back-to-back PTO tests until engine
operation is initiated to charge the battery. The battery should be
fully charged once engine operation stops. The ignition should remain in
the ``on'' position.
(3) Turn the vehicle and PTO system off while the sampling system is
being prepared.
(4) Turn the vehicle and PTO system on such that the PTO system is
functional, whether it draws power from the engine or a battery.
(5) Operate the vehicle over the PTO cycle(s) without turning the
vehicle off, until the engine starts and then shuts down. The test cycle
is completed once the engine shuts down. Measure emissions as described
in paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section. Use good engineering
judgment to minimize the variability in testing between the two types of
vehicles.
(6) Refer to paragraph (b)(9) of this section for cycle validation.
(7) Continue testing over the three vehicle drive cycles, as
otherwise required by this part.

[[Page 154]]

(8) Calculate combined cycle-weighted emissions of the four cycles
as specified in paragraph (d) of this section.
(d) Calculate combined cycle-weighted emissions of the four cycles
for vocational vehicles as follows:
(1) Calculate the g/ton-mile emission rate for the driving portion
of the test specified in Sec. 1037.510.
(2) Calculate the g/hr emission rate for the PTO portion of the test
by dividing the total mass emitted over the cycle (grams) by the time of
the test (hours). For testing where fractions of a cycle were run (for
example, where three cycles are completed and the halfway point of a
fourth PTO cycle is reached before the engine starts and shuts down
again), use the following procedures to calculate the time of the test:
(i) Add up the time run for all complete tests.
(ii) For fractions of a test, use the following equation to
calculate the time:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.013

Where:
ttest = time of the incomplete test.
i = the number of each measurement interval.
N = the total number of measurement intervals.
NPcircuit--1 = Normalized pressure command from circuit 1 of
the PTO cycle.
NPcircuit--2 = Normalized pressure command from circuit 2 of
the PTO cycle. Let NPcircuit--2 = 1 if there is
only one circuit.
tcycle = time of a complete cycle.

(iii) Sum the time from complete cycles (paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this
section) and from partial cycles (paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section).
(3) Convert the g/hr PTO result to an equivalent g/mi value based on
the assumed fraction of engine operating time during which the PTO is
operating (28 percent) and an assumed average vehicle speed while
driving (27.1 mph). The conversion factor is: Factor = (0.280)/(1.000-
0.280)/(27.1 mph) = 0.0144 hr/mi. Multiply the g/hr emission rate by
0.0144 hr/mi.
(4) Divide the g/mi PTO emission rate by the standard payload and
add this value to the g/ton-mile emission rate for the driving portion
of the test.
(e) Follow the provisions of Sec. 1037.615 to calculate improvement
factors and benefits for advanced technologies.

Sec. 1037.550 Special procedures for testing post-transmission hybrid

systems.

This section describes the procedure for simulating a chassis test
with a post-transmission hybrid system for A to B testing. The hardware
that must be included in these tests is the engine, the transmission,
the hybrid electric motor, the power electronics between the hybrid
electric motor and the RESS, and the RESS. You may ask us to modify the
provisions of this section to allow testing non-electric hybrid
vehicles, consistent with good engineering judgment.
(a) Set up the engine according to 40 CFR 1065.110 to account for
work inputs and outputs and accessory work.
(b) Collect CO2 emissions while operating the system over
the test cycles specified in Sec. 1037.510.
(c) Collect and measure emissions as described in 40 CFR part 1066.
Calculate emission rates in grams per ton-mile without rounding.
Determine values for A, B, C, and M for the vehicle being simulated as
specified in 40 CFR part 1066. If you will apply an improvement factor
or test results to multiple vehicle configurations, use values of A, B,
C, M, kd, and r that represent the vehicle configuration with
the smallest potential reduction in greenhouse gas

[[Page 155]]

emissions as a result of the hybrid capability.
(d) Calculate the transmission output shaft's angular speed target
for the driver model, fnref,driver, from the linear speed
associated with the vehicle cycle using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.014

Where:
Scyclei = vehicle speed of the test cycle for each point i.
kd = final drive ratio (the angular speed of the transmission
output shaft divided by the angular speed of the drive axle),
as declared by the manufacturer.
r = radius of the loaded tires, as declared by the manufacturer.

(e) Use either speed control or torque control to program the
dynamometer to follow the test cycle, as follows:
(1) Speed control. Program dynamometers using speed control as
described in this paragraph (e)(1). We recommend speed control for
automated manual transmissions or other designs where there is a power
interrupt during shifts. Calculate the transmission output shaft's
angular speed target for the dynamometer, fnref,dyno, from
the measured linear speed at the dynamometer rolls using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.015

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.016

t = elapsed time in the driving schedule as measured by the dynamometer,
in seconds.
Let ti-1 = 0.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.017

Where:
Ti = instantaneous measured torque at the transmission output
shaft.
fn,i = instantaneous measured angular speed of the
transmission output shaft.

[[Page 156]]

(2) Torque control. Program dynamometers using torque control as
described in this paragraph (e)(2).
(i) Calculate the transmission output shaft's torque
target,Trefi, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.018

Where:
FRi = total road load force at the surface of the roll,
calculated using the equation in 40 CFR 1066.210(d)(4), as
specified in paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this section.

(ii) Calculate the total road load force based on instantaneous
speed values, Si, calculated from the equation in paragraph
(e)(1) of this section.
(3) For each test, validate the measured transmission output shaft's
speed or torque with the corresponding reference values according to 40
CFR 1065.514(e). You may delete points when the vehicle is braking or
stopped. Perform the validation based on speed and torque values at the
transmission output shaft. For steady-state tests (55 mph and 65 mph
cruise), apply cycle-validation criteria by treating the sampling
periods from the two tests as a continuous sampling period. Perform this
validation based on the following parameters for either speed-control or
torque-control, as applicable:

Table 1 of Sec. 1037.550--Statistical Criteria for Validating Duty
Cycles
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter Speed control Torque control
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slope, a1................... 0.950 <= a1 <= 1.030 0.950 <= a1 <=
1.030.
Absolute value of intercept, <=2.0% of maximum <=2.0% of maximum
a0. test speed. torque.
Standard error of estimate, <=5% of maximum test <=10% of maximum
SEE. speed. torque.
Coefficient of =0.970... =0.850.
determination, r \2\.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(f) Send a brake signal when throttle position is equal to zero and
vehicle speed is greater than the reference vehicle speed from the test
cycle. The brake signal should be turned off when the torque measured at
the transmission output shaft is less than the reference torque. Set a
delay before changing the brake state using good engineering judgment to
prevent the brake signal from dithering.
(g) The driver model should be designed to follow the cycle as
closely as possible and must meet the requirements of 40 CFR 1066.430(e)
for transient testing and Sec. 1037.510 for steady-state testing.
(h) Correct for the net energy change of the energy storage device
as described in 40 CFR 1066.501.
(i) Follow the provisions of Sec. 1037.510 to weight the cycle
results and Sec. 1037.615 to calculate improvement factors and benefits
for advanced technologies.

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1037.601 What compliance provisions apply to these vehicles?

(a) Engine and vehicle manufacturers, as well as owners and
operators of vehicles subject to the requirements of this part, and all
other persons, must observe the provisions of this part, the provisions
of the Clean Air Act, and the following provisions of 40 CFR part 1068:
(1) The exemption and importation provisions of 40 CFR part 1068,
subparts C and D, apply for vehicles subject to this part 1037, except
that the hardship exemption provisions of 40 CFR 1068.245, 1068.250, and
1068.255 do not apply for motor vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers may comply with the defect reporting requirements
of 40 CFR 1068.501 instead of the defect reporting requirements of 40
CFR part 85.

[[Page 157]]

(b) Vehicles exempted from the applicable standards of 40 CFR part
86 are exempt from the standards of this part without request.
Similarly, vehicles are exempt without request if the installed engine
is exempted from the applicable standards in 40 CFR part 86.
(c) The prohibitions of 40 CFR 86.1854 apply for vehicles subject to
the requirements of this part. The actions prohibited under this
provision include the introduction into U.S. commerce of a complete or
incomplete vehicle subject to the standards of this part where the
vehicle is not covered by a valid certificate of conformity or
exemption.
(d) Except as specifically allowed by this part, it is a violation
of section 203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)) to
introduce into U.S. commerce a tractor containing an engine not
certified for use in tractors; or to introduce into U.S. commerce a
vocational vehicle containing a light heavy-duty or medium heavy-duty
engine not certified for use in vocational vehicles. This prohibition
applies especially to the vehicle manufacturer.
(e) A vehicle manufacturer that completes assembly of a vehicle at
two or more facilities may ask to use as the date of manufacture for
that vehicle the date on which manufacturing is completed at the place
of main assembly, consistent with provisions of 49 CFR 567.4. Note that
such staged assembly is subject to the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.260(c).
Include your request in your application for certification, along with a
summary of your staged-assembly process. You may ask to apply this
allowance to some or all of the vehicles in your vehicle family. Our
approval is effective when we grant your certificate. We will not
approve your request if we determine that you intend to use this
allowance to circumvent the intent of this part.

Sec. 1037.610 Vehicles with innovative technologies.

(a) You may ask us to apply the provisions of this section for
CO2 emission reductions resulting from vehicle technologies
that were not in common use with heavy-duty vehicles before model year
2010 that are not reflected in the GEM simulation tool. These provisions
may be applied for CO2 emission reductions reflected using
the specified test procedures, provided they are not reflected in the
GEM. We will apply these provisions only for technologies that will
result in measurable, demonstrable, and verifiable real-world
CO2 emission reductions.
(b) The provisions of this section may be applied as either an
improvement factor or as a separate credit, consistent with good
engineering judgment. We recommend that you base your credit/adjustment
on A to B testing of pairs of vehicles differing only with respect to
the technology in question.
(1) Calculate improvement factors as the ratio of in-use emissions
with the technology divided by the in-use emissions without the
technology. Use the improvement-factor approach where good engineering
judgment indicates that the actual benefit will be proportional to
emissions measured over the test procedures specified in this part.
(2) Calculate separate credits (g/ton-mile) based on the difference
between the in-use emission rate with the technology and the in-use
emission rate without the technology. Multiply this difference by the
number of vehicles, standard payload, and useful life. Use the separate-
credit approach where good engineering judgment indicates that the
actual benefit will be not be proportional to emissions measured over
the test procedures specified in this part.
(3) We may require you to discount or otherwise adjust your
improvement factor or credit to account for uncertainty or other
relevant factors.
(c) You may perform A to B testing by measuring emissions from the
vehicles during chassis testing or from in-use on-road testing. We
recommend that you perform on-road testing according to SAE J1321 Joint
TMC/SAE Fuel Consumption Test Procedure Type II Reaffirmed 1986-10 or
SAE J1526 Joint TMC/SAE Fuel Consumption In-Service Test Procedure Type
III Issued 1987-06 (see Sec. 1037.810 for information availability of
SAE standards), subject to the following provisions:
(1) The minimum route distance is 100 miles.
(2) The route selected must be representative in terms of grade. We
will

[[Page 158]]

take into account published and relevant research in determining whether
the grade is representative.
(3) The vehicle speed over the route must be representative of the
drive-cycle weighting adopted for each regulatory subcategory. For
example, if the route selected for an evaluation of a combination
tractor with a sleeper cab contains only interstate driving, the
improvement factor would apply only to 86 percent of the weighted
result.
(4) The ambient air temperature must be between 5 and 35 [deg]C,
unless the technology requires other temperatures for demonstration.
(5) We may allow you to use a Portable Emissions Measurement System
(PEMS) device for measuring CO2 emissions during the on-road
testing.
(d) Send your request to the Designated Compliance Officer. Include
a detailed description of the technology and a recommended test plan.
Also state whether you recommend applying these provisions using the
improvement-factor method or the separate-credit method. We recommend
that you do not begin collecting test data (for submission to EPA)
before contacting us. For technologies for which the engine manufacturer
could also claim credits (such as transmissions in certain
circumstances), we may require you to include a letter from the engine
manufacturer stating that it will not seek credits for the same
technology.
(e) We may seek public comment on your request, consistent with the
provisions of 40 CFR 86.1866. However, we will generally not seek public
comment on credits or adjustments based on A to B chassis testing
performed according to the duty-cycle testing requirements of this part
or in-use testing performed according to paragraph (c) of this section.

Sec. 1037.615 Hybrid vehicles and other advanced technologies.

(a) This section applies for hybrid vehicles with regenerative
braking, vehicles equipped with Rankine-cycle engines, electric
vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. You may not generate credits for
engine features for which the engines generate credits under 40 CFR part
1036.
(b) Generate advanced technology emission credits for hybrid
vehicles that include regenerative braking (or the equivalent) and
energy storage systems, fuel cell vehicles, and vehicles equipped with
Rankine-cycle engines as follows:
(1) Measure the effectiveness of the advanced system by chassis
testing a vehicle equipped with the advanced system and an equivalent
conventional vehicle. Test the vehicles as specified in subpart F of
this part. For purposes of this paragraph (b), a conventional vehicle is
considered to be equivalent if it has the same footprint (as defined in
40 CFR 86.1803), vehicle service class, aerodynamic drag, and other
relevant factors not directly related to the hybrid powertrain. If you
use Sec. 1037.525 to quantify the benefits of a hybrid system for PTO
operation, the conventional vehicle must have same number of PTO
circuits and have equivalent PTO power. If you do not produce an
equivalent vehicle, you may create and test a prototype equivalent
vehicle. The conventional vehicle is considered Vehicle A and the
advanced vehicle is considered Vehicle B. We may specify an alternate
cycle if your vehicle includes a power take-off.
(2) Calculate an improvement factor and g/ton-mile benefit using the
following equations and parameters:
(i) Improvement Factor = [(Emission Rate A)--(Emission Rate B)]/
(Emission Rate A)
(ii) g/ton-mile benefit = Improvement Factor x (GEM Result B)
(iii) Emission Rates A and B are the g/ton-mile CO2
emission rates of the conventional and advanced vehicles, respectively,
as measured under the test procedures specified in this section. GEM
Result B is the g/ton-mile CO2 emission rate resulting from
emission modeling of the advanced vehicle as specified in Sec.
1037.520.
(3) Use the equations of Sec. 1037.705 to convert the g/ton-mile
benefit to emission credits (in Mg). Use the g/ton-mile benefit in place
of the (Std-FEL) term.
(c) See Sec. 1037.525 for special testing provisions related to
hybrid vehicles equipped with power take-off units.

[[Page 159]]

(d) You may use an engineering analysis to calculate an improvement
factor for fuel cell vehicles based on measured emissions from the fuel
cell vehicle.
(e) For electric vehicles, calculate CO2 credits using an
FEL of 0 g/ton-mile.
(f) As specified in subpart H of this part, credits generated under
this section may be used under this part 1037 outside of the averaging
set in which they were generated or used under 40 CFR part 1036.
(g) You may certify using both provisions of this section and the
innovative technology provisions of Sec. 1037.610, provided you do not
double count emission benefits.

Sec. 1037.620 Shipment of incomplete vehicles to secondary vehicle

manufacturers.

This section specifies how manufacturers may introduce partially
complete vehicles into U.S. commerce.
(a) The provisions of this section allow manufacturers to ship
partially complete vehicles to secondary vehicle manufacturers or
otherwise introduce them into U.S. commerce in the following
circumstances:
(1) Tractors. Manufacturers may introduce partially complete
tractors into U.S. commerce if they are covered by a certificate of
conformity for tractors and will be in their certified tractor
configuration before they reach the ultimate purchasers. For example,
this would apply for sleepers initially shipped without the sleeper
compartments attached. Note that delegated assembly provisions may apply
(see 40 CFR 1068.261).
(2) Vocational vehicles. Manufacturers may introduce partially
complete vocational vehicles into U.S. commerce if they are covered by a
certificate of conformity for vocational vehicles and will be in their
certified vocational configuration before they reach the ultimate
purchasers. Note that delegated assembly provisions may apply (see 40
CFR 1068.261).
(3) Uncertified vehicles that will be certified by secondary vehicle
manufacturers. Manufacturers may introduce into U.S. commerce partially
complete vehicles for which they do not hold a certificate of conformity
only as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section.
(b) The provisions of this paragraph (b) generally apply where the
secondary vehicle manufacturer has substantial control over the design
and assembly of emission controls. In determining whether a manufacturer
has substantial control over the design and assembly of emission
controls, we would consider the degree to which the secondary
manufacturer would be able to ensure that the engine and vehicle will
conform to the regulations in their final configurations.
(1) A secondary manufacturer may finish assembly of partially
complete vehicles in the following cases:
(i) It obtains a vehicle that is not fully assembled with the intent
to manufacture a complete vehicle in a certified configuration.
(ii) It obtains a vehicle with the intent to modify it to a
certified configuration before it reaches the ultimate purchaser. For
example, this may apply for converting a gasoline-fueled vehicle to
operate on natural gas under the terms of a valid certificate.
(2) Manufacturers may introduce partially complete vehicles into
U.S. commerce as described in this paragraph (b) if they have a written
request for such vehicles from a secondary vehicle manufacturer that
will finish the vehicle assembly and has certified the vehicle (or the
vehicle has been exempted or excluded from the requirements of this
part). The written request must include a statement that the secondary
manufacturer has a certificate of conformity (or exemption/exclusion)
for the vehicle and identify a valid vehicle family name associated with
each vehicle model ordered (or the basis for an exemption/exclusion).
The original vehicle manufacturer must apply a removable label meeting
the requirements of 40 CFR 1068.45 that identifies the corporate name of
the original manufacturer and states that the vehicle is exempt under
the provisions of Sec. 1037.620. The name of the certifying
manufacturer must also be on the label or, alternatively, on the bill of
lading that accompanies the vehicles during shipment. The original
manufacturer may not apply a permanent emission control information
label identifying

[[Page 160]]

the vehicle's eventual status as a certified vehicle.
(3) If you are the secondary manufacturer and you will hold the
certificate, you must include the following information in your
application for certification:
(i) Identify the original manufacturer of the partially complete
vehicle or of the complete vehicle you will modify.
(ii) Describe briefly how and where final assembly will be
completed. Specify how you have the ability to ensure that the vehicles
will conform to the regulations in their final configuration. (Note:
This section prohibits using the provisions of this paragraph (b) unless
you have substantial control over the design and assembly of emission
controls.)
(iii) State unconditionally that you will not distribute the
vehicles without conforming to all applicable regulations.
(4) If you are a secondary manufacturer and you are already a
certificate holder for other families, you may receive shipment of
partially complete vehicles after you apply for a certificate of
conformity but before the certificate's effective date. This exemption
allows the original manufacturer to ship vehicles after you have applied
for a certificate of conformity. Manufacturers may introduce partially
complete vehicles into U.S. commerce as described in this paragraph
(b)(4) if they have a written request for such vehicles from a secondary
manufacturer stating that the application for certification has been
submitted (instead of the information we specify in paragraph (b)(2) of
this section). We may set additional conditions under this paragraph
(b)(4) to prevent circumvention of regulatory requirements.
(5) Both original and secondary manufacturers must keep the records
described in this section for at least five years, including the written
request for exempted vehicles and the bill of lading for each shipment
(if applicable). The written request is deemed to be a submission to
EPA.
(6) These provisions are intended only to allow secondary
manufacturers to obtain or transport vehicles in the specific
circumstances identified in this section so any exemption under this
section expires when the vehicle reaches the point of final assembly
identified in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section.
(7) For purposes of this section, an allowance to introduce
partially complete vehicles into U.S. commerce includes a conditional
allowance to sell, introduce, or deliver such vehicles into commerce in
the United States or import them into the United States. It does not
include a general allowance to offer such vehicles for sale because this
exemption is intended to apply only for cases in which the certificate
holder already has an arrangement to purchase the vehicles from the
original manufacturer. This exemption does not allow the original
manufacturer to subsequently offer the vehicles for sale to a different
manufacturer who will hold the certificate unless that second
manufacturer has also complied with the requirements of this part. The
exemption does not apply for any individual vehicles that are not
labeled as specified in this section or which are shipped to someone who
is not a certificate holder.
(8) We may suspend, revoke, or void an exemption under this section,
as follows:
(i) We may suspend or revoke your exemption if you fail to meet the
requirements of this section. We may suspend or revoke an exemption
related to a specific secondary manufacturer if that manufacturer sells
vehicles that are in not in a certified configuration in violation of
the regulations. We may disallow this exemption for future shipments to
the affected secondary manufacturer or set additional conditions to
ensure that vehicles will be assembled in the certified configuration.
(ii) We may void an exemption for all the affected vehicles if you
intentionally submit false or incomplete information or fail to keep and
provide to EPA the records required by this section.
(iii) The exemption is void for a vehicle that is shipped to a
company that is not a certificate holder or for a vehicle that is
shipped to a secondary manufacturer that is not in compliance with the
requirements of this section.

[[Page 161]]

(iv) The secondary manufacturer may be liable for penalties for
causing a prohibited act where the exemption is voided due to actions on
the part of the secondary manufacturer.
(c) Provide instructions along with partially complete vehicles
including all information necessary to ensure that an engine will be
installed in its certified configuration.

Sec. 1037.630 Special purpose tractors.

(a) General provisions. This section allows a vehicle manufacturer
to reclassify certain tractors as vocational tractors. Vocational
tractors are treated as vocational vehicles and are exempt from the
standards of Sec. 1037.106. Note that references to ``tractors''
outside of this section mean non-vocational tractors.
(1) This allowance is intended only for vehicles that do not
typically operate at highway speeds, or would otherwise not benefit from
efficiency improvements designed for line-haul tractors. This allowance
is limited to the following vehicle and application types:
(i) Low-roof tractors intended for intra-city pickup and delivery,
such as those that deliver bottled beverages to retail stores.
(ii) Tractors intended for off-road operation (including mixed
service operation), such as those with reinforced frames and increased
ground clearance.
(iii) Tractors with a GCWR over 120,000 pounds.
(2) Where we determine that a manufacturer is not applying this
allowance in good faith, we may require the manufacturer to obtain
preliminary approval before using this allowance.
(b) Requirements. The following requirements apply with respect to
tractors reclassified under this section:
(1) The vehicle must fully conform to all requirements applicable to
vocational vehicles under this part.
(2) Vehicles reclassified under this section must be certified as a
separate vehicle family. However, they remain part of the vocational
regulatory sub-category and averaging set that applies for their weight
class.
(3) You must include the following additional statement on the
vehicle's emission control information label under Sec. 1037.135:
``THIS VEHICLE WAS CERTIFIED AS A VOCATIONAL TRACTOR UNDER 40 CFR
1037.630.''.
(4) You must keep records for three years to document your basis for
believing the vehicles will be used as described in paragraph (a)(1) of
this section. Include in your application for certification a brief
description of your basis.
(c) Production limit. No manufacturer may produce more than 21,000
vehicles under this section in any consecutive three model year period.
This means you may not exceed 6,000 in a given model year if the
combined total for the previous two years was 15,000. The production
limit applies with respect to all Class 7 and Class 8 tractors certified
or exempted as vocational tractors. Note that in most cases, the
provisions of paragraph (a) of this section will limit the allowable
number of vehicles to be a number lower than the production limit of
this paragraph (c).
(d) Off-road exemption. All the provisions of this section apply for
vocational tractors exempted under Sec. 1037.631, except as follows:
(1) The vehicles are required to comply with the requirements of
Sec. 1037.631 instead of the requirements that would otherwise apply to
vocational vehicles. Vehicles complying with the requirements of Sec.
1037.631 and using an engine certified to the standards of 40 CFR part
1036 are deemed to fully conform to all requirements applicable to
vocational vehicles under this part.
(2) The vehicles must be labeled as specified under Sec. 1037.631
instead of as specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.

Sec. 1037.631 Exemption for vocational vehicles intended for off-road use.

This section provides an exemption from the greenhouse gas standards
of this part for certain vocational vehicles intended to be used
extensively in off-road environments such as forests, oil fields, and
construction sites. This section does not exempt the engine used in the
vehicle from the standards of 40 CFR part 86 or part 1036. Note that you
may not include these exempted vehicles in any credit calculations under
this part.

[[Page 162]]

(a) Qualifying criteria. Vocational vehicles intended for off-road
use meeting either the criteria of paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this
section are exempt without request, subject to the provisions of this
section.
(1) Vehicles are exempt if the tires installed on the vehicle have a
maximum speed rating at or below 55 mph.
(2) Vehicles are exempt if they were primarily designed to perform
work off-road (such as in oil fields, forests, or construction sites),
and they meet at least one of the criteria of paragraph (a)(2)(i) of
this section and at least one of the criteria of paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of
this section.
(i) The vehicle must have affixed components designed to work in an
off-road environment (i.e., hazardous material equipment or off-road
drill equipment) or be designed to operate at low speeds such that it is
unsuitable for normal highway operation.
(ii) The vehicle must meet one of the following criteria:
(A) Have an axle that has a gross axle weight rating (GAWR) of
29,000 pounds.
(B) Have a speed attainable in 2 miles of not more than 33 mph.
(C) Have a speed attainable in 2 miles of not more than 45 mph, an
unloaded vehicle weight that is not less than 95 percent of its gross
vehicle weight rating (GVWR), and no capacity to carry occupants other
than the driver and operating crew.
(b) Tractors. The provisions of this section may apply for tractors
only if each tractor qualifies as a vocational tractor under Sec.
1037.630.
(c) Recordkeeping and reporting. (1) You must keep records to
document that your exempted vehicle configurations meet all applicable
requirements of this section. Keep these records for at least eight
years after you stop producing the exempted vehicle model. We may review
these records at any time.
(2) You must also keep records of the individual exempted vehicles
you produce, including the vehicle identification number and a
description of the vehicle configuration.
(3) Within 90 days after the end of each model year, you must send
to the Designated Compliance Officer a report with the following
information:
(i) A description of each exempted vehicle configuration, including
an explanation of why it qualifies for this exemption.
(ii) The number of vehicles exempted for each vehicle configuration.
(d) Labeling. You must include the following additional statement on
the vehicle's emission control information label under Sec. 1037.135:
``THIS VEHICLE WAS EXEMPTED UNDER 40 CFR 1037.631.''.

Sec. 1037.640 Variable vehicle speed limiters.

This section specifies provisions that apply for vehicle speed
limiters (VSLs) that you model under Sec. 1037.520. This does not apply
for VSLs that you do not model under Sec. 1037.520.
(a) General. The regulations of this part do not constrain how you
may design VSLs for your vehicles. For example, you may design your VSL
to have a single fixed speed limit or a soft-top speed limit. You may
also design your VSL to expire after accumulation of a predetermined
number of miles. However, designs with soft tops or expiration features
are subject to proration provisions under this section that do not apply
to fixed VSLs that do not expire.
(b) Definitions. The following definitions apply for purposes of
this section:
(1) Default speed limit means the speed limit that normally applies
for the vehicle, except as follows:
(i) The default speed limit for adjustable VSLs must represent the
speed limit that applies when the VSL is adjusted to its highest setting
under paragraph (c) of this section.
(ii) For VSLs with soft tops, the default speed does not include
speeds possible only during soft-top operation.
(iii) For expiring VSLs, the default does not include speeds that
are possible only after expiration.
(2) Soft-top speed limit means the highest speed limit that applies
during soft-top operation.
(3) Maximum soft-top duration means the maximum amount of time that
a vehicle could operate above the default speed limit.
(4) Certified VSL means a VSL configuration that applies when a
vehicle is new and until it expires.

[[Page 163]]

(5) Expiration point means the mileage at which a vehicle's
certified VSL expires (or the point at which tamper protections expire).
(6) Effective speed limit has the meaning given in paragraph (d) of
this section.
(c) Adjustments. You may design your VSL to be adjustable; however,
this may affect the value you use in the GEM.
(1) Except as specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, any
adjustments that can be made to the engine, vehicle, or their controls
that change the VSL's actual speed limit are considered to be adjustable
operating parameters. Compliance is based on the vehicle being adjusted
to the highest speed limit within this range.
(2) The following adjustments are not adjustable parameters:
(i) Adjustments made only to account for changing tire size or final
drive ratio.
(ii) Adjustments protected by encrypted controls or passwords.
(iii) Adjustments possible only after the VSL's expiration point.
(d) Effective speed limit. (1) For VSLs without soft tops or
expiration points that expire before 1,259,000 miles, the effective
speed limit is the highest speed limit that results by adjusting the VSL
or other vehicle parameters consistent with the provisions of paragraph
(c) of this section.
(2) For VSLs with soft tops and/or expiration points, the effective
speed limit is calculated as specified in this paragraph (d)(2), which
is based on 10 hours of operation per day (394 miles per day for day
cabs and 551 miles per day for sleeper cabs). Note that this calculation
assumes that a fraction of this operation is speed limited (3.9 hours
and 252 miles for day cabs, and 7.3 hours and 474 miles for sleeper
cabs). Use the following equation to calculate the effective speed
limit, rounded to the nearest 0.1 mph:

Effective speed = ExF * [STF* STSL + (1-STF) * DSL] + (1-ExF)*65 mph

Where:

ExF = expiration point miles/1,259,000 miles
STF = maximum number of allowable soft top operation hours per day/3.9
hours for day cabs (or maximum miles per day/252)
STF = maximum number of allowable soft top operation hours per day/7.3
hours for sleeper cabs (or maximum miles per day/474)
STSL = the soft top speed limit
DSL = the default speed limit

Sec. 1037.645 In-use compliance with family emission limits (FELs).

You may ask us to apply a higher in-use FEL for certain in-use
vehicles, subject to the provisions of this section. Note that Sec.
1037.225 contains provisions related to changing FELs during a model
year.
(a) Purpose. This section is intended to address circumstances in
which it is in the public interest to apply a higher in-use FEL based on
forfeiting an appropriate number of emission credits.
(b) FELs. We may apply higher in-use FELs to your vehicles as
follows:
(1) Where your vehicle family includes more than one sub-family with
different FELs, we may apply a higher FEL within the family than was
applied to the vehicle's configuration in your final ABT report. For
example, if your vehicle family included three sub-families with FELs of
200 g/ton-mile, 210 g/ton-mile, and 220 g/ton-mile, we may apply a 220
g/ton-mile in-use FEL to vehicles that were originally designated as
part of the 200 g/ton-mile or 210 g/ton-mile sub-families.
(2) Without regard to the number of sub-families in your certified
vehicle family, we may specify new sub-families with higher FELs than
were included in your final ABT report. We may apply these higher FELs
as in-use FELs for your vehicles. For example, if your vehicle family
included three sub-families with FELs of 200 g/ton-mile, 210 g/ton-mile,
and 220 g/ton-mile, we may specify a new 230 g/ton-mile sub-family.
(3) In specifying sub-families and in-use FELs, we would intend to
accurately reflect the actual in-use performance of your vehicles,
consistent with the specified testing and modeling provisions of this
part.
(c) Equivalent families. We may apply the higher FELs to other
families in other model years if they used equivalent emission controls.
(d) Credit forfeiture. Where we specify higher in-use FELs under
this section, you must forfeit CO2 emission credits

[[Page 164]]

based on the difference between the in-use FEL and the otherwise
applicable FEL. Calculate the amount of credits to be forfeited using
the applicable equation in Sec. 1037.705, by substituting the otherwise
applicable FEL for the standard and the in-use FEL for the otherwise
applicable FEL.
(e) Requests. Submit your request to the Designated Compliance
Officer. Include the following in your request:
(1) The vehicle family name, model year, and name/description of the
configuration(s) affected.
(2) A list of other vehicle families/configurations/model years that
may be affected.
(3) The otherwise applicable FEL for each configuration along with
your recommendations for higher in-use FELs.
(4) Your source of credits for forfeiture.
(f) Relation to recall. You may not request higher in-use FELs for
any vehicle families for which we have made a determination of
nonconformance and ordered a recall. You may, however, make such
requests for vehicle families for which you are performing a voluntary
emission recall.
(g) Approval. We may approve your request if we determine that you
meet the requirements of this section and such approval is in the public
interest. We may include appropriate conditions with our approval or we
may approve your request with modifications.

Sec. 1037.650 Tire manufacturers.

This section describes how the requirements of this part apply with
respect to tire manufacturers that choose to provide test data or
emission warranties for purposes of this part.
(a) Testing. You are responsible as follows for test tires and
emission test results that you provide to vehicle manufacturers for the
purpose of the manufacturer submitting them to EPA for certification
under this part:
(1) Such test results are deemed under Sec. 1037.825 to be
submissions to EPA. This means that you may be subject to criminal
penalties under 18 U.S.C. 1001 if you knowingly submit false test
results to the manufacturer.
(2) You may not cause a vehicle manufacturer to violate the
regulations by rendering inaccurate emission test results you provide
(or emission test results from testing of test tires you provide) to the
vehicle manufacturer.
(3) Your provision of test tires and emission test results to
vehicle manufacturers for the purpose of certifying under this part is
deemed to be an agreement to provide tires to EPA for confirmatory
testing under Sec. 1037.201.
(b) Warranty. You may contractually agree to process emission
warranty claims on behalf of the manufacturer certifying the vehicle
with respect to tires you produce.
(1) Your fulfillment of the warranty requirements of this part is
deemed to fulfill the vehicle manufacturer's warranty obligations under
this part with respect to tires you warrant.
(2) You may not cause a vehicle manufacturer to violate the
regulations by failing to fulfill the emission warranty requirements
that you contractually agreed to fulfill.

Sec. 1037.655 Post-useful life vehicle modifications.

This section specifies vehicle modifications that may occur after a
vehicle reaches the end of its regulatory useful life. It does not apply
with respect to modifications that occur within the useful life period.
It also does not apply with respect to engine modifications or
recalibrations. Note that many such modifications to the vehicle during
the useful life and to the engine at any time are presumed to violate 42
U.S.C. 7522(a)(3)(A).
(a) General. Except as allowed by this section, it is prohibited for
any person to remove or render inoperative any emission control device
installed to comply with the requirements of this part 1037.
(b) Allowable modifications. You may modify a vehicle for the
purpose of reducing emissions, provided you have a reasonable technical
basis for knowing that such modification will not increase emissions of
any other pollutant. Reasonable technical basis has the meaning given in
40 CFR 1068.30. This generally requires you to have information that
would lead an engineer or other person familiar with engine and vehicle
design and function to reasonably believe that the modifications will

[[Page 165]]

not increase emissions of any regulated pollutant.
(c) Examples of allowable modifications. The following are examples
of allowable modifications:
(1) It is generally allowable to remove tractor roof fairings after
the end of the vehicle's useful life if the vehicle will no longer be
used primarily to pull box trailers.
(2) Other fairings may be removed after the end of the vehicle's
useful life if the vehicle will no longer be used significantly on
highways with vehicle speed of 55 miles per hour or higher.
(d) Examples of prohibited modifications. The following are examples
of modifications that are not allowable:
(1) No person may disable a vehicle speed limiter prior to its
expiration point.
(2) No person may remove aerodynamic fairings from tractors that are
used primarily to pull box trailers on highways.

Sec. 1037.660 Automatic engine shutdown systems.

This section specifies requirements that apply for certified
automatic engine shutdown systems (AES) that are modeled under Sec.
1037.520. It does not apply for AES systems that you do not model under
Sec. 1037.520.
(a) Minimum requirements. Your AES system must meet all of the
requirements of this paragraph (a) to be modeled under Sec. 1037.520.
The system must shut down the engine within 300 seconds when all the
following conditions are met:
(1) The transmission is set in neutral with the parking brake
engaged (or the transmission is set to park if so equipped).
(2) The operator has not reset the system timer within the 300
seconds by changing the position of the accelerator, brake, or clutch
pedal; or by some other mechanism we approve.
(3) None of the override conditions of paragraph (b) of this section
are met.
(b) Override conditions. The system may delay shutting the engine
down while any of the conditions of this paragraph (b) apply. Engines
equipped with auto restart may restart during override conditions. Note
that these conditions allow the system to delay shutdown or restart, but
do not allow it to reset the timer. The system may delay shutdown--
(1) While an exhaust emission control device is regenerating. The
period considered to be regeneration for purposes of this allowance must
be consistent with good engineering judgment and may differ in length
from the period considered to be regeneration for other purposes. For
example, in some cases it may be appropriate to include a cool down
period for this purpose but not for infrequent regeneration adjustment
factors.
(2) If necessary while servicing the vehicle, provided the
deactivation of the AES system is accomplished using a diagnostic scan
tool. The system must be automatically reactivated when the engine is
shutdown for more than 60 minutes.
(3) If the vehicle's main battery state-of-charge is not sufficient
to allow the main engine to be restarted.
(4) If the external ambient temperature reaches a level below which
or above which the cabin temperature cannot be maintained within
reasonable heat or cold exposure threshold limit values for the health
and safety of the operator (not merely comfort).
(5) If the vehicle's engine coolant temperature is too low according
to the manufacturer's engine protection guidance. This may also apply
for fuel or oil temperatures. This allows the engine to continue
operating until it reaches a predefined temperature at which the
shutdown sequence of paragraph (a) of this section would resume.
(6) The system may delay shutdown while the vehicle's main engine is
operating in power take-off (PTO) mode. For purposes of this paragraph
(b)(6), an engine is considered to be in PTO mode when a switch or
setting designating PTO mode is enabled.
(c) Expiration of AES systems. The AES system may include an
expiration point (in miles) after which the AES system may be disabled.
If your vehicle is equipped with an expiring AES system that expires
before 1,259,000 miles adjust the model input as follows:

Input = 5 g CO2/ton-mile x (miles at expiration/1,259,000
miles)

(d) Adjustable parameters. Provisions that apply generally with
respect to

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adjustable parameters also apply to the AES system operating parameters,
except the following are not considered to be adjustable parameters:
(1) Accelerator, brake, and clutch pedals, with respect to resetting
the idle timer. Parameters associated with other timer reset mechanisms
we approve are also not adjustable parameters.
(2) Bypass parameters allowed for vehicle service under paragraph
(b)(2) of this section.
(3) Parameters that are adjustable only after the expiration point.

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

Sec. 1037.701 General provisions.

(a) You may average, bank, and trade (ABT) emission credits for
purposes of certification as described in this subpart and in subpart B
of this part to show compliance with the standards of Sec. Sec.
1037.105 and 1037.106. Participation in this program is voluntary.
(b) The definitions of Subpart I of this part apply to this subpart.
The following definitions also apply:
(1) Actual emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have verified by reviewing your final report.
(2) Averaging set means a set of vehicles in which emission credits
may be exchanged. Credits generated by one vehicle may only be used by
other vehicles in the same averaging set. Note that an averaging set may
comprise more than one regulatory subcategory. See Sec. 1037.740.
(3) Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission
credits between a buyer and seller.
(4) Buyer means the entity that receives emission credits as a
result of a trade.
(5) Reserved emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have not yet verified by reviewing your final report.
(6) Seller means `the entity that provides emission credits during a
trade.
(7) Standard means the emission standard that applies under subpart
B of this part for vehicles not participating in the ABT program of this
subpart.
(8) Trade means to exchange emission credits, either as a buyer or
seller.
(c) Emission credits may be exchanged only within an averaging set
as specified in Sec. 1037.740.
(d) You may not use emission credits generated under this subpart to
offset any emissions that exceed an FEL or standard, except as allowed
by Sec. 1037.645.
(e) You may trade emission credits generated from any number of your
vehicles to the vehicle purchasers or other parties to retire the
credits. Identify any such credits in the reports described in Sec.
1037.730. Vehicles must comply with the applicable FELs even if you
donate or sell the corresponding emission credits under this paragraph
(e). Those credits may no longer be used by anyone to demonstrate
compliance with any EPA emission standards.
(f) Emission credits may be used in the model year they are
generated. Surplus emission credits may be banked for future model
years. Surplus emission credits may sometimes be used for past model
years, as described in Sec. 1037.745.
(g) You may increase or decrease an FEL during the model year by
amending your application for certification under Sec. 1037.225. The
new FEL may apply only to vehicles you have not already introduced into
commerce.
(h) See Sec. 1037.740 for special credit provisions that apply for
credits generated under Sec. 1037.104(d)(7), Sec. 1037.615 or 40 CFR
1036.615.
(i) Unless the regulations explicitly allow it, you may not
calculate credits more than once for any emission reduction. For
example, if you generate CO2 emission credits for a given
hybrid vehicle under this part, no one may generate CO2
emission credits for the hybrid engine under 40 CFR part 1036. However,
credits could be generated for identical engine used in vehicles that
did not generate credits under this part.

Sec. 1037.705 Generating and calculating emission credits.

(a) The provisions of this section apply separately for calculating
emission credits for each pollutant.

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(b) For each participating family or subfamily, calculate positive
or negative emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable
emission standard. Calculate positive emission credits for a family or
subfamily that has an FEL below the standard. Calculate negative
emission credits for a family or subfamily that has an FEL above the
standard. Sum your positive and negative credits for the model year
before rounding. Round the sum of emission credits to the nearest
megagram (Mg), using consistent units throughout the following
equations:
(1) For vocational vehicles:

Emission credits (Mg) = (Std-FEL) x (Payload Tons) x (Volume) x (UL) x
(10^-6)

Where:

Std = the emission standard associated with the specific tractor
regulatory subcategory (g/ton-mile).
FEL = the family emission limit for the vehicle subfamily (g/ton-mile).
Payload tons = the prescribed payload for each class in tons (2.85 tons
for light heavy-duty vehicles, 5.6 tons for medium heavy-duty
vehicles, and 7.5 tons for heavy heavy-duty vehicles).
Volume = U.S.-directed production volume of the vehicle subfamily. For
example, if you produce three configurations with the same
FEL, the subfamily production volume would be the sum of the
production volumes for these three configurations.
UL = useful life of the vehicle (110,000 miles for light heavy-duty
vehicles, 185,000 miles for medium heavy-duty vehicles, and
435,000 miles for heavy heavy-duty vehicles).

(2) For tractors:

Emission credits (Mg) = (Std-FEL) x (Payload tons) x (Volume) x (UL) x
(10^-6)

Where:

Std = the emission standard associated with the specific tractor
regulatory subcategory (g/ton-mile).
FEL = the family emission limit for the vehicle subfamily (g/ton-mile).
Payload tons = the prescribed payload for each class in tons (12.5 tons
for Class 7 and 19 tons for Class 8).
Volume = U.S.-directed production volume of the vehicle subfamily.
UL = useful life of the tractor (435,000 miles for Class 8 and 185,000
miles for Class 7).

(c) As described in Sec. 1037.730, compliance with the requirements
of this subpart is determined at the end of the model year based on
actual U.S.-directed production volumes. Keep appropriate records to
document these production volumes. Do not include any of the following
vehicles to calculate emission credits:
(1) Vehicles that you do not certify to the CO2 standards
of this part because they are permanently exempted under subpart G of
this part or under 40 CFR part 1068.
(2) Exported vehicles.
(3) Vehicles not subject to the requirements of this part, such as
those excluded under Sec. 1037.5.
(4) Any other vehicles, where we indicate elsewhere in this part
1037 that they are not to be included in the calculations of this
subpart.

Sec. 1037.710 Averaging.

(a) Averaging is the exchange of emission credits among your vehicle
families. You may average emission credits only within the same
averaging set.
(b) You may certify one or more vehicle families (or subfamilies) to
an FEL above the applicable standard, subject to any applicable FEL caps
and other provisions in subpart B of this part, if you show in your
application for certification that your projected balance of all
emission-credit transactions in that model year is greater than or equal
to zero or that a negative balance is allowed under Sec. 1037.745.
(c) If you certify a vehicle family to an FEL that exceeds the
otherwise applicable standard, you must obtain enough emission credits
to offset the vehicle family's deficit by the due date for the final
report required in Sec. 1037.730. The emission credits used to address
the deficit may come from your other vehicle families that generate
emission credits in the same model year (or from later model years as
specified in Sec. 1037.745), from emission credits you have banked, or
from emission credits you obtain through trading.

[[Page 168]]

Sec. 1037.715 Banking.

(a) Banking is the retention of surplus emission credits by the
manufacturer generating the emission credits for use in future model
years for averaging or trading.
(b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the
reports you submit under Sec. 1037.730 as reserved credits. During the
model year and before the due date for the final report, you may
designate your reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
(c) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit
your final report. However, we may revoke these emission credits if we
are unable to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your
records.
(d) Banked credits retain the designation of the averaging set in
which they were generated.

Sec. 1037.720 Trading.

(a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between
manufacturers, or the transfer of credits to another party to retire
them. You may use traded emission credits for averaging, banking, or
further trading transactions. Traded emission credits remain subject to
the averaging-set restrictions based on the averaging set in which they
were generated.
(b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this
subpart. You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may revoke
these emission credits based on our review of your records or reports or
those of the company with which you traded emission credits. You may
trade banked credits within an averaging set to any certifying
manufacturer.
(c) If a negative emission credit balance results from a
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we
deem to involve fraud. See Sec. 1037.255(e) for cases involving fraud.
We may void the certificates of all vehicle families participating in a
trade that results in a manufacturer having a negative balance of
emission credits. See Sec. 1037.745.

Sec. 1037.725 What must I include in my application for certification?

(a) You must declare in your application for certification your
intent to use the provisions of this subpart for each vehicle family
that will be certified using the ABT program. You must also declare the
FELs you select for the vehicle family or subfamily for each pollutant
for which you are using the ABT program. Your FELs must comply with the
specifications of subpart B of this part, including the FEL caps. FELs
must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the applicable
standards.
(b) Include the following in your application for certification:
(1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have
a negative balance of emission credits for any averaging set when all
emission credits are calculated at the end of the year; or a statement
that you will have a negative balance of emission credits for one or
more averaging sets but that it is allowed under Sec. 1037.745.
(2) Calculations of projected emission credits (positive or
negative) based on projected U.S.-directed production volumes. We may
require you to include similar calculations from your other vehicle
families to project your net credit balances for the model year. If you
project negative emission credits for a family or subfamily, state the
source of positive emission credits you expect to use to offset the
negative emission credits.

Sec. 1037.730 ABT reports.

(a) If any of your vehicle families are certified using the ABT
provisions of this subpart, you must send an end-of-year report within
90 days after the end of the model year and a final report within 270
days after the end of the model year.
(b) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
information for each vehicle family participating in the ABT program:
(1) Vehicle-family and subfamily designations.
(2) The regulatory subcategory and emission standards that would
otherwise apply to the vehicle family.
(3) The FEL for each pollutant. If you change the FEL after the
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new
FEL and/or give the vehicle identification number for the first vehicle
covered by the new

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FEL. In this case, identify each applicable FEL and calculate the
positive or negative emission credits as specified in Sec. 1037.225.
(4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for
the model year. If you changed an FEL during the model year, identify
the actual production volume associated with each FEL.
(5) Useful life.
(6) Calculated positive or negative emission credits for the whole
vehicle family. Identify any emission credits that you traded, as
described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(7) If you have a negative credit balance for the averaging set in
the given model year, specify whether the vehicle family (or certain
subfamilies with the vehicle family) have a credit deficit for the year.
Consider for example, a manufacturer with three vehicle families (``A'',
``B'', and ``C'') in a given averaging set. If family A generates enough
credits to offset the negative credits of family B but not enough to
also offset the negative credits of family C (and the manufacturer has
no banked credits in the averaging set), the manufacturer may designate
families A and B as having no deficit for the model year, provided it
designates family C as having a deficit for the model year.
(c) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
additional information:
(1) Show that your net balance of emission credits from all your
participating vehicle families in each averaging set in the applicable
model year is not negative, except as allowed under Sec. 1037.745.
(2) State whether you will reserve any emission credits for banking.
(3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
(d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within
90 days after the transaction, as follows:
(1) As the seller, you must include the following information in
your report:
(i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) The vehicle families that generated emission credits for the
trade, including the number of emission credits from each family.
(2) As the buyer, you must include the following information in your
report:
(i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the
number of emission credits you intend to apply to each vehicle family
(if known).
(e) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(f) Correct errors in your end-of-year report or final report as
follows:
(1) You may correct any errors in your end-of-year report when you
prepare the final report, as long as you send us the final report by the
time it is due.
(2) If you or we determine within 270 days after the end of the
model year that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission
credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of
emission credits. You may not make these corrections for errors that are
determined more than 270 days after the end of the model year. If you
report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow
corrections under this paragraph (f)(2).
(3) If you or we determine anytime that errors mistakenly increased
your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors and
recalculate the balance of emission credits.

Sec. 1037.735 Recordkeeping.

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these records in any format and on any media, as long as you can
promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask for
them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review them
at any time.
(c) Keep a copy of the reports we require in Sec. Sec. 1037.725 and
1037.730.
(d) Keep records of the vehicle identification number for each
vehicle you produce that generates or uses emission credits under the
ABT program. You may identify these numbers as a range. If you change
the FEL after the start of production, identify the date you started
using each FEL and the range of vehicle identification numbers
associated with each FEL. You must also identify the purchaser and
destination for each vehicle you produce to the extent this information
is available.
(e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us
relevant information not required by this section in accordance with the
Clean Air Act.

Sec. 1037.740 Restrictions for using emission credits.

The following restrictions apply for using emission credits:
(a) Averaging sets. Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this
section, emission credits may be exchanged only within an averaging set.
There are three principal averaging sets for vehicles subject to this
subpart.
(1) Vehicles at or below 19,500 pounds GVWR that are subject to the
standards of Sec. 1037.105.
(2) Vehicles above 19,500 pounds GVWR but at or below 33,000 pounds
GVWR.
(3) Vehicles over 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(4) Note that other separate averaging sets also apply for emission
credits not related to this subpart. For example, under Sec. 1037.104,
an additional averaging set comprises all vehicles subject to the
standards of that section. Separate averaging sets also apply for
engines under 40 CFR part 1036, including engines used in vehicles
subject to this subpart.
(b) Credits from hybrid vehicles and other advanced technologies.
The averaging set restrictions of paragraph (a) of this section do not
apply for credits generated under Sec. 1037.104(d)(7), Sec. 1037.615
or 40 CFR 1036.615 from hybrid vehicles with regenerative braking, or
from other advanced technologies.
(1) The maximum amount of credits you may bring into the following
service class groups is 60,000 Mg per model year:
(i) Spark-ignition engines, light heavy-duty compression-ignition
engines, and light heavy-duty vehicles. This group comprises the
averaging set listed in paragraphs (a)(1) of this section and the
averaging set listed in 40 CFR 1036.740(a)(1) and (2).
(ii) Medium heavy-duty compression-ignition engines and medium
heavy-duty vehicles. This group comprises the averaging sets listed in
paragraph (a)(2) of this section and 40 CFR 1036.740(a)(3).
(iii) Heavy heavy-duty compression-ignition engines and heavy heavy-
duty vehicles. This group comprises the averaging sets listed in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section and 40 CFR 1036.740(a)(4).
(2) The limit specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section does not
limit the amount of advanced technology credits that can be used within
a service class group if they were generated in that same service class
group.
(c) Credit life. Credits expire after five years.
(d) Other restrictions. Other sections of this part specify
additional restrictions for using emission credits under certain special
provisions.

Sec. 1037.745 End-of-year CO2 credit deficits.

Except as allowed by this section, we may void the certificate of
any vehicle family certified to an FEL above the applicable standard for
which you do not have sufficient credits by the deadline for submitting
the final report.
(a) Your certificate for a vehicle family for which you do not have
sufficient CO2 credits will not be void if you remedy the
deficit with surplus credits within three model years. For example, if
you have a credit deficit of 500 Mg for a vehicle family at the end of
model year 2015, you must generate (or otherwise obtain) a surplus of at
least 500 Mg in that same averaging set by the end of model year 2018.

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(b) You may apply only surplus credits to your deficit. You may not
apply credits to a deficit from an earlier model year if they were
generated in a model year for which any of your vehicle families for
that averaging set had an end-of-year credit deficit.
(c) If you do not remedy the deficit with surplus credits within
three model years, we may void your certificate for that vehicle family.
Note that voiding a certificate applies ab initio. Where the net deficit
is less than the total amount of negative credits originally generated
by the family, we will void the certificate only with respect to the
number of vehicles needed to reach the amount of the net deficit. For
example, if the original vehicle family generated 500 Mg of negative
credits, and the manufacturer's net deficit after three years was 250
Mg, we would void the certificate with respect to half of the vehicles
in the family.

Sec. 1037.750 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this

subpart?

(a) For each vehicle family participating in the ABT program, the
certificate of conformity is conditioned upon full compliance with the
provisions of this subpart during and after the model year. You are
responsible to establish to our satisfaction that you fully comply with
applicable requirements. We may void the certificate of conformity for a
vehicle family if you fail to comply with any provisions of this
subpart.
(b) You may certify your vehicle family or subfamily to an FEL above
an applicable standard based on a projection that you will have enough
emission credits to offset the deficit for the vehicle family. See Sec.
1037.745 for provisions specifying what happens if you cannot show in
your final report that you have enough actual emission credits to offset
a deficit for any pollutant in a vehicle family.
(c) We may void the certificate of conformity for a vehicle family
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information we
request. Note that failing to keep records, send reports, or give us
information we request is also a violation of 42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(2).
(d) You may ask for a hearing if we void your certificate under this
section (see Sec. 1037.820).

Sec. 1037.755 Information provided to the Department of Transportation.

After receipt of each manufacturer's final report as specified in
Sec. 1037.730 and completion of any verification testing required to
validate the manufacturer's submitted final data, we will issue a report
to the Department of Transportation with CO2 emission
information and will verify the accuracy of each manufacturer's
equivalent fuel consumption data required by NHTSA under 49 CFR 535.8.
We will send a report to DOT for each vehicle manufacturer based on each
regulatory category and subcategory, including sufficient information
for NHTSA to determine fuel consumption and associated credit values.
See 49 CFR 535.8 to determine if NHTSA deems submission of this
information to EPA to also be a submission to NHTSA.

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1037.801 Definitions.

The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply
to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the
meaning the Act gives to them. The definitions follow:
A to B testing means testing performed in pairs to allow comparison
of vehicle A to vehicle B.
Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.
Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design
that someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access)
and that, if adjusted, may affect measured or modeled emissions (as
applicable). You may ask us to exclude a parameter that is difficult to
access if it cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without
significantly degrading vehicle performance, or if you otherwise show us
that it will not be adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in-
use operation.
Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight means the numerical average of
vehicle curb weight and GVWR.

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Advanced technology means vehicle technology certified under Sec.
1037.615, Sec. 1037.104(d)(7), or 40 CFR 1036.615.
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream
of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to
decrease emissions in the vehicle exhaust before it is exhausted to the
environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) and turbochargers are not
aftertreatment.
Alcohol-fueled vehicle means a vehicle that is designed to run using
an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do not
include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below 25 percent by volume.
Auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or any
other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.
Averaging set has the meaning given in Sec. 1037.701.
Cab-complete vehicle means a vehicle that is first sold as an
incomplete vehicle that substantially includes its cab. Vehicles known
commercially as chassis-cabs, cab-chassis, box-deletes, bed-deletes,
cut-away vans are considered cab-complete vehicles. For purposes of this
definition, a cab includes a steering column and passenger compartment.
Note a vehicle lacking some components of the cab is a cab-complete
vehicle if it substantially includes the cab.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Carbon-related exhaust emissions (CREE) has the meaning given in 40
CFR 600.002. Note that CREE represents the combined mass of carbon
emitted as HC, CO, and CO2, expressed as having a molecular
weight equal to that of CO2.
Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year.
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for a vehicle family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in a vehicle family for a given pollutant from either transient or
steady-state testing.
Class means relating to GVWR classes, as follows:
(1) Class 2b means heavy-duty motor vehicles at or below 10,000
pounds GVWR.
(2) Class 3 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR
but at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR.
(3) Class 4 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR
but at or below 16,000 pounds GVWR.
(4) Class 5 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 16,000 pounds GVWR
but at or below 19,500 pounds GVWR.
(5) Class 6 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 19,500 pounds GVWR
but at or below 26,000 pounds GVWR.
(6) Class 7 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 26,000 pounds GVWR
but at or below 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(7) Class 8 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 33,000 pounds
GVWR.
Complete vehicle has the meaning given in the definition of vehicle
in this section.
Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine.
Curb weight has the meaning given in 40 CFR 86.1803, consistent with
the provisions of Sec. 1037.140.
Date of manufacture means the date on which the certifying vehicle
manufacturer completes its manufacturing operations, except as follows:
(1) Where the certificate holder is an engine manufacturer that does
not manufacture the chassis, the date of manufacture of the vehicle is
based on the date assembly of the vehicle is completed.
(2) We may approve an alternate date of manufacture based on the
date on which the certifying (or primary) manufacturer completes
assembly at the place of main assembly, consistent with the provisions
of Sec. 1037.601 and 49 CFR 567.4.

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Day cab means a type of tractor cab that is not a sleeper cab.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy-Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement
Division (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data vehicle. Note that where no
deterioration factor applies, references in this part to the
deteriorated emission level mean the official emission result.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the
end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point, expressed
in one of the following ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions
at the end of useful life to emissions at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test
point.
Driver model means an automated controller that simulates a person
driving a vehicle.
Electric vehicle means a vehicle that does not include an engine,
and is powered solely by an external source of electricity and/or solar
power. Note that this does not include electric hybrid or fuel-cell
vehicles that use a chemical fuel such as gasoline, diesel fuel, or
hydrogen. Electric vehicles may also be referred to as all-electric
vehicles to distinguish them from hybrid vehicles.
Emission control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants
from a vehicle.
Emission-data vehicle means a vehicle that is tested for
certification. This includes vehicle tested to establish deterioration
factors.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Excluded means relating to vehicles that are not subject to some or
all of the requirements of this part as follows:
(1) A vehicle that has been determined not to be a motor vehicle is
excluded from this part.
(2) Certain vehicles are excluded from the requirements of this part
under Sec. 1037.5.
(3) Specific regulatory provisions of this part may exclude a
vehicle generally subject to this part from one or more specific
standards or requirements of this part.
Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission
standard under the ABT program in subpart H of this part. The family
emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as
the emission standard it replaces. Note that an FEL may apply as a
``subfamily'' emission limit.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering,
and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s),
including the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel lines, carburetor
or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system vents. It also
includes components for controlling evaporative emissions, such as fuel
caps, purge valves, and carbon canisters.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as diesel fuel or
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type,
such as high-sulfur or low-sulfur diesel fuel.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good
engineering judgment.
Gross combination weight rating (GCWR) means the value specified by
the vehicle manufacturer as the maximum weight of a loaded vehicle and
trailer, consistent with good engineering judgment. For example,
compliance with SAE J2807 is generally considered to be consistent with
good engineering

[[Page 174]]

judgment, especially for Class 3 and smaller vehicles.
Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) means the value specified by the
vehicle manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single
vehicle, consistent with good engineering judgment.
Heavy-duty engine means any engine used for (or for which the engine
manufacturer could reasonably expect to be used for) motive power in a
heavy-duty vehicle.
Heavy-duty vehicle means any motor vehicle above 8,500 pounds GVWR
or that has a vehicle curb weight above 6,000 pounds or that has a basic
vehicle frontal area greater than 45 square feet.
Hybrid engine or hybrid powertrain means an engine or powertrain
that includes energy storage features other than a conventional battery
system or conventional flywheel. Supplemental electrical batteries and
hydraulic accumulators are examples of hybrid energy storage systems.
Note that certain provisions in this part treat hybrid engines and
powertrains intended for vehicles that include regenerative braking
different than those intended for vehicles that do not include
regenerative braking.
Hybrid vehicle means a vehicle that includes energy storage features
(other than a conventional battery system or conventional flywheel) in
addition to an internal combustion engine or other engine using
consumable chemical fuel. Supplemental electrical batteries and
hydraulic accumulators are examples of hybrid energy storage systems.
Note that certain provisions in this part treat hybrid vehicles that
include regenerative braking different than those that do not include
regenerative braking.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type. For alcohol-fueled vehicles, HC
means nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE) for exhaust emissions
and total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) for evaporative emissions. For
all other vehicles, HC means nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) for exhaust
emissions and total hydrocarbon (THC) for evaporative emissions.
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular vehicle from other similar vehicles.
Incomplete vehicle has the meaning given in the definition of
vehicle in this section.
Innovative technology means technology certified under Sec.
1037.610.
Light-duty truck means any motor vehicle rated at or below 8,500
pounds GVWR with a curb weight at or below 6,000 pounds and basic
vehicle frontal area at or below 45 square feet, which is:
(1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or
is a derivation of such a vehicle; or
(2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a
capacity of more than 12 persons; or
(3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-
highway operation and use.
Light-duty vehicle means a passenger car or passenger car derivative
capable of seating 12 or fewer passengers.
Low-mileage means relating to a vehicle with stabilized emissions
and represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally
involve approximately 4000 miles of operation.
Low rolling resistance tire means a tire on a vocational vehicle
with a TRRL at or below of 7.7 kg/metric ton, a steer tire on a tractor
with a TRRL at or below 7.7 kg/metric ton, or a drive tire on a tractor
with a TRRL at or below 8.1 kg/metric ton.
Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing,
constructing, and/or assembling a vehicle.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures a vehicle or
vehicle for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new
motor vehicle into commerce in the United States. This includes
importers who import vehicles or vehicles for resale.
Medium-duty passenger vehicle (MDPV) has the meaning given in 40 CFR
86.1803.
Model year means the manufacturer's annual new model production
period,

[[Page 175]]

except as restricted under this definition and 40 CFR part 85, subpart
X. It must include January 1 of the calendar year for which the model
year is named, may not begin before January 2 of the previous calendar
year, and it must end by December 31 of the named calendar year.
(1) The manufacturer who holds the certificate of conformity for the
vehicle must assign the model year based on the date when its
manufacturing operations are completed relative to its annual model year
period. In unusual circumstances where completion of your assembly is
delayed, we may allow you to assign a model year one year earlier,
provided it does not affect which regulatory requirements will apply.
(2) Unless a vehicle is being shipped to a secondary manufacturer
that will hold the certificate of conformity, the model year must be
assigned prior to introduction of the vehicle into U.S. commerce. The
certifying manufacturer must redesignate the model year if it does not
complete its manufacturing operations within the originally identified
model year. A vehicle introduced into U.S. commerce without a model year
is deemed to have a model year equal to the calendar year of its
introduction into U.S. commerce unless the certifying manufacturer
assigns a later date.
Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703.
New motor vehicle means a motor vehicle meeting the criteria of
either paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition. New motor vehicles may
be complete or incomplete.
(1) A motor vehicle for which the ultimate purchaser has never
received the equitable or legal title is a new motor vehicle. This kind
of vehicle might commonly be thought of as ``brand new'' although a new
motor vehicle may include previously used parts. Under this definition,
the vehicle is new from the time it is produced until the ultimate
purchaser receives the title or places it into service, whichever comes
first.
(2) An imported heavy-duty motor vehicle originally produced after
the 1969 model year is a new motor vehicle.
Noncompliant vehicle means a vehicle that was originally covered by
a certificate of conformity, but is not in the certified configuration
or otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming vehicle means a vehicle not covered by a certificate
of conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) means the sum of all hydrocarbon
species except methane, as measured according to 40 CFR part 1065.
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data vehicle on a given duty cycle before the application of
any required deterioration factor, but after the applicability of
regeneration adjustment factors.
Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared
by the vehicle manufacturer for the owners or operators to describe
appropriate vehicle maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other
information related to operating or keeping the vehicle. The owners
manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of
sale.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Particulate trap means a filtering device that is designed to
physically trap all particulate matter above a certain size.
Percent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. Note that this
means percentages identified in this part are assumed to be infinitely
precise without regard to the number of significant figures. For
example, one percent of 1,493 is 14.93.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose.
Power take-off (PTO) means a secondary engine shaft (or equivalent)
that provides substantial auxiliary power for purposes unrelated to
vehicle propulsion or normal vehicle accessories such as air
conditioning, power steering, and basic electrical accessories. A
typical PTO uses a secondary shaft on the engine to transmit power to a
hydraulic pump that powers auxiliary equipment, such as a boom on a
bucket truck. You may ask us to consider other equivalent auxiliary
power

[[Page 176]]

configurations (such as those with hybrid vehicles) as power take-off
systems.
Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) means the component(s) of
a hybrid engine or vehicle that store recovered energy for later use,
such as the battery system in an electric hybrid vehicle.
Regulatory sub-category means one of following groups:
(1) Spark-ignition vehicles subject to the standards of Sec.
1037.104. Note that this category includes most gasoline-fueled heavy-
duty pickup trucks and vans.
(2) All other vehicles subject to the standards of Sec. 1037.104.
Note that this category includes most diesel-fueled heavy-duty pickup
trucks and van.
(3) Vocational vehicles at or below 19,500 pounds GVWR.
(4) Vocational vehicles at or above 19,500 pounds GVWR but below
33,000 pounds GVWR.
(5) Vocational vehicles over 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(6) Low-roof tractors at or above 26,000 pounds GVWR but below
33,000 pounds GVWR.
(7) Mid-roof tractors at or above 26,000 pounds GVWR but below
33,000 pounds GVWR.
(8) High-roof tractors at or above 26,000 pounds GVWR but below
33,000 pounds GVWR.
(9) Low-roof day cab tractors at or above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(10) Low-roof sleeper cab tractors at or above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(11) Mid-roof day cab tractors at or above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(12) Mid-roof sleeper cab tractors at or above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(13) High-roof day cab tractors at or above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(14) High-roof sleeper cab tractors at or above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
Relating to as used in this section means relating to something in a
specific, direct manner. This expression is used in this section only to
define terms as adjectives and not to broaden the meaning of the terms.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Roof height means the maximum height of a vehicle (rounded to the
nearest inch), excluding narrow accessories such as exhaust pipes and
antennas, but including any wide accessories such as roof fairings.
Measure roof height of the vehicle configured to have its maximum height
that will occur during actual use, with properly inflated tires and no
driver, passengers, or cargo onboard. Roof height may also refer to the
following categories:
(1) Low-roof means relating to a vehicle with a roof height of 120
inches or less.
(2) Mid-roof means relating to a vehicle with a roof height of 121
to 147 inches.
(3) High-roof means relating to a vehicle with a roof height of 148
inches or more.
Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically
to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing
prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to
correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic
maintenance is not appropriate.
Sleeper cab means a type of tractor cab that has a compartment
behind the driver's seat intended to be used by the driver for sleeping.
This includes cabs accessible from the driver's compartment and those
accessible from outside the vehicle.
Small manufacturer means a manufacturer meeting the criteria
specified in 13 CFR 121.201. For manufacturers owned by a parent
company, the employee and revenue limits apply to the total number
employees and total revenue of the parent company and all its
subsidiaries.
Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Standard payload means the vehicle payload assumed for each class in
tons for modeling and calculating emission

[[Page 177]]

credits. There are three standard payloads:
(1) 2.85 tons for light heavy-duty vehicles.
(2) 5.6 tons for medium heavy-duty vehicles.
(3) 7.5 tons for heavy heavy-duty vehicles.
Standard trailer has the meaning given in Sec. 1037.501.
Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Test sample means the collection of vehicles selected from the
population of a vehicle family for emission testing. This may include
testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
Test vehicle means a vehicle in a test sample.
Test weight means the vehicle weight used or represented during
testing.
Tire rolling resistance level (TRRL) means a value with units of kg/
metric ton that represents that rolling resistance of a tire
configuration. TRRLs are used as inputs to the GEM model under Sec.
1037.520. Note that a manufacturer may assign a value higher than the
measured rolling resistance of a tire configuration.
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the
specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as a
hydrocarbon with an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR
1065.1001. This generally means the sum of the carbon mass contributions
of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic
compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample,
expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled vehicles. The
atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
Tractor has the meaning given for ``truck tractor'' in 49 CFR 571.3.
This includes most heavy-duty vehicles specifically designed for the
primary purpose of pulling trailers, but does not include vehicles
designed to carry other loads. For purposes of this definition ``other
loads'' would not include loads carried in the cab, sleeper compartment,
or toolboxes. Examples of vehicles that are similar to tractors but that
are not tractors under this part include dromedary tractors, automobile
haulers, straight trucks with trailers hitches, and tow trucks. Note
that the provisions of this part that apply for tractors do not apply
for tractors that are classified as vocational tractors under Sec.
1037.630.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new vehicle, the first
person who in good faith purchases such new vehicle for purposes other
than resale.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Upcoming model year means for a vehicle family the model year after
the one currently in production.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of vehicle units,
subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for
which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will
be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States. This does not
include vehicles certified to state emission standards that are
different than the emission standards in this part.
Useful life means the period during which a vehicle is required to
comply with all applicable emission standards.
Vehicle means equipment intended for use on highways that meets the
criteria of paragraph (1)(i) or (1)(ii) of this definition, as follows:
(1) The following equipment are vehicles:
(i) A piece of equipment that is intended for self-propelled use on
highways becomes a vehicle when it includes at least an engine, a
transmission, and a frame. (Note: For purposes of this definition, any
electrical, mechanical, and/or hydraulic devices attached to engines for
the purpose of powering wheels are considered to be transmissions.)
(ii) A piece of equipment that is intended for self-propelled use on
highways becomes a vehicle when it includes a passenger compartment
attached to a frame with axles.
(2) Vehicles may be complete or incomplete vehicles as follows:

[[Page 178]]

(i) A complete vehicle is a functioning vehicle that has the primary
load carrying device or container (or equivalent equipment) attached.
Examples of equivalent equipment would include fifth wheel trailer
hitches, firefighting equipment, and utility booms.
(ii) An incomplete vehicle is a vehicle that is not a complete
vehicle. Incomplete vehicles may also be cab-complete vehicles. This may
include vehicles sold to secondary vehicle manufacturers.
(iii) The primary use of the terms ``complete vehicle'' and
``incomplete vehicle'' are to distinguish whether a vehicle is complete
when it is first sold as a vehicle.
(iv) You may ask us to allow you to certify a vehicle as incomplete
if you manufacture the engines and sell the unassembled chassis
components, as long as you do not produce and sell the body components
necessary to complete the vehicle.
(3) Equipment such as trailers that are not self-propelled are not
``vehicles'' under this part 1037.
Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of vehicle hardware
and calibration (related to measured or modeled emissions) within a
vehicle family. Vehicles with hardware or software differences, but that
have no hardware or software differences related to measured or modeled
emissions may be included in the same vehicle configuration. Note that
vehicles with hardware or software differences related to measured or
modeled emissions are considered to be different configurations even if
they have the same GEM inputs and FEL. Vehicles within a vehicle
configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability
or factors unrelated to measured or modeled emissions.
Vehicle family has the meaning given in Sec. 1037.230.
Vehicle service class means a vehicle's weight class as specified in
this definition. Note that, while vehicle service class is similar to
primary intended service class for engines, they are not necessarily the
same. For example, a medium heavy-duty vehicle may include a light
heavy-duty engine. Note also that while spark-ignition engines do not
have a primary intended service class, vehicles using spark-ignition
engines have a vehicle service class.
(1) Light heavy-duty vehicles are those vehicles with GVWR below
19,500 pounds.
Vehicles In this class include heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans,
motor homes and other recreational vehicles, and some straight trucks
with a single rear axle. Typical applications would include personal
transportation, light-load commercial delivery, passenger service,
agriculture, and construction.
(2) Medium heavy-duty vehicles are those vehicles with GVWR from
19,500 to 33,000 pounds. Vehicles in this class include school buses,
straight trucks with a single rear axle, city tractors, and a variety of
special purpose vehicles such as small dump trucks, and refuse trucks.
Typical applications would include commercial short haul and intra-city
delivery and pickup.
(3) Heavy heavy-duty vehicles are those vehicles with GVWR above
33,000 pounds. Vehicles in this class include tractors, urban buses, and
other heavy trucks.
Vehicle subfamily or subfamily means a subset of a vehicle family
including vehicles subject to the same FEL(s).
Vocational tractor means a vehicle classified as a vocational
tractor under Sec. 1037.630.
Vocational vehicle means relating to a vehicle subject to the
standards of Sec. 1037.105 (including vocational tractors).
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel
that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor Pressure
higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.

Sec. 1037.805 Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

ABT Averaging, banking, and trading.
AECD auxiliary emission control device.
CD drag coefficient.
CDA drag area.
CFD computational fluid dynamics.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4 methane.

[[Page 179]]

CO carbon monoxide.
CO2 carbon dioxide.
CREE carbon-related exhaust emissions.
DOT Department of Transportation.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
ETW equivalent test weight.
FEL Family Emission Limit.
g grams.
GAWR gross axle weight rating.
GCWR gross combination weight rating.
GVWR gross vehicle weight rating.
GWP global-warming potential.
HC hydrocarbon.
ISO International Organization for Standardization.
kg kilograms.
m meter.
mm millimeter
mph miles per hour.
N2O nitrous oxide.
NARA National Archives and Records Administration.
NHTSA National Highway Transportation Safety Administration.
NOX oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2).
PM particulate matter.
PTO power take-off.
RESS rechargeable energy storage system.
RPM revolutions per minute.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
SKU Stock-keeping unit.
TRRL Tire rolling resistance level.
U.S.C. United States Code.
VSL vehicle speed limiter.
WF work factor.

Sec. 1037.810 Incorporation by reference.

(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C.
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that
specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must
publish a notice of the change in the Federal Register and the material
must be available to the public. All approved material is available for
inspection at U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center,
1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building, Washington,
DC 20460, (202) 202-1744, and is available from the sources listed
below. It is also available for inspection at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of
this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to http://
www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--
locations.html.
(b) International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56,
CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, (41) 22749 0111, http://www.iso.org, or
[email protected].
(1) ISO 28580:2009(E) ``Passenger car, truck and bus tyres--Methods
of measuring rolling resistance--Single point test and correlation of
measurement results'', First Edition, July 1, 2009; IBR approved for
Sec. 1037.520(c).
(2) [Reserved]
(c) U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann
Arbor, MI 48105, http://www.epa.gov:
(1) GEM simulation tool, Version 2.0, August 2011; IBR approved for
Sec. 1037.520. The computer code for this model is available as noted
in paragraph (a) of this section. A working version of this software is
also available for download at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/gem.htm.
(2) [Reserved]
(d) Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, (877) 606-7323 (U.S. and Canada) or (724)
776-4970 (outside the U.S. and Canada), http://www.sae.org.
(1) SAE J1252, SAE Wind Tunnel Test Procedure for Trucks and Buses,
Revised July 1981, IBR approved for Sec. 1037.521(d), (e), and (f).
(2) SAE J1594, Vehicle Aerodynamics Terminology, Revised July 2010,
IBR approved for Sec. 1037.521(d).
(3) SAE J2071, Aerodynamic Testing of Road Vehicles--Open Throat
Wind Tunnel Adjustment, Revised June 1994, IBR approved for Sec.
1037.521(d).

Sec. 1037.815 Confidential information.

The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider
confidential.

Sec. 1037.820 Requesting a hearing.

[[Page 180]]

Sec. 1037.825 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

(a) This part includes various requirements to submit and record
data or other information. Unless we specify otherwise, store required
records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available
for eight years after you send an associated application for
certification, or eight years after you generate the data if they do not
support an application for certification. You may not rely on anyone
else to meet recordkeeping requirements on your behalf unless we
specifically authorize it. We may review these records at any time. You
must promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. We may require you to submit written records in an electronic
format.
(b) The regulations in Sec. 1037.255 and 40 CFR 1068.25 and
1068.101 describe your obligation to report truthful and complete
information. This includes information not related to certification.
Failing to properly report information and keep the records we specify
violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2), which may involve civil or criminal
penalties.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1037.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. Keep
these records for eight years unless the regulations specify a different
period. We may require you to send us these records whether or not you
are a certificate holder.
(e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq), the
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping
specified in the applicable regulations. The following items illustrate
the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for vehicles
regulated under this part:
(1) We specify the following requirements related to vehicle
certification in this part 1037:
(i) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of
information required to certify vehicles.
(ii) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various special compliance provisions.
(iii) In Sec. 1037.725, 1037.730, and 1037.735 we specify certain
records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
(2) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1066:
(i) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting
information.
(ii) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
(iii) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing
test information.
(iv) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify data that may be appropriate for
collecting during testing of in-use vehicles using portable analyzers.

Sec. Appendix I to Part 1037--Heavy-Duty Transient Chassis Test Cycle

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed Speed
Time sec. mph m/s
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....................................................... 0.00 0.00
2....................................................... 0.00 0.00
3....................................................... 0.00 0.00
4....................................................... 0.00 0.00
5....................................................... 0.00 0.00
6....................................................... 0.00 0.00
7....................................................... 0.41 0.18
8....................................................... 1.18 0.53
9....................................................... 2.26 1.01
10...................................................... 3.19 1.43
11...................................................... 3.97 1.77
12...................................................... 4.66 2.08
13...................................................... 5.32 2.38
14...................................................... 5.94 2.66
15...................................................... 6.48 2.90
16...................................................... 6.91 3.09
17...................................................... 7.28 3.25
18...................................................... 7.64 3.42
19...................................................... 8.02 3.59
20...................................................... 8.36 3.74
21...................................................... 8.60 3.84
22...................................................... 8.74 3.91
23...................................................... 8.82 3.94
24...................................................... 8.82 3.94
25...................................................... 8.76 3.92
26...................................................... 8.66 3.87
27...................................................... 8.58 3.84
28...................................................... 8.52 3.81
29...................................................... 8.46 3.78
30...................................................... 8.38 3.75
31...................................................... 8.31 3.71
32...................................................... 8.21 3.67
33...................................................... 8.11 3.63

[[Page 181]]

34...................................................... 8.00 3.58
35...................................................... 7.94 3.55
36...................................................... 7.94 3.55
37...................................................... 7.80 3.49
38...................................................... 7.43 3.32
39...................................................... 6.79 3.04
40...................................................... 5.81 2.60
41...................................................... 4.65 2.08
42...................................................... 3.03 1.35
43...................................................... 1.88 0.84
44...................................................... 1.15 0.51
45...................................................... 1.14 0.51
46...................................................... 1.12 0.50
47...................................................... 1.11 0.50
48...................................................... 1.19 0.53
49...................................................... 1.57 0.70
50...................................................... 2.31 1.03
51...................................................... 3.37 1.51
52...................................................... 4.51 2.02
53...................................................... 5.56 2.49
54...................................................... 6.41 2.87
55...................................................... 7.09 3.17
56...................................................... 7.59 3.39
57...................................................... 7.99 3.57
58...................................................... 8.32 3.72
59...................................................... 8.64 3.86
60...................................................... 8.91 3.98
61...................................................... 9.13 4.08
62...................................................... 9.29 4.15
63...................................................... 9.40 4.20
64...................................................... 9.39 4.20
65...................................................... 9.20 4.11
66...................................................... 8.84 3.95
67...................................................... 8.35 3.73
68...................................................... 7.81 3.49
69...................................................... 7.22 3.23
70...................................................... 6.65 2.97
71...................................................... 6.13 2.74
72...................................................... 5.75 2.57
73...................................................... 5.61 2.51
74...................................................... 5.65 2.53
75...................................................... 5.80 2.59
76...................................................... 5.95 2.66
77...................................................... 6.09 2.72
78...................................................... 6.21 2.78
79...................................................... 6.31 2.82
80...................................................... 6.34 2.83
81...................................................... 6.47 2.89
82...................................................... 6.65 2.97
83...................................................... 6.88 3.08
84...................................................... 7.04 3.15
85...................................................... 7.05 3.15
86...................................................... 7.01 3.13
87...................................................... 6.90 3.08
88...................................................... 6.88 3.08
89...................................................... 6.89 3.08
90...................................................... 6.96 3.11
91...................................................... 7.04 3.15
92...................................................... 7.17 3.21
93...................................................... 7.29 3.26
94...................................................... 7.39 3.30
95...................................................... 7.48 3.34
96...................................................... 7.57 3.38
97...................................................... 7.61 3.40
98...................................................... 7.59 3.39
99...................................................... 7.53 3.37
100..................................................... 7.46 3.33
101..................................................... 7.40 3.31
102..................................................... 7.39 3.30
103..................................................... 7.38 3.30
104..................................................... 7.37 3.29
105..................................................... 7.37 3.29
106..................................................... 7.39 3.30
107..................................................... 7.42 3.32
108..................................................... 7.43 3.32
109..................................................... 7.40 3.31
110..................................................... 7.39 3.30
111..................................................... 7.42 3.32
112..................................................... 7.50 3.35
113..................................................... 7.57 3.38
114..................................................... 7.60 3.40
115..................................................... 7.60 3.40
116..................................................... 7.61 3.40
117..................................................... 7.64 3.42
118..................................................... 7.68 3.43
119..................................................... 7.74 3.46
120..................................................... 7.82 3.50
121..................................................... 7.90 3.53
122..................................................... 7.96 3.56
123..................................................... 7.99 3.57
124..................................................... 8.02 3.59
125..................................................... 8.01 3.58
126..................................................... 7.87 3.52
127..................................................... 7.59 3.39
128..................................................... 7.20 3.22
129..................................................... 6.52 2.91
130..................................................... 5.53 2.47
131..................................................... 4.36 1.95
132..................................................... 3.30 1.48
133..................................................... 2.50 1.12
134..................................................... 1.94 0.87
135..................................................... 1.56 0.70
136..................................................... 0.95 0.42
137..................................................... 0.42 0.19
138..................................................... 0.00 0.00
139..................................................... 0.00 0.00
140..................................................... 0.00 0.00
141..................................................... 0.00 0.00
142..................................................... 0.00 0.00
143..................................................... 0.00 0.00
144..................................................... 0.00 0.00
145..................................................... 0.00 0.00
146..................................................... 0.00 0.00
147..................................................... 0.00 0.00
148..................................................... 0.00 0.00
149..................................................... 0.00 0.00
150..................................................... 0.00 0.00
151..................................................... 0.00 0.00
152..................................................... 0.00 0.00
153..................................................... 0.00 0.00
154..................................................... 0.00 0.00
155..................................................... 0.00 0.00
156..................................................... 0.00 0.00
157..................................................... 0.00 0.00
158..................................................... 0.00 0.00
159..................................................... 0.00 0.00
160..................................................... 0.00 0.00
161..................................................... 0.00 0.00
162..................................................... 0.00 0.00
163..................................................... 0.00 0.00
164..................................................... 0.00 0.00
165..................................................... 0.00 0.00
166..................................................... 0.00 0.00
167..................................................... 0.00 0.00
168..................................................... 0.00 0.00
169..................................................... 0.00 0.00
170..................................................... 0.00 0.00
171..................................................... 0.00 0.00
172..................................................... 1.11 0.50
173..................................................... 2.65 1.18
174..................................................... 4.45 1.99
175..................................................... 5.68 2.54
176..................................................... 6.75 3.02
177..................................................... 7.59 3.39
178..................................................... 7.75 3.46
179..................................................... 7.63 3.41

[[Page 182]]

180..................................................... 7.67 3.43
181..................................................... 8.70 3.89
182..................................................... 10.20 4.56
183..................................................... 11.92 5.33
184..................................................... 12.84 5.74
185..................................................... 13.27 5.93
186..................................................... 13.38 5.98
187..................................................... 13.61 6.08
188..................................................... 14.15 6.33
189..................................................... 14.84 6.63
190..................................................... 16.49 7.37
191..................................................... 18.33 8.19
192..................................................... 20.36 9.10
193..................................................... 21.47 9.60
194..................................................... 22.35 9.99
195..................................................... 22.96 10.26
196..................................................... 23.46 10.49
197..................................................... 23.92 10.69
198..................................................... 24.42 10.92
199..................................................... 24.99 11.17
200..................................................... 25.91 11.58
201..................................................... 26.26 11.74
202..................................................... 26.38 11.79
203..................................................... 26.26 11.74
204..................................................... 26.49 11.84
205..................................................... 26.76 11.96
206..................................................... 27.07 12.10
207..................................................... 26.64 11.91
208..................................................... 25.99 11.62
209..................................................... 24.77 11.07
210..................................................... 24.04 10.75
211..................................................... 23.39 10.46
212..................................................... 22.73 10.16
213..................................................... 22.16 9.91
214..................................................... 21.66 9.68
215..................................................... 21.39 9.56
216..................................................... 21.43 9.58
217..................................................... 20.67 9.24
218..................................................... 17.98 8.04
219..................................................... 13.15 5.88
220..................................................... 7.71 3.45
221..................................................... 3.30 1.48
222..................................................... 0.88 0.39
223..................................................... 0.00 0.00
224..................................................... 0.00 0.00
225..................................................... 0.00 0.00
226..................................................... 0.00 0.00
227..................................................... 0.00 0.00
228..................................................... 0.00 0.00
229..................................................... 0.00 0.00
230..................................................... 0.00 0.00
231..................................................... 0.00 0.00
232..................................................... 0.00 0.00
233..................................................... 0.00 0.00
234..................................................... 0.00 0.00
235..................................................... 0.00 0.00
236..................................................... 0.00 0.00
237..................................................... 0.00 0.00
238..................................................... 0.00 0.00
239..................................................... 0.00 0.00
240..................................................... 0.00 0.00
241..................................................... 0.00 0.00
242..................................................... 0.00 0.00
243..................................................... 0.00 0.00
244..................................................... 0.00 0.00
245..................................................... 0.00 0.00
246..................................................... 0.00 0.00
247..................................................... 0.00 0.00
248..................................................... 0.00 0.00
249..................................................... 0.00 0.00
250..................................................... 0.00 0.00
251..................................................... 0.00 0.00
252..................................................... 0.00 0.00
253..................................................... 0.00 0.00
254..................................................... 0.00 0.00
255..................................................... 0.00 0.00
256..................................................... 0.00 0.00
257..................................................... 0.00 0.00
258..................................................... 0.00 0.00
259..................................................... 0.50 0.22
260..................................................... 1.57 0.70
261..................................................... 3.07 1.37
262..................................................... 4.57 2.04
263..................................................... 5.65 2.53
264..................................................... 6.95 3.11
265..................................................... 8.05 3.60
266..................................................... 9.13 4.08
267..................................................... 10.05 4.49
268..................................................... 11.62 5.19
269..................................................... 12.92 5.78
270..................................................... 13.84 6.19
271..................................................... 14.38 6.43
272..................................................... 15.64 6.99
273..................................................... 17.14 7.66
274..................................................... 18.21 8.14
275..................................................... 18.90 8.45
276..................................................... 19.44 8.69
277..................................................... 20.09 8.98
278..................................................... 21.89 9.79
279..................................................... 24.15 10.80
280..................................................... 26.26 11.74
281..................................................... 26.95 12.05
282..................................................... 27.03 12.08
283..................................................... 27.30 12.20
284..................................................... 28.10 12.56
285..................................................... 29.44 13.16
286..................................................... 30.78 13.76
287..................................................... 32.09 14.35
288..................................................... 33.24 14.86
289..................................................... 34.46 15.40
290..................................................... 35.42 15.83
291..................................................... 35.88 16.04
292..................................................... 36.03 16.11
293..................................................... 35.84 16.02
294..................................................... 35.65 15.94
295..................................................... 35.31 15.78
296..................................................... 35.19 15.73
297..................................................... 35.12 15.70
298..................................................... 35.12 15.70
299..................................................... 35.04 15.66
300..................................................... 35.08 15.68
301..................................................... 35.04 15.66
302..................................................... 35.34 15.80
303..................................................... 35.50 15.87
304..................................................... 35.77 15.99
305..................................................... 35.81 16.01
306..................................................... 35.92 16.06
307..................................................... 36.23 16.20
308..................................................... 36.42 16.28
309..................................................... 36.65 16.38
310..................................................... 36.26 16.21
311..................................................... 36.07 16.12
312..................................................... 35.84 16.02
313..................................................... 35.96 16.08
314..................................................... 36.00 16.09
315..................................................... 35.57 15.90
316..................................................... 35.00 15.65
317..................................................... 34.08 15.24
318..................................................... 33.39 14.93
319..................................................... 32.20 14.39
320..................................................... 30.32 13.55
321..................................................... 28.48 12.73
322..................................................... 26.95 12.05
323..................................................... 26.18 11.70
324..................................................... 25.38 11.35
325..................................................... 24.77 11.07

[[Page 183]]

326..................................................... 23.46 10.49
327..................................................... 22.39 10.01
328..................................................... 20.97 9.37
329..................................................... 20.09 8.98
330..................................................... 18.90 8.45
331..................................................... 18.17 8.12
332..................................................... 16.48 7.37
333..................................................... 15.07 6.74
334..................................................... 12.23 5.47
335..................................................... 10.08 4.51
336..................................................... 7.71 3.45
337..................................................... 7.32 3.27
338..................................................... 8.63 3.86
339..................................................... 10.77 4.81
340..................................................... 12.65 5.66
341..................................................... 13.88 6.20
342..................................................... 15.03 6.72
343..................................................... 15.64 6.99
344..................................................... 16.99 7.60
345..................................................... 17.98 8.04
346..................................................... 19.13 8.55
347..................................................... 18.67 8.35
348..................................................... 18.25 8.16
349..................................................... 18.17 8.12
350..................................................... 18.40 8.23
351..................................................... 19.63 8.78
352..................................................... 20.32 9.08
353..................................................... 21.43 9.58
354..................................................... 21.47 9.60
355..................................................... 21.97 9.82
356..................................................... 22.27 9.96
357..................................................... 22.69 10.14
358..................................................... 23.15 10.35
359..................................................... 23.69 10.59
360..................................................... 23.96 10.71
361..................................................... 24.27 10.85
362..................................................... 24.34 10.88
363..................................................... 24.50 10.95
364..................................................... 24.42 10.92
365..................................................... 24.38 10.90
366..................................................... 24.31 10.87
367..................................................... 24.23 10.83
368..................................................... 24.69 11.04
369..................................................... 25.11 11.23
370..................................................... 25.53 11.41
371..................................................... 25.38 11.35
372..................................................... 24.58 10.99
373..................................................... 23.77 10.63
374..................................................... 23.54 10.52
375..................................................... 23.50 10.51
376..................................................... 24.15 10.80
377..................................................... 24.30 10.86
378..................................................... 24.15 10.80
379..................................................... 23.19 10.37
380..................................................... 22.50 10.06
381..................................................... 21.93 9.80
382..................................................... 21.85 9.77
383..................................................... 21.55 9.63
384..................................................... 21.89 9.79
385..................................................... 21.97 9.82
386..................................................... 21.97 9.82
387..................................................... 22.01 9.84
388..................................................... 21.85 9.77
389..................................................... 21.62 9.67
390..................................................... 21.62 9.67
391..................................................... 22.01 9.84
392..................................................... 22.81 10.20
393..................................................... 23.54 10.52
394..................................................... 24.38 10.90
395..................................................... 24.80 11.09
396..................................................... 24.61 11.00
397..................................................... 23.12 10.34
398..................................................... 21.62 9.67
399..................................................... 19.90 8.90
400..................................................... 18.86 8.43
401..................................................... 17.79 7.95
402..................................................... 17.25 7.71
403..................................................... 16.91 7.56
404..................................................... 16.75 7.49
405..................................................... 16.75 7.49
406..................................................... 16.87 7.54
407..................................................... 16.37 7.32
408..................................................... 16.37 7.32
409..................................................... 16.49 7.37
410..................................................... 17.21 7.69
411..................................................... 17.41 7.78
412..................................................... 17.37 7.77
413..................................................... 16.87 7.54
414..................................................... 16.72 7.47
415..................................................... 16.22 7.25
416..................................................... 15.76 7.05
417..................................................... 14.72 6.58
418..................................................... 13.69 6.12
419..................................................... 12.00 5.36
420..................................................... 10.43 4.66
421..................................................... 8.71 3.89
422..................................................... 7.44 3.33
423..................................................... 5.71 2.55
424..................................................... 4.22 1.89
425..................................................... 2.30 1.03
426..................................................... 1.00 0.45
427..................................................... 0.00 0.00
428..................................................... 0.61 0.27
429..................................................... 1.19 0.53
430..................................................... 1.61 0.72
431..................................................... 1.53 0.68
432..................................................... 2.34 1.05
433..................................................... 4.29 1.92
434..................................................... 7.25 3.24
435..................................................... 10.20 4.56
436..................................................... 12.46 5.57
437..................................................... 14.53 6.50
438..................................................... 16.22 7.25
439..................................................... 17.87 7.99
440..................................................... 19.74 8.82
441..................................................... 21.01 9.39
442..................................................... 22.23 9.94
443..................................................... 22.62 10.11
444..................................................... 23.61 10.55
445..................................................... 24.88 11.12
446..................................................... 26.15 11.69
447..................................................... 26.99 12.07
448..................................................... 27.56 12.32
449..................................................... 28.18 12.60
450..................................................... 28.94 12.94
451..................................................... 29.83 13.34
452..................................................... 30.78 13.76
453..................................................... 31.82 14.22
454..................................................... 32.78 14.65
455..................................................... 33.24 14.86
456..................................................... 33.47 14.96
457..................................................... 33.31 14.89
458..................................................... 33.08 14.79
459..................................................... 32.78 14.65
460..................................................... 32.39 14.48
461..................................................... 32.13 14.36
462..................................................... 31.82 14.22
463..................................................... 31.55 14.10
464..................................................... 31.25 13.97
465..................................................... 30.94 13.83
466..................................................... 30.71 13.73
467..................................................... 30.56 13.66
468..................................................... 30.79 13.76
469..................................................... 31.13 13.92
470..................................................... 31.55 14.10
471..................................................... 31.51 14.09

[[Page 184]]

472..................................................... 31.47 14.07
473..................................................... 31.44 14.05
474..................................................... 31.51 14.09
475..................................................... 31.59 14.12
476..................................................... 31.67 14.16
477..................................................... 32.01 14.31
478..................................................... 32.63 14.59
479..................................................... 33.39 14.93
480..................................................... 34.31 15.34
481..................................................... 34.81 15.56
482..................................................... 34.20 15.29
483..................................................... 32.39 14.48
484..................................................... 30.29 13.54
485..................................................... 28.56 12.77
486..................................................... 26.45 11.82
487..................................................... 24.79 11.08
488..................................................... 23.12 10.34
489..................................................... 20.73 9.27
490..................................................... 18.33 8.19
491..................................................... 15.72 7.03
492..................................................... 13.11 5.86
493..................................................... 10.47 4.68
494..................................................... 7.82 3.50
495..................................................... 5.70 2.55
496..................................................... 3.57 1.60
497..................................................... 0.92 0.41
498..................................................... 0.00 0.00
499..................................................... 0.00 0.00
500..................................................... 0.00 0.00
501..................................................... 0.00 0.00
502..................................................... 0.00 0.00
503..................................................... 0.00 0.00
504..................................................... 0.00 0.00
505..................................................... 0.00 0.00
506..................................................... 0.00 0.00
507..................................................... 0.00 0.00
508..................................................... 0.00 0.00
509..................................................... 0.00 0.00
510..................................................... 0.00 0.00
511..................................................... 0.00 0.00
512..................................................... 0.00 0.00
513..................................................... 0.00 0.00
514..................................................... 0.00 0.00
515..................................................... 0.00 0.00
516..................................................... 0.00 0.00
517..................................................... 0.00 0.00
518..................................................... 0.00 0.00
519..................................................... 0.00 0.00
520..................................................... 0.00 0.00
521..................................................... 0.00 0.00
522..................................................... 0.50 0.22
523..................................................... 1.50 0.67
524..................................................... 3.00 1.34
525..................................................... 4.50 2.01
526..................................................... 5.80 2.59
527..................................................... 6.52 2.91
528..................................................... 6.75 3.02
529..................................................... 6.44 2.88
530..................................................... 6.17 2.76
531..................................................... 6.33 2.83
532..................................................... 6.71 3.00
533..................................................... 7.40 3.31
534..................................................... 7.67 3.43
535..................................................... 7.33 3.28
536..................................................... 6.71 3.00
537..................................................... 6.41 2.87
538..................................................... 6.60 2.95
539..................................................... 6.56 2.93
540..................................................... 5.94 2.66
541..................................................... 5.45 2.44
542..................................................... 5.87 2.62
543..................................................... 6.71 3.00
544..................................................... 7.56 3.38
545..................................................... 7.59 3.39
546..................................................... 7.63 3.41
547..................................................... 7.67 3.43
548..................................................... 7.67 3.43
549..................................................... 7.48 3.34
550..................................................... 7.29 3.26
551..................................................... 7.29 3.26
552..................................................... 7.40 3.31
553..................................................... 7.48 3.34
554..................................................... 7.52 3.36
555..................................................... 7.52 3.36
556..................................................... 7.48 3.34
557..................................................... 7.44 3.33
558..................................................... 7.28 3.25
559..................................................... 7.21 3.22
560..................................................... 7.09 3.17
561..................................................... 7.06 3.16
562..................................................... 7.29 3.26
563..................................................... 7.75 3.46
564..................................................... 8.55 3.82
565..................................................... 9.09 4.06
566..................................................... 10.04 4.49
567..................................................... 11.12 4.97
568..................................................... 12.46 5.57
569..................................................... 13.00 5.81
570..................................................... 14.26 6.37
571..................................................... 15.37 6.87
572..................................................... 17.02 7.61
573..................................................... 18.17 8.12
574..................................................... 19.21 8.59
575..................................................... 20.17 9.02
576..................................................... 20.66 9.24
577..................................................... 21.12 9.44
578..................................................... 21.43 9.58
579..................................................... 22.66 10.13
580..................................................... 23.92 10.69
581..................................................... 25.42 11.36
582..................................................... 25.53 11.41
583..................................................... 26.68 11.93
584..................................................... 28.14 12.58
585..................................................... 30.06 13.44
586..................................................... 30.94 13.83
587..................................................... 31.63 14.14
588..................................................... 32.36 14.47
589..................................................... 33.24 14.86
590..................................................... 33.66 15.05
591..................................................... 34.12 15.25
592..................................................... 35.92 16.06
593..................................................... 37.72 16.86
594..................................................... 39.26 17.55
595..................................................... 39.45 17.64
596..................................................... 39.83 17.81
597..................................................... 40.18 17.96
598..................................................... 40.48 18.10
599..................................................... 40.75 18.22
600..................................................... 41.02 18.34
601..................................................... 41.36 18.49
602..................................................... 41.79 18.68
603..................................................... 42.40 18.95
604..................................................... 42.82 19.14
605..................................................... 43.05 19.25
606..................................................... 43.09 19.26
607..................................................... 43.24 19.33
608..................................................... 43.59 19.49
609..................................................... 44.01 19.67
610..................................................... 44.35 19.83
611..................................................... 44.55 19.92
612..................................................... 44.82 20.04
613..................................................... 45.05 20.14
614..................................................... 45.31 20.26
615..................................................... 45.58 20.38
616..................................................... 46.00 20.56
617..................................................... 46.31 20.70

[[Page 185]]

618..................................................... 46.54 20.81
619..................................................... 46.61 20.84
620..................................................... 46.92 20.98
621..................................................... 47.19 21.10
622..................................................... 47.46 21.22
623..................................................... 47.54 21.25
624..................................................... 47.54 21.25
625..................................................... 47.54 21.25
626..................................................... 47.50 21.23
627..................................................... 47.50 21.23
628..................................................... 47.50 21.23
629..................................................... 47.31 21.15
630..................................................... 47.04 21.03
631..................................................... 46.77 20.91
632..................................................... 45.54 20.36
633..................................................... 43.24 19.33
634..................................................... 41.52 18.56
635..................................................... 39.79 17.79
636..................................................... 38.07 17.02
637..................................................... 36.34 16.25
638..................................................... 34.04 15.22
639..................................................... 32.45 14.51
640..................................................... 30.86 13.80
641..................................................... 28.83 12.89
642..................................................... 26.45 11.82
643..................................................... 24.27 10.85
644..................................................... 22.04 9.85
645..................................................... 19.82 8.86
646..................................................... 17.04 7.62
647..................................................... 14.26 6.37
648..................................................... 11.52 5.15
649..................................................... 8.78 3.93
650..................................................... 7.17 3.21
651..................................................... 5.56 2.49
652..................................................... 3.72 1.66
653..................................................... 3.38 1.51
654..................................................... 3.11 1.39
655..................................................... 2.58 1.15
656..................................................... 1.66 0.74
657..................................................... 0.67 0.30
658..................................................... 0.00 0.00
659..................................................... 0.00 0.00
660..................................................... 0.00 0.00
661..................................................... 0.00 0.00
662..................................................... 0.00 0.00
663..................................................... 0.00 0.00
664..................................................... 0.00 0.00
665..................................................... 0.00 0.00
666..................................................... 0.00 0.00
667..................................................... 0.00 0.00
668..................................................... 0.00 0.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. Appendix II to Part 1037--Power Take-Off Test Cycle

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Start Normalized Normalized
Cycle simulation Mode time of pressure, pressure,
mode circuit 1 (%) circuit 2 (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Utility....................................................... 0 0 0.0 0.0
Utility....................................................... 1 33 80.5 0.0
Utility....................................................... 2 40 0.0 0.0
Utility....................................................... 3 145 83.5 0.0
Utility....................................................... 4 289 0.0 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 5 361 0.0 13.0
Refuse........................................................ 6 363 0.0 38.0
Refuse........................................................ 7 373 0.0 53.0
Refuse........................................................ 8 384 0.0 73.0
Refuse........................................................ 9 388 0.0 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 10 401 0.0 13.0
Refuse........................................................ 11 403 0.0 38.0
Refuse........................................................ 12 413 0.0 53.0
Refuse........................................................ 13 424 0.0 73.0
Refuse........................................................ 14 442 11.2 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 15 468 29.3 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 16 473 0.0 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 17 486 11.2 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 18 512 29.3 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 19 517 0.0 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 20 530 12.8 11.1
Refuse........................................................ 21 532 12.8 38.2
Refuse........................................................ 22 541 12.8 53.4
Refuse........................................................ 23 550 12.8 73.5
Refuse........................................................ 24 553 0.0 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 25 566 12.8 11.1
Refuse........................................................ 26 568 12.8 38.2
Refuse........................................................ 27 577 12.8 53.4
Refuse........................................................ 28 586 12.8 73.5
Refuse........................................................ 29 589 0.0 0.0
Refuse........................................................ 30 600 0.0 0.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 186]]

Sec. Appendix III to Part 1037--Emission Control Identifiers

This appendix identifies abbreviations for emission control
information labels, as required under Sec. 1037.135.

Vehicle Speed Limiters

-VSL--Vehicle speed limiter
-VSLS--``Soft-top'' vehicle speed limiter
-VSLE--Expiring vehicle speed limiter
-VSLD--Vehicle speed limiter with both ``soft-top'' and expiration

Idle Reduction Technology

-IRT5--Engine shutoff after 5 minutes or less of idling
-IRTE--Expiring engine shutoff

Tires

-LRRA--Low rolling resistance tires (all)
-LRRD--Low rolling resistance tires (drive)
-LRRS--Low rolling resistance tires (steer)

Aerodynamic Components

-ATS--Aerodynamic side skirt and/or fuel tank fairing
-ARF--Aerodynamic roof fairing
-ARFR--Adjustable height aerodynamic roof fairing
-TGR--Gap reducing fairing (tractor to trailer gap)

Other Components

-ADVH--Vehicle includes advanced hybrid technology components
-ADVO--Vehicle includes other advanced technology components (i.e., non-
hybrid system)
-INV--Vehicle includes innovative technology components

PART 1039_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD COMPRESSION-

IGNITION ENGINES--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec.
1039.1 Does this part apply for my engines?
1039.2 Who is responsible for compliance?
1039.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?
1039.10 How is this part organized?
1039.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?
1039.20 What requirements from this part apply to excluded stationary
engines?
1039.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1039.101 What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet after the
2014 model year?
1039.102 What exhaust emission standards and phase-in allowances apply
for my engines in model year 2014 and earlier?
1039.104 Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited
time?
1039.105 What smoke standards must my engines meet?
1039.107 What evaporative emission standards and requirements apply?
1039.110 [Reserved]
1039.115 What other requirements apply?
1039.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?
1039.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?
1039.130 What installation instructions must I give to equipment
manufacturers?
1039.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce?
1039.140 What is my engine's maximum engine power?

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

1039.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate
of conformity?
1039.205 What must I include in my application?
1039.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my
application?
1039.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?
1039.225 How do I amend my application for certification?
1039.230 How do I select engine families?
1039.235 What testing requirements apply for certification?
1039.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with
exhaust emission standards?
1039.245 How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust
durability testing?
1039.250 What records must I keep and what reports must I send to EPA?
1039.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?

Subpart D [Reserved]

Subpart E_In-use Testing

1039.401 General provisions.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

1039.501 How do I run a valid emission test?
1039.505 How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including
ramped-modal testing?
1039.510 Which duty cycles do I use for transient testing?

[[Page 187]]

1039.515 What are the test procedures related to not-to-exceed
standards?
1039.520 What testing must I perform to establish deterioration factors?
1039.525 How do I adjust emission levels to account for infrequently
regenerating aftertreatment devices?

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

1039.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines?
1039.605 What provisions apply to engines certified under the motor-
vehicle program?
1039.610 What provisions apply to vehicles certified under the motor-
vehicle program?
1039.615 What special provisions apply to engines using noncommercial
fuels?
1039.620 What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for
competition?
1039.625 What requirements apply under the program for equipment-
manufacturer flexibility?
1039.626 What special provisions apply to equipment imported under the
equipment-manufacturer flexibility program?
1039.627 What are the incentives for equipment manufacturers to use
cleaner engines?
1039.630 What are the economic hardship provisions for equipment
manufacturers?
1039.635 What are the hardship provisions for engine manufacturers?
1039.640 What special provisions apply to branded engines?
1039.645 What special provisions apply to engines used for
transportation refrigeration units?
1039.650 [Reserved]
1039.655 What special provisions apply to engines sold in Guam, American
Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands?
1039.660 What special provisions apply to Independent Commercial
Importers?
1039.670 Approval of an emergency equipment field modification (EEFM).

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

1039.701 General provisions.
1039.705 How do I generate and calculate emission credits?
1039.710 How do I average emission credits?
1039.715 How do I bank emission credits?
1039.720 How do I trade emission credits?
1039.725 What must I include in my application for certification?
1039.730 What ABT reports must I send to EPA?
1039.735 What records must I keep?
1039.740 What restrictions apply for using emission credits?
1039.745 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this
subpart?

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1039.801 What definitions apply to this part?
1039.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?
1039.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?
1039.820 How do I request a hearing?
1039.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this
part?

Appendix I to Part 1039 [Reserved]
Appendix II to Part 1039--Steady-state Duty Cycles
Appendix III to Part 1039 [Reserved]
Appendix IV to Part 1039 [Reserved]
Appendix V to Part 1039 [Reserved]
Appendix VI to Part 1039--Nonroad Compression-ignition Composite
Transient Cycle

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1039.1 Does this part apply for my engines?

(a) The regulations in this part 1039 apply for all new,
compression-ignition nonroad engines (defined in Sec. 1039.801), except
as provided in Sec. 1039.5.
(b) This part 1039 applies as follows:
(1) This part 1039 applies for all engines subject to the emission
standards specified in subpart B of this part starting with the model
years noted in the following table:

Table 1 of Sec. 1039.1--Part 1039 Applicability by Model Year
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Power category Model year
------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19.................................................... \1\ 2008
19 <= kW < 56.............................................. \2\ 2008
56 <= kW < 130............................................. 2012
130 <= kW <= 560........................................... 2011
kW 560......................................... 2011
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ As described in Sec. 1039.102, some engines below 19 kW may not be
subject to the emission standards in this part until the 2010 model
year.
\2\ As described in Sec. 1039.102, some engines in the 19-56 kW power
category may not be subject to the emission standards in this part
until the 2012 model year.

(2) If you use the provisions of Sec. 1039.104(a) to certify an
engine to the emission standards of this part before the model years
shown in Table 1 of

[[Page 188]]

this section, all the requirements of this part apply for those engines.
(3) See 40 CFR part 89 for requirements that apply to engines not
yet subject to the requirements of this part 1039.
(4) This part 1039 applies for other compression-ignition engines as
follows:
(i) The provisions of paragraph (c) of this section and Sec.
1039.801 apply for stationary engines beginning January 1, 2006.
(ii) The provisions of Sec. 1039.620 and Sec. 1039.801 apply for
engines used solely for competition beginning January 1, 2006.
(c) The definition of nonroad engine in 40 CFR 1068.30 excludes
certain engines used in stationary applications. These engines may be
required by subpart IIII of 40 CFR part 60 to comply with some of the
provisions of this part 1039; otherwise, these engines are only required
to comply with the requirements in Sec. 1039.20. In addition, the
prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101 restrict the use of stationary engines
for nonstationary purposes unless they are certified under this part
1039, or under the provisions of 40 CFR part 89 or 40 CFR part 94, to
the same standards that would apply to nonroad engines for the same
model year.
(d) In certain cases, the regulations in this part 1039 apply to
engines at or above 250 kW that would otherwise be covered by 40 CFR
part 1048. See 40 CFR 1048.620 for provisions related to this allowance.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40462, July 13, 2005;
71 FR 39184, July 11, 2006]

Sec. 1039.2 Who is responsible for compliance?

The regulations in this part 1039 contain provisions that affect
both engine manufacturers and others. However, the requirements of this
part are generally addressed to the engine manufacturer. The term
``you'' generally means the engine manufacturer, as defined in Sec.
1039.801, especially for issues related to certification.

[75 FR 22988, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?

This part does not apply to the following nonroad engines:
(a) Locomotive engines. (1) The following locomotive engines are not
subject to the provisions of this part 1039:
(i) Engines in locomotives certified under 40 CFR part 1033.
(ii) Engines in locomotives that are exempt from the standards of 40
CFR part 92 or 1033 pursuant to the provisions of 40 CFR part 1033 or
1068 (except for the provisions of 40 CFR 1033.150(e)).
(2) The following locomotive engines are subject to the provisions
of this part 1039:
(i) Engines in locomotives exempt from 40 CFR part 1033 pursuant to
the provisions of 40 CFR 1033.150(e).
(ii) Locomotive engines excluded from the definition of locomotive
in 40 CFR 1033.901.
(b) Marine engines. (1) The following marine engines are not subject
to the provisions of this part 1039:
(i) Engines subject to the standards of 40 CFR part 94.
(ii) Engines not subject to the standards of 40 CFR part 94 only
because they were produced before the standards of 40 CFR part 94
started to apply.
(iii) Engines that are exempt from the standards of 40 CFR part 94
pursuant to the provisions of 40 CFR part 94 (except for the provisions
of 40 CFR 94.907 or 94.912). For example, an engine that is exempt under
40 CFR 94.906 because it is a manufacturer-owned engine is not subject
to the provisions of this part 1039.
(iv) Engines with rated power below 37 kW.
(v) Engines on foreign vessels.
(2) Marine engines are subject to the provisions of this part 1039
if they are exempt from 40 CFR part 94 based on the engine-dressing
provisions of 40 CFR 94.907 or the common-family provisions of 40 CFR
94.912.
(c) Mining engines. Engines used in underground mining or in
underground mining equipment and regulated by the Mining Safety and
Health Administration in 30 CFR parts 7, 31, 32, 36, 56, 57, 70, and 75
are not subject to the provisions of this part 1039.
(d) Hobby engines. Engines installed in reduced-scale models of
vehicles

[[Page 189]]

that are not capable of transporting a person are not subject to the
provisions of this part 1039.
(e) Engines used in recreational vehicles. Engines certified to meet
the requirements of 40 CFR part 1051 or are otherwise subject to 40 CFR
part 1051 (for example, engines used in snowmobiles and all-terrain
vehicles) are not subject to the provisions of this part 1039.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40462, July 13, 2005;
73 FR 59191, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 22988, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.10 How is this part organized?

This part 1039 is divided into the following subparts:
(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of part 1039
and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify engines under this part.
Note that Sec. 1039.102 and Sec. 1039.104 discuss certain interim
requirements and compliance provisions that apply only for a limited
time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity.
(d) [Reserved]
(e) Subpart E of this part describes general provisions for testing
in-use engines.
(f) Subpart F of this part describes how to test your engines
(including references to other parts of the Code of Federal
Regulations).
(g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, and other provisions that apply to engine
manufacturers, equipment manufacturers, owners, operators, rebuilders,
and all others.
(h) Subpart H of this part describes how you may generate and use
emission credits to certify your engines.
(i) Subpart I of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40462, July 13, 2005;
72 FR 53129, Sept. 18, 2007]

Sec. 1039.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?

(a) Part 1065 of this chapter describes procedures and equipment
specifications for testing engines to measure exhaust emissions. Subpart
F of this part 1039 describes how to apply the provisions of part 1065
of this chapter to determine whether engines meet the exhaust emission
standards in this part.
(b) The requirements and prohibitions of part 1068 of this chapter
apply to everyone, including anyone who manufactures, imports, installs,
owns, operates, or rebuilds any of the engines subject to this part
1039, or equipment containing these engines. Part 1068 of this chapter
describes general provisions, including these seven areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for engine manufacturers,
equipment manufacturers, and others.
(2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.
(3) Exclusions and exemptions for certain engines.
(4) Importing engines.
(5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(6) Defect reporting and recall.
(7) Procedures for hearings.
(c) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 75 FR 22988, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.20 What requirements from this part apply to excluded stationary

engines?

The provisions of this section apply for engines built on or after
January 1, 2006.
(a) You must add a permanent label or tag to each new engine you
produce or import that is excluded under Sec. 1039.1(c) as a stationary
engine and is not required by 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII, to meet the
requirements of this part 1039, or the requirements of 40 CFR parts 89,
94 or 1042, that are equivalent to the requirements applicable to marine
or land-based nonroad engines for the same model year. To meet labeling
requirements, you must do the following things:
(1) Attach the label or tag in one piece so no one can remove it
without destroying or defacing it.

[[Page 190]]

(2) Secure it to a part of the engine needed for normal operation
and not normally requiring replacement.
(3) Make sure it is durable and readable for the engine's entire
life.
(4) Write it in English.
(5) Follow the requirements in Sec. 1039.135(g) regarding duplicate
labels if the engine label is obscured in the final installation.
(b) Engine labels or tags required under this section must have the
following information:
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION.''
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may instead
include the fill corporate name and trademark of another company you
choose to designate.
(3) State the engine displacement (in liters) and maximum engine
power (or in the case of fire pumps, NFPA nameplate engine power).
(4) State: ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPTED FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR
PARTS 89 AND 1039 AS A ``STATIONARY ENGINE.'' INSTALLING OR USING THIS
ENGINE IN ANY OTHER APPLICATION MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW
SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.''
(c) Stationary engines required by 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII, to
meet the requirements of this part 1039, or part 89, 94 or 1042, must
meet the labeling requirements of 40 CFR 60.4210.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 71 FR 39185, July 11, 2006;
76 FR 37977, June 28, 2011]

Sec. 1039.30 Submission of information.

(a) This part includes various requirements to record data or other
information. Refer to Sec. 1039.825 and 40 CFR 1068.25 regarding
recordkeeping requirements. Unless we specify otherwise, store these
records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available
for one year after you send an associated application for certification,
or one year after you generate the data if they do not support an
application for certification. You must promptly send us organized,
written records in English if we ask for them. We may review them at any
time.
(b) The regulations in Sec. 1039.255 and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. This includes
information not related to certification.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1039.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a
certificate holder.

[75 FR 22988, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1039.101 What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet after the

2014 model year?

The exhaust emission standards of this section apply after the 2014
model year. Certain of these standards also apply for model year 2014
and earlier. This section presents the full set of emission standards
that apply after all the transition and phase-in provisions of Sec.
1039.102 and Sec. 1039.104 expire. See Sec. 1039.102 and 40 CFR 89.112
for exhaust emission standards that apply to 2014 and earlier model
years. Section 1039.105 specifies smoke standards.
(a) Emission standards for transient testing. Transient exhaust
emissions from your engines may not exceed the applicable emission
standards in Table 1 of this section. Measure emissions using the
applicable transient test procedures described in subpart F of this
part. The following engines are not subject to the transient standards
in this paragraph (a):
(1) Engines above 560 kW.
(2) Constant-speed engines.
(b) Emission standards for steady-state testing. Steady-state
exhaust emissions from your engines may not exceed the applicable
emission standards in Table 1 of this section. Measure emissions using
the applicable steady-state test procedures described in subpart F of
this part.

[[Page 191]]

Table 1 of Sec. 1039.101--Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards After the 2014 Model Year, g/kW-hr \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum engine power Application PM NOX NMHC NOX+NMHC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19...................... All............ \2\ 0.40 ............ ........... 7.5 \3\ 6.6
19 <= kW < 56................ All............ 0.03 ............ ........... 4.7 \4\ 5.0
56 <= kW < 130............... All............ 0.02 0.40 0.19 ........... 5.0
130 <= kW <= 560............. All............ 0.02 0.40 0.19 ........... 3.5
Generator sets. 0.03 0.67 0.19 ........... 3.5
kW 560........... All except 0.04 3.5 0.19 ........... 3.5
generator sets.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Note that some of these standards also apply for 2014 and earlier model years. This table presents the full
set of emission standards that apply after all the transition and phase-in provisions of Sec. 1039.102
expire.
\2\ See paragraph (c) of this section for provisions related to an optional PM standard for certain engines
below 8 kW.
\3\ The CO standard is 8.0 g/kW-hr for engines below 8 kW.
\4\ The CO standard is 5.5 g/kW-hr for engines below 37 kW.

(c) Optional PM standard for engines below 8 kW. You may certify
hand-startable, air-cooled, direct injection engines below 8 kW to an
optional Tier 4 PM standard of 0.60 g/kW-hr. The term hand-startable
generally refers to engines that are started using a hand crank or pull
cord. This PM standard applies to both steady-state and transient
testing, as described in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. Engines
certified under this paragraph (c) may not be used to generate PM or
NOX+NMHC emission credits under the provisions of subpart H
of this part. These engines may use PM or NOX+NMHC emission
credits, subject to the FEL caps in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(d) Averaging, banking, and trading. You may generate or use
emission credits under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT)
program, as described in subpart H of this part. This requires that you
specify a family emission limit (FEL) for each pollutant you include in
the ABT program for each engine family. These FELs serve as the emission
standards for the engine family with respect to all required testing
instead of the standards specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
section. The FELs determine the not-to-exceed standards for your engine
family, as specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
(1) Primary FEL caps. The FEL may not be higher than the limits in
Table 2 of this section, except as allowed by paragraph (d)(2) of this
section or by Sec. 1039.102:

Table 2 of Sec. 1039.101--Tier 4 FEL Caps After the 2014 Model Year, g/kW-hr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum engine power Application PM NOX NOX+NMHC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19................................... All.......................... 0.80 ........... \1\ 9.5
19 <= kW < 56............................. All.......................... 0.05 ........... 7.5
56 <= kW < 130............................ All.......................... 0.04 0.80 ...........
130 <= kW <= 560.......................... All.......................... 0.04 0.80 ...........
kW 560........................ Generator sets............... 0.05 1.07 ...........
All except generator sets.... 0.07 6.2 ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For engines below 8 kW, the FEL cap is 10.5 g/kW-hr for NOX+NMHC emissions.

(2) Alternate FEL caps. For a given power category, you may use the
alternate FEL caps shown in Table 3 of this section instead of the FEL
caps identified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section for up to 5 percent
of your U.S.-directed production volume in a given model year.

Table 3 of Sec. 1039.101--Alternate FEL Caps, g/kW-hr
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Starting
Maximum engine power model year PM FEL cap NOX FEL cap
\1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 <= kW < 56.................... \2\ 2016 0.30 ...........
56 <= kW < 130................... 2016 \3\ 0.30 \3\ 3.8
130 <= kW <= 560................. 2015 0.20 3.8

[[Page 192]]

kW 560............... 2019 0.10 \4\ 3.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See Sec. 1039.104(g) for alternate FEL caps that apply in earlier
model years.
\2\ For manufacturers certifying engines under Option 1 of
Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102, these alternate FEL caps apply starting
with the 2017 model year.
\3\ For engines below 75 kW, the FEL caps are 0.40 g/kW-hr for PM
emissions and 4.4 g/kW-hr for NOX emissions.
\4\ For engines above 560 kW, the provision for alternate NOX FEL caps
is limited to generator-set engines. For example, if you produce 1,000
generator-set engines above 560 kW in a given model year, up to 50 of
them may be certified to the alternate NOX FEL caps.

(e) Not-to-exceed standards. Exhaust emissions from your engines may
not exceed the applicable not-to-exceed (NTE) standards in this
paragraph (e).
(1) Measure emissions using the procedures described in subpart F of
this part.
(2) Except as noted in paragraph (e)(7) of this section, the NTE
standard, rounded to the same number of decimal places as the applicable
standard in Table 1 of this section, is determined from the following
equation:

NTE standard for each pollutant = (STD) x (M)

Where:

STD = The standard specified for that pollutant in Table 1 of this
section (or paragraph (c) of this section) if you certify without using
ABT for that pollutant; or the FEL for that pollutant if you certify
using ABT.
M = The NTE multiplier for that pollutant, as defined in paragraph
(e)(3) of this section.

(3) The NTE multiplier for each pollutant is 1.25, except in the
following cases:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
If . . . Or . . . Then . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) The engine family is The engine family The multiplier for
certified to a NOX standard is certified to a NOX, NMHC, and
less than 2.50 g/kW-hr without NOX FEL less than NOX+NMHC is 1.50.
using ABT. 2.50 g/kW-hr or a
NOX+NMHC FEL less
than 2.70 g/kW-hr.
(ii) The engine family is The engine family The multiplier for
certified to a PM standard is certified to a PM is 1.50.
less than 0.07 g/kW-hr without PM FEL less than
using ABT. 0.07 g/kW-hr.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(4) There are two sets of specifications of ambient operating
regions that will apply for all NTE testing of engines in an engine
family. You must choose one set for each engine family and must identify
your choice of ambient operating regions in each application for
certification for an engine family. You may choose separately for each
engine family. Choose one of the following ambient operating regions:
(i) All altitudes less than or equal to 5,500 feet above sea level
during all ambient temperature and humidity conditions.
(ii) All altitudes less than or equal to 5,500 feet above sea level,
for temperatures less than or equal to the temperature determined by the
following equation at the specified altitude:

T = -0.00254 x A + 100

Where:

T = ambient air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
A = altitude in feet above sea level (A is negative for altitudes below
sea level).

(5) Temperature and humidity ranges for which correction factors are
allowed are specified in 40 CFR 86.1370-2007(e).
(i) If you choose the ambient operating region specified in
paragraph (e)(4)(i) of this section, the temperature and humidity ranges
for which correction factors are allowed are defined in 40 CFR 86.1370-
2007(e)(1).
(ii) If you choose the ambient operating region specified in
paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section, the temperature and humidity
ranges for which correction factors are allowed are defined in 40 CFR
86.1370-2007(e)(2).
(6) For engines equipped with exhaust-gas recirculation, the NTE
standards of this section do not apply

[[Page 193]]

during the cold operating conditions specified in 40 CFR 86.1370-
2007(f).
(7) For engines certified to a PM FEL less than or equal to 0.01 g/
kW-hr, the PM NTE standard is 0.02 g/kW-hr.
(f) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply
for engines using the fuel type on which the engines in the engine
family are designed to operate, except for engines certified under Sec.
1039.615. For engines certified under Sec. 1039.615, the standards of
this section apply to emissions measured using the specified test fuel.
You must meet the numerical emission standards for NMHC in this section
based on the following types of hydrocarbon emissions for engines
powered by the following fuels:
(1) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions.
(2) Other engines: NMHC emissions.
(g) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section over their full
useful life.
(1) The useful life values are shown in the following table, except
as allowed by paragraph (g)(2) of this section:

Table 4 of Sec. 1039.101--Useful Life Values
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
And its maximum power And its rated speed is Then its useful life is
If your engine is certified as . . . is . . . . . . . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Variable speed or constant speed. kW <19................. Any Speed.............. 3,000 hours or five
years, whichever comes
first.
(ii) Constant speed.................. 19 <= kW <37........... 3,000 rpm or higher.... 3,000 hours or five
years, whichever comes
first.
(iii) Constant speed................. 19 <= kW <37........... Less than 3,000 rpm.... 5,000 hours or seven
years, whichever comes
first.
(iv) Variable........................ 19 <= kW <37........... Any Speed.............. 5,000 hours or seven
years, whichever comes
first.
(v) Variable speed or constant speed. kW =37...... Any speed.............. 8,000 hours or ten
years, whichever comes
first.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) You may request in your application for certification that we
approve a shorter useful life for an engine family. We may approve a
shorter useful life, in hours of engine operation but not in years, if
we determine that these engines will rarely operate longer than the
shorter useful life. If engines identical to those in the engine family
have already been produced and are in use, your demonstration must
include documentation from such in-use engines. In other cases, your
demonstration must include an engineering analysis of information
equivalent to such in-use data, such as data from research engines or
similar engine models that are already in production. Your demonstration
must also include any overhaul interval that you recommend, any
mechanical warranty that you offer for the engine or its components, and
any relevant customer design specifications. Your demonstration may
include any other relevant information. The useful life value may not be
shorter than any of the following:
(i) 1,000 hours of operation.
(ii) Your recommended overhaul interval.
(iii) Your mechanical warranty for the engine.
(h) Applicability for testing. The emission standards in this
subpart apply to all testing, including certification, selective
enforcement audits, and in-use testing. For selective enforcement
audits, we will require you to perform duty-cycle testing as specified
in Sec. Sec. 1039.505 and 1039.510. The NTE standards of this section
apply for those tests. We will not direct you to do additional testing
under a selective enforcement audit to show that your engines meet the
NTE standards.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40462, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1039.102 What exhaust emission standards and phase-in allowances apply

for my engines in model year 2014 and earlier?

The exhaust emission standards of this section apply for 2014 and
earlier model years. See Sec. 1039.101 for exhaust emission standards
that apply to later

[[Page 194]]

model years. See 40 CFR 89.112 for exhaust emission standards that apply
to model years before the standards of this part 1039 take effect.
(a) Emission standards for transient testing. Transient exhaust
emissions from your engines may not exceed the applicable emission
standards in Tables 1 through 6 of this section. Measure emissions using
the applicable transient test procedures described in subpart F of this
part. See paragraph (c) of this section for a description of provisions
related to the phase-in and phase-out standards shown in Tables 4
through 6 of this section. The emission standards for transient testing
are limited for certain engines, as follows:
(1) The transient standards in this section do not apply for the
following engines:
(i) Engines below 37 kW for model years before 2013.
(ii) Engines certified under Option 1 of Table 3 of this
section. These are the small-volume manufacturer engines certified to
the Option 1 standards for model years 2008 through 2015 under
Sec. 1039.104(c), and other engines certified to the Option 1
standards for model years 2008 through 2012.
(iii) Engines certified to an alternate FEL during the first four
years of the Tier 4 standards for the applicable power category, as
allowed in Sec. 1039.104(g). However, you may certify these engines to
the transient standards in this section to avoid using temporary
compliance adjustment factors, as described in Sec. 1039.104(g)(2).
Note that in some cases this four-year period extends into the time
covered by the standards in Sec. 1039.101.
(iv) Constant-speed engines.
(v) Engines above 560 kW.
(2) The transient standards in this section for gaseous pollutants
do not apply to phase-out engines that you certify to the same numerical
standards (and FELs if the engines are certified using ABT) for gaseous
pollutants as you certified under the Tier 3 requirements of 40 CFR part
89. However, except as specified by paragraph (a)(1) of this section,
the transient PM emission standards apply to these engines.
(b) Emission standards for steady-state testing. Steady-state
exhaust emissions from your engines may not exceed the applicable
emission standards in Tables 1 through 7 of this section. Measure
emissions using the applicable steady-state test procedures described in
subpart F of this part. See paragraph (c) of this section for a
description of provisions related to the phase-in and phase-out
standards shown in Tables 4 through 6 of this section.

Table 1 of Sec. 1039.102--Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/kW-hr): kW < 19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum engine power Model years PM NOX + NMHC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 8...................................................... 2008-2014 \1\ 0.40 7.5 8.0
8 <= kW < 19................................................ 2008-2014 0.40 7.5 6.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For engines that qualify for the special provisions in Sec. 1039.101(c), you may delay certifying to the
standards in this part 1039 until 2010. In 2009 and earlier model years, these engines must instead meet the
applicable Tier 2 standards and other requirements from 40 CFR part 89. Starting in 2010, these engines must
meet a PM standard of 0.60 g/kW-hr, as described in Sec. 1039.101(c). Engines certified to the 0.60 g/kWhr
PM standard may not generate ABT credits.

Table 2 of Sec. 1039.102--Interim Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/
kW-hr): 19 <= kW < 37
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model years PM NOX + NMHC CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2008-2012........................ 0.30 7.5 5.5
2013-2014........................ 0.03 4.7 5.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102--Interim Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/kW-hr): 37 <= kW < 56
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Option \1\ Model years PM NOX + NMHC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.................................................. 2008-2012 0.30 4.7 5.0
2.................................................. 2012 0.03 4.7 5.0

[[Page 195]]

All......................................................... 2013-2014 0.03 4.7 5.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\You may certify engines to the Option 1 or Option 2 standards starting in the listed model
year. Under Option 1, all engines at or above 37 kW and below 56 kW produced before the 2013 model
year must meet the applicable Option 1 standards in this table. These engines are considered to be
``Option 1 engines.'' Under Option 2, all these engines produced before the 2012 model year
must meet the applicable standards under 40 CFR part 89. Engines certified to the Option 2 standards
in model year 2012 are considered to be ``Option 2 engines.''

Table 4 of Sec. 1039.102--Interim Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/kW-hr): 56 <= kW < 75
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model years \1\ Phase-in option PM NOX NMHC NOX + NMHC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2012-2013.................... Phase-in........ 0.02 0.40 0.19 ........... 5.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase-out....... 0.02 ........... ........... 4.7 5.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2014......................... All engines..... 0.02 0.40 0.19 ........... 5.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See paragraph (d)(2) of this section for provisions that allow for a different phase-in schedule than that
specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

Table 5 of Sec. 1039.102--Interim Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/kW-hr): 75 <= kW < 130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model years \1\ Phase-in option PM NOX NMHC NOX + NMHC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2012-2013.................... Phase-in........ 0.02 0.40 0.19 ........... 5.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase-out....... 0.02 ........... ........... 4.0 5.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2014......................... All engines..... 0.02 0.40 0.19 ........... 5.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See paragraph (d)(2) of this section for provisions that allow for a different phase-in schedule than that
specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

Table 6 of Sec. 1039.102--Interim Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/kW-hr): 130 <= kW < 560
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model years \1\ Phase-in option PM NOX NMHC NOX + NMHC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2011-2013.................... Phase-in........ 0.02 0.40 0.19 ........... 3.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase-out....... 0.02 ........... ........... 4.0 3.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2014......................... All engines..... 0.02 0.40 0.19 ........... 3.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 7 of Sec. 1039.102--Interim Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/kW-hr): kW 560
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum engine
Model years power Application PM NOX NMHC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2011-2014....................... 560 < kW <= 900... All............... 0.10 3.5 0.40 3.5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW 900 Generator sets.... 0.10 0.67 0.40 3.5
-----------------------------------------------------------
All except 0.10 3.5 0.40 3.5
generator sets.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) Phase-in requirements. The following phase-in provisions apply
for engines in 56-560 kW power categories meeting the interim Tier 4
standards in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:
(1) For each model year before 2014 noted in Tables 4 through 6 of
this section, you must certify engine families representing at least 50
percent of your U.S.-directed production volume for each power category
to the applicable phase-in standards, except as allowed by paragraph
(c)(3), (d)(2), or (e) of this section. Any engines not certified to

[[Page 196]]

the phase-in standards must be certified to the corresponding phase-out
standards.
(2) Engines certified to the phase-out standards in Tables 4 through
6 of this section must comply with all other requirements that apply to
Tier 4 engines, except as otherwise specified in this section.
(3) At the time of certification, show how you intend to meet the
phase-in requirements of this paragraph (c) based on projected U.S.-
directed production volumes. If your actual U.S.-directed production
volume fails to meet the phase-in requirements for a given model year,
you must make up the shortfall (in terms of number of engines) by the
end of the model year representing the final year of the phase-in
period. For example, if you plan in good faith to produce 50 percent of
a projected 10,000 engines in the 56-130 kW power category (i.e., 5,000
engines) in 2012 in compliance with the Tier 4 phase-in standards for
NOX and NMHC in Table 4 of this section, but produce 4,500
such engines of an actual 10,000 engines, you must produce 500 engines
in model year 2013 (i.e., the final year of the phase-in for this power
category) that meet the Tier 4 phase-in standards above and beyond the
production otherwise needed to meet the 50-percent phase-in requirement
for model year 2013. If any shortfall exceeds the applicable limit of
paragraph (c)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section, that number of phase-out
engines will be considered not covered by a certificate of conformity
and in violation of Sec. 1068.101(a)(1). The shortfall allowed by this
paragraph (c)(3) may not exceed a certain number of engines, as follows:
(i) For engine families certified according to the alternate phase-
in schedule described in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, for model
years prior to the final year of the phase-in, 5 percent of your actual
U.S.-directed production volume for that power category in that model
year.
(ii) For all other engine families, for model years prior to the
final year of the phase-in, 25 percent of your actual U.S.-directed
production volume for that power category in that model year.
(iii) No shortfall is allowed in the final year of the phase-in.
(4) Engines you introduce into commerce beyond the limits described
in paragraphs (c)(3) of this section will be considered not covered by a
certificate of conformity and in violation of Sec. 1068.101(a)(1).
(5) For the purposes of this part, the term ``phase-in'' means
relating to a standard that is identified in this section as a phase-in
standard and the term ``phase-out'' means relating to a standard that is
identified in this section as a phase-out standard. For example, a 200-
kW engine from the 2012 model year that is certified to the 4.0 g/kW-hr
NOX+NMHC standard in Table 6 of Sec. 1039.102 is a phase-out
engine.
(d) Banked credits and alternate phase-in for 56-130 kW engines. For
engines in the 56-130 kW power category, you may use only one of the
following additional provisions:
(1) For model years 2012 through 2014, you may use banked
NOX+NMHC credits from any Tier 2 engine at or above 37 kW
certified under 40 CFR part 89 to meet the NOX phase-in
standards or the NOX+NMHC phase-out standards under
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, subject to the additional ABT
provisions in Sec. 1039.740.
(2) Instead of meeting the phase-in requirements of paragraph (c)(1)
of this section, you may certify engine families representing at least
25 percent of your U.S.-directed production volume for each model year
from 2012 through 2014 to the applicable phase-in standards in Tables 4
and 5 of this section, except as allowed by paragraph (c)(3) or (e) of
this section. Any engines not certified to the phase-in standards must
be certified to the corresponding phase-out standards. Engines certified
under this paragraph (d)(2) may generate NOX emission credits
only for averaging within the same power category during the same model
year. For engines certified under this paragraph (d)(2), the 2014 model
year may not extend beyond December 30, 2014.
(e) Alternate NOX standards. For engines in 56-560 kW power
categories during the phase-in of Tier 4 standards, you may certify
engine families to the alternate NOX or NOX + NMHC
standards in this paragraph (e) instead of the

[[Page 197]]

phase-in and phase-out NOX and NOX + NMHC
standards described in Tables 4 through 6 of this section. Engines
certified to an alternate NOX standard under this section
must be certified to an NMHC standard of 0.19 g/kW-hr. Do not include
engine families certified under this paragraph (e) in determining
whether you comply with the percentage phase-in requirements of
paragraphs (c) and (d)(2) of this section. Except for the provisions for
alternate FEL caps in Sec. 1039.104(g), the NOX and
NOX + NMHC standards and FEL caps under this paragraph (e)
are as follows:
(1) For engines in the 56-130 kW power category, apply the following
alternate NOX standards and FEL caps:
(i) If you use the provisions of paragraph (d)(1) of this section,
your alternate NOX standard for any engine family in the 56-
130 kW power category is 2.3 g/kW-hr for model years 2012 and 2013.
Engines certified to this standard may not exceed a NOX FEL
cap of 3.0 g/kW-hr.
(ii) If you use the provisions of paragraph (d)(2) of this section,
your alternate NOX standard for any engine family in the 56-
130 kW power category is 3.4 g/kW-hr for model years 2012 through 2014.
Engines below 75 kW certified to this standard may not exceed a
NOX FEL cap of 4.4 g/kW-hr; engines at or above 75 kW
certified to this standard may not exceed a NOX FEL cap of
3.8 g/kW-hr.
(iii) If you do not use the provisions of paragraph (d) of this
section, you may apply the alternate NOX standard and the
appropriate FEL cap from either paragraph (e)(1)(i) or (ii) of this
section.
(2) For engines in the 130-560 kW power category, the alternate
NOX standard is 2.0 g/kW-hr for model years 2011 through
2013. Engines certified to this standard may not exceed a NOX
FEL cap of 2.7 g/kW-hr.
(3) You use NOX + NMHC emission credits to certify an
engine family to the alternate NOX + NMHC standards in this
paragraph (e)(3) instead of the otherwise applicable alternate
NOX and NMHC standards. Calculate the alternate
NOX + NMHC standard by adding 0.1 g/kW-hr to the numerical
value of the applicable alternate NOX standard of paragraph
(e)(1) or (2) of this section. Engines certified to the NOX +
NMHC standards of this paragraph (e)(3) may not generate emission
credits. The FEL caps for engine families certified under this paragraph
(e)(3) are the previously applicable NOX + NMHC standards of
40 CFR 89.112 (generally the Tier 3 standards).
(f) Split families. For generating or using credits for engines in
56-560 kW power categories during the phase-in of Tier 4 standards, you
may split an engine family into two subfamilies (for example, one that
uses credits and one that generates credits for the same pollutant).
(1) Identify any split engine families in your application for
certification. Your engines must comply with all the standards and
requirements applicable to Tier 4 engines, except as noted in this
paragraph (f). You may calculate emission credits relative to different
emission standards (i.e., phase-in and phase-out standards) for
different sets of engines within the engine family, but the engine
family must be certified to a single set of standards and FELs. To
calculate NOX+NMHC emission credits, add the NOX
FEL to the NMHC phase-in standard for comparison with the applicable
NOX+NMHC phase-out standard. Any engine family certified
under this paragraph (f) must meet the applicable phase-in standard for
NMHC. You may assign the number and configurations of engines within the
respective subfamilies any time before the due date for the final report
required in Sec. 1039.730. Apply the same label to each engine in the
family, including the NOX FEL to which it is certified.
(2) For example, a 10,000-unit engine family in the 75-130 kW power
category may be certified to meet the standards for PM, NMHC, and CO
that apply to phase-in engines, with a 0.8 g/kW-hr FEL for
NOX. When compared to the phase-out NOX+NMHC
standard, this engine family would generate positive NOX+NMHC
emission credits. When compared to the phase-in NOX standard,
this engine family would generate negative NOX emission
credits. You could create a subfamily with 2,500 engines (one-quarter of
the 10,000 engines) and identify them as phase-in engines. You would
count these 2,500, with their

[[Page 198]]

negative NOX credits, in determining compliance with the 50-
percent phase-in requirement in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. You
would calculate negative credits relative to the 0.40 g/kW-hr
NOX standard for these 2,500 engines. You would identify the
other 7,500 engines in the family as phase-out engines and calculate
positive credits relative to the 4.0 g/kW-hr NOX+NMHC
standard.
(g) Other provisions. The provisions of Sec. 1039.101(d) through
(h) apply with respect to the standards of this section, with the
following exceptions and special provisions:
(1) NTE standards. Use the provisions of Sec. 1039.101(e)(3) to
calculate and apply the NTE standards, but base these calculated values
on the applicable standards in this section or the applicable FEL,
instead of the standards in Table 1 of Sec. 1039.101. All other
provisions of Sec. 1039.101(e) apply under this paragraph (g)(1). The
NTE standards do not apply for certain engines and certain pollutants,
as follows:
(i) All engines below 37 kW for model years before 2013.
(ii) All engines certified under Option 1 of Table 3 of
this section. These are small-volume manufacturer engines certified to
the Option 1 standards for model years 2008 through 2015 under
Sec. 1039.104(c), and other engines certified to the Option 1
standards for model years 2008 through 2012.
(iii) All engines less than or equal to 560 kW that are certified to
an FEL under the alternate FEL program during the first four years of
the Tier 4 standards for the applicable power category, as described in
Sec. 1039.104(g). However, if you apply to meet transient emission
standards for these engines under Sec. 1039.102(a)(1)(iii), you must
also meet the NTE standards in this paragraph (g)(1).
(iv) Gaseous pollutants for phase-out engines that you certify to
the same numerical standards and FELs for gaseous pollutants to which
you certified under the Tier 3 requirements of 40 CFR part 89. However,
the NTE standards for PM apply to these engines.
(2) Interim FEL caps. As described in Sec. 1039.101(d), you may
participate in the ABT program in subpart H of this part by certifying
engines to FELs for PM, NOX, or NOX+NMHC instead
of the standards in Tables 1 through 7 of this section for the model
years shown. The FEL caps listed in the following table apply instead of
the FEL caps in Sec. 1039.101(d)(1), except as allowed by Sec.
1039.104(g):

Table 8 of Sec. 1039.102--Interim Tier 4 FEL Caps, g/kW-hr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model years
Maximum engine power Phase-in option \1\ PM NOX NOX+NMHC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19........................... ..................... 2008-2014 0.80 ........... \2\ 9.5
19 <= kW < 37..................... ..................... 2008-2012 0.60 ........... 9.5
37 <= kW < 56..................... ..................... \3\ 2008-2012 0.40 ........... 7.5
56 <= kW < 130.................... phase-in............. 2012-2013 0.04 0.80 ...........
56 <= kW < 130.................... phase-out............ 2012-2013 0.04 ........... \4\ 6.6
130 <= kW <= 560.................. phase-in............. 2011-2013 0.04 0.80 ...........
130 <= kW <= 560.................. phase-out............ 2011-2013 0.04 ........... \5\ 6.4
kW 560................ ..................... 2011-2014 0.20 6.2 ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For model years before 2015 where this table does not specify FEL caps, apply the FEL caps shown in Sec.
1039.101.
\2\ For engines below 8 kW, the FEL cap is 10.5 g/kW-hr for NOX+NMHC emissions.
\3\ For manufacturers certifying engines to the standards of this part 1039 in 2012 under Option 2 of
Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102, the FEL caps for 37-56 kW engines in the 19-56 kW category of Table 2 of Sec.
1039.101 apply for model year 2012 and later; see 40 CFR part 89 for provisions that apply to earlier model
years.
\4\ For engines below 75 kW, the FEL cap is 7.5 g/kW-hr for NOX+NMHC emissions.
\5\ For engines below 225 kW, the FEL cap is 6.6 g/kW-hr for NOX+NMHC emissions.

(3) Crankcase emissions. The crankcase emission requirements of
Sec. 1039.115(a) do not apply to engines using charge-air compression
that are certified to an FEL under the alternate FEL program in Sec.
1039.104(g) during the first four years of the Tier 4 standards for the
applicable power category.
(4) Special provisions for 37-56 kW engines. For engines at or above
37 kW and below 56 kW from model years 2008

[[Page 199]]

through 2012, you must add information to the emission-related
installation instructions to clarify the equipment manufacturer's
obligations under Sec. 1039.104(f).

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 72 FR 53130, Sept. 18, 2007;
73 FR 59191, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 68461, Nov. 8, 2010]

Sec. 1039.104 Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited

time?

The provisions in this section apply instead of other provisions in
this part. This section describes when these interim provisions apply.
(a) Incentives for early introduction. This paragraph (a) allows you
to reduce the number of engines subject to the applicable standards in
Sec. 1039.101 or Sec. 1039.102, when some of your engines are
certified to the specified levels earlier than otherwise required. The
engines that are certified early are considered offset-generating
engines. The provisions of this paragraph (a), which describe the
requirements applicable to offset-generating engines, apply beginning in
model year 2007. These offset generating engines may generate additional
allowances for equipment manufacturers under the incentive program
described in Sec. 1039.627; you may instead use these offsets under
paragraph (a)(2) of this section in some cases.
(1) For early-compliant engines to generate offsets for use either
under this paragraph (a) or under Sec. 1039.627, you must meet the
following general provisions:
(i) You may not generate offsets from engines below 19 kW.
(ii) You must begin actual production of engines covered by the
corresponding certificate by the following dates:
(A) For engines at or above 19 kW and below 37 kW: September 1,
2012.
(B) For engines at or above 37 kW and below 56 kW: September 1, 2012
if you choose Option 1 in Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102, or
September 1, 2011 if you do not choose Option 1 in Table 3 of
Sec. 1039.102.
(C) For engines in the 56-130 kW power category: September 1, 2011.
(D) For engines in the 130-560 kW power category: September 1, 2010.
(E) For engines above 560 kW: September 1, 2014.
(iii) Engines you produce after December 31 of the year shown in
paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section may not generate offsets.
(iv) You may not use ABT credits to certify offset-generating
engines.
(v) Offset-generating engines must be certified to the Tier 4
standards and requirements under this part 1039.
(2) If equipment manufacturers decline offsets for your offset-
generating engines under Sec. 1039.627, you may not generate ABT
credits with these engines, but you may reduce the number of engines
that are required to meet the standards in Sec. 1039.101 or Sec.
1039.102 as follows:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may reduce the
That are number of engines
With maximum certified to the in the same power
For every . . . engine power . . applicable category that are In later model years
. standards in . . required to meet by . . .
. the . . .

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) 2 engines................. 19 <= kW < 37.... Table 2 of Sec. PM standard in 3 engines.
1039.102 \1\. Table 2 of Sec.
1039.102
applicable to
model year 2013
or 2014 engines
or the PM
standard in Table
1 of Sec.
1039.101.
(ii) 2 engines................ 56 <= kW <= 560.. Table 4, 5, or 6 Phase-out 3 engines.
of Sec. standards in
1039.102 for Tables 4 through
Phase-out 6 of Sec.
engines. 1039.102.
(iii) 2 engines............... kW = Table 1 of Sec. Standards in 3 engines. \2\
19. 1039.101. Tables 2 through
7 of Sec.
1039.102 or
standards in
Table 1 of Sec.
1039.101.
(iv) 1 engine................. kW = Table 1 of Sec. Standards in 2 engines. \2\
19. 1039.101 + 0.20 Tables 2 through
g/kW-hr NOX 7 of Sec.
standard. 1039.102 or
standards in
Table 1 of Sec.
1039.101.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The engine must be certified to the PM standard applicable to model year 2013 engines, and to the NOX+NMHC
and CO standards applicable to model year 2012 engines.
\2\ For engines above 560 kW, offsets from generator-set engines may be used only for generator-set engines.
Offsets from engines for other applications may be used only for other applications besides generator sets.

[[Page 200]]

(3) Example: If you produce 100 engines in the 56-130 kW power
category in model year 2008 that are certified to the 56-130 kW
standards listed in Sec. 1039.101, and you produced 10,000 engines in
this power category in model year 2015, then only 9,850 of these model
year 2015 engines would need to comply with the standards listed in
Sec. 1039.101. The 100 offset-generating engines in model year 2008
could not use or generate ABT credits.
(4) Offset-using engines (that is, those not required to certify to
the standards of Sec. 1039.101 or Sec. 1039.102 under paragraph (a)(2)
of this section) are subject to the following provisions:
(i) If the offset is being used under paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this
section for an engine that would otherwise be certified to the model
year 2013 or 2014 standards in Table 2 of Sec. 1039.102 or the
standards in Table 1 of Sec. 1039.101, this engine must be certified to
the standards and requirements of this part 1039, except that the only
PM standard that applies is the steady-state PM standard that applies
for model year 2012. Such an engine may not generate ABT credits.
(ii) If the offset is being used under paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section for an engine that would otherwise be certified to the phase-out
standards in Tables 4 through 6 of Sec. 1039.102, this engine must be
certified to the standards and requirements of this part 1039, except
that the PM standard is the Tier 3 PM standard that applies for this
engine's maximum power. Such an engine will be treated as a phase-out
engine for purposes of determining compliance with percentage phase-in
requirements. Such an engine may not generate ABT credits.
(iii) All other offset-using engines must meet the standards and
other provisions that apply in model year 2011 for engines in the 19-130
kW power categories, in model year 2010 for engines in the 130-560 kW
power category, or in model year 2014 for engines above 560 kW. Show
that engines meet these emission standards by meeting all the
requirements of Sec. 1068.265. You must meet the labeling requirements
in Sec. 1039.135, but add the following statement instead of the
compliance statement in Sec. 1039.135(c)(12): ``THIS ENGINE MEETS U.S.
EPA EMISSION STANDARDS UNDER 40 CFR 1039.104(a).'' For power categories
with a percentage phase-in, these engines should be treated as phase-in
engines for purposes of determining compliance with phase-in
requirements.
(5) If an equipment manufacturer claims offsets from your engine for
use under Sec. 1039.627, the engine generating the offset must comply
with the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section. You may not
generate offsets for use under paragraphs (a)(2) and (5) of this section
for these engines. You may generate ABT credits from these engines as
follows:
(i) To generate emission credits for NOX,
NOX+NMHC, and PM, the engine must be certified to FELs at or
below the standards in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(ii) Calculate credits according to Sec. 1039.705 but use as the
applicable standard the numerical value of the standard to which the
engine would have otherwise been subject if it had not been certified
under this paragraph (a).
(iii) For the production volume, use the number of engines certified
under this paragraph (a) for which you do not claim offsets under
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(6) You may include engines used to generate offsets under this
paragraph (a) and engines used to generate offsets under Sec. 1039.627
in the same engine family, subject to the provisions of Sec. 1039.230.
The engine must be certified to FELs, as specified in paragraph
(a)(5)(i) of this section. The FELs must be below the standard levels
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section and those specified in
Sec. 1039.627. In the reports required in Sec. 1039.730, include the
following information for each model year:
(i) The total number of engines that generate offsets under this
paragraph (a).
(ii) The number of engines used to generate offsets under paragraph
(a)(2) of this section.
(iii) The names of equipment manufacturers that intend to use your
offsets under Sec. 1039.627 and the number of offsets involved for each
equipment manufacturer.

[[Page 201]]

(b) In-use compliance limits. For purposes of determining compliance
after title or custody has transferred to the ultimate purchaser,
calculate the applicable in-use compliance limits by adjusting the
applicable standards or FELs. This applies only for engines at or above
19 kW. The NOX adjustment applies only for engines with a
NOX FEL no higher than 2.1 g/kW-hr The PM adjustment applies
only for engines with a PM FEL no higher than the PM standard in Sec.
1039.101 for the appropriate power category. Add the following
adjustments to the otherwise applicable standards or FELs (steady-state,
transient, and NTE) for NOX and PM:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The PM
If your engine's maximum The NOX adjustment in g/kW- adjustment in
In model years . . . power is . . . hr is . . . g/kW-hr is . .
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2013-2014............................ 19 <= kW < 56.............. not allowed................. 0.01
2012-2016............................ 56 <= kW < 130............. 0.16 for operating hours <= 0.01
2000.
0.25 for operating hours
2001 to 3400.
0.34 for operating hours 3400.
2011-2015............................ 130 <= kW < 560............ 0.16 for operating hours <= 0.01
2000.
0.25 for operating hours
2001 to 3400.
0.34 for operating hours 3400.
2011-2016............................ kW 560......... 0.16 for operating hours <= 0.01
2000.
0.25 for operating hours
2001 to 3400.
0.34 for operating hours 3400.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) Provisions for small-volume manufacturers. Special provisions
apply if you are a small-volume engine manufacturer subject to the
requirements of this part. You must notify us in writing before January
1, 2008 if you intend to use these provisions.
(1) You may delay complying with certain otherwise applicable Tier 4
emission standards and requirements as described in the following table:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Until model Before that model year the
If your engine's maximum power is . . . You may delay meeting . . . year . . . engine must comply with . .
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19.................................. The standards and 2011 The standards and
requirements of this part. requirements in 40 CFR
part 89.
19 <= kW < 37............................ The Tier 4 standards and 2016 The Tier 4 standards and
requirements of this part requirements that apply
that would otherwise be for model year 2008.
applicable in model year
2013.
37 <= kW < 56............................ See paragraph (c)(2) of this section for special provisions that
apply for engines in this power category.
56 <= kW < 130........................... The standards and 2015 The standards and
requirements of this part. requirements in 40 CFR
part 89.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) To use the provisions of this paragraph (c) for engines at or
above 37 kW and below 56 kW, choose one of the following:
(i) If you comply with the 0.30 g/kW-hr PM standard in Sec.
1039.102 in all model years from 2008 through 2012 without using PM
credits, you may continue meeting that standard through 2015.
(ii) If you do not choose to comply with paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this
section, you may continue to comply with the standards and requirements
in 40 CFR part 89 for model years through 2012, but you must begin
complying in 2013 with Tier 4 standards and requirements specified in
Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102 for model years 2013 and later.
(3) After the delays indicated in paragraph (c)(1) and (2) of this
section, you must comply with the same Tier 4 standards and requirements
as all other manufacturers.
(4) For engines not in the 19-56 kW power category, if you delay
compliance with any standards under this paragraph (c), you must do all
the following things for the model years when you are delaying
compliance with the otherwise applicable standards:
(i) Produce engines that meet all the emission standards and other
requirements under 40 CFR part 89 applicable

[[Page 202]]

for that model year, except as noted in this paragraph (c).
(ii) Meet the labeling requirements in 40 CFR 89.110, but use the
following compliance statement instead of the compliance statement in 40
CFR 89.110(b)(10): ``THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR
[CURRENT MODEL YEAR] NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES UNDER 40 CFR
1039.104(c).''.
(iii) Notify the equipment manufacturer that the engines you produce
under this section are excluded from the production volumes associated
with the equipment-manufacturer allowance program in Sec. 1039.625.
(5) For engines in the 19-56 kW power category, if you delay
compliance with any standards under this paragraph (c), you must do all
the following things for the model years when you are delaying
compliance with the otherwise applicable standards:
(i) Produce engines in those model years that meet all the emission
standards and other requirements that applied for your model year 2008
engines in the same power category.
(ii) Meet the labeling requirements in Sec. 1039.135, but use the
following compliance statement instead of the compliance statement in
Sec. 1039.135: ``THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR
[CURRENT MODEL YEAR] NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES UNDER 40 CFR
1039.104(c).''.
(iii) Notify the equipment manufacturer that the engines you produce
under this section are excluded from the production volumes associated
with the equipment-manufacturer allowance program in Sec. 1039.625.
(6) The provisions of this paragraph (c) may not be used to
circumvent the requirements of this part.
(d) Deficiencies for NTE standards. You may ask us to accept as
compliant an engine that does not fully meet specific requirements under
the applicable NTE standards. Such deficiencies are intended to allow
for minor deviations from the NTE standards under limited conditions. We
expect your engines to have functioning emission-control hardware that
allows you to comply with the NTE standards.
(1) Request our approval for specific deficiencies in your
application for certification, or before you submit your application. We
will not approve deficiencies retroactively to cover engines already
certified. In your request, identify the scope of each deficiency and
describe any auxiliary emission-control devices you will use to control
emissions to the lowest practical level, considering the deficiency you
are requesting.
(2) We will approve a deficiency only if compliance would be
infeasible or unreasonable considering such factors as the technical
feasibility of the given hardware and the applicable lead time and
production cycles--including schedules related to phase-in or phase-out
of engines. We may consider other relevant factors.
(3) Our approval applies only for a single model year and may be
limited to specific engine configurations. We may approve your request
for the same deficiency in the following model year if correcting the
deficiency would require unreasonable hardware or software modifications
and we determine that you have demonstrated an acceptable level of
effort toward complying.
(4) You may ask for any number of deficiencies in the first three
model years during which NTE standards apply for your engines. For the
next four model years, we may approve up to three deficiencies per
engine family. Deficiencies of the same type that apply similarly to
different power ratings within a family count as one deficiency per
family. We may condition approval of any such additional deficiencies
during these four years on any additional conditions we determine to be
appropriate. We will not approve deficiencies after the seven-year
period specified in this paragraph (d)(4).
(e) Diesel test fuels and corresponding labeling requirements. For
diesel-fueled engines in 2011 and later model years, the diesel test
fuel is ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel specified in 40 CFR part 1065. For
diesel-fueled engines in 2010 and earlier model years, use test fuels
and meet labeling requirements as follows:
(1) Use the following test fuels in 2010 and earlier model years:

[[Page 203]]

(i) Unless otherwise specified, the diesel test fuel is low-sulfur
diesel fuel specified in 40 CFR part 1065.
(ii) In model years 2007 through 2010, you may use ultra low-sulfur
diesel fuel as the test fuel for any engine family that employs sulfur-
sensitive technology if you can demonstrate that in-use engines in the
family will use diesel fuel with a sulfur concentration no greater than
15 ppm.
(iii) You may use ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel as the test fuel for
engine families in any power category below 56 kW, as long as none of
the engines in your engine family employ sulfur-sensitive technologies,
you ensure that ultimate purchasers of equipment using these engines are
informed that ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel is recommended, and you
recommend to equipment manufacturers that a label be applied at the fuel
inlet recommending 15 ppm fuel.
(iv) For the engines described in Sec. 1039.101(c) that are
certified to the 0.60 g/kW-hr PM standard in Table 1 of Sec. 1039.102
in the 2010 model year, you may test with the ultra low-sulfur fuel
specified in 40 CFR part 1065.
(2) Meet the labeling requirements of this paragraph (e)(2) (or
other labeling requirements we approve) to identify the applicable test
fuels specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section. Provide
instructions to equipment manufacturers to ensure that they are aware of
these labeling requirements.
(i) For engines certified under the provisions of paragraph
(e)(1)(i) of this section, include the following statement on the
emission control information label and the fuel-inlet label specified in
Sec. 1039.135: ``LOW SULFUR FUEL OR ULTRA LOW SULFUR FUEL ONLY''.
(ii) For engines certified under the provisions of paragraph
(e)(1)(ii) of this section, include the following statement on the
emission control information label and the fuel-inlet label specified in
Sec. 1039.135: ``ULTRA LOW SULFUR FUEL ONLY''.
(iii) For engines certified under the provisions of paragraph
(e)(1)(iii) of this section, include the following statement on the
emission control information label specified in Sec. 1039.135: ``ULTRA
LOW SULFUR FUEL RECOMMENDED''.
(3) For model years 2010 and earlier, we will use the test fuel that
you use under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, subject to the
conditions of paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
(f) Requirements for equipment manufacturers. If you produce
equipment with engines certified to Tier 3 standards under Option
2 of Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102 during model years from 2008
through 2011, then a minimum number of pieces of equipment you produce
using 2012 model year engines must have engines certified to the Option
2 standards, as follows:
(1) For equipment you produce with 2012 model year engines at or
above 37 kW and below 56 kW, determine the minimum number of these
engines that must be certified to the Option 2 standards in
Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102 as follows:
(i) If all the equipment you produce using 2008 through 2011 model
year engines use engines certified to Tier 3 standards under Option
2 of Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102, then all the 2012 model year
engines you install must be certified to the Option 2 standards
of Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102.
(ii) If you produce equipment using 2008 through 2011 model year
engines with some engines certified to Option 1 standards of
Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102 and some engines certified to Tier 3 standards
under Option 2 standards of Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102,
calculate the minimum number of 2012 model year engines you must install
that are certified to the Option 2 standards of Table 3 of
Sec. 1039.102 from the following equation:

Minimum number = [(T-O1-F)/(T-F)-0.05] x P

Where:

T = The total number of 2008-2010 model year engines at or above 37 kW
and below 56 kW that you use in equipment you produce.
O1 = The number of engines from the 2008-2010 model years
certified under Option 1 of Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102 that you
use in equipment you produce.
F = The number of 2008-2010 model year engines at or above 37 kW and
below 56 kW that you use in equipment you produce under the flexibility
provisions of Sec. 1039.625.

[[Page 204]]

P = The total number of 2012 model year engines at or above 37 kW and
below 56 kW that you use in equipment you produce.

(2) As needed for the calculation required by this paragraph (f),
keep records of all equipment you produce using 2008-2012 model year
engines at or above 37 kW and below 56 kW. If you fail to keep these
records, you may not use any 2012 model year engines certified to Option
1 standards in your equipment.
(3) If you fail to comply with the provisions of this paragraph (f),
then using 2012 model year engines certified under Option 1 of
Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102 (or certified to less stringent standards) in
such equipment violates the prohibitions in Sec. 1068.101(a)(1).
(g) Alternate FEL caps. You may certify a limited number of engines
from your U.S.-directed production volume to the FEL caps in Table 1 of
this section instead of the otherwise applicable FEL caps in Sec.
1039.101(d)(1), Sec. 1039.102(e), or Sec. 1039.102(g)(2), subject to
the following provisions:
(1) The provisions of this paragraph (g) apply during the model
years shown in Table 1 of this section. During this period, the number
of engines certified to the FEL caps in Table 1 of this section must not
exceed 20 percent in any single model year in each power category. The
sum of percentages over the four-year period must not exceed a total of
40 percent in each power category. If you certify an engine under an
alternate FEL cap in this paragraph (g) for any pollutant, count it
toward the allowed percentage of engines certified to the alternate FEL
caps.
(2) If your engine is not certified to transient emission standards
under the provisions of Sec. 1039.102(a)(1)(iii), you must adjust your
FEL upward by a temporary compliance adjustment factor (TCAF) before
calculating your negative emission credits under Sec. 1039.705, as
follows:
(i) The temporary compliance adjustment factor for NOX is
1.1.
(ii) The temporary compliance adjustment factor for PM is 1.5.
(iii) The adjusted FEL (FELadj) for calculating emission
credits is determined from the steady-state FEL (FELss) using
the following equation:

FELadj = (FELss) x (TCAF)

(iv) The unadjusted FEL (FELss) applies for all purposes
other than credit calculation.
(3) These alternate FEL caps may not be used for phase-in engines.
(4) Do not apply TCAFs to gaseous emissions for phase-out engines
that you certify to the same numerical standards (and FELs if the
engines are certified using ABT) for gaseous pollutants as you certified
under the Tier 3 requirements of 40 CFR part 89.

Table 1 of Sec. 1039.104--Alternate FEL Caps
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model years Model years
PM FEL cap, g/ for the NOX FEL cap, g/ for the
Maximum engine power kW-hr alternate PM kW-hr alternate NOX
FEL cap FEL cap
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 <= kW < 56................................... 0.30 \1\ 2012-2015 .............. ..............
56 <= kW < 130 \2\.............................. 0.30 2012-2015 3.8 \3\ 2012-2015
130 <= kW <= 560................................ 0.20 2011-2014 3.8 \4\ 2011-2014
kW 560 \5\.......................... 0.10 2015-2018 3.5 2015-2018
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For manufacturers certifying engines under Option 1 of Table 3 of Sec. 1039.102, these alternate
FEL caps apply to all 19-56 kW engines for model years from 2013 through 2016 instead of in the years
indicated in this table. For manufacturers certifying engines under Option 2 of Table 3 of Sec.
1039.102, these alternate FEL caps do not apply to 19-37 kW engines except in model years 2013 to 2015.
\2\ For engines below 75 kW, the FEL caps are 0.40 g/kW-hr for PM emissions and 4.4 g/kW-hr for NOX emissions.
\3\ For manufacturers certifying engines in this power category using a percentage phase-in/phase-out approach
instead of the alternate NOX standards of Sec. 1039.102(e)(1), the alternate NOX FEL cap in the table
applies only in the 2014-2015 model years if certifying under Sec. 1039.102(d)(1), and only in the 2015
model year if certifying under (1039.102(d)(2).
\4\ For manufacturers certifying engines in this power category using the percentage phase-in/phase-out approach
instead of the alternate NOX standard of Sec. 1039.102(e)(2), the alternate NOX FEL cap in the table applies
only for the 2014 model year.
\5\ For engines above 560 kW, the provision for alternate NOX FEL caps is limited to generator-set engines. For
example, if you produce 1,000 generator-set engines above 560 kW in 2015, up to 200 of them may be certified
to the alternate NOX FEL caps.

(5) You may certify engines under this paragraph (g) without regard
to whether or not the engine family's FEL is at or below the otherwise
applicable FEL cap. For example, a 200 kW engine certified to the
NOX + NMHC

[[Page 205]]

standard of Sec. 1039.102(e)(3) with an FEL equal to the FEL cap of 2.8
g/kW-hr may be certified under this paragraph (g) and count toward the
sales limit specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
(h) Delayed compliance with labeling requirements. Before the 2011
model year, you may omit the dates of manufacture from the emission
control information label as specified in Sec. 1039.135(c)(6) if you
keep those records and provide them to us upon request.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40462, July 13, 2005;
72 FR 53130, Sept. 18, 2007; 75 FR 22988, Apr. 30, 2010; 75 FR 68461,
Nov. 8, 2010]

Sec. 1039.105 What smoke standards must my engines meet?

(a) The smoke standards in this section apply to all engines subject
to emission standards under this part, except for the following engines:
(1) Single-cylinder engines.
(2) Constant-speed engines.
(3) Engines certified to a PM emission standard or FEL of 0.07 g/kW-
hr or lower.
(b) Measure smoke as specified in Sec. 1039.501(c). Smoke from your
engines may not exceed the following standards:
(1) 20 percent during the acceleration mode.
(2) 15 percent during the lugging mode.
(3) 50 percent during the peaks in either the acceleration or
lugging modes.

Sec. 1039.107 What evaporative emission standards and requirements apply?

There are no evaporative emission standards for diesel-fueled
engines, or engines using other nonvolatile or nonliquid fuels (for
example, natural gas). If your engine uses a volatile liquid fuel, such
as methanol, you must meet the evaporative emission requirements of 40
CFR part 1048 that apply to spark-ignition engines, as follows:
(a) Follow the steps in 40 CFR 1048.245 to show that you meet the
requirements of 40 CFR 1048.105.
(b) Do the following things in your application for certification:
(1) Describe how your engines control evaporative emissions.
(2) Present test data to show that equipment using your engines
meets the evaporative emission standards we specify in this section if
you do not use design-based certification under 40 CFR 1048.245. Show
these figures before and after applying deterioration factors, where
applicable.

Sec. 1039.110 [Reserved]

Sec. 1039.115 What other requirements apply?

Engines that are required to meet the emission standards of this
part must meet the following requirements, except as noted elsewhere in
this part:
(a) Crankcase emissions. Crankcase emissions may not be discharged
directly into the ambient atmosphere from any engine throughout its
useful life, except as follows:
(1) Engines may discharge crankcase emissions to the ambient
atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust emissions (either
physically or mathematically) during all emission testing.
(2) If you take advantage of this exception, you must do the
following things:
(i) Manufacture the engines so that all crankcase emissions can be
routed into the applicable sampling systems specified in 40 CFR part
1065.
(ii) Account for deterioration in crankcase emissions when
determining exhaust deterioration factors.
(3) For purposes of this paragraph (a), crankcase emissions that are
routed to the exhaust upstream of exhaust aftertreatment during all
operation are not considered to be discharged directly into the ambient
atmosphere.
(b)-(d) [Reserved]
(e) Adjustable parameters. Engines that have adjustable parameters
must meet all the requirements of this part for any adjustment in the
physically adjustable range. An operating parameter is not considered
adjustable if you permanently seal it or if it is not normally
accessible using ordinary tools. We may require that you set adjustable
parameters to any specification within the adjustable range during any
testing, including certification testing, selective enforcement
auditing, or in-use testing.

[[Page 206]]

(f) Prohibited controls. You may not design your engines with
emission-control devices, systems, or elements of design that cause or
contribute to an unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety
while operating. For example, this would apply if the engine emits a
noxious or toxic substance it would otherwise not emit that contributes
to such an unreasonable risk.
(g) Defeat devices. You may not equip your engines with a defeat
device. A defeat device is an auxiliary emission-control device that
reduces the effectiveness of emission controls under conditions that the
engine may reasonably be expected to encounter during normal operation
and use. This does not apply to auxiliary-emission control devices you
identify in your certification application if any of the following is
true:
(1) The conditions of concern were substantially included in the
applicable test procedures described in subpart F of this part.
(2) You show your design is necessary to prevent engine (or
equipment) damage or accidents.
(3) The reduced effectiveness applies only to starting the engine.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 72 FR 53130, Sept. 18, 2007]

Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 34147, June 8, 2012, Sec. 1039.115
was amended by adding paragraphs (g)(4) and (g)(5), effective August 7,
2012. For the convenience of the user, the added text is set forth as
follows:

Sec. 1039.115 What other requirements apply?

* * * * *

(g) * * *
(4) The auxiliary emission control device applies only for engines
that will be installed in emergency equipment and the need is justified
in terms of preventing the equipment from losing speed or power due to
abnormal conditions of the emission control system, or in terms of
preventing such abnormal conditions from occurring, during operation
related to emergency response. Examples of such abnormal conditions may
include excessive exhaust backpressure from an overloaded particulate
trap, and running out of diesel exhaust fluid for engines that rely on
urea-based selective catalytic reduction. The emission standards do not
apply when any AECDs approved under this paragraph (g)(4) are active.
(5) The auxiliary emission control device operates only in emergency
situations as defined in Sec. 1039.665 and meets all of the
requirements of that section, and you meet all of the requirements of
that section.

Sec. 1039.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
And its maximum power And its rated speed is Then its warranty
If your engine is certified as . . . is . . . . . . period is . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable speed or constant speed..... kW < 19................ Any speed.............. 1,500 hours or two
years, whichever comes
first.
Constant speed....................... 19 <= kW < 37.......... 3,000 rpm or higher.... 1,500 hours or two
years, whichever comes
first.
Constant speed....................... 19 <= kW < 37.......... Less than 3,000 rpm.... 3,000 hours or five
years, whichever comes
first.

[[Page 207]]

Variable speed....................... 19 <= kW < 37.......... Any speed.............. 3,000 hours or five
years, whichever comes
first.
Variable speed or constant speed..... kW = 37..... Any speed.............. 3,000 hours or five
years, whichever comes
first.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all
components whose failure would increase an engine's emissions of any
regulated pollutant, including components listed in 40 CFR part 1068,
appendix I, and components from any other system you develop to control
emissions. The emission-related warranty covers these components even if
another company produces the component. Your emission-related warranty
does not need to cover components whose failure would not increase an
engine's emissions of any regulated pollutant.
(d) Limited applicability. You may deny warranty claims under this
section if the operator caused the problem through improper maintenance
or use, as described in 40 CFR 1068.115.
(e) Owners manual. Describe in the owners manual the emission-
related warranty provisions from this section that apply to the engine.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40463, July 13, 2005;
75 FR 22989, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

[[Page 208]]

(ii) For the following components, including associated sensors and
actuators, the minimum interval is 4,500 hours: Fuel injectors,
turbochargers, catalytic converters, electronic control units, EGR
systems (including related components, but excluding filters and
coolers), and other add-on components.
(4) For particulate traps, trap oxidizers, and components related to
either of these, scheduled maintenance may include cleaning or repair at
the intervals specified in paragraph (a)(2) or (3) of this section, as
applicable. Scheduled maintenance may include a shorter interval for
cleaning or repair and may also include adjustment or replacement, but
only if we approve it. We will approve your request if you provide the
maintenance free of charge and clearly state this in your maintenance
instructions, and you provide us additional information as needed to
convince us that the maintenance will occur.
(5) You may ask us to approve a maintenance interval shorter than
that specified in paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) of this section under Sec.
1039.210, including emission-related components that were not in
widespread use with nonroad compression-ignition engines before 2011. In
your request you must describe the proposed maintenance step, recommend
the maximum feasible interval for this maintenance, include your
rationale with supporting evidence to support the need for the
maintenance at the recommended interval, and demonstrate that the
maintenance will be done at the recommended interval on in-use engines.
In considering your request, we will evaluate the information you
provide and any other available information to establish alternate
specifications for maintenance intervals, if appropriate. We will
announce any decision we make under this paragraph (a)(5) in the Federal
Register. Anyone may request a hearing regarding such a decision (see
Sec. 1039.820).
(6) If your engine family has an alternate useful life under Sec.
1039.101(g) that is shorter than the period specified in paragraph
(a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section, you may not schedule critical
emission-related maintenance more frequently than the alternate useful
life, except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) Recommended additional maintenance. You may recommend any
additional amount of maintenance on the components listed in paragraph
(a) of this section, as long as you state clearly that these maintenance
steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related warranty valid. If
operators do the maintenance specified in paragraph (a) of this section,
but not the recommended additional maintenance, this does not allow you
to disqualify those engines from in-use testing or deny a warranty
claim. Do not take these maintenance steps during service accumulation
on your emission-data engines.
(c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance
to address problems related to special situations, such as atypical
engine operation. You must clearly state that this additional
maintenance is associated with the special situation you are addressing.
We may disapprove your maintenance instructions if we determine that you
have specified special maintenance steps to address engine operation
that is not atypical, or that the maintenance is unlikely to occur in
use. If we determine that certain maintenance items do not qualify as
special maintenance under this paragraph (c), you may identify this as
recommended additional maintenance under paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Noncritical emission-related maintenance. Subject to the
provisions of this paragraph (d), you may schedule any amount of
emission-related inspection or maintenance that is not covered by
paragraph (a) of this section (that is, maintenance that is neither
explicitly identified as critical emission-related maintenance, nor that
we approve as critical emission-related maintenance). Noncritical
emission-related maintenance generally includes maintenance on the
components we specify in 40 CFR part 1068, appendix I, that is not
covered in paragraph (a) of this section. You must state in the owners
manual that these steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related
warranty valid. If operators fail to do this maintenance, this does not
allow you to disqualify those engines from

[[Page 209]]

in-use testing or deny a warranty claim. Do not take these inspection or
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data
engines.
(e) Maintenance that is not emission-related. For maintenance
unrelated to emission controls, you may schedule any amount of
inspection or maintenance. You may also take these inspection or
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data
engines, as long as they are reasonable and technologically necessary.
This might include adding engine oil, changing air, fuel, or oil
filters, servicing engine-cooling systems, and adjusting idle speed,
governor, engine bolt torque, valve lash, or injector lash. You may
perform this nonemission-related maintenance on emission-data engines at
the least frequent intervals that you recommend to the ultimate
purchaser (but not the intervals recommended for severe service).
(f) Source of parts and repairs. State clearly on the first page of
your written maintenance instructions that a repair shop or person of
the owner's choosing may maintain, replace, or repair emission-control
devices and systems. Your instructions may not require components or
service identified by brand, trade, or corporate name. Also, do not
directly or indirectly condition your warranty on a requirement that the
engine be serviced by your franchised dealers or any other service
establishments with which you have a commercial relationship. You may
disregard the requirements in this paragraph (f) if you do one of two
things:
(1) Provide a component or service without charge under the purchase
agreement.
(2) Get us to waive this prohibition in the public's interest by
convincing us the engine will work properly only with the identified
component or service.
(g) Payment for scheduled maintenance. Owners are responsible for
properly maintaining their engines. This generally includes paying for
scheduled maintenance. However, manufacturers must pay for scheduled
maintenance during the useful life if the regulations require it or if
it meets all the following criteria:
(1) Each affected component was not in general use on similar
engines before the applicable dates shown in paragraph (6) of the
definition of new nonroad engine in Sec. 1039.801.
(2) The primary function of each affected component is to reduce
emissions.
(3) The cost of the scheduled maintenance is more than 2 percent of
the price of the engine.
(4) Failure to perform the maintenance would not cause clear
problems that would significantly degrade the engine's performance.
(h) Owners manual. Explain the owner's responsibility for proper
maintenance in the owners manual.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40463, July 13, 2005;
72 FR 53130, Sept. 18, 2007; 73 FR 59191, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 22989,
Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.130 What installation instructions must I give to equipment

manufacturers?

[[Page 210]]

equipment manufacturers not to install the engines in variable-speed
applications.
(6) Describe any other instructions to make sure the installed
engine will operate according to design specifications in your
application for certification. This may include, for example,
instructions for installing aftertreatment devices when installing the
engines.
(7) State: ``If you install the engine in a way that makes the
engine's emission control information label hard to read during normal
engine maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the equipment,
as described in 40 CFR 1068.105.''.
(8) Describe equipment-labeling requirements consistent with Sec.
1039.135. State whether you are providing the label for the fuel inlet
or the equipment manufacturer must provide the label.
(c) You do not need installation instructions for engines you
install in your own equipment.
(d) Provide instructions in writing or in an equivalent format. For
example, you may post instructions on a publicly available website for
downloading or printing. If you do not provide the instructions in
writing, explain in your application for certification how you will
ensure that each installer is informed of the installation requirements.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40463, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1039.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

(a) Assign each engine a unique identification number and
permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the engine in a legible way.
(b) At the time of manufacture, affix a permanent and legible label
identifying each engine. The label must be--
(1) Attached in one piece so it is not removable without being
destroyed or defaced. However, you may use two-piece labels for engines
below 19 kW if there is not enough space on the engine to apply a one-
piece label.
(2) Secured to a part of the engine needed for normal operation and
not normally requiring replacement.
(3) Durable and readable for the engine's entire life.
(4) Written in English.
(c) The label must--
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may identify
another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you comply
with the provisions of Sec. 1039.640.
(3) Include EPA's standardized designation for the engine family
(and subfamily, where applicable).
(4) State the power category or subcategory from Sec. 1039.101 or
Sec. 1039.102 that determines the applicable emission standards for the
engine family. For engines at or above 37 kW and below 56 kW from model
years 2008 through 2012, and for engines less than 8 kW utilizing the
provision at Sec. 1039.101(c), you must state the applicable PM
standard for the engine family.
(5) State the engine's displacement (in liters); however, you may
omit this from the label if all the engines in the engine family have
the same per-cylinder displacement and total displacement.
(6) State the date of manufacture [DAY (optional), MONTH, and YEAR];
however, you may omit this from the label if you stamp, engrave, or
otherwise permanently identify it elsewhere on the engine, in which case
you must also describe in your application for certification where you
will identify the date on the engine.
(7) State the FELs to which the engines are certified if
certification depends on the ABT provisions of subpart H of this part.
(8) Identify the emission-control system. Use terms and
abbreviations as described in 40 CFR 1068.45. You may omit this
information from the label if there is not enough room for it and you
put it in the owners manual instead.
(9) For diesel-fueled engines, unless otherwise specified in Sec.
1039.104(e)(2), state: ``ULTRA LOW SULFUR FUEL ONLY'.
(10) Identify any additional requirements for fuel and lubricants
that do not involve fuel-sulfur levels. You may omit this information
from the label if there is not enough room for it and you put it in the
owners manual instead.

[[Page 211]]

(11) State the useful life for your engine family if we approve a
shortened useful life under Sec. 1039.101(g)(2).
(12) State: ``THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR
[MODEL YEAR] NONROAD DIESEL ENGINES.''.
(13) For engines above 560 kW, include the following things:
(i) For engines certified to the emission standards for generator-
set engines, add the phrase ``FOR GENERATOR SETS AND OTHER
APPLICATIONS''.
(ii) For all other engines, add the phrase ``NOT FOR USE IN A
GENERATOR SET''.
(14) If your engines are certified only for constant-speed
operation, state ``USE IN CONSTANT-SPEED APPLICATIONS ONLY''.
(d) You may add information to the emission control information
label to identify other emission standards that the engine meets or does
not meet (such as European standards). You may also add other
information to ensure that the engine will be properly maintained and
used.
(e) Except as specified in Sec. 1039.104(e)(2), create a separate
label with the statement: ``ULTRA LOW SULFUR FUEL ONLY''. Permanently
attach this label to the equipment near the fuel inlet or, if you do not
manufacture the equipment, take one of the following steps to ensure
that the equipment will be properly labeled:
(1) Provide the label to the equipment manufacturer and include the
appropriate information in the emission-related installation
instructions.
(2) Confirm that the equipment manufacturers install their own
complying labels.
(f) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
part 1039 if you show that it is necessary or appropriate. We will
approve your request if your alternate label is consistent with the
requirements of this part.
(g) If you obscure the engine label while installing the engine in
the equipment such that the label cannot be read during normal
maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the equipment. If
others install your engine in their equipment in a way that obscures the
engine label, we require them to add a duplicate label on the equipment
(see 40 CFR 1068.105); in that case, give them the number of duplicate
labels they request and keep the following records for at least five
years:
(1) Written documentation of the request from the equipment
manufacturer.
(2) The number of duplicate labels you send for each engine family
and the date you sent them.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 72 FR 53130, Sept. 18, 2007;
73 FR 59191, Oct 8, 2008; 75 FR 22989, Apr. 30, 2010]

Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 34147, June 8, 2012, Sec. 1039.135
was amended by adding paragraph (c)(15), effective August 7, 2012. For
the convenience of the user, the added text is set forth as follows:

Sec. 1039.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

* * * * *

(c) * * *
(15) For engines with one or more approved auxiliary emission
control devices for emergency equipment applications under Sec.
1039.115(g)(4), the statement: ``THIS ENGINE IS FOR INSTALLATION IN
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT ONLY.''STARS

Sec. 1039.140 What is my engine's maximum engine power?

(a) An engine configuration's maximum engine power is the maximum
brake power point on the nominal power curve for the engine
configuration, as defined in this section. Round the power value to the
nearest whole kilowatt.
(b) The nominal power curve of an engine configuration is the
relationship between maximum available engine brake power and engine
speed for an engine, using the mapping procedures of 40 CFR part 1065,
based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the
engine. This information may also be expressed by a torque curve that
relates maximum available engine torque with engine speed.
(c) The nominal power curve must be within the range of the actual
power curves of production engines considering normal production
variability. If

[[Page 212]]

after production begins it is determined that your nominal power curve
does not represent production engines, we may require you to amend your
application for certification under Sec. 1039.225.
(d) Throughout this part, references to a specific power value or a
range of power values for an engine are based on maximum engine power.
For example, the group of engines with maximum engine power above 560 kW
may be referred to as engines above 560 kW.

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

Sec. 1039.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate

of conformity?

(a) You must send us a separate application for a certificate of
conformity for each engine family. A certificate of conformity is valid
from the indicated effective date until December 31 of the model year
for which it is issued.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part and must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see Sec. 1039.255).
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this subpart, as long as you maintain all the information required by
Sec. 1039.250.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.
(f) See Sec. 1039.255 for provisions describing how we will process
your application.
(g) We may require you to deliver your test engines to a facility we
designate for our testing (see Sec. 1039.235(c)).
(h) For engines that become new after being placed into service,
such as engines converted to nonroad use after being used in motor
vehicles, we may specify alternate certification provisions consistent
with the intent of this part. See the definition of ``new nonroad
engine'' in Sec. 1039.801.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 75 FR 22990, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.205 What must I include in my application?

This section specifies the information that must be in your
application, unless we ask you to include less information under Sec.
1039.201(c). We may require you to provide additional information to
evaluate your application.
(a) Describe the engine family's specifications and other basic
parameters of the engine's design and emission controls. List the fuel
type on which your engines are designed to operate (for example, ultra
low-sulfur diesel fuel). List each distinguishable engine configuration
in the engine family. For each engine configuration, list the maximum
engine power and the range of values for maximum engine power resulting
from production tolerances, as described in Sec. 1039.140.
(b) Explain how the emission-control system operates. Describe in
detail all system components for controlling exhaust emissions,
including all auxiliary-emission control devices (AECDs) and all fuel-
system components you will install on any production or test engine.
Identify the part number of each component you describe. For this
paragraph (b), treat as separate AECDs any devices that modulate or
activate differently from each other. Include all the following:
(1) Give a general overview of the engine, the emission-control
strategies, and all AECDs.
(2) Describe each AECD's general purpose and function.
(3) Identify the parameters that each AECD senses (including
measuring, estimating, calculating, or empirically deriving the values).
Include equipment-based parameters and state whether you simulate them
during testing with the applicable procedures.
(4) Describe the purpose for sensing each parameter.
(5) Identify the location of each sensor the AECD uses.
(6) Identify the threshold values for the sensed parameters that
activate the AECD.
(7) Describe the parameters that the AECD modulates (controls) in
response to any sensed parameters, including the range of modulation for
each parameter, the relationship between the sensed parameters and the
controlled

[[Page 213]]

parameters and how the modulation achieves the AECD's stated purpose.
Use graphs and tables, as necessary.
(8) Describe each AECD's specific calibration details. This may be
in the form of data tables, graphical representations, or some other
description.
(9) Describe the hierarchy among the AECDs when multiple AECDs sense
or modulate the same parameter. Describe whether the strategies interact
in a comparative or additive manner and identify which AECD takes
precedence in responding, if applicable.
(10) Explain the extent to which the AECD is included in the
applicable test procedures specified in subpart F of this part.
(11) Do the following additional things for AECDs designed to
protect engines or equipment:
(i) Identify the engine and/or equipment design limits that make
protection necessary and describe any damage that would occur without
the AECD.
(ii) Describe how each sensed parameter relates to the protected
components' design limits or those operating conditions that cause the
need for protection.
(iii) Describe the relationship between the design limits/parameters
being protected and the parameters sensed or calculated as surrogates
for those design limits/parameters, if applicable.
(iv) Describe how the modulation by the AECD prevents engines and/or
equipment from exceeding design limits.
(v) Explain why it is necessary to estimate any parameters instead
of measuring them directly and describe how the AECD calculates the
estimated value, if applicable.
(vi) Describe how you calibrate the AECD modulation to activate only
during conditions related to the stated need to protect components and
only as needed to sufficiently protect those components in a way that
minimizes the emission impact.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Describe the engines you selected for testing and the reasons
for selecting them.
(e) Describe the test equipment and procedures that you used,
including any special or alternate test procedures you used (see Sec.
1039.501).
(f) Describe how you operated the emission-data engine before
testing, including the duty cycle and the number of engine operating
hours used to stabilize emission levels. Explain why you selected the
method of service accumulation. Describe any scheduled maintenance you
did.
(g) List the specifications of the test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges we specify in 40 CFR part 1065.
(h) Identify the engine family's useful life.
(i) Include the maintenance instructions you will give to the
ultimate purchaser of each new nonroad engine (see Sec. 1039.125).
(j) Include the emission-related installation instructions you will
provide if someone else installs your engines in a piece of nonroad
equipment (see Sec. 1039.130).
(k) Describe your emission control information label (see Sec.
1039.135).
(l) Identify the emission standards or FELs to which you are
certifying engines in the engine family. Identify the ambient operating
regions that will apply for NTE testing under Sec. 1039.101(e)(4).
(m) Identify the engine family's deterioration factors and describe
how you developed them (see Sec. 1039.245). Present any emission test
data you used for this.
(n) State that you operated your emission-data engines as described
in the application (including the test procedures, test parameters, and
test fuels) to show you meet the requirements of this part.
(o) Present emission data for hydrocarbons (such as NMHC or THCE, as
applicable), NOX, PM, and CO on an emission-data engine to
show your engines meet the applicable duty-cycle emission standards we
specify in Sec. 1039.101. Show emission figures before and after
applying adjustment factors for regeneration and deterioration factors
for each engine. Include emission results for each mode if you do
discrete-mode testing under Sec. 1039.505. Present emission data to
show that you meet any applicable smoke standards we specify in Sec.
1039.105. If we specify

[[Page 214]]

more than one grade of any fuel type (for example, high-sulfur and low-
sulfur diesel fuel), you need to submit test data only for one grade,
unless the regulations of this part specify otherwise for your engine.
Note that Sec. 1039.235 allows you to submit an application in certain
cases without new emission data.
(p) State that all the engines in the engine family comply with the
not-to-exceed emission standards we specify in subpart B of this part
for all normal operation and use when tested as specified in Sec.
1039.515. Describe any relevant testing, engineering analysis, or other
information in sufficient detail to support your statement.
(q) For engines above 560 kW, include information showing how your
emission controls will function during normal in-use transient
operation. For example, this might include the following:
(1) Emission data from transient testing of engines using
measurement systems designed for measuring in-use emissions.
(2) Comparison of the engine design for controlling transient
emissions with that from engines for which you have emission data over
the transient duty cycle for certification.
(3) Detailed descriptions of control algorithms and other design
parameters for controlling transient emissions.
(r) Report test results as follows:
(1) Report all test results involving measurement of pollutants for
which emission standards apply. Include test results from invalid tests
or from any other tests, whether or not they were conducted according to
the test procedures of subpart F of this part. We may ask you to send
other information to confirm that your tests were valid under the
requirements of this part and 40 CFR part 1065.
(2) Report measured CO2, N2O, and
CH4 as described in Sec. 1039.235. Small-volume engine
manufacturers may omit reporting N2O and CH4.
(s) Describe all adjustable operating parameters (see Sec.
1039.115(e)), including production tolerances. Include the following in
your description of each parameter:
(1) The nominal or recommended setting.
(2) The intended physically adjustable range.
(3) The limits or stops used to establish adjustable ranges.
(4) Information showing why the limits, stops, or other means of
inhibiting adjustment are effective in preventing adjustment of
parameters on in-use engines to settings outside your intended
physically adjustable ranges.
(t) Provide the information to read, record, and interpret all the
information broadcast by an engine's onboard computers and electronic
control units. State that, upon request, you will give us any hardware,
software, or tools we would need to do this. If you broadcast a
surrogate parameter for torque values, you must provide us what we need
to convert these into torque units. You may reference any appropriate
publicly released standards that define conventions for these messages
and parameters. Format your information consistent with publicly
released standards.
(u) Confirm that your emission-related installation instructions
specify how to ensure that sampling of exhaust emissions will be
possible after engines are installed in equipment and placed in service.
If this cannot be done by simply adding a 20-centimeter extension to the
exhaust pipe, show how to sample exhaust emissions in a way that
prevents diluting the exhaust sample with ambient air.
(v) State whether your certification is intended to include engines
used in stationary applications. State whether your certification is
limited for certain engines. If this is the case, describe how you will
prevent use of these engines in applications for which they are not
certified. This applies for engines such as the following:
(1) Constant-speed engines.
(2) Engines used for transportation refrigeration units that you
certify under the provisions of Sec. 1039.645.
(3) Hand-startable engines certified under the provisions of Sec.
1039.101(c).
(4) Engines above 560 KW that are not certified to emission
standards for generator-set engines.

[[Page 215]]

(w) Unconditionally certify that all the engines in the engine
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.
(x) Include good-faith estimates of U.S.-directed production
volumes. Include a justification for the estimated production volumes if
they are substantially different than actual production volumes in
earlier years for similar models.
(y) Include the information required by other subparts of this part.
For example, include the information required by Sec. 1039.725 if you
participate in the ABT program.
(z) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or 40 CFR part 1068 related to requests for
exemptions.
(aa) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 71 FR 39185, July 11, 2006;
72 FR 53131, Sept. 18, 2007; 74 FR 56508, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1039.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my

application?

If you send us information before you finish the application, we
will review it and make any appropriate determinations, especially for
questions related to engine family definitions, auxiliary emission-
control devices, deterioration factors, testing for service
accumulation, maintenance, and NTE deficiencies and carve-outs.
Decisions made under this section are considered to be preliminary
approval, subject to final review and approval. We will generally not
reverse a decision where we have given you preliminary approval, unless
we find new information supporting a different decision. If you request
preliminary approval related to the upcoming model year or the model
year after that, we will make best-efforts to make the appropriate
determinations as soon as practicable. We will generally not provide
preliminary approval related to a future model year more than two years
ahead of time.

[72 FR 53131, Sept. 18, 2007]

Sec. 1039.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?

You may amend your emission-related maintenance instructions after
you submit your application for certification as long as the amended
instructions remain consistent with the provisions of Sec. 1039.125.
You must send the Designated Compliance Officer a written request to
amend your application for certification for an engine family if you
want to change the emission-related maintenance instructions in a way
that could affect emissions. In your request, describe the proposed
changes to the maintenance instructions. If operators follow the
original maintenance instructions rather than the newly specified
maintenance, this does not allow you to disqualify those engines from
in-use testing or deny a warranty claim.
(a) If you are decreasing or eliminating any specified maintenance,
you may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your customers 30
days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove your request.
This would generally include replacing one maintenance step with
another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.
(b) If your requested change would not decrease the specified
maintenance, you may distribute the new maintenance instructions anytime
after you send your request. For example, this paragraph (b) would cover
adding instructions to increase the frequency of filter changes for
engines in severe-duty applications.
(c) You need not request approval if you are making only minor
corrections (such as correcting typographical mistakes), clarifying your
maintenance instructions, or changing instructions for maintenance
unrelated to emission control. We may ask you to send us copies of
maintenance instructions revised under this paragraph (c).

[75 FR 22990, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 216]]

Sec. 1039.225 How do I amend my application for certification?

Before we issue you a certificate of conformity, you may amend your
application to include new or modified engine configurations, subject to
the provisions of this section. After we have issued your certificate of
conformity, you may send us an amended application requesting that we
include new or modified engine configurations within the scope of the
certificate, subject to the provisions of this section. You must amend
your application if any changes occur with respect to any information
that is included or should be included in your application.
(a) You must amend your application before you take any of the
following actions:
(1) Add an engine configuration to an engine family. In this case,
the engine configuration added must be consistent with other engine
configurations in the engine family with respect to the criteria listed
in Sec. 1039.230.
(2) Change an engine configuration already included in an engine
family in a way that may affect emissions, or change any of the
components you described in your application for certification. This
includes production and design changes that may affect emissions any
time during the engine's lifetime.
(3) Modify an FEL for an engine family as described in paragraph (f)
of this section.
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the relevant
information to the Designated Compliance Officer.
(1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the engine model or
configuration you intend to make.
(2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended
engine family complies with all applicable requirements. You may do this
by showing that the original emission-data engine is still appropriate
for showing that the amended family complies with all applicable
requirements.
(3) If the original emission-data engine for the engine family is
not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified engine
configuration, include new test data showing that the new or modified
engine configuration meets the requirements of this part.
(c) We may ask for more test data or engineering evaluations. You
must give us these within 30 days after we request them.
(d) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, we will determine whether the existing certificate of
conformity covers your newly added or modified engine. You may ask for a
hearing if we deny your request (see Sec. 1039.820).
(e) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified engine
configuration anytime after you send us your amended application and
before we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However,
if we determine that the affected engines do not meet applicable
requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the engines and
may require you to recall the engines at no expense to the owner.
Choosing to produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be
consent to recall all engines that we determine do not meet applicable
emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the nonconformity
at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide information required
under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days after we request it,
you must stop producing the new or modified engines.
(f) You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in certain cases
after the start of production. The changed FEL may not apply to engines
you have already introduced into U.S. commerce, except as described in
this paragraph (f). If we approve a changed FEL after the start of
production, you must include the new FEL on the emission control
information label for all engines produced after the change. You may ask
us to approve a change to your FEL in the following cases:
(1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your engine family at any
time. In your request, you must show that you will still be able to meet
the emission standards as specified in subparts B and H of this part. If
you amend your application by submitting new test data to include a
newly added or modified engine, as described in paragraph

[[Page 217]]

(b)(3) of this section, use the appropriate FELs with corresponding
production volumes to calculate emission credits for the model year, as
described in subpart H of this part. In all other circumstances, you
must use the higher FEL for the entire engine family to calculate
emission credits under subpart H of this part.
(2) You may ask to lower the FEL for your engine family only if you
have test data from production engines showing that emissions are below
the proposed lower FEL. The lower FEL applies only to engines you
produce after we approve the new FEL. Use the appropriate FELs with
corresponding production volumes to calculate emission credits for the
model year, as described in subpart H of this part.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40463, July 13, 2005;
72 FR 53131, Sept. 18, 2007; 75 FR 22990, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.230 How do I select engine families?

(a) For purposes of certification, divide your product line into
families of engines that are expected to have similar emission
characteristics throughout the useful life as described in this section.
Your engine family is limited to a single model year.
(b) Group engines in the same engine family if they are the same in
all the following aspects:
(1) The combustion cycle and fuel.
(2) The cooling system (water-cooled vs. air-cooled).
(3) Method of air aspiration.
(4) Method of exhaust aftertreatment (for example, catalytic
converter or particulate trap).
(5) Combustion chamber design.
(6) Bore and stroke.
(7) Cylinder arrangement (such as in-line vs. vee configurations).
This applies for engines with aftertreatment devices only.
(8) Method of control for engine operation other than governing
(i.e., mechanical or electronic).
(9) Power category.
(10) Numerical level of the emission standards that apply to the
engine.
(c) You may subdivide a group of engines that is identical under
paragraph (b) of this section into different engine families if you show
the expected emission characteristics are different during the useful
life.
(d) In unusual circumstances, you may group engines that are not
identical with respect to the things listed in paragraph (b) of this
section in the same engine family if you show that their emission
characteristics during the useful life will be similar.
(e) If you combine engines from different power categories into a
single engine family under paragraph (d) of this section, you must
certify the engine family to the more stringent set of standards from
the two power categories in that model year.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 72 FR 53131, Sept. 18, 2007;
75 FR 22990, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.235 What testing requirements apply for certification?

This section describes the emission testing you must perform to show
compliance with the emission standards in Sec. 1039.101(a) and (b) or
Sec. 1039.102(a) and (b). See Sec. 1039.205(p) regarding emission
testing related to the NTE standards. See Sec. 1039.240, Sec.
1039.245, and 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E, regarding service
accumulation before emission testing.
(a) Test your emission-data engines using the procedures and
equipment specified in subpart F of this part.
(b) Select an emission-data engine from each engine family for
testing. Select the engine configuration with the highest volume of fuel
injected per cylinder per combustion cycle at the point of maximum
torque--unless good engineering judgment indicates that a different
engine configuration is more likely to exceed (or have emissions nearer
to) an applicable emission standard or FEL. If two or more engines have
the same fueling rate at maximum torque, select the one with the highest
fueling rate at rated speed. In making this selection, consider all
factors expected to affect emission-control performance and compliance
with the standards, including emission levels of all exhaust
constituents, especially NOX and PM.
(c) We may measure emissions from any of your emission-data engines
or other engines from the engine family, as follows:

[[Page 218]]

(1) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. If we do this, you must deliver the engine to a test facility
we designate. The engine you provide must include appropriate manifolds,
aftertreatment devices, electronic control units, and other emission-
related components not normally attached directly to the engine block.
If we do the testing at your plant, you must schedule it as soon as
possible and make available the instruments, personnel, and equipment we
need.
(2) If we measure emissions on one of your engines, the results of
that testing become the official emission results for the engine. Unless
we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to consider your data
in determining if your engine family meets applicable requirements.
(3) Before we test one of your engines, we may set its adjustable
parameters to any point within the physically adjustable ranges (see
Sec. 1039.115(e)).
(4) Before we test one of your engines, we may calibrate it within
normal production tolerances for anything we do not consider an
adjustable parameter. For example, this would apply for an engine
parameter that is subject to production variability because it is
adjustable during production, but is not considered an adjustable
parameter (as defined in Sec. 1039.801) because it is permanently
sealed.
(d) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous model
year instead of doing new tests, but only if all the following are true:
(1) The engine family from the previous model year differs from the
current engine family only with respect to model year or other
characteristics unrelated to emissions.
(2) The emission-data engine from the previous model year remains
the appropriate emission-data engine under paragraph (b) of this
section.
(3) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the
requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the application
for certification.
(e) We may require you to test a second engine of the same or
different configuration in addition to the engine tested under paragraph
(b) of this section.
(f) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in subpart F of this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.
(g) Measure CO2 and CH4 with each low-hour
certification test using the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065 in
the 2011 and 2012 model years, respectively. Also measure N2O
with each low-hour certification test using the procedures specified in
40 CFR part 1065 starting in the 2013 model year for any engine family
that depends on NOx aftertreatment to meet emission standards. Small-
volume engine manufacturers may omit measurement of N2O and
CH4. These measurements are not required for NTE testing. Use
the same units and modal calculations as for your other results to
report a single weighted value for each constituent. Round the final
values as follows:
(1) Round CO2 to the nearest 1 g/kW-hr.
(2) Round N2O to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr.
(3) Round CH4 to the nearest 0.001g/kW-hr.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 72 FR 53131, Sept. 18, 2007;
74 FR 56509, Oct. 30, 2009; 75 FR 22991, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with

exhaust emission standards?

(a) For purposes of certification, your engine family is considered
in compliance with the emission standards in Sec. 1039.101(a) and (b),
Sec. 1039.102(a) and (b), Sec. 1039.104, and Sec. 1039.105 if all
emission-data engines representing that family have test results showing
official emission results and deteriorated emission levels at or below
these standards. This also applies for all test points for emission-data
engines within the family used to establish deterioration factors. Note
that your FELs are considered to be the applicable emission standards
with which you must comply if you participate in the ABT program in
subpart H of this part.

[[Page 219]]

(b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data
engine representing that family has test results showing an official
emission result or a deteriorated emission level for any pollutant that
is above an applicable emission standard. Similarly, your engine family
is deemed not to comply if any emission-data engine representing that
family has test results showing any emission level above the applicable
not-to-exceed emission standard for any pollutant. This also applies for
all test points for emission-data engines within the family used to
establish deterioration factors.
(c) To compare emission levels from the emission-data engine with
the applicable emission standards, apply deterioration factors to the
measured emission levels for each pollutant. Section 1039.245 specifies
how to test your engine to develop deterioration factors that represent
the deterioration expected in emissions over your engines' full useful
life. Your deterioration factors must take into account any available
data from in-use testing with similar engines. Small-volume engine
manufacturers may use assigned deterioration factors that we establish.
Apply deterioration factors as follows:
(1) Additive deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. Except as
specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, use an additive
deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. An additive deterioration
factor is the difference between exhaust emissions at the end of the
useful life and exhaust emissions at the low-hour test point. In these
cases, adjust the official emission results for each tested engine at
the selected test point by adding the factor to the measured emissions.
If the factor is less than zero, use zero. Additive deterioration
factors must be specified to one more decimal place than the applicable
standard.
(2) Multiplicative deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. Use a
multiplicative deterioration factor if good engineering judgment calls
for the deterioration factor for a pollutant to be the ratio of exhaust
emissions at the end of the useful life to exhaust emissions at the low-
hour test point. For example, if you use aftertreatment technology that
controls emissions of a pollutant proportionally to engine-out
emissions, it is often appropriate to use a multiplicative deterioration
factor. Adjust the official emission results for each tested engine at
the selected test point by multiplying the measured emissions by the
deterioration factor. If the factor is less than one, use one. A
multiplicative deterioration factor may not be appropriate in cases
where testing variability is significantly greater than engine-to-engine
variability. Multiplicative deterioration factors must be specified to
one more significant figure than the applicable standard.
(3) Deterioration factor for smoke. Deterioration factors for smoke
are always additive, as described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(4) Deterioration factor for crankcase emissions. If your engine
vents crankcase emissions to the exhaust or to the atmosphere, you must
account for crankcase emission deterioration, using good engineering
judgment. You may use separate deterioration factors for crankcase
emissions of each pollutant (either multiplicative or additive) or
include the effects in combined deterioration factors that include
exhaust and crankcase emissions together for each pollutant.
(d) Collect emission data using measurements to one more decimal
place than the applicable standard. Apply the deterioration factor to
the official emission result, as described in paragraph (c) of this
section, then round the adjusted figure to the same number of decimal
places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded emission levels to
the emission standard for each emission-data engine. In the case of
NOX+NMHC standards, apply the deterioration factor to each
pollutant and then add the results before rounding.
(e) For engines subject to NMHC standards, you may base compliance
on total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions. Indicate in your application for
certification if you are using this option. If you do, measure THC
emissions and calculate NMHC emissions as 98 percent of THC emissions,
as shown in the following equation:

[[Page 220]]

NMHC = (0.98) x (THC).

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40463, July 13, 2005;
75 FR 22991, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.245 How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust

durability testing?

This section describes how to determine deterioration factors,
either with an engineering analysis, with pre-existing test data, or
with new emission measurements. Apply these deterioration factors to
determine whether your engines will meet the duty-cycle emission
standards throughout the useful life as described in Sec. 1039.240.
(a) You may ask us to approve deterioration factors for an engine
family with established technology based on engineering analysis instead
of testing. Engines certified to a NOX+NMHC standard or FEL
greater than the Tier 3 NOX+NMHC standard described in 40 CFR
89.112 are considered to rely on established technology for gaseous
emission control, except that this does not include any engines that use
exhaust-gas recirculation or aftertreatment. In most cases, technologies
used to meet the Tier 1 and Tier 2 emission standards would be
considered to be established technology.
(b) You may ask us to approve deterioration factors for an engine
family based on emission measurements from similar highway or nonroad
engines if you have already given us these data for certifying the other
engines in the same or earlier model years. Use good engineering
judgment to decide whether the two engines are similar. We will approve
your request if you show us that the emission measurements from other
engines reasonably represent in-use deterioration for the engine family
for which you have not yet determined deterioration factors.
(c) If you are unable to determine deterioration factors for an
engine family under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, select
engines, subsystems, or components for testing. Determine deterioration
factors based on service accumulation and related testing to represent
the deterioration expected from in-use engines over the full useful
life. You must measure emissions from the emission-data engine at least
three times with evenly spaced intervals of service accumulation. You
may use extrapolation to determine deterioration factors once you have
established a trend of changing emissions with age for each pollutant.
You may use an engine installed in nonroad equipment to accumulate
service hours instead of running the engine only in the laboratory. You
may perform maintenance on emission-data engines as described in Sec.
1039.125 and 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E. Use good engineering judgment
for all aspects of the effort to establish deterioration factors under
this paragraph (c).
(d) Include the following information in your application for
certification:
(1) If you use test data from a different engine family, explain why
this is appropriate and include all the emission measurements on which
you base the deterioration factor.
(2) If you determine your deterioration factors based on engineering
analysis, explain why this is appropriate and include a statement that
all data, analyses, evaluations, and other information you used are
available for our review upon request.
(3) If you do testing to determine deterioration factors, describe
the form and extent of service accumulation, including a rationale for
selecting the service-accumulation period and the method you use to
accumulate hours.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 72 FR 53131, Sept. 18, 2007;
75 FR 22991, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.250 What records must I keep and what reports must I send to EPA?

(a) Within 45 days after the end of the model year, send the
Designated Compliance Officer a report describing the following
information about engines you produced during the model year:
(1) Report the total number of engines you produced in each engine
family by maximum engine power, total displacement, and the type of fuel
system.
(2) If you produced exempted engines under the provisions of Sec.
1039.625, report the number of exempted engines you produced for each
engine model and identify the buyer or shipping destination for each
exempted engine.

[[Page 221]]

(b) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1039.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of each emission-data engine. For each
engine, describe all of the following:
(i) The emission-data engine's construction, including its origin
and buildup, steps you took to ensure that it represents production
engines, any components you built specially for it, and all the
components you include in your application for certification.
(ii) How you accumulated engine operating hours (service
accumulation), including the dates and the number of hours accumulated.
(iii) All maintenance, including modifications, parts changes, and
other service, and the dates and reasons for the maintenance.
(iv) All your emission tests, including documentation on routine and
standard tests, as specified in part 40 CFR part 1065, and the date and
purpose of each test.
(v) All tests to diagnose engine or emission-control performance,
giving the date and time of each and the reasons for the test.
(vi) Any other significant events.
(4) Production figures for each engine family divided by assembly
plant.
(5) Keep a list of engine identification numbers for all the engines
you produce under each certificate of conformity.
(c) Keep data from routine emission tests (such as test cell
temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one year after we issue
the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all other information
specified in this section for eight years after we issue your
certificate.
(d) Store these records in any format and on any media, as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review
them at any time.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 75 FR 22991, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of

conformity?

(a) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Act, we
will issue a certificate of conformity for your engine family for that
model year. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
(b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke
your certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (e) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent).
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities despite our
presenting a warrant or court order (see 40 CFR 1068.20). This includes
a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
(5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized
activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all engines being produced.
(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the Act
or this part.
(d) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information as required under this part or the
Act.
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1039.820).

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 72 FR 53132, Sept. 18, 2007;
75 FR 22991, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 222]]

Subpart D [Reserved]

Subpart E_In-Use Testing

Sec. 1039.401 General provisions.

We may perform in-use testing of any engine subject to the standards
of this part. However, we will limit recall testing to the first 75
percent of each engine's useful life as specified in Sec. 1039.101(g).

Subpart F_Test Procedures

Sec. 1039.501 How do I run a valid emission test?

(a) Use the equipment and procedures for compression-ignition
engines in 40 CFR part 1065 to determine whether engines meet the duty-
cycle emission standards in subpart B of this part. Measure the
emissions of all the exhaust constituents subject to emissions standards
as specified in 40 CFR part 1065. Measure CO2,
N2O, and CH4 as described in Sec. 1039.235. Use
the applicable duty cycles specified in Sec. Sec. 1039.505 and
1039.510.
(b) Section 1039.515 describes the supplemental procedures for
evaluating whether engines meet the not-to-exceed emission standards in
subpart B of this part.
(c) Measure smoke using the procedures in 40 CFR part 86, subpart I,
for evaluating whether engines meet the smoke standards in Sec.
1039.105, except that you may test two-cylinder engines with an exhaust
muffler like those installed on in-use engines.
(d) Use the fuels specified in Sec. 1039.104(e) and 40 CFR part
1065 to perform valid tests.
(1) For service accumulation, use the test fuel or any commercially
available fuel that is representative of the fuel that in-use engines
will use.
(2) For diesel-fueled engines, use the appropriate diesel fuel
specified in 40 CFR part 1065 for emission testing. Unless we specify
otherwise, the appropriate diesel test fuel is the ultra low-sulfur
diesel fuel. If we allow you to use a test fuel with higher sulfur
levels, identify the test fuel in your application for certification and
ensure that the emission control information label is consistent with
your selection of the test fuel (see Sec. 1039.135(c)(9)). For example,
do not test with ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel if you intend to label
your engines to allow use of diesel fuel with sulfur concentrations up
to 500 ppm.
(e) You may use special or alternate procedures to the extent we
allow them under 40 CFR 1065.10.
(f) This subpart is addressed to you as a manufacturer, but it
applies equally to anyone who does testing for you, and to us when we
perform testing to determine if your engines meet emission standards.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40463, July 13, 2005;
72 FR 53132, Sept. 18, 2007; 74 FR 56509, Oct. 30, 2009]

Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 34147, June 8, 2012, Sec. 1039.501
was amended by adding paragraph (g), effective August 7, 2012. For the
convenience of the user, the added text is set forth as follows:

Sec. 1039.501 How do I run a valid emission test?

* * * * *

(g) You may disable any AECDs that have been approved solely for
emergency equipment applications under Sec. 1039.115(g)(4).

Sec. 1039.505 How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including

ramped-modal testing?

[[Page 223]]

as specified in 40 CFR 1065.514 to confirm that the test is valid.
Operate the engine and sampling system as follows:
(i) Engines with NOX aftertreatment. For engines that depend on
aftertreatment to meet the NOX emission standard, operate the
engine for 5-6 minutes, then sample emissions for 1-3 minutes in each
mode. You may extend the sampling time to improve measurement accuracy
of PM emissions, using good engineering judgment. If you have a longer
sampling time for PM emissions, calculate and validate cycle statistics
separately for the gaseous and PM sampling periods.
(ii) Engines without NOX aftertreatment. For other
engines, operate the engine for at least 5 minutes, then sample
emissions for at least 1 minute in each mode.
(2) For ramped-modal testing, start sampling at the beginning of the
first mode and continue sampling until the end of the last mode.
Calculate emissions and cycle statistics the same as for transient
testing.
(b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
one of the following duty cycles to determine whether it meets the
steady-state emission standards in Sec. 1039.101(b):
(1) Use the 5-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in appendix II of this part for constant-speed engines.
Note that these cycles do not apply to all engines used in constant-
speed applications, as described in Sec. 1039.801.
(2) Use the 6-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in appendix III of this part for variable-speed engines
below 19 kW. You may instead use the 8-mode duty cycle or the
corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in appendix IV of this part
if some engines from your engine family will be used in applications
that do not involve governing to maintain engine operation around rated
speed.
(3) Use the 8-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in appendix IV of this part for variable-speed engines
at or above 19 kW.
(c) During idle mode, operate the engine at its warm idle speed as
described in 40 CFR part 1065.
(d) For constant-speed engines whose design prevents full-load
operation for extended periods, you may ask for approval under 40 CFR
1065.10(c) to replace full-load operation with the maximum load for
which the engine is designed to operate for extended periods.
(e) See 40 CFR part 1065 for detailed specifications of tolerances
and calculations.
(f) For those cases where transient testing is not necessary,
perform the steady-state test according to this section after an
appropriate warm-up period, consistent with 40 CFR part 1065, subpart F.
(g) To allow non-motoring dynamometers on cycles with idle, you may
omit additional points from the duty-cycle regression as follows:
(1) For variable-speed engines with low-speed governors, you may
omit speed, torque, and power points from the duty-cycle regression
statistics if the following are met:
(i) The engine operator demand is at its minimum.
(ii) The dynamometer demand is at its minimum.
(iii) It is an idle point fnref = 0 % (idle) and
Tref = 0 % (idle).
(iv) Tref < T <= 5 % [middot] Tmax mapped.
(2) For variable-speed engines without low-speed governors, you may
omit torque and power points from the duty-cycle regression statistics
if the following are met:
(i) The dynamometer demand is at its minimum.
(ii) It is an idle point fnref = 0 % (idle) and
Tref = 0 % (idle).
(iii) fnref - (2 % [middot] fntest) <
fn < fnref + (2 % [middot] fntest).
(iv) Tref < T <= 5 % [middot] Tmax mapped.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 37241, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1039.510 Which duty cycles do I use for transient testing?

(a) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
one of the following transient duty cycles to determine whether it meets
the transient emission standards in Sec. 1039.101(a):
(1) For variable-speed engines, use the transient duty cycle
described in appendix VI of this part.
(2) [Reserved]

[[Page 224]]

(b) The transient test sequence consists of an initial run through
the transient duty cycle from a cold start, 20 minutes with no engine
operation, then a final run through the same transient duty cycle.
Calculate the official transient emission result from the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.002

(c) Calculate cycle statistics and compare with the established
criteria as specified in 40 CFR 1065.514 to confirm that the test is
valid.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40463, July 13, 2005;
75 FR 22991, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57437, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1039.515 What are the test procedures related to not-to-exceed

standards?

(a) General provisions. The provisions in 40 CFR 86.1370-2007 apply
for determining whether an engine meets the not-to-exceed emission
standards in Sec. 1039.101(e). Interpret references to vehicles and
vehicle operation to mean equipment and equipment operation.
(b) Special PM zone. For engines certified to a PM standard or FEL
above 0.07 g/kW-hr, a modified NTE control area applies for PM emissions
only. The speeds and loads to be excluded are determined based on speeds
B and C, determined according to the provisions of 40 CFR 86.1360-
2007(c). One of the following provisions applies:
(1) If the C speed is below 2400 rpm, exclude the speed and load
points to the right of or below the line formed by connecting the
following two points on a plot of speed-vs.-power:
(i) 30% of maximum power at the B speed; however, use the power
value corresponding to the engine operation at 30% of maximum torque at
the B speed if this is greater than 30% of maximum power at the B speed.
(ii) 70% of maximum power at 100% speed.
(2) If the C speed is at or above 2400 rpm, exclude the speed and
load points to the right of the line formed by connecting the two points
in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section (the 30% and 50%
torque/power points) and below the line formed by connecting the two
points in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and (iii) of this section (the 50% and
70% torque/power points). The 30%, 50%, and 70% torque/power points are
defined as follows:
(i) 30% of maximum power at the B speed; however, use the power
value corresponding to the engine operation at 30% of maximum torque at
the B speed if this is greater than 30% of maximum power at the B speed.
(ii) 50% of maximum power at 2400 rpm.
(iii) 70% of maximum power at 100% speed.

Sec. 1039.520 What testing must I perform to establish deterioration factors?

Sections 1039.240 and 1039.245 describe the method for testing that
must be performed to establish deterioration factors for an engine
family.

Sec. 1039.525 How do I adjust emission levels to account for infrequently

regenerating aftertreatment devices?

This section describes how to adjust emission results from engines
using aftertreatment technology with infrequent regeneration events. For
this section, ``regeneration'' means an intended event during which
emission levels change while the system restores aftertreatment
performance. For example, exhaust gas temperatures may increase
temporarily to remove sulfur from adsorbers or to oxidize accumulated
particulate matter in a trap. For this section, ``infrequent'' refers to
regeneration events that are expected to occur on average less than once
over the applicable transient duty cycle or ramped-modal cycle, or on
average less than once per typical mode in a discrete-mode test.
(a) Developing adjustment factors. Develop an upward adjustment
factor and a downward adjustment factor for each

[[Page 225]]

pollutant based on measured emission data and observed regeneration
frequency. Adjustment factors should generally apply to an entire engine
family, but you may develop separate adjustment factors for different
engine configurations within an engine family. If you use adjustment
factors for certification, you must identify the frequency factor, F,
from paragraph (b) of this section in your application for certification
and use the adjustment factors in all testing for that engine family.
You may use carryover or carry-across data to establish adjustment
factors for an engine family, as described in Sec. 1039.235(d),
consistent with good engineering judgment. All adjustment factors for
regeneration are additive. Determine adjustment factors separately for
different test segments. For example, determine separate adjustment
factors for hot-start and cold-start test segments and for different
modes of a discrete-mode steady-state test. You may use either of the
following different approaches for engines that use aftertreatment with
infrequent regeneration events:
(1) You may disregard this section if regeneration does not
significantly affect emission levels for an engine family (or
configuration) or if it is not practical to identify when regeneration
occurs. If you do not use adjustment factors under this section, your
engines must meet emission standards for all testing, without regard to
regeneration.
(2) If your engines use aftertreatment technology with extremely
infrequent regeneration and you are unable to apply the provisions of
this section, you may ask us to approve an alternate methodology to
account for regeneration events.
(b) Calculating average adjustment factors. Calculate the average
adjustment factor (EFA) based on the following equation:

EFA = (F)(EFH) + (1-F)(EFL)

Where:

F = the frequency of the regeneration event in terms of the fraction of
tests during which the regeneration occurs.
EFH = measured emissions from a test segment in which the
regeneration occurs.
EFL = measured emissions from a test segment in which the
regeneration does not occur.

UAF = EFA - EFL

DAF = EFH - EFA

(d) Sample calculation. If EFL is 0.10 g/kW-hr,
EFH is 0.50 g/kW-hr, and F is 0.1 (the regeneration occurs
once for each ten tests), then:

EFA = (0.1)(0.5 g/kW-hr) + (1.0 - 0.1)(0.1 g/kW-hr) = 0.14 g/
kW-hr.
UAF = 0.14 g/kW-hr - 0.10 g/kW-hr = 0.04 g/kW-hr.
DAF = 0.50 g/kW-hr - 0.14 g/kW-hr = 0.36 g/kW-hr.

Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 34147, June 8, 2012, Sec. 1039.525
was amended by revising the introductory text, effective August 7, 0212.
For the convenience of the user, the revised text is set forth as
follows:

Sec. 1039.525 How do I adjust emission levels to account for infrequently

regenerating aftertreatment devices?

This section describes how to adjust emission results from engines
using aftertreatment technology with infrequent regeneration events. For
this section, ``regeneration'' means an intended event during which
emission levels change while the system restores aftertreatment
performance. For example, exhaust gas temperatures may increase
temporarily to remove sulfur from adsorbers or to oxidize accumulated
particulate matter in a trap. For this section, ``infrequent'' refers to
regeneration events that are expected to occur on average less than once
over the applicable transient duty cycle or ramped-modal cycle, or on
average less than once per typical mode in a discrete-mode test. If your
engine family includes engines with one or more AECDs for emergency

[[Page 226]]

equipment applications approved under Sec. 1039.115(g)(4), do not
consider additional regenerations resulting from those AECDs when
calculating emission factors or frequencies under this section.

* * * * *

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1039.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines?

Engine and equipment manufacturers, as well as owners, operators,
and rebuilders of engines subject to the requirements of this part, and
all other persons, must observe the provisions of this part, the
requirements and prohibitions in 40 CFR part 1068, and the provisions of
the Act.

Sec. 1039.605 What provisions apply to engines certified under the motor-

vehicle program?

(a) General provisions. If you are an engine manufacturer, this
section allows you to introduce new nonroad engines into commerce if
they are already certified to the requirements that apply to
compression-ignition engines under 40 CFR parts 85 and 86 for the
appropriate model year. If you comply with all the provisions of this
section, we consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 for
each engine to also be a valid certificate of conformity under this part
1039 for its model year, without a separate application for
certification under the requirements of this part 1039. See Sec.
1039.610 for similar provisions that apply to engines certified to
chassis-based standards for motor vehicles.
(b) Equipment-manufacturer provisions. If you are not an engine
manufacturer, you may produce nonroad equipment using motor-vehicle
engines under this section as long as you meet all the requirements and
conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section. You must also add
the fuel-inlet label we specify in Sec. 1039.135(e). If you modify the
motor-vehicle engine in any of the ways described in paragraph (d)(2) of
this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new nonroad
engine. Such engine modifications prevent you from using the provisions
of this section.
(c) Liability. Engines for which you meet the requirements of this
section are exempt from all the requirements and prohibitions of this
part, except for those specified in this section. Engines exempted under
this section must meet all the applicable requirements from 40 CFR parts
85 and 86. This applies to engine manufacturers, equipment manufacturers
who use these engines, and all other persons as if these engines were
used in a motor vehicle. The prohibited acts of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1)
apply to these new engines and equipment; however, we consider the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 for each engine to also be a
valid certificate of conformity under this part 1039 for its model year.
If we make a determination that these engines do not conform to the
regulations during their useful life, we may require you to recall them
under 40 CFR part 86 or 40 CFR 1068.505.
(d) Specific requirements. If you are an engine manufacturer or
equipment manufacturer and meet all the following criteria and
requirements regarding your new nonroad engine, the engine is eligible
for an exemption under this section:
(1) Your engine must be covered by a valid certificate of conformity
issued under 40 CFR part 86.
(2) You must not make any changes to the certified engine that could
reasonably be expected to increase its exhaust emissions for any
pollutant, or its evaporative emissions if it is subject to evaporative-
emission standards. For example, if you make any of the following
changes to one of these engines, you do not qualify for this exemption:
(i) Change any fuel system parameters from the certified
configuration.
(ii) Change, remove, or fail to properly install any other
component, element of design, or calibration specified in the engine
manufacturer's application for certification. This includes
aftertreatment devices and all related components.
(iii) Modify or design the engine cooling system so that
temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the

[[Page 227]]

original engine manufacturer's specified ranges.
(3) You must show that fewer than 50 percent of the engine family's
total sales in the United States are used in nonroad applications. This
includes engines used in any application without regard to which company
manufactures the vehicle or equipment. Show this as follows:
(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the engine, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must get the original manufacturer of
the engine to confirm this based on its sales information.
(4) You must ensure that the engine has the label we require under
40 CFR part 86.
(5) You must add a permanent supplemental label to the engine in a
position where it will remain clearly visible after installation in the
equipment. In the supplemental label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``NONROAD ENGINE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION''.
(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may instead
include the full corporate name and trademark of another company you
choose to designate.
(iii) State: ``THIS ENGINE WAS ADAPTED FOR NONROAD USE WITHOUT
AFFECTING ITS EMISSION CONTROLS. THE EMISSION-CONTROL SYSTEM DEPENDS ON
THE USE OF FUEL MEETING SPECIFICATIONS THAT APPLY FOR MOTOR-VEHICLE
APPLICATIONS. OPERATING THE ENGINE ON OTHER FUELS MAY BE A VIOLATION OF
FEDERAL LAW.''.
(iv) State the date you finished modifying the engine (month and
year), if applicable.
(6) The original and supplemental labels must be readily visible
after the engine is installed in the equipment or, if the equipment
obscures the engine's emission control information label, the equipment
manufacturer must attach duplicate labels, as described in 40 CFR
1068.105.
(7) You must make sure that nonroad equipment produced under this
section will have the fueling label we specify in Sec.
1039.135(c)(9)(i).
(8) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a signed letter by the
end of each calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the
following information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the engine or equipment models you expect to produce under
this exemption in the coming year and describe your basis for meeting
the sales restrictions of paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(iii) State: ``We produce each listed [engine or equipment] model
for nonroad application without making any changes that could increase
its certified emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1039.605.''.
(e) Failure to comply. If your engines do not meet the criteria
listed in paragraph (d) of this section, they will be subject to the
standards, requirements, and prohibitions of this part 1039 and the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 will not be deemed to also be a
certificate issued under this part 1039. Introducing these engines into
commerce without a valid exemption or certificate of conformity under
this part violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(f) Data submission. We may require you to send us emission test
data on any applicable nonroad duty cycles.
(g) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Engines adapted
for nonroad use under this section may not generate or use emission
credits under this part 1039. These engines may generate credits under
the ABT provisions in 40 CFR part 86. These engines must use emission
credits under 40 CFR part 86 if they are certified to an FEL that
exceeds an applicable standard under 40 CFR part 86.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40463, July 13, 2005;
72 FR 53132, Sept. 18, 2007; 75 FR 22992, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.610 What provisions apply to vehicles certified under the motor-

vehicle program?

[[Page 228]]

under 40 CFR parts 85 and 86 for the appropriate model year. If you
comply with all of the provisions of this section, we consider the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 for each motor vehicle to also
be a valid certificate of conformity for the engine under this part 1039
for its model year, without a separate application for certification
under the requirements of this part 1039. See Sec. 1039.605 for similar
provisions that apply to motor-vehicle engines produced for nonroad
equipment.
(b) Equipment-manufacturer provisions. If you are not a motor-
vehicle manufacturer, you may produce nonroad equipment from motor
vehicles under this section as long as you meet all the requirements and
conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section. You must also add
the fuel-inlet label we specify in Sec. 1039.135(e). If you modify the
motor vehicle or its engine in any of the ways described in paragraph
(d)(2) of this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new
nonroad engine. Such modifications prevent you from using the provisions
of this section.
(c) Liability. Engines, vehicles, and equipment for which you meet
the requirements of this section are exempt from all the requirements
and prohibitions of this part, except for those specified in this
section. Engines exempted under this section must meet all the
applicable requirements from 40 CFR parts 85 and 86. This applies to
engine manufacturers, equipment manufacturers, and all other persons as
if the nonroad equipment were motor vehicles. The prohibited acts of 40
CFR 1068.101(a)(1) apply to these new pieces of equipment; however, we
consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 for each motor
vehicle to also be a valid certificate of conformity for the engine
under this part 1039 for its model year. If we make a determination that
these engines, vehicles, or equipment do not conform to the regulations
during their useful life, we may require you to recall them under 40 CFR
part 86 or 40 CFR 1068.505.
(d) Specific requirements. If you are a motor-vehicle manufacturer
and meet all the following criteria and requirements regarding your new
nonroad equipment and its engine, the engine is eligible for an
exemption under this section:
(1) Your equipment must be covered by a valid certificate of
conformity as a motor vehicle issued under 40 CFR part 86.
(2) You must not make any changes to the certified vehicle that we
could reasonably expect to increase its exhaust emissions for any
pollutant, or its evaporative emissions if it is subject to evaporative-
emission standards. For example, if you make any of the following
changes, you do not qualify for this exemption:
(i) Change any fuel system parameters from the certified
configuration.
(ii) Change, remove, or fail to properly install any other
component, element of design, or calibration specified in the vehicle
manufacturer's application for certification. This includes
aftertreatment devices and all related components.
(iii) Modify or design the engine cooling system so that
temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the original vehicle
manufacturer's specified ranges.
(iv) Add more than 500 pounds to the curb weight of the originally
certified motor vehicle.
(3) You must show that fewer than 50 percent of the engine family's
total sales in the United States are used in nonroad applications. This
includes any type of vehicle, without regard to which company completes
the manufacturing of the nonroad equipment. Show this as follows:
(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the vehicle, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must get the original manufacturer of
the vehicle to confirm this based on their sales information.
(4) The equipment must have the vehicle emission control information
and fuel labels we require under 40 CFR 86.007-35.
(5) You must add a permanent supplemental label to the equipment in
a position where it will remain clearly visible. In the supplemental
label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``NONROAD ENGINE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION''.

[[Page 229]]

(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may instead
include the full corporate name and trademark of another company you
choose to designate.
(iii) State: ``THIS VEHICLE WAS ADAPTED FOR NONROAD USE WITHOUT
AFFECTING ITS EMISSION CONTROLS. THE EMISSION-CONTROL SYSTEM DEPENDS ON
THE USE OF FUEL MEETING SPECIFICATIONS THAT APPLY FOR MOTOR-VEHICLE
APPLICATIONS. OPERATING THE ENGINE ON OTHER FUELS MAY BE A VIOLATION OF
FEDERAL LAW.''.
(iv) State the date you finished modifying the vehicle (month and
year), if applicable.
(6) The original and supplemental labels must be readily visible in
the fully assembled equipment.
(7) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a signed letter by the
end of each calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the
following information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the equipment models you expect to produce under this
exemption in the coming year and describe your basis for meeting the
sales restrictions of paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(iii) State: ``We produced each listed engine or equipment model for
nonroad application without making any changes that could increase its
certified emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1039.610.''
(e) Failure to comply. If your engines, vehicles, or equipment do
not meet the criteria listed in paragraph (d) of this section, the
engines will be subject to the standards, requirements, and prohibitions
of this part 1039, and the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 will
not be deemed to also be a certificate issued under this part 1039.
Introducing these engines into commerce without a valid exemption or
certificate of conformity under this part violates the prohibitions in
40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(f) Data submission. We may require you to send us emission test
data on any applicable nonroad duty cycles.
(g) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Vehicles
adapted for nonroad use under this section may not generate or use
emission credits under this part 1039. These vehicles may generate
credits under the ABT provisions in 40 CFR part 86. These vehicles must
be included in the calculation of the applicable fleet average in 40 CFR
part 86.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40463, July 13, 2005;
72 FR 53132, Sept. 18, 2007; 75 FR 22992, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.615 What special provisions apply to engines using noncommercial

fuels?

In Sec. 1039.115(e), we generally require that engines meet
emission standards for any adjustment within the full range of any
adjustable parameters. For engines that use noncommercial fuels
significantly different than the specified test fuel of the same type,
you may ask to use the parameter-adjustment provisions of this section
instead of those in Sec. 1039.115(e). Engines certified under this
section must be in a separate engine family.
(a) If we approve your request, the following provisions apply:
(1) You must certify the engine using the test fuel specified in
Sec. 1039.501.
(2) You may produce the engine without limits or stops that keep the
engine adjusted within the certified range.
(3) You must specify in-use adjustments different than the
adjustable settings appropriate for the specified test fuel, consistent
with the provisions of paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(b) To produce engines under this section, you must do the
following:
(1) Specify in-use adjustments needed so the engine's level of
emission control for each regulated pollutant is equivalent to that from
the certified configuration.
(2) Add the following information to the emission control
information label specified in Sec. 1039.135:
(i) Include instructions describing how to adjust the engine to
operate in a way that maintains the effectiveness of the emission-
control system.
(ii) State: ``THIS ENGINE IS CERTIFIED TO OPERATE IN APPLICATIONS
USING NONCOMMERCIAL FUEL. MALADJUSTMENT OF THE ENGINE IS A VIOLATION OF
FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.''.

[[Page 230]]

(3) Keep records to document the destinations and quantities of
engines produced under this section.

Sec. 1039.620 What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for

competition?

The provisions of this section apply for new engines built on or
after January 1, 2006.
(a) Equipment manufacturers may use uncertified engines if the
vehicles or equipment in which they are installed will be used solely
for competition.
(b) The definition of nonroad engine in 40 CFR 1068.30 excludes
engines used solely for competition. These engines are not required to
comply with this part 1039 or 40 CFR part 89, but 40 CFR 1068.101
prohibits the use of competition engines for noncompetition purposes.
(c) We consider a vehicle or piece of equipment to be one that will
be used solely for competition if it has features that are not easily
removed that would make its use other than in competition unsafe,
impractical, or highly unlikely.
(d) As an engine manufacturer, your engine is exempt without our
prior approval if you have a written request for an exempted engine from
the equipment manufacturer showing the basis for believing that the
equipment will be used solely for competition. You must permanently
label engines exempted under this section to clearly indicate that they
are to be used solely for competition. Failure to properly label an
engine will void the exemption.
(e) We may discontinue an exemption under this section if we find
that engines are not used solely for competition.

Sec. 1039.625 What requirements apply under the program for equipment-

manufacturer flexibility?

The provisions of this section allow equipment manufacturers to
produce equipment with engines that are subject to less stringent
emission standards after the Tier 4 emission standards begin to apply.
To be eligible to use these provisions, you must follow all the
instructions in this section. See 40 CFR 89.102(d) and (e) for
provisions that apply to equipment produced while Tier 1, Tier 2, or
Tier 3 standards apply. See Sec. 1039.626 for requirements that apply
specifically to companies that manufacture equipment outside the United
States and to companies that import such equipment without manufacturing
it. Engines and equipment you produce under this section are exempt from
the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1), subject to the provisions of
this section.
(a) General. If you are an equipment manufacturer, you may introduce
into commerce in the United States limited numbers of nonroad equipment
with engines exempted under this section. You may use the exemptions in
this section only if you have primary responsibility for designing and
manufacturing equipment and your manufacturing procedures include
installing some engines in this equipment. Consider all U.S.-directed
equipment sales in showing that you meet the requirements of this
section, including those from any parent or subsidiary companies and
those from any other companies you license to produce equipment for you.
If you produce a type of equipment that has more than one engine, count
each engine separately. These provisions are available over the
following periods:
(1) These provisions are available for the years shown in the
following table, except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section:

Table 1 of Sec. 1039.625--General Availability of Allowances
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Power category Calendar years
------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19............................................... 2008-2014
19 <= kW < 56......................................... 2008-2014
56 <= kW < 130........................................ 2012-2018
130 <= kW <= 560...................................... 2011-2017
kW 560.................................... 2011-2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) If you do not use any allowances in a power category before the
earliest dates shown in the following table, you may delay the start of
the seven-year period for using allowances under this section as
follows:

[[Page 231]]

Table 2 of Sec. 1039.625--Availability of Delayed Allowances
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Power category Calendar years
------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19............................................... ................
19 <= kW < 56......................................... 2012-2018
56 <= kW < 130........................................ 2014-2020
130 <= kW <= 560...................................... 2014-2020
kW 560.................................... 2015-2021
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Allowances. You may choose one of the following options for each
power category to produce equipment with exempted engines under this
section, except as allowed under Sec. 1039.627:
(1) Percent-of-production allowances. You may produce a certain
number of units with exempted engines calculated using a percentage of
your total sales within a power category relative to your total U.S.-
directed production volume. The sum of these percentages within a power
category during the seven-year period specified in paragraph (a) of this
section may not exceed 80 percent, except as allowed under paragraph
(b)(2) or (m) of this section.
(2) Small-volume allowances. You may determine an alternate
allowance for a specific number of exempted engines under this section
using one of the following approaches for your U.S.-directed production
volumes:
(i) You may produce up to 700 units with exempted engines within a
power category during the seven-year period specified in paragraph (a)
of this section, with no more than 200 units in any single year within a
power category, except as provided in paragraph (m) of this section.
Engines within a power category that are exempted under this section
must be from a single engine family within a given year.
(ii) For engines below 130 kW, you may produce up to 525 units with
exempted engines within a power category during the seven-year period
specified in paragraph (a) of this section, with no more than 150 units
in any single year within a power category, except as provided in
paragraph (m) of this section. For engines at or above 130 kW, you may
produce up to 350 units with exempted engines within a power category
during the seven-year period, with no more than 100 units in any single
year within a power category. Exemptions under this paragraph (b)(2)(ii)
may apply to engines from multiple engine families in a given year.
(iii) In each power category at or above 56 kW, you may apply the
provisions of paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section in the first two model
years for which Tier 4 standards apply, regardless of the number of
engine families you use in your equipment, provided you exceed the
single engine family restriction of that paragraph primarily due to
production of equipment intended specifically to travel on snow and to
commonly operate at more than 9,000 feet above sea level. After the
first two Tier 4 model years in a power category, you may continue to
apply the provisions of paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section, subject to
the single engine family restriction.
(c) Percentage calculation. Calculate for each calendar year the
percentage of equipment with exempted engines from your total U.S.-
directed production within a power category if you need to show that you
meet the percent-of-production allowances in paragraph (b)(1) of this
section.
(d) Inclusion of engines not subject to Tier 4 standards. The
following provisions apply to engines that are not subject to Tier 4
standards:
(1) If you use the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.105(a) to use up your
inventories of engines not certified to new emission standards, do not
include these units in your count of equipment with exempted engines
under paragraph (b) of this section. However, you may include these
units in your count of total equipment you produce for the given year
for the percentage calculation in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(2) If you install engines that are exempted from the Tier 4
standards for any reason, other than for equipment-manufacturer
allowances under this section, do not include these units in your count
of exempted engines under paragraph (b) of this section. However, you
may include these units in your count of total equipment you produce for
the given year for the percentage calculation in paragraph (b)(1) of
this section. For example, if we grant a hardship exemption for the
engine manufacturer, you may count these as compliant engines under this
section.

[[Page 232]]

This paragraph (d)(2) applies only if the engine has a permanent label
describing why it is exempted from the Tier 4 standards.
(3) Do not include equipment using model year 2008 or 2009 engines
certified under the provisions of Sec. 1039.101(c) in your count of
equipment using exempted engines. However, you may include these units
in your count of total equipment you produce for the given year for the
percentage calculation in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(4) You may start using the allowances under this section for
engines that are not yet subject to Tier 4 standards, as long as the
seven-year period for using allowances under the Tier 2 or Tier 3
program has expired (see 40 CFR 89.102(d)). Table 3 of this section
shows the years for which this applies. To use these early allowances,
you must use engines that meet the emission standards described in
paragraph (e) of this section. You must also count these units or
calculate these percentages as described in paragraph (c) of this
section and apply them toward the total number or percentage of
equipment with exempted engines we allow for the Tier 4 standards as
described in paragraph (b) of this section. The maximum number of
cumulative early allowances under this paragraph (d)(4) is 10 percent
under the percent-of-production allowance or 100 units under the small-
volume allowance. For example, if you produce 5 percent of your
equipment with engines between 130 and 560 kW that use allowances under
this paragraph (d)(4) in 2009, you may use up to an additional 5 percent
of your allowances in 2010. If you use allowances for 5 percent of your
equipment in both 2009 and 2010, your 80 percent allowance for 2011-2017
in the 130-560 kW power category decreases to 70 percent. Manufacturers
using allowances under this paragraph (d)(4) must comply with the
notification and reporting requirements specified in paragraph (g) of
this section.

Table 3 of Sec. 1039.625--Years for Early Allowances
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum engine power Calendar years
------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19............................................... 2007
19 <= kW < 37......................................... 2006-2011
37 <= kW < 56......................................... 2011
56 <= kW < 75......................................... 2011
75 <= kW < 130........................................ 2010-2011
130 <= kW < 225....................................... 2010
225 <= kW < 450....................................... 2008-2010
450 <= kW <= 560...................................... 2009-2010
KW 560.................................... ................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) Standards. If you produce equipment with exempted engines under
this section, the engines must meet emission standards specified in this
paragraph (e). Note that we consider engines to be meeting emission
standards even if they are certified with a family emission limit that
is higher than the emission standard that would otherwise apply.
(1) If you are using the provisions of paragraph (d)(4) of this
section, engines must meet the applicable Tier 1 or Tier 2 emission
standards described in Sec. 89.112.
(2) If you are using the provisions of paragraph (a)(2) of this
section, engines must be certified under this part 1039 as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Must meet all
standards and
requirements
Engines in the following power category . . . that applied in
the following
model year . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) 19 <= kW < 56..................................... 2008
(ii) 56 <= kW < 130................................... 2012
(iii) 130 <= kW <= 560................................ 2011
(iv) kW 560............................... 2011
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(3) In all other cases, engines at or above 56 kW and at or below
560 kW must meet the appropriate Tier 3 standards described in 40 CFR
89.112. Engines below 56 kW and engines above 560 kW must meet the
appropriate Tier 2 standards described in 40 CFR 89.112.
(f) Equipment labeling. You must add a permanent label, written
legibly in English, to the engine or another readily visible part of
each piece of equipment you produce with exempted engines under this
section. This label, which supplements the engine manufacturer's
emission control information label, must include at least the following
items:
(1) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Your corporate name and trademark.

[[Page 233]]

(3) The calendar year in which the equipment is manufactured.
(4) An e-mail address and phone number to contact for further
information, or a Web site that includes this contact information.
(5) The following statement:

THIS EQUIPMENT [or identify the type of equipment] HAS AN ENGINE THAT
MEETS U.S. EPA EMISSION STANDARDS UNDER 40 CFR 1039.625.

(g) Notification and reporting. You must notify us of your intent to
use the provisions of this section and send us an annual report to
verify that you are not exceeding the allowances, as follows:
(1) Before you use the provisions of this section, send the
Designated Compliance Officer a written notice of your intent,
including:
(i) Your company's name and address, and your parent company's name
and address, if applicable.
(ii) The name, phone number and e-mail address of a person to
contact for more information.
(iii) The calendar years in which you expect to use the exemption
provisions of this section.
(iv) The name and address of each company you expect to produce
engines for the equipment you manufacture under this section.
(v) Your best estimate of the number of units in each power category
you will produce under this section and whether you intend to comply
under paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section.
(vi) The number of units in each power category you have sold in
previous calendar years under 40 CFR 89.102(d).
(2) For each year that you use the provisions of this section, send
the Designated Compliance Officer a written report by March 31 of the
following year. Identify the following things in your report:
(i) The total count of units you sold in the preceding year for each
power category, based on actual U.S.-directed production information.
(ii) The percentages of U.S.-directed production that correspond to
the number of units in each power category and the cumulative numbers
and percentages of units for all the units you have sold under this
section for each power category. You may omit the percentage figures if
you include in the report a statement that you will not be using the
percent-of-production allowances in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(iii) The manufacturer of the engine installed in the equipment you
produce under this section if this is different than you specified under
paragraph (g)(1)(iv) of this section.
(h) Recordkeeping. Keep the following records of all equipment with
exempted engines you produce under this section for at least five full
years after the final year in which allowances are available for each
power category:
(1) The model number, serial number, and the date of manufacture for
each engine and piece of equipment.
(2) The maximum power of each engine.
(3) The total number or percentage of equipment with exempted
engines, as described in paragraph (b) of this section and all
documentation supporting your calculation.
(4) The notifications and reports we require under paragraph (g) of
this section.
(i) Enforcement. Producing more exempted engines or equipment than
we allow under this section or installing engines that do not meet the
emission standards of paragraph (e) of this section violates the
prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1). You must give us the records we
require under this section if we ask for them (see 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(2)).
(j) Provisions for engine manufacturers. As an engine manufacturer,
you may produce exempted engines as needed under this section. You do
not have to request this exemption for your engines, but you must have
written assurance from equipment manufacturers that they need a certain
number of exempted engines under this section. Send us an annual report
of the engines you produce under this section, as described in Sec.
1039.250(a). For engines produced under the provisions of paragraph
(a)(2) of this section, you must certify the engines under this part
1039. For all other exempt engines, the engines must meet the emission
standards in paragraph (e) of this section

[[Page 234]]

and you must meet all the requirements of 40 CFR 1068.265. If you show
under 40 CFR 1068.265(c) that the engines are identical in all material
respects to engines that you have previously certified to one or more
FELs above the standards specified in paragraph (e) of this section, you
must supply sufficient credits for these engines. Calculate these
credits under subpart H of this part using the previously certified FELs
and the alternate standards. You must meet the labeling requirements in
40 CFR 89.110 or Sec. 1039.135, as applicable, with the following
exceptions:
(1) Add the following statement instead of the compliance statement
in 40 CFR 89.110(b)(10) or Sec. 1039.135(c)(12), as applicable:

THIS ENGINE MEETS U.S. EPA EMISSION STANDARDS UNDER 40 CFR 1039.625.
SELLING OR INSTALLING THIS ENGINE FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN FOR THE
EQUIPMENT FLEXIBILITY PROVISIONS OF 40 CFR 1039.625 MAY BE A VIOLATION
OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.

(2) You may omit the family emission limits if they are below the
emission standards.
(k) Other exemptions. See 40 CFR 1068.255 for exemptions based on
hardship for equipment manufacturers and secondary engine manufacturers.
(l) [Reserved]
(m) Additional exemptions for technical or engineering hardship. You
may request additional engine allowances under paragraph (b)(1) of this
section for 19-560 kW power categories or, if you are a small equipment
manufacturer, under paragraph (b)(2) of this section for engines at or
above 19 and below 37 kW. However, you may use these extra allowances
only for those equipment models for which you, or an affiliated company,
do not also produce the engine. After considering the circumstances, we
may permit you to introduce into commerce equipment with such engines
that do not comply with Tier 4 emission standards, as follows:
(1) We may approve additional exemptions if extreme and unusual
circumstances that are clearly outside your control and that could not
have been avoided with reasonable discretion have resulted in technical
or engineering problems that prevent you from meeting the requirements
of this part. You must show that you exercised prudent planning and have
taken all reasonable steps to minimize the scope of your request for
additional allowances.
(2) To apply for exemptions under this paragraph (m), send the
Designated Compliance Officer a written request as soon as possible
before you are in violation. In your request, include the following
information:
(i) Describe your process for designing equipment.
(ii) Describe how you normally work cooperatively or concurrently
with your engine supplier to design products.
(iii) Describe the engineering or technical problems causing you to
request the exemption and explain why you have not been able to solve
them. Describe the extreme and unusual circumstances that led to these
problems and explain how they were unavoidable.
(iv) Describe any information or products you received from your
engine supplier related to equipment design--such as written
specifications, performance data, or prototype engines--and when you
received it.
(v) Compare the design processes of the equipment model for which
you need additional exemptions and that for other models for which you
do not need additional exemptions. Explain the technical differences
that justify your request.
(vi) Describe your efforts to find and use other compliant engines,
or otherwise explain why none is available.
(vii) Describe the steps you have taken to minimize the scope of
your request.
(viii) Include other relevant information. You must give us other
relevant information if we ask for it.
(ix) Estimate the increased percent of production you need for each
equipment model covered by your request, as described in paragraph
(m)(3) of this section. Estimate the increased number of allowances you
need for each equipment model covered by your request, as described in
paragraph (m)(4) of this section.

[[Page 235]]

(3) We may approve your request to increase the allowances under
paragraph (b)(1) of this section, subject to the following limitations:
(i) The additional allowances will not exceed 70 percent for each
power category.
(ii) You must use up the allowances under paragraph (b)(1) of this
section before using any additional allowance under this paragraph (m).
(iii) Any allowances we approve under this paragraph (m)(3) expire
24 months after the provisions of this section start for a given power
category, as described in paragraph (a) of this section. You may use
these allowances only for the specific equipment models covered by your
request.
(4) We may approve your request to increase the allowances for the
19-56 kW power category under paragraph (b)(2) of this section, subject
to the following limitations:
(i) You are eligible for additional allowances under this paragraph
(m)(4) only if you are a small equipment manufacturer and you do not use
the provisions of paragraph (m)(3) of this section to obtain additional
allowances for the 19-56 kW power category.
(ii) You must use up all the available allowances for the 19-56 kW
power category under paragraph (b)(2) of this section in a given year
before using any additional allowances under this paragraph (m)(4).
(iii) Base your request only on equipment you produce with engines
at or above 19 kW and below 37 kW. You may use any additional allowances
only for equipment you produce with engines at or above 19 kW and below
37 kW.
(iv) The total allowances under either paragraph (b)(2)(i) or (ii)
of this section for the 19-56 kW power category will not exceed 1,100
units.
(v) Any allowances we approve under this paragraph (m)(4) expire 36
months after the provisions of this section start for this power
category, as described in paragraph (a) of this section. These
additional allowances are not subject to the annual limits specified in
paragraph (b)(2) of this section. You may use these allowances only for
the specific equipment models covered by your request.
(5) For purposes of this paragraph (m), small equipment manufacturer
means a small-business equipment manufacturer that had annual U.S.-
directed production volume of equipment using nonroad diesel engines
between 19 and 56 kW of no more than 3,000 units in 2002 and all earlier
calendar years, and has 750 or fewer employees (500 or fewer employees
for nonroad equipment manufacturers that produce no construction
equipment or industrial trucks). For manufacturers owned by a parent
company, the production limit applies to the production of the parent
company and all its subsidiaries and the employee limit applies to the
total number of employees of the parent company and all its
subsidiaries.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40464, July 13, 2005;
72 FR 53133, Sept. 18, 2007; 73 FR 59191, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 68461,
Nov. 8, 2010]

Sec. 1039.626 What special provisions apply to equipment imported under the

equipment-manufacturer flexibility program?

This section describes requirements that apply to equipment
manufacturers using the provisions of Sec. 1039.625 for equipment
produced outside the United States. Note that Sec. 1039.625 limits
these provisions to equipment manufacturers that install some engines
and have primary responsibility for designing and manufacturing
equipment. Companies that import equipment into the United States
without meeting these criteria are not eligible for these allowances.
Such importers may import equipment with exempted engines only as
described in paragraph (b) of this section.
(a) As a foreign equipment manufacturer, you or someone else may
import equipment with exempted engines under this section if you comply
with the provisions in Sec. 1039.625 and commit to the following:
(1) Give any EPA inspector or auditor complete and immediate access
to inspect and audit, as follows:
(i) Inspections and audits may be announced or unannounced.
(ii) Inspections and audits may be by EPA employees or EPA
contractors.
(iii) You must provide access to any location where--

[[Page 236]]

(A) Any nonroad engine, equipment, or vehicle is produced or stored.
(B) Documents related to manufacturer operations are kept.
(C) Equipment, engines, or vehicles are tested or stored for
testing.
(iv) You must provide any documents requested by an EPA inspector or
auditor that are related to matters covered by the inspections or audit.
(v) EPA inspections and audits may include review and copying of any
documents related to demonstrating compliance with the exemptions in
Sec. 1039.625.
(vi) EPA inspections and audits may include inspection and
evaluation of complete or incomplete equipment, engines, or vehicles,
and interviewing employees.
(vii) You must make any of your employees available for interview by
the EPA inspector or auditor, on request, within a reasonable time
period.
(viii) You must provide English language translations of any
documents to an EPA inspector or auditor, on request, within 10 working
days.
(ix) You must provide English-language interpreters to accompany EPA
inspectors and auditors, on request.
(2) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.
(3) The forum for any civil or criminal enforcement action related
to the provisions of this section for violations of the Clean Air Act or
regulations promulgated thereunder shall be governed by the Clean Air
Act.
(4) The substantive and procedural laws of the United States shall
apply to any civil or criminal enforcement action against you or any of
your officers or employees related to the provisions of this section.
(5) Provide the notification required by Sec. 1039.625(g). Include
in the notice of intent in Sec. 1039.625(g)(1) a commitment to comply
with the requirements and obligations of Sec. 1039.625 and this
section. This commitment must be signed by the owner or president.
(6) You, your agents, officers, and employees must not seek to
detain or to impose civil or criminal remedies against EPA inspectors or
auditors, whether EPA employees or EPA contractors, for actions
performed within the scope of EPA employment related to the provisions
of this section.
(7) By submitting notification of your intent to use the provisions
of Sec. 1039.625, producing and exporting for resale to the United
States nonroad equipment under this section, or taking other actions to
comply with the requirements of this part, you, your agents, officers,
and employees, without exception, become subject to the full operation
of the administrative and judicial enforcement powers and provisions of
the United States as described in 28 U.S.C. 1605(a)(2), without
limitation based on sovereign immunity, for conduct that violates the
requirements applicable to you under this part 1039--including such
conduct that violates 18 U.S.C. 1001, 42 U.S.C. 7413(c)(2), or other
applicable provisions of the Clean Air Act'with respect to actions
instituted against you and your agents, officers, and employees in any
court or other tribunal in the United States.
(8) Any report or other document you submit to us must be in the
English language, or include a complete translation in English.
(9) You must post a bond to cover any potential enforcement actions
under the Clean Air Act before you or anyone else imports your equipment
under this section, as follows:
(i) The value of the bond is based on the per-engine bond values
shown in Table 1 of this section and on the highest number of engines in
each power category you produce in any single calendar year under the
provisions of Sec. 1039.625. For example, if you have projected U.S.-
directed production volumes of 100 exempt engines in the 19-56 kW power
category and 300 exempt engines in the 56-130 kW power category in 2013,
the appropriate bond amount is $180,000. If your estimated or actual
engine imports increase beyond the level appropriate for your current
bond payment, you must post additional bond to reflect the increased
sales within 90 days after you change your estimate or determine the
actual sales. You may not decrease your bond.

[[Page 237]]

(ii) You may meet the bond requirements of this section with any of
the following methods:
(A) Get a bond from a third-party surety that is cited in the U.S.
Department of Treasury Circular 570, ``Companies Holding Certificates of
Authority as Acceptable Sureties on Federal Bonds and as Acceptable
Reinsuring Companies.'' Maintain this bond for five years after the
applicable allowance period expires, or five years after you use up all
the available allowances under Sec. 1039.625, whichever comes first.
(B) Get us to approve a waiver from the bonding requirement if you
can show that you meet the asset thresholds described in 40 CFR
1054.690.
(iii) If you forfeit some or all of your bond in an enforcement
action, you must post any appropriate bond for continuing importation
within 90 days after you forfeit the bond amount.

Table 1 of Sec. 1039.626--Per-Engine Bond Values
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The per-engine
For engines with maximum engine power falling in the bond value is
following ranges . . . . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19................................................. $150
19 <= kW < 56........................................... 300
56 <= kW < 130.......................................... 500
130 <= kW < 225......................................... 1,000
225 <= kW < 450......................................... 3,000
kW = 450..................................... 8,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iv) You will forfeit the proceeds of the bond posted under this
section if you need to satisfy any U.S. administrative settlement
agreement, administrative final order or judicial judgment against you
arising from your violation of this chapter, or violation of 18 U.S.C.
1001, 42 U.S.C. 7413(c)(2), or other applicable provisions of the Clean
Air Act.
(b) The provisions of this paragraph (b) apply to importers that do
not install engines into equipment and do not have primary
responsibility for designing and manufacturing equipment. Such importers
may import equipment with engines exempted under Sec. 1039.625 only if
each engine is exempted under an allowance provided to an equipment
manufacturer meeting the requirements of Sec. 1039.625 and this
section. You must notify us of your intent to use the provisions of this
section and send us an annual report, as follows:
(1) Before you use the provisions of this section, send the
Designated Compliance Officer a written notice of your intent,
including:
(i) Your company's name and address, and your parent company's name
and address, if applicable.
(ii) The name and address of the companies that produce the
equipment and engines you will be importing under this section.
(iii) Your best estimate of the number of units in each power
category you will import under this section in the upcoming calendar
year, broken down by equipment manufacturer and power category.
(iv) The number of units in each power category you have imported in
previous calendar years under 40 CFR 89.102(d).
(2) For each year that you use the provisions of this section, send
the Designated Compliance Officer a written report by March 31 of the
following year. Include in your report the total number of engines you
imported under this section in the preceding calendar year, broken down
by engine manufacturer and by equipment manufacturer.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 59192, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1039.627 What are the incentives for equipment manufacturers to use

cleaner engines?

This section allows equipment manufacturers to generate additional
allowances under the provisions of Sec. 1039.625 by producing equipment
using engines at or above 19 kW certified to specified levels earlier
than otherwise required.
(a) For early-compliant engines to generate offsets for use under
this section, the following general provisions apply:
(1) The engine manufacturer must comply with the provisions of Sec.
1039.104(a)(1) for the offset-generating engines.
(2) Engines you install in your equipment after December 31 of the
years specified in Sec. 1039.104(a)(1) do not generate allowances under
this section, even if the engine manufacturer generated offsets for that
engine under Sec. 1039.104(a).

[[Page 238]]

(3) Offset-generating engines must be certified to the following
standards under this part 1039:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may reduce the
number of engines in
If the engine's maximum And you install . . Certified early to the same power In later model years
power is . . . . the . . . category that are by . . .
required to meet the
. . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) kW = 19. One engine.......... Emissions standards Standards in Tables One engine.
in Sec. 1039.101. 2 through 7 of Sec.
1039.102 or in
Sec. 1039.101.
(ii) 56 <= kW < 130.... Two engines......... NOX standards in Standards in Tables One engine.
Sec. 2 through 7 of Sec.
1039.102(e)(1), and 1039.102 or in
NMHC standard of Sec. 1039.101.
0.19 g/kW-hr, a PM
standard of 0.02 g/
kW-hr, and a CO
standard of 5.0 g/
kW-hr.
(iii) 130 <= kW < 560.. Two engines......... NOX standards in Standards in Tables One engine.
Sec. 2 through 7 of Sec.
1039.102(e)(2), an 1039.102 or in
NMHC standard of Sec. 1039.101.
0.19 g/kW-hr, a PM
standard of 0.02 g/
kW-hr, and a CO
standard of 3.5 g/
kW-hr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Using engine offsets. (1) You may use engine offsets generated
under paragraph (a) of this section to generate additional allowances
under Sec. 1039.625, as follows:
(i) For each engine offset, you may increase the number of available
allowances under Sec. 1039.625(b) for that power category by one engine
for the years indicated.
(ii) For engines in 56-560 kW power categories, you may transfer
engine offsets across power categories within this power range.
Calculate the number of additional allowances by scaling the number of
generated engine offsets according to the ratio of engine power for
offset and allowance engines. Make this calculation for all your offset
engines for which you will transfer offsets under this paragraph
(b)(1)(ii), then round the result to determine the total number of
available power-weighted allowances. For example, if you generate engine
offsets for 75 500-kW engines, you may generate up to 37,500 kW-engines
of power-weighted allowances. You may apply this to 375 100-kW engines
or any other combination that totals 37,500 kW-engines.
(2) You may decline to use the offsets. If you decline, the engine
manufacturer may use the provisions of Sec. 1039.104(a)(1).
(c) Limitation on offsets for engines above 560 kW. For engines
above 560 kW, you must track how many engines you install in generator
sets and how many you install in other applications under the provisions
of this section. Offsets from generator-set engines may be used only for
generator-set engines. Offsets from engines for other applications may
be used only for other applications besides generator sets.
(d) Reporting. When you submit your first annual report under Sec.
1039.625(g), include the following additional information related to the
engines you use to generate offsets under this section:
(1) The name of each engine family involved.
(2) The number of engines from each power category.
(3) The maximum engine power of each engine.
(4) For engines above 560 kW, whether you use engines certified to
the standards for generator-set engines.
(e) In-use fuel. If the engine manufacturer certifies using ultra
low-sulfur diesel fuel, you must take steps to ensure that the in-use
engines in the family will use diesel fuel with a sulfur concentration
no greater than 15 ppm. For example, selling equipment only into
applications where the operator commits to a central-fueling facility
with ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel throughout its lifetime would meet
this requirement.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 75 FR 22992, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 239]]

Sec. 1039.630 What are the economic hardship provisions for equipment

manufacturers?

If you qualify for the economic hardship provisions specified in 40
CFR 1068.255, we may approve your hardship application subject to the
following additional conditions:
(a) You must show that you have used up the allowances to produce
equipment with exempted engines under Sec. 1039.625.
(b) You may produce equipment under this section for up to 12 months
total (or 24 months total for small-volume manufacturers).

Sec. 1039.635 What are the hardship provisions for engine manufacturers?

If you qualify for the hardship provisions specified in 40 CFR
1068.245, we may approve a period of delayed compliance for up to one
model year total (or two model years total for small-volume
manufacturers). If you qualify for the hardship provisions specified in
40 CFR 1068.250 for small-volume manufacturers, we may approve a period
of delayed compliance for up to two model years total.

Sec. 1039.640 What special provisions apply to branded engines?

The following provisions apply if you identify the name and
trademark of another company instead of your own on your emission
control information label, as provided by Sec. 1039.135(c)(2):
(a) You must have a contractual agreement with the other company
that obligates that company to take the following steps:
(1) Meet the emission warranty requirements that apply under Sec.
1039.120. This may involve a separate agreement involving reimbursement
of warranty-related expenses.
(2) Report all warranty-related information to the certificate
holder.
(b) In your application for certification, identify the company
whose trademark you will use and describe the arrangements you have made
to meet your requirements under this section.
(c) You remain responsible for meeting all the requirements of this
chapter, including warranty and defect-reporting provisions.

Sec. 1039.645 What special provisions apply to engines used for

transportation refrigeration units?

Manufacturers may choose to use the provisions of this section for
engines used in transportation refrigeration units (TRUs). The operating
restrictions and characteristics in paragraph (f) of this section define
engines that are not used in TRUs. All provisions of this part apply for
TRU engines, except as specified in this section.
(a) You may certify engines under this section with the following
special provisions:
(1) The engines are not subject to the transient emission standards
of subpart B of this part.
(2) The steady-state emission standards in subpart B of this part
apply for emissions measured over the steady-state test cycle described
in paragraph (b) of this section instead of the otherwise applicable
duty cycle described in Sec. 1039.505.
(b) Measure steady-state emissions using the procedures specified in
Sec. 1039.505, except for the duty cycles, as follows:
(1) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

Table 1 of Sec. 1039.645--Discrete-Mode Cycle for TRU Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque Weighting
Mode number Engine speed \1\ (percent) \2\ factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 75 0.25
2.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 50 0.25
3.......................................... Intermediate test speed............ 75 0.25
4.......................................... Intermediate test speed............ 50 0.25
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at the given engine speed.

[[Page 240]]

(2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

Table 2 of Sec. 1039.645--Ramped-Modal Cycle for TRU Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode
RMC mode (seconds) Engine speed \1\ Torque (percent) \2,3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state..................... 290 Intermediate Speed..... 75.
1b Transition....................... 20 Intermediate Speed..... Linear Transition.
2a Steady-state..................... 280 Intermediate Speed..... 50.
2b Transition....................... 20 Linear Transition...... Linear Transition.
3a Steady-state..................... 280 Maximum Test Speed..... 75.
3b Transition....................... 20 Maximum Test Speed..... Linear Transition.
4 Steady-state...................... 290 Maximum Test Speed..... 50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed.
\3\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and
simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting.

(c) Engines certified under this section must be certified in a
separate engine family that contains only TRU engines.
(d) You must do the following for each engine certified under this
section:
(1) State on the emission control information label: ``THIS ENGINE
IS CERTIFIED TO OPERATE ONLY IN TRANSPORTATION REFRIGERATION UNITS.
INSTALLING OR USING THIS ENGINE IN ANY OTHER APPLICATION MAY BE A
VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.''.
(2) State in the emission-related installation instructions all
steps necessary to ensure that the engine will operate only in the modes
covered by the test cycle described in this section.
(3) Keep records to document the destinations and quantities of
engines produced under this section.
(e) All engines certified under this section must comply with NTE
standards, as described in Sec. 1039.101 or Sec. 1039.102 for the
applicable model year, except that the NTE standards are not limited
with respect to operating speeds and loads. In your application for
certification, certify that all the engines in the engine family comply
with the not-to-exceed emission standards for all normal operation and
use. The deficiency provisions of Sec. 1039.104(d) do not apply to
these engines. This paragraph (e) applies whether or not the engine
would otherwise be subject to NTE standards.
(f) An engine is not considered to be used in a TRU if any of the
following is true:
(1) The engine is installed in any equipment other than
refrigeration units for railcars, truck trailers, or other freight
vehicles.
(2) The engine operates in any mode not covered by the test cycle
described in this section, except as follows:
(i) The engine may operate briefly at idle. Note, however, that TRU
engines must meet NTE emission standards under any type of operation,
including idle, as described in paragraph (e) of this section.
(ii) The engine may have a minimal amount of transitional operation
between two allowable modes. As an example, a thirty-second transition
period would clearly not be considered minimal.
(iii) The engine as installed may experience up to a 2-percent
decrease in load at a given setpoint over any 10-minute period, and up
to a 15-percent decrease in load at a given setpoint over any 60-minute
period.
(3) The engine is sold in a configuration that allows the engine to
operate in any mode not covered by the test cycle described in this
section. For example, this section does not apply to an engine sold
without a governor limiting operation only to those modes covered by the
test cycle described in this section.

[[Page 241]]

(4) The engine is subject to Tier 3 or earlier standards, or phase-
out Tier 4 standards.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 37241, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1039.650 [Reserved]

Sec. 1039.655 What special provisions apply to engines sold in Guam, American

Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands?

(a) The prohibitions in Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) do not apply to an
engine if the following conditions are met:
(1) The engine is intended for use and will be used in Guam,
American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
(2) The engine meets the latest applicable emission standards in 40
CFR 89.112.
(3) You meet all the requirements of 40 CFR 1068.265.
(b) If you introduce an engine into commerce in the United States
under this section, you must meet the labeling requirements in 40 CFR
89.110, but add the following statement instead of the compliance
statement in 40 CFR 89.110(b)(10):

THIS ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY WITH U.S. EPA TIER 4 EMISSION REQUIREMENTS.
IMPORTING THIS ENGINE INTO THE UNITED STATES OR ANY TERRITORY OF THE
UNITED STATES EXCEPT GUAM, AMERICAN SAMOA, OR THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO
CIVIL PENALTY.

(c) Introducing into commerce an engine exempted under this section
in any state or territory of the United States other than Guam, American
Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, throughout
its lifetime, violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1), unless
it is exempt under a different provision.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40464, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1039.660 What special provisions apply to Independent Commercial

Importers?

Under Sec. 1039.801, certain engines are considered to be new
engines when they are imported into the United States, even if they have
previously been used outside the country. Independent Commercial
Importers may use the provisions of 40 CFR part 89, subpart G, and 40
CFR 89.906(b) to receive a certificate of conformity for engines meeting
all the requirements of this part 1039.

Sec. 1039.670 Approval of an emergency equipment field modification (EEFM).

This section describes how you may implement design changes for
emergency equipment that has already been placed into service to ensure
that the equipment will perform properly in emergency situations.
(a) You must notify us in writing of your intent to install or
distribute an emergency equipment field modification (EEFM). In some
cases you may install or distribute an EEFM only with our advance
approval, as specified in this section.
(b) Include in your notification a full description of the EEFM and
any documentation to support your determination that the EEFM is
necessary to prevent the equipment from losing speed, torque, or power
due to abnormal conditions of its emission control system, or to prevent
such abnormal conditions from occurring during operation related to
emergency response. Examples of such abnormal conditions may include
excessive exhaust backpressure from an overloaded particulate trap, or
running out of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) for engines that rely on urea-
based selective catalytic reduction. Your determination must be based on
an engineering evaluation or testing or both.
(c) You may need our advance approval for your EEFM, as follows:
(1) Where the proposed EEFM is identical to an AECD we approved
under this part for an engine family currently in production, no
approval of the proposed EEFM is necessary.
(2) Where the proposed EEFM is for an engine family currently in
production but the applicable demonstration is based on an AECD we
approved under this part for an engine family no longer in production,
you must describe to us how your proposed EEFM

[[Page 242]]

differs from the approved AECD. Unless we say otherwise, your proposed
EEFM is deemed approved 30 days after you notify us.
(3) If we have not approved an EEFM comparable to the one you are
proposing, you must get our approval before installing or distributing
it. In this case, we may request additional information to support your
determination under paragraph (b) of this section, as follows:
(i) If we request additional information and you do not provide it
within 30 days after we ask, we may deem that you have retracted your
request for our approval; however, we may extend this deadline for
submitting the additional information.
(ii) We will deny your request if we determine that the EEFM is not
necessary to prevent the equipment from losing speed, torque, or power
due abnormal conditions of the emission control system, or to prevent
such abnormal conditions from occurring, during operation related to
emergency response.
(iii) Unless we say otherwise, your proposed EEFM is deemed approved
30 days after we acknowledge that you have provided us with all the
additional information we have specified.
(4) If your proposed EEFM is deemed to be approved under paragraph
(c)(2) or (3) of this section and we find later that your EEFM in fact
does not meet the requirements of this section, we may require you to no
longer install or distribute it.

[77 FR 34147, Jun. 8, 2012]

Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 34147, June 8, 2012, Sec. 1039.670
was added, effective August 7, 2012.

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

Sec. 1039.701 General provisions.

(a) You may average, bank, and trade (ABT) emission credits for
purposes of certification as described in this subpart to show
compliance with the standards of this part. Participation in this
program is voluntary.
(b) Section 1039.740 restricts the use of emission credits to
certain averaging sets.
(c) The definitions of Subpart I of this part apply to this subpart.
The following definitions also apply:
(1) Actual emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have verified by reviewing your final report.
(2) Averaging set means a set of engines in which emission credits
may be exchanged only with other engines in the same averaging set.
(3) Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission
credits between a buyer and seller.
(4) Buyer means the entity that receives emission credits as a
result of a trade.
(5) Reserved emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have not yet verified by reviewing your final report.
(6) Seller means the entity that provides emission credits during a
trade.
(7) Standard means the emission standard that applies under subpart
B of this part for engines not participating in the ABT program of this
subpart.
(8) Trade means to exchange emission credits, either as a buyer or
seller.
(d) You may not use emission credits generated under this subpart to
offset any emissions that exceed an FEL or standard. This applies for
all testing, including certification testing, in-use testing, selective
enforcement audits, and other production-line testing. However, if
emissions from an engine exceed an FEL or standard (for example, during
a selective enforcement audit), you may use emission credits to
recertify the engine family with a higher FEL that applies only to
future production.
(e) Engine families that use emission credits for one or more
pollutants may not generate positive emission credits for another
pollutant.
(f) Emission credits may be used in the model year they are
generated or in future model years. Emission credits may not be used for
past model years.
(g) You may increase or decrease an FEL during the model year by
amending your application for certification under Sec. 1039.225. The
new FEL may apply only to engines you have not already introduced into
commerce. Each engine's emission control information

[[Page 243]]

label must include the applicable FELs.

Sec. 1039.705 How do I generate and calculate emission credits?

The provisions of this section apply separately for calculating
emission credits for NOX, NOX+NMHC, or PM.
(a) [Reserved]
(b) For each participating family, calculate positive or negative
emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission standard.
Calculate positive emission credits for a family that has an FEL below
the standard. Calculate negative emission credits for a family that has
an FEL above the standard. Sum your positive and negative credits for
the model year before rounding. Round the sum of emission credits to the
nearest kilogram (kg), using consistent units throughout the following
equation:

Emission credits (kg) = (Std - FEL) x (Volume) x (AvgPR) x (UL) x
(10^-3)

Where:

Std = the emission standard, in grams per kilowatt-hour, that applies
under subpart B of this part for engines not participating in the ABT
program of this subpart (the ``otherwise applicable standard'').
FEL = the family emission limit for the engine family, in grams per
kilowatt-hour.
Volume = the number of engines eligible to participate in the averaging,
banking, and trading program within the given engine family during the
model year, as described in paragraph (c) of this section.
AvgPR = the average maximum engine power of all the engine
configurations within an engine family, calculated on a sales-weighted
basis, in kilowatts.
UL = the useful life for the given engine family, in hours.

(c) In your application for certification, base your showing of
compliance on projected production volumes for engines whose point of
first retail sale is in the United States. As described in Sec.
1039.730, compliance with the requirements of this subpart is determined
at the end of the model year based on actual production volumes for
engines whose point of first retail sale is in the United States. Do not
include any of the following engines to calculate emission credits:
(1) Engines exempted under subpart G of this part or under 40 CFR
part 1068.
(2) Exported engines.
(3) Engines not subject to the requirements of this part, such as
those excluded under Sec. 1039.5.
(4) Engines in families that include only stationary engines, except
for engines in families certified to standards that are identical to
standards applicable under this part 1039 to nonroad engines of the same
type for the same model year.
(5) Any other engines, where we indicate elsewhere in this part 1039
that they are not to be included in the calculations of this subpart.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 71 FR 39185, July 11, 2006;
72 FR 53133, Sept. 18, 2007; 75 FR 22992, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.710 How do I average emission credits?

(a) Averaging is the exchange of emission credits among your engine
families. You may average emission credits only within the same
averaging set.
(b) You may certify one or more engine families to an FEL above the
applicable standard, subject to the FEL caps and other provisions in
subpart B of this part, if you show in your application for
certification that your projected balance of all emission-credit
transactions in that model year is greater than or equal to zero.
(c) If you certify an engine family to an FEL that exceeds the
otherwise applicable standard, you must obtain enough emission credits
to offset the engine family's deficit by the due date for the final
report required in Sec. 1039.730. The emission credits used to address
the deficit may come from your other engine families that generate
emission credits in the same model year, from emission credits you have
banked, or from emission credits you obtain through trading.

Sec. 1039.715 How do I bank emission credits?

[[Page 244]]

credits. During the model year and before the due date for the final
report, you may designate your reserved emission credits for averaging
or trading.
(c) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit
your final report. However, we may revoke these emission credits if we
are unable to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your
records.

[75 FR 22992, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.720 How do I trade emission credits?

(a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between
manufacturers. You may use traded emission credits for averaging,
banking, or further trading transactions. Traded emission credits may be
used only within the averaging set in which they were generated.
(b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this
subpart. You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may revoke
these emission credits based on our review of your records or reports or
those of the company with which you traded emission credits. You may
trade banked credits within an averaging set to any certifying
manufacturer.
(c) If a negative emission credit balance results from a
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we
deem to involve fraud. See Sec. 1039.255(e) for cases involving fraud.
We may void the certificates of all engine families participating in a
trade that results in a manufacturer having a negative balance of
emission credits. See Sec. 1039.745.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 75 FR 22992, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.725 What must I include in my application for certification?

(a) You must declare in your application for certification your
intent to use the provisions of this subpart for each engine family that
will be certified using the ABT program. You must also declare the FELs
you select for the engine family for each pollutant for which you are
using the ABT program. Your FELs must comply with the specifications of
subpart B of this part, including the FEL caps. FELs must be expressed
to the same number of decimal places as the applicable standards.
(b) Include the following in your application for certification:
(1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have
a negative balance of emission credits for any averaging set when all
emission credits are calculated at the end of the year.
(2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (positive or
negative) based on projected production volumes. We may require you to
include similar calculations from your other engine families to
demonstrate that you will be able to avoid a negative credit balance for
the model year. If you project negative emission credits for a family,
state the source of positive emission credits you expect to use to
offset the negative emission credits.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 75 FR 22992, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.730 What ABT reports must I send to EPA?

(a) If any of your engine families are certified using the ABT
provisions of this subpart, you must send an end-of-year report within
90 days after the end of the model year and a final report within 270
days after the end of the model year. We may waive the requirement to
send the end-of year report, as long as you send the final report on
time.
(b) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
information for each engine family participating in the ABT program:
(1) Engine-family designation.
(2) The emission standards that would otherwise apply to the engine
family.
(3) The FEL for each pollutant. If you change the FEL after the
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new
FEL and/or give the engine identification number for the first engine
covered by the new FEL. In this case, identify each applicable FEL and
calculate the positive or negative emission credits as specified in
Sec. 1039.225.
(4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for
the model year. If you changed an FEL

[[Page 245]]

during the model year, identify the actual production volume associated
with each FEL.
(5) Maximum engine power for each engine configuration, and the
average engine power weighted by U.S.-directed production volumes for
the engine family.
(6) Useful life.
(7) Calculated positive or negative emission credits for the whole
engine family. Identify any emission credits that you traded, as
described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(c) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
additional information:
(1) Show that your net balance of emission credits from all your
participating engine families in each averaging set in the applicable
model year is not negative.
(2) State whether you will reserve any emission credits for banking.
(3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
(d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within
90 days after the transaction, as follows:
(1) As the seller, you must include the following information in
your report:
(i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) The engine families that generated emission credits for the
trade, including the number of emission credits from each family.
(2) As the buyer, you must include the following information in your
report:
(i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the
number of emission credits you intend to apply to each engine family (if
known).
(e) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(f) Correct errors in your end-of-year report or final report as
follows:
(1) You may correct any errors in your end-of-year report when you
prepare the final report, as long as you send us the final report by the
time it is due.
(2) If you or we determine within 270 days after the end of the
model year that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission
credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of
emission credits. You may not make these corrections for errors that are
determined more than 270 days after the end of the model year. If you
report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow
corrections under this paragraph (f)(2).
(3) If you or we determine anytime that errors mistakenly increased
your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors and
recalculate the balance of emission credits.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 72 FR 53133, Sept. 18, 2007;
75 FR 22992, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.735 What records must I keep?

(a) You must organize and maintain your records as described in this
section. We may review your records at any time.
(b) Keep the records required by this section for at least eight
years after the due date for the end-of-year report. You may not use
emission credits for any engines if you do not keep all the records
required under this section. You must therefore keep these records to
continue to bank valid credits. Store these records in any format and on
any media, as long as you can promptly send us organized, written
records in English if we ask for them. You must keep these records
readily available. We may review them at any time.
(c) Keep a copy of the reports we require in Sec. 1039.725 and
Sec. 1039.730.
(d) Keep records of the engine identification number for each engine
you produce that generates or uses emission credits under the ABT
program. You may identify these numbers as a range. If you change the
FEL after the start of production, identify the date you started using
each FEL and the range of engine identification numbers associated with
each FEL. You must also identify the purchaser and destination for each
engine you produce to

[[Page 246]]

the extent this information is available.
(e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us
relevant information not required by this section in accordance with the
Clean Air Act.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 72 FR 53133, Sept. 18, 2007;
75 FR 22993, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1039.740 What restrictions apply for using emission credits?

The following restrictions apply for using emission credits:
(a) Averaging sets. Emission credits may be exchanged only within an
averaging set. For Tier 4 engines, there are two averaging sets--one for
engines at or below 560 kW and another for engines above 560 kW.
(b) Emission credits from earlier tiers of standards. (1) For
purposes of ABT under this subpart, you may not use emission credits
generated from engines subject to emission standards under 40 CFR part
89, except as specified in Sec. 1039.102(d)(1) or the following table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
And it was Then you may use
If the maximum power of the certified to the those banked
credit-generating engine is . . following credits for the
. standards under 40 following Tier 4
CFR part 89 . . . engines . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) kW < 19.................... Tier 2............ kW < 19
(ii) 19 <= kW < 37............. Tier 2............ kW = 19
(iii) 37 <= kW <= 560.......... Tier 3............ kW = 19
(iv) kW 560........ Tier 2............ kW = 19
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) Emission credits generated from marine engines certified under
the provisions of 40 CFR part 89 may not be used under this part.
(3) See 40 CFR part 89 for other restrictions that may apply for
using emission credits generated under that part.
(4) If the maximum power of an engine generating credits under the
Tier 2 standards in 40 CFR part 89 is at or above 37 kW and below 75 kW,
you may use those credits for certifying engines under the Option
1 standards in Sec. 1039.102.
(c) NOX and NOX+NMHC emission credits. You may use NOX
emission credits without adjustment to show compliance with
NOX+NMHC standards. You may use NOX+NMHC emission
credits to show compliance with NOX standards, but you must
adjust the NOX+NMHC emission credits downward by twenty
percent when you use them, as shown in the following equation:

NOX emission credits = (0.8) x (NOX+NMHC emission
credits).

(d) Other restrictions. Other sections of this part specify
additional restrictions for using emission credits under certain special
provisions.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40464, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1039.745 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this

subpart?

(a) For each engine family participating in the ABT program, the
certificate of conformity is conditional upon full compliance with the
provisions of this subpart during and after the model year. You are
responsible to establish to our satisfaction that you fully comply with
applicable requirements. We may void the certificate of conformity for
an engine family if you fail to comply with any provisions of this
subpart.
(b) You may certify your engine family to an FEL above an applicable
standard based on a projection that you will have enough emission
credits to offset the deficit for the engine family. However, we may
void the certificate of conformity if you cannot show in your final
report that you have enough actual emission credits to offset a deficit
for any pollutant in an engine family.
(c) We may void the certificate of conformity for an engine family
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information we
request.
(d) You may ask for a hearing if we void your certificate under this
section (see Sec. 1039.820).

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1039.801 What definitions apply to this part?

[[Page 247]]

Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design
that someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access)
and that, if adjusted, may affect emissions or engine performance during
emission testing or normal in-use operation. This includes, but is not
limited to, parameters related to injection timing and fueling rate. You
may ask us to exclude a parameter that is difficult to access if it
cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without significantly degrading
engine performance, or if you otherwise show us that it will not be
adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in-use operation.
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream
of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to
decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the
environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) and turbochargers are not
aftertreatment.
Aircraft means any vehicle capable of sustained air travel above
treetop heights.
Alcohol-fueled engine means an engine that is designed to run using
an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do not
include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below 25 percent by volume.
Amphibious vehicle means a vehicle with wheels or tracks that is
designed primarily for operation on land and secondarily for operation
in water.
Auxiliary emission-control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or any
other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission-control system.
Brake power means the usable power output of the engine, not
including power required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine,
circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment devices.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year as described in Sec. 1039.235(d).
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in an engine family for a given pollutant from either transient or
steady-state testing.
Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine.
Constant-speed engine means an engine whose certification is limited
to constant-speed operation. Engines whose constant-speed governor
function is removed or disabled are no longer constant-speed engines.
Constant-speed operation has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and
other related internal parts.
Critical emission-related component means any of the following
components:
(1) Electronic control units, aftertreatment devices, fuel-metering
components, EGR-system components, crankcase-ventilation valves, all
components related to charge-air compression and cooling, and all
sensors and actuators associated with any of these components.
(2) Any other component whose primary purpose is to reduce
emissions.
Date of manufacture has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy-Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement
Division (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection

[[Page 248]]

Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data engine.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the
end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point, expressed
in one of the following ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions
at the end of useful life to emissions at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test
point.
Discrete-mode means relating to the discrete-mode type of steady-
state test described in Sec. 1039.505.
Emission-control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants
from an engine.
Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for
certification. This includes engines tested to establish deterioration
factors.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware
and calibration within an engine family. Engines within a single engine
configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability
or factors unrelated to emissions.
Engine family has the meaning given in Sec. 1039.230.
Engine manufacturer means the manufacturer of the engine. See the
definition of ``manufacturer'' in this section.
Engine used in a locomotive means either an engine placed in the
locomotive to move other equipment, freight, or passenger traffic; or an
engine mounted on the locomotive to provide auxiliary power.
Equipment manufacturer means a manufacturer of nonroad equipment.
All nonroad equipment manufacturing entities under the control of the
same person are considered to be a single nonroad equipment
manufacturer. (Note: In Sec. 1039.626, the term ``equipment
manufacturer'' has a narrower meaning, which applies only to that
section.)
Excluded means relating to an engine that either:
(1) Has been determined not to be a nonroad engine, as specified in
40 CFR 1068.30; or
(2) Is a nonroad engine that, according to Sec. 1039.5, is not
subject to this part 1039.
Exempted has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Exhaust-gas recirculation means a technology that reduces emissions
by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion
chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or
during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of
residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with
incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust-gas
recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission
standard under the ABT program in subpart H of this part. The family
emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as
the emission standard it replaces. The family emission limit serves as
the emission standard for the engine family with respect to all required
testing.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering,
and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s),
including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel
lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system
vents.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as diesel fuel or
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type,
such as high-sulfur or low-sulfur diesel fuel.
Generator-set engine means an engine used primarily to operate an
electrical generator or alternator to produce electric power for other
applications.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1068.30.
See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative

[[Page 249]]

process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment.
High-sulfur diesel fuel means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, high-sulfur diesel fuel means a diesel fuel
with a maximum sulfur concentration greater than 500 parts per million.
(2) For testing, high-sulfur diesel fuel has the meaning we give in
40 CFR part 1065.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type. For alcohol-fueled engines, HC
means total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE). For all other engines, HC
means nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC).
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular engine from other similar engines.
Intermediate test speed has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Low-hour means relating to an engine with stabilized emissions and
represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally
involve less than 300 hours of operation.
Low-sulfur diesel fuel means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, low-sulfur diesel fuel means a diesel fuel
with a maximum sulfur concentration of 500 parts per million.
(2) For testing, low-sulfur diesel fuel has the meaning we give in
40 CFR part 1065.
Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing,
constructing, and assembling a nonroad engine or a piece of nonroad
equipment.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures an engine,
vehicle, or piece of equipment for sale in the United States or
otherwise introduces a new nonroad engine into commerce in the United
States. This includes importers who import engines, equipment, or
vehicles for resale. (Note: In Sec. 1039.626, the term ``equipment
manufacturer'' has a narrower meaning, which applies only to that
section.)
Marine engine means a nonroad engine that is installed or intended
to be installed on a marine vessel. This includes a portable auxiliary
marine engine only if its fueling, cooling, or exhaust system is an
integral part of the vessel. There are two kinds of marine engines:
(1) Propulsion marine engine means a marine engine that moves a
vessel through the water or directs the vessel's movement.
(2) Auxiliary marine engine means a marine engine not used for
propulsion.
Marine vessel has the meaning given in 1 U.S.C. 3, except that it
does not include amphibious vehicles. The definition in 1 U.S.C. 3 very
broadly includes every craft capable of being used as a means of
transportation on water.
Maximum engine power has the meaning given in Sec. 1039.140. Note
that Sec. 1039.230 generally disallows grouping engines from different
power categories in the same engine family.
Maximum test speed has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Maximum test torque has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Model year means one of the following things:
(1) For freshly manufactured equipment and engines (see definition
of ``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (1)), model year means one of the
following:
(i) Calendar year.
(ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different than
the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar year for
which the model year is named. It may not begin before January 2 of the
previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the named
calendar year.
(2) For an engine that is converted to a nonroad engine after being
placed into service as a stationary engine, or being certified and
placed into service as a motor vehicle engine, model year means the
calendar year in which the engine was originally produced. For a motor
vehicle engine that is converted to be a nonroad engine without having
been certified, model year means the calendar year in which the engine
becomes a new nonroad engine. (See definition of ``new nonroad engine,''
paragraph (2).)

[[Page 250]]

(3) For a nonroad engine excluded under Sec. 1039.5 that is later
converted to operate in an application that is not excluded, model year
means the calendar year in which the engine was originally produced (see
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (3)).
(4) For engines that are not freshly manufactured but are installed
in new nonroad equipment, model year means the calendar year in which
the engine is installed in the new nonroad equipment (see definition of
``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (4)).
(5) For imported engines:
(i) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(i) of the
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year has the meaning given
in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition.
(ii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(ii) of the
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year has the meaning given
in 40 CFR 89.602 for independent commercial importers.
(iii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(iii) of the
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year means the calendar year
in which the engine is first assembled in its imported configuration,
unless specified otherwise in this part or in 40 CFR part 1068.
Motor vehicle has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 85.1703(a).
New nonroad engine means any of the following things:
(1) A freshly manufactured nonroad engine for which the ultimate
purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title. This kind of
engine might commonly be thought of as ``brand new.'' In the case of
this paragraph (1), the engine is new from the time it is produced until
the ultimate purchaser receives the title or the product is placed into
service, whichever comes first.
(2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine or a
stationary engine that is later used or intended to be used in a piece
of nonroad equipment. In this case, the engine is no longer a motor
vehicle or stationary engine and becomes a ``new nonroad engine.'' The
engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service. This
paragraph (2) applies if a motor vehicle engine or a stationary engine
is installed in nonroad equipment, or if a motor vehicle or a piece of
stationary equipment is modified (or moved) to become nonroad equipment.
(3) A nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service in
an application we exclude under Sec. 1039.5, when that engine is
installed in a piece of equipment that is covered by this part 1039. The
engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service covered
by this part 1039. For example, this would apply to marine diesel engine
that is no longer used in a marine vessel but is instead installed in a
piece of nonroad equipment subject to the provisions of this part.
(4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this
definition that is intended to be installed in new nonroad equipment.
This generally includes installation of used engines in new equipment.
The engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title
for the equipment or the product is placed into service, whichever comes
first.
(5) An imported nonroad engine, subject to the following provisions:
(i) An imported nonroad engine covered by a certificate of
conformity issued under this part that meets the criteria of one or more
of paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition, where the original
engine manufacturer holds the certificate, is new as defined by those
applicable paragraphs.
(ii) An imported engine covered by a certificate of conformity
issued under this part, where someone other than the original engine
manufacturer holds the certificate (such as when the engine is modified
after its initial assembly), is a new nonroad engine when it is
imported. It is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a
title for the engine or it is placed into service, whichever comes
first.
(iii) An imported nonroad engine that is not covered by a
certificate of conformity issued under this part at the time of
importation is new, but only if it was produced on or after the dates
shown in the following table. This addresses uncertified engines and
equipment initially placed into service that someone seeks to import
into the United States. Importation of this kind

[[Page 251]]

of engine (or equipment containing such an engine) is generally
prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068. However, the importation of such an
engine is not prohibited if the engine has an earlier model year than
that identified in the following table:

Applicability of Emission Standards for Nonroad Diesel Engines
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Initial date of emission
Maximum engine power standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19................................ January 1, 2000.
19 <= kW < 37.......................... January 1, 1999.
37 <= kW < 75.......................... January 1, 1998.
75 <= kW < 130......................... January 1, 1997.
130 <= kW <= 560....................... January 1, 1996.
kW 560..................... January 1, 2000.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

New nonroad equipment means either of the following things:
(1) A nonroad piece of equipment for which the ultimate purchaser
has never received the equitable or legal title. The product is no
longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives this title or the
product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An imported nonroad piece of equipment with an engine not
covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part at the
time of importation and manufactured after the requirements of this part
start to apply (see Sec. 1039.1).
Noncommercial fuel means a combustible product that is not marketed
as a commercial fuel, but is used as a fuel for nonroad engines. For
example, this includes methane that is produced and released from
landfills or oil wells, or similar unprocessed fuels that are not
intended to meet any otherwise applicable fuel specifications. See Sec.
1039.615 for provisions related to engines designed to burn
noncommercial fuels.
Noncompliant engine means an engine that was originally covered by a
certificate of conformity, but is not in the certified configuration or
otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming engine means an engine not covered by a certificate of
conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) means the sum of all hydrocarbon
species except methane. Refer to 40 CFR 1065.660 for NMHC determination.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines or equipment that includes
nonroad engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general
this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle engines,
stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used
in aircraft. This part does not apply to all nonroad engines (see Sec.
1039.5).
Nonroad equipment means a piece of equipment that is powered by one
or more nonroad engines.
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data engine on a given duty cycle before the application of any
deterioration factor, but after the applicability of regeneration
adjustment factors.
Opacity means the fraction of a beam of light, expressed in percent,
which fails to penetrate a plume of smoke, as measured by the procedure
specified in Sec. 1039.501.
Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared
by the engine manufacturer for the owner or operator to describe
appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other
information related to operating or keeping the engine. The owners
manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of
sale.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Particulate trap means a filtering device that is designed to
physically trap all particulate matter above a certain size.
Piece of equipment means any vehicle, vessel, or other type of
equipment using engines to which this part applies.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose.
Point of first retail sale means the location at which the initial
retail sale occurs. This generally means an equipment dealership, but
may also include an engine seller or distributor in cases where loose
engines are sold to the general public for uses such as replacement
engines.
Power category means a specific range of maximum engine power that
defines the applicability of standards. For example, references to the
56-130 kW

[[Page 252]]

power category and 56 <= kW < 130 include all engines with maximum
engine power at or above 56 kW but below 130 kW. Also references to 56-
560 kW power categories or 56 <= kW <= 560 include all engines with
maximum engine power at or above 56 kW but at or below 560 kW, even
though these engines span multiple power categories. Note that in some
cases, FEL caps are based on a subset of a power category. The power
categories are defined as follows:
(1) Engines with maximum power below 19 kW.
(2) Engines with maximum power at or above 19 kW but below 56 kW.
(3) Engines with maximum power at or above 56 kW but below 130 kW.
(4) Engines with maximum power at or above 130 kW but at or below
560 kW.
(5) Engines with maximum power above 560 kW.
Ramped-modal means relating to the ramped-modal type of steady-state
test described in Sec. 1039.505.
Rated speed means the maximum full-load governed speed for governed
engines and the speed of maximum power for ungoverned engines.
Revoke has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically
to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing
prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to
correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic
maintenance is not appropriate.
Small-volume engine manufacturer means a small business engine
manufacturer that had engine families certified to meet the requirements
of 40 CFR part 89 before 2003 (40 CFR part 89, revised as of July 1,
2002), had annual U.S.-directed production of no more than 2,500 units
in 2002 and all earlier calendar years, and has 1000 or fewer employees.
For manufacturers owned by a parent company, the production limit
applies to the production of the parent company and all its subsidiaries
and the employee limit applies to the total number of employees of the
parent company and all its subsidiaries.
Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Steady-state has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Sulfur-sensitive technology means an emission-control technology
that experiences a significant drop in emission-control performance or
emission-system durability when an engine is operated on low-sulfur fuel
(i.e., fuel with a sulfur concentration of 300 to 500 ppm) as compared
to when it is operated on ultra low-sulfur fuel (i.e., fuel with a
sulfur concentration less than 15 ppm). Exhaust-gas recirculation is not
a sulfur-sensitive technology.
Suspend has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an engine family for emission testing. This may include
testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
Tier 1 means relating to the Tier 1 emission standards, as shown in
40 CFR 89.112.
Tier 2 means relating to the Tier 2 emission standards, as shown in
40 CFR 89.112.
Tier 3 means relating to the Tier 3 emission standards, as shown in
40 CFR 89.112.
Tier 4 means relating to the Tier 4 emission standards, as shown in
Sec. 1039.101 and Sec. 1039.102. This includes the emission standards
that are shown in Sec. 1039.101 and Sec. 1039.102 that are unchanged
from Tier 2 or Tier 3 emission standards.
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the
specified procedure for measuring total

[[Page 253]]

hydrocarbon, expressed as a hydrocarbon with an atomic hydrogen-to-
carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR
1065.1001. This generally means the sum of the carbon mass contributions
of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic
compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample,
expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled engines. The
atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new nonroad equipment
or new nonroad engine, the first person who in good faith purchases such
new nonroad equipment or new nonroad engine for purposes other than
resale.
Ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel means a diesel
fuel with a maximum sulfur concentration of 15 parts per million.
(2) For testing, ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel has the meaning we
give in 40 CFR part 1065.
United States has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Upcoming model year means for an engine family the model year after
the one currently in production.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engine units,
subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for
which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will
be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States.
Useful life means the period during which the engine is designed to
properly function in terms of reliability and fuel consumption, without
being remanufactured, specified as a number of hours of operation or
calendar years, whichever comes first. It is the period during which a
nonroad engine is required to comply with all applicable emission
standards. See Sec. 1039.101(g).
Variable-speed engine means an engine that is not a constant-speed
engine.
Void has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel
that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor Pressure
higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40464, July 13, 2005;
72 FR 53133, Sept. 18, 2007; 73 FR 59192, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 22993,
Apr. 30, 2010]

Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 34147, June 8, 2012, Sec. 1039.801
was amended by adding definitions for ``Diesel exhaust fluid'' and
``Emergency equipment'' to read as follows:, effective August 7, 2012.
For the convenience of the user, the added text is set forth as follows:

Sec. 1039.801 What definitions apply to this part?

* * * * *

Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) means a liquid compound used in
conjunction with selective catalytic reduction to reduce NOX
emissions. Diesel exhaust fluid is generally understood to conform to
the specifications of ISO 22241.

* * * * *

Emergency equipment means either of the following types of
equipment:
(1) Specialized vehicles used to perform aircraft rescue and fire-
fighting functions at airports, with particular emphasis on saving lives
and reducing injuries coincident with aircraft fires following impact or
aircraft ground fires.
(2) Wildland fire apparatus, which includes any apparatus equipped
with a slip-on fire-fighting module, designed primarily to support
wildland fire suppression operations.

* * * * *

Sec. 1039.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4 methane.
CO carbon monoxide.
CO2 carbon dioxide.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
FEL Family Emission Limit.
g/kW-hr grams per kilowatt-hour.
HC hydrocarbon.
kW kilowatts.
N2O nitrous oxide.
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons.
NOX oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2).

[[Page 254]]

NTE not-to-exceed
PM particulate matter.
rpm revolutions per minute.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
SEA Selective enforcement audit.
THC total hydrocarbon.
THCE total hydrocarbon equivalent.
TRU transportation refrigeration unit.
U.S.C. United States Code.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 74 FR 56509, Oct. 30, 2009]

Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 34148, June 8, 2012, Sec. 1039.805
was amended by adding abbreviations for ``DEF'', ``EEFM'', ``ISO'', and
``SCR'' to read as follows:, effective August 7, 2012. For the
convenience of the user, the added text is set forth as follows:

Sec. 1039.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part

use?

* * * * *

DEF Diesel exhaust fluid.
EEFM Emergency equipment field modification.

* * * * *

ISO International Organization for Standardization (see www.iso.org).

* * * * *

SCR Selective catalytic reduction.

* * * * *

Sec. 1039.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?

Sec. 1039.820 How do I request a hearing?

Sec. 1039.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this

part?

[[Page 255]]

(b) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1065:
(1) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting
information.
(2) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
(3) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing test
information.
(4) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify data that may be appropriate for
collecting during testing of in-use engines using portable analyzers.
(c) We specify the following requirements related to the general
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
(1) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
(2) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information.
(3) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require equipment manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
(5) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to
rebuilding engines.
(6) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.
(7) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing engines.
(8) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement
audit.
(9) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
(10) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming engines.

[72 FR 53134, Sept. 18, 2007]

Sec. Appendix I to Part 1039 [Reserved]

Sec. Appendix II to Part 1039--Steady-State Duty Cycles

(a) The following duty cycles apply for constant-speed engines:
(1) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque Weighting
D2 mode number Engine speed (percent) \1\ factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................... Engine governed.................... 100 0.05
2.......................................... Engine governed.................... 75 0.25
3.......................................... Engine governed.................... 50 0.30
4.......................................... Engine governed.................... 25 0.30
5.......................................... Engine governed.................... 10 0.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The percent torque is relative to maximum test torque.

(2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode
RMC mode (seconds) Engine speed Torque (percent) 1, 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state.................... 53 Engine governed............ 100.
1b Transition...................... 20 Engine governed............ Linear transition.
2a Steady-state.................... 101 Engine governed............ 10.
2b Transition...................... 20 Engine governed............ Linear transition.
3a Steady-state.................... 277 Engine governed............ 75.
3b Transition...................... 20 Engine governed............ Linear transition.
4a Steady-state.................... 339 Engine governed............ 25.
4b Transition...................... 20 Engine governed............ Linear transition.
5 Steady-state..................... 350 Engine governed............ 50.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The percent torque is relative to maximum test torque.
\2\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.

[[Page 256]]

(b) The following duty cycles apply for variable-speed engines with
maximum engine power below 19 kW:
(1) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque Weighting
G2 mode number Engine speed \1\ (percent) \2\ factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 100 0.09
2.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 75 0.20
3.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 50 0.29
4.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 25 0.30
5.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 10 0.07
6.......................................... Warm idle.......................... 0 0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded test speed.

(2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode
RMC mode (seconds) Engine speed 1, 3 Torque (percent) 2, 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state.................... 41 Warm idle.................. 0.
1b Transition...................... 20 Linear transition.......... Linear transition.
2a Steady-state.................... 135 Maximum test speed......... 100.
2b Transition...................... 20 Maximum test speed......... Linear transition.
3a Steady-state.................... 112 Maximum test speed......... 10.
3b Transition...................... 20 Maximum test speed......... Linear transition.
4a Steady-state.................... 337 Maximum test speed......... 75.
4b Transition...................... 20 Maximum test speed......... Linear transition.
5a Steady-state.................... 518 Maximum test speed......... 25.
5b Transition...................... 20 Maximum test speed......... Linear transition.
6a Steady-state.................... 494 Maximum test speed......... 50.
6b Transition...................... 20 Linear transition.......... Linear transition.
7 Steady-state..................... 43 Warm idle.................. 0.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed.
\3\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and
simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting.

(c) The following duty cycles apply for variable-speed engines with
maximum engine power at or above 19 kW:
(1) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque Weighting
C1 mode number Engine speed \1\ (percent) \2\ factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 100 0.15
2.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 75 0.15
3.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 50 0.15
4.......................................... Maximum test speed................. 10 0.10
5.......................................... Intermediate test speed............ 100 0.10
6.......................................... Intermediate test speed............ 75 0.10
7.......................................... Intermediate test speed............ 50 0.10
8.......................................... Warm idle.......................... 0 0.15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded test speed.

(2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

[[Page 257]]

3b Transition...................... 20 Intermediate Speed......... Linear Transition.
4a Steady-state.................... 162 Intermediate Speed......... 75.
4b Transition...................... 20 Linear Transition.......... Linear Transition.
5a Steady-state.................... 246 Maximum Test Speed......... 100.
5b Transition...................... 20 Maximum Test Speed......... Linear Transition.
6a Steady-state.................... 164 Maximum Test Speed......... 10.
6b Transition...................... 20 Maximum Test Speed......... Linear Transition.
7a Steady-state.................... 248 Maximum Test Speed......... 75.
7b Transition...................... 20 Maximum Test Speed......... Linear Transition.
8a Steady-state.................... 247 Maximum Test Speed......... 50.
8b Transition...................... 20 Linear Transition.......... Linear Transition.
9 Steady-state..................... 128 Warm Idle.................. 0.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed.
\3\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and
simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 37241, June 30, 2008]

Sec. Appendix V to Part 1039 [Reserved]

Sec. Appendix VI to Part 1039--Nonroad Compression-ignition Composite

Transient Cycle

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Normalized
Normalized torque
Time(s) speed (percent)
(percent) \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............................................. 0 0
2............................................. 0 0
3............................................. 0 0
4............................................. 0 0
5............................................. 0 0
6............................................. 0 0
7............................................. 0 0
8............................................. 0 0
9............................................. 0 0
10............................................ 0 0
11............................................ 0 0
12............................................ 0 0
13............................................ 0 0
14............................................ 0 0
15............................................ 0 0
16............................................ 0 0
17............................................ 0 0
18............................................ 0 0
19............................................ 0 0
20............................................ 0 0
21............................................ 0 0
22............................................ 0 0
23............................................ 0 0
24............................................ 1 3
25............................................ 1 3
26............................................ 1 3
27............................................ 1 3
28............................................ 1 3
29............................................ 1 3
30............................................ 1 6
31............................................ 1 6
32............................................ 2 1
33............................................ 4 13
34............................................ 7 18
35............................................ 9 21
36............................................ 17 20
37............................................ 33 42
38............................................ 57 46
39............................................ 44 33
40............................................ 31 0
41............................................ 22 27
42............................................ 33 43
43............................................ 80 49
44............................................ 105 47
45............................................ 98 70
46............................................ 104 36
47............................................ 104 65
48............................................ 96 71
49............................................ 101 62
50............................................ 102 51
51............................................ 102 50
52............................................ 102 46
53............................................ 102 41
54............................................ 102 31
55............................................ 89 2
56............................................ 82 0
57............................................ 47 1
58............................................ 23 1
59............................................ 1 3
60............................................ 1 8
61............................................ 1 3
62............................................ 1 5
63............................................ 1 6
64............................................ 1 4
65............................................ 1 4
66............................................ 0 6
67............................................ 1 4
68............................................ 9 21
69............................................ 25 56
70............................................ 64 26
71............................................ 60 31
72............................................ 63 20
73............................................ 62 24
74............................................ 64 8
75............................................ 58 44
76............................................ 65 10
77............................................ 65 12
78............................................ 68 23
79............................................ 69 30
80............................................ 71 30
81............................................ 74 15
82............................................ 71 23
83............................................ 73 20
84............................................ 73 21
85............................................ 73 19
86............................................ 70 33
87............................................ 70 34
88............................................ 65 47
89............................................ 66 47
90............................................ 64 53

[[Page 258]]

91............................................ 65 45
92............................................ 66 38
93............................................ 67 49
94............................................ 69 39
95............................................ 69 39
96............................................ 66 42
97............................................ 71 29
98............................................ 75 29
99............................................ 72 23
100........................................... 74 22
101........................................... 75 24
102........................................... 73 30
103........................................... 74 24
104........................................... 77 6
105........................................... 76 12
106........................................... 74 39
107........................................... 72 30
108........................................... 75 22
109........................................... 78 64
110........................................... 102 34
111........................................... 103 28
112........................................... 103 28
113........................................... 103 19
114........................................... 103 32
115........................................... 104 25
116........................................... 103 38
117........................................... 103 39
118........................................... 103 34
119........................................... 102 44
120........................................... 103 38
121........................................... 102 43
122........................................... 103 34
123........................................... 102 41
124........................................... 103 44
125........................................... 103 37
126........................................... 103 27
127........................................... 104 13
128........................................... 104 30
129........................................... 104 19
130........................................... 103 28
131........................................... 104 40
132........................................... 104 32
133........................................... 101 63
134........................................... 102 54
135........................................... 102 52
136........................................... 102 51
137........................................... 103 40
138........................................... 104 34
139........................................... 102 36
140........................................... 104 44
141........................................... 103 44
142........................................... 104 33
143........................................... 102 27
144........................................... 103 26
145........................................... 79 53
146........................................... 51 37
147........................................... 24 23
148........................................... 13 33
149........................................... 19 55
150........................................... 45 30
151........................................... 34 7
152........................................... 14 4
153........................................... 8 16
154........................................... 15 6
155........................................... 39 47
156........................................... 39 4
157........................................... 35 26
158........................................... 27 38
159........................................... 43 40
160........................................... 14 23
161........................................... 10 10
162........................................... 15 33
163........................................... 35 72
164........................................... 60 39
165........................................... 55 31
166........................................... 47 30
167........................................... 16 7
168........................................... 0 6
169........................................... 0 8
170........................................... 0 8
171........................................... 0 2
172........................................... 2 17
173........................................... 10 28
174........................................... 28 31
175........................................... 33 30
176........................................... 36 0
177........................................... 19 10
178........................................... 1 18
179........................................... 0 16
180........................................... 1 3
181........................................... 1 4
182........................................... 1 5
183........................................... 1 6
184........................................... 1 5
185........................................... 1 3
186........................................... 1 4
187........................................... 1 4
188........................................... 1 6
189........................................... 8 18
190........................................... 20 51
191........................................... 49 19
192........................................... 41 13
193........................................... 31 16
194........................................... 28 21
195........................................... 21 17
196........................................... 31 21
197........................................... 21 8
198........................................... 0 14
199........................................... 0 12
200........................................... 3 8
201........................................... 3 22
202........................................... 12 20
203........................................... 14 20
204........................................... 16 17
205........................................... 20 18
206........................................... 27 34
207........................................... 32 33
208........................................... 41 31
209........................................... 43 31
210........................................... 37 33
211........................................... 26 18
212........................................... 18 29
213........................................... 14 51
214........................................... 13 11
215........................................... 12 9
216........................................... 15 33
217........................................... 20 25
218........................................... 25 17
219........................................... 31 29
220........................................... 36 66
221........................................... 66 40
222........................................... 50 13
223........................................... 16 24
224........................................... 26 50
225........................................... 64 23
226........................................... 81 20
227........................................... 83 11
228........................................... 79 23
229........................................... 76 31
230........................................... 68 24
231........................................... 59 33
232........................................... 59 3
233........................................... 25 7
234........................................... 21 10

[[Page 259]]

235........................................... 20 19
236........................................... 4 10
237........................................... 5 7
238........................................... 4 5
239........................................... 4 6
240........................................... 4 6
241........................................... 4 5
242........................................... 7 5
243........................................... 16 28
244........................................... 28 25
245........................................... 52 53
246........................................... 50 8
247........................................... 26 40
248........................................... 48 29
249........................................... 54 39
250........................................... 60 42
251........................................... 48 18
252........................................... 54 51
253........................................... 88 90
254........................................... 103 84
255........................................... 103 85
256........................................... 102 84
257........................................... 58 66
258........................................... 64 97
259........................................... 56 80
260........................................... 51 67
261........................................... 52 96
262........................................... 63 62
263........................................... 71 6
264........................................... 33 16
265........................................... 47 45
266........................................... 43 56
267........................................... 42 27
268........................................... 42 64
269........................................... 75 74
270........................................... 68 96
271........................................... 86 61
272........................................... 66 0
273........................................... 37 0
274........................................... 45 37
275........................................... 68 96
276........................................... 80 97
277........................................... 92 96
278........................................... 90 97
279........................................... 82 96
280........................................... 94 81
281........................................... 90 85
282........................................... 96 65
283........................................... 70 96
284........................................... 55 95
285........................................... 70 96
286........................................... 79 96
287........................................... 81 71
288........................................... 71 60
289........................................... 92 65
290........................................... 82 63
291........................................... 61 47
292........................................... 52 37
293........................................... 24 0
294........................................... 20 7
295........................................... 39 48
296........................................... 39 54
297........................................... 63 58
298........................................... 53 31
299........................................... 51 24
300........................................... 48 40
301........................................... 39 0
302........................................... 35 18
303........................................... 36 16
304........................................... 29 17
305........................................... 28 21
306........................................... 31 15
307........................................... 31 10
308........................................... 43 19
309........................................... 49 63
310........................................... 78 61
311........................................... 78 46
312........................................... 66 65
313........................................... 78 97
314........................................... 84 63
315........................................... 57 26
316........................................... 36 22
317........................................... 20 34
318........................................... 19 8
319........................................... 9 10
320........................................... 5 5
321........................................... 7 11
322........................................... 15 15
323........................................... 12 9
324........................................... 13 27
325........................................... 15 28
326........................................... 16 28
327........................................... 16 31
328........................................... 15 20
329........................................... 17 0
330........................................... 20 34
331........................................... 21 25
332........................................... 20 0
333........................................... 23 25
334........................................... 30 58
335........................................... 63 96
336........................................... 83 60
337........................................... 61 0
338........................................... 26 0
339........................................... 29 44
340........................................... 68 97
341........................................... 80 97
342........................................... 88 97
343........................................... 99 88
344........................................... 102 86
345........................................... 100 82
346........................................... 74 79
347........................................... 57 79
348........................................... 76 97
349........................................... 84 97
350........................................... 86 97
351........................................... 81 98
352........................................... 83 83
353........................................... 65 96
354........................................... 93 72
355........................................... 63 60
356........................................... 72 49
357........................................... 56 27
358........................................... 29 0
359........................................... 18 13
360........................................... 25 11
361........................................... 28 24
362........................................... 34 53
363........................................... 65 83
364........................................... 80 44
365........................................... 77 46
366........................................... 76 50
367........................................... 45 52
368........................................... 61 98
369........................................... 61 69
370........................................... 63 49
371........................................... 32 0
372........................................... 10 8
373........................................... 17 7
374........................................... 16 13
375........................................... 11 6
376........................................... 9 5
377........................................... 9 12
378........................................... 12 46

[[Page 260]]

379........................................... 15 30
380........................................... 26 28
381........................................... 13 9
382........................................... 16 21
383........................................... 24 4
384........................................... 36 43
385........................................... 65 85
386........................................... 78 66
387........................................... 63 39
388........................................... 32 34
389........................................... 46 55
390........................................... 47 42
391........................................... 42 39
392........................................... 27 0
393........................................... 14 5
394........................................... 14 14
395........................................... 24 54
396........................................... 60 90
397........................................... 53 66
398........................................... 70 48
399........................................... 77 93
400........................................... 79 67
401........................................... 46 65
402........................................... 69 98
403........................................... 80 97
404........................................... 74 97
405........................................... 75 98
406........................................... 56 61
407........................................... 42 0
408........................................... 36 32
409........................................... 34 43
410........................................... 68 83
411........................................... 102 48
412........................................... 62 0
413........................................... 41 39
414........................................... 71 86
415........................................... 91 52
416........................................... 89 55
417........................................... 89 56
418........................................... 88 58
419........................................... 78 69
420........................................... 98 39
421........................................... 64 61
422........................................... 90 34
423........................................... 88 38
424........................................... 97 62
425........................................... 100 53
426........................................... 81 58
427........................................... 74 51
428........................................... 76 57
429........................................... 76 72
430........................................... 85 72
431........................................... 84 60
432........................................... 83 72
433........................................... 83 72
434........................................... 86 72
435........................................... 89 72
436........................................... 86 72
437........................................... 87 72
438........................................... 88 72
439........................................... 88 71
440........................................... 87 72
441........................................... 85 71
442........................................... 88 72
443........................................... 88 72
444........................................... 84 72
445........................................... 83 73
446........................................... 77 73
447........................................... 74 73
448........................................... 76 72
449........................................... 46 77
450........................................... 78 62
451........................................... 79 35
452........................................... 82 38
453........................................... 81 41
454........................................... 79 37
455........................................... 78 35
456........................................... 78 38
457........................................... 78 46
458........................................... 75 49
459........................................... 73 50
460........................................... 79 58
461........................................... 79 71
462........................................... 83 44
463........................................... 53 48
464........................................... 40 48
465........................................... 51 75
466........................................... 75 72
467........................................... 89 67
468........................................... 93 60
469........................................... 89 73
470........................................... 86 73
471........................................... 81 73
472........................................... 78 73
473........................................... 78 73
474........................................... 76 73
475........................................... 79 73
476........................................... 82 73
477........................................... 86 73
478........................................... 88 72
479........................................... 92 71
480........................................... 97 54
481........................................... 73 43
482........................................... 36 64
483........................................... 63 31
484........................................... 78 1
485........................................... 69 27
486........................................... 67 28
487........................................... 72 9
488........................................... 71 9
489........................................... 78 36
490........................................... 81 56
491........................................... 75 53
492........................................... 60 45
493........................................... 50 37
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721........................................... 102 70
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731........................................... 102 50
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734........................................... 102 40
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738........................................... 103 39
739........................................... 102 41
740........................................... 103 41
741........................................... 102 38
742........................................... 103 39
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747........................................... 103 42
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764........................................... 102 58
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766........................................... 102 59
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769........................................... 102 61
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784........................................... 67 21
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786........................................... 105 96
787........................................... 105 74
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789........................................... 105 62
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795........................................... 48 5
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899........................................... 81 27
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904........................................... 81 17
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926........................................... 83 17
927........................................... 83 13
928........................................... 83 10
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931........................................... 83 7
932........................................... 83 6
933........................................... 83 6
934........................................... 83 6
935........................................... 71 5
936........................................... 49 24
937........................................... 69 64
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941........................................... 81 31
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943........................................... 81 35
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945........................................... 81 27
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1009.......................................... 80 16
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1019.......................................... 81 26
1020.......................................... 86 18
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1022.......................................... 79 53
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1025.......................................... 83 32
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1027.......................................... 76 60
1028.......................................... 79 51
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1030.......................................... 82 34
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1049.......................................... 79 31
1050.......................................... 87 29
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1075.......................................... 99 39
1076.......................................... 103 11
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1078.......................................... 103 7
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1080.......................................... 103 10
1081.......................................... 102 13
1082.......................................... 101 29
1083.......................................... 102 25
1084.......................................... 102 20
1085.......................................... 96 60
1086.......................................... 99 38
1087.......................................... 102 24
1088.......................................... 100 31
1089.......................................... 100 28
1090.......................................... 98 3
1091.......................................... 102 26
1092.......................................... 95 64
1093.......................................... 102 23
1094.......................................... 102 25
1095.......................................... 98 42
1096.......................................... 93 68
1097.......................................... 101 25
1098.......................................... 95 64

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1099.......................................... 101 35
1100.......................................... 94 59
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1102.......................................... 97 60
1103.......................................... 93 98
1104.......................................... 98 53
1105.......................................... 103 13
1106.......................................... 103 11
1107.......................................... 103 11
1108.......................................... 103 13
1109.......................................... 103 10
1110.......................................... 103 10
1111.......................................... 103 11
1112.......................................... 103 10
1113.......................................... 103 10
1114.......................................... 102 18
1115.......................................... 102 31
1116.......................................... 101 24
1117.......................................... 102 19
1118.......................................... 103 10
1119.......................................... 102 12
1120.......................................... 99 56
1121.......................................... 96 59
1122.......................................... 74 28
1123.......................................... 66 62
1124.......................................... 74 29
1125.......................................... 64 74
1126.......................................... 69 40
1127.......................................... 76 2
1128.......................................... 72 29
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1130.......................................... 54 69
1131.......................................... 69 56
1132.......................................... 69 40
1133.......................................... 73 54
1134.......................................... 63 92
1135.......................................... 61 67
1136.......................................... 72 42
1137.......................................... 78 2
1138.......................................... 76 34
1139.......................................... 67 80
1140.......................................... 70 67
1141.......................................... 53 70
1142.......................................... 72 65
1143.......................................... 60 57
1144.......................................... 74 29
1145.......................................... 69 31
1146.......................................... 76 1
1147.......................................... 74 22
1148.......................................... 72 52
1149.......................................... 62 96
1150.......................................... 54 72
1151.......................................... 72 28
1152.......................................... 72 35
1153.......................................... 64 68
1154.......................................... 74 27
1155.......................................... 76 14
1156.......................................... 69 38
1157.......................................... 66 59
1158.......................................... 64 99
1159.......................................... 51 86
1160.......................................... 70 53
1161.......................................... 72 36
1162.......................................... 71 47
1163.......................................... 70 42
1164.......................................... 67 34
1165.......................................... 74 2
1166.......................................... 75 21
1167.......................................... 74 15
1168.......................................... 75 13
1169.......................................... 76 10
1170.......................................... 75 13
1171.......................................... 75 10
1172.......................................... 75 7
1173.......................................... 75 13
1174.......................................... 76 8
1175.......................................... 76 7
1176.......................................... 67 45
1177.......................................... 75 13
1178.......................................... 75 12
1179.......................................... 73 21
1180.......................................... 68 46
1181.......................................... 74 8
1182.......................................... 76 11
1183.......................................... 76 14
1184.......................................... 74 11
1185.......................................... 74 18
1186.......................................... 73 22
1187.......................................... 74 20
1188.......................................... 74 19
1189.......................................... 70 22
1190.......................................... 71 23
1191.......................................... 73 19
1192.......................................... 73 19
1193.......................................... 72 20
1194.......................................... 64 60
1195.......................................... 70 39
1196.......................................... 66 56
1197.......................................... 68 64
1198.......................................... 30 68
1199.......................................... 70 38
1200.......................................... 66 47
1201.......................................... 76 14
1202.......................................... 74 18
1203.......................................... 69 46
1204.......................................... 68 62
1205.......................................... 68 62
1206.......................................... 68 62
1207.......................................... 68 62
1208.......................................... 68 62
1209.......................................... 68 62
1210.......................................... 54 50
1211.......................................... 41 37
1212.......................................... 27 25
1213.......................................... 14 12
1214.......................................... 0 0
1215.......................................... 0 0
1216.......................................... 0 0
1217.......................................... 0 0
1218.......................................... 0 0
1219.......................................... 0 0
1220.......................................... 0 0
1221.......................................... 0 0
1222.......................................... 0 0
1223.......................................... 0 0
1224.......................................... 0 0
1225.......................................... 0 0
1226.......................................... 0 0
1227.......................................... 0 0
1228.......................................... 0 0
1229.......................................... 0 0
1230.......................................... 0 0
1231.......................................... 0 0
1232.......................................... 0 0
1233.......................................... 0 0
1234.......................................... 0 0
1235.......................................... 0 0
1236.......................................... 0 0
1237.......................................... 0 0
1238.......................................... 0 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The percent torque is relative to maximum torque at the commanded
engine speed.

[69 FR 39213, June 29, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 40465, July 13, 2005]

[[Page 266]]

PART 1042_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION

ENGINES AND VESSELS--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec.
1042.1 Applicability.
1042.2 Who is responsible for compliance?
1042.5 Exclusions.
1042.10 Organization of this part.
1042.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?
1042.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1042.101 Exhaust emission standards for Category 1 engines and Category
2 engines.
1042.104 Exhaust emission standards for Category 3 engines.
1042.107 Evaporative emission standards.
1042.110 Recording reductant use and other diagnostic functions.
1042.115 Other requirements.
1042.120 Emission-related warranty requirements.
1042.125 Maintenance instructions.
1042.130 Installation instructions for vessel manufacturers.
1042.135 Labeling.
1042.140 Maximum engine power, displacement, power density, and maximum
in-use engine speed.
1042.145 Interim provisions.

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

1042.201 General requirements for obtaining a certificate of conformity.
1042.205 Application requirements.
1042.210 Preliminary approval.
1042.220 Amending maintenance instructions.
1042.225 Amending applications for certification.
1042.230 Engine families.
1042.235 Emission testing related to certification.
1042.240 Demonstrating compliance with exhaust emission standards.
1042.245 Deterioration factors.
1042.250 Recordkeeping and reporting.
1042.255 EPA decisions.

Subpart D_Testing Production-Line Engines

1042.301 General provisions.
1042.302 Applicability of this subpart for Category 3 engines.
1042.305 Preparing and testing production-line engines.
1042.310 Engine selection for Category 1 and Category 2 engines.
1042.315 Determining compliance.
1042.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails to meet
emission standards?
1042.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line
testing requirements?
1042.330 Selling engines from an engine family with a suspended
certificate of conformity.
1042.335 Reinstating suspended certificates.
1042.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how
may I sell these engines again?
1042.345 Reporting.
1042.350 Recordkeeping.

Subpart E_In-Use Testing

1042.401 General Provisions.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

1042.501 How do I run a valid emission test?
1042.505 Testing engines using discrete-mode or ramped-modal duty
cycles.
1042.515 Test procedures related to not-to-exceed standards.
1042.520 What testing must I perform to establish deterioration factors?
1042.525 How do I adjust emission levels to account for infrequently
regenerating aftertreatment devices?

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

1042.601. General compliance provisions for marine engines and vessels.
1042.605 Dressing engines already certified to other standards for
nonroad or heavy-duty highway engines for marine use.
1042.610 Certifying auxiliary marine engines to land-based standards.
1042.615 Replacement engine exemption.
1042.620 Engines used solely for competition.
1042.625 Special provisions for engines used in emergency applications.
1042.630 Personal-use exemption.
1042.635 National security exemption.
1042.640 Special provisions for branded engines.
1042.650 Exemptions for migratory vessels and auxiliary engines on
Category 3 vessels.
1042.655 Special certification provisions for--Category 3 engines with
aftertreatment.
1042.660 Requirements for vessel manufacturers, owners, and operators.
1042.670 Special provisions for gas turbine engines.

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

1042.701 General provisions.

[[Page 267]]

1042.705 Generating and calculating emission credits.
1042.710 Averaging emission credits.
1042.715 Banking emission credits.
1042.720 Trading emission credits.
1042.725 Information required for the application for certification.
1042.730 ABT reports.
1042.735 Recordkeeping.
1042.745 Noncompliance.

Subpart I_Special Provisions for Remanufactured Marine Engines

1042.801 General provisions.
1042.810 Requirements for owner/operators and installers during
remanufacture.
1042.815 Demonstrating availability.
1042.820 Emission standards and required emission reductions for
remanufactured engines.
1042.825 Baseline determination.
1042.830 Labeling.
1042.835 Certification of remanufactured engines.
1042.836 Marine certification of locomotive remanufacturing systems.
1042.840 Application requirements for remanufactured engines.
1042.845 Remanufactured engine families.
1042.850 Exemptions and hardship relief.

Subpart J_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1042.901 Definitions.
1042.905 Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.
1042.910 Reference materials.
1042.915 Confidential information.
1042.920 Hearings.
1042.925 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Appendix I to Part 1042--Summary of Previous Emission Standards
Appendix II to Part 1042--Steady-state Duty Cycles
Appendix III to Part 1042--Not-to-Exceed Zones

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1042.1 Applicability.

Except as provided in this section and Sec. 1042.5, the regulations
in this part 1042 apply for all new compression-ignition marine engines
(including new engines deemed to be compression-ignition engines under
this section) and vessels containing such engines. See Sec. 1042.901
for the definitions of engines and vessels considered to be new.
(a) The emission standards of this part 1042 for freshly
manufactured engines apply for new marine engines starting with the
model years noted in the following tables:

Table 1 to Sec. 1042.1--Part 1042 Applicability by Model Year
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Displacement (L/cyl) or
Engine category Maximum engine power a application Model year
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1.............................. kW < 75.................... disp. < 0.9................. b 2009
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
75 <= kW <= 3700........... disp. < 0.9................. 2012
------------------------------------------
0.9 <= disp. < 1.2.......... 2013
------------------------------------------
1.2 <= disp. < 2.5.......... 2014
------------------------------------------
2.5 <= disp. < 3.5.......... 2013
------------------------------------------
3.5 <= disp. < 7.0.......... 2012
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
kW 3700........ disp. < 7.0................. 2014
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 2.............................. kW <= 3700................. 7.0 < disp. < 15.0.......... 2013
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
kW 3700........ 7.0 <= disp. < 15.0......... 2014
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
All........................ 15 <= disp. < 30............ 2014
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 3.............................. All........................ disp. = 30....... 2011
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See Sec. 1042.140, which describes how to determine maximum engine power.
b See Table 1 of Sec. 1042.101 for the first model year in which this part 1042 applies for engines with
maximum engine power below 75 kW and displacement at or above 0.9 L/cyl.

[[Page 268]]

(b) New engines with maximum engine power below 37 kW and originally
manufactured and certified before the model years identified in Table 1
to this section are subject to emission standards and requirements of 40
CFR part 89. The provisions of this part 1042 do not apply for such
engines certified under 40 CFR part 89, except as follows beginning June
29, 2010:
(1) The allowances of this part apply.
(2) The definitions of ``new marine engine'' and ``model year''
apply.
(c) Freshly manufactured engines with maximum engine power at or
above 37 kW and originally manufactured and certified before the model
years identified in Table 1 to this section are subject to emission
standards and requirements of 40 CFR part 94. The provisions of this
part 1042 do not apply for such engines certified under 40 CFR part 89,
except as follows beginning June 29, 2010:
(1) The allowances of this part apply.
(2) The definitions of ``new marine engine'' and ``model year''
apply.
(3) The remanufacturing provisions in subpart I of this part may
apply for remanufactured engines originally manufactured in model years
before the model years identified in Table 1 to this section.
(4) 40 CFR part 94 specifies other provisions from this part 1042
that apply.
(d) Engines with model years before those specified in Table 1 to
this section are generally subject to the Tier 1 or Tier 2 standards of
40 CFR part 94. Such engines may be certified to those standards under
this part 1042. All the provisions of this part except the emission
standards apply to such engines if they are certified under this part.
Note that engines subject to, but not certified to, the standards of 40
CFR part 94 are subject to the requirements and prohibitions of this
part and 40 CFR part 1068.
(e) The requirements of subpart I of this part apply to
remanufactured Category 1 and Category 2 engines beginning July 7, 2008.
(f) The marine engines listed in this paragraph (f) are subject to
all the requirements of this part even if they do not meet the
definition of ``compression-ignition'' in Sec. 1042.901. The following
engines are deemed to be compression-ignition engines for purposes of
this part:
(1) Marine engines powered by natural gas or other gaseous fuels
with maximum engine power at or above 250 kW. Note that gaseous-fueled
engines with maximum engine power below 250 kW may or may not meet the
definition of ``compression-ignition'' in Sec. 1042.901.
(2) Marine gas turbine engines.
(3) Other marine internal combustion engines that do not meet the
definition of ``spark-ignition'' in Sec. 1042.901.
(g) Some of the provisions of this part may apply for other engines
as specified in 40 CFR part 1043.
(h) Starting with the model years noted in Table 1 of this section,
all of the subparts of this part, except subpart I, apply as specified
in 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII, to freshly manufactured stationary
compression-ignition engines subject to the standards of 40 CFR part 60,
subpart IIII, that have a per-cylinder displacement at or above 10
liters and below 30 liters per cylinder. Such engines are considered
Category 2 engines for purposes of this part 1042.

[75 FR 22994, Apr. 30, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 37977, June 28, 2011]

Sec. 1042.2 Who is responsible for compliance?

The regulations in this part 1042 contain provisions that affect
both engine manufacturers and others. However, the requirements of this
part, other than those of subpart I of this part, are generally
addressed to the engine manufacturer for freshly manufactured marine
engines or other certificate holders. The term ``you'' generally means
the engine manufacturer, as defined in Sec. 1042.901, especially for
issues related to certification (including production-line testing,
reporting, etc.).

[75 FR 22995, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.5 Exclusions.

This part does not apply to the following marine engines:
(a) Foreign vessels. The requirements and prohibitions of this part
do not apply to engines installed on foreign vessels, as defined in
Sec. 1042.901. Note however, that the requirements and

[[Page 269]]

prohibitions of this part do apply to engines installed on any formerly
foreign vessels that are reflagged as U.S.-flagged vessels.
(b) Hobby engines. Engines installed in reduced-scale models of
vessels that are not capable of transporting a person are not subject to
the provisions of this part 1042.
(c) Recreational gas turbine engines. The requirements and
prohibitions of this part do not apply to gas turbine engines installed
on recreational vessels, as defined in Sec. 1042.901.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59192, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 22995, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.10 Organization of this part.

This part 1042 is divided into the following subparts:
(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of this part
1042 and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify engines under this part.
Note that Sec. 1042.145 discusses certain interim requirements and
compliance provisions that apply only for a limited time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity.
(d) Subpart D of this part describes general provisions for testing
production-line engines.
(e) Subpart E of this part describes general provisions for testing
in-use engines.
(f) Subpart F of this part and 40 CFR 1065 describe how to test your
engines.
(g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, and other provisions that apply to engine
manufacturers, vessel manufacturers, owners, operators, rebuilders, and
all others.
(h) Subpart H of this part describes how you may generate and use
emission credits to certify your engines.
(i) Subpart I of this part describes how these regulations apply for
remanufactured engines.
(j) Subpart J of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

Sec. 1042.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?

(a) Part 1043 of this chapter describes requirements related to
international pollution prevention that apply for some of the engines
subject to this part.
(b) The evaporative emission requirements of part 1060 of this
chapter apply to vessels that include installed engines fueled with a
volatile liquid fuel as specified in Sec. 1042.107. (Note: Conventional
diesel fuel is not considered to be a volatile liquid fuel.)
(c) Part 1065 of this chapter describes procedures and equipment
specifications for testing engines to measure exhaust emissions. Subpart
F of this part 1042 describes how to apply the provisions of part 1065
of this chapter to determine whether engines meet the exhaust emission
standards in this part.
(d) The requirements and prohibitions of part 1068 of this chapter
apply to everyone, including anyone who manufactures, imports, installs,
owns, operates, or rebuilds any of the engines subject to this part
1042, or vessels containing these engines. Part 1068 of this chapter
describes general provisions, including these seven areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for engine manufacturers, vessel
manufacturers, and others.
(2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.
(3) Exclusions and exemptions for certain engines.
(4) Importing engines.
(5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(6) Defect reporting and recall.
(7) Procedures for hearings.
(e) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

[75 FR 22995, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.30 Submission of information.

(a) This part includes various requirements to record data or other
information. Refer to Sec. 1042.925 and 40 CFR 1068.25 regarding
recordkeeping requirements. Unless we specify otherwise, store these
records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available
for one year after you

[[Page 270]]

send an associated application for certification, or one year after you
generate the data if they do not support an application for
certification. You must promptly send us organized, written records in
English if we ask for them. We may review them at any time.
(b) The regulations in Sec. 1042.255 and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. This includes
information not related to certification.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1042.901).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a
certificate holder.

[75 FR 22996, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1042.101 Exhaust emission standards for Category 1 engines and Category

2 engines.

(a) Duty-cycle standards. Exhaust emissions from your engines may
not exceed emission standards, as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the test procedures described in subpart
F of this part.
(2) The following CO emission standards in this paragraph (a)(2)
apply starting with the applicable model year identified in Sec.
1042.1:
(i) 8.0 g/kW-hr for engines below 8 kW.
(ii) 6.6 g/kW-hr for engines at or above 8 kW and below 19 kW.
(iii) 5.5 g/kW-hr for engines at or above 19 kW and below 37 kW.
(iv) 5.0 g/kW-hr for engines at or above 37 kW.
(3) Except as described in paragraphs (a)(4) and (5) of this
section, the Tier 3 standards for PM and NOX+HC emissions are
described in the following tables:

[[Page 271]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.104

Table 2 to Sec. 1042.101--Tier 3 Standards for Category 2 Engines Below 3700 kW \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOX+HC (g/kW-
Displacement (L/cyl) Maximum engine power Model year PM (g/kW-hr) hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.0 <= disp. < 15.0................... kW < 2000............... 2013+ 0.14 6.2
2000 <= kW < 3700....... 2013+ 0.14 b 7.8
15.0 <= disp. < 20.0 c................ kW < 2000............... 2014+ 0.34 7.0
20.0 <= disp. < 25.0 c................ kW < 2000............... 2014+ 0.27 9.8
25.0 <= disp. < 30.0 c................ kW < 2000............... 2014+ 0.27 11.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a No Tier 3 standards apply for Category 2 engines at or above 3700 kW. See Sec. 1042.1(c) and paragraph
(a)(7) of this section for the standards that apply for these engines.
b For engines subject to the 7.8 g/kW-hr NOX+HC standard, FELs may not be higher than the Tier 1 NOX standard
specified in appendix I of this part.

[[Page 272]]

c No Tier 3 standards apply for Category 2 engines with per-cylinder displacement above 15.0 liters if maximum
engine power is at or above 2000 kW. See Sec. 1042.1(c) and paragraph (a)(7) of this section for the
standards that apply for these engines.

(4) For Tier 3 engines at or above 19 kW and below 75 kW with
displacement below 0.9 L/cyl, you may alternatively certify some or all
of your engine families to a PM emission standard of 0.20 g/kW-hr and a
NOX+HC emission standard of 5.8 g/kW-hr for 2014 and later
model years.
(5) Starting with the 2014 model year, recreational marine engines
at or above 3700 kW (with any displacement) must be certified under this
part 1042 to the Tier 3 standards specified in this section for 3.5 to
7.0 L/cyl recreational marine engines.
(6) Interim Tier 4 PM standards apply for 2014 and 2015 model year
engines between 2000 and 3700 kW as specified in this paragraph (a)(6).
These engines are considered to be Tier 4 engines.
(i) For Category 1 engines, the Tier 3 PM standards from Table 1 to
this section continue to apply. PM FELs for these engines may not be
higher than the applicable Tier 2 PM standards specified in Appendix I
of this part.
(ii) For Category 2 engines with per-cylinder displacement below
15.0 liters, the Tier 3 PM standards from Table 2 to this section
continue to apply. PM FELs for these engines may not be higher than 0.27
g/kW-hr.
(iii) For Category 2 engines with per-cylinder displacement at or
above 15.0 liters, the PM standard is 0.34 g/kW-hr for engines at or
above 2000 kW and below 3300 kW, and 0.27 g/kW-hr for engines at or
above 3300 kW and below 3700 kW. PM FELs for these engines may not be
higher than 0.50 g/kW-hr.
(7) Except as described in paragraph (a)(8) of this section, the
Tier 4 standards for PM, NOX, and HC emissions are described
in the following table:

Table 3 to Sec. 1042.101--Tier 4 Standards for Category 2 and Commercial Category 1 Engines Above 600 kW
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PM (g/kW- NOX (g/kW- HC (g/kW-
Maximum engine power Displacement (L/cyl) Model year hr) hr) hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
600 <= kW < 1400.................... all................... 2017+ 0.04 1.8 0.19
1400 <= kW < 2000................... all................... 2016+ 0.04 1.8 0.19
2000 <= kW < 3700 a................. all................... 2014+ 0.04 1.8 0.19
kW = 3700................ disp. <15.0........... 2014-2015 0.12 1.8 0.19
15.0 <= disp.< 30.0... 2014-2015 0.25 1.8 0.19
all................... 2016+ 0.06 1.8 0.19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See paragraph (a)(6) of this section for interim PM standards that apply for model years 2014 and 2015 for
engines between 2000 and 3700 kW. The Tier 4 NOX FEL cap for engines at or above 2000 kW and below 3700 kW is
7.0 g/kW-hr. Starting in the 2016 model year, the Tier 4 PM FEL cap for engines at or above 2000 kW and below
3700 kW is 0.34 g/kW-hr.

(8) The following optional provisions apply for complying with the
Tier 3 and Tier 4 standards specified in paragraphs (a)(3) and (6) of
this section:
(i) You may use NOX credits accumulated through the ABT
program to certify Tier 4 engines to a NOX+HC emission
standard of 1.9 g/kW-hr instead of the NOX and HC standards
that would otherwise apply by certifying your family to a
NOX+HC FEL. Calculate the NOX credits needed as
specified in subpart H of this part using the NOX+HC emission
standard and FEL in the calculation instead of the otherwise applicable
NOX standard and FEL. You may not generate credits relative
to the alternate standard or certify to the standard without using
credits.
(ii) For engines below 1000 kW, you may delay complying with the
Tier 4 standards in the 2017 model year for up to nine months, but you
must comply no later than October 1, 2017.
(iii) For engines at or above 3700 kW, you may delay complying with
the Tier 4 standards in the 2016 model year for up to twelve months, but
you must comply no later than December 31, 2016.
(iv) For Category 2 engines at or above 1400 kW, you may
alternatively comply with the Tier 3 and Tier 4 standards specified in
Table 4 of this section instead of the NOX, HC,
NOX+HC, and PM standards specified in paragraphs (a)(3) and
(6) of this section.

[[Page 273]]

The CO standards specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section apply
without regard to whether you choose this option. If you choose this
option, you must do so for all engines at or above 1400 kW in the same
displacement category (that is, 7-15, 15-20, 20-25, or 25-30 liters per
cylinder) in model years 2012 through 2015.

Table 4 to Sec. 1042.101--Optional Tier 3 and Tier 4 Standards for Category 2 Engines at or Above 1400 kW
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PM (g/kW- NOX (g/kW- HC (g/kW-
Tier Maximum engine power Model year hr) hr) hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tier 3.............................. kW = 1400.. 2012-2014 0.14 7.8 NOX+HC
Tier 4.............................. 1400 <= kW < 3700..... 2015 0.04 1.8 0.19
kW = 3700.. 2015 0.06 1.8 0.19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Averaging, banking, and trading. You may generate or use
emission credits under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program
as described in subpart H of this part for demonstrating compliance with
NOX, NOX+HC, and PM emission standards for
Category 1 and Category 2 engines. You may also use NOX or
NOX+HC emission credits to comply with the alternate
NOX+HC standard in paragraph (a)(8)(i) of this section.
Generating or using emission credits requires that you specify a family
emission limit (FEL) for each pollutant you include in the ABT program
for each engine family. These FELs serve as the emission standards for
the engine family with respect to all required testing instead of the
standards specified in paragraph (a) of this section. The FELs determine
the not-to-exceed standards for your engine family, as specified in
paragraph (c) of this section. Unless otherwise specified, the following
FEL caps apply:
(1) FELs for Tier 3 engines may not be higher than the applicable
Tier 2 standards specified in Appendix I of this part.
(2) FELs for Tier 4 engines may not be higher than the applicable
Tier 3 standards specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
(c) Not-to-exceed standards. Except as noted in Sec. 1042.145(e),
exhaust emissions from all engines subject to the requirements of this
part may not exceed the not-to-exceed (NTE) standards as follows:
(1) Use the following equation to determine the NTE standards:
(i) NTE standard for each pollutant = STD x M.

Where:

STD = The standard specified for that pollutant in this section if you
certify without using ABT for that pollutant; or the FEL for that
pollutant if you certify using ABT.
M = The NTE multiplier for that pollutant.

(ii) Round each NTE standard to the same number of decimal places as
the emission standard.
(2) Determine the applicable NTE zone and subzones as described in
Sec. 1042.515. Determine NTE multipliers for specific zones and
subzones and pollutants as follows:
(i) For commercial marine engines certified using the duty cycle
specified in Sec. 1042.505(b)(1), except for variable-speed propulsion
marine engines used with controllable-pitch propellers or with
electrically coupled propellers, apply the following NTE multipliers:
(A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
(B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO
standards.
(C) Subzone 2: 1.5 for NOX+HC standards.
(D) Subzone 2: 1.9 for PM and CO standards.
(ii) For recreational marine engines certified using the duty cycle
specified in Sec. 1042.505(b)(2), except for variable-speed marine
engines used with controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically
coupled propellers, apply the following NTE multipliers:
(A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
(B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO
standards.
(C) Subzones 2 and 3: 1.5 for NOX+HC standards.
(D) Subzones 2 and 3: 1.9 for PM and CO standards.

[[Page 274]]

(iii) For variable-speed marine engines used with controllable-pitch
propellers or with electrically coupled propellers that are certified
using the duty cycle specified in Sec. 1042.505(b)(1), (2), or (3),
apply the following NTE multipliers:
(A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
(B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO
standards.
(C) Subzone 2: 1.5 for NOX+HC standards.
(D) Subzone 2: 1.9 for PM and CO standards. However, there is no NTE
standard in Subzone 2b for PM emissions if the engine family's
applicable standard for PM is at or above 0.07 g/kW-hr.
(iv) For constant-speed engines certified using a duty cycle
specified in Sec. 1042.505(b)(3) or (4), apply the following NTE
multipliers:
(A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
(B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO
standards.
(C) Subzone 2: 1.5 for NOX+HC standards.
(D) Subzone 2: 1.9 for PM and CO standards. However, there is no NTE
standard for PM emissions if the engine family's applicable standard for
PM is at or above 0.07 g/kW-hr.
(v) For variable-speed auxiliary marine engines certified using the
duty cycle specified in Sec. 1042.505(b)(5)(ii) or (iii):
(A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
(B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO
standards.
(C) Subzone 2: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
(D) Subzone 2: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO
standards. However, there is no NTE standard for PM emissions if the
engine family's applicable standard for PM is at or above 0.07 g/kW-hr.
(3) The NTE standards apply to your engines whenever they operate
within the NTE zone for an NTE sampling period of at least thirty
seconds, during which only a single operator demand set point may be
selected. Engine operation during a change in operator demand is
excluded from any NTE sampling period. There is no maximum NTE sampling
period.
(4) Collect emission data for determining compliance with the NTE
standards using the procedures described in subpart F of this part.
(5) You may ask us to accept as compliant an engine that does not
fully meet specific requirements under the applicable NTE standards
where such deficiencies are necessary for safety.
(d) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply
for engines using the fuel type on which the engines in the engine
family are designed to operate.
(1) You must meet the numerical emission standards for hydrocarbons
in this section based on the following types of hydrocarbon emissions
for engines powered by the following fuels:
(i) Alcohol-fueled engines must comply with Tier 3 HC standards
based on THCE emissions and with Tier 4 standards based on NMHCE
emissions.
(ii) Natural gas-fueled engines must comply with HC standards based
on NMHC emissions.
(iii) Diesel-fueled and all other engines not described in paragraph
(d)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section must comply with Tier 3 HC standards
based on THC emissions and with Tier 4 standards based on NMHC
emissions.
(2) Tier 3 and later engines must comply with the exhaust emission
standards when tested using test fuels containing 15 ppm or less sulfur
(ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel). Manufacturers may use low-sulfur diesel
fuel (without request) to certify an engine otherwise requiring an ultra
low-sulfur test fuel; however, emissions may not be corrected to account
for the effects of using higher sulfur fuel.
(3) Engines designed to operate using residual fuel must comply with
the standards and requirements of this part when operated using residual
fuel in addition to complying with the requirements of this part when
operated using diesel fuel.
(e) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards of this section over their full useful life, expressed as a
period in years or hours of engine operation, whichever comes first.

[[Page 275]]

(1) The minimum useful life values are as follows, except as
specified by paragraph (e)(2) or (3) of this section:
(i) 10 years or 1,000 hours of operation for recreational Category 1
engines
(ii) 5 years or 3,000 hours of operation for commercial engines
below 19 kW.
(iii) 7 years or 5,000 hours of operation for commercial engines at
or above 19 kW and below 37kW.
(iv) 10 years or 10,000 hours of operation for commercial Category 1
engines at or above 37 kW.
(v) 10 years or 20,000 hours of operation for Category 2 engines.
(2) Specify a longer useful life in hours for an engine family under
either of two conditions:
(i) If you design, advertise, or market your engine to operate
longer than the minimum useful life (your recommended hours until
rebuild indicates a longer design life).
(ii) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum
useful life.
(3) You may request in your application for certification that we
approve a shorter useful life for an engine family. We may approve a
shorter useful life, in hours of engine operation but not in years, if
we determine that these engines will rarely operate longer than the
shorter useful life. If engines identical to those in the engine family
have already been produced and are in use, your demonstration must
include documentation from such in-use engines. In other cases, your
demonstration must include an engineering analysis of information
equivalent to such in-use data, such as data from research engines or
similar engine models that are already in production. Your demonstration
must also include any overhaul interval that you recommend, any
mechanical warranty that you offer for the engine or its components, and
any relevant customer design specifications. Your demonstration may
include any other relevant information. The useful life value may not be
shorter than any of the following:
(i) 1,000 hours of operation.
(ii) Your recommended overhaul interval.
(iii) Your mechanical warranty for the engine.
(f) Applicability for testing. The duty-cycle emission standards in
this subpart apply to all testing performed according to the procedures
in Sec. 1042.505, including certification, production-line, and in-use
testing. The not-to-exceed standards apply for all testing performed
according to the procedures of subpart F of this part.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59192, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 8425, Feb. 24, 2009; 75 FR 22996, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.104 Exhaust emission standards for Category 3 engines.

(a) Duty-cycle standards. Exhaust emissions from your engines may
not exceed emission standards, as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the test procedures described in subpart
F of this part. Note that while no PM standards apply for Category 3
engines, PM emissions must be measured for certification testing and
reported under Sec. 1042.205. Note also that you are not required to
measure PM emissions for other testing.
(2) NOX standards apply based on the engine's model year
and maximum in-use engine speed as shown in the following table:

Table 1 to Sec. 1042.104--NOX Emission Standards for Category 3 Engines (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum in-use engine speed
--------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards Model year Less than Over 2000
130 RPM 130-2000 RPM \a\ RPM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tier 1........................... 2004-2010 \b\....... 17.0 45.0[middot]n (-0.20) 9.8
Tier 2........................... 2011-2015........... 14.4 44.0[middot]n (-0.23) 7.7
Tier 3........................... 2016 and later...... 3.4 9.0[middot]n (-0.20) 2.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Applicable standards are calculated from n (maximum in-use engine speed, in RPM, as specified in Sec.
1042.140). Round the standards to one decimal place.
\b\ Tier 1 NOX standards apply as specified in 40 CFR part 94 for engines originally manufactured in model years
2004 through 2010. They are shown here only for reference.

[[Page 276]]

(3) The HC standard for Tier 2 and later engines is 2.0 g/kW-hr.
This standard applies as follows:
(i) Alcohol-fueled engines must comply with HC standards based on
THCE emissions.
(ii) Natural gas-fueled engines must comply with HC standards based
on NMHC emissions.
(iii) Diesel-fueled and all other engines not described in paragraph
(a)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section must comply with HC standards based on
THC emissions.
(4) The CO standard for Tier 2 and later engines is 5.0 g/kW-hr.
(b) Averaging, banking, and trading. Category 3 engines are not
eligible for participation in the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT)
program as described in subpart H of this part.
(c) Mode caps. Measured NOX emissions may not exceed the
cap specified in this paragraph (c) for any applicable duty-cycle test
modes with power greater than 10 percent maximum engine power. Calculate
the mode cap by multiplying the applicable NOX standard by
1.5 and rounding to the nearest 0.1 g/kW-hr. Note that mode caps do not
apply for pollutants other than NOX and do not apply for any
modes of operation outside of the applicable duty cycles in Sec.
1042.505. Category 3 engines are not subject to not-to-exceed standards.
(d) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards of this section over their full useful life, expressed as a
period in years or hours of engine operation, whichever comes first.
(1) The minimum useful life value is 3 years or 10,000 hours of
operation.
(2) Specify a longer useful life in hours for an engine family under
either of two conditions:
(i) If you design, advertise, or market your engine to operate
longer than the minimum useful life (your recommended hours until
rebuild indicates a longer design life).
(ii) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum
useful life.
(e) Applicability for testing. The duty-cycle emission standards in
this section apply to all testing performed according to the procedures
in Sec. 1042.505, including certification, production-line, and in-use
testing. See paragraph (g) of this section for standards that apply for
certain other test procedures, such as some production-line testing.
(f) Domestic engines. Engines installed on vessels excluded from 40
CFR part 1043 because they operate only domestically may not be
certified for use with residual fuels.
(g) Alternate installed-engine standards. NOX emissions
may not exceed the standard specified in this paragraph (g) for test of
engines installed on vessels when you are unable to operate the engine
at the test points for the specified duty cycle, and you approximate
these points consistent with the specifications of section 6 of Appendix
8 to the NOX Technical Code (incorporated by reference in
Sec. 1042.910). Calculate the alternate installed-engine standard by
multiplying the applicable NOX standard by 1.1 and rounding
to the nearest 0.1 g/kW-hr.

[75 FR 22997, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.107 Evaporative emission standards.

(a) There are no evaporative emission standards for diesel-fueled
engines, or engines using other nonvolatile or nonliquid fuels (for
example, natural gas).
(b) If an engine uses a volatile liquid fuel, such as methanol, the
engine's fuel system and the vessel in which the engine is installed
must meet the evaporative emission requirements of 40 CFR part 1045 that
apply with respect to spark-ignition engines. Manufacturers subject to
evaporative emission standards must meet the requirements of 40 CFR
1045.112 as described in 40 CFR part 1060 and do all the following
things in the application for certification:
(1) Describe how evaporative emissions are controlled.
(2) Present test data to show that fuel systems and vessels meet the
evaporative emission standards we specify in this section if you do not
use design-based certification under 40 CFR 1060.240. Show these figures
before and after applying deterioration factors, where applicable.

[73 FR 59193, Oct. 8, 2008]

[[Page 277]]

Sec. 1042.110 Recording reductant use and other diagnostic functions.

(a) Engines equipped with SCR systems using a reductant other than
the engine's fuel must meet the following requirements:
(1) The diagnostic system must monitor reductant quality and tank
levels and alert operators to the need to refill the reductant tank
before it is empty, or to replace the reductant if it does not meet your
concentration specifications. Unless we approve other alerts, use a
malfunction-indicator light (MIL) and an audible alarm. You do not need
to separately monitor reductant quality if you include an exhaust
NOX sensor (or other sensor) that allows you to determine
inadequate reductant quality. However, tank level must be monitored in
all cases.
(2) The onboard computer log must record in nonvolatile computer
memory all incidents of engine operation with inadequate reductant
injection or reductant quality. Use good engineering judgment to ensure
that the operator can readily access the information to submit the
report required by Sec. 1042.660. For example, you may meet this
requirement by documenting the incident in a text file that can be
downloaded or printed by the operator.
(3) SCR systems must also conform to the provisions of paragraph (d)
of this section if they are equipped with on-off controls as allowed
under Sec. 1042.115(g).
(b) If you determine your emission controls have failure modes that
may reasonably be expected to affect safety, equip the engines with
diagnostic features that will alert the operator to such failures. Use
good engineering judgment to alert the operator before the failure
occurs.
(c) You may equip your engine with other diagnostic features. If you
do, they must be designed to allow us to read and interpret the codes.
Note that Sec. Sec. 1042.115 and 1042.205 require that you provide us
any information needed to read, record, and interpret all the
information broadcast by an engine's onboard computers and electronic
control units.
(d) For Category 3 engines equipped with on-off NOX
controls (as allowed by Sec. 1042.115(g)), you must also equip your
engine to continuously monitor NOX concentrations in the
exhaust. See Sec. 1042.650 to determine if this requirement applies for
a given Category 1 or Category 2 engine. Use good engineering judgment
to alert operators if measured NOX concentrations indicate
malfunctioning emission controls. Record any such operation in
nonvolatile computer memory. You are not required to monitor
NOX concentrations during operation for which the emission
controls may be disabled under Sec. 1042.115(g). For the purpose of
this paragraph (d), ``malfunctioning emission controls'' means any
condition in which the measured NOX concentration exceeds the
highest value expected when the engine is in compliance with the
installed engine standard of Sec. 1042.104(g). Use good engineering
judgment to determine these expected values during production-line
testing of the engine using linear interpolation between test points and
accounting for the degree to which the cycle-weighted emissions of the
engine are below the standard. You may also use additional intermediate
test points measured during the production-line test. Note that the
provisions of paragraph (a) of this section also apply for SCR systems
covered by this paragraph (d). For engines subject to both the
provisions of paragraph (a) of this section and this paragraph (d), use
good engineering judgment to integrate diagnostic features to comply
with both paragraphs.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22998, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.115 Other requirements.

Engines that are required to comply with the emission standards of
this part must meet the following requirements:
(a) Crankcase emissions. Crankcase emissions may not be discharged
directly into the ambient atmosphere from any engine throughout its
useful life, except as follows:
(1) Engines may discharge crankcase emissions to the ambient
atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust emissions (either
physically or mathematically) during all emission testing. If you take
advantage of this exception, you must do both of the following things:

[[Page 278]]

(i) Manufacture the engines so that all crankcase emissions can be
routed into the applicable sampling systems specified in 40 CFR part
1065.
(ii) Account for deterioration in crankcase emissions when
determining exhaust deterioration factors.
(2) For purposes of this paragraph (a), crankcase emissions that are
routed to the exhaust upstream of exhaust aftertreatment during all
operation are not considered to be discharged directly into the ambient
atmosphere.
(b) Torque broadcasting. Electronically controlled engines must
broadcast their speed and output shaft torque (in newton-meters).
Engines may alternatively broadcast a surrogate value for determining
torque. Engines must broadcast engine parameters such that they can be
read with a remote device, or broadcast them directly to their
controller area networks. This information is necessary for testing
engines in the field (see Sec. 1042.515).
(c) EPA access to broadcast information. If we request it, you must
provide us any hardware or tools we would need to readily read,
interpret, and record all information broadcast by an engine's on-board
computers and electronic control modules. If you broadcast a surrogate
parameter for torque values, you must provide us what we need to convert
these into torque units. We will not ask for hardware or tools if they
are readily available commercially.
(d) Adjustable parameters. An operating parameter is not considered
adjustable if you permanently seal it or if it is not normally
accessible using ordinary tools. The following provisions apply for
adjustable parameters:
(1) Category 1 engines that have adjustable parameters must meet all
the requirements of this part for any adjustment in the physically
adjustable range. We may require that you set adjustable parameters to
any specification within the adjustable range during any testing,
including certification testing, selective enforcement auditing, or in-
use testing.
(2) Category 2 and Category 3 engines that have adjustable
parameters must meet all the requirements of this part for any
adjustment in the specified adjustable range. You must specify in your
application for certification the adjustable range of each adjustable
parameter on a new engine to--
(i) Ensure that safe engine operating characteristics are available
within that range, as required by section 202(a)(4) of the Clean Air Act
(42 U.S.C. 7521(a)(4)), taking into consideration the production
tolerances.
(ii) Limit the physical range of adjustability to the maximum extent
practicable to the range that is necessary for proper operation of the
engine.
(e) Prohibited controls. You may not design your engines with
emission-control devices, systems, or elements of design that cause or
contribute to an unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety
while operating. For example, this would apply if the engine emits a
noxious or toxic substance it would otherwise not emit, that contributes
to such an unreasonable risk.
(f) Defeat devices. You may not equip your engines with a defeat
device. A defeat device is an auxiliary emission control device that
reduces the effectiveness of emission controls under conditions that the
engine may reasonably be expected to encounter during normal operation
and use. (Note that this means emission control for operation outside of
and between the official test modes is generally expected to be similar
to emission control demonstrated at the test modes.) This does not apply
to auxiliary emission control devices you identify in your application
for certification if any of the following is true:
(1) The conditions of concern were substantially included in the
applicable duty-cycle test procedures described in subpart F of this
part (the portion during which emissions are measured).
(2) You show your design is necessary to prevent engine (or vessel)
damage or accidents.
(3) The reduced effectiveness applies only to starting the engine.
(4) The engine is a Category 3 engine and the AECD conforms to the
requirements of paragraph (g) of this section. See Sec. 1042.650 to
determine if this allowance applies for a given Category 1 or Category 2
engine.

[[Page 279]]

(g) On-off controls for Category 3 engines. Manufacturers may equip
Category 3 engines with features that disable Tier 3 NOX
emission controls subject to the provisions of this paragraph (g). See
Sec. 1042.650 to determine if this allowance applies for a given
Category 1 or Category 2 engine. Where this paragraph (g) applies for a
Category 1 or Category 2 engine, read ``Tier 2'' to mean ``Tier 3'' and
read ``Tier 3'' to mean ``Tier 4''.
(1) Features that disable Tier 3 emission controls are considered to
be AECDs whether or not they meet the definition of an AECD. For
example, manually operated on-off features are AECDs under this
paragraph (g). The features must be identified in your application for
certification as AECDs. For purposes of this paragraph (g), the term
``features that disable Tier 3 emission controls'' includes (but is not
limited to) any combination of the following that cause the engine's
emissions to exceed any Tier 3 emission standard:
(i) Bypassing of exhaust aftertreatment.
(ii) Reducing or eliminating flow of reductant to an SCR system.
(iii) Modulating engine calibration in a manner that increases
engine-out emissions of a regulated pollutant.
(2) You must demonstrate that the AECD will not disable emission
controls while operating in areas where emissions could reasonably be
expected to adversely affect U.S. air quality. If an ECA has been
established for U.S. waters, this means you must demonstrate that the
AECD will not disable emission control while operating in waters within
the ECA or any ECA associated area. (Note: See the regulations in 40 CFR
part 1043 for requirements related to operation in ECAs, including
foreign ECAs.) Compliance with this paragraph will generally require
that the AECD operation be based on Global Positioning System (GPS)
inputs. We may consider any relevant information to determine whether
your AECD conforms to this paragraph (g).
(3) The onboard computer log must record in nonvolatile computer
memory all incidents of engine operation with the Tier 3 emission
controls disabled.
(4) The engine must comply fully with the Tier 2 standards when the
Tier 3 emission controls are disabled.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59193, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 22998, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.120 Emission-related warranty requirements.

(a) General requirements. You must warrant to the ultimate purchaser
and each subsequent purchaser that the new engine, including all parts
of its emission control system, meets two conditions:
(1) It is designed, built, and equipped so it conforms at the time
of sale to the ultimate purchaser with the requirements of this part.
(2) It is free from defects in materials and workmanship that may
keep it from meeting these requirements.
(b) Warranty period. Your emission-related warranty must be valid
for at least as long as the minimum warranty periods listed in this
paragraph (b) in hours of operation and years, whichever comes first.
You may offer an emission-related warranty more generous than we
require. The emission-related warranty for the engine may not be shorter
than any published warranty you offer without charge for the engine.
Similarly, the emission-related warranty for any component may not be
shorter than any published warranty you offer without charge for that
component. If an engine has no hour meter, we base the warranty periods
in this paragraph (b) only on the engine's age (in years).
The warranty period begins when the engine is placed into service.
The following minimum warranty periods apply:
(1) For Category 1 and Category 2 engines, your emission-related
warranty must be valid for at least 50 percent of the engine's useful
life in hours of operation or a number of years equal to at least 50
percent of the useful life in years, whichever comes first.
(2) For Category 3 engines, your emission-related warranty must be
valid throughout the engine's full useful life as specified in Sec.
1042.104(d).

[[Page 280]]

(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all
components whose failure would increase an engine's emissions of any
regulated pollutant, including components listed in 40 CFR part 1068,
Appendix I, and components from any other system you develop to control
emissions. The emission-related warranty for freshly manufactured marine
engines covers these components even if another company produces the
component. Your emission-related warranty does not need to cover
components whose failure would not increase an engine's emissions of any
regulated pollutant. For remanufactured engines, your emission-related
warranty is required to cover only those parts that you supply or those
parts for which you specify allowable part manufacturers. It does not
need to cover used parts that are not replaced during the remanufacture.
(d) Limited applicability. You may deny warranty claims under this
section if the operator caused the problem through improper maintenance
or use, as described in 40 CFR 1068.115.
(e) Owners manual. Describe in the owners manual the emission-
related warranty provisions from this section that apply to the engine.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22999, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.125 Maintenance instructions.

Give the ultimate purchaser of each new engine written instructions
for properly maintaining and using the engine, including the emission
control system, as described in this section. The maintenance
instructions also apply to service accumulation on your emission-data
engines as described in Sec. 1042.245 and in 40 CFR part 1065. The
restrictions specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section
related to allowable maintenance apply only to Category 1 and Category 2
engines. Manufacturers may specify any maintenance for Category 3
engines.
(a) Critical emission-related maintenance. Critical emission-related
maintenance includes any adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of
critical emission-related components. This may also include additional
emission-related maintenance that you determine is critical if we
approve it in advance. You may schedule critical emission-related
maintenance on these components if you meet the following conditions:
(1) You demonstrate that the maintenance is reasonably likely to be
done at the recommended intervals on in-use engines. We will accept
scheduled maintenance as reasonably likely to occur if you satisfy any
of the following conditions:
(i) You present data showing that any lack of maintenance that
increases emissions also unacceptably degrades the engine's performance.
(ii) You present survey data showing that at least 80 percent of
engines in the field get the maintenance you specify at the recommended
intervals.
(iii) You provide the maintenance free of charge and clearly say so
in your maintenance instructions.
(iv) You otherwise show us that the maintenance is reasonably likely
to be done at the recommended intervals.
(2) For engines below 130 kW, you may not schedule critical
emission-related maintenance more frequently than the following minimum
intervals, except as specified in paragraphs (a)(4), (b), and (c) of
this section:
(i) For EGR-related filters and coolers, PCV valves, and fuel
injector tips (cleaning only), the minimum interval is 1,500 hours.
(ii) For the following components, including associated sensors and
actuators, the minimum interval is 3,000 hours: Fuel injectors,
turbochargers, catalytic converters, electronic control units,
particulate traps, trap oxidizers, components related to particulate
traps and trap oxidizers, EGR systems (including related components, but
excluding filters and coolers), and other add-on components. For
particulate traps, trap oxidizers, and components related to either of
these, maintenance is limited to cleaning and repair only.
(3) For Category 1 and Category 2 engines at or above 130 kW, you
may not schedule critical emission-related maintenance more frequently
than the following minimum intervals, except as specified in paragraphs
(a)(4), (b), and (c) of this section:
(i) For EGR-related filters and coolers, PCV valves, and fuel
injector tips

[[Page 281]]

(cleaning only), the minimum interval is 1,500 hours.
(ii) For the following components, including associated sensors and
actuators, the minimum interval is 4500 hours: Fuel injectors,
turbochargers, catalytic converters, electronic control units,
particulate traps, trap oxidizers, components related to particulate
traps and trap oxidizers, EGR systems (including related components, but
excluding filters and coolers), and other add-on components. For
particulate traps, trap oxidizers, and components related to either of
these, maintenance is limited to cleaning and repair only.
(4) We may approve shorter maintenance intervals than those listed
in paragraph (a)(3) of this section where technologically necessary.
(5) If your engine family has an alternate useful life under Sec.
1042.101(e) that is shorter than the period specified in paragraph
(a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section, you may not schedule critical
emission-related maintenance more frequently than the alternate useful
life, except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) Recommended additional maintenance. You may recommend any
additional amount of maintenance on the components listed in paragraph
(a) of this section, as long as you state clearly that these maintenance
steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related warranty valid. If
operators do the maintenance specified in paragraph (a) of this section,
but not the recommended additional maintenance, this does not allow you
to disqualify those engines from in-use testing or deny a warranty
claim. Do not take these maintenance steps during service accumulation
on your emission-data engines.
(c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance
to address problems related to special situations, such as atypical
engine operation. You must clearly state that this additional
maintenance is associated with the special situation you are addressing.
(d) Noncritical emission-related maintenance. Subject to the
provisions of this paragraph (d), you may schedule any amount of
emission-related inspection or maintenance that is not covered by
paragraph (a) of this section (that is, maintenance that is neither
explicitly identified as critical emission-related maintenance, nor that
we approve as critical emission-related maintenance). Noncritical
emission-related maintenance generally includes maintenance on the
components we specify in 40 CFR part 1068, Appendix I that is not
covered in paragraph (a) of this section. You must state in the owners
manual that these steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related
warranty valid. If operators fail to do this maintenance, this does not
allow you to disqualify those engines from in-use testing or deny a
warranty claim. Do not take these inspection or maintenance steps during
service accumulation on your emission-data engines.
(e) Maintenance that is not emission-related. For maintenance
unrelated to emission controls, you may schedule any amount of
inspection or maintenance. You may also take these inspection or
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data
engines, as long as they are reasonable and technologically necessary.
This might include adding engine oil, changing air, fuel, or oil
filters, servicing engine-cooling systems, and adjusting idle speed,
governor, engine bolt torque, valve lash, or injector lash. You may
perform this nonemission-related maintenance on emission-data engines at
the least frequent intervals that you recommend to the ultimate
purchaser (but not intervals recommended for severe service).
(f) Source of parts and repairs. State clearly on the first page of
your written maintenance instructions that a repair shop or person of
the owner's choosing may maintain, replace, or repair emission control
devices and systems. Your instructions may not require components or
service identified by brand, trade, or corporate name. Also, do not
directly or indirectly condition your warranty on a requirement that the
engine be serviced by your franchised dealers or any other service
establishments with which you have a commercial relationship. You may
disregard the requirements in this paragraph (f) if you do one of two
things:

[[Page 282]]

(1) Provide a component or service without charge under the purchase
agreement.
(2) Get us to waive this prohibition in the public's interest by
convincing us the engine will work properly only with the identified
component or service.
(g) Payment for scheduled maintenance. Owners are responsible for
properly maintaining their engines. This generally includes paying for
scheduled maintenance. However, manufacturers must pay for scheduled
maintenance during the useful life if it meets all the following
criteria:
(1) Each affected component was not in general use on similar
engines before the applicable dates shown in paragraph (6) of the
definition of ``new marine engine'' in Sec. 1042.901.
(2) The primary function of each affected component is to reduce
emissions.
(3) The cost of the scheduled maintenance is more than 2 percent of
the price of the engine.
(4) Failure to perform the maintenance would not cause clear
problems that would significantly degrade the engine's performance.
(h) Owners manual. Explain the owner's responsibility for proper
maintenance in the owners manual.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22999, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.130 Installation instructions for vessel manufacturers.

(a) If you sell an engine for someone else to install in a vessel,
give the engine installer instructions for installing it consistent with
the requirements of this part. Include all information necessary to
ensure that an engine will be installed in its certified configuration.
(b) Make sure these instructions have the following information:
(1) Include the heading: ``Emission-related installation
instructions''.
(2) State: ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing a
certified engine in a vessel violates federal law (40 CFR 1068.105(b)),
subject to fines or other penalties as described in the Clean Air
Act.''.
(3) Describe the instructions needed to properly install the exhaust
system and any other components. Include instructions consistent with
the requirements of Sec. 1042.205(u).
(4) Describe any necessary steps for installing the diagnostic
system described in Sec. 1042.110.
(5) Describe any limits on the range of applications needed to
ensure that the engine operates consistently with your application for
certification. For example, if your engines are certified only for
constant-speed operation, tell vessel manufacturers not to install the
engines in variable-speed applications or modify the governor.
(6) Describe any other instructions to make sure the installed
engine will operate according to design specifications in your
application for certification. This may include, for example,
instructions for installing aftertreatment devices when installing the
engines.
(7) State: ``If you install the engine in a way that makes the
engine's emission control information label hard to read during normal
engine maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the vessel, as
described in 40 CFR 1068.105.''.
(8) Describe any vessel labeling requirements specified in Sec.
1042.135.
(c) You do not need installation instructions for engines you
install in your own vessels.
(d) Provide instructions in writing or in an equivalent format. For
example, you may post instructions on a publicly available Web site for
downloading or printing. If you do not provide the instructions in
writing, explain in your application for certification how you will
ensure that each installer is informed of the installation requirements.

Sec. 1042.135 Labeling.

[[Page 283]]

(3) Durable and readable for the engine's entire life.
(4) Written in English.
(c) The label must--
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may identify
another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you comply
with the provisions of Sec. 1042.640.
(3) Include EPA's standardized designation for the engine family
(and subfamily, where applicable).
(4) Identify all the emission standards that apply to the engine (or
FELs, if applicable). If you do not declare an FEL under subpart H of
this part, you may alternatively state the engine's category,
displacement (in liters or L/cyl), maximum engine power (in kW), and
power density (in kW/L) as needed to determine the emission standards
for the engine family. You may specify displacement, maximum engine
power, or power density as a range consistent with the ranges listed in
Sec. 1042.101. See Sec. 1042.140 for descriptions of how to specify
per-cylinder displacement, maximum engine power, and power density.
(5) State the date of manufacture [DAY (optional), MONTH, and YEAR];
however, you may omit this from the label if you stamp, engrave, or
otherwise permanently identify it elsewhere on the engine, in which case
you must also describe in your application for certification where you
will identify the date on the engine.
(6) Identify the application(s) for which the engine family is
certified (such as constant-speed auxiliary, variable-speed propulsion
engines used with fixed-pitch propellers, etc.). If the engine is
certified as a recreational engine, state: ``INSTALLING THIS
RECREATIONAL ENGINE IN A COMMERCIAL VESSEL OR USING THE VESSEL FOR
COMMERCIAL PURPOSES MAY VIOLATE FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY (40
CFR 1042.601).''.
(7) For engines requiring ULSD, state: ``ULTRA LOW SULFUR DIESEL
FUEL ONLY''.
(8) State the useful life for your engine family if the applicable
useful life is based on the provisions of Sec. 1042.101(e)(2) or (3),
or Sec. 1042.104(d)(2).
(9) Identify the emission control system. Use terms and
abbreviations as described in 40 CFR 1068.45. You may omit this
information from the label if there is not enough room for it and you
put it in the owners manual instead.
(10) State: ``THIS MARINE ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS
FOR [MODEL YEAR].''.
(11) For a Category 1 or Category 2 engine that can be modified to
operate on residual fuel, but has not been certified to meet the
standards on such a fuel, include the statement: ``THIS ENGINE IS
CERTIFIED FOR OPERATION ONLY WITH DIESEL FUEL. MODIFYING THE ENGINE TO
OPERATE ON RESIDUAL OR INTERMEDIATE FUEL MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL
LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTIES.''
(12) For an engine equipped with on-off emissions controls as
allowed by Sec. 1042.115, include the statement: ``THIS ENGINE IS
CERTIFIED WITH ON-OFF EMISSION CONTROLS. OPERATION OF THE ENGINE
CONTRARY TO 40 CFR 1042.115(g) IS A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO
CIVIL PENALTIES.''
(13) For engines intended for installation on domestic or public
vessels, include the following statement: ``THIS ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY
WITH INTERNATIONAL MARINE REGULATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL VESSELS UNLESS IT
IS ALSO COVERED BY AN EIAPP CERTIFICATE.''
(d) You may add information to the emission control information
label as follows:
(1) You may identify other emission standards that the engine meets
or does not meet (such as international standards). You may include this
information by adding it to the statement we specify or by including a
separate statement.
(2) You may add other information to ensure that the engine will be
properly maintained and used.
(3) You may add appropriate features to prevent counterfeit labels.
For example, you may include the engine's unique identification number
on the label.

[[Page 284]]

(e) For engines requiring ULSD, create a separate label with the
statement: ``ULTRA LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUEL ONLY''. Permanently attach
this label to the vessel near the fuel inlet or, if you do not
manufacture the vessel, take one of the following steps to ensure that
the vessel will be properly labeled:
(1) Provide the label to each vessel manufacturer and include in the
emission-related installation instructions the requirement to place this
label near the fuel inlet.
(2) Confirm that the vessel manufacturers install their own
complying labels.
(f) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
part 1042 if you show that it is necessary or appropriate. We will
approve your request if your alternate label is consistent with the
intent of the labeling requirements of this part.
(g) If you obscure the engine label while installing the engine in
the vessel such that the label will be hard to read during normal
maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the vessel. If others
install your engine in their vessels in a way that obscures the engine
label, we require them to add a duplicate label on the vessel (see 40
CFR 1068.105); in that case, give them the number of duplicate labels
they request and keep the following records for at least five years:
(1) Written documentation of the request from the vessel
manufacturer.
(2) The number of duplicate labels you send for each family and the
date you sent them.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 22999, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.140 Maximum engine power, displacement, power density, and maximum

in-use engine speed.

This section describes how to determine the maximum engine power,
displacement, and power density of an engine for the purposes of this
part. Note that maximum engine power may differ from the definition of
``maximum test power'' in Sec. 1042.901. This section also specifies
how to determine maximum in-use engine speed for Category 3 engines.
(a) An engine configuration's maximum engine power is the maximum
brake power point on the nominal power curve for the engine
configuration, as defined in this section. Round the power value to the
nearest whole kilowatt.
(b) The nominal power curve of an engine configuration is the
relationship between maximum available engine brake power and engine
speed for an engine, using the mapping procedures of 40 CFR part 1065,
based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the
engine. This information may also be expressed by a torque curve that
relates maximum available engine torque with engine speed.
(c) An engine configuration's per-cylinder displacement is the
intended swept volume of each cylinder. The swept volume of the engine
is the product of the internal cross-section area of the cylinders, the
stroke length, and the number of cylinders. Calculate the engine's
intended swept volume from the design specifications for the cylinders
using enough significant figures to allow determination of the
displacement to the nearest 0.02 liters. Determine the final value by
truncating digits to establish the per-cylinder displacement to the
nearest 0.1 liters. For example, for an engine with circular cylinders
having an internal diameter of 13.0 cm and a 15.5 cm stroke length, the
rounded displacement would be: (13.0/2) \2\ x ([pi]) x (15.5) / 1000 =
2.0 liters.
(d) The nominal power curve and intended swept volume must be within
the range of the actual power curves and swept volumes of production
engines considering normal production variability. If after production
begins, it is determined that either your nominal power curve or your
intended swept volume does not represent production engines, we may
require you to amend your application for certification under Sec.
1042.225.
(e) Throughout this part, references to a specific power value for
an engine are based on maximum engine power. For example, the group of
engines with maximum engine power above 600 kW may be referred to as
engines above 600 kW.

[[Page 285]]

(f) Calculate an engine family's power density in kW/L by dividing
the unrounded maximum engine power by the engine's unrounded per-
cylinder displacement, then dividing by the number of cylinders. Round
the calculated value to the nearest whole number.
(g) Calculate a maximum test speed for the nominal power curve as
specified in 40 CFR 1065.610. This is the maximum in-use engine speed
used for calculating the NOX standard in Sec. 1042.104 for
Category 3 engines. Alternatively, you may use a lower value if engine
speed will be limited in actual use to that lower value.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23000, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.145 Interim provisions.

(a) General. The provisions in this section apply instead of other
provisions in this part. This section describes when these interim
provisions expire. Only the provisions of paragraph (h) of this section
apply for Category 3 engines.
(b) Delayed standards. Post-manufacturer marinizers that are small-
volume engine manufacturers may delay compliance with the Tier 3
standards for engines below 600 kW as follows:
(1) You may delay compliance with the Tier 3 standards for one model
year, as long as the engines meet all the requirements that apply to
Tier 2 engines.
(2) You may delay compliance with the NTE standards for Tier 3
engines for three model years in addition to the one-year delay
specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, as long as the engines
meet all other Tier 3 requirements for the appropriate model year.
(c) Part 1065 test procedures for Category 1 and Category 2 engines.
You must generally use the test procedures specified in subpart F of
this part, including the applicable test procedures in 40 CFR part 1065.
As specified in this paragraph (c), you may use a combination of the
test procedures specified in this part and the test procedures specified
for Tier 2 engines before January 1, 2015. After this date, you must use
test procedures only as specified in subpart F of this part.
(1) You may determine maximum test speed for engines below 37 kW as
specified in 40 CFR part 89 without request through the 2009 model year.
(2) Before January 1, 2015, you may ask to use some or all of the
procedures specified in 40 CFR part 94 (or 40 CFR part 89 for engines
below 37 kW) for engines certified under this part 1042. If you ask to
rely on a combination of procedures under this paragraph (c)(2), we will
approve your request only if you show us that it does not affect your
ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission
standards. This generally requires that the combined procedures would
result in emission measurements at least as high as those that would be
measured using the procedures specified in this part. Alternatively, you
may demonstrate that the combined effects of the different procedures is
small relative to your compliance margin (the degree to which your
emissions are below the applicable standards).
(d) [Reserved]
(e) Delayed compliance with NTE standards. Engines below 56 kW may
delay complying with the NTE standards specified in Sec. 1042.101(c)
until the 2013 model year. Engines at or above 56 kW and below 75 kW may
delay complying with the NTE standards specified in Sec. 1042.101(c)
until the 2012 model year.
(f) In-use compliance limits. The provisions of this paragraph (f)
apply for the first three model years of the Tier 4 standards. For
purposes of determining compliance based on testing other than
certification or production-line testing, calculate the applicable in-
use compliance limits by adjusting the applicable standards/FELs. The PM
adjustment does not apply for engines with a PM standard or FEL above
0.04 g/kW-hr. The NOX adjustment does not apply for engines
with a NOX FEL above 2.7 g/kW-hr. Add the applicable
adjustments in one of the following tables to the otherwise applicable
standards and NTE limits. You must specify during certification which
add-ons, if any, will apply for your engines.

[[Page 286]]

Table 1 to Sec. 1042.145--In-use Adjustments for the First Three Model
Years of the Tier 4 Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In-use adjustments (g/kW-hr)
-----------------------------------
Fraction of useful life already used For Tier 4 NOX For Tier 4 PM
standards standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 < hours <= 50% of useful life..... 0.9 0.02
50 < hours <= 75% of useful life.... 1.3 0.02
hours 75% of useful life 1.7 0.02
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 2 to Sec. 1042.145--Optional In-Use Adjustments for the First
Three Model Years of the Tier 4 Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In-use adjustments (g/kW-hr)
-------------------------------
For model year For model year
Fraction of useful life already used 2017 and 2017 and
earlier Tier 4 earlier Tier 4
NOX standards PM standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 < hours <= 50% of useful life......... 0.3 0.05
50 < hours <= 75% of useful life........ 0.4 0.05
hours 75% of useful life.... 0.5 0.05
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(g) Deficiencies for NTE standards. You may ask us to accept as
compliant an engine that does not fully meet specific requirements under
the applicable NTE standards. Such deficiencies are intended to allow
for minor deviations from the NTE standards under limited conditions. We
expect your engines to have functioning emission control hardware that
allows you to comply with the NTE standards.
(1) Request our approval for specific deficiencies in your
application for certification, or before you submit your application. We
will not approve deficiencies retroactively to cover engines already
certified. In your request, identify the scope of each deficiency and
describe any auxiliary emission control devices you will use to control
emissions to the lowest practical level, considering the deficiency you
are requesting.
(2) We will approve a deficiency only if compliance would be
infeasible or unreasonable considering such factors as the technical
feasibility of the given hardware and the applicable lead time and
production cycles. We may consider other relevant factors.
(3) Our approval applies only for a single model year and may be
limited to specific engine configurations. We may approve your request
for the same deficiency in the following model year if correcting the
deficiency would require unreasonable hardware or software modifications
and we determine that you have demonstrated an acceptable level of
effort toward complying.
(4) You may ask for any number of deficiencies in the first three
model years during which NTE standards apply for your engines. For the
next four model years, we may approve up to three deficiencies per
engine family. Deficiencies of the same type that apply similarly to
different power ratings within a family count as one deficiency per
family. We may condition approval of any such additional deficiencies
during these four years on any additional conditions we determine to be
appropriate. We will not approve deficiencies after the seven-year
period specified in this paragraph (g)(4), unless they are related to
safety.
(h) The following interim provisions apply for Category 3 engines:
(1) Applicability of Tier 3 standards to Category 3 engines
operating in Alaska, Hawaii, and U.S. territories. (i) Category 3
engines are not required to comply with the Tier 3 NOX
standard when operating in areas of Guam, American Samoa, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, or U.S.
Virgin Islands. Category 3 engines are also not required to comply with
the Tier 3 NOX standards when operating in the waters of the
smallest Hawaiian islands or in the waters of

[[Page 287]]

Alaska west of Kodiak. For the purpose of this paragraph (h)(1), ``the
smallest Hawaiian islands'' includes all Hawaiian islands other than
Hawaii, Kahoolawe, Kauai, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, Niihau, and Oahu.
Engines must comply fully with the appropriate Tier 2 NOX
standard and all other applicable requirements when operating in the
areas identified in this paragraph (h)(1).
(ii) The provisions of paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section do not
apply to ships operating in an ECA or an ECA associated area. The Tier 3
standards apply in full for any area included in an ECA or an ECA
associated area.
(2) Part 1065 test procedures. You must generally use the test
procedures specified in subpart F of this part for Category 3 engines,
including the applicable test procedures in 40 CFR part 1065. You may
use a combination of the test procedures specified in this part and the
test procedures specified in 40 CFR part 94 before January 1, 2016
without request. After this date, you must use test procedures only as
specified in subpart F of this part.
(i) Limitation of 40 CFR 1068.101 before July 1, 2010.
Notwithstanding other provisions of this part or 40 CFR part 94, for the
period June 29, 2010 through July 1, 2010, it is not a violation of 40
CFR 1068.101 to operate in U.S. waters uncertified engines installed on
vessels manufactured outside of the United States before June 29, 2010.
Operation of such vessels in U.S. waters on or after July 1, 2010 is
deemed to be introduction into U.S. commerce of a new marine engine.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23000, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

Sec. 1042.201 General requirements for obtaining a certificate of conformity.

(a) You must send us a separate application for a certificate of
conformity for each engine family. A certificate of conformity is valid
starting with the indicated effective date, but it is not valid for any
production after December 31 of the model year for which it is issued.
No certificate will be issued after December 31 of the model year.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part and must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see Sec. 1042.255).
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this subpart, as long as you maintain all the information required by
Sec. 1042.250.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.
(f) See Sec. 1042.255 for provisions describing how we will process
your application.
(g) We may require you to deliver your test engines to a facility we
designate for our testing (see Sec. 1042.235(c)).
(h) For engines that become new after being placed into service,
such as engines installed on imported vessels, we may specify alternate
certification provisions consistent with the intent of this part. See
the definition of ``new marine engine'' in Sec. 1042.901.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23000, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.205 Application requirements.

[[Page 288]]

all fuel-system components you will install on any production or test
engine. Identify the part number of each component you describe. For
this paragraph (b), treat as separate AECDs any devices that modulate or
activate differently from each other. Include all the following:
(1) Give a general overview of the engine, the emission control
strategies, and all AECDs.
(2) Describe each AECD's general purpose and function.
(3) Identify the parameters that each AECD senses (including
measuring, estimating, calculating, or empirically deriving the values).
Include vessel-based parameters and state whether you simulate them
during testing with the applicable procedures.
(4) Describe the purpose for sensing each parameter.
(5) Identify the location of each sensor the AECD uses.
(6) Identify the threshold values for the sensed parameters that
activate the AECD.
(7) Describe the parameters that the AECD modulates (controls) in
response to any sensed parameters, including the range of modulation for
each parameter, the relationship between the sensed parameters and the
controlled parameters and how the modulation achieves the AECD's stated
purpose. Use graphs and tables, as necessary.
(8) Describe each AECD's specific calibration details. This may be
in the form of data tables, graphical representations, or some other
description.
(9) Describe the hierarchy among the AECDs when multiple AECDs sense
or modulate the same parameter. Describe whether the strategies interact
in a comparative or additive manner and identify which AECD takes
precedence in responding, if applicable.
(10) Explain the extent to which the AECD is included in the
applicable test procedures specified in subpart F of this part.
(11) Do the following additional things for AECDs designed to
protect engines or vessels:
(i) Identify the engine and/or vessel design limits that make
protection necessary and describe any damage that would occur without
the AECD.
(ii) Describe how each sensed parameter relates to the protected
components' design limits or those operating conditions that cause the
need for protection.
(iii) Describe the relationship between the design limits/parameters
being protected and the parameters sensed or calculated as surrogates
for those design limits/parameters, if applicable.
(iv) Describe how the modulation by the AECD prevents engines and/or
vessels from exceeding design limits.
(v) Explain why it is necessary to estimate any parameters instead
of measuring them directly and describe how the AECD calculates the
estimated value, if applicable.
(vi) Describe how you calibrate the AECD modulation to activate only
during conditions related to the stated need to protect components and
only as needed to sufficiently protect those components in a way that
minimizes the emission impact.
(12) Include any other information required by this part with
respect to AECDs. For example, see Sec. 1042.115 for requirements
related to on-off technologies.
(c) If your engines are equipped with an engine diagnostic system,
explain how it works, describing especially the engine conditions (with
the corresponding diagnostic trouble codes) that cause the malfunction-
indicator light to go on.
(d) Describe the engines you selected for testing and the reasons
for selecting them.
(e) Describe the test equipment and procedures that you used,
including the duty cycle(s) and the corresponding engine applications.
Also describe any special or alternate test procedures you used.
(f) Describe how you operated the emission-data engine before
testing, including the duty cycle and the number of engine operating
hours used to stabilize emission levels. Explain why you selected the
method of service accumulation. Describe any scheduled maintenance you
did.
(g) List the specifications of the test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges we specify in 40 CFR part 1065.

[[Page 289]]

(h) Identify the engine family's useful life.
(i) Include the maintenance and warranty instructions you will give
to the ultimate purchaser of each new engine (see Sec. Sec. 1042.120
and 1042.125). Describe your plan for meeting warranty obligations under
Sec. 1042.120.
(j) Include the emission-related installation instructions you will
provide if someone else installs your engines in a vessel (see Sec.
1042.130).
(k) Describe your emission control information label (see Sec.
1042.135).
(l) Identify the emission standards and/or FELs to which you are
certifying engines in the engine family.
(m) Identify the engine family's deterioration factors and describe
how you developed them (see Sec. 1042.245). Present any emission test
data you used for this.
(n) State that you operated your emission-data engines as described
in the application (including the test procedures, test parameters, and
test fuels) to show you meet the requirements of this part.
(o) Present emission data for HC, NOX, PM, and CO on an
emission-data engine to show your engines meet emission standards as
specified in Sec. Sec. 1042.101 or 1042.104. Note that you must submit
PM data for all engines, whether or not a PM standard applies. Show
emission figures before and after applying adjustment factors for
regeneration and deterioration factors for each pollutant and for each
engine. If we specify more than one grade of any fuel type (for example,
high-sulfur and low-sulfur diesel fuel), you need to submit test data
only for one grade, unless the regulations of this part specify
otherwise for your engine. Include emission results for each mode for
Category 3 engines or for other engines if you do discrete-mode testing
under Sec. 1042.505. Note that Sec. Sec. 1042.235 and 1042.245 allows
you to submit an application in certain cases without new emission data.
(p) For Category 1 and Category 2 engines, state that all the
engines in the engine family comply with the applicable not-to-exceed
emission standards in Sec. 1042.101 for all normal operation and use
when tested as specified in Sec. 1042.515. Describe any relevant
testing, engineering analysis, or other information in sufficient detail
to support your statement.
(q) [Reserved]
(r) Report test results as follows:
(1) Report all test results involving measurement of pollutants for
which emission standards apply. Include test results from invalid tests
or from any other tests, whether or not they were conducted according to
the test procedures of subpart F of this part. We may ask you to send
other information to confirm that your tests were valid under the
requirements of this part and 40 CFR part 1065.
(2) Report measured CO2, N2O, and
CH4 as described in Sec. 1042.235. Small-volume engine
manufacturers may omit reporting N2O and CH4.
(s) Describe all adjustable operating parameters (see Sec.
1042.115(d)), including production tolerances. Include the following in
your description of each parameter:
(1) The nominal or recommended setting.
(2) The intended physically adjustable range.
(3) The limits or stops used to establish adjustable ranges.
(4) For Category 1 engines, information showing why the limits,
stops, or other means of inhibiting adjustment are effective in
preventing adjustment of parameters on in-use engines to settings
outside your intended physically adjustable ranges.
(5) For Category 2 and Category 3 engines, propose a range of
adjustment for each adjustable parameter, as described in Sec.
1042.115(d). Include information showing why the limits, stops, or other
means of inhibiting adjustment are effective in preventing adjustment of
parameters on in-use engines to settings outside your proposed
adjustable ranges.
(t) Provide the information to read, record, and interpret all the
information broadcast by an engine's onboard computers and electronic
control units. State that, upon request, you will give us any hardware,
software, or tools we would need to do this. If you broadcast a
surrogate parameter for torque values, you must provide us what we need
to convert these into torque units. You may reference any appropriate
publicly

[[Page 290]]

released standards that define conventions for these messages and
parameters. Format your information consistent with publicly released
standards.
(u) Confirm that your emission-related installation instructions
specify how to ensure that sampling of exhaust emissions will be
possible after engines are installed in vessels and placed in service.
Show how to sample exhaust emissions in a way that prevents diluting the
exhaust sample with ambient air.
(v) State whether your certification is limited for certain engines.
If this is the case, describe how you will prevent use of these engines
in applications for which they are not certified. This applies for
engines such as the following:
(1) Constant-speed engines.
(2) Engines used with controllable-pitch propellers.
(3) Recreational engines.
(w) Unconditionally certify that all the engines in the engine
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.
(x) Include good-faith estimates of U.S.-directed production
volumes. Include a justification for the estimated production volumes if
they are substantially different than actual production volumes in
earlier years for similar models.
(y) Include the information required by other subparts of this part.
For example, include the information required by Sec. 1042.725 if you
participate in the ABT program.
(z) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or 40 CFR part 1068 related to requests for
exemptions.
(aa) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.
(bb) The following provisions apply for imported engines:
(1) Describe your normal practice for importing engines. For
example, this may include identifying the names and addresses of any
agents you have authorized to import your engines. Engines imported by
nonauthorized agents are not covered by your certificate.
(2) For engines below 560 kW, identify a test facility in the United
States where you can test your engines if we select them for testing
under a selective enforcement audit, as specified in 40 CFR part 1068.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56509, Oct. 30, 2009;
75 FR 23000, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.210 Preliminary approval.

If you send us information before you finish the application, we
will review it and make any appropriate determinations, especially for
questions related to engine family definitions, auxiliary emission
control devices, deterioration factors, useful life, testing for service
accumulation, maintenance, and compliance with not-to-exceed standards.
See Sec. 1042.245 for specific provisions that apply for deterioration
factors. Decisions made under this section are considered to be
preliminary approval, subject to final review and approval. We will
generally not reverse a decision where we have given you preliminary
approval, unless we find new information supporting a different
decision. If you request preliminary approval related to the upcoming
model year or the model year after that, we will make best-efforts to
make the appropriate determinations as soon as practicable. We will
generally not provide preliminary approval related to a future model
year more than two years ahead of time.

Sec. 1042.220 Amending maintenance instructions.

[[Page 291]]

maintenance instructions rather than the newly specified maintenance,
this does not allow you to disqualify those engines from in-use testing
or deny a warranty claim.
(a) If you are decreasing or eliminating any specified maintenance,
you may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your customers 30
days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove your request.
This would generally include replacing one maintenance step with
another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.
(b) If your requested change would not decrease the specified
maintenance, you may distribute the new maintenance instructions anytime
after you send your request. For example, this paragraph (b) would cover
adding instructions to increase the frequency of filter changes for
engines in severe-duty applications.
(c) You need not request approval if you are making only minor
corrections (such as correcting typographical mistakes), clarifying your
maintenance instructions, or changing instructions for maintenance
unrelated to emission control. We may ask you to send us copies of
maintenance instructions revised under this paragraph (c).

[75 FR 23001, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.225 Amending applications for certification.

[[Page 292]]

you to recall the engines at no expense to the owner. Choosing to
produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be consent to
recall all engines that we determine do not meet applicable emission
standards or other requirements and to remedy the nonconformity at no
expense to the owner. If you do not provide information required under
paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days after we request it, you
must stop producing the new or modified engines.
(f) You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in certain cases
after the start of production. The changed FEL may not apply to engines
you have already introduced into U.S. commerce, except as described in
this paragraph (f). If we approve a changed FEL after the start of
production, you must include the new FEL on the emission control
information label for all engines produced after the change. You may ask
us to approve a change to your FEL in the following cases:
(1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your engine family at any
time. In your request, you must show that you will still be able to meet
the emission standards as specified in subparts B and H of this part. If
you amend your application by submitting new test data to include a
newly added or modified engine, as described in paragraph (b)(3) of this
section, use the appropriate FELs with corresponding production volumes
to calculate emission credits for the model year, as described in
subpart H of this part. In all other circumstances, you must use the
higher FEL for the entire family to calculate emission credits under
subpart H of this part.
(2) You may ask to lower the FEL for your engine family only if you
have test data from production engines showing that emissions are below
the proposed lower FEL. The lower FEL applies only to engines you
produce after we approve the new FEL. Use the appropriate FELs with
corresponding production volumes to calculate emission credits for the
model year, as described in subpart H of this part.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23001, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.230 Engine families.

(a) For purposes of certification, divide your product line into
families of engines that are expected to have similar emission
characteristics throughout the useful life as described in this section.
You may not group engines in different engine categories in the same
family. Your engine family is limited to a single model year.
(b) For Category 1 engines, group engines in the same engine family
if they are the same in all the following aspects:
(1) The combustion cycle and the fuel with which the engine is
intended or designed to be operated.
(2) The cooling system (for example, raw-water vs. separate-circuit
cooling).
(3) Method of air aspiration.
(4) Method of exhaust aftertreatment (for example, catalytic
converter or particulate trap).
(5) Combustion chamber design.
(6) Nominal bore and stroke.
(7) Cylinder arrangement (such as in-line vs. vee configurations).
This applies for engines with aftertreatment devices only.
(8) Method of control for engine operation other than governing
(i.e., mechanical or electronic).
(9) Application (commercial or recreational).
(10) Numerical level of the emission standards that apply to the
engine, except as allowed under paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section.
(c) For Category 2 engines, group engines in the same engine family
if they are the same in all the following aspects:
(1) The combustion cycle (e.g., diesel cycle).
(2) The fuel with which the engine is intended or designed to be
operated and the fuel system configuration.
(3) The cooling system (for example, air-cooled or water-cooled),
and procedure(s) employed to maintain engine temperature within desired
limits (thermostat, on-off radiator fans, radiator shutters, etc.).
(4) The method of air aspiration (turbocharged, supercharged,
naturally aspirated, Roots blown).
(5) The turbocharger or supercharger general performance
characteristics

[[Page 293]]

(e.g., approximate boost pressure, approximate response time,
approximate size relative to engine displacement).
(6) The type of air inlet cooler (air-to-air, air-to-liquid,
approximate degree to which inlet air is cooled).
(7) The type of exhaust aftertreatment system (oxidation catalyst,
particulate trap), and characteristics of the aftertreatment system
(catalyst loading, converter size vs. engine size).
(8) The combustion chamber configuration and the surface-to-volume
ratio of the combustion chamber when the piston is at top dead center
position, using nominal combustion chamber dimensions.
(9) Nominal bore and stroke dimensions.
(10) The location of the piston rings on the piston.
(11) The intake manifold induction port size and configuration.
(12) The exhaust manifold port size and configuration.
(13) The location of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
(14) The size of the intake and exhaust valves (or ports).
(15) The approximate intake and exhaust event timing and duration
(valve or port).
(16) The configuration of the fuel injectors and approximate
injection pressure.
(17) The type of fuel injection system controls (i.e., mechanical or
electronic).
(18) The overall injection timing characteristics, or as appropriate
ignition timing characteristics (i.e., the deviation of the timing
curves from the optimal fuel economy timing curve must be similar in
degree).
(19) The type of smoke control system.
(d) For Category 3 engines, group engines into engine families based
on the criteria specified in Section 4.3 of the NOX Technical
Code (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1042.910), except as allowed in
paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.
(e) You may subdivide a group of engines that is identical under
paragraph (b) or (c) of this section into different engine families if
you show the expected emission characteristics are different during the
useful life. However, for the purpose of applying small-volume family
provisions of this part, we will consider the otherwise applicable
engine family criteria of this section.
(f) You may group engines that are not identical with respect to the
things listed in paragraph (b), (c), or (d) of this section in the same
engine family, as follows:
(1) In unusual circumstances, you may group such engines in the same
engine family if you show that their emission characteristics during the
useful life will be similar.
(2) If you are a small-volume engine manufacturer, you may group any
Category 1 engines into a single engine family or you may group any
Category 2 engines into a single engine family. This also applies if you
are a post-manufacture marinizer modifying a base engine that has a
valid certificate of conformity for any kind of nonroad or heavy-duty
highway engine under this chapter.
(3) The provisions of this paragraph (f) do not exempt any engines
from meeting the standards and requirements in subpart B of this part.
(g) If you combine engines that are subject to different emission
standards into a single engine family under paragraph (f) of this
section, you must certify the engine family to the more stringent set of
standards for that model year. For Category 3 engine families that
include a range of maximum in-use engine speeds, use the highest value
of maximum in-use engine speed to establish the applicable
NOX emission standard.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23001, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.235 Emission testing related to certification.

This section describes the emission testing you must perform to show
compliance with the emission standards in Sec. 1042.101(a) or Sec.
1042.104. See Sec. 1042.205(p) regarding emission testing related to
the NTE standards. See Sec. Sec. 1042.240 and 1042.245 and 40 CFR part
1065, subpart E, regarding service accumulation before emission testing.
See Sec. 1042.655 for special testing provisions available for Category
3 engines subject to Tier 3 standards.

[[Page 294]]

(a) Select an emission-data engine from each engine family for
testing. For engines at or above 560 kW, you may use a development
engine that is equivalent in design to the engine being certified. For
Category 3 engines, you may use a single-cylinder version of the engine.
Using good engineering judgment, select the engine configuration most
likely to exceed an applicable emission standard over the useful life,
considering all exhaust emission constituents and the range of
installation options available to vessel manufacturers.
(b) Test your emission-data engines using the procedures and
equipment specified in subpart F of this part.
(c) We may measure emissions from any of your emission-data engines
or other engines from the engine family, as follows:
(1) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. If we do this, you must deliver the engine to a test facility
we designate. The engine you provide must include appropriate manifolds,
aftertreatment devices, electronic control units, and other emission-
related components not normally attached directly to the engine block.
If we do the testing at your plant, you must schedule it as soon as
possible and make available the instruments, personnel, and equipment we
need.
(2) If we measure emissions from one of your engines, the results of
that testing become the official emission results for the engine. Unless
we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to consider your data
in determining if your engine family meets applicable requirements.
(3) Before we test one of your engines, we may set its adjustable
parameters to any point within the specified adjustable ranges (see
Sec. 1042.115(d)).
(4) Before we test one of your engines, we may calibrate it within
normal production tolerances for anything we do not consider an
adjustable parameter. For example, this would apply for an engine
parameter that is subject to production variability because it is
adjustable during production, but is not considered an adjustable
parameter (as defined in Sec. 1042.901) because it is permanently
sealed.
(d) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous model
year instead of doing new tests, but only if all the following are true:
(1) The engine family from the previous model year differs from the
current engine family only with respect to model year or other
characteristics unrelated to emissions. You may also ask to add a
configuration subject to Sec. 1042.225.
(2) The emission-data engine from the previous model year remains
the appropriate emission-data engine under paragraph (b) of this
section.
(3) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the
requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the application
for certification. For engines originally tested under the provisions of
40 CFR part 94, you may consider those test procedures to be equivalent
to the procedures we specify in subpart F of this part.
(e) We may require you to test a second engine of the same or
different configuration in addition to the engine tested under paragraph
(b) of this section.
(f) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in subpart F of this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.
(g) Measure CO2 with each low-hour certification test
using the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065 starting in the 2011
model year. Also measure CH4 from Category 1 and Category 2
engines with each low-hour certification test using the procedures
specified in 40 CFR part 1065 starting in the 2012 model year. Measure
N2O from Category 1 and Category 2 engines with each low-hour
certification test using the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065
for any engine family that depends on NOx aftertreatment to meet
emission standards. Small-volume engine manufacturers may omit
measurement of N2O and CH4. These measurements are
not required for NTE testing. Use the same units and modal calculations
as for your other results to report a

[[Page 295]]

single weighted value for each constituent. Round the final values as
follows:
(1) Round CO2 to the nearest 1 g/kW-hr.
(2) Round N2O to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr.
(3) Round CH4 to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56509, Oct. 30, 2009;
75 FR 23002, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.240 Demonstrating compliance with exhaust emission standards.

(a) For purposes of certification, your engine family is considered
in compliance with the emission standards in Sec. 1042.101(a) or Sec.
1042.104 if all emission-data engines representing that family have test
results showing official emission results and deteriorated emission
levels at or below these standards. This also applies for all test
points for emission-data engines within the family used to establish
deterioration factors. See paragraph (f) of this section for provisions
related to demonstrating compliance with non-duty-cycle standards, such
as NTE standards. Note that your FELs are considered to be the
applicable emission standards with which you must comply if you
participate in the ABT program in subpart H of this part.
(b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data
engine representing that family has test results showing an official
emission result or a deteriorated emission level for any pollutant that
is above an applicable emission standard. Similarly, your engine family
is deemed not to comply if any emission-data engine representing that
family has test results showing any emission level above the applicable
not-to-exceed emission standard for any pollutant. This also applies for
all test points for emission-data engines within the family used to
establish deterioration factors.
(c) To compare emission levels from the emission-data engine with
the applicable emission standards, apply deterioration factors to the
measured emission levels for each pollutant. Section 1042.245 specifies
how to test your Category 1 or Category 2 engine to develop
deterioration factors that represent the deterioration expected in
emissions over your engines' full useful life. See paragraph (e) of this
section for determining deterioration factors for Category 3 engines.
Your deterioration factors must take into account any available data
from in-use testing with similar engines. Small-volume engine
manufacturers and post-manufacture marinizers may use assigned
deterioration factors that we establish. Apply deterioration factors as
follows:
(1) Additive deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. Except as
specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, use an additive
deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. An additive deterioration
factor is the difference between exhaust emissions at the end of the
useful life and exhaust emissions at the low-hour test point. In these
cases, adjust the official emission results for each tested engine at
the selected test point by adding the factor to the measured emissions.
If the deterioration factor is less than zero, use zero. Additive
deterioration factors must be specified to one more decimal place than
the applicable standard.
(2) Multiplicative deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. Use a
multiplicative deterioration factor if good engineering judgment calls
for the deterioration factor for a pollutant to be the ratio of exhaust
emissions at the end of the useful life to exhaust emissions at the low-
hour test point. For example, if you use aftertreatment technology that
controls emissions of a pollutant proportionally to engine-out
emissions, it is often appropriate to use a multiplicative deterioration
factor. Adjust the official emission results for each tested engine at
the selected test point by multiplying the measured emissions by the
deterioration factor. If the deterioration factor is less than one, use
one. A multiplicative deterioration factor may not be appropriate in
cases where testing variability is significantly greater than engine-to-
engine variability. Multiplicative deterioration factors must be
specified to one more significant figure than the applicable standard.
(3) Deterioration factor for crankcase emissions. If your engine
vents crankcase emissions to the exhaust or to the atmosphere, you must
account for crankcase emission deterioration,

[[Page 296]]

using good engineering judgment. You may use separate deterioration
factors for crankcase emissions of each pollutant (either multiplicative
or additive) or include the effects in combined deterioration factors
that include exhaust and crankcase emissions together for each
pollutant.
(d) Collect emission data using measurements to one more decimal
place than the applicable standard. Apply the deterioration factor to
the official emission result, as described in paragraph (c) of this
section, then round the adjusted figure to the same number of decimal
places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded emission levels to
the emission standard for each emission-data engine. In the case of
NOX+HC standards, apply the deterioration factor to each
pollutant and then add the results before rounding.
(e) For Category 3 engines, determine a deterioration factor based
on an engineering analysis. The engineering analysis must describe how
the measured emission levels from the emission-data engine show that
engines comply with applicable emission standards throughout the useful
life. Include this analysis in your application for certification and
add a statement that all data, analyses, evaluations, and other
information you used are available for our review upon request.
(f) For NTE standards and mode caps, use good engineering judgment
to demonstrate compliance throughout the useful life. You may, but are
not required to, apply the same deterioration factors used to show
compliance with the applicable duty-cycle standards. We will deny your
application for certification if we determine that your test data show
that your engines would exceed one or more NTE standard or mode cap
during their useful lives.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23002, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.245 Deterioration factors.

This section describes how to determine deterioration factors for
Category 1 and Category 2 engines, either with an engineering analysis,
with pre-existing test data, or with new emission measurements. Apply
these deterioration factors to determine whether your engines will meet
the duty-cycle emission standards throughout the useful life as
described in Sec. 1042.240. This section does not apply for Category 3
engines.
(a) You may ask us to approve deterioration factors for an engine
family with established technology based on engineering analysis instead
of testing. Engines certified to a NOX+HC standard or FEL
greater than the Tier 3 NOX+HC standard are considered to
rely on established technology for control of gaseous emissions, except
that this does not include any engines that use exhaust-gas
recirculation or aftertreatment. In most cases, technologies used to
meet the Tier 1 and Tier 2 emission standards would qualify as
established technology. We must approve your plan to establish a
deterioration factor under this paragraph (a) before you submit your
application for certification.
(b) You may ask us to approve deterioration factors for an engine
family based on emission measurements from similar highway, stationary,
or nonroad engines (including locomotive engines or other marine
engines) if you have already given us these data for certifying the
other engines in the same or earlier model years. Use good engineering
judgment to decide whether the two engines are similar. We must approve
your plan to establish a deterioration factor under this paragraph (b)
before you submit your application for certification. We will approve
your request if you show us that the emission measurements from other
engines reasonably represent in-use deterioration for the engine family
for which you have not yet determined deterioration factors.
(c) If you are unable to determine deterioration factors for an
engine family under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, first get us
to approve a plan for determining deterioration factors based on service
accumulation and related testing. We will respond to your proposed plan
within 45 days of receiving your request. Your plan must involve
measuring emissions from an emission-data engine at least three times,
which are evenly spaced over the service-accumulation period unless we
specify otherwise, such that the resulting measurements and calculations

[[Page 297]]

will represent the deterioration expected from in-use engines over the
full useful life. You may use extrapolation to determine deterioration
factors once you have established a trend of changing emissions with age
for each pollutant. You may use an engine installed in a vessel to
accumulate service hours instead of running the engine only in the
laboratory. You may perform maintenance on emission-data engines as
described in Sec. 1042.125 and 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E.
(d) Include the following information in your application for
certification:
(1) If you determine your deterioration factors based on test data
from a different engine family, explain why this is appropriate and
include all the emission measurements on which you base the
deterioration factor.
(2) If you determine your deterioration factors based on engineering
analysis, explain why this is appropriate and include a statement that
all data, analyses, evaluations, and other information you used are
available for our review upon request.
(3) If you do testing to determine deterioration factors, describe
the form and extent of service accumulation, including a rationale for
selecting the service-accumulation period and the method you use to
accumulate hours.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23003, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.250 Recordkeeping and reporting.

(a) Send the Designated Compliance Officer information related to
your U.S.-directed production volumes as described in Sec. 1042.345. In
addition, within 45 days after the end of the model year, you must send
us a report describing information about engines you produced during the
model year as follows:
(1) State the total production volume for each engine family that is
not subject to reporting under Sec. 1042.345.
(2) State the total production volume for any engine family for
which you produce engines after completing the reports required in Sec.
1042.345.
(b) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1042.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of each emission-data engine. For each
engine, describe all of the following:
(i) The emission-data engine's construction, including its origin
and buildup, steps you took to ensure that it represents production
engines, any components you built specially for it, and all the
components you include in your application for certification.
(ii) How you accumulated engine operating hours (service
accumulation), including the dates and the number of hours accumulated.
(iii) All maintenance, including modifications, parts changes, and
other service, and the dates and reasons for the maintenance.
(iv) All your emission tests (valid and invalid), including
documentation on routine and standard tests, as specified in part 40 CFR
part 1065, and the date and purpose of each test.
(v) All tests to diagnose engine or emission control performance,
giving the date and time of each and the reasons for the test.
(vi) Any other significant events.
(4) Production figures for each engine family divided by assembly
plant.
(5) Keep a list of engine identification numbers for all the engines
you produce under each certificate of conformity.
(c) Keep data from routine emission tests (such as test cell
temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one year after we issue
the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all other information
specified in this section for eight years after we issue your
certificate.
(d) Store these records in any format and on any media, as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review
them at any time.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23003, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.255 EPA decisions.

(a) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
engine family meets all the requirements of

[[Page 298]]

this part and the Clean Air Act, we will issue a certificate of
conformity for your engine family for that model year. We may make the
approval subject to additional conditions.
(b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke
your certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (e) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent).
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
(5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized
activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all engines being produced.
(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the
Clean Air Act or this part.
(d) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information as required under this part or the
Clean Air Act.
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1042.920).

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23003, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart D_Testing Production-line Engines

Sec. 1042.301 General provisions.

(a) If you produce engines that are subject to the requirements of
this part, you must test them as described in this subpart, except as
follows:
(1) Small-volume engine manufacturers may omit testing under this
subpart.
(2) We may exempt Category 1 engine families with a projected U.S.-
directed production volume below 100 engines from routine testing under
this subpart. Request this exemption in your application for
certification and include your basis for projecting a production volume
below 100 units. We will approve your request if we agree that you have
made good-faith estimates of your production volumes. Your exemption is
approved when we grant your certificate. You must promptly notify us if
your actual production exceeds 100 units during the model year. If you
exceed the production limit or if there is evidence of a nonconformity,
we may require you to test production-line engines under this subpart,
or under 40 CFR part 1068, subpart E, even if we have approved an
exemption under this paragraph (a)(2).
(3) [Reserved]
(b) We may suspend or revoke your certificate of conformity for
certain engine families if your production-line engines do not meet the
requirements of this part or you do not fulfill your obligations under
this subpart (see Sec. Sec. 1042.325 and 1042.340).
(c) Other regulatory provisions authorize us to suspend, revoke, or
void your certificate of conformity, or order recalls for engine
families, without regard to whether they have passed these production-
line testing requirements. The requirements of this subpart do not
affect our ability to do selective enforcement audits, as described in
40 CFR part 1068. Individual engines in families that pass these
production-line testing requirements must also conform to all applicable
regulations of this part and 40 CFR part 1068.
(d) You may use alternate programs or measurement methods for
testing production-line engines in the following circumstances:
(1) [Reserved]
(2) You may test your engines using the CumSum procedures specified
in 40 CFR part 1045 or 1051 instead of the procedures specified in this
subpart, except that the threshold for establishing

[[Page 299]]

quarterly or annual test periods is based on U.S.-directed production
volumes of 800 instead of 1600. This alternate program does not require
prior approval.
(3) You may ask to use another alternate program or measurement
method for testing production-line engines. In your request, you must
show us that the alternate program gives equal assurance that your
engines meet the requirements of this part. We may waive some or all of
this subpart's requirements if we approve your alternate program.
(e) If you certify a Category 1 or Category 2 engine family with
carryover emission data, as described in Sec. 1042.235(d), and these
equivalent engine families consistently pass the production-line testing
requirements over the preceding two-year period, you may ask for a
reduced testing rate for further production-line testing for that
family. The minimum testing rate is one engine per engine family. If we
reduce your testing rate, we may limit our approval to any number of
model years. In determining whether to approve your request, we may
consider the number of engines that have failed the emission tests.
(f) We may ask you to make a reasonable number of production-line
engines available for a reasonable time so we can test or inspect them
for compliance with the requirements of this part. For Category 3
engines, you are not required to deliver engines to us, but we may
inspect and test your engines at any facility at which they are
assembled or installed in vessels.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23003, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.302 Applicability of this subpart for Category 3 engines.

If you produce Tier 3 or later Category 3 engines that are certified
under this part, you must test them as described in this subpart, except
as specified in this section.
(a) You must test each engine at the sea trial of the vessel in
which it is installed or within the first 300 hours of operation,
whichever occurs first. Since you must test each engine, the provisions
of Sec. Sec. 1042.310 and 1042.315(b) do not apply for Category 3
engines. If we determine that an engine failure under this subpart is
caused by defective components or design deficiencies, we may revoke or
suspend your certificate for the engine family as described in Sec.
1042.340. If we determine that an engine failure under this subpart is
caused only by incorrect assembly, we may suspend your certificate for
the engine family as described in Sec. 1042.325. If the engine fails,
you may continue operating only to complete the sea trial and return to
port. It is a violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1) to operate the vessel
further until you remedy the cause of failure. Each two-hour period of
such operation constitutes a separate offense. A violation lasting less
than two hours constitutes a single offense.
(b) You are only required to measure NOX emissions. You
do not need to measure HC, CO or PM emissions under this subpart.
(c) If you are unable to operate the engine at the test points for
the specified duty cycle, you may approximate these points consistent
with the specifications of section 6 of Appendix 8 to the NOX
Technical Code (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1042.910) and show
compliance with the alternate installed-engine standard of Sec.
1042.104(g). You must obtain EPA approval of your test procedure prior
to testing the engine. Include in your request a description of your
basis for concluding that the engine cannot be tested at the actual test
points of the specified duty cycle.
(d) You may measure NOX emissions at additional test
points for the purposes of the continuous NOX monitoring
requirements of Sec. 1042.110(d). If you do, you must report these
values along with your other test results. Describe in your application
for certification how you plan to use these values for continuous
NOX monitoring.
(e) You may ask to measure emissions according to the Direct
Measurement and Monitoring method specified in section 6.4 of the
NOX Technical Code (incorporated by reference in Sec.
1042.910).

[75 FR 23003, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 300]]

Sec. 1042.305 Preparing and testing production-line engines.

This section describes how to prepare and test production-line
engines. You must assemble the test engine in a way that represents the
assembly procedures for other engines in the engine family. You must ask
us to approve any deviations from your normal assembly procedures for
other production engines in the engine family.
(a) Test procedures. Test your production-line engines using the
applicable testing procedures in subpart F of this part to show you meet
the duty-cycle emission standards in subpart B of this part. For
Category 1 and Category 2 engines, the not-to-exceed standards apply for
this testing of Category 1 and Category 2 engines, but you need not do
additional testing to show that production-line engines meet the not-to-
exceed standards. The mode cap standards apply for the testing of
Category 3 engines.
(b) Modifying a test engine. Once an engine is selected for testing
(see Sec. 1042.310), you may adjust, repair, prepare, or modify it or
check its emissions only if one of the following is true:
(1) You document the need for doing so in your procedures for
assembling and inspecting all your production engines and make the
action routine for all the engines in the engine family.
(2) This subpart otherwise specifically allows your action.
(3) We approve your action in advance.
(c) Engine malfunction. If an engine malfunction prevents further
emission testing, ask us to approve your decision to either repair the
engine or delete it from the test sequence.
(d) Setting adjustable parameters. Before any test, we may require
you to adjust any adjustable parameter on a Category 1 engine to any
setting within its physically adjustable range. We may adjust or require
you to adjust any adjustable parameter on a Category 2 or Category 3
engine to any setting within its specified adjustable range.
(1) We may require you to adjust idle speed outside the physically
adjustable range as needed, but only until the engine has stabilized
emission levels (see paragraph (e) of this section). We may ask you for
information needed to establish an alternate minimum idle speed.
(2) We may specify adjustments within the physically adjustable
range or the specified adjustable range by considering their effect on
emission levels. We may also consider how likely it is that someone will
make such an adjustment with in-use engines.
(e) Stabilizing emission levels. You may stabilize emission levels
(or establish a Green Engine Factor for Category 2 engines) before you
test production-line engines, as follows:
(1) You may stabilize emission levels by operating the engine in a
way that represents the way production engines will be used, using good
engineering judgment, for no more than the greater of two periods:
(i) 300 hours.
(ii) The number of hours you operated your emission-data engine for
certifying the engine family (see 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E, or the
applicable regulations governing how you should prepare your test
engine).
(2) For Category 2 or Category 3 engines, you may ask us to approve
a Green Engine Factor for each regulated pollutant for each engine
family. Use the Green Engine Factor to adjust measured emission levels
to establish a stabilized low-hour emission level.
(f) Damage during shipment. If shipping an engine to a remote
facility for production-line testing makes necessary an adjustment or
repair, you must wait until after the initial emission test to do this
work. We may waive this requirement if the test would be impossible or
unsafe, or if it would permanently damage the engine. Report to us in
your written report under Sec. 1042.345 all adjustments or repairs you
make on test engines before each test.
(g) Retesting after invalid tests. You may retest an engine if you
determine an emission test is invalid under subpart F of this part.
Explain in your written report reasons for invalidating any test and the
emission results from all tests. If we determine that you improperly
invalidated a test, we may require you to ask for our approval for

[[Page 301]]

future testing before substituting results of the new tests for invalid
ones.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23004, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.310 Engine selection for Category 1 and Category 2 engines.

(a) Determine minimum sample sizes as follows:
(1) For Category 1 engines, the minimum sample size is one engine or
one percent of the projected U.S.-directed production volume for all
your Category 1 engine families, whichever is greater.
(2) For Category 2 engines, the minimum sample size is one engine or
one percent of the projected U.S.-directed production volume for all
your Category 2 engine families, whichever is greater.
(b) Randomly select one engine from each engine family early in the
model year. For further testing to reach the minimum sample size,
randomly select a proportional sample from each engine family, with
testing distributed evenly over the course of the model year, unless we
specify a different schedule for your tests. For example, we may require
you to disproportionately select engines from the early part of a model
year for a new engine model that has not previously been subject to
production-line testing.
(c) For each engine that fails to meet emission standards, test two
engines from the same engine family from the next fifteen engines
produced or within seven days, whichever is later. If an engine fails to
meet emission standards for any pollutant, count it as a failing engine
under this paragraph (c).
(d) Continue testing until one of the following things happens:
(1) You test the number of engines specified in paragraphs (a) and
(c) of this section.
(2) The engine family does not comply according to Sec. 1042.315 or
you choose to declare that the engine family does not comply with the
requirements of this subpart.
(3) You test 30 engines from the engine family.
(e) You may elect to test more randomly chosen engines than we
require under this section.

Sec. 1042.315 Determining compliance.

This section describes the pass-fail criteria for the production-
line testing requirements. We apply these criteria on an engine-family
basis. See Sec. 1042.320 for the requirements that apply to individual
engines that fail a production-line test.
(a) Calculate your test results as follows:
(1) Initial and final test results. Calculate and round the test
results for each engine. If you do several tests on an engine, calculate
the initial results for each test, then add all the test results
together and divide by the number of tests. Round this final calculated
value for the final test results on that engine. Include the Green
Engine Factor to determine low-hour emission results, if applicable.
(2) Final deteriorated test results. Apply the deterioration factor
for the engine family to the final test results (see Sec. 1042.240(c)).
(3) Round deteriorated test results. Round the results to the number
of decimal places in the emission standard expressed to one more decimal
place.
(b) For Category 1 and Category 2 engines, if a production-line
engine fails to meet emission standards and you test two additional
engines as described in Sec. 1042.310, calculate the average emission
level for each pollutant for the three engines. If the calculated
average emission level for any pollutant exceeds the applicable emission
standard, the engine family fails the production-line testing
requirements of this subpart. Tell us within ten working days if this
happens. You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the engine family as described in Sec. 1042.225(f).

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23004, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails to meet

emission standards?

(a) If you have a production-line engine with final deteriorated
test results exceeding one or more emission standards (see Sec.
1042.315(a)), the certificate of conformity is automatically suspended
for that failing engine. You must take

[[Page 302]]

the following actions before your certificate of conformity can cover
that engine:
(1) Correct the problem and retest the engine to show it complies
with all emission standards.
(2) Include the test results and describe the remedy for each engine
in the written report required under Sec. 1042.345.
(b) You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the entire engine family at this point (see Sec.
1042.225).
(c) For catalyst-equipped engines, you may ask us to allow you to
exclude an initial failed test if all of the following are true:
(1) The catalyst was in a green condition when tested initially.
(2) The engine met all emission standards when retested after
degreening the catalyst.
(3) No additional emission-related maintenance or repair was
performed between the initial failed test and the subsequent passing
test.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23004, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line

testing requirements?

(a) We may suspend your certificate of conformity for an engine
family if it fails under Sec. 1042.315. The suspension may apply to all
facilities producing engines from an engine family, even if you find
noncompliant engines only at one facility.
(b) We will tell you in writing if we suspend your certificate in
whole or in part. We will not suspend a certificate until at least 15
days after the engine family fails. The suspension is effective when you
receive our notice.
(c) Up to 15 days after we suspend the certificate for an engine
family, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1042.920). If we agree
before a hearing occurs that we used erroneous information in deciding
to suspend the certificate, we will reinstate the certificate.
(d) Section 1042.335 specifies steps you must take to remedy the
cause of the engine family's production-line failure. All the engines
you have produced since the end of the last test period are presumed
noncompliant and should be addressed in your proposed remedy. We may
require you to apply the remedy to engines produced earlier if we
determine that the cause of the failure is likely to have affected the
earlier engines.
(e) You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the entire engine family before or after we suspend
your certificate as described in Sec. 1042.225(f). We will approve your
request if the failure is not caused by a defect and it is clear that
you used good engineering judgment in establishing the original FEL.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23004, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.330 Selling engines from an engine family with a suspended

certificate of conformity.

You may sell engines that you produce after we suspend the engine
family's certificate of conformity under Sec. 1042.315 only if one of
the following occurs:
(a) You test each engine you produce and show it complies with
emission standards that apply.
(b) We conditionally reinstate the certificate for the engine
family. We may do so if you agree to recall all the affected engines and
remedy any noncompliance at no expense to the owner if later testing
shows that the engine family still does not comply.

Sec. 1042.335 Reinstating suspended certificates.

(a) Send us a written report asking us to reinstate your suspended
certificate. In your report, identify the reason for noncompliance,
propose a remedy for the engine family, and commit to a date for
carrying it out. In your proposed remedy include any quality control
measures you propose to keep the problem from happening again.
(b) Give us data from production-line testing that shows the
remedied engine family complies with all the emission standards that
apply.

Sec. 1042.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how

may I sell these engines again?

(a) We may revoke your certificate for an engine family in the
following cases:

[[Page 303]]

(1) You do not meet the reporting requirements.
(2) Your engine family fails to comply with the requirements of this
subpart and your proposed remedy to address a suspended certificate
under Sec. 1042.325 is inadequate to solve the problem or requires you
to change the engine's design or emission control system.
(b) To sell engines from an engine family with a revoked certificate
of conformity, you must modify the engine family and then show it
complies with the requirements of this part.
(1) If we determine your proposed design change may not control
emissions for the engine's full useful life, we will tell you within
five working days after receiving your report. In this case we will
decide whether production-line testing will be enough for us to evaluate
the change or whether you need to do more testing.
(2) Unless we require more testing, you may show compliance by
testing production-line engines as described in this subpart.
(3) We will issue a new or updated certificate of conformity when
you have met these requirements.

Sec. 1042.345 Reporting.

(a) Within 45 days of the end of each quarter in which production-
line testing occurs, send us a report with the following information:
(1) Describe any facility used to test production-line engines and
state its location.
(2) State the total U.S.-directed production volume and number of
tests for each engine family.
(3) Describe how you randomly selected engines.
(4) Describe each test engine, including the engine family's
identification and the engine's model year, build date, model number,
identification number, and number of hours of operation before testing.
Also describe how you developed and applied the Green Engine Factor, if
applicable.
(5) Identify how you accumulated hours of operation on the engines
and describe the procedure and schedule you used.
(6) Provide the test number; the date, time and duration of testing;
test procedure; all initial test results; final test results; and final
deteriorated test results for all tests. Provide the emission results
for all measured pollutants. Include information for both valid and
invalid tests and the reason for any invalidation.
(7) Describe completely and justify any nonroutine adjustment,
modification, repair, preparation, maintenance, or test for the test
engine if you did not report it separately under this subpart. Include
the results of any emission measurements, regardless of the procedure or
type of engine.
(8) Report on each failed engine as described in Sec. 1042.320.
(9) Identify when the model year ends for each engine family.
(b) We may ask you to add information to your written report so we
can determine whether your new engines conform with the requirements of
this subpart. We may also ask you to send less information.
(c) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
following statement:

We submit this report under sections 208 and 213 of the Clean Air
Act. Our production-line testing conformed completely with the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1042. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for test engines in a way that
might affect emission controls. All the information in this report is
true and accurate to the best of my knowledge. I know of the penalties
for violating the Clean Air Act and the regulations. (Authorized Company
Representative)

(d) Send electronic reports of production-line testing to the
Designated Compliance Officer using an approved information format. If
you want to use a different format, send us a written request with
justification for a waiver.
(e) We will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public
who asks for them. See Sec. 1042.915 for information on how we treat
information you consider confidential.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23004, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.350 Recordkeeping.

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this section.
We may review your records at any time.

[[Page 304]]

(b) Keep paper or electronic records of your production-line testing
for eight years after you complete all the testing required for an
engine family in a model year.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1042.345.
(d) Keep the following additional records:
(1) A description of all test equipment for each test cell that you
can use to test production-line engines.
(2) The names of supervisors involved in each test.
(3) The name of anyone who authorizes adjusting, repairing,
preparing, or modifying a test engine and the names of all supervisors
who oversee this work.
(4) If you shipped the engine for testing, the date you shipped it,
the associated storage or port facility, and the date the engine arrived
at the testing facility.
(5) Any records related to your production-line tests that are not
in the written report.
(6) A brief description of any significant events during testing not
otherwise described in the written report or in this section.
(7) Any information specified in Sec. 1042.345 that you do not
include in your written reports.
(e) If we ask, you must give us a more detailed description of
projected or actual production figures for an engine family. We may ask
you to divide your production figures by maximum engine power,
displacement, fuel type, or assembly plant (if you produce engines at
more than one plant).
(f) Keep records of the engine identification number for each engine
you produce under each certificate of conformity. You may identify these
numbers as a range. Give us these records within 30 days if we ask for
them.
(g) We may ask you to keep or send other information necessary to
implement this subpart.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23004, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart E_In-use Testing

Sec. 1042.401 General Provisions.

We may perform in-use testing of any engine subject to the standards
of this part.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

Sec. 1042.501 How do I run a valid emission test?

(a) Use the equipment and procedures for compression-ignition
engines in 40 CFR part 1065 to determine whether engines meet the duty-
cycle emission standards in Sec. Sec. 1042.101 or 1042.104. Measure the
emissions of all regulated pollutants as specified in 40 CFR part 1065.
Use the applicable duty cycles specified in Sec. 1042.505.
(b) Section 1042.515 describes the supplemental test procedures for
evaluating whether engines meet the not-to-exceed emission standards in
Sec. 1042.101(c).
(c) Use the fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR part 1065,
subpart H, for all the testing we require in this part, except as
specified in this section and Sec. 1042.515.
(1) For service accumulation, use the test fuel or any commercially
available fuel that is representative of the fuel that in-use engines
will use.
(2) For diesel-fueled engines, use the appropriate diesel fuel
specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H, for emission testing. Unless
we specify otherwise, the appropriate diesel test fuel for Category 1
and Category 2 engines is the ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel. If we allow
you to use a test fuel with higher sulfur levels, identify the test fuel
in your application for certification. Unless we specify otherwise, the
appropriate diesel test fuel for Category 3 engines is the high-sulfur
diesel fuel. For Category 2 and Category 3 engines, you may ask to use
commercially available diesel fuel similar but not necessarily identical
to the applicable fuel specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H; we will
approve your request if you show us that it does not affect your ability
to demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission standards.
(3) For Category 1 and Category 2 engines that are expected to use a
type of fuel (or mixed fuel) other than diesel

[[Page 305]]

fuel (such as natural gas, methanol, or residual fuel), use a
commercially available fuel of that type for emission testing. If a
given engine is designed to operate on different fuels, we may (at our
discretion) require testing on each fuel. Propose test fuel
specifications that take into account the engine design and the
properties of commercially available fuels. Describe these test fuel
specifications in the application for certification.
(d) You may use special or alternate procedures to the extent we
allow them under 40 CFR 1065.10.
(e) This subpart is addressed to you as a manufacturer, but it
applies equally to anyone who does testing for you, and to us when we
perform testing to determine if your engines meet emission standards.
(f) Duty-cycle testing is limited to ambient temperatures of 20 to
30 [deg]C. Atmospheric pressure must be between 91.000 and 103.325 kPa,
and must be within 5 percent of the value recorded
at the time of the last engine map. Testing may be performed with any
ambient humidity level. Correct duty-cycle NOX emissions for
humidity as specified in 40 CFR part 1065.
(g) For Category 3 engines, instead of test data collected as
specified in 40 CFR part 1065, you may submit test data for
NOX, HC, and CO emissions that were collected as specified in
the NOX Technical Code (incorporated by reference in Sec.
1042.910). For example, this allowance includes the allowance to perform
the testing using test fuels allowed under the NOX Technical
Code that do not meet the sulfur specifications of this section. We may
require you to include a brief engineering analysis showing how these
data demonstrate that your engines would meet the applicable emission
standards if you had used the test procedures specified in 40 CFR part
1065.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56509, Oct. 30, 2009;
75 FR 23005, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.505 Testing engines using discrete-mode or ramped-modal duty

cycles.

This section describes how to test engines under steady-state
conditions. In some cases, we allow you to choose the appropriate
steady-state duty cycle for an engine. In these cases, you must use the
duty cycle you select in your application for certification for all
testing you perform for that engine family. If we test your engines to
confirm that they meet emission standards, we will use the duty cycles
you select for your own testing. We may also perform other testing as
allowed by the Clean Air Act.
(a) You may perform steady-state testing with either discrete-mode
or ramped-modal cycles, as follows:
(1) For discrete-mode testing, sample emissions separately for each
mode, then calculate an average emission level for the whole cycle using
the weighting factors specified for each mode. Calculate cycle
statistics and compare with the established criteria as specified in 40
CFR 1065.514 to confirm that the test is valid. Operate the engine and
sampling system as follows:
(i) Engines with NOX aftertreatment. For engines that
depend on aftertreatment to meet the NOX emission standard,
operate the engine for 5-6 minutes, then sample emissions for 1-3
minutes in each mode. You may extend the sampling time to improve
measurement accuracy of PM emissions, using good engineering judgment.
If you have a longer sampling time for PM emissions, calculate and
validate cycle statistics separately for the gaseous and PM sampling
periods.
(ii) Engines without NOX aftertreatment. For other
engines, operate the engine for at least 5 minutes, then sample
emissions for at least 1 minute in each mode.
(2) For ramped-modal testing, start sampling at the beginning of the
first mode and continue sampling until the end of the last mode.
Calculate emissions and cycle statistics the same as for transient
testing as specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G.
(b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
one of the following duty cycles (as specified) to determine whether it
meets the emission standards in Sec. Sec. 1042.101 or 1042.104:
(1) General cycle. Use the 4-mode duty cycle or the corresponding
ramped-modal cycle described in paragraph (a)

[[Page 306]]

of Appendix II of this part for commercial propulsion marine engines
that are used with (or intended to be used with) fixed-pitch propellers,
propeller-law auxiliary engines, and any other engines for which the
other duty cycles of this section do not apply. Use this duty cycle also
for commercial variable-speed propulsion marine engines that are used
with (or intended to be used with) controllable-pitch propellers or with
electrically coupled propellers, unless these engines are not intended
for sustained operation (e.g., for at least 30 minutes) at all four
modes when installed in the vessel.
(2) Recreational marine engines. Except as specified in paragraph
(b)(3) of this section, use the 5-mode duty cycle or the corresponding
ramped-modal cycle described in paragraph (b) of Appendix II of this
part for recreational marine engines with maximum engine power at or
above 37 kW.
(3) Controllable-pitch and electrically coupled propellers. Use the
4-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in
paragraph (c) of Appendix II of this part for constant-speed propulsion
marine engines that are used with (or intended to be used with)
controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers.
Use this duty cycle also for variable-speed propulsion marine engines
that are used with (or intended to be used with) controllable-pitch
propellers or with electrically coupled propellers if the duty cycles in
paragraph (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section do not apply.
(4) Constant-speed auxiliary engines. Use the 5-mode duty cycle or
the corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in 40 CFR part 1039,
Appendix II, paragraph (a) for constant-speed auxiliary engines.
(5) Variable-speed auxiliary engines. (i) Use the duty cycle
specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section for propeller-law
auxiliary engines.
(ii) Use the 6-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in 40 CFR part 1039, Appendix II, paragraph (b) for
variable-speed auxiliary engines with maximum engine power below 19 kW
that are not propeller-law engines.
(iii) Use the 8-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in 40 CFR part 1039, Appendix III, paragraph (c) for
variable-speed auxiliary engines with maximum engine power at or above
19 kW that are not propeller-law engines.
(c) During idle mode, operate the engine at its warm idle speed as
described in 40 CFR part 1065.
(d) For constant-speed engines whose design prevents full-load
operation for extended periods, you may ask for approval under 40 CFR
1065.10(c) to replace full-load operation with the maximum load for
which the engine is designed to operate for extended periods.
(e) See 40 CFR part 1065 for detailed specifications of tolerances
and calculations.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23005, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.515 Test procedures related to not-to-exceed standards.

(a) This section describes the procedures to determine whether your
engines meet the not-to-exceed emission standards in Sec. 1042.101(c).
These procedures may include any normal engine operation and ambient
conditions that the engines may experience in use. Paragraphs (c)
through (e) of this section define the limits of what we will consider
normal engine operation and ambient conditions.
(b) Measure emissions with one of the following procedures:
(1) Remove the selected engines for testing in a laboratory. You may
use an engine dynamometer to simulate normal operation, as described in
this section. Use the equipment and procedures specified in 40 CFR part
1065 to conduct laboratory testing.
(2) Test the selected engines while they remain installed in a
vessel. Use the equipment and procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065
subpart J, to conduct field testing. Use fuel meeting the specifications
of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H, or a fuel typical of what you would
expect the engine to use in service.
(c) Engine testing may occur under the following ranges of ambient
conditions without correcting measured emission levels:
(1) Atmospheric pressure must be between 96.000 and 103.325 kPa,
except that manufacturers may test at lower

[[Page 307]]

atmospheric pressures if their test facility is located at an altitude
that makes it impractical to stay within this range. This pressure range
is intended to allow testing under most weather conditions at all
altitudes up to 1,100 feet above sea level.
(2) Ambient air temperature must be between 13 and 35 [deg]C (or
between 13 [deg]C and 30 [deg]C for engines not drawing intake air
directly from a space that could be heated by the engine).
(3) Ambient water temperature must be between 5 and 27 [deg]C.
(4) Ambient humidity must be between 7.1 and 10.7 grams of moisture
per kilogram of dry air.
(d) Engine testing may occur at any conditions expected during
normal operation but that are outside the conditions described in
paragraph (b) of this section, as long as measured values are corrected
to be equivalent to the nearest end of the specified range, using good
engineering judgment. Correct NOX emissions for humidity as
specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G.
(e) The sampling period may not begin until the engine has reached
stable operating temperatures. For example, this would include only
engine operation after starting and after the engine thermostat starts
modulating the engine's coolant temperature. The sampling period may not
include engine starting.
(f) Apply the NTE standards specified in Sec. 1042.101(c) to an
engine family based on the zones and subzones corresponding to specific
duty cycles and engine types as defined in Appendix III of this part.
For an engine family certified to multiple duty cycles, the broadest
applicable NTE zone applies for that family at the time of
certification. Whenever an engine family is certified to multiple duty
cycles and a specific engine from that family is tested for NTE
compliance in use, determine the applicable NTE zone for that engine
according to its in-use application. An engine family's NTE zone may be
modified as follows:
(1) You may ask us to approve a narrower NTE zone for an engine
family at the time of certification, based on information such as how
that engine family is expected to normally operate in use. For example,
if an engine family is always coupled to a pump or jet drive, the engine
might be able to operate only within a narrow range of engine speed and
power.
(2) You may ask us to approve a Limited Testing Region (LTR). An LTR
is a region of engine operation, within the applicable NTE zone, where
you have demonstrated that your engine family operates for no more than
5.0 percent of its normal in-use operation, on a time-weighted basis.
You must specify an LTR using boundaries based on engine speed and power
(or torque), where the LTR boundaries must coincide with some portion of
the boundary defining the overall NTE zone. Any emission data collected
within an LTR for a time duration that exceeds 5.0 percent of the
duration of its respective NTE sampling period (as defined in paragraph
(c)(3) of this section) will be excluded when determining compliance
with the applicable NTE standards. Any emission data collected within an
LTR for a time duration of 5.0 percent or less of the duration of the
respective NTE sampling period will be included when determining
compliance with the NTE standards.
(3) You must notify us if you design your engines for normal in-use
operation outside the applicable NTE zone. If we learn that normal in-
use operation for your engines includes other speeds and loads, we may
specify a broader NTE zone, as long as the modified zone is limited to
normal in-use operation for speeds greater than 70 percent of maximum
test speed and loads greater than 30 percent of maximum power at maximum
test speed (or 30 percent of maximum test torque for constant-speed
engines).
(4) You may exclude emission data based on ambient or engine
parameter limit values as follows:
(i) NOX catalytic aftertreatment minimum temperature. For an engine
equipped with a catalytic NOX aftertreatment system, exclude
NOX emission data that is collected when the exhaust
temperature is less than 250 [deg]C, as measured within 30 cm downstream
of the last NOX aftertreatment device. Where there are
parallel paths, measure the temperature 30 cm downstream of the last
NOX aftertreatment

[[Page 308]]

device in the path with the greatest exhaust flow.
(ii) Oxidizing aftertreatment minimum temperature. For an engine
equipped with an oxidizing catalytic aftertreatment system, exclude HC,
CO, and PM emission data that is collected when the exhaust temperature
is less than 250 [deg]C, as measured within 30 cm downstream of the last
oxidizing aftertreatment device. Where there are parallel paths, measure
the temperature 30 cm downstream of the last oxidizing aftertreatment
device in the path with the greatest exhaust flow.
(iii) Other parameters. You may request our approval for other
minimum or maximum ambient or engine parameter limit values at the time
of certification.
(g) For engines equipped with emission controls that include
discrete regeneration events, if a regeneration event occurs during the
NTE test, the averaging period must be at least as long as the time
between the events multiplied by the number of full regeneration events
within the sampling period. This requirement applies only for engines
that send an electronic signal indicating the start of the regeneration
event.

Sec. 1042.520 What testing must I perform to establish deterioration factors?

Sections 1042.240 and 1042.245 describe the required methods for
testing to establish deterioration factors for an engine family.

Sec. 1042.525 How do I adjust emission levels to account for infrequently

regenerating aftertreatment devices?

This section describes how to adjust emission results from engines
using aftertreatment technology with infrequent regeneration events. See
paragraph (e) of this section for how to adjust ramped-modal testing.
See paragraph (f) of this section for how to adjust discrete-mode
testing. For this section, ``regeneration'' means an intended event
during which emission levels change while the system restores
aftertreatment performance. For example, exhaust gas temperatures may
increase temporarily to remove sulfur from adsorbers or to oxidize
accumulated particulate matter in a trap. For this section,
``infrequent'' refers to regeneration events that are expected to occur
on average less than once over the applicable transient duty cycle or
ramped-modal cycle, or on average less than once per typical mode in a
discrete-mode test.
(a) Developing adjustment factors. Develop an upward adjustment
factor and a downward adjustment factor for each pollutant based on
measured emission data and observed regeneration frequency. Adjustment
factors should generally apply to an entire engine family, but you may
develop separate adjustment factors for different engine configurations
within an engine family. If you use adjustment factors for
certification, you must identify the frequency factor, F, from paragraph
(b) of this section in your application for certification and use the
adjustment factors in all testing for that engine family. You may use
carryover or carry-across data to establish adjustment factors for an
engine family, as described in Sec. 1042.235(d), consistent with good
engineering judgment. All adjustment factors for regeneration are
additive. Determine adjustment factors separately for different test
segments. For example, determine separate adjustment factors for
different modes of a discrete-mode steady-state test. You may use either
of the following different approaches for engines that use
aftertreatment with infrequent regeneration events:
(1) You may disregard this section if regeneration does not
significantly affect emission levels for an engine family (or
configuration) or if it is not practical to identify when regeneration
occurs. If you do not use adjustment factors under this section, your
engines must meet emission standards for all testing, without regard to
regeneration.
(2) If your engines use aftertreatment technology with extremely
infrequent regeneration and you are unable to apply the provisions of
this section, you may ask us to approve an alternate methodology to
account for regeneration events.
(b) Calculating average adjustment factors. Calculate the average
adjustment

[[Page 309]]

factor (EFA) based on the following equation:

EFA = (F)(EFH) + (1-F)(EFL)

Where:

F = The frequency of the regeneration event during normal in-use
operation, expressed in terms of the fraction of equivalent
tests during which the regeneration occurs. You may determine
F from in-use operating data or running replicate tests. For
example, if you observe that the regeneration occurs 125 times
during 1,000 MW-hrs of operation, and your engine typically
accumulates 1 MW-hr per test, F would be (125) / (1,000) / (1)
= 0.125. No further adjustments, including weighting factors,
may be applied to F.
EFH = Measured emissions from a test segment in which the
regeneration occurs.
EFL = Measured emissions from a test segment in which the
regeneration does not occur.
(c) Applying adjustment factors. Apply adjustment factors based on
whether regeneration occurs during the test run. You must be able to
identify regeneration in a way that is readily apparent during all
testing.
(1) If regeneration does not occur during a test segment, add an
upward adjustment factor to the measured emission rate. Determine the
upward adjustment factor (UAF) using the following equation:

UAF = EFA-EFL

DAF = EFH-EFA

(d) Sample calculation. If EFL is 0.10 g/kW-hr,
EFH is 0.50 g/kW-hr, and F is 0.1 (the regeneration occurs
once for each ten tests), then:

EFA = (0.1)(0.5 g/kW-hr) + (1.0-0.1)(0.1 g/kW-hr) = 0.14 g/
kW-hr.
UAF = 0.14 g/kW-hr-0.10 g/kW-hr = 0.04 g/kW-hr.
DAF = 0.50 g/kW-hr-0.14 g/kW-hr = 0.36 g/kW-hr.

(e) Ramped-modal testing. Develop a single sets of adjustment
factors for the entire test. If a regeneration has started but has not
been completed when you reach the end of a test, use good engineering
judgment to reduce your downward adjustments to be proportional to the
emission impact that occurred in the test.
(f) Discrete-mode testing. Develop separate adjustment factors for
each test mode. If a regeneration has started but has not been completed
when you reach the end of the sampling time for a test mode extend the
sampling period for that mode until the regeneration is completed.
(g) Category 3 engines. We may specify an alternate methodology to
account for regeneration events from Category 3 engines. If we do not,
the provisions of this section apply as specified.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23005, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1042.601 General compliance provisions for marine engines and vessels.

Engine and vessel manufacturers, as well as owners, operators, and
rebuilders of engines and vessels subject to the requirements of this
part, and all other persons, must observe the provisions of this part,
the requirements and prohibitions in 40 CFR part 1068, and the
provisions of the Clean Air Act. The provisions of 40 CFR part 1068
apply for compression-ignition marine engines as specified in that part,
subject to the following provisions:
(a) The following prohibitions apply with respect to recreational
marine engines and recreational vessels:
(1) Installing a recreational marine engine in a vessel that is not
a recreational vessel is a violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(2) For a vessel with an engine that is certified and labeled as a
recreational marine engine, using it in a manner inconsistent with its
intended use as a recreational vessel violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1),
except as allowed by this chapter.
(b) Subpart I of this part describes how the prohibitions of 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1) apply for certain remanufactured engines. The provisions
of 40 CFR 1068.105 do not allow the installation of a new remanufactured
engine in a vessel that is defined as a new vessel unless the
remanufactured engine is

[[Page 310]]

subject to the same standards as the standards applicable to freshly
manufactured engines of the required model year.
(c) The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.120 apply when rebuilding marine
engines, except as specified in subpart I of this part. The following
additional requirements also apply when rebuilding marine engines
equipped with exhaust aftertreatment:
(1) Follow all instructions from the engine manufacturer and
aftertreatment manufacturer for checking, repairing, and replacing
aftertreatment components. For example, you must replace the catalyst if
the catalyst assembly is stamped with a build date more than ten years
ago and the manufacturer's instructions state that catalysts over ten
years old must be replaced when the engine is rebuilt.
(2) Measure pressure drop across the catalyst assembly to ensure
that it is neither higher nor lower than the manufacturer's
specifications and repair or replace exhaust-system components as needed
to bring the pressure drop within the manufacturer's specifications.
(3) For engines equipped with exhaust sensors, verify that sensor
outputs are within the manufacturer's recommended range and repair or
replace any malfunctioning components (sensors, catalysts, or other
components).
(d) The provisions of Sec. 1042.635 for the national security
exemption apply instead of 40 CFR 1068.225.
(e) For replacement engines, apply the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240
as described in Sec. 1042.615.
(f) For the purpose of meeting the defect-reporting requirements in
40 CFR 1068.501, if you manufacture other nonroad engines that are
substantially similar to your marine engines, you may consider defects
using combined marine and non-marine families.
(g) The selective enforcement audit provisions of 40 CFR part 1068
do not apply for Category 3 engines.
(h) The defect reporting requirements of 40 CFR 1068.501 apply for
Category 3 engines, except the threshold for filing a defect report is
two engines.
(i) You may not circumvent the requirements of this part or the
Clean Air Act by manufacturing a vessel outside the United States or
initially flagging a vessel in another country. The definition of ``new
marine engine'' in Sec. 1042.901 includes provisions for U.S.-flagged
vessels that are manufactured or reflagged outside of U.S. waters. These
provisions have the effect of applying the prohibitions of 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1) to such vessels no later than when they first enter U.S.
waters. The inclusion of these provisions does not affect requirements
or prohibitions of the Clean Air Act or other statutes that may apply to
the vessel before it first enters U.S. waters.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23005, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.605 Dressing engines already certified to other standards for

nonroad or heavy-duty highway engines for marine use.

(a) General provisions. If you are an engine manufacturer (including
someone who marinizes a land-based engine), this section allows you to
introduce new marine engines into U.S. commerce if they are already
certified to the requirements that apply to compression-ignition engines
under 40 CFR parts 85 and 86 or 40 CFR part 89, 92, 1033, or 1039 for
the appropriate model year. If you comply with all the provisions of
this section, we consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86,
89, 92, 1033, or 1039 for each engine to also be a valid certificate of
conformity under this part 1042 for its model year, without a separate
application for certification under the requirements of this part 1042.
This section does not apply for Category 3 engines.
(b) Vessel-manufacturer provisions. If you are not an engine
manufacturer, you may install an engine certified for the appropriate
model year under 40 CFR part 86, 89, 92, 1033, or 1039 in a marine
vessel as long as you do not make any of the changes described in
paragraph (d)(3) of this section and you meet the requirements of
paragraph (e) of this section. If you modify the non-marine engine in
any of the ways described in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, we will
consider you a manufacturer of a new marine engine. Such engine
modifications prevent you from using the provisions of this section.

[[Page 311]]

(c) Liability. Engines for which you meet the requirements of this
section are exempt from all the requirements and prohibitions of this
part, except for those specified in this section. Engines exempted under
this section must meet all the applicable requirements from 40 CFR parts
85 and 86 or 40 CFR part 89, 92, 1033, or 1039. This paragraph (c)
applies to engine manufacturers, vessel manufacturers that use such an
engine, and all other persons as if the engine were used in its
originally intended application. The prohibited acts of 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1) apply to these new engines and vessels; however, we
consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86, 89, 92, 1033, or
1039 for each engine to also be a valid certificate of conformity under
this part 1042 for its model year. If we make a determination that these
engines do not conform to the regulations during their useful life, we
may require you to recall them under 40 CFR part 85, 89, 92, or 1068.
(d) Specific criteria and requirements. If you are an engine
manufacturer and meet all the following criteria and requirements
regarding your new marine engine, the engine is eligible for an
exemption under this section:
(1) You must produce it by marinizing an engine covered by a valid
certificate of conformity from one of the following programs:
(i) Heavy-duty highway engines (40 CFR part 86).
(ii) Land-based compression-ignition nonroad engines (40 CFR part 89
or 1039).
(iii) Locomotives (40 CFR part 92 or 1033). To be eligible for
dressing under this section, the engine must be from a locomotive
certified to standards that are at least as stringent as either the
standards applicable to new marine engines or freshly manufactured
locomotives in the model year that the engine is being dressed.
(2) The engine must have the label required under 40 CFR part 86,
89, 92, 1033, or 1039.
(3) You must not make any changes to the certified engine that could
reasonably be expected to increase its emissions. For example, if you
make any of the following changes to one of these engines, you do not
qualify for the engine dressing exemption:
(i) Change any fuel system parameters from the certified
configuration, or change, remove, or fail to properly install any other
component, element of design, or calibration specified in the engine
manufacturer's application for certification. This includes
aftertreatment devices and all related components.
(ii) Replacing an original turbocharger, except that small-volume
engine manufacturers may replace an original turbocharger on a
recreational engine with one that matches the performance of the
original turbocharger.
(iii) Modify or design the marine engine cooling or aftercooling
system so that temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the
original engine manufacturer's specified ranges.
(4) You must show that fewer than 10 percent of the engine family's
total sales in the United States are used in marine applications. This
includes engines used in any application, without regard to which
company manufactures the vessel or equipment. Show this as follows:
(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the engine, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must confirm this based on your best
estimate of the original manufacturer's sales information.
(e) Labeling and documentation. If you are an engine manufacturer or
vessel manufacturer using this exemption, you must do all of the
following:
(1) Make sure the original engine label will remain clearly visible
after installation in the vessel.
(2) Add a permanent supplemental label to the engine in a position
where it will remain clearly visible after installation in the vessel.
In your engine label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``Marine Engine Emission Control
Information''.
(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark.
(iii) State: ``This engine was marinized without affecting its
emission controls.''.
(iv) State the date you finished marinizing the engine (month and
year).
(3) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a signed letter by the
end of

[[Page 312]]

each calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the following
information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the engine models for which you expect to use this
exemption in the coming year and describe your basis for meeting the
sales restrictions of paragraph (d)(4) of this section.
(iii) State: ``We prepare each listed engine model for marine
application without making any changes that could increase its certified
emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1042.605.''.
(f) Failure to comply. If your engines do not meet the criteria
listed in paragraph (d) of this section, they will be subject to the
standards, requirements, and prohibitions of this part 1042 and the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part(s) 86, 89, 92, 1033, or 1039 will
not be deemed to also be a certificate issued under this part 1042.
Introducing these engines into U.S. commerce as marine engines without a
valid exemption or certificate of conformity under this part violates
the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(g) Data submission. (1) If you are both the original manufacturer
and marinizer of an exempted engine, you must send us emission test data
on the appropriate marine duty cycles. You can include the data in your
application for certification or in the letter described in paragraph
(e)(3) of this section.
(2) If you are the original manufacturer of an exempted engine that
is marinized by a post-manufacture marinizer, you may be required to
send us emission test data on the appropriate marine duty cycles. If
such data are requested you will be allowed a reasonable amount of time
to collect the data.
(h) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Engines adapted
for marine use under this section may not generate or use emission
credits under this part 1042. These engines may generate credits under
the ABT provisions in 40 CFR part(s) 86, 89, 92, 1033, or 1039, as
applicable. These engines must use emission credits under 40 CFR part(s)
86, 89, 92, 1033, or 1039 as applicable if they are certified to an FEL
that exceeds an emission standard.
(i) Operator requirements. The requirements specified for vessel
manufacturers, owners, and operators in this subpart (including
requirements in 40 CFR part 1068) apply to these engines whether they
are certified under this part 1042 or another part as allowed by this
section.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23005, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.610 Certifying auxiliary marine engines to land-based standards.

This section applies to auxiliary marine engines that are identical
to certified land-based engines. See Sec. 1042.605 for provisions that
apply to propulsion marine engines or auxiliary marine engines that are
modified for marine applications. This section does not apply for
Category 3 engines.
(a) General provisions. If you are an engine manufacturer, this
section allows you to introduce new marine engines into U.S. commerce if
they are already certified to the requirements that apply to
compression-ignition engines under 40 CFR part 89 or 1039 for the
appropriate model year. If you comply with all the provisions of this
section, we consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 89 or 1039
for each engine to also be a valid certificate of conformity under this
part 1042 for its model year, without a separate application for
certification under the requirements of this part 1042.
(b) Vessel-manufacturer provisions. If you are not an engine
manufacturer, you may install an engine certified for land-based
applications in a marine vessel as long as you meet all the qualifying
criteria and requirements specified in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this
section. If you modify the non-marine engine, we will consider you a
manufacturer of a new marine engine. Such engine modifications prevent
you from using the provisions of this section.
(c) Liability. Engines for which you meet the requirements of this
section are exempt from all the requirements and prohibitions of this
part, except for those specified in this section. Engines exempted under
this section must meet all the applicable requirements from 40 CFR part
89 or 1039. This paragraph (c) applies to engine manufacturers, vessel

[[Page 313]]

manufacturers that use such an engine, and all other persons as if the
engine were used in its originally intended application. The prohibited
acts of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) apply to these new engines and vessels;
however, we consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 89 or 1039
for each engine to also be a valid certificate of conformity under this
part 1042 for its model year. If we make a determination that these
engines do not conform to the regulations during their useful life, we
may require you to recall them under 40 CFR part 89 or 1068.
(d) Qualifying criteria. If you are an engine manufacturer and meet
all the following criteria and requirements regarding your new marine
engine, the engine is eligible for an exemption under this section:
(1) The marine engine must be identical in all material respects to
a land-based engine covered by a valid certificate of conformity for the
appropriate model year showing that it meets emission standards for
engines of that power rating under 40 CFR part 89 or 1039.
(2) The engines may not be used as propulsion marine engines.
(3) You must show that the number of auxiliary marine engines from
the engine family must be smaller than the number of land-based engines
from the engine family sold in the United States, as follows:
(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the engine, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must get the original manufacturer of
the engine to confirm this based on its sales information.
(e) Specific requirements. If you are an engine manufacturer or
vessel manufacturer using this exemption, you must do all of the
following:
(1) Make sure the original engine label will remain clearly visible
after installation in the vessel. This label or a supplemental label
must identify that the original certification is valid for auxiliary
marine applications.
(2) Send a signed letter to the Designated Compliance Officer by the
end of each calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the
following information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the engine models you expect to produce under this
exemption in the coming year and describe your basis for meeting the
sales restrictions of paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(iii) State: ``We produce each listed engine model for marine
application without making any changes that could increase its certified
emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1042.610.''.
(3) If you are the certificate holder, you must describe in your
application for certification how you plan to produce engines for both
land-based and auxiliary marine applications, including projected sales
of auxiliary marine engines to the extent this can be determined. If the
projected marine sales are substantial, we may ask for the year-end
report of production volumes to include actual auxiliary marine engine
sales.
(f) Failure to comply. If your engines do not meet the criteria
listed in paragraph (d) of this section, they will be subject to the
standards, requirements, and prohibitions of this part 1042 and the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 89 or 1039 will not be deemed to
also be a certificate issued under this part 1042. Introducing these
engines into U.S. commerce as marine engines without a valid exemption
or certificate of conformity under this part 1042 violates the
prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(g) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Engines using
this exemption may not generate or use emission credits under this part
1042. These engines may generate credits under the ABT provisions in 40
CFR part 89 or 1039, as applicable. These engines must use emission
credits under 40 CFR part 89 or 1039 as applicable if they are certified
to an FEL that exceeds an emission standard.
(h) Operator requirements. The requirements specified for vessel
manufacturers, owners, and operators in this subpart (including
requirements in 40 CFR part 1068) apply to these engines whether they
are certified under this part 1042 or another part as allowed by this
section.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23006, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 314]]

Sec. 1042.615 Replacement engine exemption.

For Category 1 and Category 2 replacement engines, apply the
provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240 as described in this section. In unusual
circumstances, you may ask us to allow you to apply these provisions for
a new Category 3 engine.
(a) This paragraph (a) applies instead of the provisions of 40 CFR
1068.240(b)(3). The prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) do not apply
to a new replacement engine if all the following conditions are met:
(1) You use good engineering judgment to determine that no engine
certified to the current requirements of this part is produced by any
manufacturer with the appropriate physical or performance
characteristics to repower the vessel.
(2) You make a record of your determination for each replacement
engine with the following information and keep these records for eight
years:
(i) If you determine that no engine certified to the current
requirements of this part is available with the appropriate performance
characteristics, explain why certified engines produced by you and other
manufacturers cannot be used as a replacement because they are not
similar to the engine being replaced in terms of power or speed.
(ii) You may determine that all engines certified to the current
requirements of this part that have appropriate performance
characteristics are not available because they do not have the
appropriate physical characteristics. If this is the case, explain why
these certified engines produced by you and other manufacturers cannot
be used as a replacement because their weight or dimensions are
substantially different than those of the engine being replaced, or
because they will not fit within the vessel's engine compartment or
engine room.
(iii) In evaluating appropriate physical or performance
characteristics, you may account for compatibility with vessel
components you would not otherwise replace when installing a new engine,
including transmissions or reduction gears, drive shafts or propeller
shafts, propellers, cooling systems, operator controls, or electrical
systems for generators or indirect-drive configurations. If you make
your determination on this basis, you must identify the vessel
components that are incompatible with engines certified to current
standards and explain how they are incompatible and why it would be
unreasonable to replace them.
(iv) In evaluating appropriate physical or performance
characteristics, you may account for compatibility in a set of two or
more propulsion engines on a vessel where only one of the engines needs
replacement, but only if each engine not needing replacement has
operated for less than 75 percent of its applicable useful life in hours
or years (see Sec. 1042.101). If any engine not otherwise needing
replacement exceeds this 75 percent threshold, your determination must
consider replacement of all the propulsion engines.
(v) In addition to the determination specified in paragraph (a)(1)
of this section, you must make a separate determination for your own
product line addressing every tier of emission standards that is more
stringent than the emission standards for the engine being replaced. For
example, if the engine being replaced was built before the Tier 1
standards started to apply and engines of that size are currently
subject to Tier 3 standards, you must consider whether any Tier 1 or
Tier 2 engines that you produce have the appropriate physical and
performance characteristics for replacing the old engine; if you can
produce a Tier 2 engine with the appropriate physical and performance
characteristics, you must use it as the replacement engine.
(3) You must notify us within 30 days after you ship each
replacement engine under this section. Your notification must include
all the following things and be signed by an authorized representative
of your company:
(i) A copy of your records describing how you made the determination
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section for this particular
engine.
(ii) The total number of replacement engines you have shipped in the
applicable calendar year, from all your marine engine models.
(iii) The following statement:

[[Page 315]]

I certify that the statements and information in the enclosed
document are true, accurate, and complete to the best of my knowledge. I
am aware that there are significant civil and criminal penalties for
submitting false statements and information, or omitting required
statements and information.

(4) The replacement engine must conform to the applicable
requirements of 40 CFR part 1043. Note that 40 CFR 1043.10 specifies
allowances for vessels that operate only domestically.
(b) Modifying a vessel to significantly increase its value within
six months after installing a replacement engine produced under this
section is a violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(c) We may void an exemption for an engine if we determine that any
of the conditions described in paragraph (a) of this section are not
met.
(d) We may reduce the reporting and recordkeeping requirements in
this section.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23006, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.620 Engines used solely for competition.

The provisions of this section apply for new Category 1 engines and
vessels built on or after January 1, 2009.
(a) We may grant you an exemption from the standards and
requirements of this part for a new engine on the grounds that it is to
be used solely for competition. The requirements of this part, other
than those in this section, do not apply to engines that we exempt for
use solely for competition.
(b) We will exempt engines that we determine will be used solely for
competition. The basis of our determination is described in paragraphs
(c) and (d) of this section. Exemptions granted under this section are
good for only one model year and you must request renewal for each
subsequent model year. We will not approve your renewal request if we
determine the engine will not be used solely for competition.
(c) Engines meeting all the following criteria are considered to be
used solely for competition:
(1) Neither the engine nor any vessels containing the engine may be
displayed for sale in any public dealership or otherwise offered for
sale to the general public. Note that this does not preclude display of
these engines as long as they are not available for sale to the general
public.
(2) Sale of the vessel in which the engine is installed must be
limited to professional racing teams, professional racers, or other
qualified racers. For replacement engines, the sale of the engine itself
must be limited to professional racing teams, professional racers, other
qualified racers, or to the original vessel manufacturer.
(3) The engine and the vessel in which it is installed must have
performance characteristics that are substantially superior to
noncompetitive models.
(4) The engines are intended for use only as specified in paragraph
(e) of this section.
(d) You may ask us to approve an exemption for engines not meeting
the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this section as long as you have
clear and convincing evidence that the engines will be used solely for
competition.
(e) Engines are considered to be used solely for competition only if
their use is limited to competition events sanctioned by the U.S. Coast
Guard or another public organization with authorizing permits for
participating competitors. Operation of such engines may include only
racing events, trials to qualify for racing events, and practice
associated with racing events. Authorized attempts to set speed records
are also considered racing events. Engines will not be considered to be
used solely for competition if they are ever used for any recreational
or other noncompetitive purpose. Use of exempt engines in any
recreational events, such as poker runs and lobsterboat races, is a
violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(4).
(f) You must permanently label engines exempted under this section
to clearly indicate that they are to be used only for competition.
Failure to properly label an engine will void the exemption for that
engine.
(g) If we request it, you must provide us any information we need to
determine whether the engines are used solely for competition. This
would include documentation regarding the number of engines and the
ultimate purchaser of each engine as well as any

[[Page 316]]

documentation showing a vessel manufacturer's request for an exempted
engine. Keep these records for five years.

[75 FR 23006, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.625 Special provisions for engines used in emergency applications.

This section describes an exemption that is available for certain
Category 1 and Category 2 engines. This exemption is not available for
Category 3 engines.
(a) Except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, the
prohibitions in Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) do not apply to a new engine that
is subject to Tier 4 standards if the following conditions are met:
(1) The engine is intended for installation in one of the following
vessels or applications:
(i) A lifeboat approved by the U.S. Coast Guard under approval
series 160.135 (see for example 46 CFR 199.201(a)(1)), as long as such a
vessel is not also used as a launch or tender.
(ii) A rescue boat approved by the U.S. Coast Guard under approval
series 160.156 (see for example 46 CFR 199.202(a)).
(iii) Generator sets or other auxiliary equipment that qualify as
final emergency power sources under 46 CFR part 112.
(2) The engine meets the Tier 3 emission standards specified in
Sec. 1042.101 as specified in 40 CFR 1068.265.
(3) The engine is used only for its intended purpose, as specified
on the emission control information label.
(b) Except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, the
prohibitions in Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) do not apply to a new engine that
is subject to Tier 3 standards according to the following provisions:
(1) The engine must be intended for installation in a lifeboat or a
rescue boat as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section.
(2) This exemption is available from the initial effective date for
the Tier 3 standards until the engine model (or one of comparable size,
weight, and performance) has been certified as complying with the Tier 3
standards and Coast Guard requirements.
(3) The engine must meet the Tier 2 emission standards specified in
Appendix I of this part as specified in 40 CFR 1068.265.
(c) If you introduce an engine into U.S. commerce under this
section, you must meet the labeling requirements in Sec. 1042.135, but
add one of the following statements instead of the compliance statement
in Sec. 1042.135(c)(10):
(1) For lifeboats and rescue boats, add the following statement:

THIS ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY WITH CURRENT U.S. EPA EMISSION STANDARDS
UNDER 40 CFR 1042.625 AND IS FOR USE SOLELY IN LIFEBOATS OR RESCUE BOATS
(COAST GUARD APPROVAL SERIES 160.135 OR 160.156). INSTALLATION OR USE OF
THIS ENGINE IN ANY OTHER APPLICATION MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW
SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.

(2) For engines serving as final emergency power sources, add the
following statement:

THIS ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY WITH CURRENT U.S. EPA EMISSION STANDARDS
UNDER 40 CFR 1042.625 AND IS FOR USE SOLELY IN EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
REGULATED BY 46 CFR 112. INSTALLATION OR USE OF THIS ENGINE IN ANY OTHER
APPLICATION MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.

(d) Introducing into commerce a vessel containing an engine exempted
under this section violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1)
where the vessel is not covered by paragraph (a) or (b) of this section,
unless it is exempt under a different provision. Similarly, using such
an engine or vessel as something other than a lifeboat, rescue boat, or
emergency engine as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section
violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1), unless it is exempt
under a different provision.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23006, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.630 Personal-use exemption.

This section applies to individuals who manufacture vessels for
personal use with used Category 1 engines. If you and your vessel meet
all the conditions of this section, the vessel and its engine are
considered to be exempt from the standards and requirements of this part
that apply to new engines and new vessels. The prohibitions in

[[Page 317]]

Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) do not apply to engines exempted under this
section. For example, you may install an engine that was not certified
as a marine engine.
(a) The vessel may not be manufactured from a previously certified
vessel, nor may it be manufactured from a partially complete vessel that
is equivalent to a certified vessel. The vessel must be manufactured
primarily from unassembled components, but may incorporate some
preassembled components. For example, fully preassembled steering
assemblies may be used. You may also power the vessel with an engine
that was previously used in a highway or land-based nonroad application.
(b) The vessel may not be sold within five years after the date of
final assembly.
(c) No individual may manufacture more than one vessel in any ten-
year period under this exemption.
(d) You may not use the vessel in any revenue-generating service or
for any other commercial purpose, except that you may use a vessel
exempt under this section for commercial fishing that you personally do.
(e) This exemption may not be used to circumvent the requirements of
this part or the requirements of the Clean Air Act. For example, this
exemption would not cover a case in which a person sells an almost
completely assembled vessel to another person, who would then complete
the assembly. This would be considered equivalent to the sale of the
complete new vessel. This section also does not allow engine
manufacturers to produce new engines that are exempt from emission
standards and it does not provide an exemption from the prohibition
against tampering with certified engines.
(f) The vessel must be a vessel that is not classed or subject to
Coast Guard inspections or surveys.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23006, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.635 National security exemption.

The standards and requirements of this part and prohibitions in
Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) do not apply to engines exempted under this
section.
(a) An engine is exempt without a request if it will be used or
owned by an agency of the Federal government responsible for national
defense, where the vessel in which it is installed has armor,
permanently attached weaponry, specialized electronic warfare systems,
unique stealth performance requirements, and/or unique combat
maneuverability requirements. This applies to both remanufactured and
freshly manufactured marine engines. Gas turbine engines are also exempt
without a request if they will be owned by an agency of the Federal
government responsible for national defense.
(b) Manufacturers may request a national security exemption for
engines not meeting the conditions of paragraph (a) of this section, as
long as the request is endorsed by an agency of the federal government
responsible for national defense. Agencies of the federal government
responsible for national defense may request exemptions for
remanufactured engines. In your request, explain why you need the
exemption.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Add a legible label, written in English, to all engines exempted
under this section. The label must be permanently secured to a readily
visible part of the engine needed for normal operation and not normally
requiring replacement, such as the engine block. This label must include
at least the following items:
(1) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Your corporate name and trademark.
(3) Engine displacement, family identification, and model year of
the engine (as applicable), or whom to contact for further information.
(4) The statement ``THIS ENGINE HAS AN EXEMPTION FOR NATIONAL
SECURITY UNDER 40 CFR 1042.635.''.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8426, Feb. 24, 2009; 75
FR 23006, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.640 Special provisions for branded engines.

The following provisions apply if you identify the name and
trademark of another company instead of your own on your emission
control information label, as provided by Sec. 1042.135(c)(2):

[[Page 318]]

(a) You must have a contractual agreement with the other company
that obligates that company to take the following steps:
(1) Meet the emission warranty requirements that apply under Sec.
1042.120. This may involve a separate agreement involving reimbursement
of warranty-related expenses.
(2) Report all warranty-related information to the certificate
holder.
(b) In your application for certification, identify the company
whose trademark you will use.
(c) You remain responsible for meeting all the requirements of this
chapter, including warranty and defect-reporting provisions.

Sec. 1042.650 Exemptions for migratory vessels and auxiliary engines on

Category 3 vessels.

The provisions of this section apply for Category 1 and Category 2
engines, including auxiliary engines installed on vessels with Category
3 propulsion engines. These provisions do not apply for any Category 3
engines. All engines exempted under this section must comply with the
applicable requirements of 40 CFR part 1043.
(a) Temporary exemption. A vessel owner may ask us for a temporary
exemption from the tampering prohibition in 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1) for a
vessel if it will operate only in areas outside the United States where
ULSD is not available. In your request, describe where the vessel will
operate, how long it will operate there, why ULSD will be unavailable,
and how you will modify the engine, including its emission controls. If
we approve your request, you may modify the engine, but only as needed
to disable or remove the emission controls needed for meeting the Tier 4
standards. You must return the engine to its original certified
configuration before the vessel returns to the United States to avoid
violating the tampering prohibition in 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1). We may set
additional conditions to prevent circumvention of the provisions of this
part.
(b) SOLAS exemption. We may approve a permanent exemption from the
prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) for an engine that is subject to
Tier 4 standards as described in this paragraph (b).
(1) Vessel owners may ask for a permanent exemption from the Tier 4
standards for an engine that will be installed on vessels that will
operate for extended periods outside the United States, provided they
demonstrate all of the following are true:
(i) Prior to introduction into service, the vessel will comply with
applicable certification requirements for international safety pursuant
to the U.S. Coast Guard and the International Convention for the
Protection of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The vessel owner must maintain
compliance with these requirements for the life of the exempted engine.
(ii) The vessel will be used in areas outside of the United States
where ULSD will not be available.
(iii) The mix of vessels with engines certified to Tier 3 or earlier
standards in the owner's current fleet and the owner's current business
operation of those vessels makes the exemption necessary. Note that
because of the large fraction of pre-Tier 4 engines in the fleet prior
to 2021, a request for a Tier 4 exemption prior to that year must
clearly demonstrate that unusual circumstances apply.
(2) An engine exempted under this paragraph (b) must meet the Tier 3
emission standards described in Sec. 1402.101, subject to the
procedural requirements of 40 CFR 1068.265.
(3) If you introduce an engine into U.S. commerce under this
section, you must meet the labeling requirements in Sec. 1042.135, but
add the following statement instead of the compliance statement in Sec.
1042.135(c)(10):

THIS ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY WITH CURRENT U.S. EPA EMISSION STANDARDS
UNDER 40 CFR 1042.650 AND IS FOR USE SOLELY IN SOLAS VESSELS.
INSTALLATION OR USE OF THIS ENGINE IN ANY OTHER APPLICATION MAY BE A
VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.

(4) Operating a vessel containing an engine exempted under this
paragraph (b) violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) if the
vessel in not in full compliance with applicable requirements for
international safety specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.

[[Page 319]]

(c) Vessels less than 500 gross tons. In unusual circumstances for
vessels less than 500 gross tons, we may approve a vessel owner's
request for a permanent exemption from the prohibitions in 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1) for an engine that is subject to Tier 4 standards that
will operate for extended periods outside the United States without it
being in compliance with applicable certification requirements for
international safety. We may set appropriate additional conditions on
such exemptions, and may void the exemption if those conditions are not
met.
(d) Auxiliary engines on Category 3 vessels. As specified in this
paragraph (d), auxiliary engines on vessels with Category 3 propulsion
engines are exempt from the standards of this part.
(1) To be eligible for this exemption, the engine must meet all of
the following criteria.
(i) The engine must conform fully to the applicable NOX
standards of Annex VI and meet all other applicable requirements of 40
CFR part 1043. Engines installed on vessels constructed on or after
January 1, 2016 must conform fully to the Annex VI Tier III
NOX standards under 40 CFR part 1043 and meet all other
applicable requirements in 40 CFR part 1043. Engines that would
otherwise be subject to the Tier 4 standards of this part must also
conform fully to the Annex VI Tier III NOX standards under 40
CFR part 1043.
(ii) The engine may not be used for propulsion (except for emergency
engines).
(iii) The engine may be equipped with on-off NOX
controls, provided it conforms to the requirements of Sec. 1042.115(g).
(2) You must notify the Designated Compliance Officer of your intent
to use this exemption when applying for the EIAPP certificate for the
engine under 40 CFR part 1043.
(3) The remanufactured engine requirements of subpart I of this part
do not apply.
(4) If you introduce an engine into U.S. commerce under this
paragraph (d), you must meet the labeling requirements in Sec.
1042.135, but add the following statement instead of the compliance
statement in Sec. 1042.135(c)(10):
THIS ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY WITH CURRENT U.S. EPA EMISSION STANDARDS
UNDER 40 CFR 1042.650 AND IS FOR USE SOLELY IN VESSELS WITH CATEGORY 3
PROPULSION ENGINES. INSTALLATION OR USE OF THIS ENGINE IN ANY OTHER
APPLICATION MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23007, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.655 Special certification provisions for--Category 3 engines with

aftertreatment.

This section describes an optional approach for demonstrating for
certification that catalyst-equipped engines (or engines equipped with
other aftertreatment devices) comply with applicable emission standards.
You must use good engineering judgment for all aspects of this
allowance.
(a) Eligibility. You may use the provisions of this section without
our prior approval to demonstrate that aftertreatment-equipped Category
3 engines meet the Tier 3 standards. In unusual circumstances, we may
also allow you to use this approach to demonstrate that aftertreatment-
equipped Category 2 engines meet the Tier 4 standards. We will generally
approve this for Category 2 engines only if the engines are too large to
be practically tested in a laboratory with a fully assembled
aftertreatment system. If we approve this approach for a Category 2
engine, interpret references to Tier 3 in this section to mean Tier 4,
and interpret references to Tier 2 in this section to mean Tier 3.
(b) Required testing. The emission-data engine must be tested as
specified in Subpart F to verify that the engine-out emissions comply
with the Tier 2 standards. The catalyst material or other aftertreatment
device must be tested under conditions that accurately represent actual
engine conditions for the test points. This catalyst or aftertreatment
testing may be performed on a benchscale.
(c) Engineering analysis. Include with your application a detailed
engineering analysis describing how the test data collected for the
engine and aftertreatment demonstrate that all

[[Page 320]]

engines in the family will meet all applicable emission standards. We
may require that you submit this analysis separately from your
application, or that you obtain preliminary approval under Sec.
1042.210.
(d) Verification. You must verify your design by testing a complete
production engine with installed aftertreatment in the final assembled
configuration. Unless we specify otherwise, do this by complying with
production-line testing requirements of subpart D of this part.
(e) Other requirements. All other requirements of this part,
including the non-testing requirements for certification, apply for
these engines. Nothing in this section affects requirements in other
regulatory parts, such as Coast Guard safety requirements.

[75 FR 23007, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.660 Requirements for vessel manufacturers, owners, and operators.

(a) For vessels equipped with emission controls requiring the use of
specific fuels, lubricants, or other fluids, owners and operators must
comply with the manufacturer/remanufacturer's specifications for such
fluids when operating the vessels. Failure to comply with the
requirements of this paragraph is a violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1).
For marine vessels that are excluded from the requirements of 40 CFR
part 1043 because they operate only domestically, it is also a violation
of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1) to operate the vessel using residual fuel on or
after January 1, 2015. Note that 40 CFR part 80 also includes provisions
that restrict the use of certain fuels by certain marine engines.
(b) For vessels equipped with SCR systems requiring the use of urea
or other reductants, owners and operators must report to us within 30
days any operation of such vessels without the appropriate reductant.
Failure to comply with the requirements of this paragraph is a violation
of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2). Note that such operation is a violation of 40
CFR 1068.101(b)(1).
(c) The provisions of this paragraph (c) apply for marine vessels
containing Category 3 engines.
(1) The requirements of this paragraph (c)(1) apply only for
Category 3 engines. All maintenance, repair, adjustment, and alteration
of Category 3 engines subject to the provisions of this part performed
by any owner, operator or other maintenance provider must be perform
using good engineering judgment, in such a manner that the engine
continues (after the maintenance, repair, adjustment or alteration) to
meet the emission standards it was certified as meeting prior to the
need for service. This includes but is not limited to complying with the
maintenance instructions described in Sec. 1042.125. Adjustments are
limited to the range specified by the engine manufacturer in the
approved application for certification. Note that where a repair (or
other maintenance) cannot be completed while at sea, it is not a
violation to continue operating the engine to reach your destination.
(2) It is a violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1) to operate the vessel
with the engine adjusted outside of the specified adjustable range. Each
two-hour period of such operation constitutes a separate offense. A
violation lasting less than two hours constitutes a single offense.
(3) The owner and operator of the engine must maintain on board the
vessel records of all maintenance, repair, and adjustment that could
reasonably affect the emission performance of any engine subject to the
provision of this part. Owners and operators must also maintain, on
board the vessel, records regarding certification, parameter adjustment,
and fuels used. For engines that are automatically adjusted
electronically, all adjustments must be logged automatically. Owners and
operators must make these records available to EPA upon request. These
records must include the following:
(i) The Technical File, Record Book of Engine Parameters, and bunker
delivery notes as specified in 40 CFR 1043.70. The Technical File must
be transferred to subsequent purchasers in the event of a sale of the
engine or vessel. (ii) Specific descriptions of engine maintenance,
repair, adjustment, and alteration (including rebuilding). The
descriptions must include at least the

[[Page 321]]

date, time, and nature of the maintenance, repair, adjustment, or
alteration and the position of the vessel when the maintenance, repair,
adjustment, or alteration was made.
(iii) Emission-related maintenance instructions provided by the
manufacturer. These instructions must be transferred to subsequent
purchasers in the event of a sale of the engine or vessel.
(4) Owners and operators of engines equipped with on-off emission
controls must comply with the requirements of this paragraph (c)(4)
whenever a malfunction of the emission controls is indicated as
specified in Sec. 1042.110(d). You must determine the cause of the
malfunction and remedy it consistent with paragraph (c)(1) of this
section. See paragraph (b) of this section if the malfunction is due to
either a lack of reductant or inadequate reductant quality. If the
malfunction occurs during the useful life, report the malfunction to the
certificate holder for investigation and compliance with defect
reporting requirements of 40 CFR 1068.501 (unless the malfunction is due
to operation without adequate urea or other malmaintenance).
(d) For each marine vessel containing a Category 3 engine, the owner
must annually review the vessel's records and submit to EPA a signed
statement certifying compliance during the preceding year with the
requirements of this part that are applicable to owners and operators of
such vessels. Alternately, if review of the vessel's records indicates
that there has been one or more violations of the requirements of this
part, the owner must submit to EPA a signed statement specifying the
noncompliance, including the nature of the noncompliance, the time of
the noncompliance, and any efforts made to remedy the noncompliance. The
statement of compliance (or noncompliance) required by this paragraph
must be signed by the executive with responsibility for marine
activities of the owner. If the vessel is operated by a different
business entity than the vessel owner, the reporting requirements of
this paragraph (e) apply to both the owner and the operator. Compliance
with these review and certification requirements by either the vessel
owner or the vessel operator with respect to a compliance statement will
be considered compliance with these requirements by both of these
parties for that compliance statement. The executive(s) may authorize a
captain or other primary operator to conduct this review and submit the
certification, provided that the certification statement is accompanied
by written authorization for that individual to submit such statements.
The Administrator may waive the requirements of this paragraph when
equivalent assurance of compliance is otherwise available.
(e) Manufacturers, owners and operators must allow emission tests
and inspections required by this part to be conducted and must provide
reasonable assistance to perform such tests or inspections.

[75 FR 23007, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.670 Special provisions for gas turbine engines.

The provisions of this section apply for gas turbine engines.
(a) Implementation schedule. The requirements of this part do not
apply for gas turbine engines below 600 kW before the 2014 model year.
The requirements of this part do not apply for Tier 3 or earlier gas
turbine engines at or above 600 kW. The provisions of 40 CFR part 1068
also do not apply for gas turbine engines produced in these earlier
model years.
(b) Special test procedures. Manufacturers seeking certification of
gas turbine engines must obtain preliminary approval of the test
procedures to be used, consistent with Sec. 1042.210 and 40 CFR
1065.10.
(c) Remanufacturing. The requirements of subpart I of this part do
not apply for gas turbine engines.
(d) Equivalent displacement. Apply displacement-based provisions of
this part by calculating an equivalent displacement from the maximum
engine power. The equivalent per-cylinder displacement (in liters)
equals the maximum engine power in kW multiplied by 0.00311, except that
all gas turbines with maximum engine power above 9,300 kW are considered
to have an equivalent per-cylinder displacement of 29.0 liters.

[[Page 322]]

(e) Emission-related components. All components meeting the criteria
of 40 CFR 1068.501(a)(1) are considered to be emission-related
components with respect to maintenance, warranty, and defect reporting
for gas turbine engines.
(f) Engines used for national defense. See Sec. 1042.635 for
provisions related to exempting gas turbine engines used for national
defense.

[75 FR 23008, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

Sec. 1042.701 General provisions.

This subpart describes how you may use emission credits to
demonstrate that Category 1 and Category 2 engines comply with emission
standards under this part. The provisions of this subpart do not apply
for Category 3 engines.
(a) You may average, bank, and trade (ABT) emission credits for
purposes of certification as described in this subpart to show
compliance with the standards of this part. Participation in this
program is voluntary.
(b) The definitions of subpart J of this part apply to this subpart.
The following definitions also apply:
(1) Actual emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have verified by reviewing your final report.
(2) Applicable emission standard means an emission standard that is
specified in subpart B of this part. Note that for other subparts,
``applicable emission standard'' is defined to also include FELs.
(3) Averaging set means a set of engines in which emission credits
may be exchanged only with other engines in the same averaging set.
(4) Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission
credits between a buyer and seller.
(5) Buyer means the entity that receives emission credits as a
result of a trade.
(6) Reserved emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have not yet verified by reviewing your final report.
(7) Seller means the entity that provides emission credits during a
trade.
(8) Standard means the emission standard that applies under subpart
B of this part for engines not participating in the ABT program of this
subpart.
(9) Trade means to exchange emission credits, either as a buyer or
seller.
(c) Emission credits may be exchanged only within an averaging set.
Except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, the following
criteria define the applicable averaging sets:
(1) Recreational engines.
(2) Commercial Category 1 engines.
(3) Category 2 engines.
(d) Emission credits generated by commercial Category 1 engine
families may be used for compliance by Category 2 engine families. Such
credits must be discounted by 25 percent.
(e) You may not use emission credits generated under this subpart to
offset any emissions that exceed an FEL or standard. This applies for
all testing, including certification testing, in-use testing, selective
enforcement audits, and other production-line testing. However, if
emissions from an engine exceed an FEL or standard (for example, during
a selective enforcement audit), you may use emission credits to
recertify the engine family with a higher FEL that applies only to
future production.
(f) Engine families that use emission credits for one or more
pollutants may not generate positive emission credits for another
pollutant.
(g) Emission credits may be used in the model year they are
generated or in future model years. Emission credits may not be used for
past model years.
(h) You may increase or decrease an FEL during the model year by
amending your application for certification under Sec. 1042.225.
(i) You may use NOX+HC credits to show compliance with a
NOX emission standard or use NOX credits to show
compliance with a NOX+HC emission standard.

[73 FR FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23008, Apr. 30,
2010]

[[Page 323]]

Sec. 1042.705 Generating and calculating emission credits.

The provisions of this section apply separately for calculating
emission credits for NOX, NOX+HC, or PM.
(a) For each participating family, calculate positive or negative
emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission standard.
Calculate positive emission credits for a family that has an FEL below
the standard. Calculate negative emission credits for a family that has
an FEL above the standard. Sum your positive and negative credits for
the model year before rounding. Round the sum of emission credits to the
nearest kilogram (kg) using consistent units throughout the following
equation:

Emission credits (kg) = (Std - FEL) x (Volume) x (Power) x (LF) x (UL) x
(10^-\3\)

Where:

Std = The emission standard, in g/kW-hr.
FEL = The family emission limit for the engine family, in g/kW-hr.
Volume = The number of engines eligible to participate in the averaging,
banking, and trading program within the given engine family during the
model year, as described in paragraph (c) of this section.
Power = The average value of maximum engine power of all the engine
configurations within an engine family, calculated on a production-
weighted basis, in kilowatts.
LF = Load factor. Use 0.69 for propulsion marine engines and 0.51 for
auxiliary marine engines. We may specify a different load factor if we
approve the use of special test procedures for an engine family under 40
CFR 1065.10(c)(2), consistent with good engineering judgment.
UL = The useful life for the given engine family, in hours.

(b) [Reserved]
(c) In your application for certification, base your showing of
compliance on projected production volumes for engines whose point of
first retail sale is in the United States. As described in Sec.
1042.730, compliance with the requirements of this subpart is determined
at the end of the model year based on actual production volumes for
engines whose point of first retail sale is in the United States. Do not
include any of the following engines to calculate emission credits:
(1) Engines permanently exempted under subpart G of this part or
under 40 CFR part 1068.
(2) Exported engines.
(3) Engines not subject to the requirements of this part, such as
those excluded under Sec. 1042.5.
(4) [Reserved]
(5) Any other engines, where we indicate elsewhere in this part 1042
that they are not to be included in the calculations of this subpart.

[73 FR FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23008, Apr. 30,
2010]

Sec. 1042.710 Averaging emission credits.

(a) Averaging is the exchange of emission credits among your engine
families.
(b) You may certify one or more engine families to an FEL above the
emission standard, subject to the FEL caps and other provisions in
subpart B of this part, if you show in your application for
certification that your projected balance of all emission-credit
transactions in that model year is greater than or equal to zero.
(c) If you certify an engine family to an FEL that exceeds the
otherwise applicable emission standard, you must obtain enough emission
credits to offset the engine family's deficit by the due date for the
final report required in Sec. 1042.730. The emission credits used to
address the deficit may come from your other engine families that
generate emission credits in the same model year, from emission credits
you have banked, or from emission credits you obtain through trading.

Sec. 1042.715 Banking emission credits.

(a) Banking is the retention of emission credits by the manufacturer
generating the emission credits for use in future model years for
averaging or trading.
(b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the
reports you submit under Sec. 1042.730 as reserved credits. During the
model year and before the due date for the final report, you may
designate your reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
(c) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit
your final report. However, we may revoke these emission credits if we
are unable

[[Page 324]]

to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your records.

[75 FR 23009, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.720 Trading emission credits.

(a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between
manufacturers. You may use traded emission credits for averaging,
banking, or further trading transactions.
(b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this
subpart. You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may revoke
these emission credits based on our review of your records or reports or
those of the company with which you traded emission credits. You may
trade banked credits within an averaging set to any certifying
manufacturer.
(c) If a negative emission credit balance results from a
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we
deem to involve fraud. See Sec. 1042.255(e) for cases involving fraud.
We may void the certificates of all engine families participating in a
trade that results in a manufacturer having a negative balance of
emission credits. See Sec. 1042.745.

[73 FR FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23009, Apr. 30,
2010]

Sec. 1042.725 Information required for the application for certification.

(a) You must declare in your application for certification your
intent to use the provisions of this subpart for each engine family that
will be certified using the ABT program. You must also declare the FELs
you select for the engine family for each pollutant for which you are
using the ABT program. Your FELs must comply with the specifications of
subpart B of this part, including the FEL caps. FELs must be expressed
to the same number of decimal places as the emission standards.
(b) Include the following in your application for certification:
(1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have
a negative balance of emission credits for any averaging set when all
emission credits are calculated at the end of the year.
(2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (positive or
negative) based on projected production volumes. We may require you to
include similar calculations from your other engine families to
demonstrate that you will be able to avoid a negative credit balance for
the model year. If you project negative emission credits for a family,
state the source of positive emission credits you expect to use to
offset the negative emission credits.

[73 FR FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23009, Apr. 30,
2010]

Sec. 1042.730 ABT reports.

(a) If any of your engine families are certified using the ABT
provisions of this subpart, you must send an end-of-year report within
90 days after the end of the model year and a final report within 270
days after the end of the model year. We may waive the requirement to
send the end-of-year report, as long as you send the final report on
time.
(b) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
information for each engine family participating in the ABT program:
(1) Engine-family designation.
(2) The emission standards that would otherwise apply to the engine
family.
(3) The FEL for each pollutant. If you change the FEL after the
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new
FEL and/or give the engine identification number for the first engine
covered by the new FEL. In this case, identify each applicable FEL and
calculate the positive or negative emission credits under each FEL.
(4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for
the model year, as described in Sec. 1042.705(c). If you changed an FEL
during the model year, identify the actual production volume associated
with each FEL.
(5) Maximum engine power for each engine configuration, and the
average engine power weighted by U.S.-directed production volumes for
the engine family.
(6) Useful life.
(7) Calculated positive or negative emission credits for the whole
engine family. Identify any emission credits that you traded, as
described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.

[[Page 325]]

(c) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
additional information:
(1) Show that your net balance of emission credits from all your
participating engine families in each averaging set in the applicable
model year is not negative.
(2) State whether you will retain any emission credits for banking.
(3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
(d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within
90 days after the transaction, as follows:
(1) Sellers must include the following information in their report:
(i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) The engine families that generated emission credits for the
trade, including the number of emission credits from each family.
(2) Buyers must include the following information in their report:
(i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the
number of emission credits you intend to apply to each engine family (if
known).
(e) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(f) Correct errors in your end-of-year report or final report as
follows:
(1) You may correct any errors in your end-of-year report when you
prepare the final report, as long as you send us the final report by the
time it is due.
(2) If you or we determine within 270 days after the end of the
model year that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission
credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of
emission credits. You may not make these corrections for errors that are
determined more than 270 days after the end of the model year. If you
report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow
corrections under this paragraph (f)(2).
(3) If you or we determine anytime that errors mistakenly increased
your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors and
recalculate the balance of emission credits.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23009, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.735 Recordkeeping.

(a) You must organize and maintain your records as described in this
section. We may review your records at any time.
(b) Keep the records required by this section for at least eight
years after the due date for the end-of-year report. You may not use
emission credits for any engines if you do not keep all the records
required under this section. You must therefore keep these records to
continue to bank valid credits. Store these records in any format and on
any media as long as you can promptly send us organized, written records
in English if we ask for them. You must keep these records readily
available. We may review them at any time.
(c) Keep a copy of the reports we require in Sec. 1042.730.
(d) Keep records of the engine identification number for each engine
you produce that generates or uses emission credits under the ABT
program. You may identify these numbers as a range. If you change the
FEL after the start of production, identify the date you started using
each FEL and the range of engine identification numbers associated with
each FEL. You must also identify the purchaser and destination for each
engine you produce to the extent this information is available.
(e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us
relevant information not required by this section in accordance with the
Clean Air Act.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23009, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.745 Noncompliance.

(a) For each engine family participating in the ABT program, the
certificate of conformity is conditional upon full compliance with the
provisions of this subpart during and after the model

[[Page 326]]

year. You are responsible to establish to our satisfaction that you
fully comply with applicable requirements. We may void the certificate
of conformity for an engine family if you fail to comply with any
provisions of this subpart.
(b) You may certify your engine family to an FEL above an emission
standard based on a projection that you will have enough emission
credits to offset the deficit for the engine family. However, we may
void the certificate of conformity if you cannot show in your final
report that you have enough actual emission credits to offset a deficit
for any pollutant in an engine family.
(c) We may void the certificate of conformity for an engine family
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information we
request.
(d) You may ask for a hearing if we void your certificate under this
section (see Sec. 1042.920).

Subpart I_Special Provisions for Remanufactured Marine Engines

Sec. 1042.801 General provisions.

This subpart describes how the provisions of this part 1042 apply
for certain remanufactured marine engines.
(a) The requirements of this subpart apply for remanufactured Tier 2
and earlier commercial Category 1 and Category 2 marine engines at or
above 600 kW, excluding those engines originally manufactured before
1973. Note that the requirements of this subpart do not apply for
engines below 600 kW, Category 3 engines, engines installed on
recreational vessels, or Tier 3 and later engines.
(b) Any person meeting the definition of ``remanufacturer'' in Sec.
1042.901 may apply for a certificate of conformity for a remanufactured
engine family.
(c) The rebuilding requirements of 40 CFR 1068.120 do not apply to
remanufacturing of engines using a certified remanufacturing system
under this subpart. However, the requirements of 40 CFR 1068.120 do
apply to all other remanufacturing of engines.
(d) Unless specified otherwise, engines certified under this subpart
are also subject to the other requirements of this part.
(e) For remanufactured engines required to have a valid certificate
of conformity, placing a new marine engine back into service following
remanufacturing is a violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1), unless it has a
valid certificate of conformity for its model year and the required
label.
(f) Remanufacturing systems that require a fuel change or use of a
fuel additive may be certified under this part. However, they are not
considered to be ``available'' with respect to triggering the
requirement for an engine to be covered by a certificate of conformity
under Sec. 1042.815. The following provisions apply:
(1) Only fuels and additives registered under 40 CFR part 79 may be
used under this paragraph (f).
(2) You must demonstrate in your application that the fuel or
additive will actually be used by operators, including a description of
how the vessels and dispensing tanks will be labeled. We may require you
to provide the labels to the operators.
(3) You must also describe analytical methods that can be used by
EPA or others to verify that fuel meets your specifications.
(4) You must provide clear instructions to the operators specifying
that they may only use the specified fuel/additive, label their vessels
and fuel dispensing tanks, and keep records of their use of the fuel/
additive in order for their engine to be covered by your certificate.
Use of the incorrect fuel (or fuel without the specified additive) or
any other failure to comply with the requirements of this paragraph is a
violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1).
(g) Vessels equipped with emission controls as part of a state or
local retrofit program prior to January 1, 2017 are exempt from the
requirements of this subpart, as specified in this paragraph (g).
(1) This exemption only applies for retrofit programs sponsored by a
state government (or one of its political subdivisions) for the purpose
of reducing emissions. The exemption does not apply where the sponsoring
government specifies that inclusion in the retrofit program is not
intended to provide an exemption from the requirements of this subpart.
(2) The prohibitions against tampering and defeat devices in 40 CFR

[[Page 327]]

1068.101(b) and the rebuilding requirements in 40 CFR 1068.120 apply for
the exempt engines in the same manner as if they were covered by a
certificate.
(3) Vessel owners must request an exemption prior to remanufacturing
the engine. Your request must include documentation that your vessel has
been retrofitted consistent with the specifications of paragraph (g)(1)
of this section, and a signed statement declaring that to be true.
Except for the initial request for a specific vessel and a specific
retrofit, you may consider your request to be approved unless we notify
you otherwise within 30 days of the date that we receive your request.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23009, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.810 Requirements for owner/operators and installers during

remanufacture.

This section describes how the remanufacturing regulations affect
owner/operators and installers for engines subject to this subpart.
(a) See the definition of ``remanufacture'' in Sec. 1042.901 to
determine if you are remanufacturing your engine. (Note: Replacing
cylinders one at a time may qualify as remanufacturing, depending on the
interval between replacement.)
(b) See the definition of ``new marine engine'' in Sec. 1042.901 to
determine if remanufacturing your engine makes it subject to the
requirements of this part. If the engine is considered to be new, it is
subject to the certification requirements of this subpart, unless it is
exempt under subpart G of this part.
(c) Your engine is not subject to the standards of this part if we
determine that no certified remanufacturing system is available for your
engine as described in Sec. 1042.815. For engines that are
remanufactured during multiple events within a five-year period, you are
not required to use a certified system until all of your engine's
cylinders have been replaced after the system became available. For
example, if you remanufacture your 16-cylinder engine by replacing four
cylinders each January and a system becomes available for your engine
June 1, 2010, your engine must be in a certified configuration when you
replace four cylinders in January of 2014. At that point, all 16
cylinders would have been replaced after June 1, 2010.
(d) You may comply with the certification requirements of this part
for your remanufactured engine by either obtaining your own certificate
of conformity as specified in subpart C of this part or by having a
certifying remanufacturer include your engine under its certificate of
conformity. In either case, your remanufactured engine must be covered
by a certificate before it is reintroduced into service.
(e) Contact a certifying remanufacturer to have your engine included
under its certificate of conformity. You must comply with the
certificate holder's emission-related installation instructions.

Sec. 1042.815 Demonstrating availability.

(a) A certified remanufacturing system is considered to be available
for a specific engine only if EPA has certified the remanufacturing
system as being in compliance with the provisions of this part and the
certificate holder has demonstrated during certification that the system
meets the criteria of this paragraph (a). We may issue a certificate for
a remanufacturing system that does not meet these criteria, but such
systems would not be considered available.
(1) The engine configuration must be included in the engine family
for the remanufacturing system.
(2) The total marginal cost of the remanufacturing system, as
calculated under paragraph (c) of this section, must be less than
$45,000 per ton of PM reduction.
(3) It must be possible to obtain and install the remanufacturing
system in a timely manner consistent with normal remanufacturing
procedures. For example, a remanufacturing system would generally not be
considered to be available if it required that the engine be removed
from the vessel and shipped to a factory to be remanufactured.
(4) The remanufacturing system may result in increased maintenance
costs, provided the incremental maintenance costs are included in the
total costs. The remanufacturing system may not adversely affect engine
reliability or

[[Page 328]]

power. Note that owner/operators may ask us to determine that a
remanufacturing system is not considered available for their vessels
because of excessive costs under Sec. 1042.850.
(b) We will maintain a list of available remanufacturing systems. A
new remanufacturing system is considered to be available 120 days after
we first issue a certificate of conformity for it. Where we issue a
certificate of conformity based on carryover data for a system that is
already considered to be available for the configuration, the 120-day
delay does not apply and the new system is considered to be available
when we issue the certificate.
(c) For the purpose of paragraph (a)(2) of this section, marginal
cost means the difference in costs between remanufacturing the engine
using the remanufacturing system and remanufacturing the engine
conventionally, divided by the projected amount that PM emissions will
be reduced over the engine's useful life.
(1) Total costs include:
(i) Incremental hardware costs.
(ii) Incremental labor costs.
(iii) Incremental operating costs over one useful life period.
(iv) Other costs (such as shipping).
(2) Calculate the projected amount that PM emissions will be reduced
over the engine's useful life using the following equation:

PM tons = (EFbase - EFcont) x (PR) x (UL) x (LF) x
(10^-6)

Where:

EFbase = deteriorated baseline PM emission rate (g/kW-hr).
EFcont = deteriorated controlled PM emission rate (g/kW-hr).
PR = maximum engine power for the engine (kW).
UL = useful life (hr).
LF = the load factor that would apply for your engine under Sec.
1042.705.

Sec. 1042.820 Emission standards and required emission reductions for

remanufactured engines.

(a) The requirements of this section apply with respect to emissions
as measured according to subpart F of this part. See paragraph (g) of
this section for special provisions related to remanufacturing systems
certified for both locomotive and marine engines. Remanufactured Tier 2
and earlier engines may be certified under this subpart only if they
have NOX emissions equivalent to or less than baseline
NOX levels and PM emissions at least 25.0 percent less than
baseline PM emission levels. See Sec. 1042.825 for provisions for
determining baseline NOX and PM emissions. See Sec. 1042.835
for provisions related to demonstrating compliance with these
requirements.
(b) The NTE and ABT provisions of this part do not apply for
remanufactured engines.
(c) The exhaust emission standards in this section apply for engines
using the fuel type on which the engines in the engine family are
designed to operate. Engines designed to operate using residual fuel
must comply with the standards and requirements of this part when
operated using residual fuel.
(d) Your engines must meet the exhaust emission standards of this
section over their full useful life, as defined in Sec. 1042.101(e).
(e) The duty-cycle emission standards in this subpart apply to all
testing performed according to the procedures in Sec. 1042.505,
including certification, production-line, and in-use testing.
(f) Sections 1042.120, 1042.125, 1042.130, 1042.140 apply for
remanufactured engines as written. Section 1042.115 applies for
remanufactured engines as written, except for the requirement that
electronically controlled engines broadcast their speed and output shaft
torque.
(g) A remanufacturing system certified for locomotive engines under
40 CFR part 1033 may be deemed to also meet the requirements of this
section, as specified in Sec. 1042.836.

Sec. 1042.825 Baseline determination.

(a) For the purpose of this subpart, the term ``baseline emissions''
means the average measured emission rate specified by this section.
Baseline emissions are specific to a given certificate holder and a
given engine configuration.
(b) Select a used engine to be the emission-data engine for the
engine family for testing. Using good engineering judgment, select the
engine configuration expected to represent the

[[Page 329]]

most common configuration in the family.
(c) Remanufacture the engine according to OEM specifications (or
equivalent). The engine is considered ``the baseline engine'' at this
point. If the OEM specifications include a range of adjustment for any
parameter, set the parameter to the midpoint of the range. You may ask
us to allow you to adjust it differently, consistent with good
engineering judgment.
(d) Test the baseline engine four times according to the test
procedures in subpart F of this part. The baseline emissions are the
average of those four tests.
(e) We may require you to test a second engine of the same or
different configuration in addition to the engine tested under this
section. If we require you to test the same configuration, average the
results of the testing with previous results, unless we determine that
your previous results are not valid.
(f) Use good engineering judgment for all aspects of the baseline
determination. We may reject your baseline if we determine that you did
not use good engineering judgment, consistent with the provisions of 40
CFR 1068.5.

Sec. 1042.830 Labeling.

(a) At the time of remanufacture, affix a permanent and legible
label identifying each engine. The label must be--
(1) Attached in one piece so it is not removable without being
destroyed or defaced.
(2) Secured to a part of the engine needed for normal operation and
not normally requiring replacement.
(3) Durable and readable for the engine's entire useful life.
(4) Written in English.
(b) The label must--
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark.
(3) Include EPA's standardized designation for the engine family.
(4) State the engine's category, displacement (in liters or L/cyl),
maximum engine power (in kW), and power density (in kW/L) as needed to
determine the emission standards for the engine family. You may specify
displacement, maximum engine power, and power density as ranges
consistent with the ranges listed in Sec. 1042.101. See Sec. 1042.140
for descriptions of how to specify per-cylinder displacement, maximum
engine power, and power density.
(5) State: ``THIS MARINE ENGINE COMPLIES WITH 40 CFR 1042, SUBPART
I, FOR [CALENDAR YEAR OF REMANUFACTURE].''.
(c) You may add information to the emission control information
label to identify other emission standards that the engine meets or does
not meet (such as international standards). You may also add other
information to ensure that the engine will be properly maintained and
used.
(d) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
section if you show that it is necessary or appropriate. We will approve
your request if your alternate label is consistent with the intent of
the labeling requirements of this section.

Sec. 1042.835 Certification of remanufactured engines.

(a) General requirements. See Sec. Sec. 1042.201, 1042.210,
1042.220, 1042.225, 1042.250, and 1042.255 for the general requirements
related to obtaining a certificate of conformity. See Sec. 1042.836 for
special certification provisions for remanufacturing systems certified
for locomotive engines under 40 CFR 1033.936.
(b) Applications. See Sec. 1042.840 for a description of what you
must include in your application.
(c) Engine families. See Sec. 1042.845 for instruction about
dividing your engines into engine families.
(d) Test data. (1) Measure baseline emissions for the test
configuration as specified in Sec. 1042.825.
(2) Measure emissions from the test engine for your remanufacturing
system according to the procedures of subpart F of this part.
(3) We may measure emissions from any of your test engines or other
engines from the engine family, as follows:
(i) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. If we

[[Page 330]]

do this, you must deliver the test engine to a test facility we
designate. The test engine you provide must include appropriate
manifolds, aftertreatment devices, electronic control units, and other
emission-related components not normally attached directly to the engine
block. If we do the testing at your plant, you must schedule it as soon
as possible and make available the instruments, personnel, and equipment
we need.
(ii) If we measure emissions from one of your test engines, the
results of that testing become the official emission results for the
engine. Unless we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to
consider your data in determining if your engine family meets applicable
requirements.
(iii) Before we test one of your engines, we may set its adjustable
parameters to any point within the specified adjustable ranges (see
Sec. 1042.115(d)).
(iv) Before we test one of your engines, we may calibrate it within
normal production tolerances for anything we do not consider an
adjustable parameter.
(4) You may ask to use emission data from a previous model year
instead of doing new tests, but only if all the following are true:
(i) The engine family from the previous model year differs from the
current engine family only with respect to model year or other
characteristics unrelated to emissions. You may also ask to add a
configuration subject to Sec. 1042.225.
(ii) The emission-data engine from the previous model year remains
the appropriate emission-data engine.
(iii) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the
requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the application
for certification.
(5) We may require you to test a second engine of the same or
different configuration in addition to the engine tested under this
section.
(6) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in subpart F of this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.
(e) Demonstrating compliance. (1) For purposes of certification,
your engine family is considered in compliance with the emission
standards in Sec. 1042.820 if all emission-data engines representing
that family have test results showing compliance with the standards and
percent reductions required by that section. To compare emission levels
from the emission-data engine with the applicable emission standards,
apply an additive deterioration factor of 0.015 g/kW-hr to the measured
emission levels for PM. Alternatively, you may test your engine as
specified in Sec. 1042.245 to develop deterioration factors that
represent the deterioration expected in emissions over your engines'
full useful life.
(2) Collect emission data using measurements to one more decimal
place than the applicable standard. Apply the deterioration factor to
the official emission result, then round the adjusted figure to the same
number of decimal places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded
emission levels to the emission standard for each emission-data engine.
(3) Your applicable NOX standard for each configuration
is the baseline NOX emission rate for that configuration plus
5.0 percent (to account for test-to-test and engine-to-engine
variability). Your applicable PM standard for each configuration is the
baseline PM emission rate for that configuration multiplied by 0.750
plus the deterioration factor. If you choose to include configurations
in your engine family for which you do not measure baseline emissions,
you must demonstrate through engineering analysis that your
remanufacturing system will reduce PM emissions by at least 25.0 percent
for those configurations and not increase NOX emissions.
(4) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data
engine representing that family for certification has test results
showing a deteriorated emission level above an applicable emission
standard for any pollutant.
(f) Safety Evaluation. You must exercise due diligence in ensuring
that your system will not adversely affect safety

[[Page 331]]

or otherwise violate the prohibition of Sec. 1042.115(e).
(g) Compatibility Evaluation. If you are not the original
manufacturer of the engine, you must contact the original manufacturer
of the engine to verify that your system is compatible with the engine.
Keep records of your contact with the original manufacturer.

Sec. 1042.836 Marine certification of locomotive remanufacturing systems.

If you certify a Tier 0, Tier 1, or Tier 2 remanufacturing system
for locomotives under 40 CFR part 1033, you may also certify the system
under this part 1042, according to the provisions of this section. Note
that in certain cases before 2013, locomotives may be certified under 40
CFR part 1033 to the standards of 40 CFR part 92.
(a) Include the following with your application for certification
under 40 CFR part 1033 (or as an amendment to your application):
(1) A statement of your intent to use your remanufacturing system
for marine engines. Include a list of marine engine models for which
your system may be used.
(2) If there are significant differences in how your remanufacture
system will be applied to marine engines relative to locomotives, in an
engineering analysis demonstrating that your system will achieve
emission reductions from marine engines similar to those from
locomotives.
(3) A description of modifications needed for marine applications.
(4) A demonstration of availability as described in Sec. 1042.815,
except that the total marginal cost threshold does not apply.
(5) An unconditional statement that all the engines in the engine
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.
(b) Sections 1042.835 and 1042.840 do not apply for engines
certified under this section.
(c) Systems certified to the standards of 40 CFR part 92 are subject
to the following restrictions:
(1) Tier 0 locomotives systems may not be used for any Category 1
engines or Tier 1 or later Category 2 engines.
(2) Where systems certified to the standards of 40 CFR part 1033 are
also available for an engine, you may not use a system certified to the
standards of 40 CFR part 92.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23009, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.840 Application requirements for remanufactured engines.

This section specifies the information that must be in your
application, unless we ask you to include less information under Sec.
1042.201(c). We may require you to provide additional information to
evaluate your application.
(a) Describe the engine family's specifications and other basic
parameters of the engine's design and emission controls. List the fuel
type on which your engines are designed to operate (for example, ultra
low-sulfur diesel fuel). List each distinguishable engine configuration
in the engine family. For each engine configuration, list the maximum
engine power and the range of values for maximum engine power resulting
from production tolerances, as described in Sec. 1042.140.
(b) Explain how the emission control system operates. Describe in
detail all system components for controlling exhaust emissions,
including any auxiliary emission control devices (AECDs) you add to the
engine. Identify the part number of each component you describe.
(c) Summarize your cost effectiveness analysis used to demonstrate
your system will meet the availability criteria of Sec. 1042.815.
Identify the maximum allowable costs for vessel modifications to meet
the these criteria.
(d) Describe the engines you selected for testing and the reasons
for selecting them.
(e) Describe the test equipment and procedures that you used,
including the duty cycle(s) and the corresponding engine applications.
Also describe any special or alternate test procedures you used.
(f) Describe how you operated the emission-data engine before
testing, including the duty cycle and the number of engine operating
hours used to stabilize emission levels. Explain why you

[[Page 332]]

selected the method of service accumulation. Describe any scheduled
maintenance you did.
(g) List the specifications of the test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges we specify in 40 CFR part 1065. See Sec.
1042.801 if your certification is based on the use of special fuels or
additives.
(h) Identify the engine family's useful life.
(i) Include the maintenance and warranty instructions you will give
to the owner/operator (see Sec. Sec. 1042.120 and 1042.125).
(j) Include the emission-related installation instructions you will
provide if someone else installs your engines in a vessel (see Sec.
1042.130).
(k) Describe your emission control information label (see Sec.
1042.830).
(l) Identify the engine family's deterioration factors and describe
how you developed them (see Sec. 1042.245). Present any emission test
data you used for this.
(m) State that you operated your emission-data engines as described
in the application (including the test procedures, test parameters, and
test fuels) to show you meet the requirements of this part.
(n) Present emission data for HC, NOX, PM, and CO as
required by Sec. 1042.820. Show emission figures before and after
applying adjustment factors for regeneration and deterioration factors
for each pollutant and for each engine.
(o) Report all test results, including those from invalid tests,
whether or not they were conducted according to the test procedures of
subpart F of this part. If you measure CO2, report those
emission levels. We may ask you to send other information to confirm
that your tests were valid under the requirements of this part and 40
CFR part 1065.
(p) Describe all adjustable operating parameters (see Sec.
1042.115(d)), including production tolerances. Include the following in
your description of each parameter:
(1) The nominal or recommended setting.
(2) The intended physically adjustable range.
(3) The limits or stops used to establish adjustable ranges.
(4) For Category 1 engines, information showing why the limits,
stops, or other means of inhibiting adjustment are effective in
preventing adjustment of parameters on in-use engines to settings
outside your intended physically adjustable ranges.
(5) For Category 2 engines, propose a range of adjustment for each
adjustable parameter, as described in Sec. 1042.115(d). Include
information showing why the limits, stops, or other means of inhibiting
adjustment are effective in preventing adjustment of parameters on in-
use engines to settings outside your proposed adjustable ranges.
(q) Unconditionally certify that all the engines in the engine
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.
(r) Include the information required by other subparts of this part.
(s) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or 40 CFR part 1068 related to requests for
exemptions.
(t) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.
(u) If you are not the original manufacturer of the engine, include
a summary of your contact with the original manufacturer of the engine
and provide to us any documentation provided to you by the original
manufacturer.

Sec. 1042.845 Remanufactured engine families.

(a) For purposes of certification, divide your product line into
families of engines that are expected to have similar emission
characteristics throughout the useful life as described in this section.
You may not group Category 1 and Category 2 engines in the same family.
(b) In general, group engines in the same engine family if they are
the same in all the following aspects:

[[Page 333]]

(1) The combustion cycle and fuel (the fuels with which the engine
is intended or designed to be operated).
(2) The cooling system (for example, raw-water vs. separate-circuit
cooling).
(3) Method of air aspiration.
(4) Method of exhaust aftertreatment (for example, catalytic
converter or particulate trap).
(5) Combustion chamber design.
(6) Nominal bore and stroke.
(7) Method of control for engine operation other than governing
(i.e., mechanical or electronic).
(8) Original engine manufacturer.
(c) Alternatively, you may ask us to allow you to include other
engine configurations in your engine family, consistent with good
engineering judgment.
(d) Do not include in your family any configurations for which good
engineering judgment indicates that your emission controls are unlikely
to provide PM emission reductions similar to the configuration(s)
tested.

Sec. 1042.850 Exemptions and hardship relief.

This section describes exemption and hardship provisions that are
available for owner/operators of engine subject to the provisions of
this subpart.
(a) Vessels owned and operated by entities that meet the size
criterion of this paragraph (a) are exempt from the requirements of this
subpart I. To be exempt, your gross annual revenue for the calendar year
before the remanufacture must be less than $5,000,000 in 2008 dollars or
the equivalent value for future years based on the Bureau of Labor
Statistics' Producer Price Index (see www.bls.gov). Include all revenues
from any parent company and its subsidiaries. The exemption applies only
for years in which you meet this criterion.
(b) In unusual circumstances, we may exempt you from an otherwise
applicable requirement that you apply a certified remanufacturing system
when remanufacturing your marine engine.
(1) To be eligible, you must demonstrate that all of the following
are true:
(i) Unusual circumstances prevent you from meeting requirements from
this chapter.
(ii) You have taken all reasonable steps to minimize the extent of
the nonconformity.
(iii) Not having the exemption will jeopardize the solvency of your
company.
(iv) No other allowances are available under the regulations in this
chapter to avoid the impending violation.
(2) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a written request for an
exemption before you are in violation.
(3) We may impose other conditions, including provisions to use an
engine meeting less stringent emission standards or to recover the lost
environmental benefit.
(4) In determining whether to grant the exemptions, we will consider
all relevant factors, including the following:
(i) The number of engines to be exempted.
(ii) The size of your company and your ability to endure the
hardship.
(iii) The length of time a vessel is expected to remain in service.
(c) If you believe that a remanufacturing system that we identified
as being available cannot be installed without significant modification
of your vessel, you may ask us to determine that a remanufacturing
system is not considered available for your vessel because the cost
would exceed the total marginal cost threshold in Sec. 1042.815(a)(2).
(d) Other exemptions specified in subpart G of this part and 40 CFR
part 1068, subparts C and D also apply to remanufactured engines. For
example, the national security exemption applies to remanufactured
engines as described in Sec. 1042.635.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8426, Feb. 24, 2009; 75
FR 23009, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart J_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1042.901 Definitions.

[[Page 334]]

Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design
that someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access)
and that, if adjusted, may affect emissions or engine performance during
emission testing or normal in-use operation. This includes, but is not
limited to, parameters related to injection timing and fueling rate. You
may ask us to exclude a parameter that is difficult to access if it
cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without significantly degrading
engine performance, or if you otherwise show us that it will not be
adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in-use operation.
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream
of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to
decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the
environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation and turbochargers are not
aftertreatment.
Alcohol-fueled engine means an engine that is designed to run using
an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do not
include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below 25 percent by volume.
Amphibious vehicle means a vehicle with wheels or tracks that is
designed primarily for operation on land and secondarily for operation
in water.
2008 Annex VI means MARPOL Annex VI, which is an annex to the
International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,
1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating thereto (incorporated
by reference in Sec. 1042.910).
Applicable emission standard or applicable standard means an
emission standard to which an engine is subject; or, where an engine has
been or is being certified to another standard or FEL, applicable
emission standards means the FEL and other standards to which the engine
has been or is being certified. This definition does not apply to
subpart H of this part.
Auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, vessel speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or any
other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.
Base engine means a land-based engine to be marinized, as configured
prior to marinization.
Baseline emissions has the meaning given in Sec. 1042.825.
Brake power means the usable power output of the engine, not
including power required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine,
circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment devices.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year as described in Sec. 1042.235(d).
Category 1 means relating to a marine engine with specific engine
displacement below 7.0 liters per cylinder. See Sec. 1042.670 to
determine equivalent per-cylinder displacement for nonreciprocating
marine engines (such as gas turbine engines).
Category 2 means relating to a marine engine with a specific engine
displacement at or above 7.0 liters per cylinder but less than 30.0
liters per cylinder. See Sec. 1042.670 to determine equivalent per-
cylinder displacement for nonreciprocating marine engines (such as gas
turbine engines).
Category 3 means relating to a reciprocating marine engine with a
specific engine displacement at or above 30.0 liters per cylinder.
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in an engine family for a given pollutant from either transient or
steady-state testing.
Clean Air Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-
7671q.
Commercial means relating to an engine or vessel that is not a
recreational marine engine or a recreational vessel.

[[Page 335]]

Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine. Note
that certain other marine engines (such as those powered by natural gas
with maximum engine power at or above 250 kW) are deemed to be
compression-ignition engines in Sec. 1042.1.
Constant-speed engine means an engine whose certification is limited
to constant-speed operation. Engines whose constant-speed governor
function is removed or disabled are no longer constant-speed engines.
Constant-speed operation has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and
other related internal parts.
Critical emission-related component means any of the following
components:
(1) Electronic control units, aftertreatment devices, fuel-metering
components, EGR-system components, crankcase-ventilation valves, all
components related to charge-air compression and cooling, and all
sensors and actuators associated with any of these components.
(2) Any other component whose primary purpose is to reduce
emissions.
Date of manufacture has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Days means calendar days, unless otherwise specified. For example,
where we specify working days, we mean calendar days excluding weekends
and U.S. national holidays.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy-Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6403-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data engine.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the
end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point (see
Sec. Sec. 1042.240 and 1042.245), expressed in one of the following
ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions
at the end of useful life to emissions at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test
point.
Diesel fuel has the meaning given in 40 CFR 80.2. This generally
includes No. 1 and No. 2 petroleum diesel fuels and biodiesel fuels.
Discrete-mode means relating to the discrete-mode type of steady-
state test described in Sec. 1042.505.
ECA associated area has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1043.20.
Emission control area (ECA) has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1043.20.
Emission control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants
from an engine.
Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for
certification. This includes engines tested to establish deterioration
factors.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. This includes
complete and partially complete engines.
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware
and calibration within an engine family. Engines within a single engine
configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability
or factors unrelated to emissions.
Engine family has the meaning given in Sec. 1042.230.
Engine manufacturer means a manufacturer of an engine. See the
definition of ``manufacturer'' in this section.
Engineering analysis means a summary of scientific and/or
engineering principles and facts that support a conclusion made by a
manufacturer, with respect to compliance with the provisions of this
part.
Excluded means relating to an engine that either:
(1) Has been determined not to be a nonroad engine, as specified in
40 CFR 1068.30; or

[[Page 336]]

(2) Is a nonroad engine that, according to Sec. 1042.5, is not
subject to this part 1042.
Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Exhaust-gas recirculation means a technology that reduces emissions
by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion
chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or
during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of
residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with
incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust-gas
recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission
standard under the ABT program in subpart H of this part. The family
emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as
the emission standard it replaces. The family emission limit serves as
the emission standard for the engine family with respect to all required
testing.
Freshly manufactured marine engine means a marine engine that has
not been placed into service. An engine becomes freshly manufactured
when it is originally manufactured. See the definition of ``New marine
engine'' for provisions that specify that certain other types of new
engines are treated as freshly manufactured engines.
Foreign vessel means a vessel of foreign registry or a vessel
operated under the authority of a country other than the United States.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering,
and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s),
including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel
lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system
vents.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline, diesel
fuel, residual fuel, or natural gas. There can be multiple grades within
a single fuel type, such as high-sulfur or low-sulfur diesel fuel.
Gas turbine engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In
general, this means anything commercially known as a gas turbine engine.
It does not include external combustion steam engines.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good
engineering judgment.
Green Engine Factor means a factor that is applied to emission
measurements from a Category 2 engine that has had little or no service
accumulation. The Green Engine Factor adjusts emission measurements to
be equivalent to emission measurements from an engine that has had
approximately 300 hours of use.
High-sulfur diesel fuel means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, high-sulfur diesel fuel means a diesel fuel
with a maximum sulfur concentration above 500 parts per million.
(2) For testing, high-sulfur diesel fuel has the meaning given in 40
CFR part 1065.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type, as described in Sec.
1042.101(d) and Sec. 1042.104(a).
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular engine from other similar engines.
Low-hour means relating to an engine that has stabilized emissions
and represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally
involve less than 125 hours of operation for engines below 560 kW and
less than 300 hours for engines at or above 560 kW.
Low-sulfur diesel fuel means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, low-sulfur diesel fuel means a diesel fuel
market as low-sulfur diesel fuel having a maximum sulfur concentration
of 500 parts per million.
(2) For testing, low-sulfur diesel fuel has the meaning given in 40
CFR part 1065.
Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing,
constructing, and assembling an engine or a vessel, or modifying or
operating an

[[Page 337]]

engine or vessel in a way that makes it a new marine engine or new
marine vessel.
Manufacturer means any person who manufactures (see definition of
``manufacture'' in this section) a new engine or vessel or imports such
engines or vessels for resale. All manufacturing entities under the
control of the same person are considered to be a single manufacturer.
(1) This term includes, but is not limited to:
(i) Any person who manufactures an engine or vessel for sale in the
United States or otherwise introduces a new marine engine into U.S.
commerce.
(ii) Importers who import engines or vessels for resale.
(iii) Post-manufacture marinizers.
(iv) Vessel owners/operators that reflag a formerly foreign vessel
as a U.S.-flagged vessel.
(v) Any person who modifies or operates an engine or vessel in a way
that makes it a new marine engine or new marine vessel.
(2) Dealers that do not cause an engine or vessel to become new are
not manufacturers.
Marine engine means a nonroad engine that is installed or intended
to be installed on a marine vessel. This includes a portable auxiliary
marine engine only if its fueling, cooling, or exhaust system is an
integral part of the vessel. A fueling system is considered integral to
the vessel only if one or more essential elements are permanently
affixed to the vessel. There are two kinds of marine engines:
(1) Propulsion marine engine means a marine engine that moves a
vessel through the water or directs the vessel's movement.
(2) Auxiliary marine engine means a marine engine not used for
propulsion.
Marine vessel has the meaning given in 1 U.S.C. 3, except that it
does not include amphibious vehicles. The definition in 1 U.S.C. 3 very
broadly includes every craft capable of being used as a means of
transportation on water.
Maximum engine power has the meaning given in Sec. 1042.140.
Maximum in-use engine speed has the meaning given in Sec. 1042.140.
Maximum test power means the power output observed at the maximum
test speed with the maximum fueling rate possible.
Maximum test speed has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Maximum test torque has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Model year means any of the following:
(1) For freshly manufactured marine engines (see definition of ``new
marine engine,'' paragraph (1)), model year means one of the following:
(i) Calendar year.
(ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different than
the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar year for
which the model year is named. It may not begin before January 2 of the
previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the named
calendar year. For seasonal production periods not including January 1,
model year means the calendar year in which the production occurs,
unless you choose to certify the applicable engine family with the
following model year. For example, if your production period is June 1,
2010 through November 30, 2010, your model year would be 2010 unless you
choose to certify the engine family for model year 2011.
(2) For an engine that is converted to a marine engine after being
certified and placed into service as a motor vehicle engine, a nonroad
engine that is not a marine engine, or a stationary engine, model year
means the calendar year in which the engine was originally produced. For
an engine that is converted to a marine engine after being placed into
service as a motor vehicle engine, a nonroad engine that is not a marine
engine, or a stationary engine without having been certified, model year
means the calendar year in which the engine becomes a new marine engine.
(See definition of ``new marine engine,'' paragraph (2)).
(3) For an uncertified marine engine excluded under Sec. 1042.5
that is later subject to this part 1042 as a result of being installed
in a different vessel, model year means the calendar year in which the
engine was installed in the non-excluded vessel. For a marine engine
excluded under Sec. 1042.5 that is later subject to this part 1042 as a
result of reflagging the vessel, model

[[Page 338]]

year means the calendar year in which the engine was originally
manufactured. For a marine engine that become new under paragraph (7) of
the definition of ``new marine engine,'' model year means the calendar
year in which the engine was originally manufactured. (See definition of
``new marine engine,'' paragraphs (3) and (7)).
(4) For engines that do not meet the definition of ``freshly
manufactured'' but are installed in new vessels, model year means the
calendar year in which the engine is installed in the new vessel. (See
definition of ``new marine engine,'' paragraph (4)).
(5) For remanufactured engines, model year means the calendar year
in which the remanufacture takes place.
(6) For imported engines:
(i) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(i) of the
definition of ``new marine engine,'' model year has the meaning given in
paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition.
(ii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(ii) of the
definition of ``new marine engine,'' model year means the calendar year
in which the engine is remanufactured.
(iii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(iii) of the
definition of ``new marine engine,'' model year means the calendar year
in which the engine is first assembled in its imported configuration,
unless specified otherwise in this part or in 40 CFR part 1068.
(iv) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(iv) of the
definition of ``new marine engine,'' model year means the calendar year
in which the engine is imported.
(7) [Reserved]
(8) For freshly manufactured vessels, model year means the calendar
year in which the keel is laid or the vessel is at a similar stage of
construction. For vessels that become new under paragraph (2) of the
definition of ``new vessel'' (as a result of modifications), model year
means the calendar year in which the modifications physically begin.
Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703(a).
New marine engine means any of the following:
(1) A freshly manufactured marine engine for which the ultimate
purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title. This kind of
engine might commonly be thought of as ``brand new.'' In the case of
this paragraph (1), the engine is new from the time it is produced until
the ultimate purchaser receives the title or the product is placed into
service, whichever comes first.
(2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine, a
nonroad engine that is not a marine engine, or a stationary engine that
is later used or intended to be used as a marine engine. In this case,
the engine is no longer a motor vehicle, nonmarine, or stationary engine
and becomes a ``new marine engine.'' The engine is no longer new when it
is placed into marine service as a marine engine. This paragraph (2)
applies for engines we exclude under Sec. 1042.5, where that engine is
later installed as a marine engine in a vessel that is covered by this
part 1042. For example, this would apply to an engine that is no longer
used in a foreign vessel. An engine converted to a marine engine without
having been certified is treated as a freshly manufactured engine under
this part 1042.
(3) A marine engine that has been previously placed into service in
an application we exclude under Sec. 1042.5, where that engine is
installed in a vessel that is covered by this part 1042. The engine is
new when it first enters U.S. waters on a vessel covered by this part
1042. For example, this would apply to an engine that is no longer used
in a foreign vessel and for engines on a vessel that is reflagged as a
U.S. vessel. Note paragraph (7) of this definition may also apply.
(4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this
definition that is intended to be installed in a new vessel. This
generally includes installation of used engines in new vessels. The
engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title for
the vessel or it is placed into service, whichever comes first. Such an
engine is treated as a freshly manufactured engine under this part 1042,
whether or not it meets the definition of ``freshly manufactured marine
engine.''

[[Page 339]]

(5) A remanufactured marine engine. An engine becomes new when it is
remanufactured (as defined in this section) and ceases to be new when
placed back into service.
(6) An imported marine engine, subject to the following provisions:
(i) An imported marine engine covered by a certificate of conformity
issued under this part that meets the criteria of one or more of
paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition, where the original engine
manufacturer holds the certificate, is new as defined by those
applicable paragraphs.
(ii) An imported remanufactured engine that would have been required
to be certified if it had been remanufactured in the United States.
(iii) An imported engine that will be covered by a certificate of
conformity issued under this part, where someone other than the original
engine manufacturer holds the certificate (such as when the engine is
modified after its initial assembly), is a new marine engine when it is
imported. It is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a
title for the engine or it is placed into service, whichever comes
first.
(iv) An imported marine engine that is not covered by a certificate
of conformity issued under this part at the time of importation is new,
but only if it was produced on or after the dates shown in the following
table. This addresses uncertified engines and vessels initially placed
into service that someone seeks to import into the United States.
Importation of this kind of engine (or vessel containing such an engine)
is generally prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068.

Applicability of Emission Standards for Compression-Ignition Marine Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Initial
Per-cylinder displacement model year
Engine category and type Power (kW) (L/cyl) of emission
standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1............................... P < 19..................... All........................ 2000
Category 1............................... 19 <= P < 37............... All........................ 1999
Category 1, Recreational................. P = 37.......... disp. < 0.9................ 2007
Category 1, Recreational................. All........................ 0.9 <= disp. < 2.5......... 2006
Category 1, Recreational................. All........................ disp. = 2.5..... 2004
Category 1, Commercial................... P = 37.......... disp. < 0.9................ 2005
Category 1, Commercial................... All........................ disp. = 0.9..... 2004
Category 2 and Category 3................ All........................ disp. = 5.0..... 2004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(7) A marine engine that is not covered by a certificate of
conformity issued under this part on a U.S.-flag vessel entering U.S.
waters is new, but only if it was produced on or after the dates
identified in paragraph (6)(iv) of this definition. Such entrance is
deemed to be introduction into U.S. commerce.
New vessel means any of the following:
(1) A vessel for which the ultimate purchaser has never received the
equitable or legal title. The vessel is no longer new when the ultimate
purchaser receives this title or it is placed into service, whichever
comes first.
(2) For vessels with no Category 3 engines, a vessel that has been
modified such that the value of the modifications exceeds 50 percent of
the value of the modified vessel, excluding temporary modifications (as
defined in this section). The value of the modification is the
difference in the assessed value of the vessel before the modification
and the assessed value of the vessel after the modification. The vessel
is no longer new when it is placed into service. Use the following
equation to determine if the fractional value of the modification
exceeds 50 percent:
Percent of value = [(Value after modification)-(Value before
modification)] x 100% / (Value after modification)
(3) For vessels with Category 3 engines, a vessel that has undergone
a modification that substantially alters the dimensions or carrying
capacity of the vessel, changes the type of vessel, or substantially
prolongs the vessel's life.

[[Page 340]]

(4) An imported vessel that has already been placed into service,
where it has an engine not covered by a certificate of conformity issued
under this part at the time of importation that was manufactured after
the requirements of this part start to apply (see Sec. 1042.1).
Noncompliant engine means an engine that was originally covered by a
certificate of conformity but is not in the certified configuration or
otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming engine means an engine not covered by a certificate of
conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
This generally means the difference between the emitted mass of total
hydrocarbons and the emitted mass of methane.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines, or vessels, or equipment
that include nonroad engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general,
this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle engines,
stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used
in aircraft.
NOX Technical Code means the ``Technical Code on Control of Emission
of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines'' adopted by the
International Maritime Organization (incorporated by reference in Sec.
1042.910). The Technical Code is part of 2008 Annex VI.
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data engine on a given duty cycle before the application of any
deterioration factor, but after the applicability of regeneration
adjustment factors.
Operator demand has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared
by the engine manufacturer for the owner or operator to describe
appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other
information related to operating or keeping the engine. The owners
manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of
sale. The owners manual may be in paper or electronic format.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Particulate trap means a filtering device that is designed to
physically trap particulate matter above a certain size.
Passenger means a person that provides payment as a condition of
boarding a vessel. This does not include the owner or any paid crew
members.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose.
Point of first retail sale means the location at which the initial
retail sale occurs. This generally means a vessel dealership or
manufacturing facility, but may also include an engine seller or
distributor in cases where loose engines are sold to the general public
for uses such as replacement engines.
Post-manufacture marinizer means an entity that produces a marine
engine by modifying a non-marine engine, whether certified or
uncertified, complete or partially complete, where the entity is not
controlled by the manufacturer of the base engine or by an entity that
also controls the manufacturer of the base engine. In addition, vessel
manufacturers that substantially modify marine engines are post-
manufacture marinizers. For the purpose of this definition,
``substantially modify'' means changing an engine in a way that could
change engine emission characteristics.
Power density has the meaning given in Sec. 1042.140.
Ramped-modal means relating to the ramped-modal type of steady-state
test described in Sec. 1042.505.
Rated speed means the maximum full-load governed speed for governed
engines and the speed of maximum power for ungoverned engines.
Recreational marine engine means a Category 1 propulsion marine
engine that is intended by the manufacturer to be installed on a
recreational vessel.
Recreational vessel means a vessel that is intended by the vessel
manufacturer to be operated primarily for pleasure or leased, rented or
chartered to another for the latter's pleasure. However, this does not
include the following vessels:
(1) Vessels below 100 gross tons that carry more than 6 passengers.

[[Page 341]]

(2) Vessels at or above 100 gross tons that carry one or more
passengers.
(3) Vessels used solely for competition (see Sec. 1042.620).
Reflag means to register as a U.S. vessel any vessel that previously
had a foreign registry or had been placed into service without
registration.
Remanufacture means to replace every cylinder liner in a commercial
engine with maximum engine power at or above 600 kW, whether during a
single maintenance event or cumulatively within a five-year period. For
the purpose of this definition, ``replace'' includes removing,
inspecting, and requalifying a liner. Rebuilding a recreational engine
or an engine with maximum engine power below 600 kW is not
remanufacturing.
Remanufacture system or remanufacturing system means all components
(or specifications for components) and instructions necessary to
remanufacture an engine in accordance with applicable requirements of
this part 1042.
Remanufacturer has the meaning given to ``manufacturer'' in section
216(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550(1)) with respect to
remanufactured marine engines. This term includes any person that is
engaged in the manufacture or assembly of remanufactured engines, such
as persons who:
(1) Design or produce the emission-related parts used in
remanufacturing.
(2) Install parts in or on an existing engine to remanufacture it.
(3) Own or operate the engine and provide specifications as to how
an engine is to be remanufactured (i.e., specifying who will perform the
work, when the work is to be performed, what parts are to be used, or
how to calibrate the adjustable parameters of the engine).
Residual fuel means any fuel with a T90 greater than 700
[deg]F as measured with the distillation test method specified in 40 CFR
1065.1010. This generally includes all RM grades of marine fuel without
regard to whether they are known commercially as residual fuel. For
example, fuel marketed as intermediate fuel may be residual fuel.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this
means to terminate the certificate or an exemption for an engine family.
Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically
to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing
prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to
correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic
maintenance is not appropriate.
Small-volume boat builder means a boat manufacturer with fewer than
500 employees and with annual worldwide production of fewer than 100
boats. For manufacturers owned by a parent company, these limits apply
to the combined production and number of employees of the parent company
and all its subsidiaries. Manufacturers that produce vessels with
Category 3 engines are not small-volume boat builders.
Small-volume engine manufacturer means a manufacturer of Category 1
and/or Category 2 engines with annual worldwide production of fewer than
1,000 internal combustion engines (marine and nonmarine). For
manufacturers owned by a parent company, the limit applies to the
production of the parent company and all its subsidiaries. Manufacturers
that certify or produce any Category 3 engines are not small-volume
engine manufacturers.
Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Specified adjustable range means a range of adjustment for an
adjustable parameter that is approved as part of certification. Note
that Category 1 engines must comply with emission standards over the
full physically adjustable range for any adjustable parameters.
Steady-state has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.

[[Page 342]]

Sulfur-sensitive technology means an emission control technology
that experiences a significant drop in emission control performance or
emission-system durability when an engine is operated on low-sulfur fuel
(i.e., fuel with a sulfur concentration of 300 to 500 ppm) as compared
to when it is operated on ultra low-sulfur fuel (i.e., fuel with a
sulfur concentration less than 15 ppm). Exhaust-gas recirculation is not
a sulfur-sensitive technology.
Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this
means to temporarily discontinue the certificate or an exemption for an
engine family.
Temporary modification means a modification to a vessel based on a
written contract for marine services such that the modifications will be
removed from the vessel when the contract expires. This provision is
intended to address short-term contracts that would generally be less
than 12 months in duration. You may ask us to consider modifications
that will be in place longer than 12 months as temporary modifications.
Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an engine family for emission testing. This may include
testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
Tier 1 means relating to the Tier 1 emission standards, as shown in
Appendix I.
Tier 2 means relating to the Tier 2 emission standards, as shown in
Sec. 1042.104 and Appendix I.
Tier 3 means relating to the Tier 3 emission standards, as shown in
Sec. 1042.101 and Sec. 1042.104.
Tier 4 means relating to the Tier 4 emission standards, as shown in
Sec. 1042.101.
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the
specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as a
hydrocarbon with an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR
1065.1001. This generally means the sum of the carbon mass contributions
of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic
compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample,
expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled engines. The
atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new vessel or new
marine engine, the first person who in good faith purchases such new
vessel or new marine engine for purposes other than resale.
Ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel means a diesel
fuel marketed as ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel having a maximum sulfur
concentration of 15 parts per million.
(2) For testing, ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel has the meaning given
in 40 CFR part 1065.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Upcoming model year means for an engine family the model year after
the one currently in production.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engine units,
subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for
which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will
be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States.
U.S. waters includes U.S. navigable waters and the U.S. EEZ.
Useful life means the period during which the engine is designed to
properly function in terms of reliability and fuel consumption, without
being remanufactured, specified as a number of hours of operation or
calendar years, whichever comes first. It is the period during which an
engine is required to comply with all applicable emission standards. See
Sec. Sec. 1042.101(e) and 1042.104(d).
Variable-speed engine means an engine that is not a constant-speed
engine.
Vessel means a marine vessel.
Vessel operator means any individual that physically operates or
maintains a vessel or exercises managerial control over the operation of
the vessel.

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Vessel owner means the individual or company that holds legal title
to a vessel.
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this means
to invalidate a certificate or an exemption both retroactively and
prospectively.
Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel fuel or
biodiesel that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor
Pressure higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.

[73 FR FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23010, Apr. 30,
2010]

Sec. 1042.905 Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

ABT Averaging, banking, and trading.
AECD auxiliary-emission control device.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4 methane
CO carbon monoxide.
CO2 carbon dioxide.
cyl cylinder.
disp. displacement.
ECA Emission Control Area.
EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
FEL Family Emission Limit.
g grams.
HC hydrocarbon.
hr hours.
IMO International Maritime Organization.
kPa kilopascals.
kW kilowatts.
L liters.
LTR Limited Testing Region.
N2O nitrous oxide.
NARA National Archives and Records Administration.
NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons.
NOX oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2).
NTE not-to-exceed.
PM particulate matter.
RPM revolutions per minute.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
SCR selective catalytic reduction.
THC total hydrocarbon.
THCE total hydrocarbon equivalent.
ULSD ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel.
U.S.C. United States Code.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56509, Oct. 30, 2009;
75 FR 23012, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.910 Reference materials.

Documents listed in this section have been incorporated by reference
into this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference as prescribed in 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR
part 51. Anyone may inspect copies at the U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102,
EPA West Building, Washington, DC 20460, (202) 566-1744, or at the
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on
the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to:
http://www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--
regulations/ibr--locations.html.
(a) IMO material. This paragraph (a) lists material from the
International Maritime Organization that we have incorporated by
reference. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the
International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1
7SR, United Kingdom, or http://www.imo.org, or 44-(0)20-7735-7611.
(1) Revised MARPOL Annex VI, Regulations for the Prevention of Air
Pollution from Ships, and NOX Technical Code 2008, 2009
edition.
(i) Revised MARPOL Annex VI, Regulations for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships (``2008 Annex VI''); IBR approved for Sec.
1042.901.
(ii) NOX Technical Code 2008 (``NOX Technical
Code''); IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 1042.104(g), 1042.230(d),
1042.302(c) and (e), 1042.501(g), and 1042.901.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) [Reserved]

[75 FR 23012, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1042.915 Confidential information.

[[Page 344]]

will assume it contains nothing confidential whenever we need to release
information from it.
(d) If you send us information without claiming it is confidential,
we may make it available to the public without further notice to you, as
described in 40 CFR 2.204.

Sec. 1042.920 Hearings.

Sec. 1042.925 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping
specified in the applicable regulations. The following items illustrate
the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for engines regulated
under this part:
(a) We specify the following requirements related to engine
certification in this part 1042:
(1) In Sec. 1042.135 we require engine manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels sent to vessel
manufacturers.
(2) In Sec. 1042.145 we state the requirements for interim
provisions.
(3) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of
information required to certify engines.
(4) In Sec. Sec. 1042.345 and 1042.350 we specify certain records
related to production-line testing.
(5) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various special compliance provisions.
(6) In Sec. Sec. 1042.725, 1042.730, and 1042.735 we specify
certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
(7) In subpart I of this part we specify certain records related to
meeting requirements for remanufactured engines.
(b) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1065:
(1) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting
information.
(2) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
(3) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing test
information.
(4) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify data that may be appropriate for
collecting during testing of in-use engines using portable analyzers.
(c) We specify the following requirements related to the general
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
(1) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
(2) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information.
(3) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require vessel manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
(5) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to
rebuilding engines.
(6) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.
(7) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing engines.
(8) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement
audit.
(9) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.

[[Page 345]]

(10) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming engines.

Sec. Appendix I to Part 1042--Summary of Previous Emission Standards

The following standards apply to compression-ignition marine engines
produced before the model years specified in Sec. 1042.1:
(a) Engines below 37 kW. Tier 1 and Tier 2 standards for engines
below 37 kW apply as specified in 40 CFR part 89 and summarized in the
following table:

Table 1 to Appendix I--Emission Standards for Engines Below 37 kW (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rated power (kW) Tier Model year NMHC + NOX CO PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW<8.......................... Tier 1.......... 2000 10.5 8.0 1.0
Tier 2.......... 2005 7.5 8.0 0.80
8<=kW<19...................... Tier 1.......... 2000 9.5 6.6 0.80
Tier 2.......... 2005 7.5 6.6 0.80
19<=kW<37..................... Tier 1.......... 1999 9.5 5.5 0.8
Tier 2.......... 2004 7.5 5.5 0.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Engines at or above 37 kW. Tier 1 and Tier 2 standards for
engines at or above 37 kW apply as specified in 40 CFR part 94 and
summarized as follows:
(1) Tier 1 standards. NOX emissions from model year 2004
and later engines with displacement of 2.5 or more liters per cylinder
may not exceed the following values:
(i) 17.0 g/kW-hr when maximum test speed is less than 130 rpm.
(ii) 45.0 x N^-0.20 when maximum test speed is at or above
130 but below 2000 rpm, where N is the maximum test speed of the engine
in revolutions per minute. Round the calculated standard to the nearest
0.1 g/kW-hr.
(ii) 9.8 g/kW-hr when maximum test speed is 2000 rpm or more.
(2) Tier 2 primary standards. Exhaust emissions from Category 1
engines at or above 37 kW and all Category 2 engines may not exceed the
values shown in the following table:

Table 2 to Appendix I--Primary Tier 2 Emission Standards for Commercial and Recreational Marine Engines at or Above 37 kW (g/kW-hr)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOX + THC g/
Engine size liters/cylinder Maximum engine power Category Model year kW-hr CO g/kW-hr PM g/kW-hr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
disp. < 0.9.............................. power [gteqt]37 kW.......... Category 1 Commercial...... 2005 7.5 5.0 0.40
Category 1 Recreational.... 2007 7.5 5.0 0.40
0.9 <= disp. < 1.2....................... All......................... Category 1 Commercial...... 2004 7.2 5.0 0.30
Category 1 Recreational.... 2006 7.2 5.0 0.30
1.2 <= disp. < 2.5....................... All......................... Category 1 Commercial...... 2004 7.2 5.0 0.20
Category 1 Recreational.... 2006 7.2 5.0 0.20
2.5 <= disp. < 5.0....................... All......................... Category 1 Commercial...... 2007 7.2 5.0 0.20
Category 1 Recreational.... 2009 7.2 5.0 0.20
5.0 <= disp. < 15.0...................... All......................... Category 2................. 2007 7.8 5.0 0.27
15.0 <= disp. < 20.0..................... power < 3300 kW............. Category 2................. 2007 8.7 5.0 0.50
power [gteqt]3300 kW........ Category 2................. 2007 9.8 5.0 0.50
20.0 <= disp. < 25.0..................... All......................... Category 2................. 2007 9.8 5.0 0.50
25.0 <= disp. < 30.0..................... All......................... Category 2................. 2007 11 5.0 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(3) Tier 2 supplemental standards. The not-to-exceed emission
standards specified in 40 CFR 94.8(e) apply for all engines subject to
the Tier 2 standards described in paragraph (b)(2) of this appendix.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23012, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. Appendix II to Part 1042--Steady-State Duty Cycles

(a) The following duty cycles apply as specified in Sec.
1042.505(b)(1):
(1) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent of
E3 mode No. Engine speed \1\ maximum test Weighting
power factors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................. Maximum test speed.. 100 0.2

[[Page 346]]

2................. 91%................. 75 0.5
3................. 80%................. 50 0.15
4................. 63%................. 25 0.15
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065. Percent speed values
are relative to maximum test speed.

(2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode
RMC mode (seconds) Engine speed 1, 3 Power (percent) 2, 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state......................... 229 Maximum test speed........ 100%.
1b Transition........................... 20 Linear transition......... Linear transition in
torque.
2a Steady-state......................... 166 63%....................... 25%.
2b Transition........................... 20 Linear transition......... Linear transition in
torque.
3a Steady-state......................... 570 91%....................... 75%.
3b Transition........................... 20 Linear transition......... Linear transition in
torque.
4a Steady-state......................... 175 80%....................... 50%.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065. Percent speed is relative to maximum test speed.
\2\ The percent power is relative to the maximum test power.
\3\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and
simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting.

(b) The following duty cycles apply as specified in Sec.
1042.505(b)(2):
(1) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent of
E5 mode No. Engine speed \1\ maximum test Weighting
power factors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................. Maximum test speed.. 100 0.08
2................. 91%................. 75 0.13
3................. 80%................. 50 0.17
4................. 63%................. 25 0.32
5................. Warm idle........... 0 0.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065. Percent speed values
are relative to maximum test speed.

(2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode
RMC mode (seconds) Engine speed 1, 3 Power (percent) 2, 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state......................... 167 Warm idle................. 0.
1b Transition........................... 20 Linear transition......... Linear transition in
torque.
2a Steady-state......................... 85 Maximum test speed........ 100%.
2b Transition........................... 20 Linear transition......... Linear transition in
torque.
3a Steady-state......................... 354 63%....................... 25%.
3b Transition........................... 20 Linear transition......... Linear transition in
torque.
4a Steady-state......................... 141 91%....................... 75%.
4b Transition........................... 20 Linear transition......... Linear transition in
torque.
5a Steady-state......................... 182 80%....................... 50%.
5b Transition........................... 20 Linear transition......... Linear transition in
torque.
6 Steady-state.......................... 171 Warm idle................. 0.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065. Percent speed is relative to maximum test speed.
\2\ The percent power is relative to the maximum test power.
\3\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and
simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting.

(c) The following duty cycles apply as specified in Sec.
1042.505(b)(3):
(1) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque Weighting
E2 mode No. Engine speed \1\ (percent) \2\ factors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................. Engine Governed..... 100 0.2
2................. Engine Governed..... 75 0.5
3................. Engine Governed..... 50 0.15

[[Page 347]]

4................. Engine Governed..... 25 0.15
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum test torque as defined
in 40 CFR part 1065.

(2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode
RMC mode (seconds) Engine speed Torque (percent)1 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state...................... 229 Engine Governed........ 100.
1b Transition........................ 20 Engine Governed........ Linear transition.
2a Steady-state...................... 166 Engine Governed........ 25.
2b Transition........................ 20 Engine Governed........ Linear transition.
3a Steady-state...................... 570 Engine Governed........ 75.
3b Transition........................ 20 Engine Governed........ Linear transition.
4a Steady-state...................... 175 Engine Governed........ 50.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum test torque as defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.

[73 FR 37243, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 68461, Nov. 8, 2010]

Sec. Appendix III to Part 1042--Not-to-Exceed Zones

(a) The following definitions apply for this Appendix III:
(1) Percent power means the percentage of the maximum power achieved
at Maximum Test Speed (or at Maximum Test Torque for constant-speed
engines).
(2) Percent speed means the percentage of Maximum Test Speed.
(b) Figure 1 of this Appendix illustrates the default NTE zone for
commercial marine engines certified using the duty cycle specified in
Sec. 1042.505(b)(1), except for variable-speed propulsion marine
engines used with controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically
coupled propellers, as follows:
(1) Subzone 1 is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) Percent power = 0.7 [middot] (percent
speed)^2.5.
(ii) Percent power <= (percent speed/0.9)^3.5.
(iii) Percent power = 3.0 [middot] (100%--percent speed).
(2) Subzone 2 is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) Percent power = 0.7 [middot] (percent
speed)^2.5.
(ii) Percent power <= (percent speed/0.9)^3.5.
(iii) Percent power < 3.0 [middot] (100% - percent speed).
(iv) Percent speed = 70 percent.

[[Page 348]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.013

(c) Figure 2 of this Appendix illustrates the default NTE zone for
recreational marine engines certified using the duty cycle specified in
Sec. 1042.505(b)(2), except for variable-speed marine engines used with
controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers,
as follows:
(1) Subzone 1 is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) Percent power = 0.7 [middot] (percent
speed)^2.5.
(ii) Percent power <= (percent speed/0.9)^3.5.
(iii) Percent power = 3.0 [middot] (100%-percent speed).
(iv) Percent power <= 95 percent.
(2) Subzone 2 is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) Percent power = 0.7 [middot] (percent
speed)^2.5.
(ii) Percent power <= (percent speed/0.9)^3.5.
(iii) Percent power < 3.0 [middot] (100%-percent speed).
(iv) Percent speed = 70 percent.
(3) Subzone 3 is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) Percent power <= (percent speed/0.9)^3.5.
(ii) Percent power 95 percent.

[[Page 349]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.014

(d) Figure 3 of this Appendix illustrates the default NTE zone for
variable-speed marine engines used with controllable-pitch propellers or
with electrically coupled propellers that are certified using the duty
cycle specified in Sec. 1042.505(b)(1), (2), or (3), as follows:
(1) Subzone 1 is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) Percent power = 0.7 [middot] (percent
speed)^2.5.
(ii) Percent power = 3.0 [middot] (100%-percent speed).
(iii) Percent speed = 78.9 percent.
(2) Subzone 2a is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) Percent power = 0.7 [middot] (percent
speed)^2.5.
(ii) Percent speed = 70 percent.
(iii) Percent speed < 78.9 percent, for Percent power
63.3 percent.
(iv) Percent power < 3.0 [middot] (100%-percent speed), for Percent
speed = 78.9 percent.
(3) Subzone 2b is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) The line formed by connecting the following two points on a plot
of speed-vs.-power:
(A) Percent speed = 70 percent; Percent power = 28.7 percent.
(B) Percent speed = 40 percent at governed speed; Percent power = 40
percent.
(ii) Percent power < 0.7 [middot] (percent speed)^2.5.

[[Page 350]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.015

(e) Figure 4 of this Appendix illustrates the default NTE zone for
constant-speed engines certified using a duty cycle specified in Sec.
1042.505(b)(3) or (b)(4), as follows:
(1) Subzone 1 is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) Percent power = 70 percent.
(ii) [Reserved]
(2) Subzone 2 is defined by the following boundaries:
(i) Percent power < 70 percent.
(ii) Percent power = 40 percent.

[[Page 351]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.016

(f) Figure 5 of this Appendix illustrates the default NTE zone for
variable-speed auxiliary marine engines certified using the duty cycle
specified in Sec. 1042.505(b)(5)(ii) or (iii), as follows:
(1) The default NTE zone is defined by the boundaries specified in
40 CFR 86.1370-2007(b)(1) and (2).
(2) A special PM subzone is defined in 40 CFR 1039.515(b).

[[Page 352]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.017

PART 1043_CONTROL OF NOX, SOX, AND PM EMISSIONS FROM MARINE ENGINES AND

VESSELS SUBJECT TO THE MARPOL PROTOCOL--Table of Contents

Sec.
1043.1 Overview.
1043.5 Effective dates.
1043.10 Applicability.
1043.20 Definitions.
1043.30 General obligations.
1043.40 EIAPP certificates.
1043.41 EIAPP certification process.
1043.50 Approval of methods to meet Tier 1 retrofit NOX
standards.
1043.55 Applying equivalent controls instead of complying with fuel
requirements.
1043.60 Operating requirements for engines and vessels subject to this
part.
1043.70 General recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
1043.80 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for fuel suppliers.
1043.90 [Reserved]
1043.95 Interim provisions.
1043.100 Reference materials.

Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1901-1915.

Source: 75 FR 23013, Apr. 30, 2010, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1043.1 Overview.

The Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (APPS) requires engine
manufacturers, owners and operators of vessels, and other persons to
comply with Annex VI of the MARPOL Protocol. This part implements
portions of APPS as it relates to Regulations 13, 14 and 18 of Annex VI.
These regulations clarify the application of some Annex VI provisions;
provide procedures and criteria for the issuance of EIAPP certificates;
and specify requirements applicable to ships that are not registered by
Parties to Annex VI. This part includes provisions to apply the
equivalency provisions of Regulation 4 of Annex VI with respect to
Regulations 14 and 18 of Annex VI. Additional regulations may also apply
with respect to the Annex VI, such as those issued separately by the
U.S. Coast Guard. Note that references in this part to a specific
subsection of an Annex VI regulation (such as Regulation 13.5.1) reflect
the regulation numbering of the 2008 Annex VI (incorporated by reference
in Sec. 1043.100).

[[Page 353]]

(a) The general requirements for non-public U.S.-flagged and other
Party vessels are specified in Annex VI, as implemented by 33 U.S.C.
1901-1915. These requirements apply to engine manufacturers, owners and
operators of vessels, and other persons.
(b) The provisions of this part specify how Regulations 13, 14 and
18 of Annex VI, as implemented by APPS, will be applied to U.S.-flagged
vessels that operate only domestically.
(c) This part implements section 33 U.S.C. 1902(e) by specifying
that non-public vessels flagged by a country that is not a party to
Annex VI are subject to certain provisions under this part that are
equivalent to the substantive requirements of Regulations 13, 14 and 18
of Annex VI as implemented by APPS.
(d) This part also describes where the requirements of Regulation
13.5.1 of Annex VI and Regulation 14.4 of Annex VI will apply.
(e) This part 1043 does not limit the requirements specified in
Annex VI, as implemented by APPS, except as specified in Sec.
1043.10(a)(2) and (b)(3).
(f) Nothing in this part limits the operating requirements and
restrictions applicable for engines and vessels subject to 40 CFR part
1042 or the requirements and restrictions applicable for fuels subject
to 40 CFR part 80.
(g) The provisions of this part specify how to obtain EIAPP
certificates and certificates for Approved Methods.

Sec. 1043.5 Effective dates.

(a) The requirement of APPS for marine vessels to comply with Annex
VI of the MARPOL Protocol is in effect.
(b) The amendments to Annex VI adopted on October 8, 2008 enter into
force July 1, 2010. The requirement of APPS for marine vessels to comply
with the amended Annex VI is effective July 1, 2010, although some
requirements do not become applicable until later dates.
(c) Compliance with the applicable regulations of this part is
required for all persons as of July 1, 2010. (Note that certain
requirements begin later, as described in paragraph (d) of this
section.) Note also that compliance with Sec. Sec. 1043.40 and 1043.41
is required to obtain EIAPP certificates under this part whether the
application is submitted before July 1, 2010 or later.
(d) Compliance with the requirements related to ECAs are effective
as follows:
(1) Compliance with the ECA NOX requirements (see Sec.
1043.60(a)) is required beginning on the date on which the ECA enters
into force for the United States under Annex VI.
(2) Compliance with the fuel content requirements applicable within
ECAs and ECA associated areas (see Sec. 1043.60(b)) is required
beginning 12 months after date on which the ECA enters into force for
the United States under Annex VI.

Sec. 1043.10 Applicability.

(a) U.S.-flagged vessels. The provisions of this part apply for all
U.S.-flagged vessels wherever they are located (including engines
installed or intended to be installed on such vessels), except as
specified in this paragraph (a) or in Sec. 1043.95.
(1) Public vessels are excluded from this part.
(2) Vessels that operate only domestically and conform to the
requirements of this paragraph (a)(2) are excluded from Regulation 13 of
Annex VI (including the requirement to obtain an EIAPP certificate) and
the NOX-related requirements of this part. For the purpose of
this exclusion, the phrase ``operate only domestically'' means the
vessels do not enter waters subject to the jurisdiction or control of
any foreign country, except for Canadian portions of the Great Lakes.
(See Sec. Sec. 1043.60 and 1043.70 for provisions related to fuel use
by such vessels). To be excluded, the vessel must conform to each of the
following provisions:
(i) All compression-ignition engines on the vessel must conform
fully to all applicable provisions of 40 CFR parts 94 and 1042.
(ii) The vessel may not contain any engines with a specific engine
displacement at or above 30.0 liters per cylinder.
(iii) Any engine installed in the vessel that is not covered by an
EIAPP must be labeled as specified in 40 CFR 1042.135 with respect to
whether it meets the requirements of Regulation 13 of Annex VI.

[[Page 354]]

(b) Foreign-flagged vessels. The provisions of this part apply for
all non-public foreign-flagged vessels (including engines installed on
such vessels) as follows:
(1) The requirements of this part apply for foreign-flagged vessels
operating in U.S. navigable waters or the U.S. EEZ.
(2) For non-public vessels flagged by a country that is not a party
to Annex VI, the requirements of this part apply in the same manner as
apply for Party vessels, except as otherwise provided in this part. For
example, see Sec. 1043.30(b)(3) for provisions related to showing
compliance with this requirement without an EIAPP certificate. See Sec.
1043.60 for specific operating requirements.
(3) Canadian vessels that operate only within the Great Lakes and
are subject to an alternative NOX control measure established
by the Canadian government are excluded from the NOX-related
requirements of this part.
(c) Fuel suppliers. The provisions of Sec. 1043.80 apply for all
persons supplying fuel to any vessel subject to this part.
(d) Sea bed mineral exploration. This part does not apply to
emissions directly arising from the exploration, exploitation, and
associated offshore processing of sea-bed mineral resources. Note that
other regulations apply with respect to these emissions in certain
circumstances, and that engines that are not solely dedicated to such
activities are otherwise subject to all requirements of this part.

Sec. 1043.20 Definitions.

The following definitions apply to this part:
2008 Annex VI means Annex VI to the MARPOL Protocol, including
amendments adopted in October 2008. The 2008 Annex VI is incorporated by
reference in Sec. 1043.100. Note that this version of Annex VI does not
include any amendments that may be adopted in the future. This 2008
version applies for certain provisions of this part such as those
applicable for internal waters and for non-Party vessels.
Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency.
Annex VI means Annex VI of the MARPOL Protocol.
APPS means the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (33 U.S.C. 1901-
1915).
Designated Certification Officer means the EPA official to whom the
Administrator has delegated authority to issue EIAPP certificates. Note
that the Designated Certification Officer is also delegated certain
authorities under this part in addition to the authority to issue EIAPP
certificates.
ECA associated area means the U.S. internal waters that are
navigable from the ECA. This term does not include internal waters that
are shoreward of ocean waters that are not part of an emission control
area.
EIAPP certificate means a certificate issued to certify initial
compliance with Regulation 13 of Annex VI. (Note that EIAPP stands for
Engine International Air Pollution Prevention under Annex VI.)
Emission control area (ECA) means an area designated pursuant to
Annex VI as an Emission Control Area that:
(1) Is in force; and
(2) Includes waters of the U.S. territorial sea and/or EEZ.
Engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
EPA means the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Foreign-flagged vessel means a vessel of foreign registry or a
vessel operated under the authority of a country other than the United
States.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
We will evaluate engineering judgments as described in 40 CFR 1068.5.
Great Lakes means all the streams, rivers, lakes, and other bodies
of water that are within the drainage basin of the St. Lawrence River,
west of Anticosti Island.
IMO means the International Maritime Organization.
Major conversion has the meaning given in 2008 Annex VI
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1043.100).
MARPOL Protocol has the meaning given in 33 U.S.C. 1901.
Navigable waters has the meaning given in 33 U.S.C. 1901.
Non-Party vessel means a vessel flagged by a country that is not a
party to Annex VI.

[[Page 355]]

NOX Technical Code means the ``Technical Code on Control of Emission
of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines'' adopted by IMO
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1043.100). The Technical Code is
part of 2008 Annex VI.
Operator has the meaning given in 33 U.S.C. 1901.
Owner has the meaning given in 33 U.S.C. 1901.
Party vessel means a vessel flying the flag of, registered in, or
operating under the authority of a country that is a party to Annex VI.
Person has the meaning given in 33 U.S.C. 1901.
Public vessels means warships, naval auxiliary vessels, and other
vessels owned or operated by a sovereign country when engaged in
noncommercial service.
Secretary has the meaning given in 33 U.S.C. 1901.
U.S. EEZ means the Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States, as
defined in Presidential Proclamation 5030 of March 10, 1983.
U.S.-flagged vessel means a vessel of U.S. registry or a vessel
operated under the authority of the United States.
Vessel has the meaning given to ``ship'' in APPS.
We means EPA.

Sec. 1043.30 General obligations.

(a) 33 U.S.C. 1907 prohibits any person from violating any
provisions of the MARPOL Protocol, whether or not they are a
manufacturer, owner or operator. For manufacturers, owners and operators
of vessels subject to this part, it is the responsibility of such
manufacturers, owners and operators to ensure that all employees and
other agents operating on their behalf comply with these requirements.
(b) Manufacturers of engines to be installed on U.S. vessels subject
to this part must obtain an EIAPP certificate for an engine prior to it
being installed in a vessel.
(c) Engines with power output of more than 130 kW that are listed in
this paragraph (c) must be covered by a valid EIAPP certificate,
certifying the engine meets the applicable emission standards of Annex
VI, unless the engine is excluded under Sec. 1043.10 or paragraph (d)
of this section. An EIAPP certificate is valid for a given engine only
if it certifies compliance with the tier of standards applicable to that
engine and the vessel into which it is being installed (or a later
tier). Note that none of the requirements of this paragraph (c) are
limited to new engines.
(1) Engines meeting any of the following criteria must be covered by
a valid EIAPP certificate:
(i) Engines installed (or intended to be installed) on vessels that
were constructed on or after January 1, 2000. This includes engines that
met the definition of ``new marine engine'' in 40 CFR 1042.901 at any
time on or after January 1, 2000, unless such engines are installed on
vessels that were constructed before January 1, 2000.
(ii) Engines that undergo a major conversion on or after January 1,
2000, unless the engines have been exempt from this requirement under
paragraph (e) of this section.
(2) For such engines intended to be installed on U.S.-flagged
vessels, the engine may not be introduced into U.S. commerce before it
is covered by a valid EIAPP certificate, except as allowed by this
paragraph (c)(2).
(i) This paragraph (c)(2) does not apply for engines installed on
vessels excluded under this part 1043.
(ii) Engines without a valid EIAPP certificate (because they are
intended for domestic use only) may be introduced into U.S. commerce,
but may not be installed on vessels that do not meet the requirements of
Sec. 1043.10(a)(2).
(iii) Engines that have been temporarily exempted by EPA under 40
CFR part 1042 or part 1068 may be introduced into U.S. commerce without
a valid EIAPP certificate to the same extent they are allowed to be
introduced into U.S. commerce without a valid part 1042 certificate of
conformity, however, this allowance does not affect whether the engine
must ultimately be covered by an EIAPP certificate. Unless otherwise
excluded or exempted under this part 1043, the engine must be covered by
an EIAPP certificate before being placed into service. For example,
engines allowed to be temporarily distributed in an uncertified
configuration under 40 CFR 1068.260 would not be

[[Page 356]]

required to be covered by an EIAPP certificate while it is covered by
the temporary exemption under 40 CFR 1068.260; however, it would be
required to be covered by an EIAPP certificate before being placed into
service.
(iv) All uninstalled marine engines within the United States are
presumed to be intended to be installed on a U.S.-flagged vessel, unless
there is clear and convincing evidence to the contrary.
(3) For engines installed on Party vessels, the engine may not
operate in the U.S. navigable waters or the U.S. exclusive economic
zone, or other areas designated under 33 U.S.C. 1902(a)(5)(B)(iii),
(C)(iii), or (D)(iv) unless it is covered by a valid EIAPP certificate.
(4) Engines installed on non-Party vessels are not required to have
EIAPP certificates, but the operator must have evidence of conformity
with Regulation 13 of Annex VI issued by either the government of a
country that is party to Annex VI or a recognized classification
society. For the purposes of this paragraph, ``recognized classification
society'' means a classification society that is a participating member
of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS).
(d) In addition to the engines excluded under Sec. 1043.10, the
following engines are excluded from the requirement to have an EIAPP
certificate (or equivalent demonstration of compliance in the case of
non-Party vessels) or otherwise meet the requirements of Regulation 13
of Annex VI.
(1) Spark-ignition engines.
(2) Non-reciprocating engines.
(3) Engines that do not use liquid fuel.
(4) Engines intended to be used solely for emergencies. This
includes engines that power equipment such as pumps that are intended to
be used solely for emergencies and engines installed in lifeboats
intended to be used solely for emergencies. It does not include engines
to be used for both emergency and non-emergency purposes.
(e) The following requirements apply to Party vessels, including
U.S.-flagged vessels:
(1) The requirements specified in Annex VI apply for vessels subject
to this part for operation in U.S. navigable waters or the U.S. EEZ.
(See Sec. 1043.60 for a summary of the standards included in these
requirements.)
(2) Vessels operating in an ECA must also comply with the
requirements of Annex VI applicable to operation in an ECA.
(3) Vessels operating in waters of an ECA associated area must also
comply with the requirements in Sec. 1043.60.
(f) The following requirements apply to non-Party vessels:
(1) Non-Party vessels operating in U.S. navigable waters or the U.S.
EEZ must comply with the operating and recordkeeping requirements of the
2008 Annex VI (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1043.100) related to
Regulations 13, 14 and 18 of the 2008 Annex VI. This paragraph (f)(1)
does not address requirements of other portions of Annex VI.
(2) Non-Party vessels operating in an ECA or ECA associated area
must also comply with the requirements in Sec. 1043.60.
(g) A replacement engine may be exempted by EPA from Regulation 13
of Annex VI and the NOX-related requirements of this part if
it is identical to the engine being replaced and the old engine was not
subject to Regulation 13 of Annex VI. Send requests for such exemptions
to the Designated Certification Officer.
(h) Compliance with the provisions of this part 1043 does not affect
your responsibilities under 40 CFR part 1042 for engines subject to that
part 1042.

Sec. 1043.40 EIAPP certificates.

(a) Engine manufacturers seeking EIAPP certificates for new engines
to be used in U.S.-flagged vessels must apply to EPA for an EIAPP
certificate in compliance with the requirements of this section (which
references 40 CFR part 1042). Note that under APPS engine manufacturers
must comply with the applicable requirements of Regulation 13 of Annex
VI to obtain a certificate. Note also that only the Administrator or the
EPA official designated by the Administrator may issue EIAPP
certificates on behalf of the U.S. Government.
(b) Persons other than engine manufacturers may apply for and obtain
EIAPP certificates for new engines to

[[Page 357]]

be used in U.S.-flagged vessels by complying with the requirements of
this section (which references 40 CFR part 1042) and the applicable
requirements of Regulation 13 of Annex VI.
(c) In appropriate circumstances, EPA may issue an EIAPP certificate
under this section for non-new engines or engines for vessels that will
not initially be flagged in the U.S.
(d) The process for obtaining an EIAPP certificate is described in
Sec. 1043.41. That section references regulations in 40 CFR part 1042,
which apply under the Clean Air Act. References in that part to
certificates of conformity are deemed to mean EIAPP certificates.
References in that part to the Clean Air Act as the applicable statute
are deemed to mean 33 U.S.C. 1901-1915.
(e) For engines that undergo a major conversion or for engines
installed on imported vessels that become subject to the requirements of
this part, we may specify alternate certification provisions consistent
with the intent of this part.
(f) This paragraph (f) applies for engines that were originally
excluded from this part because they were intended for domestic use and
were introduced into U.S. commerce without an EIAPP certificate. Note
that such engines must be labeled as specified under 40 CFR 1042.135 to
indicate that they are intended for domestic use. Such engines may be
installed on vessels not intended only for domestic operation provided
the engine manufacturer, vessel manufacturer, or vessel owner obtains an
EIAPP certificate. Similarly, vessels originally intended only for
domestic operation may be used internationally provided the engine
manufacturer, vessel manufacturer, or vessel owner obtains an EIAPP
certificate. In either case, the Technical File must specify that the
engine was originally certified for domestic use only, prior to being
covered by an EIAPP certificate. Engine manufacturers may provide a
supplemental label to clarify that the engine is no longer limited to
domestic service. An engine manufacturer, vessel manufacturer, or vessel
owner may also ask to apply the provisions of this paragraph to engines
originally certified for public vessels.

Sec. 1043.41 EIAPP certification process.

This section describes the process for obtaining the EIAPP
certificate required by Sec. 1043.40.
(a) You must send the Designated Certification Officer a separate
application for an EIAPP certificate for each engine family. An EIAPP
certificate is valid starting with the indicated effective date and is
valid for any production until such time as the design of the engine
family changes or more stringent emission standards become applicable,
whichever comes first. You may obtain preliminary approval of portions
of the application under 40 CFR 1042.210.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part. It must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see 40 CFR 1042.255). Include the information specified in
40 CFR 1042.205 except as follows:
(1) You must include the dates on which the test engines were built
and the locations where the test engines were built.
(2) Include a copy of documentation required by this part related to
maintenance and in-use compliance for operators, such as the Technical
File and onboard NOX verification procedures as specified by
the NOX Technical Code (incorporated by reference in Sec.
1043.100).
(3) You are not required to provide information specified in 40 CFR
1042.205 regarding useful life, emission labels, deterioration factors,
PM emissions, or not-to-exceed standards.
(4) You must include a copy of your warranty instructions, but are
not required to describe how you will meet warranty obligations.
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this section as long as you maintain all the information required by
paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.
(f) See 40 CFR 1042.255 for provisions describing how we will
process your application.

[[Page 358]]

(g) Your application, including the Technical File and onboard
NOX verification procedures, is subject to amendment as
described in 40 CFR 1042.225.
(h) Perform emission tests as follows:
(1) Select an emission-data engine from each engine family for
testing. For engines at or above 560 kW, you may use a development
engine that is equivalent in design to the engine being certified. For
Category 3 engines, you may use a single-cylinder version of the engine.
Using good engineering judgment, select the engine configuration most
likely to exceed an applicable emission standard, considering all
exhaust emission constituents and the range of installation options
available to vessel manufacturers.
(2) Test your emission-data engines using the procedures and
equipment specified in 40 CFR part 1042, subpart F, or in the
NOX Technical Code (incorporated by reference in Sec.
1043.100). We may require that your test be witnessed by an EPA
official.
(3) We may measure emissions from any of your test engines or other
engines from the engine family, as follows:
(i) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. You must deliver the test engine to any test facility we
designate. The test engine you provide must include appropriate
manifolds, aftertreatment devices, electronic control units, and other
emission-related components not normally attached directly to the engine
block. If we do the testing at your plant, you must schedule it as soon
as possible and make available the instruments, personnel, and equipment
we need.
(ii) If we measure emissions from one of your test engines, the
results of that testing become the official emission results for the
engine. Unless we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to
consider your data in determining if your engine family meets applicable
requirements.
(iii) Before we test one of your engines, we may set its adjustable
parameters to any point within the specified adjustable ranges (see 40
CFR 1042.115(d)).
(iv) Before we test one of your engines, we may calibrate it within
normal production tolerances for anything we do not consider an
adjustable parameter.
(4) We may require you to test a second engine of the same or
different configuration in addition to the engine tested under paragraph
(b) of this section.
(5) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures otherwise required by this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.
(i) Collect emission data using measurements to one more decimal
place than the applicable standard, then round the value to the same
number of decimal places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded
emission levels to the emission standard for each emission-data engine.
(j) Your engine family is considered in compliance with the emission
standards in Regulation 13 of Annex VI if all emission-data engines
representing that family have test results showing emission levels at or
below these standards. Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any
emission-data engine representing that family has test results showing
an emission level above an applicable emission standard for any
pollutant.
(k) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
engines meet all the requirements of this part, we will issue an EIAPP
certificate for your engines. We may make the approval subject to
additional conditions.

Sec. 1043.50 Approval of methods to meet Tier 1 retrofit NOX standards.

Regulation 13 of Annex VI provides for certification of Approved
Methods, which are retrofit procedures that enable Pre-Tier 1 engines to
meet the Tier 1 NOX standard of regulation 13 of Annex VI.
Any person may request approval of such a method by submitting an
application for certification of an Approve Method to the Designated
Certification Officer. If we determine that your application conforms to
the requirements of Regulation 13 of Annex

[[Page 359]]

VI, we will issue a certificate and notify IMO that your Approved Method
has been certified.

Sec. 1043.55 Applying equivalent controls instead of complying with fuel

requirements.

Regulation 4 of Annex VI allows Administrations to approve the use
of fuels not meeting the requirements of Regulation 14 of the Annex,
provided the vessel applies a method that results in equivalent emission
reductions. This section describes provisions related to applying this
allowance.
(a) Any person may request approval of such equivalent methods for
controlling emissions on U.S.-flagged vessels by submitting an
application for certification of an equivalent control method to the
Designated Certification Officer. If we determine that your control
method achieves emission levels equivalent to those achieved by the use
of fuels meeting the requirements of Regulation 14 of Annex VI, we will
issue a certificate and notify IMO that your method has been certified.
(b) The provisions of this paragraph (b) apply for vessels equipped
with controls certified by the Administration of a foreign flag vessel
to achieve emission levels equivalent to those achieved by the use of
fuels meeting the applicable fuel sulfur limits of Regulation 14 of
Annex VI. Fuels not meeting the applicable fuel sulfur limits of
Regulation 14 of Annex VI may be used on such vessels consistent with
the provisions of the IAPP certificate, APPS and Annex VI.
(c) Compliance with the requirements of this section does not affect
the applicability of requirements or prohibitions specified by other
statutes or regulations with respect to water pollution.

Sec. 1043.60 Operating requirements for engines and vessels subject to this

part.

This section specifies the operating requirements of this part. Note
that it does not limit the operating requirements of APPS or Annex VI
that are applicable to U.S.-flagged vessels outside of U.S. domestic
waters.
(a) Except as specified otherwise in this part, NOX
emission limits apply to all vessels subject to this part as specified
in the following table:

Table 1 to Sec. 1043.60 Annex VI NOX Emission Standards (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum in-use engine speed
Area of -------------------------------------------
Tier applicability Model year Less than Over 2000
130 RPM 130-2000 RPM\a\ RPM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tier 1....................... All U.S. navigable 2004-2010...... 17.0 45.0[middot]n(- 9.8
waters and EEZ. 0.20)
Tier 2....................... All U.S. navigable 2011-2015...... 14.4 44.0[middot]n(- 7.7
waters and EEZ. 0.23)
Tier 2....................... All U.S. navigable 2016 and later. 14.4 44.0[middot]n(- 7.7
waters and EEZ, 0.23)
exluding ECA and
ECA associated
areas.
Tier 3....................... ECA and ECA 2016 and later. 3.4 9.0[middot]n(- 2.0
associated areas. 0.20)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Applicable standards are calculated from n (maximum in-use engine speed, in RPM, as specified in Sec.
1042.140). Round the standards to one decimal place.

(b) Except as specified otherwise in this part, fuel sulfur limits
apply to all vessels subject to this part as specified in the following
table:

Table 2 to Sec. 1043.60 Annex VI Fuel Sulfur Limits
[wt %]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur limit in all Sulfur limit in ECA and
Calendar years U.S. navigable waters ECA associated areas
and EEZ (percent) (percent)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2010-2011..................................................... 4.50 1.00
2012-2015..................................................... 3.50 1.00
2016-2019..................................................... 3.50 0.10
2020 and later................................................ 0.50 0.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 360]]

(c) Operators of non-Party vessels must comply with the requirements
of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section as well as other operating
requirements and restrictions specified in 2008 Annex VI (incorporated
by reference in Sec. 1043.100) related to Regulations 13, 14, and 18.
(d) This paragraph (d) applies for vessels that are excluded from
Regulation 13 of Annex VI and the NOX-related requirements of
this part under Sec. 1043.10(a)(2) or (b)(3) because they operate only
domestically. Where the vessels operate using only fuels meeting the
specifications of 40 CFR part 80 for distillate fuel, they are deemed to
be in full compliance with the fuel use requirements and prohibitions of
this part and of Regulations 14 and 18 of Annex VI.
(e) Except as noted in paragraph (d) of this section, nothing in
this section limits the operating requirements and restrictions of Annex
VI, as implemented by APPS, for Party vessels, including U.S.-flagged
vessels. Note also that nothing in this part limits the operating
requirements and restrictions applicable for engines and vessels subject
to 40 CFR part 1042 or the requirements and restrictions applicable for
fuels subject to 40 CFR part 80.
(f) We may exempt historic steamships from the fuel requirements of
this part for operation in U.S. internal waters. Send requests for
exemptions to the Designated Certification Officer.

Sec. 1043.70 General recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

(a) Under APPS, owners and operators of Party vessels must keep
records related to NOX standards and in-use fuel
specifications such as the Technical File, the Engine Book of Record
Parameters, and bunker delivery notes. Owners and operators of non-Party
vessels must keep these records as specified in the NOX
Technical Code and Regulations 13, 14, and 18 of Annex VI (incorporated
by reference in Sec. 1043.100). We may inspect these records as allowed
by APPS. As part of our inspection, we may require that the owner submit
copies of these records to us.
(b) Nothing in this part limits recordkeeping and reporting the
Secretary may require, nor does it preclude the Secretary from providing
copies of any records to EPA.
(c) Nothing in this part limits the recordkeeping and reporting
requirements applicable with respect to engines and vessels subject to
40 CFR part 1042 or with respect to fuels subject to 40 CFR part 80.
(d) This paragraph (d) applies for vessels that are excluded from
Regulation 13 of Annex VI and the NOX-related requirements of
this part under Sec. 1043.10(a)(2) or (b)(3) because they operate only
domestically. Where the vessel operator has fuel receipts (or equivalent
records) for the preceding three years showing it operated using only
fuels meeting the specifications of 40 CFR part 80 for distillate fuel,
they are deemed to be in full compliance with the fuel recordkeeping
requirements and prohibitions of this part and Annex VI.

Sec. 1043.80 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for fuel suppliers.

Under APPS, fuel suppliers must provide bunker delivery notes to
vessel operators for any fuel for an engine on any vessel identified in
paragraph (a) of this section. Fuel suppliers must also keep copies of
these records.
(a) The requirements of this section apply for fuel delivered to any
of the following vessels:
(1) Vessels of 400 gross tonnage and above engaged in voyages to
ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties.
(2) Platforms and drilling rigs engaged in voyages to waters under
the sovereignty or jurisdiction of other Parties.
(b) Except as allowed by paragraph (c) of this section, the bunker
delivery note must contain the following:
(1) The name and IMO number of the receiving vessel.
(2) Port (or other description of the location, if the delivery does
not take place at a port).
(3) Date the fuel is delivered to the vessel (or date on which the
delivery begins where the delivery begins on one day and ends on a later
day).
(4) Name, address, and telephone number of fuel supplier.
(5) Fuel type and designation under 40 CFR part 80.

[[Page 361]]

(6) Quantity in metric tons.
(7) Density at 15 [deg]C, in kg/m\3\.
(8) Sulfur content in weight percent.
(9) A signed statement by an authorized representative of fuel
supplier certifying that the fuel supplied conforms to Regulations 14
and 18 of Annex VI consistent with it designation, intended use, and the
date on which it is to be used. For example, with respect to conformity
to Regulation 14 of Annex VI, a fuel designated and intended for use in
an ECA any time between July 1, 2010 and January 1, 2015 may not have a
sulfur content above 1.00 weight percent. This statement is not required
where the vessel conforms to the requirements of Sec. 1043.55.
(c) You may measure density and sulfur content according to the
specifications of Annex VI, or according to other equivalent methods
that we approve. Where the density and/or sulfur content of the
delivered fuel cannot be measured, we may allow the use of alternate
methods to specify the density and/or sulfur content of the fuel. For
example, where fuel is supplied from multiple tanks on a supply vessel,
we may allow the density and sulfur content of the fuel to be calculated
as a weighted average of the measured densities and sulfur contents of
the fuel that is supplied from each tank.

Sec. 1043.90 [Reserved]

Sec. 1043.95 Interim provisions.

The interim provisions of this section apply for vessels operating
exclusively in the Great Lakes.
(a) Notwithstanding other provisions of this part, the requirements
of this part do not apply for vessels propelled by steam turbine engines
or reciprocating steam engines (also known as steamships), provided they
were propelled by steam engines and operated within the Great Lakes
before October 30, 2009 and continue to operate exclusively within the
Great Lakes.
(b) The fuel-use requirements of this part do not apply through
December 31, 2025, for a ship qualifying under paragraph (a) of this
section if it was in service as a steamship on October 30, 2009 and it
is repowered with one or more marine diesel engines, subject to the
following conditions and requirements:
(1) Engines must meet exhaust emission standards using one of the
following approaches:
(i) All the installed replacement engines must be certified to
applicable standards under 40 CFR part 1042 based on the date the vessel
enters dry dock for service.
(ii) We may approve the use of an engine meeting less stringent
standards if the owner can demonstrate that it took possession of the
engine before October 30, 2009, and that engine is a new engine that has
not been installed in a non-marine application. Such an engine must at a
minimum be certified to the Annex VI NOX emission standard in
Sec. 1043.60 that applies based on its build date.
(2) The vessel owner must notify us regarding the intent to use this
provision. The notification must include a description of the vessel and
a summary of the project, including the expected timeline, and other
relevant information.
(3) The vessel owner must notify the Designated Certification
Officer when the project is complete. We will send the owner a statement
that the repowered ship is exempt from fuel sulfur requirements through
December 31, 2025; this statement must be kept onboard the vessel for
compliance purposes.
(4) All other requirements under this part 1043 continue to apply,
including requirements related to bunker delivery notes.
(5) This paragraph (b) applies only for vessels whose hull remains
intact through the repowering process. For example, if a steamship is
converted to a barge for use with tugboats, those vessels must use fuel
meeting the requirements of this part 1043.
(c) In cases of serious economic hardship, we may exempt Great Lakes
vessels from the otherwise applicable fuel use requirements under this
part.
(1) To be eligible, you must demonstrate that all of the following
are true:
(i) Unusual circumstances exist that impose serious economic
hardship and significantly affect your ability to comply.

[[Page 362]]

(ii) You have taken all reasonable steps to minimize the extent of
the nonconformity.
(iii) No other allowances are available under the regulations in
this chapter to avoid the impending violation.
(2) Send the Designated Certification Officer a written request for
an exemption no later than January 1, 2014.
(3) Applicants must provide, at a minimum, the following
information:
(i) Detailed description of existing contract freight rates, the
additional operating costs attributed to complying with the regulations,
any loan covenants or other requirements regarding vessel financial
instruments or agreements.
(ii) Bond rating of entity that owns the vessels in question (in the
case of joint ventures, include the bond rating of the joint venture
entity and the bond ratings of all partners; in the case of
corporations, include the bond ratings of any parent or subsidiary
corporations).
(iii) Estimated capital investment needed to comply with the
requirements of this part by the applicable date.
(4) In determining whether to grant the exemptions, we will consider
all relevant factors, including the following:
(i) The number of vessels to be exempted.
(ii) The size of your company and your ability to endure the
hardship.
(iii) The length of time a vessel is expected to remain out of
compliance with this part.
(iv) The ability of an individual vessel to recover capital
investments incurred to repower or otherwise modify a vessel to reduce
air emissions.
(5) In addition to the application requirements of paragraphs (b)(1)
through (4) of this section, your application for temporary relief under
this paragraph (b) must also include a compliance plan that shows the
period over which the waiver is needed.
(6) We may impose conditions on the waiver, including conditions to
limit or recover any environmental loss.
(d) Prior to January 1, 2015, it is not a violation of this part for
vessels operating exclusively in the Great Lakes to use a residual fuel
not meeting the sulfur limits of Regulation 14.4.2 of Annex VI, where
the operator bunkers with the lowest sulfur marine residual fuel that
was available within the port area where the vessel bunkered the fuel.
For purposes of this paragraph (c), port area means the geographic
limits of the port as specified by the Army Corps of Engineers. The
reporting and recordkeeping requirements of this part continue to apply
for such operation. In addition, if you operate using a residual fuel
not meeting the sulfur limits of Regulation 14.4.2 under this paragraph
(c), you must send a report to the Designated Certification Officer that
identifies the fuel that was used and documents how you determined that
no compliant fuel was available. You must send this report within three
months after the fueling event.

[75 FR 23013, Apr. 30, 2010, as amended at 77 FR 2478, Jan. 18, 2012]

Sec. 1043.100 Reference materials.

[[Page 363]]

from Ships (``2008 Annex VI''); IBR approved for Sec. 1043.1, 1043.20,
1043.30(f), and 1043.60(c), and 1043.70(a).
(ii) NOX Technical Code 2008 (``NOX Technical
Code''); IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 1043.20, 1043.41(b) and (h), and
1043.70(a).
(2) [Reserved]
(b) [Reserved]

PART 1045_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION MARINE ENGINES

AND VESSELS--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec.
1045.1 Does this part apply for my products?
1045.2 Who is responsible for compliance?
1045.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?
1045.10 How is this part organized?
1045.15 Do any other CFR parts apply to me?
1045.20 What requirements apply to my vessels?
1045.25 How do the requirements related to evaporative emissions apply
to engines and their fuel systems?
1045.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1045.101 What exhaust emission standards and requirements must my
engines meet?
1045.103 What exhaust emission standards must my outboard and personal
watercraft engines meet?
1045.105 What exhaust emission standards must my sterndrive/inboard
engines meet?
1045.107 What are the not-to-exceed emission standards?
1045.110 How must my engines diagnose malfunctions?
1045.112 What are the standards for evaporative emissions?
1045.115 What other requirements apply?
1045.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?
1045.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?
1045.130 What installation instructions must I give to vessel
manufacturers?
1045.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce?
1045.140 What is my engine's maximum engine power?
1045.145 Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited
time?

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

1045.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate
of conformity?
1045.205 What must I include in my application?
1045.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my
application?
1045.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?
1045.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new
or modified engines or change an FEL?
1045.230 How do I select engine families?
1045.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a
certificate of conformity?
1045.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with
exhaust emission standards?
1045.245 How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust
durability testing?
1045.250 What records must I keep and what reports must I send to EPA?
1045.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?

Subpart D_Testing Production-Line Engines

1045.301 When must I test my production-line engines?
1045.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line engines?
1045.310 How must I select engines for production-line testing?
1045.315 How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line
testing requirements?
1045.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails to meet
emission standards?
1045.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line
testing requirements?
1045.330 May I sell engines from an engine family with a suspended
certificate of conformity?
1045.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?
1045.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how
may I sell these engines again?
1045.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?
1045.350 What records must I keep?

Subpart E_In-Use Testing

1045.401 What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone
into service?
1045.405 How does this program work?
1045.410 How must I select, prepare, and test my in-use engines?
1045.415 What happens if in-use engines do not meet requirements?
1045.420 What in-use testing information must I report to EPA?

[[Page 364]]

1045.425 What records must I keep?

Subpart F_Test Procedures

1045.501 How do I run a valid emission test?
1045.505 How do I test engines using discrete-mode or ramped-modal duty
cycles?
1045.515 What are the test procedures related to not-to-exceed
standards?
1045.520 What testing must I perform to establish deterioration factors?

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

1045.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines?
1045.605 What provisions apply to engines already certified under the
motor vehicle or Large SI programs?
1045.610 What provisions apply to using engines already certified to
Small SI emission standards?
1045.620 What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for
competition?
1045.625 What requirements apply under the Diurnal Transition Program?
1045.630 What is the personal-use exemption.
1045.635 What special provisions apply for small-volume engine
manufacturers?
1045.640 What special provisions apply to branded engines?
1045.645 What special provisions apply for converting an engine to use
an alternate fuel?
1045.650 Do delegated-assembly provisions apply for marine engines?
1045.655 What special provisions apply for installing and removing
altitude kits?
1045.660 How do I certify outboard or personal watercraft engines for
use in jet boats?

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

1045.701 General provisions.
1045.705 How do I generate and calculate exhaust emission credits?
1045.706 How do I generate and calculate evaporative emission credits?
1045.710 How do I average emission credits?
1045.715 How do I bank emission credits?
1045.720 How do I trade emission credits?
1045.725 What must I include in my application for certification?
1045.730 What ABT reports must I send to EPA?
1045.735 What records must I keep?
1045.745 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this
subpart?

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1045.801 What definitions apply to this part?
1045.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?
1045.810 What materials does this part reference?
1045.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?
1045.820 How do I request a hearing?
1045.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this
part?

Appendix I to Part 1045--Summary of Previous Emission Standards
Appendix II to Part 1045--Duty Cycles for Propulsion Marine Engines

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1045.1 Does this part apply for my products?

(a) Except as provided in Sec. 1045.5, the regulations in this part
1045 apply as follows:
(1) The requirements of this part related to exhaust emissions apply
to new, spark-ignition propulsion marine engines beginning with the 2010
model year.
(2) The requirements of this part related to evaporative emissions
apply to fuel lines and fuel tanks used with marine engines that use a
volatile liquid fuel (such as gasoline) as specified in 40 CFR part
1045.112. This includes fuel lines and fuel tanks used with auxiliary
marine engines. This also includes portable marine fuel tanks and
associated fuel lines.
(b) We specify optional standards for certifying sterndrive/inboard
engines before the 2010 model year in Sec. 1045.145(a). Engines
certified to these standards are subject to all the requirements of this
part as if these optional standards were mandatory.
(c) See 40 CFR part 91 for requirements that apply to outboard and
personal watercraft engines not yet subject to the requirements of this
part 1045.
(d) The provisions of Sec. Sec. 1045.620 and 1045.801 apply for new
engines used solely for competition beginning January 1, 2010.

[[Page 365]]

Sec. 1045.2 Who is responsible for compliance?

The requirements and prohibitions of this part apply to
manufacturers of engines and fuel-system components as described in
Sec. 1045.1. The requirements of this part are generally addressed to
manufacturers subject to this part's requirements. The term ``you''
generally means the certifying manufacturer. For provisions related to
exhaust emissions, this generally means the engine manufacturer,
especially for issues related to certification (including production-
line testing, reporting, etc.). For provisions related to certification
with respect to evaporative emissions, this generally means the vessel
manufacturer. Vessel manufacturers must meet applicable requirements as
described in Sec. 1045.20. Engine manufacturers must meet requirements
related to evaporative emissions as described in Sec. 1045.25.

Sec. 1045.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?

(a) Auxiliary engines. The exhaust emission standards of this part
do not apply to auxiliary marine engines. See 40 CFR part 90, 1048, or
1054 for the exhaust emission standards that apply. Evaporative emission
standards apply as specified in Sec. 1045.112.
(b) Hobby engines and vessels. This part does not apply with respect
to reduced-scale models of vessels that are not capable of transporting
a person.
(c) Large natural gas engines. Propulsion marine engines powered by
natural gas with maximum engine power at or above 250 kW are deemed to
be compression-ignition engines. These engines are therefore subject to
all the requirements of 40 CFR part 1042 instead of this part even if
they would otherwise meet the definition of ``spark-ignition'' in Sec.
1045.801.

Sec. 1045.10 How is this part organized?

This part 1045 is divided into the following subparts:
(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of this part
1045 and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify engines under this part
1045. Note that Sec. 1045.145 discusses certain interim requirements
and compliance provisions that apply only for a limited time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity.
(d) Subpart D of this part describes general provisions for testing
production-line engines.
(e) Subpart E of this part describes general provisions for testing
in-use engines.
(f) Subpart F of this part describes how to test your engines
(including references to other parts of the Code of Federal
Regulations).
(g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, and other provisions that apply to engine
manufacturers, vessel manufacturers, owners, operators, rebuilders, and
all others.
(h) Subpart H of this part describes how you may generate and use
exhaust and evaporative emission credits to certify your engines and
vessels.
(i) Subpart I of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

Sec. 1045.15 Do any other CFR parts apply to me?

[[Page 366]]

(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for engine manufacturers, vessel
manufacturers, and others.
(2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.
(3) Exclusions and exemptions for certain engines.
(4) Importing engines.
(5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(6) Defect reporting and recall.
(7) Procedures for hearings.
(d) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part
1045.

Sec. 1045.20 What requirements apply to my vessels?

(a) If you manufacture vessels with engines certified to the exhaust
emission standards in this part, your vessels must meet all emission
standards with the engine and fuel system installed.
(b) You may need to certify your vessels or fuel systems as
described in 40 CFR 1060.1 and 1060.601. If you produce vessels subject
to this part without obtaining a certificate, you must still meet the
requirements of 40 CFR 1060.101(e) and (f) and keep records as described
in 40 CFR 1060.210.
(c) You must identify and label vessels you produce under this
section consistent with the requirements of Sec. 1045.135 and 40 CFR
part 1060.
(d) You must follow all emission-related installation instructions
from the certifying manufacturers as described in Sec. 1045.130 and 40
CFR 1068.105. If you do not follow the installation instructions, we may
consider your vessel to be not covered by the certificates of
conformity. Introduction of such vessels into U.S. commerce violates 40
CFR 1068.101.

Sec. 1045.25 How do the requirements related to evaporative emissions apply

to engines and their fuel systems?

(a) Engine manufacturers must provide the installation instructions
required by Sec. 1045.130 to the ultimate purchasers of the engine.
These instructions may be combined with the maintenance instructions
required by Sec. 1045.125.
(b) Engines sold with attached fuel lines or installed fuel tanks
must be covered by the appropriate certificates of conformity issued
under 40 CFR part 1060.
(c) Fuel lines intended to be used with new engines and new portable
marine fuel tanks must be certified to the applicable requirements of 40
CFR part 1060. Similarly, fuel tanks intended to be used with new
enignes must be certified to the applicable requirements of 40 CFR part
1060.
(d) All persons installing engines certified under this part 1045
must follow the certifying manufacturer's emission-related installation
instructions (see Sec. 1045.130 and 40 CFR 1068.105).

Sec. 1045.30 Submission of information.

(a) This part includes various requirements to record data or other
information. Refer to Sec. 1045.825 and 40 CFR 1068.25 regarding
recordkeeping requirements. If recordkeeping requirements are not
specified, store these records in any format and on any media and keep
them readily available for one year after you send an associated
application for certification, or one year after you generate the data
if they do not support an application for certification. You must
promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask for
them. We may review them at any time.
(b) The regulations in Sec. 1045.255 and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. This includes
information not related to certification.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1045.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a
certificate holder.

[[Page 367]]

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1045.101 What exhaust emission standards and requirements must my

engines meet?

(a) You must show that your engines meet the following requirements:
(1) Outboard and personal watercraft engines must meet the exhaust
emission standards specified in Sec. 1045.103.
(2) Sterndrive/inboard engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards specified in Sec. 1045.105. You may optionally meet these
standards earlier than we require, as specified in Sec. 1045.145(b).
(3) Sterndrive/inboard engines must meet the engine-diagnostic
requirements in Sec. 1045.110.
(4) All engines must meet the requirements in Sec. 1045.115.
(b) It is important that you read Sec. 1045.145 to determine if
there are other interim requirements or interim compliance provisions
that apply for a limited time.

Sec. 1045.103 What exhaust emission standards must my outboard and personal

watercraft engines meet?

(a) Duty-cycle emission standards. Starting in the 2010 model year,
exhaust emissions from your outboard and personal watercraft engines may
not exceed emission standards as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the applicable steady-state test
procedures described in subpart F of this part.
(2) The exhaust emission standards from the following table apply:

Table 1 to Sec. 1045.103--Emission Standards for Outboard and Personal Watercraft Engines (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pollutant Power \1\ Emission standard
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HC + NOX............................. P <= 4.3 kW............ 30.0
P 4.3 kW... 2.1 + 0.09 x (151 + 557/P\0.9\)
CO................................... P <= 40 kW............. 500 - 5.0 x P
P 40 kW.... 300
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Power (P) = maximum engine power for the engine family, in kilowatts (kW).

(3) For engines whose standard depends on maximum engine power,
round the calculated HC+NOX emission standard to the nearest
0.1 g/kW-hr; round the calculated CO emission standard to the nearest g/
kW-hr. Determine maximum engine power for the engine family as described
in Sec. 1045.140.
(b) Averaging, banking, and trading. You may generate or use
emission credits under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program
described in subpart H of this part for demonstrating compliance with
HC+NOX emission standards. For CO emissions, you may generate
or use emission credits for averaging as described in subpart H of this
part, but such credits may not be banked or traded. To generate or use
emission credits, you must specify a family emission limit for each
pollutant you include in the ABT program for each engine family. These
family emission limits serve as the emission standards for the engine
family with respect to all required testing instead of the standards
specified in this section. An engine family meets emission standards
even if its family emission limit is higher than the standard, as long
as you show that the whole averaging set of applicable engine families
meets the emission standards using emission credits and the engines
within the family meet the family emission limit. The following FEL caps
apply:
(1) For engines with maximum engine power at or below 4.3 kW, the
maximum value of the family emission limit for HC+NOX is 81.0
g/kW-hr. For all other engines, the maximum value of the family emission
limit for HC+NOX is defined by the following formula, with
results rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/kW-hr:

[[Page 368]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.088

(2) For engines with maximum engine power above 40 kW, the maximum
value of the family emission limit for CO is 450 g/kW-hr. For all other
engines, the maximum value is defined by the following formula, with
results rounded to the nearest g/kW-hr:

FELmax,CO = 650 - 5.0 x P
(c) Not-to-exceed emission standards. Exhaust emissions may not
exceed the not-to-exceed standards specified in Sec. 1045.107.
(d) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply
for engines using the fuel type on which the engines in the engine
family are designed to operate. You must meet the numerical emission
standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on the following types
of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the following fuels:
(1) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions.
(2) Natural gas-fueled engines: NMHC emissions.
(3) Other engines: THC emissions.
(e) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section over the full
useful life as follows:
(1) For outboard engines, the minimum useful life is 350 hours of
engine operation or 10 years, whichever comes first.
(2) For personal watercraft engines, the minimum useful life is 350
hours of engine operation or 5 years, whichever comes first.
(3) You must specify a longer useful life in terms of hours for the
engine family if the average service life of your vehicles is longer
than the minimum value, as follows:
(i) Except as allowed by paragraph (e)(3)(ii) of this section, your
useful life (in hours) may not be less than either of the following:
(A) Your projected operating life from advertisements or other
marketing materials for any engines in the engine family.
(B) Your basic mechanical warranty for any engines in the engine
family.
(ii) Your useful life may be based on the average service life of
vehicles in the engine family if you show that the average service life
is less than the useful life required by paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this
section, but more than the minimum useful life (350 hours of engine
operation). In determining the actual average service life of vehicles
in an engine family, we will consider all available information and
analyses. Survey data is allowed but not required to make this showing.
(f) Applicability for testing. The duty-cycle emission standards in
this subpart apply to all testing performed according to the procedures
in Sec. 1045.505, including certification, production-line, and in-use
testing. The not-to-exceed standards apply for all testing performed
according to the procedures of subpart F of this part.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23019, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.105 What exhaust emission standards must my sterndrive/inboard

engines meet?

(a) Duty-cycle emission standards. Starting in the 2010 model year,
exhaust emissions from your sterndrive/inboard engines may not exceed
emission standards as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the applicable steady-state test
procedures described in subpart F of this part.
(2) For conventional sterndrive/inboard engines, the
HC+NOX emission standard is 5.0 g/kW-hr and the CO emission
standard is 75.0 g/kW-hr.
(3) The exhaust emission standards from the following table apply
for high-performance engines:

Table 1 to Sec. 1045.105--Emission Standards for High-Performance
Engines (g/kW-hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Model year Power \1\ HC+NOX CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2010............................ P<= 485 kW...... 20.0 350
P 485 25.0 350
kW.

[[Page 369]]

2011+........................... P<= 485 kW...... 16.0 350
P 485 22.0 350
kW.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Power (P) = maximum engine power in kilowatts (kW).

(b) Averaging, banking, and trading. You may not generate or use
emission credits for high-performance engines. You may generate or use
emission credits under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program
described in subpart H of this part for demonstrating compliance with
HC+NOX and CO emission standards for conventional sterndrive-
inboard engines. To generate or use emission credits, you must specify a
family emission limit for each pollutant you include in the ABT program
for each engine family. These family emission limits serve as the
emission standards for the engine family with respect to all required
testing instead of the standards specified in this section. An engine
family meets emission standards even if its family emission limit is
higher than the standard, as long as you show that the whole averaging
set of applicable engine families meets the emission standards using
emission credits and the engines within the family meet the family
emission limit. Family emission limits for conventional sterndrive/
inboard engines may not be higher than 16.0 g/kW-hr for
HC+NOX and 150 g/kW-hr for CO except as specified in Sec.
1045.145(c).
(c) Not-to-exceed emission standards. Exhaust emissions may not
exceed the not-to-exceed standards specified in Sec. 1045.107 for
conventional sterndrive/inboard engines. These standards do not apply
for high-performance engines.
(d) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply
for engines using the fuel type on which the engines in the engine
family are designed to operate. You must meet the numerical emission
standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on the following types
of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the following fuels:
(1) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions.
(2) Natural gas-fueled engines: NMHC emissions.
(3) Other engines: THC emissions.
(e) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section over their full
useful life, as follows:
(1) For high-performance engines with maximum engine power above 485
kW, the useful life is 50 hours of operation or 1 year, whichever comes
first. For high-performance engines with maximum engine power at or
below 485 kW, the useful life is 150 hours of operation or 3 years,
whichever comes first.
(2) For conventional sterndrive/inboard engines, the minimum useful
life is 480 hours of operation or ten years, whichever comes first.
However, you may request in your application for certification that we
approve a shorter useful life for an engine family. We may approve a
shorter useful life, in hours of engine operation but not in years, if
we determine that these engines will rarely operate longer than the
shorter useful life. If engines identical to those in the engine family
have already been produced and are in use, your demonstration must
include documentation from such in-use engines. In other cases, your
demonstration must include an engineering analysis of information
equivalent to such in-use data, such as data from research engines or
similar engine models that are already in production. Your demonstration
must also include any overhaul interval that you recommend, any
mechanical warranty that you offer for the engine or its components, and
any relevant customer design specifications. Your demonstration may
include any other relevant information. The useful life value may not be
shorter than any of the following:
(i) 150 hours of operation.
(ii) Your recommended overhaul interval.
(iii) Your mechanical warranty for the engine.
(3) You must specify a longer useful life for conventional
sterndrive/inboard engines in terms of hours if the average service life
of engines from the engine family is longer than the minimum useful life
value, as follows:

[[Page 370]]

(i) Except as allowed by paragraph (e)(3)(ii) of this section, your
useful life (in hours) may not be less than either of the following:
(A) Your projected operating life from advertisements or other
marketing materials for any engines in the engine family.
(B) Your basic mechanical warranty for any engines in the engine
family.
(ii) Your useful life may be based on the average service life of
engines in the engine family if you show that the average service life
is less than the useful life required by paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this
section, but more than the minimum useful life (480 hours of engine
operation). In determining the actual average service life of engines in
an engine family, we will consider all available information and
analyses. Survey data is allowed but not required to make this showing.
(f) Applicability for testing. The duty-cycle emission standards in
this section apply to all testing performed according to the procedures
in Sec. 1045.505, including certification, production-line, and in-use
testing. The not-to-exceed standards apply for all testing performed
according to the procedures of subpart F of this part.

Sec. 1045.107 What are the not-to-exceed emission standards?

Not-to-exceed emission standards apply as follows:
(a) Measure emissions using the not-to-exceed procedures in subpart
F of this part:
(b) Determine the not-to-exceed standard, rounded to the same number
of decimal places as the emission standard in Table 1 to this section
from the following equation:
Not-to-exceed standard = (STD) x (M)

Where:

STD = The standard specified in paragraph (a) of this section if you
certify without using ABT for that pollutant; or the FEL for that
pollutant if you certify using ABT.
M = The NTE multiplier for that pollutant, as defined in paragraphs (c)
through (e) of this section.

(c) For engines equipped with a catalyst, use NTE multipliers from
the following table across the applicable zone specified in Sec.
1045.515:

Table 1 to Sec. 1045.107--NTE Multipliers for Catalyst-Equipped
Engines
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pollutant Subzone 1 Subzone 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
HC+NOX.......................................... 1.50 1.00
CO.............................................. N/A 1.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) For two-stroke engines not equipped with a catalyst, use an NTE
multiplier of 1.2 for HC+NOX and CO. Compare the weighted
value specified in Sec. 1045.515(c)(5) to the NTE standards specified
in paragraph (b) of this section.
(e) For engines not covered by paragraphs (c) and (d) of this
section, use the NTE multipliers from the following table across the
applicable zone specified in Sec. 1045.515:

Table 2 to Sec. 1045.107--NTE Multipliers for Four-Stroke Engines
without Catalysts
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pollutant Subzone 1 Subzone 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
HC+NOX.......................................... 1.40 1.60
CO.............................................. 1.50 1.50
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 1045.110 How must my engines diagnose malfunctions?

[[Page 371]]

fully satisfy the requirements of this section.
(b) Use a malfunction indicator. The malfunction indicator must be
designed such that the operator can readily see or hear it; visible
signals may be any color except red. Visible malfunction indicators must
display ``Check Engine,'' ``Service Engine Soon,'' or a similar message
that we approve. The malfunction indicator must go on under each of the
following circumstances:
(1) When a malfunction occurs, as described in paragraph (a) of this
section.
(2) When the diagnostic system cannot send signals to meet the
requirement of paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(3) When the engine's ignition is in the ``key-on'' position before
starting or cranking. The malfunction indicator should turn off after
engine starting if the system detects no malfunction.
(c) Control when the malfunction can turn off. If the malfunction
indicator goes on to show a malfunction, it must remain on during all
later engine operation until servicing corrects the malfunction. If the
engine is not serviced, but the malfunction does not recur for three
consecutive engine starts during which the malfunctioning system is
evaluated and found to be working properly, the malfunction indicator
may stay off during later engine operation.
(d) Store trouble codes in computer memory. Record and store in
computer memory any diagnostic trouble codes showing a malfunction that
should activate the malfunction indicator. The stored codes must
identify the malfunctioning system or component as uniquely as possible.
Make these codes available through the data link connector as described
in paragraph (g) of this section. You may store codes for conditions
that do not activate the malfunction indicator. The system must store a
separate code to show when the diagnostic system is disabled (from
malfunction or tampering).
(e) Make data, access codes, and devices accessible. Make all
required data accessible to us without any access codes or devices that
only you can supply. Ensure that anyone servicing your engine can read
and understand the diagnostic trouble codes stored in the onboard
computer with generic tools and information.
(f) Consider exceptions for certain conditions. Your diagnostic
systems may disregard trouble codes for the first three minutes after
engine starting. You may ask us to approve diagnostic-system designs
that disregard trouble codes under other conditions that would produce
an unreliable reading, damage systems or components, or cause other
safety risks.
(g) Follow standard references for formats, codes, and connections.
Follow conventions defined in SAE J1939-05 (incorporated by reference in
Sec. 1045.810) or ask us to approve using updated versions of (or
variations from) this standard.

Sec. 1045.112 What are the standards for evaporative emissions?

Fuel systems must meet the evaporative emission requirements of 40
CFR part 1060 as specified in this section. These standards apply over a
useful life period of five years for personal watercraft and ten years
for all other vessels and for portable marine fuel tanks.
(a) Fuel line permeation. Nonmetal fuel lines must meet the
permeation requirements specified in 40 CFR 1060.102 for EPA NRFL fuel
lines as described in this paragraph (a).
(1) Except as specified in paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) of this
section, the emission standard for fuel lines starts for vessels or
portable marine fuel tanks with a date of manufacture on or after
January 1, 2009.
(2) The emission standard for primer bulbs applies starting January
1, 2011.
(3) The emission standard for under-cowl fuel lines used with
outboard engines apply over a phase-in period as specified in this
paragraph (a)(3).
(i) Except as specified in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of this section, the
phase-in period is based on total length of fuel lines as specified in
Table 1 to this section. For example, at least 30 percent of the length
of under-cowl fuel lines used on your full lineup of 2010 model year
outboard engines must meet the specified permeation standards. See Sec.
1045.145(k) for administrative requirements related to this phase-in.

[[Page 372]]

Table 1 to Sec. 1045.112--phase-in Schedule for Under-Cowl Fuel Lines
on Outboard Engines
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percentage
Model year phase-in
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2010....................................................... 30
2011....................................................... 60
2012-2014.................................................. 90
2015+...................................................... 100
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) You may instead meet the permeation standards of this paragraph
(a) by complying with the specified standards with 100 percent of your
under-cowl fuel lines across your full lineup of 2011 model year
outboard engines. In this case, the requirements of this part would not
apply to under-cowl fuel lines before the 2011 model year. To use this
option, you must notify the Designated Compliance Officer before
December 31, 2009 of your intent to meet permeation standards on all
your under-cowl fuel lines in the 2011 model year.
(b) Tank permeation. Fuel tanks must meet the permeation
requirements specified in 40 CFR 1060.103. Portable marine fuel tanks
must meet permeation standards starting January 1, 2011. Fuel tanks for
personal watercraft must meet permeation standards starting in the 2011
model year. Other installed fuel tanks must meet permeation standards
starting in the 2012 model year. Vessel manufacturers may generate or
use emission credits to show compliance with the requirements of this
paragraph under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program, as
described in subpart H of this part. Starting in the 2014 model year for
personal watercraft and in the 2015 model year for other installed fuel
tanks, family emission limits may not exceed 5.0 g/m\2\/day if testing
occurs at a nominal temperature of 28 [deg]C, or 8.3 g/m\2\/day if
testing occurs at a nominal temperature of 40 [deg]C. These FEL caps do
not apply to fuel caps that are certified separately to meet permeation
standards. Portable marine fuel tank manufacturers may not generate or
use emission credits under subpart H of this part.
(c) Running loss. The running loss requirements specified in 40 CFR
part 1060 do not apply.
(d) Diurnal emissions. Installed fuel tanks must meet the diurnal
emission requirements specified in 40 CFR 1060.105. Fuel tanks for
personal watercraft must meet diurnal emission standards starting in the
2010 model year. Other installed fuel tanks must meet diurnal emission
standards for vessels produced on or after July 31, 2011, except as
allowed by Sec. 1045.625. Fuel tanks meeting the definition of portable
marine fuel tank in Sec. 1045.801 must comply with the diurnal
requirements specified in 40 CFR part 1060 starting January 1, 2010.
(e) Other requirements. The requirements of 40 CFR 1060.101(e) and
(f) apply to vessel manufacturers even if they do not obtain a
certificate.
(f) Engine manufacturers. To the extent that engine manufacturers
produce engines with fuel lines or fuel tanks, those fuel-system
components must meet the requirements specified in this section. The
timing of new standards is based on the date of manufacture of the
engine.

Sec. 1045.115 What other requirements apply?

[[Page 373]]

all information broadcast by an engine's on-board computers and
electronic control modules. If you broadcast a surrogate parameter for
torque values, you must provide us what we need to convert these into
torque units. We will not ask for hardware or tools if they are readily
available commercially.
(d) Altitude adjustments. Engines must meet applicable emission
standards for valid tests conducted under the ambient conditions
specified in 40 CFR 1065.520. Engines must meet applicable emission
standards at all specified atmospheric pressures, except that for
atmospheric pressures below 94.0 kPa you may rely on an altitude kit for
all testing if you meet the requirements specified in Sec. 1054.205(s).
If your rely on an altitude kit for certification, you must identify in
the owners manual the altitude range for which you expect proper engine
performance and emission control with and without the altitude kit; you
must also state in the owners manual that operating the engine with the
wrong engine configuration at a given altitude may increase its
emissions and decrease fuel efficiency and performance.
(e) Adjustable parameters. Engines that have adjustable parameters
must meet all the requirements of this part for any adjustment in the
physically adjustable range. An operating parameter is not considered
adjustable if you permanently seal it or if it is not normally
accessible using ordinary tools. We may require that you set adjustable
parameters to any specification within the adjustable range during any
testing, including certification testing, production-line testing, or
in-use testing.
(f) Prohibited controls. You may not design your engines with
emission-control devices, systems, or elements of design that cause or
contribute to an unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety
while operating. For example, this would apply if the engine emits a
noxious or toxic substance it would otherwise not emit that contributes
to such an unreasonable risk.
(g) Defeat devices. You may not equip your engines with a defeat
device. A defeat device is an auxiliary emission control device that
reduces the effectiveness of emission controls under conditions that the
engine may reasonably be expected to encounter during normal operation
and use. This does not apply for altitude kits installed or removed
consistent with Sec. 1045.655. This also does not apply to auxiliary
emission control devices you identify in your application for
certification if any of the following is true:
(1) The conditions of concern were substantially included in the
applicable duty-cycle test procedures described in subpart F of this
part.
(2) You show your design is necessary to prevent engine (or vessel)
damage or accidents. For example, you may design your engine to include
emergency operating modes (sometimes known as limp-home operation) that
would allow a vessel to return to land in the event of a malfunction
even if such operating modes result in higher emissions.
(3) The reduced effectiveness applies only to starting the engine.

Sec. 1045.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?

[[Page 374]]

(1) The minimum warranty period for outboard engines is 175 hours of
engine operation or 5 years, whichever comes first. The minimum warranty
period for personal watercraft engines is 175 hours of engine operation
or 30 months, whichever comes first.
(2) The minimum warranty period for sterndrive/inboard engines is
shown in the following table:

Table 1 to Sec. 1045.120--Warranty Periods for Sterndrive/Inboard
Engines \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electronic
Engine type components Mechanical components
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conventional................. 3 years/480 3 years/480 hours.
hours.
High-performance with maximum 3 years/480 3 years/150 hours.
engine power at or below 485 hours.
kW.
High-performance with maximum 3 years/480 1 year/50 hours.
engine power above 485 kW. hours.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The warranty period expires after the specified time period or
number of operating hours, whichever comes first.

(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all
components whose failure would increase an engine's emissions of any
regulated pollutant, including components listed in 40 CFR part 1068,
Appendix I, and components from any other system you develop to control
emissions. The emission-related warranty covers these components even if
another company produces the component. Your emission-related warranty
does not cover components whose failure would not increase an engine's
emissions of any regulated pollutant.
(d) Limited applicability. You may deny warranty claims under this
section if the operator caused the problem through improper maintenance
or use, as described in 40 CFR 1068.115.
(e) Owners manual. Describe in the owners manual the emission-
related warranty provisions from this section that apply to the engine.

Sec. 1045.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

Give the ultimate purchaser of each new engine written instructions
for properly maintaining and using the engine, including the emission
control system as described in this section. The maintenance
instructions also apply to service accumulation on your emission-data
engines as described in Sec. 1045.245 and in 40 CFR part 1065.
(a) Critical emission-related maintenance. Critical emission-related
maintenance includes any adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of
critical emission-related components. This may also include additional
emission-related maintenance that you determine is critical if we
approve it in advance. You may schedule critical emission-related
maintenance on these components if you meet the following conditions:
(1) You demonstrate that the maintenance is reasonably likely to be
done at the recommended intervals on in-use engines. We will accept
scheduled maintenance as reasonably likely to occur if you satisfy any
of the following conditions:
(i) You present data showing that any lack of maintenance that
increases emissions also unacceptably degrades the engine's performance.
(ii) You present survey data showing that at least 80 percent of
engines in the field get the maintenance you specify at the recommended
intervals.
(iii) You provide the maintenance free of charge and clearly say so
in your maintenance instructions.
(iv) You otherwise show us that the maintenance is reasonably likely
to be done at the recommended intervals.
(2) You may not schedule critical emission-related maintenance
within the useful life period for aftertreatment devices, pulse-air
valves, fuel injectors, oxygen sensors, electronic control units,
superchargers, or turbochargers, except as specified in paragraph
(a)(3), (b), or (c) of this section.
(3) You may ask us to approve a maintenance interval shorter than
that specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. In your request you
must describe the proposed maintenance step, recommend the maximum
feasible interval for this maintenance, include your rationale with
supporting evidence to

[[Page 375]]

support the need for the maintenance at the recommended interval, and
demonstrate that the maintenance will be done at the recommended
interval on in-use engines. In considering your request, we will
evaluate the information you provide and any other available information
to establish alternate specifications for maintenance intervals, if
appropriate.
(b) Recommended additional maintenance. You may recommend any
additional amount of maintenance on the components listed in paragraph
(a) of this section, as long as you state clearly that these maintenance
steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related warranty valid. If
operators do the maintenance specified in paragraph (a) of this section,
but not the recommended additional maintenance, this does not allow you
to disqualify those engines from in-use testing or deny a warranty
claim. Do not take these maintenance steps during service accumulation
on your emission-data engines.
(c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance
to address problems related to special situations, such as atypical
engine operation. You must clearly state that this additional
maintenance is associated with the special situation you are addressing.
We may disapprove your maintenance instructions if we determine that you
have specified special maintenance steps to address engine operation
that is not atypical, or that the maintenance is unlikely to occur in
use. If we determine that certain maintenance items do not qualify as
special maintenance under this paragraph (c), you may identify this as
recommended additional maintenance under paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Noncritical emission-related maintenance. Subject to the
provisions of this paragraph (d), you may schedule any amount of
emission-related inspection or maintenance that is not covered by
paragraph (a) of this section (i.e., maintenance that is neither
explicitly identified as critical emission-related maintenance, nor that
we approve as critical emission-related maintenance). Noncritical
emission-related maintenance generally includes changing spark plugs,
re-seating valves, or any other emission-related maintenance on the
components we specify in 40 CFR part 1068, Appendix I that is not
covered in paragraph (a) of this section. You must state in the owners
manual that these steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related
warranty valid. If operators fail to do this maintenance, this does not
allow you to disqualify those engines from in-use testing or deny a
warranty claim. Do not take these inspection or maintenance steps during
service accumulation on your emission-data engines.
(e) Maintenance that is not emission-related. For maintenance
unrelated to emission controls, you may schedule any amount of
inspection or maintenance. You may also take these inspection or
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data
engines, as long as they are reasonable and technologically necessary.
This might include adding engine oil, changing air, fuel, or oil
filters, servicing engine-cooling systems, and adjusting idle speed,
governor, engine bolt torque, valve lash, or injector lash. You may
perform this nonemission-related maintenance on emission-data engines at
the least frequent intervals that you recommend to the ultimate
purchaser (but not the intervals recommended for severe service).
(f) Source of parts and repairs. State clearly on the first page of
your written maintenance instructions that a repair shop or person of
the owner's choosing may maintain, replace, or repair emission control
devices and systems. Your instructions may not require components or
service identified by brand, trade, or corporate name. Also, do not
directly or indirectly condition your warranty on a requirement that the
engine be serviced by your franchised dealers or any other service
establishments with which you have a commercial relationship. You may
disregard the requirements in this paragraph (f) if you do one of two
things:
(1) Provide a component or service without charge under the purchase
agreement.
(2) Get us to waive this prohibition in the public's interest by
convincing us the engine will work properly only with the identified
component or service.

[[Page 376]]

(g) Payment for scheduled maintenance. Owners are responsible for
properly maintaining their engines. This generally includes paying for
scheduled maintenance. However, manufacturers must pay for scheduled
maintenance during the useful life if it meets all the following
criteria:
(1) Each affected component was not in general use on similar
engines before the applicable dates shown in paragraph (5) of the
definition of new propulsion marine engine in Sec. 1045.801.
(2) The primary function of each affected component is to reduce
emissions.
(3) The cost of the scheduled maintenance is more than 2 percent of
the price of the engine.
(4) Failure to perform the maintenance would not cause clear
problems that would significantly degrade the engine's performance.
(h) Owners manual. Explain the owner's responsibility for proper
maintenance in the owners manual.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23019, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.130 What installation instructions must I give to vessel

manufacturers?

(a) If you sell an engine for someone else to install in a vessel,
give the engine installer instructions for installing it consistent with
the requirements of this part. Include all information necessary to
ensure that an engine will be installed in its certified configuration.
(b) Make sure the instructions have the following information:
(1) Include the heading: ``Emission-related installation
instructions''.
(2) State: ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing a
certified engine in a vessel violates federal law (40 CFR 1068.105(b)),
subject to fines or other penalties as described in the Clean Air Act.''
(3) Describe the instructions needed to properly install the exhaust
system and any other components. Include instructions consistent with
the requirements of Sec. 1045.205(u) related to in-use measurement and
the requirements of Sec. 1045.655 related to altitude kits.
(4) Describe the steps needed to control evaporative emissions as
described in Sec. 1045.112. This will generally require notification
that the installer and/or vessel manufacturer must meet the requirements
of Sec. 1045.112 and 40 CFR part 1060.
(5) Describe any necessary steps for installing the diagnostic
system described in Sec. 1045.110.
(6) Describe any limits on the range of applications needed to
ensure that the engine operates consistently with your application for
certification. For example, if your engines are certified only for
personal watercraft, tell vessel manufacturers not to install the
engines in vessels longer than 4.0 meters.
(7) Describe any other instructions to make sure the installed
engine will operate according to design specifications in your
application for certification. For example, this may include specified
limits for catalyst systems, such as exhaust backpressure, catalyst
location, and temperature profiles during engine operation.
(8) State: ``If you install the engine in a way that makes the
engine's emission control information label hard to read during normal
engine maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the vessel, as
described in 40 CFR 1068.105.''
(c) You do not need installation instructions for engines you
install in your own vessels.
(d) Provide instructions in writing or in an equivalent format. For
example, you may post instructions on a publicly available Web site for
downloading or printing. If you do not provide the instructions in
writing, explain in your application for certification how you will
ensure that each installer is informed of the installation requirements.

Sec. 1045.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

[[Page 377]]

(1) Attached in one piece so it is not removable without being
destroyed or defaced.
(2) Secured to a part of the engine needed for normal operation and
not normally requiring replacement.
(3) Durable and readable for the engine's entire life.
(4) Written in English.
(c) The label must--
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may identify
another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you comply
with the provisions of Sec. 1045.640.
(3) Include EPA's standardized designation for the engine family
(and subfamily, where applicable).
(4) State the engine's displacement (in liters) and maximum engine
power (in kW); however, you may omit the displacement from the label if
all the engines in the engine family have the same per-cylinder
displacement and total displacement.
(5) State the date of manufacture [DAY (optional), MONTH, and YEAR];
however, you may omit this from the label if you stamp, engrave, or
otherwise permanently identify it elsewhere on the engine, in which case
you must also describe in your application for certification where you
will identify the date on the engine.
(6) State the FELs to which the engines are certified (in g/kW-hr)
if certification depends on the ABT provisions of subpart H of this
part.
(7) Identify the emission control system. Use terms and
abbreviations as described in 40 CFR 1068.45. You may omit this
information from the label if there is not enough room for it and you
put it in the owners manual instead.
(8) List specifications and adjustments for engine tuneups; however,
you may omit this information from the label if there is not enough room
for it and you put it in the owners manual instead.
(9) Identify the fuel type and any requirements for fuel and
lubricants; however, you may omit this information from the label if
there is not enough room for it and you put it in the owners manual
instead.
(10) State: ``THIS MARINE ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA EXHAUST
REGULATIONS FOR [MODEL YEAR].''
(11) If your durability demonstration for sterndrive/inboard engines
is limited to fresh water, state: ``THIS ENGINE IS NOT INTENDED FOR USE
IN SALTWATER.''
(d) You may add information to the emission control information
label as follows:
(1) You may identify other emission standards that the engine meets
or does not meet (such as California standards). You may include this
information by adding it to the statement we specify or by including a
separate statement.
(2) You may add other information to ensure that the engine will be
properly maintained and used.
(3) You may add appropriate features to prevent counterfeit labels.
For example, you may include the engine's unique identification number
on the label.
(e) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
part 1045 if you show that it is necessary or appropriate. We will
approve your request if your alternate label is consistent with the
requirements of this part.
(f) If you obscure the engine label while installing the engine in
the vessel such that the label cannot be read during normal maintenance,
you must place a duplicate label on the vessel. If others install your
engine in their vessels in a way that obscures the engine label, we
require them to add a duplicate label on the vessel (see 40 CFR
1068.105); in that case, give them the number of duplicate labels they
request and keep the following records for at least five years:
(1) Written documentation of the request from the vessel
manufacturer.
(2) The number of duplicate labels you send for each engine family
and the date you sent them.

Sec. 1045.140 What is my engine's maximum engine power?

(a) An engine configuration's maximum engine power is the maximum
brake power point on the nominal

[[Page 378]]

power curve for the engine configuration, as defined in this section.
Round the power value to the nearest whole kilowatt for engines above 30
kW and to the nearest 0.1 kilowatt for engines at or below 30 kW.
(b) The nominal power curve of an engine configuration is the
relationship between maximum available engine brake power and engine
speed for an engine, using the mapping procedures of 40 CFR part 1065,
based on the manufacturer's design and production specifications for the
engine. This information may also be expressed by a torque curve that
relates maximum available engine torque with engine speed.
(c) The nominal power curve must be within the range of the actual
power curves of production engines considering normal production
variability. If after production begins it is determined that your
nominal power curve does not represent production engines, we may
require you to amend your application for certification under Sec.
1045.225.
(d) Maximum engine power for an engine family is generally the
weighted average value of maximum engine power of each engine
configuration within the engine family based on your total U.S.-directed
production volume of engines you produce from the engine family.
However, alternative approaches for defining an engine family's maximum
engine power apply in the following circumstances:
(1) For outboard or personal watercraft engines for which you
neither generate nor use emission credits, you may identify the greatest
value for maximum engine power from all the different configurations
within the engine family to determine the appropriate emission standard
under Sec. 1045.103.
(2) For high-performance engines, you must use the smallest value
for maximum engine power from all the different configurations within
the engine family to determine the standards and other requirements that
apply under this subpart B.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23019, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.145 Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited

time?

The provisions in this section apply instead of other provisions in
this part. This section describes how and when these interim provisions
apply.
(a) Small-volume engine manufacturers. Special provisions apply to
you for sterndrive/inboard engines if you are a small-volume engine
manufacturer subject to the requirements of this part. You may delay
complying with emission standards and other requirements that would
otherwise apply until the 2011 model year for conventional sterndrive/
inboard engines and until the 2013 model year for high-performance
engines. For an engine to be exempt under this paragraph (a), you must
contact us before January 1, 2011 or before you introduce such engines
into U.S. commerce, whichever comes first. Add a permanent label to a
readily visible part of each engine exempted under this paragraph (a).
This label must include at least the following items:
(1) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Your corporate name and trademark.
(3) Engine displacement (in liters), rated power, and model year of
the engine or whom to contact for further information.
(4) The following statement: ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR
1045.145(a) FROM EMISSION STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(b) Early banking. You may generate exhaust emission credits for
conventional sterndrive/inboard engines before the 2010 model year (or
before the 2011 model year for small-volume engine manufacturers) as
follows:
(1) You must begin actual production of early-compliant engines by
September 1, 2009 (or before September 1, 2010 for small-volume engine
manufacturers).
(2) You may not generate emission credits under this paragraph (b)
with engines you produce after December 31, 2009 (or December 31, 2010
for small-volume engine manufacturers).

[[Page 379]]

(3) Early-compliant engines must be certified to the standards and
requirements for conventional sterndrive/inboard engines under this part
1045, with all family emission limits at or below the specified emission
standards.
(4) Calculate emission credits by setting STD equal to 16 g/kW-hr
for HC+NOX and 150 g/kW-hr for CO (see Sec. 1045.705).
(5) Small-volume engine manufacturers may calculate emission credits
using a multiplier based on the number of model years before the 2011
model year. The multipliers are 1.25 for one year early, 1.5 for two
years early, and 2.0 for three years early. For example, multiply your
calculated emission credits generated from compliant 2009 model year
engines by 1.5.
(6) You may not use the provisions of this paragraph (b) to generate
emission credits for engines whose point of first retail sale is in
California.
(7) HC+NOX or CO credits you generate under this
paragraph (b) may not be used after the 2012 model year (or the 2013
model year for small-volume engine manufacturers).
(c) Assigned emission factors. Through the 2013 model year, small-
volume engine manufacturers may establish emission levels for
certification without testing for conventional four-stroke sterndrive/
inboard engines by selecting a family emission limit of 22.0 g/kW-hr for
HC+NOX emissions and 150 g/kW-hr for CO emissions. Note that
you must use emission credits under the provisions of subpart H of this
part to show that you meet applicable requirements if you use these
family emission limits. Also, if you use these family emission limits,
you must use them for both HC+NOX and CO emissions.
(d) Early compliance with evaporative emission standards. You may
sell or install fuel tanks that do not meet the specified permeation
standards without violating the prohibition in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) if
you earn evaporative emission allowances, as follows:
(1) You may earn an evaporative emission allowance from one fuel
tank certified to EPA's evaporative emission standards by producing it
before EPA's evaporative emission standards start to apply. You may use
this evaporative emission allowance by selling one fuel tank that does
not meet the specified permeation emission standards. For example, you
can earn an evaporative emission allowance by selling a low-permeation
fuel tank for personal watercraft before the 2011 model year, in which
case you could sell a high-permeation fuel tank for a personal
watercraft in 2011. You must meet all the other requirements related to
evaporative emissions that apply for fuel tanks covered by an EPA
certificate of conformity.
(2) You must add a label to exempted fuel tanks you produce under
this paragraph (d) with the following statement: ``EXEMPT FROM EMISSION
STANDARDS UNDER 40 CFR 1045.145(d)''.
(3) Evaporative emission allowances you earn under this paragraph
(d) from portable marine fuel tanks may be used only for other portable
marine fuel tanks. Similarly, evaporative emission allowances from
personal watercraft fuel tanks may be used only for personal watercraft
fuel tanks and evaporative emission allowances from other installed fuel
tanks may be used only for other installed fuel tanks.
(4) You may not use the allowances you generate under this paragraph
(d) for portable marine fuel tanks and personal watercraft fuel tanks in
2014 or later model years. Similarly, you may not use the allowances you
generate under this paragraph (d) for other installed fuel tanks in 2015
or later model years.
(5) Send the Designated Compliance Officer the following information
for each year in which you use the provisions of this paragraph (d):
(i) Send us a report within 45 days after the end of the model year
describing how many pieces of equipment you produced in the preceding
model year that generate allowances. You may combine this with the
reports specified in Sec. 1045.250(a) if applicable.
(ii) Describe the number of equipment using allowances under this
paragraph (d) in your end-of-year reports and final reports after the
end of the model year as described in Sec. 1045.730(a). If you do not
participate in averaging, banking, and trading program, send this
information separately within 90 days after the end of the model year.

[[Page 380]]

(e) Useful life for evaporative emission standards. A useful life
period of two years applies for fuel tanks certified to meet the
permeation emission standards in Sec. 1045.112(b) in 2013 and earlier
model years. However, for fuel tanks with a family emission limit above
or below the specified emission standard, calculate emission credits
under Sec. 1045.706 based on the useful life values specified in Sec.
1045.112.
(f) Delayed FEL caps for stand-up personal watercraft. The FEL caps
specified in Sec. 1045.103(b) do not apply in the 2010 and 2011 model
years for personal watercraft that are designed for operation from a
standing position.
(g) Delayed compliance with not-to-exceed emission standards. The
not-to-exceed standards specified in Sec. 1045.107 do not apply in the
2010 through 2012 model years for engine families that are certified
based on carryover emission data from the 2009 model year. This includes
models that were certified only in California, as long as no new testing
is otherwise required to get a new certificate.
(h) Carryover of California ARB emission data. The provisions of 40
CFR 1065.10(c)(5) allow for the use of emission data generated for the
California Air Resources Board as the basis for EPA certification. For
sterndrive/inboard engines certified in California before the 2010 model
year, you may use such emission data as the basis for meeting the
standards of Sec. 1045.105, as long as you meet the conditions
specified in Sec. 1045.235(d).
(i) Hardship for obsolete engines. We have made the determination
under 40 CFR 1068.255 that secondary engine manufacturers may use the
hardship exemption to sell uncertified 4.3-liter and 8.1-liter engines
from General Motors in the 2010 model year. These engines are exempt
without request. You must label the engines as specified in 40 CFR
1068.255(b).
(j) Adjusted NTE subzones for noncatalyzed four-stroke engines. For
supercharged four-stroke outboard engines above 150 kW without
catalysts, you may divide the NTE zone specified in Sec. 1045.515(c)(6)
based on a speed cutpoint of 70 percent of maximum test speed instead of
50 percent of maximum test speed through the 2014 model year.
(k) Averaging for under-cowl fuel lines. Section 1045.112 specifies
phased-in standards for under-cowl fuel lines for 2010 through 2014
model years, subject to the following provisions:
(1) You must comply with these requirements based on total lengths
of compliant and noncompliant fuel lines. For each model year, calculate
the percentage of compliant under-cowl fuel line by adding up the length
of under-cowl fuel line certified to meet the applicable permeation
standards and dividing this sum by the total length of under-cowl fuel
line from all your outboard engines. You may count a fuel line as
compliant only if you certify that its emission levels will be at or
below the specified standard throughout the useful life.
(2) In your application for certification for each outboard engine
family, identify the part numbers, descriptions, and locations of all
the compliant fuel lines. You must include a drawing of any fuel lines
in addition to the description if that is necessary for us to find which
fuel lines you intend to be certified. Your descriptions must include
the lengths of compliant and noncompliant fuel lines for each engine,
including aggregated lengths for the whole set of fuel lines used on an
engine. If the engine family includes noncompliant fuel lines, you must
also include a statement that you will have enough compliant fuel lines
to meet the phase-in requirements and provide detailed calculations to
support your statement.
(3) Send the Designated Compliance Officer end-of-year reports and
final reports after the end of each model year that you use noncompliant
fuel lines as described in Sec. 1045.730(a). Include the production
volumes with a point of retail sale in the United States, as described
in Sec. Sec. 1045.701(j). State your production volumes in terms of
total engine sales by model and in terms of total lengths of compliant
and noncompliant fuel lines. If a single engine family includes
configurations with different lengths of compliant or noncompliant fuel
lines, count each configuration separately. If you changed your designs
during the model year in a way that affects these compliance

[[Page 381]]

calculations, identify the actual production volumes associated with
each unique design.
(4) Keep a copy of the reports we require in this paragraph (k)
until December 31, 2022 as described in Sec. 1045.735(b). We may
require you to keep additional records or to send us relevant
information not required by this paragraph (k), as allowed under the
Clean Air Act.
(5) Label your compliant low-permeation fuel lines as specified in
Sec. 1060.137. Any fuel line observed without a complete identification
as specified in Sec. 1060.137 will be considered noncompliant. In
addition, for each model year in which you use noncompliant fuel lines,
you must include one of the following statements on the engine label
described in Sec. 1045.135:
(i) ``LOW-PERM/HIGH-PERM = [x/y]'', where x is the percentage of
low-permeation under-cowl fuel line and y is the percentage of high-
permeation under-cowl fuel line (x and y must sum to 100).
(ii) ``LOW-PERM = [x mm]; HIGH-PERM = [y mm]'', where x is the
length of low-permeation under-cowl fuel line and y is the length of
high-permeation under-cowl fuel line, in mm.
(l) [Reserved]
(m) Delayed labeling for fuel lines. You may omit fuel-line labeling
requirements specified in 40 CFR part 1060 in the 2009 model year.
(n) Continued use of 40 CFR part 91 test procedures. You may
continue to use the test procedures in 40 CFR part 91 instead of those
in subpart F of this part for 2010 through 2012 model year outboard and
personal watercraft engines. This applies for certification, production-
line, and in-use testing. You may continue to use test data based on the
test procedures in 40 CFR part 91 for engine families in 2013 and later
model years, provided that we allow you to use carryover emission data
under 40 CFR 1045.235(d) for your engine family. You may also use the
test procedures in 40 CFR part 91 for production-line testing with any
engine family whose certification is based on testing with those
procedures.
(o) Banking early credits for jet boat engines. Banked emission
credits that were originally generated from outboard and personal
watercraft engines under 40 CFR part 91 may be used to certify jet boat
engines under the provisions Sec. 1045.660.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23019, Apr. 30, 2010; 75
FR 68462, Nov. 8, 2010]

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

Sec. 1045.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate

of conformity?

Engine manufacturers must certify their engines with respect to the
exhaust emission standards in this part. Manufacturers of engines,
equipment, or fuel-system components may need to certify their products
with respect to evaporative emission standards as described in 40 CFR
1060.1 and 1060.601. The following general requirements apply for
obtaining a certificate of conformity:
(a) You must send us a separate application for a certificate of
conformity for each engine family. A certificate of conformity is valid
starting with the indicated effective date but it is not valid for any
production after December 31 of the model year for which it is issued.
No certificate will be issued after December 31 of the model year.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part and must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see Sec. 1045.255).
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this subpart as long as you maintain all the information required by
Sec. 1045.250.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.
(f) See Sec. 1045.255 for provisions describing how we will process
your application.
(g) We may require you to deliver your test engines to a facility we
designate for our testing (see Sec. 1045.235(c)).
(h) For engines that become new after being placed into service,
such as engines installed on imported vessels

[[Page 382]]

or engines converted to run on a different fuel, we may specify
alternate certification provisions consistent with the intent of this
part. See Sec. 1045.645 and the definition of ``new propulsion marine
engine'' in Sec. 1045.801.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23019, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.205 What must I include in my application?

This section specifies the information that must be in your
application, unless we ask you to include less information under Sec.
1045.201(c). We may require you to provide additional information to
evaluate your application.
(a) Describe the engine family's specifications and other basic
parameters of the engine's design and emission controls. List the fuel
type on which your engines are designed to operate (for example, all-
season gasoline). List each distinguishable engine configuration in the
engine family. For each engine configuration, list the maximum engine
power and the range of values for maximum engine power resulting from
production tolerances, as described in Sec. 1045.140. Describe why your
engines qualify as high-performance engines, if applicable.
(b) Explain how the emission control systems operate. Describe in
detail all system components for controlling exhaust emissions,
including all auxiliary emission control devices (AECDs) and all fuel-
system components you will install on any production or test engine.
Identify the part number of each component you describe. For this
paragraph (b), treat as separate AECDs any devices that modulate or
activate differently from each other. Include sufficient detail to allow
us to evaluate whether the AECDs are consistent with the defeat device
prohibition of Sec. 1045.115.
(c) Explain how the engine diagnostic system works, if applicable,
describing especially the engine conditions (with the corresponding
diagnostic trouble codes) that cause the malfunction indicator to go on.
Propose the conditions under which the diagnostic system should
disregard trouble codes, as described in Sec. 1045.110(f).
(d) Describe the engines you selected for testing and the reasons
for selecting them.
(e) Describe the test equipment and procedures that you used,
including any special or alternate test procedures you used.
(f) Describe how you operated the emission-data engine before
testing, including the duty cycle and the number of engine operating
hours used to stabilize emission levels. Explain why you selected the
method of service accumulation. Describe any scheduled maintenance you
did.
(g) List the specifications of the test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges we specify in 40 CFR part 1065.
(h) Identify the engine family's useful life.
(i) Include the maintenance and warranty instructions you will give
to the ultimate purchaser of each new engine (see Sec. Sec. 1045.120
and 1045.125).
(j) Include the emission-related installation instructions you will
provide if someone else installs your engines in a vessel (see Sec.
1045.130).
(k) Describe your emission control information label (see Sec.
1045.135).
(l) Identify the emission standards or FELs to which you are
certifying engines in the engine family.
(m) Identify the engine family's deterioration factors and describe
how you developed them (see Sec. 1045.245). Present any emission test
data you used for this.
(n) State that you operated your emission-data engines as described
in the application (including the test procedures, test parameters, and
test fuels) to show you meet the requirements of this part.
(o) Present emission data to show that you meet emission standards,
as follows:
(1) Present emission data by mode for hydrocarbons (such as THC or
THCE, as applicable), NOX, and CO on an emission-data engine
to show your engines meet the duty-cycle emission standards we specify
in Sec. Sec. 1045.103(a) and 1045.105(a). Show weighted emission
figures before and after applying deterioration factors for each engine.
If we specify more than one grade of any fuel type (for example, low-
temperature

[[Page 383]]

and all-season gasoline), you need to submit test data only for one
grade, unless the regulations of this part specify otherwise for your
engine.
(2) Note that Sec. Sec. 1045.235 and 1045.245 allow you to submit
an application in certain cases without new emission data.
(p) State that all the engines in the engine family comply with the
not-to-exceed emission standards we specify in subpart B of this part
for all normal operation and use when tested as specified in Sec.
1045.515, if applicable. Describe any relevant testing, engineering
analysis, or other information in sufficient detail to support your
statement.
(q) Report test results as follows:
(1) Report all test results involving measurement of pollutants for
which emission standards apply. Include test results from invalid tests
or from any other tests, whether or not they were conducted according to
the test procedures of subpart F of this part. We may ask you to send
other information to confirm that your tests were valid under the
requirements of this part and 40 CFR parts 1060 and 1065.
(2) Report measured CO2, N2O, and
CH4 as described in Sec. 1045.235. Small-volume engine
manufacturers may omit reporting N2O and CH4.
(r) Describe all adjustable operating parameters (see Sec.
1045.115(e)), including production tolerances. Include the following in
your description of each parameter:
(1) The nominal or recommended setting.
(2) The intended physically adjustable range.
(3) The limits or stops used to establish adjustable ranges.
(4) Information showing why the limits, stops, or other means of
inhibiting adjustment are effective in preventing adjustment of
parameters on in-use engines to settings outside your intended
physically adjustable ranges.
(s) Describe how your engines comply with emission standards at
varying atmospheric pressures. Include a description of altitude kits
you design to comply with the requirements of Sec. 1045.115(d).
Identify the part number of each component you describe. Identify the
altitude range for which you expect proper engine performance and
emission control with and without the altitude kit. State that your
engines will comply with applicable emission standards throughout the
useful life with the altitude kit installed according to your
instructions. Describe any relevant testing, engineering analysis, or
other information in sufficient detail to support your statement. In
addition, describe your plan for making information and parts available
such that you would reasonably expect that altitude kits would be widely
used in the high-altitude counties specified in 40 CFR part 1068,
Appendix III. For example, engine owners should have ready access to
information describing when an altitude kit is needed and how to obtain
this service. Similarly, parts and service information should be
available to qualified service facilities in addition to authorized
service centers if that is needed for owners to have such altitude kits
installed locally.
(t) Provide the information needed to read, record, and interpret
all the information broadcast by an engine's onboard computers and
electronic control units. State that, upon request, you will give us any
hardware, software, or tools we would need to do this. If you broadcast
a surrogate parameter for torque values, you must provide us what we
need to convert these into torque units. You may reference any
appropriate publicly released standards that define conventions for
these messages and parameters. Format your information consistent with
publicly released standards.
(u) Confirm that your emission-related installation instructions
specify how to ensure that sampling of exhaust emissions will be
possible after engines are installed in vessels and placed in service.
Show how to sample exhaust emissions in a way that prevents diluting the
exhaust sample with ambient air.
(v) Unconditionally certify that all the engines in the engine
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.
(w) Include good-faith estimates of U.S.-directed production
volumes. Include a justification for the estimated

[[Page 384]]

production volumes if they are substantially different than actual
production volumes in earlier years for similar models.
(x) Include the information required by other subparts of this part.
For example, include the information required by Sec. 1045.725 if you
participate in the ABT program.
(y) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or 40 CFR part 1068 related to requests for
exemptions.
(z) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.
(aa) For imported engines, identify the following:
(1) The port(s) at which you have imported engines over the previous
12 months.
(2) The names and addresses of the agents you have authorized to
import your engines.
(3) The location of a test facility in the United States where you
can test your engines if we select them for testing under a selective
enforcement audit, as specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart E.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 73789, Dec. 4, 2008; 74
FR 56509, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1045.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my

application?

If you send us information before you finish the application, we
will review it and make any appropriate determinations, especially for
questions related to engine family definitions, auxiliary emission
control devices, deterioration factors, testing for service
accumulation, maintenance, and compliance with not-to-exceed standards.
Decisions made under this section are considered to be preliminary
approval, subject to final review and approval. We will generally not
reverse a decision where we have given you preliminary approval, unless
we find new information supporting a different decision. If you request
preliminary approval related to the upcoming model year or the model
year after that, we will make the appropriate determinations as soon as
practicable. We will generally not provide preliminary approval related
to a future model year more than two years ahead of time.

Sec. 1045.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?

You may amend your emission-related maintenance instructions after
you submit your application for certification as long as the amended
instructions remain consistent with the provisions of Sec. 1045.125.
You must send the Designated Compliance Officer a written request to
amend your application for certification for an engine family if you
want to change the emission-related maintenance instructions in a way
that could affect emissions. In your request, describe the proposed
changes to the maintenance instructions. If operators follow the
original maintenance instructions rather than the newly specified
maintenance, this does not allow you to disqualify those engines from
in-use testing or deny a warranty claim.
(a) If you are decreasing or eliminating any specified maintenance,
you may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your customers 30
days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove your request.
This would generally include replacing one maintenance step with
another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.
(b) If your requested change would not decrease the specified
maintenance, you may distribute the new maintenance instructions anytime
after you send your request.
(c) You need not request approval if you are making only minor
corrections (such as correcting typographical mistakes), clarifying your
maintenance instructions, or changing instructions for maintenance
unrelated to emission control. We may ask you to send us copies of
maintenance instructions revised under this paragraph (c).

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23019, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 385]]

Sec. 1045.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new

or modified engines or change an FEL?

Before we issue you a certificate of conformity, you may amend your
application to include new or modified engine configurations, subject to
the provisions of this section. After we have issued your certificate of
conformity, you may send us an amended application requesting that we
include new or modified engine configurations within the scope of the
certificate, subject to the provisions of this section. You must amend
your application if any changes occur with respect to any information
included in your application.
(a) You must amend your application before you take any of the
following actions:
(1) Add an engine configuration to an engine family. In this case,
the engine configuration added must be consistent with other engine
configurations in the engine family with respect to the criteria listed
in Sec. 1045.230.
(2) Change an engine configuration already included in an engine
family in a way that may affect emissions, or change any of the
components you described in your application for certification. This
includes production and design changes that may affect emissions any
time during the engine's lifetime.
(3) Modify an FEL for an engine family as described in paragraph (f)
of this section.
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the Designated
Compliance Officer the following information:
(1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the engine model or
configuration you intend to make.
(2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended
engine family complies with all applicable requirements. You may do this
by showing that the original emission-data engine is still appropriate
for showing that the amended family complies with all applicable
requirements.
(3) If the original emission-data engine for the engine family is
not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified engine
configuration, include new test data showing that the new or modified
engine configuration meets the requirements of this part.
(c) We may ask for more test data or engineering evaluations. You
must give us these within 30 days after we request them.
(d) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, we will determine whether the existing certificate of
conformity covers your newly added or modified engine. You may ask for a
hearing if we deny your request (see Sec. 1045.820).
(e) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified engine
configuration anytime after you send us your amended application and
before we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However,
if we determine that the affected engines do not meet applicable
requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the engines and
may require you to recall the engines at no expense to the owner.
Choosing to produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be
consent to recall all engines that we determine do not meet applicable
emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the nonconformity
at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide information required
under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days after we request it,
you must stop producing the new or modified engines.
(f) You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in certain cases
after the start of production. The changed FEL may not apply to engines
you have already introduced into U.S. commerce, except as described in
this paragraph (f). If we approve a changed FEL after the start of
production, you must include the new FEL on the emission control
information label for all engines produced after the change. You may ask
us to approve a change to your FEL in the following cases:
(1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your engine family at any
time. In your request, you must show that you will still be able to meet
the emission standards as specified in subparts B and H of this part. If
you amend your application by submitting new test

[[Page 386]]

data to include a newly added or modified engine, as described in
paragraph (b)(3) of this section, use the appropriate FELs with
corresponding production volumes to calculate emission credits for the
model year, as described in subpart H of this part. In all other
circumstances, you must use the higher FEL for the entire family to
calculate emission credits under subpart H of this part.
(2) You may ask to lower the FEL for your engine family only if you
have test data from production engines showing that emissions are below
the proposed lower FEL. The lower FEL applies only to engines you
produce after we approve the new FEL. Use the appropriate FELs with
corresponding production volumes to calculate emission credits for the
model year, as described in subpart H of this part.

Sec. 1045.230 How do I select engine families?

(a) For purposes of certification, divide your product line into
families of engines that are expected to have similar emission
characteristics throughout their useful life as described in this
section. Your engine family is limited to a single model year.
(b) Group engines into the same engine family if they are the same
in all the following aspects:
(1) The combustion cycle and fuel. See paragraph (e) of this section
for special provisions that apply for dual-fuel engines.
(2) Method of air aspiration (for example, turbocharged vs.
naturally aspirated).
(3) The number, location, volume, and composition of catalytic
converters.
(4) The number, arrangement (such as in-line or vee configuration),
and approximate bore diameter of cylinders.
(5) Method of control for engine operation, other than governing
(i.e., mechanical or electronic).
(6) The numerical level of the applicable emission standards. For
example, an engine family may not include engines certified to different
family emission limits, though you may change family emission limits
without recertifying as specified in Sec. 1045.225.
(c) You may subdivide a group of engines that is identical under
paragraph (b) of this section into different engine families if you show
the expected emission characteristics are different during the useful
life.
(d) You may group engines that are not identical with respect to the
things listed in paragraph (b) of this section into the same engine
family, as follows:
(1) In unusual circumstances, you may group such engines into the
same engine family if you show that their emission characteristics
during the useful life will be similar.
(2) If you are a small-volume engine manufacturer, you may group all
your high-performance engines into a single engine family.
(3) The provisions of this paragraph (e) do not exempt any engines
from meeting all the emission standards and requirements in subpart B of
this part.
(e) You may certify dual-fuel or flexible-fuel engines in a single
engine family. You may include dedicated-fuel versions of this same
engine model in the same engine family, as long as they are identical to
the engine configuration with respect to that fuel type for the dual-
fuel or flexible-fuel version of the engine. For example, if you produce
an engine that can alternately run on gasoline and natural gas, you can
include the gasoline-only and natural gas-only versions of the engine in
the same engine family as the dual-fuel engine if engine operation on
each fuel type is identical with or without installation of components
for operating on the other fuel.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23019, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a

certificate of conformity?

This section describes the emission testing you must perform to show
compliance with the emission standards in Sec. Sec. 1045.103 and
1045.105. See Sec. 1045.205(p) regarding emission testing related to
the not-to-exceed standards. See Sec. Sec. 1045.240 and 1045.245 and 40
CFR part 1065, subpart E, regarding service accumulation before emission
testing.
(a) Select an emission-data engine from each engine family for
testing as

[[Page 387]]

described in 40 CFR 1065.401. Select the engine with a configuration
that is most likely to exceed the exhaust emission standards, using good
engineering judgment. Consider the emission levels of all exhaust
constituents over the full useful life of the engine when operated in a
vessel.
(b) Test your emission-data engines using the procedures and
equipment specified in subpart F of this part. In the case of dual-fuel
engines, measure emissions when operating with each type of fuel for
which you intend to certify the engine. In the case of flexible-fuel
engines, measure emissions when operating with the fuel mixture that is
most likely to cause the engine to exceed the applicable
HC+NOX emission standard, though you may ask us to exclude
fuel mixtures that you can show are not likely to occur in use.
(c) We may measure emissions from any of your emission-data engines
or other engines from the engine family, as follows:
(1) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. If we do this, you must deliver the engine to a test facility
we designate. The engine you provide must include appropriate manifolds,
aftertreatment devices, electronic control units, and other emission-
related components not normally attached directly to the engine block.
If we do the testing at your plant, you must schedule it as soon as
possible and make available the instruments, personnel, and equipment we
need.
(2) If we measure emissions on one of your engines, the results of
that testing become the official emission results for the engine. Unless
we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to consider your data
in determining if your engine family meets applicable requirements.
(3) We may set the adjustable parameters of your engine to any point
within the physically adjustable ranges (see Sec. 1045.115(e)).
(4) We may calibrate your engine within normal production tolerances
for anything we do not consider an adjustable parameter. For example,
this would apply where we determine that an engine parameter is not an
adjustable parameter (as defined in Sec. 1045.801) but that it is
subject to production variability.
(d) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous model
year instead of doing new tests, but only if all the following are true:
(1) The engine family from the previous model year differs from the
current engine family only with respect to model year or other
characteristics unrelated to emissions.
(2) The emission-data engine from the previous model year remains
the appropriate emission-data engine under paragraph (b) of this
section.
(3) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the
requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the application
for certification. For engines originally tested under the provisions of
40 CFR part 91, you may consider those test procedures to be equivalent
to the procedures we specify in subpart F of this part.
(e) We may require you to test another engine of the same or
different configuration in addition to the engine(s) tested under
paragraph (b) of this section.
(f) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in subpart F of this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.
(g) Measure CO2 and CH4 with each low-hour
certification test using the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065
starting in the 2011 and 2012 model years, respectively. Also measure
N2O with each low-hour certification test using the
procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065 starting in the 2013 model year
for any engine family that depends on NOX aftertreatment to
meet emission standards. Small-volume engine manufacturers may omit
measurement of N2O and CH4. These measurements are
not required for NTE testing. Use the same units and modal calculations
as for your other results to report a single weighted value for each
constituent. Round the final values as follows:
(1) Round CO2 to the nearest 1 g/kW-hr.

[[Page 388]]

(2) Round N2O to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr.
(3) Round CH4 to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56510, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1045.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with

exhaust emission standards?

(a) For purposes of certification, your engine family is considered
in compliance with the duty-cycle emission standards in Sec. 1045.103
or Sec. 1045.105 if all emission-data engines representing that family
have test results showing official emission results and deteriorated
emission levels at or below these standards. This also applies for all
test points for emission-data engines within the family used to
establish deterioration factors. Note that your FELs are considered to
be the applicable emission standards with which you must comply if you
participate in the ABT program in subpart H of this part. See paragraph
(e) of this section for provisions related to demonstrating compliance
with NTE standards.
(b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply with the duty-cycle
emission standards in Sec. 1045.103 or Sec. 1045.105 if any emission-
data engine representing that family has test results showing an
official emission result or a deteriorated emission level for any
pollutant that is above an applicable emission standard. Similarly, your
engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data engine
representing that family has test results showing any emission level
above the applicable not-to-exceed emission standard for any pollutant.
This also applies for all test points for emission-data engines within
the family used to establish deterioration factors.
(c) Determine a deterioration factor to compare emission levels from
the emission-data engine with the applicable emission standards. Section
1045.245 specifies how to test engines to develop deterioration factors
that represent the expected deterioration in emissions over your
engines' full useful life. Your deterioration factors must take into
account any available data from in-use testing with similar engines. You
may ask us to give you an assigned deterioration factor for your high-
performance engines. Small-volume engine manufacturers may use assigned
deterioration factors that we establish for any engine families
certified under this part. Apply deterioration factors as follows:
(1) Additive deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. For engines
that do not use aftertreatment technology, use an additive deterioration
factor for exhaust emissions. An additive deterioration factor is the
difference between exhaust emissions at the end of useful life and
exhaust emissions at the low-hour test point. Adjust the official
emission results for each tested engine at the selected test point by
adding the factor to the measured emissions. If the deterioration factor
is less than zero, use zero. Additive deterioration factors must be
specified to one more decimal place than the emission standard.
(2) Multiplicative deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. For
engines that use aftertreatment technology, such as catalytic
converters, use a multiplicative deterioration factor for exhaust
emissions. A multiplicative deterioration factor is the ratio of exhaust
emissions at the end of useful life to exhaust emissions at the low-hour
test point. Adjust the official emission results for each tested engine
at the selected test point by multiplying the measured emissions by the
deterioration factor. If the deterioration factor is less than one, use
one. Multiplicative deterioration factors must be specified to one more
significant figure than the emission standard.
(d) Collect emission data using measurements to one more decimal
place than the applicable standard. Apply the deterioration factor to
the official emission result, as described in paragraph (c) of this
section, then round the adjusted figure to the same number of decimal
places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded emission levels to
the emission standard for each emission-data engine. In the case of
HC+NOX standards, add the official emission results and apply
the deterioration factor to the sum of the pollutants before rounding.
However, if your deterioration factors are based on emission
measurements that do not

[[Page 389]]

cover the vehicle's full useful life, apply the deterioration factor to
each pollutant and then add the results before rounding.
(e) Use good engineering judgment to demonstrate compliance with NTE
standards throughout the useful life. You may, but are not required to,
apply the same deterioration factors used to show compliance with the
applicable duty-cycle standards.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23019, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.245 How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust

durability testing?

This section describes how to determine deterioration factors,
either with pre-existing test data or with new emission measurements.
(a) You may ask us to approve deterioration factors for an engine
family based on emission measurements from similar engines if you have
already given us these data for certifying the other engines in the same
or earlier model years. Use good engineering judgment to decide whether
the two engines are similar.
(b) If you are unable to determine deterioration factors for an
engine family under paragraph (a) of this section, select engines,
subsystems, or components for testing. Determine deterioration factors
based on service accumulation and related testing. Include consideration
of wear and other causes of deterioration expected under typical
consumer use, including exposure to saltwater if applicable. Determine
deterioration factors as follows:
(1) You must measure emissions from the emission-data engine at a
low-hour test point and the end of the useful life. You may also test at
evenly spaced intermediate points. Collect emission data using
measurements to one more decimal place than the emission standard.
(2) Operate the engine over a representative duty cycle for a period
at least as long as the useful life (in hours). You may operate the
engine continuously. You may also use an engine installed in a vessel to
accumulate service hours instead of running the engine only in the
laboratory.
(3) In the case of dual-fuel or flexible-fuel engines, you may
accumulate service hours on a single emission-data engine using the type
or mixture of fuel expected to have the highest combustion and exhaust
temperatures. For dual-fuel engines, you must measure emissions on each
fuel type at each test point.
(4) You may perform maintenance on emission-data engines as
described in Sec. 1045.125 and 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E.
(5) If you measure emissions at only two points to calculate your
deterioration factor, base your calculations on a linear relationship
connecting these two data points for each pollutant. If you measure
emissions at three or more points, use a linear least-squares fit of
your test data for each pollutant to calculate your deterioration
factor.
(6) If you test more than one engine to establish deterioration
factors, calculate the deterioration factor for each engine and average
the deterioration factors from all the engines before rounding.
(7) Use good engineering judgment for all aspects of the effort to
establish deterioration factors under this paragraph (b).
(8) You may use other testing methods to determine deterioration
factors, consistent with good engineering judgment, as long as we
approve those methods in advance.
(c) Include the following information in your application for
certification:
(1) If you determine your deterioration factors based on test data
from a different engine family, explain why this is appropriate and
include all the emission measurements on which you base the
deterioration factor.
(2) If you do testing to determine deterioration factors, describe
the form and extent of service accumulation, including the method you
use to accumulate hours.

Sec. 1045.250 What records must I keep and what reports must I send to EPA?

(a) Send the Designated Compliance Officer information related to
your U.S.-directed production volumes as described in Sec. 1045.345. In
addition, within 45 days after the end of the

[[Page 390]]

model year, you must send us a report describing information about
engines you produced during the model year as follows:
(1) State the total production volume for each engine family that is
not subject to reporting under Sec. 1045.345.
(2) State the total production volume for any engine family for
which you produce engines after completing the reports required in Sec.
1045.345.
(3) For production volumes you report under this paragraph (a),
identify whether or not the figures include California sales. Include a
separate count of production volumes for California sales if those
figures are available.
(b) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1045.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of each emission-data engine. For each
engine, describe all of the following:
(i) The emission-data engine's construction, including its origin
and buildup, steps you took to ensure that it represents production
engines, any components you built specially for it, and all the
components you include in your application for certification.
(ii) How you accumulated engine operating hours (service
accumulation), including the dates and the number of hours accumulated.
(iii) All maintenance, including modifications, parts changes, and
other service, and the dates and reasons for the maintenance.
(iv) All your emission tests, including documentation on routine and
standard tests, as specified in part 40 CFR part 1065, and the date and
purpose of each test.
(v) All tests to diagnose engine or emission control performance,
giving the date and time of each and the reasons for the test.
(vi) Any other significant events.
(4) Production figures for each engine family divided by assembly
plant.
(5) Keep a list of engine identification numbers for all the engines
you produce under each certificate of conformity.
(c) Keep data from routine emission tests (such as test cell
temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one year after we issue
the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all other information
specified in this section for eight years after we issue your
certificate.
(d) Store these records in any format and on any media as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review
them at any time.

Sec. 1045.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of

conformity?

(a) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean Air
Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for your engine family
for that model year. We may make the approval subject to additional
conditions.
(b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke
your certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (e) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent).
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
(5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized
activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all engines being produced.

[[Page 391]]

(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the
Clean Air Act or this part.
(d) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information as required under this part or the
Clean Air Act.
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1045.820).

Subpart D_Testing Production-line Engines

Sec. 1045.301 When must I test my production-line engines?

(a) If you produce engines that are subject to the requirements of
this part, you must test them as described in this subpart, except as
follows:
(1) Small-volume engine manufacturers may omit testing under this
subpart.
(2) We may exempt engine families with a projected U.S.-directed
production volume below 150 units from routine testing under this
subpart. Request this exemption in your application for certification
and include your basis for projecting a production volume below 150
units. We will approve your request if we agree that you have made good-
faith estimates of your production volumes. Your exemption is approved
when we grant your certificate. You must promptly notify us if your
actual production exceeds 150 units during the model year. If you exceed
the production limit or if there is evidence of a nonconformity, we may
require you to test production-line engines under this subpart, or under
40 CFR part 1068, subpart E, even if we have approved an exemption under
this paragraph (a)(2).
(3) The requirements of this subpart do not apply to sterndrive/
inboard engines.
(b) We may suspend or revoke your certificate of conformity for
certain engine families if your production-line engines do not meet the
requirements of this part or you do not fulfill your obligations under
this subpart (see Sec. Sec. 1045.325 and 1045.340).
(c) Other regulatory provisions authorize us to suspend, revoke, or
void your certificate of conformity, or order recalls for engine
families, without regard to whether they have passed these production-
line testing requirements. The requirements of this subpart do not
affect our ability to do selective enforcement audits, as described in
40 CFR part 1068. Individual engines in families that pass these
production-line testing requirements must also conform to all applicable
regulations of this part and 40 CFR part 1068.
(d) You may use alternate programs for testing production-line
engines in the following circumstances:
(1) You may use analyzers and sampling systems that meet the field-
testing requirements of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J, but not the
otherwise applicable requirements in 40 CFR part 1065 for laboratory
testing, to demonstrate compliance with duty-cycle emission standards if
you double the minimum sampling rate specified in Sec. 1045.310(b). Use
measured test results to determine whether engines comply with
applicable standards without applying a measurement allowance. This
alternate program does not require prior approval but we may disallow
use of this option where we determine that use of field-grade equipment
would prevent you from being able to demonstrate that your engines are
being produced to conform to the specifications in your application for
certification.
(2) You may ask to use another alternate program for testing
production-line engines. In your request, you must show us that the
alternate program gives equal assurance that your products meet the
requirements of this part. We may waive some or all of this subpart's
requirements if we approve your alternate approach. For example, in
certain circumstances you may be able to give us equal assurance that
your products meet the requirements of this part by using less rigorous
measurement methods if you offset that by increasing the number of test
engines.

[[Page 392]]

(e) If you certify an engine family with carryover emission data, as
described in Sec. 1045.235(d), and these equivalent engine families
consistently pass the production-line testing requirements over the
preceding two-year period, you may ask for a reduced testing rate for
further production-line testing for that family. The minimum testing
rate is one engine per engine family. If we reduce your testing rate, we
may limit our approval to any number of model years. In determining
whether to approve your request, we may consider the number of engines
that have failed the emission tests.
(f) We may ask you to make a reasonable number of production-line
engines available for a reasonable time so we can test or inspect them
for compliance with the requirements of this part.

Sec. 1045.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line engines?

This section describes how to prepare and test production-line
engines. You must assemble the test engine in a way that represents the
assembly procedures for other engines in the engine family. You must ask
us to approve any deviations from your normal assembly procedures for
other production engines in the engine family.
(a) Test procedures. Test your production-line engines using the
applicable testing procedures in subpart F of this part to show you meet
the duty-cycle emission standards in subpart B of this part. The not-to-
exceed standards apply for this testing, but you need not do additional
testing to show that production-line engines meet the not-to-exceed
standards.
(b) Modifying a test engine. Once an engine is selected for testing
(see Sec. 1045.310), you may adjust, repair, prepare, or modify it or
check its emissions only if one of the following is true:
(1) You document the need for doing so in your procedures for
assembling and inspecting all your production engines and make the
action routine for all the engines in the engine family.
(2) This subpart otherwise specifically allows your action.
(3) We approve your action in advance.
(c) Engine malfunction. If an engine malfunction prevents further
emission testing, ask us to approve your decision to either repair the
engine or delete it from the test sequence.
(d) Setting adjustable parameters. Before any test, we may require
you to adjust any adjustable parameter to any setting within its
physically adjustable range.
(1) We may require you to adjust idle speed outside the physically
adjustable range as needed, but only until the engine has stabilized
emission levels (see paragraph (e) of this section). We may ask you for
information needed to establish an alternate minimum idle speed.
(2) We may specify adjustments within the physically adjustable
range by considering their effect on emission levels. We may also
consider how likely it is that someone will make such an adjustment with
in-use engines.
(e) Stabilizing emission levels. You may operate the engine to
stabilize the emission levels before you test production-line engines.
Using good engineering judgment, operate your engines in a way that
represents the way production engines will be used. You may operate each
engine for no more than the greater of two periods:
(1) 12 hours.
(2) The number of hours you operated your emission-data engine for
certifying the engine family (see 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E, or the
applicable regulations governing how you should prepare your test
engine).
(f) Damage during shipment. If shipping an engine to a remote
facility for production-line testing makes necessary an adjustment or
repair, you must wait until after the initial emission test to do this
work. We may waive this requirement if the test would be impossible or
unsafe or if it would permanently damage the engine. Report to us in
your written report under Sec. 1045.345 all adjustments or repairs you
make on test engines before each test.
(g) Retesting after invalid tests. You may retest an engine if you
determine an emission test is invalid under subpart F of this part.
Explain in your written report reasons for invalidating any test and the
emission results from

[[Page 393]]

all tests. If we determine that you improperly invalidated a test, we
may require you to ask for our approval for future testing before
substituting results of the new tests for invalid ones.

Sec. 1045.310 How must I select engines for production-line testing?

(a) Test engines from each engine family as described in this
section based on test periods, as follows:
(1) For engine families with projected U.S.-directed production
volume of at least 1,600, the test periods are consecutive quarters (3
months). However, if your annual production period is less than 12
months long, you may take the following alternative approach to define
quarterly test periods:
(i) If your annual production period is 120 days or less, the whole
model year constitutes a single test period.
(ii) If your annual production period is 121 to 210 days, divide the
annual production period evenly into two test periods.
(iii) If your annual production period is 211 to 300 days, divide
the annual production period evenly into three test periods.
(iv) If your annual production period is 301 days or longer, divide
the annual production period evenly into four test periods.
(2) For engine families with projected U.S.-directed production
volume below 1,600, the whole model year constitutes a single test
period.
(b) Early in each test period, randomly select and test an engine
from the end of the assembly line for each engine family.
(1) In the first test period for newly certified engines, randomly
select and test one more engine. Then, calculate the required sample
size for the model year as described in paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) In later test periods of the same model year, combine the new
test result with all previous testing in the model year. Then, calculate
the required sample size for the model year as described in paragraph
(c) of this section.
(3) In the first test period for engine families relying on
previously submitted test data, combine the new test result with the
last test result from the previous model year. Then, calculate the
required sample size for the model year as described in paragraph (c) of
this section. Use the last test result from the previous model year only
for this first calculation. For all subsequent calculations, use only
results from the current model year.
(c) Calculate the required sample size for each engine family.
Separately calculate this figure for HC+NOX and CO. The
required sample size is the greater of these calculated values. Use the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.089

Where:

N = Required sample size for the model year.
t95 = 95% confidence coefficient, which depends on the number
of tests completed, n, as specified in the table in paragraph (c)(1) of
this section. It defines 95% confidence intervals for a one-tail
distribution.
[sigma] = Test sample standard deviation (see paragraph (c)(2) of this
section).
x = Mean of emission test results of the sample.
STD = Emission standard (or family emission limit, if applicable).

(1) Determine the 95% confidence coefficient, t95, from
the following table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
n t95 n t95 n t95
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 6.31 12 1.80 22 1.72
3 2.92 13 1.78 23 1.72
4 2.35 14 1.77 24 1.71
5 2.13 15 1.76 25 1.71
6 2.02 16 1.75 26 1.71
7 1.94 17 1.75 27 1.71
8 1.90 18 1.74 28 1.70
9 1.86 19 1.73 29 1.70
10 1.83 20 1.73 30+ 1.70
11 1.81 21 1.72 .......... ..........
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 394]]

(2) Calculate the standard deviation, [sigma], for the test sample
using the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.090

Where:

Xi = Emission test result for an individual engine.
n = The number of tests completed in an engine family.

(d) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equations in paragraph (c) of this section (see Sec.
1045.315(a)(2)).
(e) After each new test, recalculate the required sample size using
the updated mean values, standard deviations, and the appropriate 95-
percent confidence coefficient.
(f) Distribute the remaining engine tests evenly throughout the rest
of the year. You may need to adjust your schedule for selecting engines
if the required sample size changes. If your scheduled quarterly testing
for the remainder of the model year is sufficient to meet the calculated
sample size, you may wait until the next quarter to do additional
testing. Continue to randomly select engines from each engine family.
(g) Continue testing until one of the following things happens:
(1) After completing the minimum number of tests required in
paragraph (b) of this section, the number of tests completed in an
engine family, n, is greater than the required sample size, N, and the
sample mean, x, is less than or equal to the emission standard. For
example, if N = 5.1 after the fifth test, the sample-size calculation
does not allow you to stop testing.
(2) The engine family does not comply according to Sec. 1045.315.
(3) You test 30 engines from the engine family.
(4) You test one percent of your projected annual U.S.-directed
production volume for the engine family, rounded to the nearest whole
number. Do not count an engine under this paragraph (g)(4) if it fails
to meet an applicable emission standard.
(5) You choose to declare that the engine family does not comply
with the requirements of this subpart.
(h) If the sample-size calculation allows you to stop testing for
one pollutant but not another, you must continue measuring emission
levels of all pollutants for any additional tests required under this
section. However, you need not continue making the calculations
specified in this subpart for the pollutant for which testing is not
required. This paragraph (h) does not affect the number of tests
required under this section, the required calculations in Sec.
1045.315, or the remedial steps required under Sec. 1045.320.
(i) You may elect to test more randomly chosen engines than we
require under this section. Include these engines in the sample-size
calculations.

Sec. 1045.315 How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line

testing requirements?

This section describes the pass-fail criteria for the production-
line testing requirements. We apply these criteria on an engine-family
basis. See Sec. 1045.320 for the requirements that apply to individual
engines that fail a production-line test.
(a) Calculate your test results as follows:
(1) Initial and final test results. Calculate and round the test
results for each engine. If you do several tests on an engine, calculate
the initial results for each test, then add all the test results
together and divide by the number of tests. Round this final calculated
value for the final test results on that engine.
(2) Final deteriorated test results. Apply the deterioration factor
for the engine

[[Page 395]]

family to the final test results (see Sec. 1045.240(c)).
(3) Round deteriorated test results. Round the results to the number
of decimal places in the emission standard expressed to one more decimal
place.
(b) Construct the following CumSum Equation for each engine family
for HC+NOX and CO emissions:

Ci = Max [0 or Ci-1 + Xi - (STD + 0.25
x [sigma])]

Where:

Ci = The current CumSum statistic.
Ci-1 = The previous CumSum statistic. For the first test, the
CumSum statistic is 0 (i.e., C1 = 0).
Xi = The current emission test result for an individual
engine.
STD = Emission standard (or family emission limit, if applicable).

(c) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equation in paragraph (b) of this section (see Sec.
1045.315(a)).
(d) After each new test, recalculate the CumSum statistic.
(e) If you test more than the required number of engines, include
the results from these additional tests in the CumSum Equation.
(f) After each test, compare the current CumSum statistic, Ci, to
the recalculated Action Limit, H, defined as H = 5.0 x [sigma].
(g) If the CumSum statistic exceeds the Action Limit in two
consecutive tests, the engine family fails the production-line testing
requirements of this subpart. Tell us within ten working days if this
happens. You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the entire engine family as described in Sec.
1045.225(f).
(h) If you amend the application for certification for an engine
family under Sec. 1045.225, do not change any previous calculations of
sample size or CumSum statistics for the model year.

Sec. 1045.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails to meet

emission standards?

(a) If you have a production-line engine with final deteriorated
test results exceeding one or more emission standards (see Sec.
1045.315(a)), the certificate of conformity is automatically suspended
for that failing engine. You must take the following actions before your
certificate of conformity can cover that engine:
(1) Correct the problem and retest the engine to show it complies
with all emission standards.
(2) Include the test results and describe the remedy for each engine
in the written report required under Sec. 1045.345.
(b) You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the entire engine family at this point (see Sec.
1045.225).

[73 FR 59194, Oct.8, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 73789, Dec. 4, 2008]

Sec. 1045.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line

testing requirements?

(a) We may suspend your certificate of conformity for an engine
family if it fails under Sec. 1045.315. The suspension may apply to all
facilities producing engines from an engine family even if you find
noncompliant engines only at one facility.
(b) We will tell you in writing if we suspend your certificate in
whole or in part. We will not suspend a certificate until at least 15
days after the engine family fails. The suspension is effective when you
receive our notice.
(c) Up to 15 days after we suspend the certificate for an engine
family, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1045.820). If we agree
before a hearing occurs that we used erroneous information in deciding
to suspend the certificate, we will reinstate the certificate.
(d) Section 1045.335 specifies steps you must take to remedy the
cause of the engine family's production-line failure. All the engines
you have produced since the end of the last test period are presumed
noncompliant and should be addressed in your proposed remedy. We may
require you to apply the remedy to engines produced earlier if we
determine that the cause of the failure is likely to have affected the
earlier engines.
(e) You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the engine family before or after we suspend your
certificate as described in Sec. 1045.225(f). We will approve your
request if the failure is not caused

[[Page 396]]

by a defect and it is clear that you used good engineering judgment in
establishing the original FEL.

Sec. 1045.330 May I sell engines from an engine family with a suspended

certificate of conformity?

You may sell engines that you produce after we suspend the engine
family's certificate of conformity under Sec. 1045.315 only if one of
the following occurs:
(a) You test each engine you produce and show it complies with
emission standards that apply.
(b) We conditionally reinstate the certificate for the engine
family. We may do so if you agree to recall all the affected engines and
remedy any noncompliance at no expense to the owner if later testing
shows that the engine family still does not comply.

Sec. 1045.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?

Sec. 1045.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how

may I sell these engines again?

(a) We may revoke your certificate for an engine family in the
following cases:
(1) You do not meet the reporting requirements.
(2) Your engine family fails to comply with the requirements of this
subpart and your proposed remedy to address a suspended certificate
under Sec. 1045.335 is inadequate to solve the problem or requires you
to change the engine's design or emission control system.
(b) To sell engines from an engine family with a revoked certificate
of conformity, you must modify the engine family and then show it
complies with the requirements of this part.
(1) If we determine your proposed design change may not control
emissions for the engine's full useful life, we will tell you within
five working days after receiving your report. In this case we will
decide whether production-line testing will be enough for us to evaluate
the change or whether you need to do more testing.
(2) Unless we require more testing, you may show compliance by
testing production-line engines as described in this subpart.
(3) We will issue a new or updated certificate of conformity when
you have met these requirements.

Sec. 1045.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

(a) Within 45 days of the end of each test period, send us a report
with the following information:
(1) Describe any facility used to test production-line engines and
state its location.
(2) State the total U.S.-directed production volume and number of
tests for each engine family.
(3) Describe how you randomly selected engines.
(4) Describe each test engine, including the engine family's
identification and the engine's model year, build date, model number,
identification number, and number of hours of operation before testing.
(5) Identify how you accumulated hours of operation on the engines
and describe the procedure and schedule you used.
(6) Provide the test number; the date, time and duration of testing;
test procedure; all initial test results; final test results; and final
deteriorated test results for all tests. Provide the emission results
for all measured pollutants. Include information for both valid and
invalid tests and the reason for any invalidation.
(7) Describe completely and justify any nonroutine adjustment,
modification, repair, preparation, maintenance, or test for the test
engine if you did not report it separately under this subpart. Include
the results of any emission measurements, regardless of the procedure or
type of engine.

[[Page 397]]

(8) Provide the CumSum analysis required in Sec. 1045.315 and the
sample-size calculation required in Sec. 1045.310 for each engine
family.
(9) Report on each failed engine as described in Sec. 1045.320.
(10) State the date the test period ended for each engine family.
(b) We may ask you to add information to your written report so we
can determine whether your new engines conform with the requirements of
this subpart. We may also ask you to send less information.
(c) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
following statement:

We submit this report under sections 208 and 213 of the Clean Air
Act. Our production-line testing conformed completely with the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1045. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for test engines in a way that
might affect emission controls. All the information in this report is
true and accurate to the best of my knowledge. I know of the penalties
for violating the Clean Air Act and the regulations. (Authorized Company
Representative).

(d) Send electronic reports of production-line testing to the
Designated Compliance Officer using an approved information format. If
you want to use a different format, send us a written request with
justification for a waiver.
(e) We will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public
who asks for them. Section 1045.815 describes how we treat information
you consider confidential.

Sec. 1045.350 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this section.
We may review your records at any time.
(b) Keep paper or electronic records of your production-line testing
for eight years after you complete all the testing required for an
engine family in a model year.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1045.345.
(d) Keep the following additional records:
(1) A description of all test equipment for each test cell that you
can use to test production-line engines.
(2) The names of supervisors involved in each test.
(3) The name of anyone who authorizes adjusting, repairing,
preparing, or modifying a test engine and the names of all supervisors
who oversee this work.
(4) If you shipped the engine for testing, the date you shipped it,
the associated storage or port facility, and the date the engine arrived
at the testing facility.
(5) Any records related to your production-line tests that are not
in the written report.
(6) A brief description of any significant events during testing not
otherwise described in the written report or in this section.
(7) Any information specified in Sec. 1045.345 that you do not
include in your written reports.
(e) If we ask, you must give us a more detailed description of
projected or actual production figures for an engine family. We may ask
you to divide your production figures by maximum engine power,
displacement, fuel type, or assembly plant (if you produce engines at
more than one plant).
(f) Keep records of the engine identification number for each engine
you produce under each certificate of conformity. You may identify these
numbers as a range. Give us these records within 30 days if we ask for
them.
(g) We may ask you to keep or send other information necessary to
implement this subpart.

Subpart E_In-Use Testing

Sec. 1045.401 What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone

into service?

(a) We may perform in-use testing of any engines subject to the
standards of this part. If you produce outboard or personal watercraft
engines that are subject to the requirements of this part, you must test
them as described in this subpart. The testing requirements described in
this subpart do not apply to sterndrive/inboard engines. This generally
involves testing engines in the field or removing them for measurement
in a laboratory.
(b) We may approve an alternate plan for showing that in-use engines
comply with the requirements of this part if one of the following is
true:

[[Page 398]]

(1) You produce 200 or fewer engines per year in the selected engine
family.
(2) You identify a unique aspect of your engine applications that
keeps you from doing the required in-use testing.
(c) We may void your certificate of conformity for an engine family
if you do not meet your obligations under this part.
(d) Independent of your responsibility to test in-use engines, we
may choose at any time to do our own testing of your in-use engines.
(e) If in-use testing shows that engines fail to meet emission
standards or other requirements of this part, we may pursue a recall or
other remedy as allowed by the Clean Air Act (see Sec. 1045.415).

Sec. 1045.405 How does this program work?

(a) You must test in-use engines for exhaust emissions from the
families we select. We may select up to 25 percent of your engine
families in any model year--or one engine family if you have three or
fewer families. When we select an engine family for testing, we may
specify that you preferentially test engines based on the type of
vessel. In addition, we may identify specific modes of operation or
sampling times. You may choose to test additional engine families that
we do not select.
(b) The provisions of this paragraph (b) describe how test families
are selected, depending on when we receive the application for
certification.
(1) If we receive the application by December 31 of a given calendar
year for the following model year (for example, by December 31, 2009 for
model year 2010), we would expect to select engine families for testing
by February 28 of the model year. If we have not completed the selection
of engine families by February 28, you may select your own engine
families for in-use testing. In this case, you must make your selections
and notify us which engine families you have selected by March 31. You
should consider the following factors in selecting engine families, in
priority order:
(i) Select an engine family that has not recently been tested in an
in-use testing regimen (and passed) under the provisions of this
subpart. This should generally involve engine families that have not
been selected in the previous two model years. If design changes have
required new testing for certification, we would consider that this
engine family has not been selected for in-use testing.
(ii) Select an engine family if we have approved an alternative
approach to establishing a deterioration factor under Sec.
1045.245(b)(8).
(iii) Select the engine family with the highest projected U.S.-
directed production volume.
(2) If we receive an application for a given model year after
December 31 of the previous calendar year, you must conduct in-use
testing with that engine family without regard to the limitations
specified in paragraph (a) of this section, unless we waive this
requirement. We will generally waive testing under this paragraph (b)(2)
only for small-volume engine manufacturers or in the case where similar
testing was recently completed for a related engine family.
(c) Send us an in-use testing plan for engine families selected for
testing as described in this paragraph (c). Complete the testing within
36 months after we direct you to test a particular engine family. Send
us a complete in-use testing plan according to the following deadlines:
(1) Within six months after we direct you to test a particular
engine family.
(2) By February 28 of the following year if you select engine
families for testing under paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(3) Within six months after we approve certification for engine
families subject to the requirements of paragraph (b)(2) of this
section.
(4) If we request additional information or require you to modify
your plan to meet the requirements of this subpart, you must provide the
information or the modified plan within 30 days of our request.
(d) You may need to test engines from more than one model year at a
given time.
(e) In appropriate extreme and unusual circumstances that are
clearly outside your control and could not have been avoided by the
exercise of

[[Page 399]]

prudence, diligence, and due care, we may allow more time to complete
testing or we may waive the in-use testing requirement for an engine
family. For example, if your test fleet is destroyed by severe weather
during service accumulation and we agree that completion of testing is
not possible, we would generally waive testing requirements for that
engine family.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23020, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.410 How must I select, prepare, and test my in-use engines?

(a) You may make arrangements to select representative test engines
from your own fleet or from other independent sources.
(b) For the selected engine families, select engines that you or
your customers have--
(1) Operated for at least 50 percent of the engine family's useful
life (see Sec. 1045.103(e));
(2) Not maintained or used in an abnormal way; and
(3) Documented in terms of total hours of operation, maintenance,
operating conditions, and storage.
(c) Use the following methods to determine the number of engines you
must test in each engine family:
(1) Test at least two engines if you produce 2,000 or fewer engines
in the model year from all engine families, or if you produce 500 or
fewer engines from the selected engine family. Otherwise, test at least
four engines.
(2) If you successfully complete an in-use test program on an engine
family and later certify an equivalent engine family with carryover
emission data, as described in Sec. 1045.235(d)(1), then test at least
one engine instead of the testing rates in paragraph (c)(1) of this
section.
(3) If you test the minimum required number of engines and all
comply fully with emission standards, you may stop testing.
(4) For each engine that fails any applicable emission standard,
test two more. Regardless of measured emission levels, you do not have
to test more than ten engines in an engine family. You may do more tests
than we require.
(5) You may concede that the engine family does not comply before
testing a total of ten engines.
(6) In appropriate extreme and unusual circumstances that could not
have been avoided by the exercise of prudence, diligence, and due care,
we may waive the in-use testing requirement for an engine family.
(d) You may do minimal maintenance to set components of a test
engine to specifications for anything we do not consider an adjustable
parameter (see Sec. 1045.205(r)). Limit maintenance to what is in the
owner's instructions for engines with that amount of service and age.
Document all maintenance and adjustments.
(e) You may do repeat measurements with a test engine; however, you
must conduct the same number of tests on each engine.
(f) For a test program on an engine family, choose one of the
following methods to test your engines:
(1) Remove the selected engines for testing in a laboratory. Use the
applicable procedures in subpart F of this part to show compliance with
the duty-cycle standards in Sec. 1045.103(a) or Sec. 1045.105(a). We
may direct you to measure emissions on the dynamometer using the test
procedures in Sec. 1045.515 to show compliance with the not-to-exceed
standards in Sec. 1045.107.
(2) Test the selected engines while they remain installed in the
vessel. Use the procedures in Sec. 1045.515. Measure emissions during
normal operation of the vessel to show compliance with the not-to-exceed
standards in Sec. 1045.107. We may direct you to include specific areas
of normal operation.
(g) You may ask us to waive parts of the prescribed test procedures
if they are not necessary to determine in-use compliance.
(h) Calculate the average emission levels for an engine family from
the results for the set of tested engines. Round them to the number of
decimal places in the emission standards expressed to one more decimal
place.

Sec. 1045.415 What happens if in-use engines do not meet requirements?

(a) Determine the reason each in-use engine exceeds the emission
standards.

[[Page 400]]

(b) If the average emission levels calculated in Sec. 1045.410(h)
exceed any of the emission standards that apply, notify us within
fifteen days of completing testing on this family. Otherwise follow the
reporting instructions in Sec. 1045.420.
(c) We will consider failure rates, average emission levels, and any
defects--among other things--to decide on taking remedial action under
this subpart (see 40 CFR 1068.505). We may consider the results from any
voluntary additional testing you perform. We may also consider
information related to testing from other engine families showing that
you designed them to exceed the minimum requirements for controlling
emissions. We may order a recall before or after you complete testing of
an engine family if we determine a substantial number of engines do not
conform to section 213 of the Clean Air Act or to this part. The scope
of the recall may include other engine families in the same or different
model years if the cause of the problem identified in paragraph (a) of
this section applies more broadly than the tested engine family, as
allowed by the Clean Air Act.
(d) If in-use testing reveals a design or manufacturing defect that
prevents engines from meeting the requirements of this part, you must
correct the defect as soon as possible for any future production for
engines in every family affected by the defect. See 40 CFR 1068.501 for
additional requirements related to defect reporting.
(e) You may voluntarily recall an engine family for emission
failures, as described in 40 CFR 1068.535, unless we have ordered a
recall for that family under 40 CFR 1068.505.
(f) You have the right to a hearing before we order you to recall
your engines or implement an alternative remedy (see Sec. 1045.820).

Sec. 1045.420 What in-use testing information must I report to EPA?

(a) In a report to us within three months after you finish testing
an engine family, do all the following:
(1) Identify the engine family, model, serial number, and date of
manufacture.
(2) [Reserved]
(3) Describe the specific reasons for disqualifying any engines for
not being properly maintained or used.
(4) For each engine selected for testing, include the following
information:
(i) Estimate the hours each engine was used before testing.
(ii) Describe all maintenance, adjustments, modifications, and
repairs to each test engine.
(5) State the date and time of each test attempt.
(6) Include the results of all emission testing, including
incomplete or invalidated tests, if any.
(b) Send electronic reports of in-use testing to the Designated
Compliance Officer using an approved information format. If you want to
use a different format, send us a written request with justification for
a waiver.
(c) We will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public
who asks for them. See Sec. 1045.815 for information on how we treat
information you consider confidential.
(d) We may ask for more information.

Sec. 1045.425 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this section.
We may review your records at any time, so it is important to keep
required information readily available.
(b) Keep paper records of your in-use testing for one full year
after you complete all the testing required for an engine family in a
model year. You may use any additional storage formats or media if you
like.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1045.420.
(d) Keep any additional records related to the procurement process.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

Sec. 1045.501 How do I run a valid emission test?

[[Page 401]]

duty-cycle emission standards in Sec. Sec. 1045.103 and 1045.105.
Measure the emissions of all exhaust constituents subject to emissions
standards as specified in 40 CFR part 1065. Measure CO2,
N2O, and CH4 as described in Sec. 1045.235. Use
the applicable duty cycles specified in Sec. 1045.505. Section 1045.515
describes the supplemental procedures for evaluating whether engines
meet the not-to-exceed emission standards in Sec. 1045.107.
(c) Fuels. Use the fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR part
1065, subpart H, for all the testing we require in this part, except as
specified in Sec. 1045.515. Use gasoline meeting the specifications
described in 40 CFR 1065.710 for general testing. For service
accumulation, use the test fuel or any commercially available fuel that
is representative of the fuel that in-use engines will use. You may
alternatively use gasoline blended with ethanol as follows:
(1) You may use the ethanol-blended fuel for certifying engines
under this part without our advance approval. If you use the blended
fuel for certifying a given engine family, you may also use it for
production-line testing or any other testing you perform for that engine
family under this part. If you use the blended fuel for certifying a
given engine family, we may use the blended fuel or the specified
gasoline test fuel with that engine family.
(2) The blended fuel must consist of a mix of gasoline meeting the
specifications described in 40 CFR 1065.710 for general testing and
fuel-grade ethanol meeting the specifications described in 40 CFR
1060.501(c) such that the blended fuel has 10.0+1.0 percent ethanol by
volume. You may also use ethanol with a higher or lower purity if you
show us that it will not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance
with the applicable emission standards. You do not need to measure the
ethanol concentration of such blended fuels and may instead calculate
the blended composition by assuming that the ethanol is pure and mixes
perfectly with the base fuel.
(d) Laboratory conditions. Ambient conditions for duty-cycle testing
must be within ranges specified in 40 CFR 1065.520, subject to the
provisions of Sec. 1045.115(d). Emissions may not be corrected for the
effects of test temperature or pressure. Humidity levels must represent
actual in-use humidity levels; however, you may correct emissions for
humidity as specified in 40 CFR 1065.670.
(e) Engine stabilization. Instead of the provisions of 40 CFR
1065.405, you may consider emission levels stable without measurement
after 12 hours of engine operation.
(f) Maximum test speed. Instead of the provisions of 40 CFR
1065.510(f), you may declare a value of maximum test speed for
laboratory testing that is within 500 rpm of the corresponding measured
value for maximum test speed.
(g) Special and alternate procedures. If you are unable to run the
duty cycle specified in this part for your engine (such as with
constant-speed engines), use an alternate test cycle that will result in
a cycle-weighted emission measurement equivalent to the expected average
in-use emissions. This cycle must be approved under 40 CFR 1065.10. You
may use other special or alternate procedures to the extent we allow
them under 40 CFR 1065.10.
(h) Laboratory testing with portable analyzers. You may use field-
grade equipment for any laboratory testing with high-performance
engines, as specified in 40 CFR 1065.901(b), without requesting
approval.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56510, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1045.505 How do I test engines using discrete-mode or ramped-modal duty

cycles?

(a) This section describes how to test engines under steady-state
conditions. We allow you to perform tests with either discrete-mode or
ramped-modal sampling. You must use the modal testing method for
certification and all other testing you perform for an engine family. If
we test your engines to confirm that they meet emission standards, we
will use the modal testing method you select for your own testing. If
you submit certification test data collected with both discrete-mode and
ramped-modal testing (either in your original application or in an
amendment to your application), either method may be used for subsequent
testing. We may also perform other

[[Page 402]]

testing as allowed by the Clean Air Act. Conduct duty-cycle testing as
follows:
(1) For discrete-mode testing, sample emissions separately for each
mode, then calculate an average emission level for the whole cycle using
the weighting factors specified for each mode. In each mode, operate the
engine for at least 5 minutes, then sample emissions for at least 1
minute. Calculate cycle statistics and compare with the established
criteria as specified in 40 CFR 1065.514 to confirm that the test is
valid.
(2) For ramped-modal testing, start sampling at the beginning of the
first mode and continue sampling until the end of the last mode.
Calculate emissions and cycle statistics the same as for transient
testing as specified in 40 CFR part 1065.
(b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer to
determine whether it meets the emission standards in Sec. Sec.
1045.103(a) and 1045.105(a). Use the 5-mode duty cycle or the
corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in Appendix I of this part.
(c) During idle mode, operate the engine at its warm idle speed as
described in 40 CFR 1065.510; this may involve a nonzero torque setting
if that represents in-use operation.
(d) For full-load operating modes, operate the engine at wide-open
throttle.
(e) See 40 CFR part 1065 for detailed specifications of tolerances
and calculations.

Sec. 1045.515 What are the test procedures related to not-to-exceed

standards?

(a) This section describes the procedures to determine whether your
engines meet the not-to-exceed emission standards in Sec. 1045.107.
These procedures may include any normal engine operation and ambient
conditions that the engines may experience in use. Paragraphs (b) and
(c) of this section define the limits of what we will consider normal
engine operation and ambient conditions. Use the test procedures we
specify in Sec. 1045.501, except for the provisions we specify in this
section. Measure emissions with one of the following procedures:
(1) Remove the selected engines for testing in a laboratory. You may
use an engine dynamometer to simulate normal operation, as described in
this section.
(2) Test the selected engines while they remain installed on a
vessel. In 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J, we describe the equipment and
sampling methods for testing engines in the field. Use fuel meeting the
specifications of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H, or a fuel typical of what
you would expect the engine to use in service.
(b) Engine testing may occur under a range of ambient conditions as
follows:
(1) Engine testing may occur under the following ranges of ambient
conditions without correcting measured emission levels:
(i) Barometric pressure must be between 94.0 and 103.325 kPa.
(ii) Ambient air temperature must be between 13 and 35 [deg]C.
(iii) Ambient water temperature must be between 5 and 27 [deg]C.
(iv) Any ambient humidity level.
(2) Engine testing may occur outside the conditions described in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section, as long as measured values are
corrected to be equivalent to the nearest end of the specified range
using good engineering practice.
(c) An engine's emissions may not exceed the NTE standards in Sec.
1045.107 under the following ranges of engine operation:
(1) The sampling period may not begin until the engine has reached
stable operating temperatures. For example, this would exclude engine
operation after starting until the thermostat starts modulating coolant
temperature. The sampling period may also not include engine starting.
For testing under paragraphs (c)(4) and (6) of this section, the NTE
standards apply for any continuous sampling period of at least 30
seconds.
(2) Engine operation during the emission sampling period may include
any nominally steady-state combination of speeds and loads within the
applicable zone defined by segments on an engine's power vs. speed map
specified in paragraphs (c)(3) through (6) of this section, except as
follows:
(i) You may request that we specify a narrower zone, as long as the
modified

[[Page 403]]

zone includes all points where your engines are expected to normally
operate in use, but not including any points at which engine speed is
below 40 percent of maximum test speed or engine load is below 25.3
percent of maximum torque at maximum test speed. However, we may perform
valid tests at any speeds and loads within the zones specified in
paragraphs (c)(3) through (6) of this section that we observe with in-
use engines. The engine must comply with emission standards at all such
speeds and loads unless we determine that one of following criteria are
true:
(A) Such speeds and loads occur very infrequently. This
determination may consider whether the operation would be expected to
result in damage to the engine or vessel or be inherently unsafe.
(B) Such speeds and loads result from the engine being installed in
a manner that is not consistent with your emission-related installation
instructions.
(ii) You must notify us if you design your engines for normal in-use
operation outside the specified zone. If we learn that normal in-use
operation for your engines includes other speeds and loads, we may
specify a broader zone, as long as the modified zone is limited to
normal in-use operation for speeds greater than 40 percent of maximum
test speed and loads greater than 25.3 percent of maximum torque at
maximum test speed.
(3) The NTE zone for testing engines under this section is defined
by the following segments on an engine's torque vs. speed map, as
illustrated in Figures 1 through 3 of this section:
(i) Speed at or above 40 percent of maximum test speed.
(ii) Speeds and torques below the line defined by the following
equation:

Normalized torque = 1.5 x normalized speed-0.16

(iii) Speeds and torques at or below the engine's mapped torque
values.
(iv) Speeds at or below 100 percent of maximum test speed, except as
specified in paragraph (c)(5) of this section.
(v) Speeds and torques above the line defined by the following
equation:

Normalized torque = (normalized speed)\1.5\-0.08

(vi) Torques at or above 25.3 percent of maximum torque at maximum
test speed, except as specified in paragraph (c)(5) of this section.
(4) For engines equipped with a catalyst, the NTE zone described in
paragraph (c)(3) of this section is divided into the following subzones
for determining the applicable NTE standards, as illustrated in Figure 1
of this section:
(i) Subzone 1 includes all operation in the NTE zone characterized
by speeds and torques above the line represented by the following
equation:

(percent torque) = 1.2-0.5 x (percent speed)

(ii) Subzone 2 includes all operation in the NTE zone not included
in Subzone 1.

[[Page 404]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.075

(5) For two-stroke engines not equipped with a catalyst, the NTE
zone described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section is divided into
subzones for testing to determine compliance with the applicable NTE
standards. Measure emissions to get an NTE result by collecting
emissions at five points as described in this paragraph (c)(5).
Calculate a weighted test result for these emission measurements using
the weighting factors from Appendix II of this part for the
corresponding modal result (similar to discrete-mode testing for
certification). Test engines over the following modes corresponding to
the certification duty cycle:
(i) Mode 1: Operate the engine at wide open throttle. For laboratory
testing, this may involve any torque value between the boundaries
specified in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
(ii) Mode 2: Operate the engine at a nominal speed that is 80
percent of maximum test speed at any torque value between the boundaries
specified in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
(iii) Mode 3: Operate the engine at a nominal speed that is 60
percent of maximum test speed at any torque value between the boundaries
specified in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
(iv) Mode 4: Operate the engine at a nominal speed that is 40
percent of maximum test speed at any torque value between the boundaries
specified in paragraphs (c)(3)(ii) and (v) of this section.
(v) Mode 5: Operate the engine at idle.

[[Page 405]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.076

(6) For any engines not covered by paragraphs (c)(4) and (5) of this
section, the NTE zone described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section is
divided into the following subzones for determining the applicable NTE
standards, as illustrated in Figure 2 of this section:
(i) Subzone 1 includes all operation in the NTE zone at speeds above
50 percent of maximum test speed.
(ii) Subzone 2 includes all operation in the NTE zone not included
in Subzone 1.

[[Page 406]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.077

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23020, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.520 What testing must I perform to establish deterioration factors?

Sections 1045.240 and 1045.245 describe the required methods for
testing to establish deterioration factors for an engine family.

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1045.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines?

Engine and vessel manufacturers, as well as owners, operators, and
rebuilders of engines subject to the requirements of this part, and all
other persons, must observe the provisions of this part, the
requirements and prohibitions in 40 CFR part 1068, and the provisions of
the Clean Air Act.

Sec. 1045.605 What provisions apply to engines already certified under the

motor vehicle or Large SI programs?

(a) General provisions. If you are an engine manufacturer, this
section allows you to introduce new propulsion marine engines into U.S.
commerce if they are already certified to the requirements that apply to
spark-ignition engines under 40 CFR parts 85 and 86 or part 1048 for the
appropriate model year. If you comply with all the provisions of this
section, we consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048
for each engine to also be a valid certificate of conformity under this
part 1045 for its model year, without a separate application for
certification under the requirements of this part 1045.
(b) Vessel-manufacturer provisions. If you are not an engine
manufacturer, you may produce vessels using motor vehicle engines or
nonroad spark-ignition engines under this section as long

[[Page 407]]

as you meet all the requirements and conditions specified in paragraph
(d) of this section. If you modify the engine in any of the ways
described in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, we will consider you a
manufacturer of a new propulsion marine engine. Such engine
modifications prevent you from using the provisions of this section.
(c) Liability. Engines for which you meet the requirements of this
section are exempt from all the requirements and prohibitions of this
part, except for those specified in this section. Engines exempted under
this section must meet all the applicable requirements from 40 CFR parts
85 and 86, or part 1048. This applies to engine manufacturers, vessel
manufacturers who use these engines, and all other persons as if these
engines were used in applications other than for installation as
propulsion marine engines. The prohibited acts of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1)
apply to these new engines and vessels; however, we consider the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048 for each engine to also
be a valid certificate of conformity under this part 1045 for its model
year. If we make a determination that these engines do not conform to
the regulations during their useful life, we may require you to recall
them under 40 CFR part 86 or 1068.
(d) Specific requirements. If you are an engine or vessel
manufacturer and meet all the following criteria and requirements
regarding your new propulsion marine engine, the engine is eligible for
an exemption under this section:
(1) Your engine must be covered by a valid certificate of conformity
issued under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048.
(2) You must not make any changes to the certified engine that could
reasonably be expected to increase its exhaust emissions for any
pollutant, or its evaporative emissions. For example, if you make any of
the following changes to one of these engines, you do not qualify for
this exemption:
(i) Change any fuel-system or evaporative-system parameters from the
certified configuration (this does not apply to refueling controls).
(ii) Change, remove, or fail to properly install any other
component, element of design, or calibration specified in the engine
manufacturer's application for certification. This includes
aftertreatment devices and all related components.
(iii) Modify or design the marine engine cooling system so that
temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the original engine
manufacturer's specified ranges.
(3) You must show that fewer than 10 percent of the engine family's
total sales in the United States are used in marine applications. This
includes engines used in any application without regard to which company
manufactures the vessel or equipment. Show this as follows:
(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the engine, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must get the original manufacturer of
the engine to confirm this based on its sales information.
(4) You must ensure that the engine has the label we require under
40 CFR part 86 or 1048.
(5) You must add a permanent supplemental label to the engine in a
position where it will remain clearly visible after installation in the
vessel. In the supplemental label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``MARINE ENGINE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION''.
(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may instead
include the full corporate name and trademark of another company you
choose to designate.
(iii) State: ``THIS ENGINE WAS ADAPTED FOR MARINE USE WITHOUT
AFFECTING ITS EMISSION CONTROLS.''
(iv) If the modified engine is certified as a motor vehicle engine,
also state: ``THE EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM DEPENDS ON THE USE OF FUEL
MEETING SPECIFICATIONS THAT APPLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLE APPLICATIONS.
OPERATING THE ENGINE ON OTHER FUELS MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW.''
(v) State the date you finished modifying the engine (month and
year), if applicable.
(6) The original and supplemental labels must be readily visible
after the engine is installed in the vessel or, if

[[Page 408]]

the vessel obscures the engine's emission control information label, the
vessel manufacturer must attach duplicate labels, as described in 40 CFR
1068.105.
(7) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a signed letter by the
end of each calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the
following information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the engine or vessel models you expect to produce under
this exemption in the coming year and describe your basis for meeting
the sales restrictions of paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(iii) State: ``We produce each listed [engine or vessel] model
without making any changes that could increase its certified emission
levels, as described in 40 CFR 1045.605.''
(e) Failure to comply. If your engines do not meet the criteria
listed in paragraph (d) of this section, they will be subject to the
standards, requirements, and prohibitions of this part 1045 and the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048 will not be deemed to
also be a certificate issued under this part 1045. Introducing these
engines into U.S. commerce without a valid exemption or certificate of
conformity under this part violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1).
(f) Data submission. We may require you to send us emission test
data on one of the duty cycles specified in subpart F of this part.
(g) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Engines adapted
for marine use under this section may not generate or use emission
credits under this part 1045. These engines may generate credits under
the ABT provisions in 40 CFR part 86. These engines must use emission
credits under 40 CFR part 86 if they are certified to an FEL above a
standard that applies under 40 CFR part 86.

Sec. 1045.610 What provisions apply to using engines already certified to

Small SI emission standards?

This section applies to marine engines that are identical to land-
based engines certified under 40 CFR part 90 or 1054. See Sec. 1045.605
for provisions that apply to marine engines that are certified under
other programs.
(a) If an engine meets all the following criteria, it is exempt from
the requirements of this part:
(1) The engine must be in an engine family that has a valid
certificate of conformity showing that it meets emission standards for
nonhandheld engines under 40 CFR part 90 or 1054 for the appropriate
model year.
(2) You must show that fewer than 5 percent of the engine family's
total sales in the United States are used in marine applications. This
includes engines used in any application without regard to which company
manufactures the vessel or equipment.
Show this as follows:
(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the engine, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must get the original manufacturer of
the engine to confirm this based on its sales information.
(b) The only requirements or prohibitions from this part that apply
to an engine that meets the criteria in paragraph (a) of this section
are in this section.
(c) Engines exempted under this section are subject to all the
requirements affecting engines under 40 CFR part 90 or 1054. The
requirements and restrictions of 40 CFR part 90 or 1054 apply to anyone
manufacturing these engines, anyone manufacturing equipment that uses
these engines, and all other persons in the same manner as if these
engines were not used as propulsion marine engines.
(d) You may use the provisions of Sec. 1045.605 in addition to the
provisions of this section for engines certified under 40 CFR part 1054.
Where Sec. 1045.605 references 40 CFR parts 85, 86, and/or 1048, apply
the applicable provisions of 40 CFR part 1054 instead. Include the
engines you sell under this section in your demonstration that you meet
the sales limit in Sec. 1045.605(d)(3).

Sec. 1045.620 What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for

competition?

The provisions of this section apply for new engines and vessels
built on or after January 1, 2010.

[[Page 409]]

(a) We may grant you an exemption from the standards and
requirements of this part for a new engine on the grounds that it is to
be used solely for competition. The requirements of this part, other
than those in this section, do not apply to engines that we exempt for
use solely for competition.
(b) We will exempt engines that we determine will be used solely for
competition. The basis of our determination is described in paragraphs
(c) and (d) of this section. Exemptions granted under this section are
good for only one model year and you must request renewal for each
subsequent model year. We will not approve your renewal request if we
determine the engine will not be used solely for competition.
(c) Engines meeting all the following criteria are considered to be
used solely for competition:
(1) Neither the engine nor any vessels containing the engine may be
displayed for sale in any public dealership or otherwise offered for
sale to the general public. Note that this does not preclude display of
these engines as long as they are not available for sale to the general
public.
(2) Sale of the vessel in which the engine is installed must be
limited to professional racing teams, professional racers, or other
qualified racers. For replacement engines, the sale of the engine itself
must be limited to professional racing teams, professional racers, other
qualified racers, or to the original vessel manufacturer.
(3) The engine and the vessel in which it is installed must have
performance characteristics that are substantially superior to
noncompetitive models.
(4) The engines are intended for use only as specified in paragraph
(e) of this section.
(d) You may ask us to approve an exemption for engines not meeting
the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this section as long as you have
clear and convincing evidence that the engines will be used solely for
competition.
(e) Engines are considered to be used solely for competition only if
their use is limited to competition events sanctioned by the U.S. Coast
Guard or another public organization with authorizing permits for
participating competitors. Operation of such engines may include only
racing events, trials to qualify for racing events, and practice
associated with racing events. Authorized attempts to set speed records
are also considered racing events. Engines will not be considered to be
used solely for competition if they are ever used for any recreational
or other noncompetitive purpose. Use of exempt engines in any
recreational events, such as poker runs and lobsterboat races, is a
violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(4).
(f) You must permanently label engines exempted under this section
to clearly indicate that they are to be used only for competition.
Failure to properly label an engine will void the exemption for that
engine.
(g) If we request it, you must provide us any information we need to
determine whether the engines are used solely for competition. This
would include documentation regarding the number of engines and the
ultimate purchaser of each engine as well as any documentation showing a
vessel manufacturer's request for an exempted engine. Keep these records
for five years.

Sec. 1045.625 What requirements apply under the Diurnal Transition Program?

The provisions of this section allow vessel manufacturers to produce
a certain number of vessels with installed fuel tanks that do not meet
the diurnal emission standards specified in Sec. 1045.112(d) and 40 CFR
1060.105. The provisions of this section do not apply for portable
marine fuel tanks, personal watercraft, or outboard engines with under-
cowl fuel tanks. Vessels you produce under this section are exempt from
the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) with respect to diurnal
emissions, subject to the provisions of this section.
(a) General. If you are a vessel manufacturer, you may introduce
into U.S. commerce limited numbers of exempted vessels under this
section. You may use the exemptions in this section only if you have
primary responsibility for designing and manufacturing vessels and your
manufacturing procedures include installing some engines in these
vessels. Consider all U.S.-directed vessel sales in showing that you
meet the

[[Page 410]]

requirements of this section, including those from any parent or
subsidiary companies and those from any other companies you license to
produce vessels for you. These provisions are available for vessels you
produce during the periods specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
(b) Allowances. You may choose one of the following options to
produce exempted vessels under this section:
(1) Percent-of-production allowances. You may produce up to 50
percent of your vessels from July 31, 2011 through July 31, 2012 that
are exempt from the diurnal emission standards. Calculate this
percentage based on your total U.S.-directed production volume.
(2) Small-volume allowances. Small-volume vessel manufacturers may
produce up to 1200 vessels from July 31, 2011 through July 31, 2013 that
are exempt from the diurnal emission standards.
(c) Vessel labeling. You must add a permanent label, written legibly
in English, to a readily visible part of each exempted vessel you
produce under this section. You may combine this with the label required
under 40 CFR 1060.135. This label must include at least the following
items:
(1) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Your corporate name and trademark.
(3) The vessel's date of manufacture.
(4) The following statement: ``THIS VESSEL IS EXEMPT FROM DIURNAL
STANDARDS UNDER 40 CFR 1045.625.''
(d) Notification and reporting. You must notify us of your intent to
use the provisions of this section and send us an annual report to
verify that you are not exceeding the allowances, as follows:
(1) Before you produce vessels that are exempt under this section,
send the Designated Compliance Officer a written notice of your intent
with the following information:
(i) Identify your company's name and address, and your parent
company's name and address, if applicable.
(ii) Identify the name, e-mail address, and phone number of a person
to contact for further information.
(iii) Identify the name and address of the company you expect to
produce the fuel tanks you will be using for the vessels exempted under
this section.
(iv) If you qualify as a small-volume vessel manufacturer, state
whether you will comply under paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this
section.
(v) Include your production figures for the period from July 31,
2009 through July 31, 2010, including figures broken down by model.
(2) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a written report by
December 31, 2012. If you are a small-volume manufacturer using the
provisions of paragraph (b)(2) of this section to produce exempted
vessels after July 31, 2012, send us a second report by December 31,
2013. These reports must include the total number of vessels and the
number of exempted vessels you sold in the preceding year for each
model, based on actual U.S.-directed production information. You may
omit the count of compliant vessels if you include in the report a
statement that you are not using the percent-of-production allowances in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section. If you initially comply using the
percent-of-production allowances in paragraph (b)(1) of this section,
you may not use the small-volume allowances in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section for later production.
(3) If you send your initial notification under paragraph (d)(1) of
this section after the specified deadline, we may approve your use of
allowances under this section. In your request, describe why you were
unable to meet the deadline. We will not approve your request if the
delay could have been avoided with reasonable care and discretion.
(e) Recordkeeping. Keep the following records of all exempted
vessels you produce under this section:
(1) The model number, serial number, and the date of manufacture for
each vessel.
(2) The total number or percentage of exempted vessels as described
in paragraph (b) of this section and all documentation supporting your
calculation.
(3) The notifications and reports we require under paragraph (d) of
this section.
(f) Provisions for fuel tank manufacturers. As a fuel tank
manufacturer, you may produce fuel tanks as needed for

[[Page 411]]

vessel manufacturers under this section without our prior approval.
These fuel tanks are exempt from the diurnal emission standards. Note
that this diurnal exemption does not affect the requirements related to
permeation emissions specified in Sec. 1045.112. You must have written
assurance from vessel manufacturers that they need a certain number of
exempted fuel tanks under this section. You must keep records of the
number of exempted fuel tanks you sell to each vessel manufacturer.
(g) Enforcement. Producing more exempted vessels than we allow under
this section violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1). Vessel
manufacturers and fuel tank manufacturers must keep the records we
require under this section until at least December 31, 2017 and give
them to us if we ask for them (see 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2)).

Sec. 1045.630 What is the personal-use exemption.

This section applies to individuals who manufacture recreational
vessels for personal use with used engines. If you and your vessel meet
all the conditions of this section, the vessel and its engine are
considered to be exempt from the standards and requirements of this part
that apply to new engines, including standards and requirements related
to evaporative emissions. For example, you are not required to use
certified fuel system components or otherwise obtain certificates of
conformity showing that the vessel meets evaporative emission standards,
and you do not need to install a certified engine.
(a) The vessel may not be manufactured from a previously certified
vessel, nor may it be manufactured from a partially complete vessel that
is equivalent to a certified vessel. The vessel must be manufactured
primarily from unassembled components, but may incorporate some
preassembled components. For example, fully preassembled steering
assemblies may be used. You may also power the vessel with an engine
that was previously used in a highway or land-based nonroad application.
(b) The vessel may not be sold within five years after the date of
final assembly.
(c) No individual may manufacture more than one vessel in any five-
year period under this exemption.
(d) You may not use the vessel in any revenue-generating service or
for any other commercial purpose. For example, this exemption does not
apply for vessels used in commercial fishing or charter service.
(e) This exemption may not be used to circumvent the requirements of
this part or the requirements of the Clean Air Act. For example, this
exemption would not cover a case in which a person sells an almost
completely assembled vessel to another person, who would then complete
the assembly. This would be considered equivalent to the sale of the
complete new vessel. This section also does not allow engine
manufacturers to produce new engines that are exempt from emission
standards and it does not provide an exemption from the prohibition
against tampering with certified engines.

Sec. 1045.635 What special provisions apply for small-volume engine

manufacturers?

This section describes how we apply the special provisions in this
part for small-volume engine manufacturers.
(a) Special provisions apply for certain small-volume engine
manufacturers, as illustrated by the following examples:
(1) Additional lead time and other provisions related to the
transition to new emission standards. See Sec. 1045.145.
(2) More flexible arrangements for creating engine families for
high-performance engines. See Sec. 1045.230.
(3) Assigned deterioration factors. See Sec. 1045.240.
(4) Waived requirements for production-line testing. See Sec.
1045.301.
(5) Additional special provisions apply for small-volume engine and
vessel manufacturers. For example, see Sec. 1045.625 and 40 CFR
1068.250.
(b) If you use any of the provisions of this part that apply
specifically to small-volume engine manufacturers and we find that you
do not qualify to use these provisions, we may consider you to be in
violation of the requirements that apply for companies that are not
small-volume engine manufacturers. If your number of employees

[[Page 412]]

grows to the point that you no longer qualify as a small-volume engine
manufacturer, we will work with you to determine a reasonable schedule
for complying with additional requirements that apply. For example, if
you no longer qualify as a small-volume engine manufacturer shortly
before you certify your engines for the next model year, we might allow
you to use assigned deterioration factors for one more model year.

Sec. 1045.640 What special provisions apply to branded engines?

The following provisions apply if you identify the name and
trademark of another company instead of your own on your emission
control information label, as provided by Sec. 1045.135(c)(2):
(a) You must have a contractual agreement with the other company
that obligates that company to take the following steps:
(1) Meet the emission warranty requirements that apply under Sec.
1045.120. This may involve a separate agreement involving reimbursement
of warranty-related expenses.
(2) Report all warranty-related information to the certificate
holder.
(b) In your application for certification, identify the company
whose trademark you will use.
(c) You remain responsible for meeting all the requirements of this
chapter, including warranty and defect-reporting provisions.

Sec. 1045.645 What special provisions apply for converting an engine to use

an alternate fuel?

A certificate of conformity is no longer valid for an engine if the
engine is modified such that it is not in a configuration covered by the
certificate. This section applies if such modifications are done to
convert the engine to run on a different fuel type. Such engines may
need to be recertified as specified in this section if the certificate
is no longer valid for that engine.
(a) Converting a certified new engine to run on a different fuel
type violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) if the modified engine is not
covered by a certificate of conformity.
(b) Converting a certified engine that is not new to run on a
different fuel type violates 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1) if the modified
engine is not covered by a certificate of conformity. We may specify
alternate certification provisions consistent with the requirements of
this part. For example, you may certify the modified engine for a
partial useful life. For example, if the engine is modified halfway
through its original useful life period, you may generally certify the
engine based on completing the original useful life period; or if the
engine is modified after the original useful life period is past, you
may generally certify the engine based on testing that does not involve
further durability demonstration.
(c) Engines may be certified using the certification procedures for
new engines as specified in this part or using the certification
procedures for aftermarket parts as specified in 40 CFR part 85, subpart
V. Unless the original engine manufacturer continues to be responsible
for the engine as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, you must
remove the original engine manufacturer's emission control information
label if you recertify the engine.
(d) The original manufacturer is not responsible for operation of
modified engines in configurations resulting from modifications
performed by others. In cases where the modification allows an engine to
be operated in either its original configuration or a modified
configuration, the original manufacturer remains responsible for
operation of the modified engine in its original configuration.
(e) Entities producing conversion kits may obtain certificates of
conformity for the converted engines. Such entities are engine
manufacturers for purposes of this part.

Sec. 1045.650 Do delegated-assembly provisions apply for marine engines?

The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.261 related to delegated final
assembly do not apply for marine spark-ignition engines certified under
this part 1045. This means that for engines requiring exhaust
aftertreatment (such as catalysts), the engine manufacturers must either
install the aftertreatment on the engine before introducing it into

[[Page 413]]

U.S. commerce or ship the aftertreatment along with the engine.

Sec. 1045.655 What special provisions apply for installing and removing

altitude kits?

An action for the purpose of installing or modifying altitude kits
and performing other changes to compensate for changing altitude is not
considered a prohibited act under 40 CFR 1068.101(b) as long as as it is
done consistent with the manufacturer's instructions.

Sec. 1045.660 How do I certify outboard or personal watercraft engines for

use in jet boats?

(a) This section describes how to certify outboard or personal
watercraft engines for use in jet boats. To be certified under this
section, the jet boat engines must be identical in all physical respects
to the corresponding outboard or personal watercraft engines, but may
differ slightly with respect to engine calibrations.
(b) The outboard or personal watercraft engines must meet all the
applicable requirements for outboard or personal watercraft engines. Jet
boat engines certified under this section must meet all the applicable
requirements for sterndrive/inboard engines.
(c) The jet boat engines must be in an engine family separate from
the corresponding outboard or personal watercraft engines.
(d) Jet boat engine families may use emission credits from outboard
or personal watercraft engine families, as described in Sec.
1045.701(d).
(e) Jet-boat engines certified under the provisions of this section
must meet emission standards over the same useful-life period that
applies to the corresponding outboard or personal watercraft engine
family, as described in Sec. 1045.103(e).

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

Sec. 1045.701 General provisions.

[[Page 414]]

engine model from an outboard or personal watercraft family. Such
emission credits that you generate under this part 1045 may be used for
averaging, but not for banking or trading. The FEL caps for such jet
boat families are the HC+NOX and CO standard for outboard and
personal watercraft engines. U.S.-directed sales from jet boat engines
using the provisions of this paragraph (d) may not be greater than the
U.S.-directed sales of the same engine model for outboard or personal
watercraft engines.
(e) You may not generate evaporative credits based on permeation
measurements from metal fuel tanks or portable marine fuel tanks.
(f) You may not use emission credits generated under this subpart to
offset any emissions that exceed an FEL or standard. This applies for
all testing, including certification testing, in-use testing, selective
enforcement audits, and other production-line testing. However, if
exhaust emissions from an engine exceed an exhaust FEL or standard (for
example, during a selective enforcement audit), you may use emission
credits to recertify the family with a higher FEL that applies only to
future production.
(g) Emission credits may be used for averaging in the model year
they are generated or banked for averaging in future model years, except
that CO emission credits for outboard and personal watercraft engines
may not be banked or traded.
(h) You may increase or decrease an exhaust FEL during the model
year by amending your application for certification under Sec.
1045.225.
(i) Engine and vessel manufacturers certifying with respect to
evaporative emissions may use emission credits to demonstrate compliance
under this subpart. Component manufacturers may establish FELs for their
certified products, but they may not generate or use emission credits
under this subpart.
(j) In your application for certification, base your showing of
compliance on projected production volumes for engines or vessels
intended for sale in the United States. As described in Sec. 1045.730,
compliance with the requirements of this subpart is determined at the
end of the model year based on actual production volumes for engines or
vessels intended for sale in the United States. Do not include any of
the following engines or vessels to calculate emission credits:
(1) Engines or vessels exempted under subpart G of this part or
under 40 CFR part 1068.
(2) Engines or vessels intended for export.
(3) Engines or vessels that are subject to state emission standards
for that model year. However, this restriction does not apply if we
determine that the state standards and requirements are equivalent to
those of this part and that products sold in such a state will not
generate credits under the state program. For example, you may not
include engines or vessels certified for California if California has
more stringent emission standards for these products or if your products
generate or use emission credits under the California program.
(4) Engines or vessels not subject to the requirements of this part,
such as those excluded under Sec. 1045.5.
(5) Any other engines or vessels where we indicate elsewhere in this
part 1045 that they are not to be included in the calculations of this
subpart.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23020, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.705 How do I generate and calculate exhaust emission credits?

The provisions of this section apply for calculating exhaust
emission credits for HC+NOX or CO. You may generate exhaust
emission credits only if you are a certifying engine manufacturer.
(a) For each participating family, calculate positive or negative
emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission standard.
Calculate positive emission credits for a family that has an FEL below
the standard. Calculate negative emission credits for a family that has
an FEL above the standard. Sum your positive and negative credits for
the model year before rounding. Round the sum of emission credits to the
nearest kilogram (kg) using consistent units throughout the following
equation:

[[Page 415]]

Emission credits (kg) = (STD-FEL) x (Volume) x (Power) x (UL) x (LF) x
(10^-3)

Where:

STD = the emission standard, in g/kW-hr.
FEL = the family emission limit for the family, in g/kW-hr.
Volume = the number of engines eligible to participate in the averaging,
banking, and trading program within the given family during the model
year, as described in Sec. 1045.701(j).
Power = maximum engine power for the family, in kilowatts (see Sec.
1045.140).
UL = The useful life for the given family.
LF = load factor. Use 0.207. We may specify a different load factor if
we approve the use of special test procedures for an engine family under
40 CFR 1065.10(c)(2), consistent with good engineering judgment.

(b) [Reserved]

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23020, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.706 How do I generate and calculate evaporative emission credits?

The provisions of this section apply for calculating evaporative
emission credits. This applies only for fuel tank permeation. You may
generate credits only if you are a certifying vessel manufacturer. This
may include outboard engine manufacturers if they install under-cowl
fuel tanks.
(a) For each participating vessel, calculate positive or negative
emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission standard.
Calculate positive emission credits for a family that has an FEL below
the standard. Calculate negative emission credits for a family that has
an FEL above the standard. Sum your positive and negative credits for
the model year before rounding. Round the sum of emission credits to the
nearest kilogram (kg) using consistent units throughout the following
equation:

Emission credits (kg) = (STD-FEL) x (Total Area) x (UL) x (AF) x (365) x
(10^-3)
Where:

STD = the emission standard, in g/m\2\/day.
FEL = the family emission limit for the family, in g/m\2\/day, as
described in paragraph (b) of this section.
Total Area = The combined internal surface area of all fuel tanks in the
family, in m\2\.
UL = 5 years, which represents the useful life for the given family.
AF = adjustment factor. Use 1.0 for fuel tank testing performed at 28
[deg]C and 0.60 for testing performed at 40 [deg]C.

(b) For calculating credits under paragraph (a) of this section, the
emission standard and FEL must both be based on test measurements at the
same temperature (28 [deg] or 40 [deg]C). Determine the FEL for
calculating emission credits (relative to testing at 28 [deg]C) as
follows:
(1) To use an FEL below 5.0 g/m\2\/day, it must be based on emission
measurements.
(2) The provisions of this paragraph (b)(2) apply for all emission
families with FELs at or above 5.0 g/m\2\/day. To calculate emission
credits for such emission families, you must choose from one of the
following options and apply it to all your emission families with FELs
at or above 5.0 g/m\2\/day:
(i) Option 1: Establish all your FELs based on emission
measurements. This may include measurements from a certifying fuel tank
manufacturer.
(ii) Option 2: Use an assigned FEL of 10.4 g/m\2\/day. This would
apply without regard to whether any of these emission families have
measured emission levels below 10.4 g/m\2\/day. If any of your fuel
tanks were otherwise certified (by you or the fuel tank manufacturer)
with an FEL between 5.0 and 10.4 g/m\2\/day, the assigned FEL of 10.4 g/
m\2\/day applies only for emission credit calculations.

Sec. 1045.710 How do I average emission credits?

[[Page 416]]

deficit by the due date for the final report required in Sec. 1045.730.
The emission credits used to address the deficit may come from your
other families that generate emission credits in the same model year,
from emission credits you have banked, or from emission credits you
obtain through trading.

Sec. 1045.715 How do I bank emission credits?

(a) Banking is the retention of emission credits by the manufacturer
generating the emission credits for use in future model years for
averaging or trading. You may use banked emission credits only within
the averaging set in which they were generated, except as described in
this subpart.
(b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the
reports you submit under Sec. 1045.730. During the model year and
before the due date for the final report, you may designate your
reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
(c) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit
your final report. However, we may revoke these emission credits if we
are unable to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your
records.

Sec. 1045.720 How do I trade emission credits?

(a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between
manufacturers. You may use traded emission credits for averaging,
banking, or further trading transactions. Traded emission credits may be
used only within the averaging set in which they were generated, except
as described in this subpart.
(b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this
subpart. You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may revoke
these emission credits based on our review of your records or reports or
those of the company with which you traded emission credits. You may
trade banked credits within an averaging set to any certifying engine or
vessel manufacturer.
(c) If a negative emission credit balance results from a
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we
deem to involve fraud. See Sec. 1045.255(e) for cases involving fraud.
We may void the certificates of all families participating in a trade
that results in a manufacturer having a negative balance of emission
credits. See Sec. 1045.745.

Sec. 1045.725 What must I include in my application for certification?

(a) You must declare in your application for certification your
intent to use the provisions of this subpart for each family that will
be certified using the ABT program. You must also declare the FELs you
select for the family for each pollutant for which you are using the ABT
program. Your FELs must comply with the specifications of subpart B of
this part, including the FEL caps. FELs must be expressed to the same
number of decimal places as the emission standard.
(b) Include the following in your application for certification:
(1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have
a negative balance of emission credits for any averaging set when all
emission credits are calculated at the end of the year.
(2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (positive or
negative) based on projected production volumes. We may require you to
include similar calculations from your other engine families to
demonstrate that you will be able to avoid a negative credit balance for
the model year. If you project negative emission credits for a family,
state the source of positive emission credits you expect to use to
offset the negative emission credits.

Sec. 1045.730 What ABT reports must I send to EPA?

[[Page 417]]

(2) The emission standards that would otherwise apply to the family.
(3) The FEL for each pollutant. If you change the FEL after the
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new
FEL and/or give the engine identification number for the first engine
covered by the new FEL. In this case, identify each applicable FEL and
calculate the positive or negative emission credits under each FEL.
(4) The projected and actual production volumes for the model year
with a point of retail sale in the United States, as described in Sec.
1045.701(j). For fuel tanks, state the production volume in terms of
total surface area and production volume for each tank configuration and
state the total surface area for the emission family. If you changed an
FEL during the model year, identify the actual production volume
associated with each FEL.
(5) Maximum engine power for each engine configuration, and your
declared value of maximum engine power for the engine family (see Sec.
1045.140).
(6) Useful life.
(7) Calculated positive or negative emission credits for the whole
family. Identify any emission credits that you traded, as described in
paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(c) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
additional information:
(1) Show that your net balance of emission credits from all your
participating families in each averaging set in the applicable model
year is not negative.
(2) State whether you will retain any emission credits for banking.
(3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
(d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within
90 days after the transaction, as follows:
(1) As the seller, you must include the following information in
your report:
(i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) The families that generated emission credits for the trade,
including the number of emission credits from each family.
(2) As the buyer, you must include the following information in your
report:
(i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the
number of emission credits you intend to apply to each family (if
known).
(e) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(f) Correct errors in your end-of-year report or final report as
follows:
(1) You may correct any errors in your end-of-year report when you
prepare the final report as long as you send us the final report by the
time it is due.
(2) If you or we determine within 270 days after the end of the
model year that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission
credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of
emission credits. You may not make these corrections for errors that are
determined more than 270 days after the end of the model year. If you
report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow
corrections under this paragraph (f)(2).
(3) If you or we determine anytime that errors mistakenly increased
your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors and
recalculate the balance of emission credits.

Sec. 1045.735 What records must I keep?

[[Page 418]]

promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask for
them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review them
at any time.
(c) Keep a copy of the reports we require in Sec. Sec. 1045.725 and
1045.730.
(d) Keep records of the engine identification number for each engine
or vessel you produce that generates or uses emission credits under the
ABT program. You may identify these numbers as a range.
(e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us
relevant information not required by this section in accordance with the
Clean Air Act.

Sec. 1045.745 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this

subpart?

(a) For each family participating in the ABT program, the
certificate of conformity is conditional upon full compliance with the
provisions of this subpart during and after the model year. You are
responsible to establish to our satisfaction that you fully comply with
applicable requirements. We may void the certificate of conformity for a
family if you fail to comply with any provisions of this subpart.
(b) You may certify your family to an FEL above an emission standard
based on a projection that you will have enough emission credits to
offset the deficit for the family. However, we may void the certificate
of conformity if you cannot show in your final report that you have
enough actual emission credits to offset a deficit for any pollutant in
a family.
(c) We may void the certificate of conformity for a family if you
fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information we request.
(d) You may ask for a hearing if we void your certificate under this
section (see Sec. 1045.820).

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1045.801 What definitions apply to this part?

[[Page 419]]

Brake power means the usable power output of the engine, not
including power required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine,
circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment devices.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year, as described in Sec. 1045.235(d).
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in an engine family for a given pollutant from either transient or
steady-state testing.
Clean Air Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-
7671q.
Conventional sterndrive/inboard engine means a sterndrive/inboard
engine that is not a high-performance engine.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and
other related internal parts.
Critical emission-related component means any of the following
components:
(1) Electronic control units, aftertreatment devices, fuel-metering
components, EGR-system components, crankcase-ventilation valves, all
components related to charge-air compression and cooling, and all
sensors and actuators associated with any of these components.
(2) Any other component whose primary purpose is to reduce
emissions.
Date of manufacture has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Days means calendar days unless otherwise specified. For example,
when we specify working days we mean calendar days, excluding weekends
and U.S. national holidays.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy-Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement
Division (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data engine.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the
end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point (see
Sec. Sec. 1045.240 and 1045.245), expressed in one of the following
ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions
at the end of useful life to emissions at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test
point.
Discrete-mode means relating to the discrete-mode type of steady-
state test described in Sec. 1045.505.
Dual fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on two
different fuels but not on a continuous mixture of those fuels.
Emission control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants
from an engine.
Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for
certification. This includes engines tested to establish deterioration
factors.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. This includes
complete and partially complete engines.
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware
and calibration within an engine family. Engines within a single engine
configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability.

[[Page 420]]

Engine family has the meaning given in Sec. 1045.230.
Engine manufacturer means the manufacturer of the engine. See the
definition of ``manufacturer'' in this section.
Evaporative means relating to fuel emissions controlled by 40 CFR
part 1060. This generally includes emissions that result from permeation
of fuel through the fuel-system materials or from ventilation of the
fuel system.
Excluded means relating to an engine that either:
(1) Has been determined not to be a nonroad engine, as specified in
40 CFR 1068.30; or
(2) Is a nonroad engine that, according to Sec. 1045.5, is not
subject to this part 1045.
Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) means a technology that reduces
emissions by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the
combustion chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air
before or during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the
amount of residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is
mixed with incoming air before or during combustion is not considered
exhaust-gas recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer to serve in place of the emission standards specified in
subpart B of this part under the ABT program in subpart H of this part.
The family emission limit must be expressed to the same number of
decimal places as the emission standard it replaces. The family emission
limit serves as the emission standard for the engine family (exhaust) or
emission family (evaporative) with respect to all required testing.
Flexible-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on
any mixture of two or more different fuels.
Fuel line means hose, tubing, and primer bulbs containing or exposed
to liquid fuel, including hose or tubing that delivers fuel to or from
the engine, as follows:
(1) This includes flexible molded sections for transporting liquid
fuel to or from the engine, but does not include inflexible components
for connecting hose or tubing.
(2) This includes hose or tubing for the vent line or filler neck if
fuel systems are designed such that any portion of the vent-line or
filler-neck material continues to be exposed to liquid fuel after
completion of a refueling event in which an operator fills the fuel tank
using typical methods. For example, we would not consider a filler neck
to be a fuel line if an operator stops refueling after an initial
automatic shutoff that signals the fuel tank is full, where any liquid
fuel in the filler neck during the refueling procedure drains into the
fuel tank.
(3) This does not include primer bulbs that contain liquid fuel only
for priming the engine before starting.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering,
and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s),
including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel
lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system
vents. In the case where the fuel tank cap or other components
(excluding fuel lines) are directly mounted on the fuel tank, they are
considered to be a part of the fuel tank.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type,
such as low-temperature or all-season gasoline.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good
engineering judgment.
High-performance means relating to a sterndrive/inboard engine with
maximum engine power above 373 kW that has design features to enhance
power output such that the expected operating time until rebuild is
substantially shorter than 480 hours.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type, as described in subpart B of
this part.
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular engine from other similar engines.

[[Page 421]]

Jet boat means a vessel that uses an installed internal combustion
engine powering a water jet pump as its primary source of propulsion and
is designed with open area for carrying passengers. Jet boat engines
qualify as sterndrive/inboard engines.
Low-hour means relating to an engine that has stabilized emissions
and represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally
involve less than 30 hours of operation.
Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing,
constructing, and assembling an engine or vessel.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Clean
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550(1)). In general, this term includes any person
who manufactures an engine, or vessel for sale in the United States or
otherwise introduces a new marine engine into U.S. commerce. This
includes importers who import engines or vessels for resale, but not
dealers. All manufacturing entities under the control of the same person
are considered to be a single manufacturer.
Marine engine means a nonroad engine that is installed or intended
to be installed on a vessel. This includes a portable auxiliary marine
engine only if its fueling, cooling, or exhaust system is an integral
part of the vessel. There are two kinds of marine engines:
(1) Propulsion marine engine means a marine engine that moves a
vessel through the water or directs the vessel's movement.
(2) Auxiliary marine engine means a marine engine not used for
propulsion.
Marine vessel has the meaning given in 1 U.S.C. 3, except that it
does not include amphibious vehicles. The definition in 1 U.S.C. 3 very
broadly includes every craft capable of being used as a means of
transportation on water.
Maximum engine power has the meaning given in Sec. 1045.140.
Maximum test speed has one of the following meanings:
(1) For all testing with two-stroke engines and for testing four-
stroke engines on an engine dynamometer, maximum test speed has the
meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001 and Sec. 1045.501.
(2) For testing a four-stroke engine that remains installed in a
vessel, maximum test speed means the engine speed during sustained
operation with maximum operator demand.
Model year means one of the following things:
(1) For freshly manufactured vessels and engines (see definition of
``new propulsion marine engine,'' paragraph (1)), model year means one
of the following:
(i) Calendar year.
(ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different than
the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar year for
which the model year is named. It may not begin before January 2 of the
previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the named
calendar year. For seasonal production periods not including January 1,
model year means the calendar year in which the production occurs,
unless you choose to certify the applicable engine family with the
following model year. For example, if your production period is June 1,
2010 through November 30, 2010, your model year would be 2010 unless you
choose to certify the engine family for model year 2011.
(2) For an engine that is converted to a propulsion marine engine
after being certified and placed into service as a motor vehicle engine,
a nonroad engine that is not a propulsion marine engine, or a stationary
engine, model year means the calendar year in which the engine was
originally produced. For an engine that is converted to a propulsion
marine engine after being placed into service as a motor vehicle engine,
a nonroad engine that is not a propulsion marine engine, or a stationary
engine without having been certified, model year means the calendar year
in which the engine becomes a new propulsion marine engine. (See
definition of ``new propulsion marine engine,'' paragraph (2).)
(3) [Reserved]
(4) For engines that are not freshly manufactured but are installed
in new vessels, model year means the calendar year in which the engine
is installed in the new vessel (see definition of ``new propulsion
marine engine,'' paragraph (4)).
(5) For imported engines:
(i) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(i) of the
definition of

[[Page 422]]

``new propulsion marine engine,'' model year has the meaning given in
paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition.
(ii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(ii) of the
definition of ``new propulsion marine engine,'' model year means the
calendar year in which the engine is modified.
(iii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(iii) of the
definition of ``new propulsion marine nonroad engine,'' model year means
the calendar year in which the engine is first assembled in its imported
configuration, unless specified otherwise in this part or in 40 CFR part
1068.
New portable marine fuel tanks and fuel lines means portable marine
fuel tanks and fuel lines that have not yet been placed into service, or
which are otherwise offered for sales as new products.
New propulsion marine engine or new engine means any of the
following things:
(1) A freshly manufactured propulsion marine engine for which the
ultimate purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title. This
kind of engine might commonly be thought of as ``brand new.'' In the
case of this paragraph (1), the engine is new from the time it is
produced until the ultimate purchaser receives the title or the product
is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine, a
nonroad engine that is not a propulsion marine engine, or a stationary
engine that is later used or intended to be used as a propulsion marine
engine. In this case, the engine is no longer a motor vehicle,
nonpropulsion, or stationary engine and becomes a ``new propulsion
marine engine.'' The engine is no longer new when it is placed into
service as a marine propulsion engine. This paragraph (2) applies for
engines we exclude under Sec. 1045.5, where that engine is later
installed as a propulsion engine in a vessel that is covered by this
part 1045.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this
definition that is intended to be installed in a new vessel. This
generally includes installation of used engines in new vessels. The
engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title for
the vessel or the product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(5) An imported marine engine, subject to the following provisions:
(i) An imported marine engine covered by a certificate of conformity
issued under this part that meets the criteria of one or more of
paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition, where the original engine
manufacturer holds the certificate, is new as defined by those
applicable paragraphs.
(ii) An imported engine that will be covered by a certificate of
conformity issued under this part, where someone other than the original
engine manufacturer holds the certificate (such as when the engine is
modified after its initial assembly), is a new propulsion marine engine
when it is imported. It is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser
receives a title for the engine or it is placed into service, whichever
comes first.
(iii) An imported propulsion marine engine that is not covered by a
certificate of conformity issued under this part at the time of
importation is new. This addresses uncertified engines and vessels
initially placed into service that someone seeks to import into the
United States. Importation of this kind of engine (or vessel containing
such an engine) is generally prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068. However,
the importation of such an engine is not prohibited if the engine has an
earlier model year than that identified in the following table, since it
is not subject to standards:

Applicability of Emission Standards for Propulsion Marine Engines
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Initial model
year of
Engine type emission
standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outboard............................................... 1998
Personal watercraft.................................... 1999
Sterndrive/inboard..................................... 2010
------------------------------------------------------------------------

New vessel means either of the following things:
(1) A vessel for which the ultimate purchaser has never received the
equitable or legal title. The product is no longer new when the ultimate
purchaser receives this title or it is placed into service, whichever
comes first.

[[Page 423]]

(2) An imported vessel that has already been placed into service,
where it has an engine not covered by a certificate of conformity issued
under this part at the time of importation that was manufactured after
the requirements of this part start to apply (see Sec. 1045.1).
Noncompliant engine means an engine that was originally covered by a
certificate of conformity but is not in the certified configuration or
otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming engine means an engine not covered by a certificate of
conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
This generally means the difference between the emitted mass of total
hydrocarbons and the emitted mass of methane.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines, or vessels, or equipment
that include nonroad engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general,
this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle engines,
stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used
in aircraft.
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data engine on a given duty cycle before the application of any
deterioration factor.
Outboard engine means an assembly of a spark-ignition engine and
drive unit used to propel a vessel from a properly mounted position
external to the hull of the vessel. An outboard drive unit is partially
submerged during operation and can be tilted out of the water when not
in use.
Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared
by the engine manufacturer for the owner or operator to describe
appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other
information related to operating or keeping the engine. The owners
manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of
sale. The owners manual may be in paper or electronic format.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR part 1065.1001.
Personal watercraft means a vessel less than 4.0 meters (13 feet) in
length that uses an installed spark-ignition engine powering a water jet
pump as its primary source of propulsion and is designed with no open
load carrying area that would retain water. The vessel is designed to be
operated by a person or persons positioned on, rather than within the
confines of the hull. A vessel using an outboard engine as its primary
source of propulsion is not a personal watercraft.
Personal watercraft engine means a spark-ignition engine used to
propel a personal watercraft.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose.
Point of first retail sale means the location at which the initial
retail sale occurs. This generally means an equipment dealership, but
may also include an engine seller or distributor in cases where loose
engines are sold to the general public for uses such as replacement
engines.
Portable marine fuel tank has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1060.801.
Ramped-modal means relating to the ramped-modal type of steady-state
test described in Sec. 1045.505.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this
means to terminate the certificate or an exemption for an engine family.
Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically
to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing
prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to
correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic
maintenance is not appropriate.
Small-volume engine manufacturer means an engine manufacturer with
250 or fewer employees. This includes any employees working for a parent
company and all its subsidiaries.
Small-volume vessel manufacturer means a vessel manufacturer with
500 or fewer employees. This includes any employees working for a parent
company and all its subsidiaries.

[[Page 424]]

Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Steady-state means relating to emission tests in which engine speed
and load are held at a finite set of essentially constant values.
Steady-state tests are either discrete-mode tests or ramped-modal tests.
Sterndrive/inboard engine means a spark-ignition engine that is used
to propel a vessel, but is not an outboard engine or a personal
watercraft engine. A sterndrive/inboard engine may be either a
conventional sterndrive/inboard engine or a high-performance engine.
Engines on propeller-driven vessels, jet boats, air boats, and
hovercraft are all sterndrive/inboard engines.
Stoichiometric means relating to the particular ratio of air and
fuel such that if the fuel were fully oxidized, there would be no
remaining fuel or oxygen. For example, stoichiometric combustion in a
gasoline-fueled engine typically occurs at an air-to-fuel mass ratio of
about 14.7:1.
Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this
means to temporarily discontinue the certificate or an exemption for an
engine family.
Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an engine family for emission testing. This may include
testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the
specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as a
hydrocarbon with a hydrogen-to-carbon mass ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR
1065.1001. This generally means the sum of the carbon mass contributions
of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic
compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample,
expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled engines. The
hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new vessel or new
marine propulsion engine, the first person who in good faith purchases
such new vessel or new engine for purposes other than resale.
Under-cowl fuel line means a fuel line that is entirely contained
within the cowl of an outboard engine. This does not include a fuel line
that crosses through the cowl housing.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Upcoming model year for an engine family means the model year after
the one currently in production.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engine units,
subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for
which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will
be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States.
Useful life means the period during which a vehicle is required to
comply with all applicable emission standards, specified as a given
number of hours of operation or calendar years, whichever comes first.
It is the period during which an engine is required to comply with all
applicable emission standards. See Sec. Sec. 1045.103(e), 1045.105(e),
and 1045.112. If an engine has no hour meter, the specified number of
hours does not limit the period during which an in-use engine is
required to comply with emission standards unless the degree of service
accumulation can be verified separately.
Variable-speed engine means an engine that is not a constant-speed
engine.
Vessel means marine vessel.
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this means
to invalidate a certificate or an exemption both retroactively and
prospectively.
Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel
that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor Pressure
higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.

[[Page 425]]

We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.
Wide-open throttle means maximum throttle opening. Unless this is
specified at a given speed, it refers to maximum throttle opening at
maximum speed. For electronically controlled or other engines with
multiple possible fueling rates, wide-open throttle also means the
maximum fueling rate at maximum throttle opening under test conditions.

[73 FR 59194, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23020, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1045.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:
ABT Averaging, banking, and trading.
AECD Auxiliary emission control device.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4 methane.
CO carbon monoxide.
CO2 carbon dioxide.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
FEL Family Emission Limit.
g gram.
HC hydrocarbon.
hr hour.
kPa kilopascals.
kW kilowatt.
m meter.
N2O nitrous oxide.
NARA National Archives and Records Administration.
NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons.
NOX oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2).
NTE not-to-exceed
psig pounds per square inch of gauge pressure.
RPM revolutions per minute.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
THC total hydrocarbon.
THCE total hydrocarbon equivalent.
U.S.C. United States Code.

Sec. 1045.810 What materials does this part reference?

Documents listed in this section have been incorporated by reference
into this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference as prescribed in 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR
part 51. Anyone may inspect copies at the U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102,
EPA West Building, Washington, DC 20460 or at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of
this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://
www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--
locations.html.
(a) SAE material. Table 1 to this section lists material from the
Society of Automotive Engineers that we have incorporated by reference.
The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second
column lists the sections of this part where we reference it. Anyone may
purchase copies of these materials from the Society of Automotive
Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or http://
www.sae.org. Table 1 follows:

Table 1 to Sec. 1045.810--SAE Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 1045
Document number and name reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAE J1939-05, Marine Stern Drive and Inboard Spark-Ignition 1045.110
Engine On-Board Diagnostics Implementation Guide, February
2008......................................................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) [Reserved]

Sec. 1045.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?

[[Page 426]]

Sec. 1045.820 How do I request a hearing?

(a) You may request a hearing under certain circumstances as
described elsewhere in this part. To do this, you must file a written
request, including a description of your objection and any supporting
data, within 30 days after we make a decision.
(b) For a hearing you request under the provisions of this part, we
will approve your request if we find that your request raises a
substantial factual issue.
(c) If we agree to hold a hearing, we will use the procedures
specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G.

Sec. 1045.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this

part?

Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping
specified in the applicable regulations. The following items illustrate
the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for engines and
vessels regulated under this part:
(a) We specify the following requirements related to engine and
vessel certification in this part 1045:
(1) In Sec. 1045.20 we require vessel manufacturers to label their
vessels if they are relying on component certification.
(2) In Sec. 1045.135 we require engine manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels sent to vessel
manufacturers.
(3) In Sec. 1045.145 we include various reporting and recordkeeping
requirements related to interim provisions.
(4) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of
information required to certify engines.
(5) In Sec. Sec. 1045.345 and 1045.350 we specify certain records
related to production-line testing.
(6) In Sec. Sec. 1045.420 and 1045.425 we specify certain records
related to in-use testing.
(7) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various special compliance provisions.
(8) In Sec. Sec. 1045.725, 1045.730, and 1045.735 we specify
certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
(b) We specify the following requirements related to vessel or
component certification in 40 CFR part 1060:
(1) In 40 CFR 1060.20 we give an overview of principles for
reporting information.
(2) In 40 CFR part 1060, subpart C, we identify a wide range of
information required to certify products.
(3) In 40 CFR 1060.301 we require manufacturers to make engines or
vessels available for our testing if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1060.505 we specify information needs for establishing
various changes to published test procedures.
(c) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1065:
(1) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting
information.
(2) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
(3) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing test
information.
(4) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify data that may be appropriate for
collecting during testing of in-use engines using portable analyzers.
(d) We specify the following requirements related to the general
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
(1) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
(2) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information.
(3) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require vessel manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
(5) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to
rebuilding engines.
(6) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.

[[Page 427]]

(7) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing engines.
(8) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement
audit.
(9) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
(10) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming engines.

Sec. Appendix I to Part 1045--Summary of Previous Emission Standards

(a) The following standards apply to outboard and personal
watercraft engines produced before the model years specified in Sec.
1045.1 (since the end of the phase-in period specified in 40 CFR
91.104):
(1) For engines at or below 4.3 kW, the HC+NOX standard
is 81.00 g/kW-hr.
(2) For engines above 4.3 kW, the following HC+NOX
standard applies:

STD = 6.00 + 0.250 [middot] (151 + 557/P\0.9\)

Where:

STD = The HC+NOX emission standard, in g/kW-hr.
P = The average power of an engine family, in kW.

(b) See 40 CFR 91.104 for standards that applied to outboard and
personal watercraft engines during the phase-in period.

Sec. Appendix II to Part 1045--Duty Cycles for Propulsion Marine Engines

(a) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque Weighting
E4 Mode No. Engine speed \1\ (percent) \2\ factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............................................ Maximum test speed.............. 100 0.06
2............................................ 80%............................. 71.6 0.14
3............................................ 60%............................. 46.5 0.15
4............................................ 40%............................. 25.3 0.25
5............................................ Warm idle....................... 0 0.40
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065. Percent speed values are relative to maximum test speed.
\2\ Except as noted in Sec. 1045.505, the percent torque is relative to maximum torque at maximum test speed.

(b) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode
RMC Mode (seconds) Engine speed \1,2\ Torque (percent) \2,3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state...................... 225 Idle................... 0
1b Transition........................ 20 Linear transition...... Linear transition
2a Steady-state...................... 63 Maximum test speed..... 100
2b Transition........................ 20 Linear transition...... Linear transition
*3a Steady-state..................... 271 40%.................... 25.3%
3b Transition........................ 20 Linear transition...... Linear transition
4a Steady-state...................... 151 80%.................... 71.6%
4b Transition........................ 20 Linear transition...... Linear transition
5a Steady-state...................... 161 60%.................... 46.5%
5b Transition........................ 20 Linear transition...... Linear transition
6 Steady-state....................... 229 Warm idle.............. 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065. Percent speed values are relative to maximum test speed.
\2\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
linear progressions of speed and torque from the speed setting and torque setting of the current mode to the
speed setting and torque setting of the next mode.
\3\ Except as noted in Sec. 1045.505, the percent torque is relative to maximum torque at maximum test speed.

[[Page 428]]

PART 1048_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION

ENGINES--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec.
1048.1 Does this part apply to me?
1048.2 Who is responsible for compliance?
1048.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?
1048.10 How is this part organized?
1048.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?
1048.20 What requirements from this part apply to excluded stationary
engines?
1048.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1048.101 What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet?
1048.105 What evaporative emissions standards and requirements apply?
1048.110 How must my engines diagnose malfunctions?
1048.115 What other requirements apply?
1048.120 What warranty requirements apply to me?
1048.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?
1048.130 What installation instructions must I give to equipment
manufacturers?
1048.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce?
1048.140 What are the provisions for certifying Blue Sky Series engines?
1048.145 Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited
time?

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

1048.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate
of conformity?
1048.205 What must I include in my application?
1048.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my
application?
1048.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?
1048.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new
or modified engine configurations?
1048.230 How do I select engine families?
1048.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a
certificate of conformity?
1048.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with
exhaust emission standards?
1048.245 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with
evaporative emission standards?
1048.250 What records must I keep and make available to EPA?
1048.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?

Subpart D_Testing Production-line Engines

1048.301 When must I test my production-line engines?
1048.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line engines?
1048.310 How must I select engines for production-line testing?
1048.315 How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line
testing requirements?
1048.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails to meet
emission standards?
1048.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line
testing requirements?
1048.330 May I sell engines from an engine family with a suspended
certificate of conformity?
1048.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?
1048.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how
may I sell these engines again?
1048.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?
1048.350 What records must I keep?

Subpart E_Testing In-use Engines

1048.401 What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone
into service?
1048.405 How does this program work?
1048.410 How must I select, prepare, and test my in-use engines?
1048.415 What happens if in-use engines do not meet requirements?
1048.420 What in-use testing information must I report to EPA?
1048.425 What records must I keep?

Subpart F_Test Procedures

1048.501 How do I run a valid emission test?
1048.505 How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including
ramped-modal testing?
1048.510 What transient duty cycles apply for laboratory testing?
1048.515 What are the field-testing procedures?

Subpart G_Compliance Provisions

1048.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines?
1048.605 What provisions apply to engines certified under the motor
vehicle program?
1048.610 What provisions apply to vehicles certified under the motor
vehicle program?

[[Page 429]]

1048.612 What is the exemption for delegated final assembly?
1048.615 What are the provisions for exempting engines designed for lawn
and garden applications?
1048.620 What are the provisions for exempting large engines fueled by
natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas?
1048.625 What special provisions apply to engines using noncommercial
fuels?
1048.630 What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for
competition?
1048.635 What special provisions apply to branded engines?
1048.640 What special provisions apply for small-volume engine
manufacturers?

Subpart H [Reserved]

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1048.801 What definitions apply to this part?
1048.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?
1048.810 What materials does this part reference?
1048.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?
1048.820 How do I request a hearing?
1048.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this
part?

Appendix I to Part 1048 [Reserved]
Appendix II to Part 1048--Large Spark-ignition (SI) Composite Transient
Cycle

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1048.1 Does this part apply to me?

(a) The regulations in this part 1048 apply for all new, spark-
ignition nonroad engines (defined in Sec. 1048.801) with maximum engine
power above 19 kW, except as provided in Sec. 1048.5.
(b) This part 1048 applies for engines built on or after January 1,
2004. You need not follow this part for engines you produce before
January 1, 2004. See Sec. Sec. 1048.101 through 1048.115, Sec.
1048.145, and the definition of model year in Sec. 1048.801 for more
information about the timing of new requirements.
(c) The definition of nonroad engine in 40 CFR 1068.30 excludes
certain engines used in stationary applications. These engines may be
required by 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ, to comply with some of the
provisions of this part 1048; otherwise, these engines are only required
to comply with the requirements in Sec. 1048.20. In addition, the
prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101 restrict the use of stationary engines
for nonstationary purposes unless they are certified under this part
1048 to the same standards that would apply to nonroad engines for the
same model year.
(d) In certain cases, the regulations in this part 1048 apply to
engines with maximum engine power at or below 19 kW that would otherwise
be covered by 40 CFR part 90 or 1054. See 40 CFR 90.913 or 1054.615 for
provisions related to this allowance.

[70 FR 40465, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 3613, Jan. 18, 2008; 73
FR 59231, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.2 Who is responsible for compliance?

The regulations in this part 1048 contain provisions that affect
both engine manufacturers and others. However, the requirements of this
part are generally addressed to the engine manufacturer. The term
``you'' generally means the engine manufacturer, as defined in Sec.
1048.801, especially for issues related to certification (including
production-line testing, reporting, etc.).

[73 FR 59231, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?

This part does not apply to the following nonroad engines:
(a) Engines that are certified to meet the requirements of 40 CFR
part 1051, or are otherwise subject to 40 CFR part 1051 (for example,
engines used in snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles).
(b) Propulsion marine engines. See 40 CFR parts 91 and 1045. This
part applies with respect to auxiliary marine engines.
(c) Engines that are certified to meet the requirements of 40 CFR
parts 92 or 1033 (locomotive engines), or are otherwise subject to 40
CFR parts 92 or 1033.

[70 FR 40465, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59232, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.10 How is this part organized?

This part 1048 is divided into the following subparts:

[[Page 430]]

(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of part 1048
and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify engines under this part.
Note that Sec. 1048.145 discusses certain interim requirements and
compliance provisions that apply only for a limited time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity.
(d) Subpart D of this part describes general provisions for testing
production-line engines.
(e) Subpart E of this part describes general provisions for testing
in-use engines.
(f) Subpart F of this part describes how to test your engines
(including references to other parts of the Code of Federal
Regulations).
(g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, and other provisions that apply to engine
manufacturers, equipment manufacturers, owners, operators, rebuilders,
and all others.
(h) [Reserved]
(i) Subpart I of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

[70 FR 40465, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59232, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?

(a) Part 1060 of this chapter describes standards and procedures for
controlling evaporative emissions from engines fueled by gasoline or
other volatile liquid fuels and the associated fuel systems. These
requirements apply to engine manufacturers as specified in this part
1048. Part 1060 applies optionally for equipment manufacturers and fuel-
system component manufacturers for certifying their products.
(b) Part 1065 of this chapter describes procedures and equipment
specifications for testing engines to measure exhaust emissions. Subpart
F of this part 1048 describes how to apply the provisions of part 1065
of this chapter to determine whether engines meet the exhaust emission
standards in this part.
(c) The requirements and prohibitions of part 1068 of this chapter
apply to everyone, including anyone who manufactures, imports, installs,
owns, operates, or rebuilds any of the engines subject to this part
1048, or equipment containing these engines. Part 1068 of this chapter
describes general provisions, including these seven areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for engine manufacturers,
equipment manufacturers, and others.
(2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.
(3) Exclusions and exemptions for certain engines.
(4) Importing engines.
(5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(6) Defect reporting and recall.
(7) Procedures for hearings.
(d) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

[70 FR 40465, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59232, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 8426, Feb. 24, 2009; 75 FR 23021, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.20 What requirements from this part apply to excluded stationary

engines?

(a) You must add a permanent label or tag to each new engine you
produce or import that is excluded under Sec. 1048.1(c) as a stationary
engine and is not required by 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ, to meet the
standards and other requirements of this part 1048 that are equivalent
to the requirements applicable to nonroad SI engines for the same model
year. To meet labeling requirements, you must do the following things:
(1) Attach the label or tag in one piece so no one can remove it
without destroying or defacing it.
(2) Secure it to a part of the engine needed for normal operation
and not normally requiring replacement.
(3) Make sure it is durable and readable for the engine's entire
life.
(4) Write it in English.
(5) Follow the requirements in Sec. 1048.135(g) regarding duplicate
labels if the engine label is obscured in the final installation.
(b) Engine labels or tags required under this section must have the
following information:
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.

[[Page 431]]

(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may instead
include the full corporate name and trademark of another company you
choose to designate.
(3) State the engine displacement (in liters) and maximum engine
power.
(4) State: ``THIS ENGINE IS EXCLUDED FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR
PART 1048 AS A ``STATIONARY ENGINE'' AND THE OWNER/OPERATOR MUST COMPLY
WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF 40 CFR PART 60. INSTALLING OR USING THIS ENGINE
IN ANY OTHER APPLICATION MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO
CIVIL PENALTY.''.
(c) Stationary engines required by 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ, to
meet the requirements of this part 1048 must meet the labeling
requirements of 40 CFR 60.4242.

[70 FR 40466, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 3613, Jan. 18, 2008]

Sec. 1048.30 Submission of information.

(a) This part includes various requirements to record data or other
information. Refer to Sec. 1048.825 and 40 CFR 1068.25 regarding
recordkeeping requirements. Unless we specify otherwise, store these
records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available
for one year after you send an associated application for certification,
or one year after you generate the data if they do not support an
application for certification. You must promptly send us organized,
written records in English if we ask for them. We may review them at any
time.
(b) The regulations in Sec. 1048.255 and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. This includes
information not related to certification.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1048.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a
certificate holder.

[75 FR 23021, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1048.101 What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet?

The exhaust emission standards of this section apply by model year.
You may certify engines earlier than we require. The Tier 1 standards
apply only to steady-state testing, as described in paragraph (b) of
this section. The Tier 2 standards apply to steady-state, transient, and
field testing, as described in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this
section.
(a) Emission standards for transient testing. Starting in the 2007
model year, transient exhaust emissions from your engines may not exceed
the Tier 2 emission standards, as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the applicable transient test procedures
described in subpart F of this part.
(2) The Tier 2 HC+NOX standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the
Tier 2 CO standard is 4.4 g/kW-hr. For severe-duty engines, the Tier 2
HC+NOX standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the Tier 2 CO standard is
130.0 g/kW-hr. The following engines are not subject to the transient
standards in this paragraph (a):
(i) High-load engines.
(ii) Engines with maximum engine power above 560 kW.
(iii) Engines with maximum test speed above 3400 rpm.
(iv) Constant-speed engines and severe-duty engines.
(3) You may optionally certify your engines according to the
following formula instead of the standards in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section: (HC+NOX) x CO\0.784\ <= 8.57. The HC+NOX
and CO emission levels you select to satisfy this formula, rounded to
the nearest 0.1 g/kW-hr, become the emission standards that apply for
those engines. You may not select an HC+NOX emission standard
higher than 2.7 g/kW-hr or a CO emission standard higher than 20.6 g/kW-
hr. The following table illustrates a range of possible values under
this paragraph (a)(3):

[[Page 432]]

Table 1 of Sec. 1048.101--Examples of Possible Tier 2 Duty-cycle
Emission Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO (g/kW-
HC+NOX (g/kW-hr) hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.7........................................................ 4.4
2.2........................................................ 5.6
1.7........................................................ 7.9
1.3........................................................ 11.1
1.0........................................................ 15.5
0.8........................................................ 20.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Standards for steady-state testing. Except as we allow in
paragraph (d) of this section, steady-state exhaust emissions from your
engines may not exceed emission standards, as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the applicable steady-state test
procedures described in subpart F of this part:
(2) The following table shows the Tier 1 exhaust emission standards
that apply to engines from 2004 through 2006 model years:

Table 2 of Sec. 1048.101--Tier 1 Emission Standards (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General emission Alternate emission
standards standards for severe-
Testing -------------------------- duty engines
-------------------------
HC+NOX CO HC+NOX CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Certification and production-line testing................... 4.0 50.0 4.0 130.0
In-use testing.............................................. 5.4 50.0 5.4 130.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(3) Starting in the 2007 model year, steady-state exhaust emissions
from your engines may not exceed the numerical emission standards in
paragraph (a) of this section. See paragraph (d) of this section for
alternate standards that apply for certain engines.
(c) Standards for field testing. Starting in 2007, exhaust emissions
may not exceed field-testing standards, as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the field-testing procedures in subpart
F of this part:
(2) The HC+NOX standard is 3.8 g/kW-hr and the CO
standard is 6.5 g/kW-hr. For severe-duty engines, the HC+NOX
standard is 3.8 g/kW-hr and the CO standard is 200.0 g/kW-hr. For
natural gas-fueled engines, you are not required to measure nonmethane
hydrocarbon emissions or total hydrocarbon emissions for testing to show
that the engine meets the emission standards of this paragraph (c); that
is, you may assume HC emissions are equal to zero.
(3) You may apply the following formula to determine alternate
emission standards that apply to your engines instead of the standards
in paragraph (c)(1) of this section: (HC+NOX) x CO\0.791\ <=
16.78. HC+NOX emission levels may not exceed 3.8 g/kW-hr and
CO emission levels may not exceed 31.0 g/kW-hr. The following table
illustrates a range of possible values under this paragraph (c)(2):

Table 3 of Sec. 1048.101--Examples of Possible Tier 2 Field-testing
Emission Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO (g/kW-
HC+NOX (g/kW-hr) hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.8........................................................ 6.5
3.1........................................................ 8.5
2.4........................................................ 11.7
1.8........................................................ 16.8
1.4........................................................ 23.1
1.1........................................................ 31.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) Engine protection. For engines that require enrichment at high
loads to protect the engine, you may ask to meet alternate Tier 2
standards of 2.7 g/kW-hr for HC+NOX and 31.0 g/kW-hr for CO
instead of the emission standards described in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section for steady-state testing. If we approve your request, you must
still meet the transient testing standards in paragraph (a) of this
section and the field-testing standards in paragraph (c) of this
section. To qualify for this allowance, you must do all the following
things:
(1) Show that enrichment is necessary to protect the engine from
damage.
(2) Show that you limit enrichment to operating modes that require
additional cooling to protect the engine from damage.
(3) Show in your application for certification that enrichment will
rarely occur in use in the equipment in which

[[Page 433]]

your engines are installed. For example, an engine that is expected to
operate 5 percent of the time in use with enrichment would clearly not
qualify.
(4) Include in your installation instructions any steps necessary
for someone installing your engines to prevent enrichment during normal
operation (see Sec. 1048.130).
(e) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply
for engines using each type of fuel specified in 40 CFR part 1065,
subpart H, on which the engines in the engine family are designed to
operate, except for engines certified under Sec. 1048.625. For engines
certified under Sec. 1048.625, the standards of this section apply to
emissions measured using the specified test fuel. You must meet the
numerical emission standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on
the following types of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the
following fuels:
(1) Natural gas-fueled engines: NMHC emissions.
(2) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions.
(3) Other engines: THC emissions.
(f) Small engines. Certain engines with total displacement at or
below 1000 cc may comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 90 or 1054
instead of complying with the requirements of this part, as described in
Sec. 1048.615.
(g) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section over their full
useful life. For severe-duty engines, the minimum useful life is 1,500
hours of operation or seven years, whichever comes first. For all other
engines, the minimum useful life is 5,000 hours of operation or seven
years, whichever comes first.
(1) Specify a longer useful life in hours for an engine family under
either of two conditions:
(i) If you design, advertise, or market your engine to operate
longer than the minimum useful life (your recommended hours until
rebuild may indicate a longer design life).
(ii) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum
useful life.
(2) You may request in your application for certification that we
approve a shorter useful life for an engine family. We may approve a
shorter useful life, in hours of engine operation but not in years, if
we determine that these engines will rarely operate longer than the
shorter useful life. If engines identical to those in the engine family
have already been produced and are in use, your demonstration must
include documentation from such in-use engines. In other cases, your
demonstration must include an engineering analysis of information
equivalent to such in-use data, such as data from research engines or
similar engine models that are already in production. Your demonstration
must also include any overhaul interval that you recommend, any
mechanical warranty that you offer for the engine or its components, and
any relevant customer design specifications. Your demonstration may
include any other relevant information. The useful life value may not be
shorter than any of the following:
(i) 1,000 hours of operation.
(ii) Your recommended overhaul interval.
(iii) Your mechanical warranty for the engine.
(h) Applicability for testing. The duty-cycle emission standards in
this subpart apply to all testing performed according to the procedures
in Sec. Sec. 1048.505 and 1048.510, including certification,
production-line, and in-use testing. The field-testing standards apply
for all testing performed according to the procedures of subpart F of
this part.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40466, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 3613, Jan 18, 2008; 73 FR 59232, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.105 What evaporative emission standards and requirements apply?

Starting in the 2007 model year, new engines that run on a volatile
liquid fuel (such as gasoline) must meet the emission standards of this
section over a useful life of five years, except as specified in
paragraph (f) of this section. Note that Sec. 1048.245 allows you to
use design-based certification instead of generating new emission data.
(a) Fuel line permeation. For nonmetallic fuel lines, you must
specify and use products that meet the Category 1 specifications for
permeation in SAE J2260 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1048.810).

[[Page 434]]

(b) [Reserved]
(c) Diurnal emissions. Evaporative hydrocarbon emissions may not
exceed 0.2 grams per gallon of fuel tank capacity when measured using
the test procedures specified in Sec. 1048.501. Diurnal emission
controls must continue to function during engine operation.
(d) Running loss. Liquid fuel in the fuel tank may not reach boiling
during continuous engine operation in the final installation at an
ambient temperature of 30 [deg]C. Note that gasoline with a Reid vapor
pressure of 62 kPa (9 psi) begins to boil at about 53 [deg]C at
atmospheric pressure, and at about 60 [deg]C for fuel tanks that hold
pressure as described in Sec. 1048.245(e)(1)(i).
(e) Installation. If other companies install your engines in their
equipment, you may introduce your engines into U.S. commerce without
meeting all the requirements in this section. However, you must give
equipment manufacturers any appropriate instructions so that fully
assembled equipment will meet all the requirements in this section, as
described in Sec. 1048.130. Your instructions may specify that
equipment manufacturers may alternatively use other fuel-system
components that have been certified under 40 CFR part 1060. Introducing
equipment into U.S. commerce without meeting all the requirements of
this section violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(f) Motor vehicles and marine vessels. Motor vehicles and marine
vessels may contain engines subject to the exhaust emission standards in
this part 1048. Evaporative emission standards apply to these products
as follows:
(1) Marine vessels using spark-ignition engines are subject to the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1045. The vessels are not required to comply
with the evaporative emission standards and related requirements of this
part 1048.
(2) Motor vehicles are subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part
86. They are not required to comply with the evaporative emission
standards and related requirements of this part 1048.

[73 FR 59232, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.110 How must my engines diagnose malfunctions?

The following engine-diagnostic requirements apply for engines
equipped with three-way catalysts and closed-loop control of air-fuel
ratios:
(a) Equip your engines with a diagnostic system. Starting in the
2007 model year, equip each engine with a diagnostic system that will
detect significant malfunctions in its emission-control system using one
of the following protocols:
(1) If your emission-control strategy depends on maintaining air-
fuel ratios at stoichiometry, an acceptable diagnostic design would
identify malfunction whenever the air-fuel ratio does not cross
stoichiometry for one minute of intended closed-loop operation. You may
use other diagnostic strategies if we approve them in advance.
(2) If the protocol described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section
does not apply to your engine, you must use an alternative approach that
we approve in advance. Your alternative approach must generally detect
when the emission-control system is not functioning properly.
(b) Use a malfunction-indicator light (MIL). The MIL must be readily
visible to the operator; it may be any color except red. When the MIL
goes on, it must display ``Check Engine,'' ``Service Engine Soon,'' or a
similar message that we approve. You may use sound in addition to the
light signal. The MIL must go on under each of the following
circumstances:
(1) When a malfunction occurs, as described in paragraph (a) of this
section.
(2) When the diagnostic system cannot send signals to meet the
requirement of paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(3) When the engine's ignition is in the ``key-on'' position before
starting or cranking. The MIL should go out after engine starting if the
system detects no malfunction.
(c) Control when the MIL can go out. If the MIL goes on to show a
malfunction or system error, it must remain on during all later engine
operation until servicing corrects the malfunction. If the engine is not
serviced, but the malfunction or system error does not recur for three
consecutive engine starts during which the malfunctioning system is
evaluated and found to be working properly, the MIL may stay off during
later engine operation.

[[Page 435]]

(d) Store trouble codes in computer memory. Record and store in
computer memory any diagnostic trouble codes showing a malfunction that
should illuminate the MIL. The stored codes must identify the
malfunctioning system or component as uniquely as possible. Make these
codes available through the data link connector as described in
paragraph (g) of this section. You may store codes for conditions that
do not turn on the MIL. The system must store a separate code to show
when the diagnostic system is disabled.
(e) Make data, access codes, and devices accessible. Make all
required data accessible to us without any access codes or devices that
only you can supply. Ensure that anyone servicing your engine can read
and understand the diagnostic trouble codes stored in the onboard
computer with generic tools and information.
(f) Consider exceptions for certain conditions. Your diagnostic
systems may disregard trouble codes for the first three minutes after
engine starting. You may ask us to approve diagnostic-system designs
that disregard trouble codes under other conditions that would produce
an unreliable reading, damage systems or components, or cause other
safety risks. This might include operation at altitudes over 8,000 feet.
(g) Follow standard references for formats, codes, and connections.
Follow conventions defined in 40 CFR 1045.110 or in the following
documents (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1048.810) or ask us to
approve using updated versions of (or variations from) these documents:
(1) ISO 9141-2 Road vehicles-Diagnostic systems--Part 2: CARB
requirements for interchange of digital information, February 1994.
(2) ISO 14230-4 Road vehicles--Diagnostic systems--Keyword Protocol
2000--Part 4: Requirements for emission-related systems, June 2000.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 73 FR 59232, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.115 What other requirements apply?

Engines that are required to meet the emission standards of this
part must meet the following requirements:
(a) Crankcase emissions. Crankcase emissions may not be discharged
directly into the ambient atmosphere from any engine throughout its
useful life, except as follows:
(1) Engines may discharge crankcase emissions to the ambient
atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust emissions (either
physically or mathematically) during all emission testing. If you take
advantage of this exception, you must do the following things:
(i) Manufacture the engines so that all crankcase emissions can be
routed into the applicable sampling systems specified in 40 CFR part
1065.
(ii) Account for deterioration in crankcase emissions when
determining exhaust deterioration factors.
(2) For purposes of this paragraph (a), crankcase emissions that are
routed to the exhaust upstream of exhaust aftertreatment during all
operation are not considered to be discharged directly into the ambient
atmosphere.
(b) Torque broadcasting. Electronically controlled engines must
broadcast their speed and output shaft torque (in newton-meters).
Engines may alternatively broadcast a surrogate value for determining
torque. Engines must broadcast engine parameters such that they can be
read with a remote device, or broadcast them directly to their
controller area networks. This information is necessary for testing
engines in the field (see Sec. 1048.515). This requirement applies
beginning in the 2007 model year. Small-volume engine manufacturers may
omit this requirement.
(c) EPA access to broadcast information. If we request it, you must
provide us any hardware or tools we would need to readily read,
interpret, and record all information broadcast by an engine's on-board
computers and electronic control modules. If you broadcast a surrogate
parameter for torque values, you must provide us what we need to convert
these into torque units. We will not ask for hardware or tools if they
are readily available commercially.
(d) [Reserved]
(e) Adjustable parameters. Engines that have adjustable parameters
must meet all the requirements of this part for any adjustment in the
physically

[[Page 436]]

adjustable range. An operating parameter is not considered adjustable if
you permanently seal it or if it is not normally accessible using
ordinary tools. We may require that you set adjustable parameters to any
specification within the adjustable range during any testing, including
certification testing, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
(f) Prohibited controls. You may not design your engines with
emission-control devices, systems, or elements of design that cause or
contribute to an unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety
while operating. For example, this would apply if the engine emits a
noxious or toxic substance it would otherwise not emit that contributes
to such an unreasonable risk.
(g) Defeat devices. You may not equip your engines with a defeat
device. A defeat device is an auxiliary emission-control device that
reduces the effectiveness of emission controls under conditions that the
engine may reasonably be expected to encounter during normal operation
and use. This does not apply to auxiliary-emission control devices you
identify in your certification application if any of the following is
true:
(1) The conditions of concern were substantially included in the
applicable test procedures described in subpart F of this part.
(2) You show your design is necessary to prevent engine (or
equipment) damage or accidents.
(3) The reduced effectiveness applies only to starting the engine.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40467, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59233, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?

(a) General requirements. You must warrant to the ultimate purchaser
and each subsequent purchaser that the new nonroad engine, including all
parts of its emission-control system, meets two conditions:
(1) It is designed, built, and equipped so it conforms at the time
of sale to the ultimate purchaser with the requirements of this part.
(2) It is free from defects in materials and workmanship that may
keep it from meeting these requirements.
(b) Warranty period. Your emission-related warranty for evaporative
emission controls must be valid for at least two years. Your emission-
related warranty for exhaust emission controls must be valid for at
least 50 percent of the engine's useful life in hours of operation or at
least three years, whichever comes first. In the case of a high-cost
warranted part, the warranty must be valid for at least 70 percent of
the engine's useful life in hours of operation or at least five years,
whichever comes first. You may offer an emission-related warranty more
generous than we require. The emission-related warranty for the engine
may not be shorter than any published warranty you offer without charge
for the engine. Similarly, the emission-related warranty for any
component may not be shorter than any published warranty you offer
without charge for that component. If an engine has no hour meter, we
base the warranty periods in this paragraph (b) only on the engine's age
(in years). The warranty period begins when the engine is placed into
service.
(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all
your components whose failure would increase an engine's emissions of
any regulated pollutant, including components listed in 40 CFR part
1068, Appendix I, and components from any other system you develop to
control emissions. The emission-related warranty covers these components
even if another company produces the component for you. Your emission-
related warranty does not cover components whose failure would not
increase an engine's emissions of any regulated pollutant.
(d) Limited applicability. You may deny warranty claims under this
section if the operator caused the problem through improper maintenance
or use, as described in 40 CFR 1068.115.
(e) Owners manual. Describe in the owners manual the emission-
related warranty provisions from this section that apply to the engine.

[70 FR 40467, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59233, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23021, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 437]]

Sec. 1048.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

Give the ultimate purchaser of each new nonroad engine written
instructions for properly maintaining and using the engine, including
the emission-control system. The maintenance instructions also apply to
service accumulation on your emission-data engines, as described in 40
CFR part 1065.
(a) Critical emission-related maintenance. Critical emission-related
maintenance includes any adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of
critical emission-related components. This may also include additional
emission-related maintenance that you determine is critical if we
approve it in advance. You may schedule critical emission-related
maintenance on these components if you meet the following conditions:
(1) You demonstrate that the maintenance is reasonably likely to be
done at the recommended intervals on in-use engines. We will accept
scheduled maintenance as reasonably likely to occur if you satisfy any
of the following conditions:
(i) You present data showing that, if a lack of maintenance
increases emissions, it also unacceptably degrades the engine's
performance.
(ii) You present survey data showing that at least 80 percent of
engines in the field get the maintenance you specify at the recommended
intervals.
(iii) You provide the maintenance free of charge and clearly say so
in your maintenance instructions
(iv) You otherwise show us that the maintenance is reasonably likely
to be done at the recommended intervals.
(2) You may not schedule critical emission-related maintenance more
frequently than the following minimum intervals, except as specified in
paragraphs (a)(3), (b) and (c) of this section:
(i) For catalysts, fuel injectors, electronic control units,
superchargers, and turbochargers: The useful life of the engine family.
(ii) For gaseous fuel-system components (cleaning without
disassembly only) and oxygen sensors: 2,500 hours.
(3) If your engine family has an alternate useful life under Sec.
1048.101(g) that is shorter than the period specified in paragraph
(a)(2)(ii) of this section, you may not schedule critical emission-
related maintenance more frequently than the alternate useful life,
except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(4) You may ask us to approve a maintenance interval shorter than
that specified in paragraphs (a)(2) of this section. In your request you
must describe the proposed maintenance step, recommend the maximum
feasible interval for this maintenance, include your rationale with
supporting evidence to support the need for the maintenance at the
recommended interval, and demonstrate that the maintenance will be done
at the recommended interval on in-use engines. In considering your
request, we will evaluate the information you provide and any other
available information to establish alternate specifications for
maintenance intervals, if appropriate.
(b) Recommended additional maintenance. You may recommend any
additional amount of maintenance on the components listed in paragraph
(a) of this section, as long as you state clearly that these maintenance
steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related warranty valid. If
operators do the maintenance specified in paragraph (a) of this section,
but not the recommended additional maintenance, this does not allow you
to disqualify those engines from in-use testing or deny a warranty
claim. Do not take these maintenance steps during service accumulation
on your emission-data engines.
(c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance
to address problems related to special situations, such as substandard
fuel or atypical engine operation. For example, you may specify more
frequent cleaning of fuel system components for engines you have reason
to believe will be using fuel that causes substantially more engine
performance problems than commercial fuels of the same type that are
generally available across the United States. You must clearly state
that this additional maintenance is associated with the special
situation you are addressing. We may disapprove your maintenance
instructions if we

[[Page 438]]

determine that you have specified special maintenance steps to address
engine operation that is not atypical, or that the maintenance is
unlikely to occur in use. If we determine that certain maintenance items
do not qualify as special maintenance under this paragraph (c), you may
identify this as recommended additional maintenance under paragraph (b)
of this section.
(d) Noncritical emission-related maintenance. Subject to the
provisions of this paragraph (d), you may schedule any amount of
emission-related inspection or maintenance that is not covered by
paragraph (a) of this section (i.e., maintenance that is neither
explicitly identified as critical emission-related maintenance, nor that
we approve as critical emission-related maintenance). Noncritical
emission-related maintenance generally includes changing spark plugs,
re-seating valves, or any other emission-related maintenance on the
components we specify in 40 CFR part 1068, Appendix I that is not
covered in paragraph (a) of this section. You must state in the owners
manual that these steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related
warranty valid. If operators fail to do this maintenance, this does not
allow you to disqualify those engines from in-use testing or deny a
warranty claim. Do not take these inspection or maintenance steps during
service accumulation on your emission-data engines.
(e) Maintenance that is not emission-related. For maintenance
unrelated to emission controls, you may schedule any amount of
inspection or maintenance. You may also take these inspection or
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data
engines, as long as they are reasonable and technologically necessary.
This might include adding engine oil, changing air, fuel, or oil
filters, servicing engine-cooling systems, and adjusting idle speed,
governor, engine bolt torque, valve lash, or injector lash. You may
perform this nonemission-related maintenance on emission-data engines at
the least frequent intervals that you recommend to the ultimate
purchaser (but not the intervals recommended for severe service).
(f) Source of parts and repairs. State clearly on the first page of
your written maintenance instructions that a repair shop or person of
the owner's choosing may maintain, replace, or repair emission-control
devices and systems. Your instructions may not require components or
service identified by brand, trade, or corporate name. Also, do not
directly or indirectly condition your warranty on a requirement that the
engine be serviced by your franchised dealers or any other service
establishments with which you have a commercial relationship. You may
disregard the requirements in this paragraph (f) if you do one of two
things:
(1) Provide a component or service without charge under the purchase
agreement.
(2) Get us to waive this prohibition in the public's interest by
convincing us the engine will work properly only with the identified
component or service.
(g) Payment for scheduled maintenance. Owners are responsible for
properly maintaining their engines. This generally includes paying for
scheduled maintenance. However, manufacturers must pay for scheduled
maintenance during the useful life if it meets all the following
criteria:
(1) Each affected component was not in general use on similar
engines before January 1, 2004.
(2) The primary function of each affected component is to reduce
emissions.
(3) The cost of the scheduled maintenance is more than 2 percent of
the price of the engine.
(4) Failure to perform the maintenance would not cause clear
problems that would significantly degrade the engine's performance.
(h) Owners manual. Explain the owner's responsibility for proper
maintenance in the owners manual.

[70 FR 40468, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59233, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23021, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.130 What installation instructions must I give to equipment

manufacturers?

(a) If you sell an engine for someone else to install in a piece of
nonroad equipment, give the engine installer instructions for installing
it consistent

[[Page 439]]

with the requirements of this part. Include all information necessary to
ensure that an engine will be installed in its certified configuration.
(b) Make sure these instructions have the following information:
(1) Include the heading: ``Emission-related installation
instructions''.
(2) State: ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing a
certified engine in a piece of nonroad equipment violates federal law
(40 CFR 1068.105(b)), subject to fines or other penalties as described
in the Clean Air Act.''.
(3) Describe the instructions needed to properly install the exhaust
system and any other components. Include instructions consistent with
the requirements of Sec. 1048.205(v).
(4) Describe the steps needed to control evaporative emissions, as
described in Sec. Sec. 1048.105 and 1048.245.
(5) Describe any necessary steps for installing the diagnostic
system described in Sec. 1048.110.
(6) Describe any limits on the range of applications needed to
ensure that the engine operates consistently with your application for
certification. For example, if your engines are certified only for
constant-speed operation, tell equipment manufacturers not to install
the engines in variable-speed applications. Also, if you need to avoid
sustained high-load operation to meet the field-testing emission
standards we specify in Sec. 1048.101(c) or to comply with the
provisions of Sec. 1048.101(d), describe how the equipment manufacturer
must properly size the engines for a given application.
(7) Describe any other instructions to make sure the installed
engine will operate according to design specifications in your
application for certification. This may include, for example,
instructions for installing aftertreatment devices when installing the
engines.
(8) State: ``If you install the engine in a way that makes the
engine's emission control information label hard to read during normal
engine maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the equipment,
as described in 40 CFR 1068.105.''.
(c) You do not need installation instructions for engines you
install in your own equipment.
(d) Provide instructions in writing or in an equivalent format. For
example, you may post instructions on a publicly available Web site for
downloading or printing. If you do not provide the instructions in
writing, explain in your application for certification how you will
ensure that each installer is informed of the installation requirements.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40469, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1048.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

[[Page 440]]

described in 40 CFR 1068.45. You may omit this information from the
label if there is not enough room for it and you put it in the owners
manual instead.
(7) State: ``THIS ENGINE IS CERTIFIED TO OPERATE ON [specify
operating fuel or fuels].''
(8) Identify any requirements for fuel and lubricants. You may omit
this information from the label if there is not enough room for it and
you put it in the owners manual instead.
(9) List specifications and adjustments for engine tuneups; show the
proper position for the transmission during tuneup and state which
accessories should be operating. You may omit this information from the
label if there is not enough room for it and you put it in the owners
manual instead.
(10) State the useful life for your engine family if it has a longer
useful life under Sec. 1048.101(g)(1) or a shortened useful life under
Sec. 1048.101(g)(2).
(11) Identify the emission standards to which you have certified the
engine (in g/kW-hr).
(12) Include one of the following compliance statements:
(i) For engines that may be used in nonroad or stationary equipment,
state: ``THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR [MODEL YEAR]
NONROAD AND STATIONARY ENGINES.''
(ii) For engines that will be used only in nonroad equipment, state:
``THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR [MODEL YEAR]
NONROAD ENGINES.''
(iii) For engines that will be used only in stationary equipment,
state: ``THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR [MODEL YEAR]
STATIONARY ENGINES.''
(13) Include any of the following additional statements for special
situations if they apply to your engines:
(i) If your engines are certified only for constant-speed operation,
state: ``USE IN CONSTANT-SPEED APPLICATIONS ONLY.''
(ii) If your engines are certified only for variable-speed
operation, state: ``USE IN VARIABLE-SPEED APPLICATIONS ONLY.''
(iii) If your engines are certified only for high-load engines,
state: ``THIS ENGINE IS NOT INTENDED FOR OPERATION AT LESS THAN 75
PERCENT OF FULL LOAD.''
(iv) If you certify your engines under Sec. 1048.101(d), and show
in your application for certification that in-use engines will
experience infrequent high-load operation, state: ``THIS ENGINE IS NOT
INTENDED FOR OPERATION AT MORE THAN PERCENT OF FULL LOAD.'' Specify the
appropriate percentage of full load based on the nature of the engine
protection. You may add other statements to discourage operation in
engine-protection modes.
(v) If your engines are certified to the voluntary standards in
Sec. 1048.140, state: ``BLUE SKY SERIES'' and identify the standard to
which you certify the engines.
(d) You may add information to the emission control information
label to identify other emission standards that the engine meets or does
not meet (such as California standards). You may also add other
information to ensure that the engine will be properly maintained and
used.
(e) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
part 1048 if you show that it is necessary or appropriate. We will
approve your request if your alternate label is consistent with the
requirements of this part.
(f) If you obscure the engine label while installing the engine in
the equipment such that the label cannot be read during normal
maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the equipment. If
others install your engine in their equipment in a way that obscures the
engine label, we require them to add a duplicate label on the equipment
(see 40 CFR 1068.105); in that case, give them the number of duplicate
labels they request and keep the following records for at least five
years:
(1) Written documentation of the request from the equipment
manufacturer.
(2) The number of duplicate labels you send for each engine family
and the date you sent them.

[70 FR 40469, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59233, Oct. 8, 2008]

[[Page 441]]

Sec. 1048.140 What are the provisions for certifying Blue Sky Series engines?

This section defines voluntary standards for a recognized level of
superior emission control for engines designated as ``Blue Sky Series''
engines. If you certify an engine family under this section, it is
subject to all the requirements of this part as if these voluntary
standards were mandatory. To receive a certificate of conformity as
``Blue Sky Series,'' you must certify to one of the sets of exhaust
emission standards in the following table:

Table 1 of Sec. 1048.140--Standards for Blue Sky Series Engines (g/kW-
hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Standards for steady-state and Standards for field-testing
transient test procedures procedures
------------------------------------------------------------------------
HC+NOX CO HC+NOX CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.80 4.4 1.10 6.6
0.60 4.4 0.84 6.6
0.40 4.4 0.56 6.6
0.20 4.4 0.28 6.6
0.10 4.4 0.14 6.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[73 FR 59234, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.145 Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited

time?

The provisions in this section apply instead of other provisions in
this part. This section describes when these interim provisions expire.
(a) Family banking. This paragraph (a) allows you to reduce the
number of engines subject to the Tier 2 standards by certifying some of
your engines earlier than otherwise required, as follows:
(1) For early-compliant engines to generate offsets under this
paragraph (a), you must meet the following general provisions:
(i) You must begin actual production of early-compliant engines by
September 1, 2006.
(ii) Engines you produce after December 31, 2006 may not generate
offsets.
(iii) Offset-generating engines must be certified to the Tier 2
standards and requirements under this part 1048.
(iv) If you certify engines under the voluntary standards of Sec.
1048.140, you may not use them in your calculation under this paragraph
(a).
(2) For every offset-generating engine certified to the Tier 2
standards, you may reduce the number of engines with the same maximum
engine power that are required to meet the Tier 2 standards in later
model years by one engine. You may calculate power-weighted offsets
based on actual U.S.-directed sales volumes. For example, if you produce
a total of 1,000 engines in 2005 and 2006 with an average maximum power
of 60 kW certified to the Tier 2 standards, you may delay certification
to that tier of standards for up to 60,000 kW-engine-years in any of the
following ways:
(i) Delay certification of up to 600 engines with an average maximum
power of 100 kW for one model year.
(ii) Delay certification of up to 200 engines with an average
maximum power of 100 kW for three consecutive model years.
(iii) Delay certification of up to 400 engines with an average
maximum power of 100 kW for one model year and up to 50 engines with an
average maximum power of 200 kW for two model years.
(3) Offset-using engines (that is, those not required to certify to
the Tier 2 standards) must be certified to the Tier 1 standards and
requirements of this part 1048. You may delay compliance for up to three
model years.
(4) By January 31 of each year in which you use the provisions of
this paragraph (a), send us a report describing how many offset-
generating or offset-using engines you produced in the preceding model
year.
(b) Hydrocarbon standards. For 2004 through 2006 model years, engine
manufacturers may use nonmethane hydrocarbon measurements to demonstrate
compliance with applicable emission standards.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Tier 1 deterioration factors. For Tier 1 engines, base the
deterioration factor from Sec. 1048.240 on 3500 hours of operation. We
may assign a deterioration factor for a Tier 1 engine family, but this
would not affect your need to meet all emission standards that apply.
(e) [Reserved]
(f) Optional early field testing. You may optionally use the field-
testing procedures in subpart F of this part for any in-use testing
required under subpart E of this part to show that you

[[Page 442]]

meet Tier 1 standards. In this case, the same Tier 1 in-use emission
standards apply to both steady-state testing in the laboratory and field
testing.
(g) Small-volume provisions. If you qualify for the hardship
provisions in Sec. 1068.250 of this chapter, we may approve extensions
of up to four years total.
(h) 2004 certification. For the 2004 model year, you may choose to
have the emission standards and other requirements that apply to these
engines in California serve as the emission standards and other
requirements applicable under this part, instead of those in subpart A
of this part. To ask for a certificate under this paragraph (h), send us
the application for certification that you prepare for the California
Air Resources Board instead of the information we otherwise require in
Sec. 1048.205.
(i) Recreational vehicles. Engines or vehicles identified in the
scope of 40 CFR part 1051 that are not yet regulated under that part are
excluded from the requirements of this part. For example, snowmobiles
produced in 2004 are not subject to the emission standards in this part.
Once emission standards apply to these engines and vehicles, they are
excluded from the requirements of this part under Sec. 1048.5(a)(1).
(j) Delayed compliance with labeling requirements. Before the 2010
model year, you may omit the dates of manufacture from the emission
control information label as specified in Sec. 1048.135(c)(5) if you
keep those records and provide them to us upon request.
(k) Delayed compliance with fuel tank permeation requirements.
Before the 2010 model year, you may omit the permeation-related
requirements related to plastic fuel tanks in Sec. 1048.245(e)(1)(i)
and Sec. 1048.501(e).

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40470, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59234, Oct. 8, 2008]

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

Sec. 1048.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate

of conformity?

(a) You must send us a separate application for a certificate of
conformity for each engine family. A certificate of conformity is valid
starting with the indicated effective date, but it is not valid for any
production after December 31 of the model year for which it is issued.
No certificate will be issued after December 31 of the model year.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part and must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see Sec. 1048.255).
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this subpart, as long as you maintain all the information required by
Sec. 1048.250.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.
(f) See Sec. 1048.255 for provisions describing how we will process
your application.
(g) We may require you to deliver your test engines to a facility we
designate for our testing (see Sec. 1048.235(c)).
(h) For engines that become new after being placed into service,
such as engines converted to nonroad use after being used in motor
vehicles, we may specify alternate certification provisions consistent
with the intent of this part. See the definition of ``new nonroad
engine'' in Sec. 1048.801.

[70 FR 40470, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59234, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.205 What must I include in my application?

This section specifies the information that must be in your
application, unless we ask you to include less information under Sec.
1048.201(c). We may require you to provide additional information to
evaluate your application.
(a) Describe the engine family's specifications and other basic
parameters

[[Page 443]]

of the engine's design and emission controls. List the fuel types on
which your engines are designed to operate (for example, gasoline and
natural gas). List each distinguishable engine configuration in the
engine family.
(b) Explain how the emission control systems operate. Describe the
evaporative emission controls, if applicable. Also describe in detail
all system components for controlling exhaust emissions, including all
auxiliary emission control devices (AECDs) and all fuel-system
components you will install on any production or test engine. Identify
the part number of each component you describe. For this paragraph (b),
treat as separate AECDs any devices that modulate or activate
differently from each other. Include sufficient detail to allow us to
evaluate whether the AECDs are consistent with the defeat device
prohibition of Sec. 1048.115.
(c) Explain how the engine diagnostic system works, describing
especially the engine conditions (with the corresponding diagnostic
trouble codes) that cause the malfunction-indicator light to go on.
Propose what you consider to be extreme conditions under which the
diagnostic system should disregard trouble codes, as described in Sec.
1048.110.
(d) Describe the engines you selected for testing and the reasons
for selecting them.
(e) Describe the test equipment and procedures that you used,
including any special or alternate test procedures you used (see Sec.
1048.501).
(f) Describe how you operated the emission-data engine before
testing, including the duty cycle and the number of engine operating
hours used to stabilize emission levels. Explain why you selected the
method of service accumulation. Describe any scheduled maintenance you
did.
(g) List the specifications of each test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges we specify in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H.
(h) Identify the engine family's useful life.
(i) Include the maintenance instructions you will give to the
ultimate purchaser of each new nonroad engine (see Sec. 1048.125).
(j) Include the emission-related installation instructions you will
provide if someone else installs your engines in a piece of nonroad
equipment (see Sec. 1048.130).
(k) Identify each high-cost warranted part and show us how you
calculated its replacement cost, including the estimated retail cost of
the part, labor rates, and labor hours to diagnose and replace defective
parts.
(l) Describe your emission control information label (see Sec.
1048.135).
(m) Identify the emission standards to which you are certifying
engines in the engine family.
(n) Identify the engine family's deterioration factors and describe
how you developed them (see Sec. 1048.240). Present any emission test
data you used for this.
(o) State that you operated your emission-data engines as described
in the application (including the test procedures, test parameters, and
test fuels) to show you meet the requirements of this part.
(p) Present emission data to show that you meet emission standards,
as follows:
(1) Present exhaust emission data for HC, NOX, and CO on
an emission-data engine to show your engines meet the applicable duty-
cycle emission standards we specify in Sec. 1048.101. Show emission
figures before and after applying deterioration factors for each engine.
Include emission results for each mode if you do discrete-mode testing
under Sec. 1048.505. Include test data for each type of fuel from 40
CFR part 1065, subpart H, on which you intend for engines in the engine
family to operate (for example, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas,
methanol, or natural gas). If we specify more than one grade of any fuel
type (for example, a summer grade and winter grade of gasoline), you
need to submit test data only for one grade unless the regulations of
this part specify otherwise for your engine. Note that Sec. 1048.235
allows you to submit an application in certain cases without new
emission data.
(2) If your engine family includes a volatile liquid fuel (and you
do not use design-based certification under Sec. 1048.245), present
evaporative test data to show your vehicles meet the

[[Page 444]]

evaporative emission standards we specify in subpart B of this part.
Show these figures before and after applying deterioration factors,
where applicable.
(q) State that all the engines in the engine family comply with the
field-testing emission standards we specify in Sec. 1048.101(c) for all
normal operation and use when tested as specified in Sec. 1048.515.
Describe any relevant testing, engineering analysis, or other
information in sufficient detail to support your statement.
(r) For engines not subject to transient testing requirements in
Sec. 148.101(a), include information showing how your emission controls
will function during normal in-use transient operation. For example,
this might include the following:
(1) Emission data from transient testing of engines using
measurement systems designed for measuring in-use emissions.
(2) Comparison of the engine design for controlling transient
emissions with that from engines for which you have emission data over
the transient duty cycle for certification.
(3) Detailed descriptions of control algorithms and other design
parameters for controlling transient emissions.
(s) Report test results as follows:
(1) Report all test results involving measurement of pollutants for
which emission standards apply. Include test results from invalid tests
or from any other tests, whether or not they were conducted according to
the test procedures of subpart F of this part. We may ask you to send
other information to confirm that your tests were valid under the
requirements of this part and 40 CFR part 1065.
(2) Report measured CO2, N2O, and
CH4 as described in Sec. 1048.235. Small-volume engine
manufacturers may omit reporting N2O and CH4.
(t) Describe all adjustable operating parameters (see Sec.
1048.115(e)), including production tolerances. Include the following in
your description of each parameter:
(1) The nominal or recommended setting.
(2) The intended physically adjustable range.
(3) The limits or stops used to establish adjustable ranges.
(4) Information showing why the limits, stops, or other means of
inhibiting adjustment are effective in preventing adjustment of
parameters on in-use engines to settings outside your intended
physically adjustable ranges.
(u) Provide the information to read, record, and interpret all the
information broadcast by an engine's onboard computers and electronic
control units. State that, upon request, you will give us any hardware,
software, or tools we would need to do this. If you broadcast a
surrogate parameter for torque values, you must provide us what we need
to convert these into torque units. You may reference any appropriate
publicly released standards that define conventions for these messages
and parameters. Format your information consistent with publicly
released standards.
(v) Confirm that your emission-related installation instructions
specify how to ensure that sampling of exhaust emissions will be
possible after engines are installed in equipment and placed in service.
If this cannot be done by simply adding a 20-centimeter extension to the
exhaust pipe, show how to sample exhaust emissions in a way that
prevents diluting the exhaust sample with ambient air.
(w) State whether your certification is intended to include engines
used in stationary applications. Also state whether your certification
is limited for certain engines. If this is the case, describe how you
will prevent use of these engines in applications for which they are not
certified. This applies for engines such as the following:
(1) Constant-speed engines.
(2) Variable-speed engines.
(x) Unconditionally certify that all the engines in the engine
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.
(y) Include good-faith estimates of U.S.-directed production
volumes. Include a justification for the estimated production volumes if
they are substantially different than actual production volumes in
earlier years for similar models.

[[Page 445]]

(z) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or part 1068 of this chapter related to requests
for exemptions.
(aa) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.

[70 FR 40470, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 3613, Jan. 18, 2008; 73
FR 59234, Oct. 8, 2008; 74 FR 56510, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1048.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my

application?

If you send us information before you finish the application, we
will review it and make any appropriate determinations, especially for
questions related to engine family definitions, auxiliary emission-
control devices, deterioration factors, testing for service
accumulation, and maintenance. Decisions made under this section are
considered to be preliminary approval, subject to final review and
approval. We will generally not reverse a decision where we have given
you preliminary approval, unless we find new information supporting a
different decision. If you request preliminary approval related to the
upcoming model year or the model year after that, we will make best-
efforts to make the appropriate determinations as soon as practicable.
We will generally not provide preliminary approval related to a future
model year more than two years ahead of time.

[70 FR 40472, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1048.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?

You may amend your emission-related maintenance instructions after
you submit your application for certification as long as the amended
instructions remain consistent with the provisions of Sec. 1048.125.
You must send the Designated Compliance Officer a written request to
amend your application for certification for an engine family if you
want to change the emission-related maintenance instructions in a way
that could affect emissions. In your request, describe the proposed
changes to the maintenance instructions. If operators follow the
original maintenance instructions rather than the newly specified
maintenance, this does not allow you to disqualify those engines from
in-use testing or deny a warranty claim.
(a) If you are decreasing or eliminating any specified maintenance,
you may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your customers 30
days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove your request.
This would generally include replacing one maintenance step with
another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.
(b) If your requested change would not decrease the specified
maintenance, you may distribute the new maintenance instructions anytime
after you send your request. For example, this paragraph (b) would cover
adding instructions to increase the frequency of a maintenance step for
engines in severe-duty applications.
(c) You need not request approval if you are making only minor
corrections (such as correcting typographical mistakes), clarifying your
maintenance instructions, or changing instructions for maintenance
unrelated to emission control. We may ask you to send us copies of
maintenance instructions revised under this paragraph (c).

[70 FR 40472, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59235, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new

or modified engine configurations?

[[Page 446]]

(a) You must amend your application before you take any of the
following actions:
(1) Add an engine configuration to an engine family. In this case,
the engine configuration added must be consistent with other engine
configurations in the engine family with respect to the criteria listed
in Sec. 1048.230.
(2) Change an engine configuration already included in an engine
family in a way that may affect emissions, or change any of the
components you described in your application for certification. This
includes production and design changes that may affect emissions any
time during the engine's lifetime.
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the Designated
Compliance Officer the following information:
(1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the engine model or
configuration you intend to make.
(2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended
engine family complies with all applicable requirements. You may do this
by showing that the original emission-data engine is still appropriate
for showing that the amended family complies with all applicable
requirements.
(3) If the original emission-data engine for the engine family is
not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified engine
configuration, include new test data showing that the new or modified
engine configuration meets the requirements of this part.
(c) We may ask for more test data or engineering evaluations. You
must give us these within 30 days after we request them.
(d) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, we will determine whether the existing certificate of
conformity covers your newly added or modified engine. You may ask for a
hearing if we deny your request (see Sec. 1048.820).
(e) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified engine
configuration anytime after you send us your amended application and
before we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However,
if we determine that the affected engines do not meet applicable
requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the engines and
may require you to recall the engines at no expense to the owner.
Choosing to produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be
consent to recall all engines that we determine do not meet applicable
emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the nonconformity
at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide information required
under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days after we request it,
you must stop producing the new or modified engines.

[73 FR 59235, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.230 How do I select engine families?

(a) For purposes of certification, divide your product line into
families of engines that are expected to have similar emission
characteristics throughout the useful life as described in this section.
Your engine family is limited to a single model year.
(b) Group engines in the same engine family if they are the same in
all of the following aspects:
(1) The combustion cycle.
(2) The cooling system (water-cooled vs. air-cooled).
(3) Configuration of the fuel system (for example, fuel-injected vs.
carbureted gasoline engines).
(4) Method of air aspiration.
(5) The number, location, volume, and composition of catalytic
converters.
(6) The number, arrangement (such as in-line or vee configuration),
and approximate bore diameter of cylinders.
(c) You may subdivide a group of engines that is identical under
paragraph (b) of this section into different engine families if you show
the expected emission characteristics are different during the useful
life.
(d) In unusual circumstances, you may group engines that are not
identical with respect to the things listed in paragraph (b) of this
section in the same engine family if you show that their emission
characteristics during the useful life will be similar.
(e) You may create separate families for exhaust emissions and
evaporative

[[Page 447]]

emissions. If we do this, list both families on the emission control
information label.
(f) Where necessary, you may divide an engine family into sub-
families to meet different emission standards, as specified in Sec.
1048.101(a)(2). For issues related to compliance and prohibited actions,
we will generally apply decisions to the whole engine family. For engine
labels and other administrative provisions, we may approve your request
for separate treatment of sub-families.

[70 FR 40473, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59235, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a

certificate of conformity?

This section describes the emission testing you must perform to show
compliance with the emission standards in Sec. Sec. 1048.101(a) and (b)
and 1048.105 during certification. See Sec. 1048.205(q) regarding
emission testing related to the field-testing standards. See Sec.
1048.240 and 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E, regarding service accumulation
before emission testing.
(a) Test your emission-data engines using the procedures and
equipment specified in subpart F of this part.
(b) Select emission-data engines according to the following
criteria:
(1) Exhaust testing. For each fuel type from each engine family,
select an emission-data engine with a configuration that is most likely
to exceed the exhaust emission standards, using good engineering
judgment. Consider the emission levels of all exhaust constituents over
the full useful life of the engine when operated in a piece of
equipment.
(2) Evaporative testing. For each engine family that includes a
volatile liquid fuel, select a test fuel system with a configuration
that is most likely to exceed the evaporative emission standards, using
good engineering judgment.
(c) We may measure emissions from any of your test engines or other
engines from the engine family, as follows:
(1) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. If we do this, you must deliver the test engine to a test
facility we designate. The test engine you provide must include
appropriate manifolds, aftertreatment devices, electronic control units,
and other emission-related components not normally attached directly to
the engine block. If we do the testing at your plant, you must schedule
it as soon as possible and make available the instruments, personnel,
and equipment we need.
(2) If we measure emissions on one of your test engines, the results
of that testing become the official emission results for the engine.
Unless we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to consider
your data in determining if your engine family meets applicable
requirements.
(3) Before we test one of your engines, we may set its adjustable
parameters to any point within the physically adjustable ranges (see
Sec. 1048.115(e)).
(4) Before we test one of your engines, we may calibrate it within
normal production tolerances for anything we do not consider an
adjustable parameter. For example, this would apply where we determine
that an engine parameter is not an adjustable parameter (as defined in
Sec. 1048.801) but that it is subject to production variability.
(d) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous model
year instead of doing new tests, but only if all the following are true:
(1) The engine family from the previous model year differs from the
current engine family only with respect to model year or other
characteristics unrelated to emissions. You may also ask to add a
configuration subject to Sec. 1048.225.
(2) The emission-data engine from the previous model year remains
the appropriate emission-data engine under paragraph (b) of this
section.
(3) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the
requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the application
for certification.
(e) We may require you to test another engine of the same or
different configuration in addition to the engine tested under paragraph
(b) of this section.

[[Page 448]]

(f) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in subpart F of this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.
(g) Measure CO2 and CH4 with each low-hour
certification test using the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065
starting in the 2011 and 2012 model years, respectively. Also measure
N2O with each low-hour certification test using the
procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065 starting in the 2013 model year
for any engine family that depends on NOx aftertreatment to meet
emission standards. Small-volume engine manufacturers may omit
measurement of N2O and CH4. These measurements are
not required for measurements using field-testing procedures. Use the
same units and modal calculations as for your other results to report a
single weighted value for each constituent. Round the final values as
follows:
(1) Round CO2 to the nearest 1 g/kW-hr.
(2) Round N2O to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr.
(3) Round CH4 to the nearest 0.001g/kW-hr.

[70 FR 40473, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59235, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 56510, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1048.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with

exhaust emission standards?

(a) For purposes of certification, your engine family is considered
in compliance with the applicable numerical emission standards in Sec.
1048.101(a) and (b) if all emission-data engines representing that
family have test results showing official emission results and
deteriorated emission levels at or below these standards. This includes
all test points over the course of the durability demonstration. This
also applies for all test points for emission-data engines within the
family used to establish deterioration factors. See paragraph (e) of
this section for provisions related to demonstrating compliance with
field-testing standards.
(b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data
engine representing that family has test results showing an official
emission result or a deteriorated emission level for any pollutant that
is above an applicable emission standard from Sec. 1048.101(a) and (b).
Similarly, your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-
data engine representing that family has test results showing any
emission level above the applicable field-testing standard for any
pollutant. This also applies for all test points for emission-data
engines within the family used to establish deterioration factors.
(c) To compare emission levels from the emission-data engine with
the applicable emission standards, apply deterioration factors to the
measured emission levels for each pollutant. Specify the deterioration
factors based on emission measurements using four significant figures,
consistent with good engineering judgment. For example, your
deterioration factors must take into account any available data from in-
use testing with similar engines (see subpart E of this part). Small-
volume engine manufacturers may use assigned deterioration factors that
we establish. In addition, anyone may use assigned deterioration factors
for engine families with a projected U.S.-directed production volume at
or below 300 engines. Apply deterioration factors as follows:
(1) Multiplicative deterioration factor. Except as specified in
paragraph (c)(2) of this section, use a multiplicative deterioration
factor for exhaust emissions. A multiplicative deterioration factor is
the ratio of exhaust emissions at the end of useful life to exhaust
emissions at the low-hour test point. Adjust the official emission
results for each tested engine at the selected test point by multiplying
the measured emissions by the deterioration factor. If the factor is
less than one, use one.
(2) Additive deterioration factor. Use an additive deterioration
factor for exhaust emissions if engines do not use aftertreatment
technology. Also, you may use an additive deterioration factor for
exhaust emissions for a particular pollutant if all the emission-data
engines in the engine family have

[[Page 449]]

low-hour emission levels at or below 0.3 g/kW-hr for HC+NOX
or 0.5 g/kW-hr for CO, unless a multiplicative deterioration factor is
more appropriate. For example, you should use a multiplicative
deterioration factor if emission increases are best represented by the
ratio of exhaust emissions at the end of the useful life to exhaust
emissions at the low-hour test point. An additive deterioration factor
is the difference between exhaust emissions at the end of useful life
and exhaust emissions at the low-hour test point. Adjust the official
emission results for each tested engine at the selected test point by
adding the factor to the measured emissions. If the factor is less than
zero, use zero.
(d) Collect emission data using measurements to one more decimal
place than the applicable standard. Apply the deterioration factor to
the official emission result, as described in paragraph (c) of this
section, then round the adjusted figure to the same number of decimal
places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded emission levels to
the emission standard for each emission-data engine. In the case of HC +
NOX standards, apply the deterioration factor to each
pollutant and then add the results before rounding.
(e) Use good engineering judgment to demonstrate compliance with
field-testing standards throughout the useful life. You may, but are not
required to, apply the same deterioration factors used to show
compliance with the applicable duty-cycle standards.

[70 FR 40474, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59236, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.245 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with

evaporative emission standards?

(a) For certification, your engine family is considered in
compliance with the evaporative emission standards in subpart B of this
part if you do either of the following:
(1) You have test results showing that evaporative emissions in the
family are at or below the standards throughout the useful life.
(2) Where applicable, you comply with the design specifications in
paragraph (e) of this section.
(b) Your engine family does not comply if any fuel system
representing that family has test results showing emission levels above
the standards.
(c) Use good engineering judgment to develop a test plan to
establish deterioration factors to show how much emissions increase at
the end of the useful life.
(d) If you adjust the emission levels for deterioration, round them
to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard. Compare
the rounded emission levels to the emission standard for each test fuel
system.
(e) You may demonstrate that your engine family complies with the
evaporative emission standards by demonstrating that you use the
following control technologies:
(1) For certification to the standards specified in Sec.
1048.105(c), with the following technologies:
(i) Use a tethered or self-closing gas cap on a fuel tank that stays
sealed up to a positive pressure of 24.5 kPa (3.5 psig); however, they
may contain air inlets that open when there is a vacuum pressure inside
the tank. Nonmetal fuel tanks must also use one of the qualifying
designs for controlling permeation emissions specified in 40 CFR
1060.240.
(ii) [Reserved]
(2) For certification to the standards specified in Sec.
1048.105(d), demonstrating that you use design features to prevent fuel
boiling under all normal operation. If you install engines in equipment,
you may do this using fuel temperature data measured during normal
operation. Otherwise, you may do this by including appropriate
information in your emission-related installation instructions.
(3) We may establish additional options for design-based
certification where we find that new test data demonstrate that a
technology will ensure compliance with the emission standards in this
section.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40474, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59236, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.250 What records must I keep and make available to EPA?

(a) Send the Designated Compliance Officer information related to
your

[[Page 450]]

U.S.-directed production volumes as described in Sec. 1048.345. In
addition, within 45 days after the end of the model year, you must send
us a report describing information about engines you produced during the
model year as follows:
(1) State the total production volume for each engine family that is
not subject to reporting under Sec. 1048.345.
(2) State the total production volume for any engine family for
which you produce engines after completing the reports required in Sec.
1048.345.
(3) For production volumes you report under this paragraph (a),
identify whether or not the figures include California sales. Include a
separate count of production volumes for California sales if those
figures are available.
(b) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1048.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of each emission-data engine. For each
engine, describe all of the following:
(i) The emission-data engine's construction, including its origin
and buildup, steps you took to ensure that it represents production
engines, any components you built specially for it, and all the
components you include in your application for certification.
(ii) How you accumulated engine operating hours (service
accumulation), including the dates and the number of hours accumulated.
(iii) All maintenance, including modifications, parts changes, and
other service, and the dates and reasons for the maintenance.
(iv) All your emission tests, including documentation on routine and
standard tests, as specified in part 40 CFR part 1065, and the date and
purpose of each test.
(v) All tests to diagnose engine or emission-control performance,
giving the date and time of each and the reasons for the test.
(vi) Any other significant events.
(4) Production figures for each engine family divided by assembly
plant.
(5) Keep a list of engine identification numbers for all the engines
you produce under each certificate of conformity.
(c) Keep data from routine emission tests (such as test cell
temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one year after we issue
the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all other information
specified in this section for eight years after we issue your
certificate.
(d) Store these records in any format and on any media, as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review
them at any time.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40474, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59236, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of

conformity?

[[Page 451]]

where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all engines being produced.
(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the Act
or this part.
(d) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information as required under this part or the
Act.
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1048.820).

[70 FR 40474, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59236, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart D_Testing Production-line Engines

Sec. 1048.301 When must I test my production-line engines?

(a) If you produce engines that are subject to the requirements of
this part, you must test them as described in this subpart, except as
follows:
(1) [Reserved]
(2) We may exempt engine families with a projected U.S.-directed
production volume below 150 units from routine testing under this
subpart. Request this exemption in your application for certification
and include your basis for projecting a production volume below 150
units. We will approve your request if we agree that you have made good-
faith estimates of your production volumes. Your exemption is approved
when we grant your certificate. You must promptly notify us if your
actual production exceeds 150 units during the model year. If you exceed
the production limit or if there is evidence of a nonconformity, we may
require you to test production-line engines under this subpart, or under
40 CFR part 1068, subpart E, even if we have approved an exemption under
this paragraph (a)(2).
(b) We may suspend or revoke your certificate of conformity for
certain engine families if your production-line engines do not meet the
requirements of this part or you do not fulfill your obligations under
this subpart (see Sec. Sec. 1048.325 and 1048.340).
(c) Other regulatory provisions authorize us to suspend, revoke, or
void your certificate of conformity, or order recalls for engine
families, without regard to whether they have passed these production-
line testing requirements. The requirements of this subpart do not
affect our ability to do selective enforcement audits, as described in
part 1068 of this chapter. Individual engines in families that pass
these production-line testing requirements must also conform to all
applicable regulations of this part and part 1068 of this chapter.
(d) You may use alternate programs for testing production-line
engines in the following circumstances:
(1) You may use analyzers and sampling systems that meet the field-
testing requirements of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J, but not the
otherwise applicable requirements in 40 CFR part 1065 for laboratory
testing, to demonstrate compliance with duty-cycle emission standards if
you double the minimum sampling rate specified in Sec. 1048.310(b). Use
measured test results to determine whether engines comply with
applicable standards without applying a measurement allowance. This
alternate program does not require prior approval but we may disallow
use of this option where we determine that use of field-grade equipment
would prevent you from being able to demonstrate that your engines are
being produced to conform to the specifications in your application for
certification.
(2) You may ask to use another alternate program for testing
production-line engines. In your request, you must show us that the
alternate program gives equal assurance that your products meet the
requirements of this part. We may waive some or all of this subpart's
requirements if we approve your alternate approach. For example, in
certain circumstances you may be able to give us equal assurance that
your products meet the requirements of this part by using less rigorous
measurement methods if you offset that by increasing the number of test
engines.

[[Page 452]]

(e) If you certify an engine family with carryover emission data, as
described in Sec. 1048.235(d), and these equivalent engine families
consistently pass the production-line testing requirements over the
preceding two-year period, you may ask for a reduced testing rate for
further production-line testing for that family. The minimum testing
rate is one engine per engine family. If we reduce your testing rate, we
may limit our approval to any number of model years. In determining
whether to approve your request, we may consider the number of engines
that have failed the emission tests.
(f) We may ask you to make a reasonable number of production-line
engines available for a reasonable time so we can test or inspect them
for compliance with the requirements of this part.

[73 FR 59236, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line engines?

This section describes how to prepare and test production-line
engines. You must assemble the test engine in a way that represents the
assembly procedures for other engines in the engine family. You must ask
us to approve any deviations from your normal assembly procedures for
other production engines in the engine family.
(a) Test procedures. Test your production-line engines using either
the steady-state or transient testing procedures specified in subpart F
of this part to show you meet the duty-cycle emission standards in
subpart B of this part. The field-testing standards apply for this
testing, but you need not do additional testing to show that production-
line engines meet the field-testing standards.
(b) Modifying a test engine. Once an engine is selected for testing
(see Sec. 1048.310), you may adjust, repair, prepare, or modify it or
check its emissions only if one of the following is true:
(1) You document the need for doing so in your procedures for
assembling and inspecting all your production engines and make the
action routine for all the engines in the engine family.
(2) This subpart otherwise specifically allows your action.
(3) We approve your action in advance.
(c) Engine malfunction. If an engine malfunction prevents further
emission testing, ask us to approve your decision to either repair the
engine or delete it from the test sequence.
(d) Setting adjustable parameters. Before any test, we may require
you to adjust any adjustable parameter to any setting within its
physically adjustable range.
(1) We may require you to adjust idle speed outside the physically
adjustable range as needed, but only until the engine has stabilized
emission levels (see paragraph (e) of this section). We may ask you for
information needed to establish an alternate minimum idle speed.
(2) We may specify adjustments within the physically adjustable
range by considering their effect on emission levels. We may also
consider how likely it is that someone will make such an adjustment with
in-use equipment.
(e) Stabilizing emission levels. Before you test production-line
engines, you may operate the engine to stabilize the emission levels.
Using good engineering judgment, operate your engines in a way that
represents the way production engines will be used. You may operate each
engine for no more than the greater of two periods:
(1) 50 hours.
(2) The number of hours you operated your emission-data engine for
certifying the engine family (see 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E).
(f) Damage during shipment. If shipping an engine to a remote
facility for production-line testing makes necessary an adjustment or
repair, you must wait until after the initial emission test to do this
work. We may waive this requirement if the test would be impossible or
unsafe, or if it would permanently damage the engine. Report to us, in
your written report under Sec. 1048.345, all adjustments or repairs you
make on test engines before each test.
(g) Retesting after invalid tests. You may retest an engine if you
determine an emission test is invalid under subpart F of this part.
Explain in your written report reasons for invalidating any test and the
emission results from

[[Page 453]]

all tests. If we determine that you improperly invalidated a test, we
may require you to ask for our approval for future testing before
substituting results of the new tests for invalid ones.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40475, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59237, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.310 How must I select engines for production-line testing?

(a) Use test results from two engines each quarter to calculate the
required sample size for the model year for each engine family.
(b) Early in each calendar quarter, randomly select and test two
engines from the end of the assembly line for each engine family.
(c) Calculate the required sample size for each engine family.
Separately calculate this figure for HC+NOX and CO. The
required sample size is the greater of these calculated values. Use the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.091

Where:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
n t95 n t95 n t95
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 6.31 12 1.80 22 1.72
3 2.92 13 1.78 23 1.72
4 2.35 14 1.77 24 1.71
5 2.13 15 1.76 25 1.71
6 2.02 16 1.75 26 1.71
7 1.94 17 1.75 27 1.71
8 1.90 18 1.74 28 1.70
9 1.86 19 1.73 29 1.70
10 1.83 20 1.73 30+ 1.70
11 1.81 21 1.72 ......................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) Calculate the standard deviation, [sigma], for the test sample
using the following formula:

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.092

Xi = Emission test result for an individual engine.
n = The number of tests completed in an engine family.

(d) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equations in paragraph (c) of this section (see Sec.
1048.315(a)).
(e) After each new test, recalculate the required sample size using
the updated mean values, standard deviations, and the appropriate 95-
percent confidence coefficient.
(f) Distribute the remaining tests evenly throughout the rest of the
year. You may need to adjust your schedule for selecting engines if the
required sample size changes. If your scheduled quarterly testing for
the remainder of the model year is sufficient to meet the calculated
sample size, you may wait until the next quarter to do additional
testing. Continue to randomly select engines from each engine family.
(g) Continue testing until one of the following things happens:

[[Page 454]]

(1) After completing the minimum number of tests required in
paragraph (b) of this section, the number of tests completed in an
engine family, n, is greater than the required sample size, N, and the
sample mean, x, is less than or equal to the emission standard. For
example, if N = 5.1 after the fifth test, the sample-size calculation
does not allow you to stop testing.
(2) The engine family does not comply according to Sec. 1048.315.
(3) You test 30 engines from the engine family.
(4) You test one percent of your projected annual U.S.-directed
production volume for the engine family, rounded to the nearest whole
number. Do not count an engine under this paragraph (g)(4) if it fails
to meet an applicable emission standard. You may stop testing after you
test one percent of your production volume even if you have not tested
the number of engines specified in paragraph (b) of this section. For
example, if projected volume is 475 engines, test two engines in each of
the first two quarters and one engine in the third quarter to fulfill
your testing requirements under this section for that engine family.
(5) You choose to declare that the engine family does not comply
with the requirements of this subpart.
(h) If the sample-size calculation allows you to stop testing for
one pollutant but not another, you must continue measuring emission
levels of all pollutants for any additional tests required under this
section. However, you need not continue making the calculations
specified in this subpart for the pollutant for which testing is not
required. This paragraph (h) does not affect the number of tests
required under this section, the required calculations in Sec.
1048.315, or the remedial steps required under Sec. 1048.320.
(i) You may elect to test more randomly chosen engines than we
require under this section. Include these engines in the sample-size
calculations.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40475, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59237, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.315 How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line

testing requirements?

This section describes the pass/fail criteria for the production-
line testing requirements. We apply these criteria on an engine-family
basis. See Sec. 1048.320 for the requirements that apply to individual
engines that fail a production-line test.
(a) Calculate your test results as follows:
(1) Initial and final test results. Calculate and round the test
results for each engine. If you do several tests on an engine, calculate
the initial results for each test, then add all the test results
together and divide by the number of tests. Round this final calculated
value for the final test results on that engine.
(2) Final deteriorated test results. Apply the deterioration factor
for the engine family to the final test results (see Sec. 1048.240(c)).
(3) Round deteriorated test results. Round the results to the number
of decimal places in the emission standard expressed to one more decimal
place.
(b) Construct the following CumSum Equation for each engine family
for HC+NOX and CO emissions:

Ci = Max [0 or Ci-1 + Xi - (STD + 0.25
x [sigma])]

Where:

(c) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equation in paragraph (b) of this section (see Sec.
1048.315(a)).
(d) After each new test, recalculate the CumSum statistic.
(e) If you test more than the required number of engines, include
the results from these additional tests in the CumSum Equation.
(f) After each test, compare the current CumSum statistic,
Ci, to the recalculated Action Limit, H, defined as H = 5.0 x
[sigma].
(g) If the CumSum statistic exceeds the Action Limit in two
consecutive

[[Page 455]]

tests, the engine family fails the production-line testing requirements
of this subpart. Tell us within ten working days if this happens.
(h) If you amend the application for certification for an engine
family (see Sec. 1048.225), do not change any previous calculations of
sample size or CumSum statistics for the model year.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40475, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59238, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails to meet

emission standards?

If you have a production-line engine with final deteriorated test
results exceeding one or more emission standards (see Sec.
1048.315(a)), the certificate of conformity is automatically suspended
for that failing engine. You must take the following actions before your
certificate of conformity can cover that engine:
(a) Correct the problem and retest the engine to show it complies
with all emission standards.
(b) Include the test results and describe the remedy for each engine
in the written report required under Sec. 1048.345.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 73 FR 59238, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line

testing requirements?

(a) We may suspend your certificate of conformity for an engine
family if it fails under Sec. 1048.315. The suspension may apply to all
facilities producing engines from an engine family, even if you find
noncompliant engines only at one facility.
(b) We will tell you in writing if we suspend your certificate in
whole or in part. We will not suspend a certificate until at least 15
days after the engine family fails. The suspension is effective when you
receive our notice.
(c) Up to 15 days after we suspend the certificate for an engine
family, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1048.820). If we agree
before a hearing occurs that we used erroneous information in deciding
to suspend the certificate, we will reinstate the certificate.
(d) Section 1048.335 specifies steps you must take to remedy the
cause of the engine family's production-line failure. All the engines
you have produced since the end of the last test period are presumed
noncompliant and should be addressed in your proposed remedy. We may
require you to apply the remedy to engines produced earlier if we
determine that the cause of the failure is likely to have affected the
earlier engines.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40475, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59238, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.330 May I sell engines from an engine family with a suspended

certificate of conformity?

You may sell engines that you produce after we suspend the engine
family's certificate of conformity under Sec. 1048.315 only if one of
the following occurs:
(a) You test each engine you produce and show it complies with
emission standards that apply.
(b) We conditionally reinstate the certificate for the engine
family. We may do so if you agree to recall all the affected engines and
remedy any noncompliance at no expense to the owner if later testing
shows that the engine family still does not comply.

Sec. 1048.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?

Sec. 1048.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how

may I sell these engines again?

(a) We may revoke your certificate for an engine family in the
following cases:
(1) You do not meet the reporting requirements.

[[Page 456]]

(2) Your engine family fails to comply with the requirements of this
subpart and your proposed remedy to address a suspended certificate
under Sec. 1048.325 is inadequate to solve the problem or requires you
to change the engine's design or emission-control system.
(b) To sell engines from an engine family with a revoked certificate
of conformity, you must modify the engine family and then show it
complies with the requirements of this part.
(1) If we determine your proposed design change may not control
emissions for the engine's full useful life, we will tell you within
five working days after receiving your report. In this case we will
decide whether production-line testing will be enough for us to evaluate
the change or whether you need to do more testing.
(2) Unless we require more testing, you may show compliance by
testing production-line engines as described in this subpart.
(3) We will issue a new or updated certificate of conformity when
you have met these requirements.

Sec. 1048.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

(a) Within 30 calendar days of the end of each calendar quarter,
send us a report with the following information:
(1) Describe any facility used to test production-line engines and
state its location.
(2) State the total U.S.-directed production volume and number of
tests for each engine family.
(3) Describe how you randomly selected engines.
(4) Describe each test engine, including the engine family's
identification and the engine's model year, build date, model number,
identification number, and number of hours of operation before testing.
(5) Identify how you accumulated hours of operation on the engines
and describe the procedure and schedule you used.
(6) Provide the test number; the date, time and duration of testing;
test procedure; all initial test results; final test results; and final
deteriorated test results for all tests. Provide the emission results
for all measured pollutants. Include information for both valid and
invalid tests and the reason for any invalidation.
(7) Describe completely and justify any nonroutine adjustment,
modification, repair, preparation, maintenance, or test for the test
engine if you did not report it separately under this subpart. Include
the results of any emission measurements, regardless of the procedure or
type of equipment.
(8) Provide the CumSum analysis required in Sec. 1048.315 and the
sample-size calculation required in Sec. 1048.310 for each engine
family.
(9) Report on each failed engine as described in Sec. 1048.320.
(10) State the date the calendar quarter ended for each engine
family.
(b) We may ask you to add information to your written report, so we
can determine whether your new engines conform with the requirements of
this subpart. We may also ask you to send less information.
(c) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
following statement:

We submit this report under Sections 208 and 213 of the Clean Air
Act. Our production-line testing conformed completely with the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1048. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for test engines in a way that
might affect emission controls. All the information in this report is
true and accurate, to the best of my knowledge. I know of the penalties
for violating the Clean Air Act and the regulations. (Authorized Company
Representative)

(d) Send electronic reports of production-line testing to the
Designated Compliance Officer using an approved information format. If
you want to use a different format, send us a written request with
justification for a waiver.
(e) We will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public
who asks for them. See Sec. 1048.815 for information on how we treat
information you consider confidential.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40476, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59238, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.350 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this section.
We may review your records at any time.

[[Page 457]]

(b) Keep paper or electronic records of your production-line testing
for eight years after you complete all the testing required for an
engine family in a model year.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1048.345.
(d) Keep the following additional records:
(1) A description of all test equipment for each test cell that you
can use to test production-line engines.
(2) The names of supervisors involved in each test.
(3) The name of anyone who authorizes adjusting, repairing,
preparing, or modifying a test engine and the names of all supervisors
who oversee this work.
(4) If you shipped the engine for testing, the date you shipped it,
the associated storage or port facility, and the date the engine arrived
at the testing facility.
(5) Any records related to your production-line tests that are not
in the written report.
(6) A brief description of any significant events during testing not
otherwise described in the written report or in this section.
(7) Any information specified in Sec. 1048.345 that you do not
include in your written reports.
(e) If we ask, you must give us projected or actual production
figures for an engine family. We may ask you to divide your production
figures by maximum engine power, displacement, fuel type, or assembly
plant (if you produce engines at more than one plant).
(f) Keep records of the engine identification number for each engine
you produce under each certificate of conformity. You may identify these
numbers as a range. Give us these records within 30 days if we ask for
them.
(g) We may ask you to keep or send other information necessary to
implement this subpart.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40476, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59239, Oct. 8, 2008]

Subpart E_Testing In-use Engines

Sec. 1048.401 What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone

into service?

(a) If you produce engines that are subject to the requirements of
this part, you must test them as described in this subpart. This
generally involves testing engines in the field or removing them for
measurement in a laboratory.
(b) We may approve an alternate plan for showing that in-use engines
comply with the requirements of this part if one of the following is
true:
(1) You produce 200 or fewer engines per year in the selected engine
family.
(2) Removing the engine from most of the applications for that
engine family causes significant, irreparable damage to the equipment.
(3) You identify a unique aspect of your engine applications that
keeps you from doing the required in-use testing.
(c) We may void your certificate of conformity for an engine family
if you do not meet your obligations under this part.
(d) Independent of your responsibility to test in-use engines, we
may choose at any time to do our own testing of your in-use engines.
(e) If in-use testing shows that engines fail to meet emission
standards or other requirements of this part, we may pursue a recall or
other remedy as allowed by the Act (see Sec. 1048.415).

Sec. 1048.405 How does this program work?

(a) You must test in-use engines, for exhaust emissions, from the
families we select. We may select up to 25 percent of your engine
families in any model year--or one engine family if you have three or
fewer families. We will select engine families for testing before the
end of the model year. When we select an engine family for testing, we
may specify that you preferentially test engines based on fuel type or
equipment type. In addition, we may identify specific modes of operation
or sampling times. You may choose to test additional engine families
that we do not select.
(b) Send us an in-use testing plan within six months after we direct
you

[[Page 458]]

to test a particular engine family. If we request additional information
or require you to modify your plan to meet the requirements of this
subpart, you must provide the information or the modified plan within 30
days of our request. Complete the testing within 36 months after we
direct you to test a particular engine family.
(c) You may need to test engines from more than one model year at a
given time.
(d) In appropriate extreme and unusual circumstances that are
clearly outside your control and could not have been avoided by the
exercise of prudence, diligence, and due care, we may allow more time to
complete testing or we may waive the in-use testing requirement for an
engine family. For example, if your test fleet is destroyed by severe
weather during service accumulation and we agree that completion of
testing is not possible, we would generally waive testing requirements
for that engine family.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 73 FR 59239, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.410 How must I select, prepare, and test my in-use engines?

(a) You may make arrangements to select representative test engines
from your own fleet or from other independent sources.
(b) For the selected engine families, select engines that you or
your customers have--
(1) Operated for at least 50 percent of the engine family's useful
life (see Sec. 1048.101(d));
(2) Not maintained or used in an abnormal way; and
(3) Documented in terms of total hours of operation, maintenance,
operating conditions, and storage.
(c) Use the following methods to determine the number of engines you
must test in each engine family:
(1) Test at least two engines if you produce 2,000 or fewer engines
in the model year from all engine families, or if you produce 500 or
fewer engines from the selected engine family. Otherwise, test at least
four engines.
(2) If you successfully complete an in-use test program on an engine
family and later certify an equivalent engine family with carryover
emission data, as described in Sec. 1048.235(c), then test at least one
engine instead of the testing rates in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(3) If you test the minimum required number of engines and all
comply fully with emission standards, you may stop testing.
(4) For each engine that fails any applicable standard, test two
more. Regardless of measured emission levels, you do not have to test
more than ten engines in an engine family. You may do more tests than we
require.
(5) You may concede that the engine family does not comply before
testing a total of ten engines.
(d) You may do minimal maintenance to set components of a test
engine to specifications for anything we do not consider an adjustable
parameter (see Sec. 1048.205(p)). Limit maintenance to what is in the
owner's instructions for engines with that amount of service and age.
Document all maintenance and adjustments.
(e) You may do repeat measurements with a test engine; however, you
must conduct the same number of tests on each engine.
(f) For a test program on an engine family, choose one of the
following methods to test your engines:
(1) Remove the selected engines for testing in a laboratory. Use the
applicable steady-state and transient procedures in subpart F of this
part to show compliance with the duty-cycle standards in Sec.
1048.101(a) and (b). We may direct you to measure emissions on the
dynamometer using the supplemental test procedures in Sec. 1048.515 to
show compliance with the field-testing standards in Sec. 1048.101(c).
(2) Test the selected engines while they remain installed in the
equipment. Use the field testing procedures in subpart F of this part.
Measure emissions during normal operation of the equipment to show
compliance with the field-testing standards in Sec. 1048.101(c). We may
direct you to include specific areas of normal operation.
(g) You may ask us to waive parts of the prescribed test procedures
if they are not necessary to determine in-use compliance.

[[Page 459]]

(h) Calculate the average emission levels for an engine family from
the results for the set of tested engines. Round them to the number of
decimal places in the emission standards expressed to one more decimal
place.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 73 FR 59239, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.415 What happens if in-use engines do not meet requirements?

(a) Determine the reason each in-use engine exceeds the emission
standards.
(b) If the average emission levels calculated in Sec. 1048.410(h)
exceed any of the emission standards that apply, notify us within
fifteen days of completing testing on this family. Otherwise follow the
reporting instructions in Sec. 1048.420.
(c) We will consider failure rates, average emission levels, and any
defects--among other things--to decide on taking remedial action under
this subpart (see 40 CFR 1068.505). We may consider the results from any
voluntary additional testing you perform. We may also consider
information related to testing from other engine families showing that
you designed them to exceed the minimum requirements for controlling
emissions. We may order a recall before or after you complete testing of
an engine family if we determine a substantial number of engines do not
conform to section 213 of the Act or to this part. The scope of the
recall may include other engine families in the same or different model
years if the cause of the problem identified in paragraph (a) of this
section applies more broadly than the tested engine family, as allowed
by the Act.
(d) If in-use testing reveals a design or manufacturing defect that
prevents engines from meeting the requirements of this part, you must
correct the defect as soon as possible for any future production for
engines in every family affected by the defect. See 40 CFR 1068.501 for
additional requirements related to defect reporting.
(e) You may voluntarily recall an engine family for emission
failures, as described in 40 CFR 1068.535, unless we have ordered a
recall for that family under 40 CFR 1068.505.
(f) You have the right to a hearing before we order you to recall
your engines or implement an alternative remedy (see Sec. 1048.820).

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 73 FR 59239, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.420 What in-use testing information must I report to EPA?

(a) In a report to us within three months after you finish testing
an engine family, do all the following:
(1) Identify the engine family, model, serial number, and date of
manufacture.
(2) For each engine inspected or considered for testing, identify
whether the diagnostic system was functioning.
(3) Describe the specific reasons for disqualifying any engines for
not being properly maintained or used.
(4) For each engine selected for testing, include the following
information:
(i) Estimate the hours each engine was used before testing.
(ii) Describe all maintenance, adjustments, modifications, and
repairs to each test engine.
(5) State the date and time of each test attempt.
(6) Include the results of all emission testing, including
incomplete or invalidated tests, if any.
(b) Send electronic reports of in-use testing to the Designated
Compliance Officer using an approved information format. If you want to
use a different format, send us a written request with justification for
a waiver.
(c) We will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public
who asks for them. See Sec. 1048.815 for information on how we treat
information you consider confidential.
(d) We may ask for more information.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40476, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1048.425 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this section.
We may review your records at any time.
(b) Keep paper records of your in-use testing for one full year
after you complete all the testing required for an engine family in a
model year. You may use any additional storage formats or media if you
like.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1048.420.

[[Page 460]]

(d) Keep any additional records related to the procurement process.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40476, July 13, 2005]

Subpart F_Test Procedures

Sec. 1048.501 How do I run a valid emission test?

(a) Use the equipment and procedures for spark-ignition engines in
40 CFR part 1065 to determine whether engines meet the duty-cycle
emission standards in Sec. 1048.101(a) and (b). Measure the emissions
of all the pollutants we regulate in Sec. 1048.101 using the sampling
procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065. Measure CO2,
N2O, and CH4 as described in Sec. 1048.235. Use
the applicable duty cycles specified in Sec. Sec. 1048.505 and
1048.510.
(b) Section 1048.515 describes the supplemental procedures for
evaluating whether engines meet the field-testing emission standards in
Sec. 1048.101(c).
(c) Use the fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR part 1065,
subpart H, to perform valid tests for all the testing we require in this
part, except as noted in Sec. 1048.515. For service accumulation, use
the test fuel or any commercially available fuel that is representative
of the fuel that in-use engines will use.
(d) In place of the provisions of 40 CFR 1065.405, you may consider
emission levels stable without measurement after 50 hours of engine
operation.
(e) To test engines for evaporative emissions, use the equipment and
procedures specified for testing diurnal emissions as described in 40
CFR 1060.525, subject to the following provisions:
(1) Precondition nonmetal fuel tanks as specified in 40 CFR
1060.520(a) and (b).
(2) For engines equipped with carbon canisters that store fuel
vapors that will be purged for combustion in the engine, precondition
the canister as specified in 40 CFR 86.132-96(h) and then operate the
engine for 60 minutes over repeat runs of the duty cycle specified in
Appendix I of this part.
(3) Start the diurnal emission test after the engine is stabilized
at room temperatures, but within 36 hours after the engine operation
specified in paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
(4) You may not separately measure permeation emissions from
nonmetal fuel tanks for subtracting from the diurnal emission
measurement.
(5) Note that you may omit testing for evaporative emissions during
certification if you certify by design, as specified in Sec. 1048.245.
(f) You may use special or alternate procedures to the extent we
allow them under 40 CFR 1065.10.
(g) This subpart is addressed to you as a manufacturer, but it
applies equally to anyone who does testing for you, and to us when we
perform testing to determine if your engines meet emission standards.

[70 FR 40476, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59239, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 56510, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1048.505 How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including

ramped-modal testing?

[[Page 461]]

emissions for 1-3 minutes in each mode.
(ii) Engines without lean NOX aftertreatment. For other engines,
operate the engine for at least 5 minutes, then sample emissions for at
least 1 minute in each mode.
(2) For ramped-modal testing, start sampling at the beginning of the
first mode and continue sampling until the end of the last mode.
Calculate emissions and cycle statistics the same as for transient
testing as specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G.
(b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
one or more of the following sets of duty cycles to determine whether it
meets the steady-state emission standards in Sec. 1048.101(b):
(1) For engines from an engine family that will be used only in
variable-speed applications, use one of the following duty cycles:
(i) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

Table 1 of Sec. 1048.505
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque Weighting
C2 mode No. Engine speed \1\ (percent) \2\ factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............................................. Maximum test speed.............. 25 0.06
2............................................. Intermediate test............... 100 0.02
3............................................. Intermediate test............... 75 0.05
4............................................. Intermediate test............... 50 0.32
5............................................. Intermediate test............... 25 0.30
6............................................. Intermediate test............... 10 0.10
7............................................. Warm idle....................... 0 0.15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at the given engine speed.

(ii) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

Table 2 of Sec. 1048.505
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode
RMC mode (seconds) Engine speed \1,2\ Torque (percent) \2,3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state.................... 119 Warm idle............. 0
1b Transition...................... 20 Linear transition..... Linear transition.
2a Steady-state.................... 29 Intermediate speed.... 100
2b Transition...................... 20 Intermediate speed.... Linear transition.
3a Steady-state.................... 150 Intermediate speed.... 10
3b Transition...................... 20 Intermediate speed.... Linear transition.
4a Steady-state.................... 80 Intermediate speed.... 75
4b Transition...................... 20 Intermediate speed.... Linear transition.
5a Steady-state.................... 513 Intermediate speed.... 25
5b Transition...................... 20 Intermediate speed.... Linear transition.
6a Steady-state.................... 549 Intermediate speed.... 50
6b Transition...................... 20 Linear transition..... Linear transition.
7a Steady-state.................... 96 Maximum test speed.... 25
7b Transition...................... 20 Linear transition..... Linear transition.
8 Steady-state..................... 124 Warm idle............. 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.
\3\ The percent torque is relative to maximum torque at the commanded engine speed.

(2) For engines from an engine family that will be used only at a
single, rated speed, use the 5-mode duty cycle or the corresponding
ramped-modal cycle described in 40 CFR part 1039, Appendix II, paragraph
(a).
(3) Use a duty cycle from both paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this
section if you will not restrict an engine family to constant-speed or
variable-speed applications.
(4) Use a duty cycle specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section
for all severe-duty engines.
(5) For high-load engines, use one of the following duty cycles:

[[Page 462]]

(i) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

Table 3 of Sec. 1048.505
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque (percent) Minimum time in Weighting
Mode No. Engine speed \1\ mode (minutes) factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............................ Maximum test speed......... 100 3.0 0.50
2............................ Maximum test speed......... 75 3.0 0.50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at maximum test speed.

(ii) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

Table 4 of Sec. 1048.505
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in mode
RMC modes (seconds) Engine speed (percent) Torque (percent) \1,\ \2\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state.................... 290 Engine governed....... 100
1b Transition...................... 20 Engine governed....... Linear transition.
2 Steady-state..................... 290 Engine governed....... 75
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The percent torque is relative to maximum test torque.
\2\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.

(c) If we test an engine to confirm that it meets the duty-cycle
emission standards, we will use the steady-state duty cycles that apply
for that engine family.
(d) During idle mode, operate the engine at its warm idle speed as
described in 40 CFR 1065.510.
(e) For full-load operating modes, operate the engine at wide-open
throttle.
(f) See 40 CFR part 1065 for detailed specifications of tolerances
and calculations.
(g) For those cases where steady-state testing does not directly
follow a transient test, perform the steady-state test according to this
section after an appropriate warm-up period, consistent with 40 CFR part
1065, subpart F.

[73 FR 59239, Oct 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.510 What transient duty cycles apply for laboratory testing?

(a) Starting with the 2007 model year, measure emissions by testing
the engine on a dynamometer with the duty cycle described in Appendix II
to determine whether it meets the transient emission standards in Sec.
1048.101(a).
(b) Calculate cycle statistics and compare with the established
criteria as specified in 40 CFR 1065.514 to confirm that the test is
valid.
(c) Warm up the test engine as follows before running a transient
test:
(1) Operate the engine for the first 180 seconds of the appropriate
duty cycle, then allow it to idle without load for 30 seconds. At the
end of the 30-second idling period, start measuring emissions as the
engine operates over the prescribed duty cycle. For severe-duty engines,
this engine warm-up procedure may include up to 15 minutes of operation
over the appropriate duty cycle.
(2) If the engine was already operating before a test, use good
engineering judgment to let the engine cool down enough so measured
emissions during the next test will accurately represent those from an
engine starting at room temperature. For example, if an engine starting
at room temperature warms up enough in three minutes to start closed-
loop operation and achieve full catalyst activity, then minimal engine
cooling is necessary before starting the next test.
(3) You are not required to measure emissions while the engine is
warming up. However, you must design your emission-control system to
start working as soon as possible after engine

[[Page 463]]

starting. In your application for certification, describe how your
engine meets this objective (see Sec. 1048.205(b)).

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40478, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59241, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 23023, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.515 What are the field-testing procedures?

(a) This section describes the procedures to determine whether your
engines meet the field-testing emission standards in Sec. 1048.101(c).
These procedures may include any normal engine operation and ambient
conditions that the engines may experience in use. Paragraph (b) of this
section defines the limits of what we will consider normal engine
operation and ambient conditions. Use the test procedures we specify in
Sec. 1048.501, except for the provisions we specify in this section.
Measure emissions with one of the following procedures:
(1) Remove the selected engines for testing in a laboratory. You may
use an engine dynamometer to simulate normal operation, as described in
this section.
(2) Test the selected engines while they remain installed in the
equipment. In 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J, we describe the equipment and
sampling methods for testing engines in the field. Use fuel meeting the
specifications of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H, or a fuel typical of what
you would expect the engine to use in service.
(b) An engine's emissions may not exceed the levels we specify in
Sec. 1048.101(c) for any continuous sampling period of at least 120
seconds under the following ranges of operation and operating
conditions:
(1) Engine operation during the emission sampling period may include
any normal operation, subject to the following restrictions:
(i) Average power must be at least 5 percent of maximum brake power.
(ii) Continuous time at idle must not be greater than 120 seconds.
(iii) The sampling period may not begin until the engine has reached
stable operating temperatures. For example, this would exclude engine
operation after starting until the thermostat starts modulating coolant
temperature.
(iv) The sampling period may not include engine starting.
(v) For engines that qualify for the alternate Tier 2 emission
standards in Sec. 1048.101(d), operation at 90 percent or more of
maximum power must be less than 10 percent of the total sampling time.
You may request our approval for a different power threshold.
(2) Engine testing may occur under any normal conditions without
correcting measured emission levels, subject to the following
restrictions:
(i) Barometric pressure must be between 80.0 and 103.3 kPa (600 and
775 mm Hg).
(ii) Ambient air temperature must be between 13[deg] and 35 [deg]C.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40478, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59241, Oct. 8, 2008]

Subpart G_Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1048.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines?

[[Page 464]]

arrange for the original engine manufacturer to ship the engine directly
to the engine assembler. However, if the secondary engine manufacturer
does not take possession of the engine, it must supply the engine label
specified in 40 CFR 1068.240 to the engine assembler and the engine
assembler must apply the label before shipping the engine.
(2) The secondary engine manufacturer and engine assembler are both
responsible if the engine is installed in new equipment or otherwise
violates the circumvention provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240.
(3) Consider the following example. A secondary engine manufacturer
receiving a valid request for a replacement engine for which it does not
already have an engine available in inventory may order a partially
complete engine from an original engine manufacturer and have it shipped
directly to an independent engine assembler. In this case, the secondary
engine manufacturer must state in its order that the partially complete
engine should be labeled as being exempt under 40 CFR 1068.240 and
identify the engine assembler's address; the secondary engine
manufacture must also provide instructions to the engine assembler. The
original engine manufacturer would label the engine as described in 40
CFR 1068.262, identifying the replacement-engine exemption as the basis
for shipping an uncertified engine, and ship the engine directly to the
assembler. The engine assembler would complete the assembly by applying
the label and otherwise following the instructions provided by the
secondary engine manufacturer.

[73 FR 59241, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.605 What provisions apply to engines certified under the motor

vehicle program?

(a) General provisions. If you are an engine manufacturer, this
section allows you to introduce new nonroad engines into commerce if
they are already certified to the requirements that apply to engines
under 40 CFR parts 85 and 86 for the appropriate model year. If you
comply with all the provisions of this section, we consider the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 for each engine to also be a
valid certificate of conformity under this part 1048 for its model year,
without a separate application for certification under the requirements
of this part 1048. See Sec. 1048.610 for similar provisions that apply
to engines certified to chassis-based standards for motor vehicles.
(b) Equipment-manufacturer provisions. If you are not an engine
manufacturer, you may produce nonroad equipment using motor-vehicle
engines under this section as long as you meet all the requirements and
conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section. If you modify the
motor-vehicle engine in any of the ways described in paragraph (d)(2) of
this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new nonroad
engine. Such engine modifications prevent you from using the provisions
of this section.
(c) Liability. Engines for which you meet the requirements of this
section are exempt from all the requirements and prohibitions of this
part, except for those specified in this section. Engines exempted under
this section must meet all the applicable requirements from 40 CFR parts
85 and 86. This applies to engine manufacturers, equipment manufacturers
who use these engines, and all other persons as if these engines were
used in a motor vehicle. The prohibited acts of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1)
apply to these new engines and equipment; however, we consider the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 for each engine to also be a
valid certificate of conformity under this part 1048 for its model year.
If we make a determination that these engines do not conform to the
regulations during their useful life, we may require you to recall them
under 40 CFR part 86 or 40 CFR 1068.505.
(d) Specific requirements. If you are an engine manufacturer or
equipment manufacturer and meet all the following criteria and
requirements regarding your new nonroad engine, the engine is eligible
for an exemption under this section:
(1) Your engine must be covered by a valid certificate of conformity
issued under 40 CFR part 86.

[[Page 465]]

(2) You must not make any changes to the certified engine that could
reasonably be expected to increase its exhaust emissions for any
pollutant, or its evaporative emissions. For example, if you make any of
the following changes to one of these engines, you do not qualify for
this exemption:
(i) Change any fuel system or evaporative system parameters from the
certified configuration (this does not apply to refueling controls).
(ii) Change, remove, or fail to properly install any other
component, element of design, or calibration specified in the engine
manufacturer's application for certification. This includes
aftertreatment devices and all related components.
(iii) Modify or design the engine cooling system so that
temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the original engine
manufacturer's specified ranges.
(3) You must show that fewer than 50 percent of the engine family's
total sales in the United States are used in nonroad applications. This
includes engines used in any application without regard to which company
manufactures the vehicle or equipment. Show this as follows:
(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the engine, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must get the original manufacturer of
the engine to confirm this based on its sales information.
(4) You must ensure that the engine has the label we require under
40 CFR part 86.
(5) You must add a permanent supplemental label to the engine in a
position where it will remain clearly visible after installation in the
equipment. In the supplemental label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``NONROAD ENGINE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION''.
(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may instead
include the full corporate name and trademark of another company you
choose to designate.
(iii) State: ``THIS ENGINE WAS ADAPTED FOR NONROAD USE WITHOUT
AFFECTING ITS EMISSION CONTROLS. THE EMISSION-CONTROL SYSTEM DEPENDS ON
THE USE OF FUEL MEETING SPECIFICATIONS THAT APPLY FOR MOTOR-VEHICLE
APPLICATIONS. OPERATING THE ENGINE ON OTHER FUELS MAY BE A VIOLATION OF
FEDERAL LAW.''.
(iv) State the date you finished modifying the engine (month and
year), if applicable.
(6) The original and supplemental labels must be readily visible
after the engine is installed in the equipment or, if the equipment
obscures the engine's emission control information label, the equipment
manufacturer must attach duplicate labels, as described in 40 CFR
1068.105.
(7) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a signed letter by the
end of each calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the
following information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the engine or equipment models you expect to produce under
this exemption in the coming year and describe your basis for meeting
the sales restrictions of paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(iii) State: ``We produce each listed [engine or equipment] model
for nonroad application without making any changes that could increase
its certified emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1048.605.''.
(e) Failure to comply. If your engines do not meet the criteria
listed in paragraph (d) of this section, they will be subject to the
standards, requirements, and prohibitions of this part 1048 and the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 will not be deemed to also be a
certificate issued under this part 1048. Introducing these engines into
commerce without a valid exemption or certificate of conformity under
this part violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(f) Data submission. We may require you to send us emission test
data on any applicable nonroad duty cycles.
(g) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Engines adapted
for nonroad use under this section may generate credits under the ABT
provisions in 40 CFR part 86. These engines must use emission credits
under 40

[[Page 466]]

CFR part 86 if they are certified to an FEL that exceeds an applicable
standard under 40 CFR part 86.

[70 FR 40479, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59241, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.610 What provisions apply to vehicles certified under the motor

vehicle program?

(a) General provisions. If you are a motor-vehicle manufacturer,
this section allows you to introduce new nonroad engines or equipment
into commerce if the vehicle is already certified to the requirements
that apply under 40 CFR parts 85 and 86 for the appropriate model year.
If you comply with all of the provisions of this section, we consider
the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 for each motor vehicle to
also be a valid certificate of conformity for the engine under this part
1048 for its model year, without a separate application for
certification under the requirements of this part 1048. See Sec.
1048.605 or similar provisions that apply to motor-vehicle engines
produced for nonroad equipment. The provisions of this section do not
apply to engines certified to meet the requirements for highway
motorcycles.
(b) Equipment-manufacturer provisions. If you are not a motor-
vehicle manufacturer, you may produce nonroad equipment from motor
vehicles under this section as long as you meet all the requirements and
conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section. If you modify the
motor vehicle or its engine in any of the ways described in paragraph
(d)(2) of this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new
nonroad engine. Such modifications prevent you from using the provisions
of this section.
(c) Liability. Engines, vehicles, and equipment for which you meet
the requirements of this section are exempt from all the requirements
and prohibitions of this part, except for those specified in this
section. Engines exempted under this section must meet all the
applicable requirements from 40 CFR parts 85 and 86. This applies to
engine manufacturers, equipment manufacturers, and all other persons as
if the nonroad equipment were motor vehicles. The prohibited acts of 40
CFR 1068.101(a)(1) apply to these new pieces of equipment; however, we
consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 for each motor
vehicle to also be a valid certificate of conformity for the engine
under this part 1048 for its model year. If we make a determination that
these engines, vehicles, or equipment do not conform to the regulations
during their useful life, we may require you to recall them under 40 CFR
part 86 or 40 CFR 1068.505.
(d) Specific requirements. If you are a motor-vehicle manufacturer
and meet all the following criteria and requirements regarding your new
nonroad equipment and its engine, the engine is eligible for an
exemption under this section:
(1) Your equipment must be covered by a valid certificate of
conformity as a motor vehicle issued under 40 CFR part 86.
(2) You must not make any changes to the certified vehicle that we
could reasonably expect to increase its exhaust emissions for any
pollutant, or its evaporative emissions if it is subject to evaporative-
emission standards. For example, if you make any of the following
changes, you do not qualify for this exemption:
(i) Change any fuel system or evaporative system parameters from the
certified configuration, including refueling emission controls.
(ii) Change, remove, or fail to properly install any other
component, element of design, or calibration specified in the vehicle
manufacturer's application for certification. This includes
aftertreatment devices and all related components.
(iii) Modify or design the engine cooling system so that
temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the original vehicle
manufacturer's specified ranges.
(iv) Add more than 500 pounds to the curb weight of the originally
certified motor vehicle.
(3) You must show that fewer than 50 percent of the engine family's
total sales in the United States are used in nonroad applications. This
includes any type of vehicle, without regard to which company completes
the manufacturing of the nonroad equipment. Show this as follows:

[[Page 467]]

(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the vehicle, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must get the original manufacturer of
the vehicle to confirm this based on their sales information.
(4) The equipment must have the vehicle emission control information
and fuel labels we require under 40 CFR 86.007-35.
(5) You must add a permanent supplemental label to the equipment in
a position where it will remain clearly visible. In the supplemental
label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``NONROAD ENGINE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION''.
(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may instead
include the full corporate name and trademark of another company you
choose to designate.
(iii) State: ``THIS VEHICLE WAS ADAPTED FOR NONROAD USE WITHOUT
AFFECTING ITS EMISSION CONTROLS. THE EMISSION-CONTROL SYSTEM DEPENDS ON
THE USE OF FUEL MEETING SPECIFICATIONS THAT APPLY FOR MOTOR-VEHICLE
APPLICATIONS. OPERATING THE ENGINE ON OTHER FUELS MAY BE A VIOLATION OF
FEDERAL LAW.''.
(iv) State the date you finished modifying the vehicle (month and
year), if applicable.
(6) The original and supplemental labels must be readily visible in
the fully assembled equipment.
(7) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a signed letter by the
end of each calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the
following information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the equipment models you expect to produce under this
exemption in the coming year and describe your basis for meeting the
sales restrictions of paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(ii) List the equipment models you expect to produce under this
exemption in the coming year.
(iii) State: ``We produced each listed engine or equipment model for
nonroad application without making any changes that could increase its
certified emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1048.610.''.
(e) Failure to comply. If your engines, vehicles, or equipment do
not meet the criteria listed in paragraph (d) of this section, the
engines will be subject to the standards, requirements, and prohibitions
of this part 1048, and the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 will
not be deemed to also be a certificate issued under this part 1048.
Introducing these engines into commerce without a valid exemption or
certificate of conformity under this part violates the prohibitions in
40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(f) Data submission. We may require you to send us emission test
data on any applicable nonroad duty cycles.
(g) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Vehicles
adapted for nonroad use under this section may generate credits under
the ABT provisions in 40 CFR part 86. These vehicles must be included in
the calculation of the applicable fleet average in 40 CFR part 86.

[70 FR 40480, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59241, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.612 What is the exemption for delegated final assembly?

The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.261 related to delegated final
assembly apply for engines certified under this part 1048, with the
following exceptions and clarifications:
(a) The provisions related to reduced auditing rates in 40 CFR
1068.261(d)(3)(iii) apply starting with the 2014 model year.
(b) [Reserved]

[73 FR 59242, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.615 What are the provisions for exempting engines designed for lawn

and garden applications?

This section is intended for engines designed for lawn and garden
applications, but it applies to any engines meeting the criteria in
paragraph (a) of this section.
(a) If an engine meets all the following criteria, it is exempt from
the requirements of this part:
(1) The engine must have a nominal displacement of 1000 cc or less.
(2) The engine must have a maximum engine power at or below 30 kW.

[[Page 468]]

(3) The engine must be in an engine family that has a valid
certificate of conformity showing that it meets emission standards for
Class II engines under 40 CFR part 90 or 1054 for the appropriate model
year.
(b) The only requirements or prohibitions from this part that apply
to an engine that meets the criteria in paragraph (a) of this section
are in this section.
(c) If your engines do not meet the criteria listed in paragraph (a)
of this section, they will be subject to the provisions of this part.
Introducing these engines into commerce without a valid exemption or
certificate of conformity violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101.
(d) Engines exempted under this section are subject to all the
requirements affecting engines under 40 CFR part 90 or 1054. The
requirements and restrictions of 40 CFR part 90 or 1054 apply to anyone
manufacturing these engines, anyone manufacturing equipment that uses
these engines, and all other persons in the same manner as if these
engines had a total maximum engine power at or below 19 kW.

[73 FR 59242, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.620 What are the provisions for exempting large engines fueled by

natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas?

(a) If an engine meets all the following criteria, it is exempt from
the requirements of this part:
(1) The engine must operate solely on natural gas or liquefied
petroleum gas.
(2) The engine must have maximum engine power at or above 250 kW.
(3) The engine must be in an engine family that has a valid
certificate of conformity showing that it meets emission standards for
engines of that power rating under 40 CFR part 89 or 1039.
(b) The only requirements or prohibitions from this part that apply
to an engine that is exempt under this section are in this section.
(c) If your engines do not meet the criteria listed in paragraph (a)
of this section, they will be subject to the provisions of this part.
Introducing these engines into commerce without a valid exemption or
certificate of conformity violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101.
(d) Engines exempted under this section are subject to all the
requirements affecting engines under 40 CFR part 89 or 1039. The
requirements and restrictions of 40 CFR part 89 or 1039 apply to anyone
manufacturing these engines, anyone manufacturing equipment that uses
these engines, and all other persons in the same manner as if these were
nonroad diesel engines.
(e) You may request an exemption under this section by submitting an
application for certification for the engines under 40 CFR part 89 or
1039.

[70 FR 40481, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1048.625 What special provisions apply to engines using noncommercial

fuels?

In Sec. 1048.115(e), we generally require that engines meet
emission standards for any adjustment within the full range of any
adjustable parameters. For engines that use noncommercial fuels
significantly different than the specified test fuel of the same type,
you may ask to use the parameter-adjustment provisions of this section
instead of those in Sec. 1048.115(e). Engines certified under this
section must be in a separate engine family.
(a) If we approve your request, the following provisions apply:
(1) You must certify the engine using the test fuel specified in
Sec. 1048.501.
(2) You may produce the engine without limits or stops that keep the
engine adjusted within the certified range.
(3) You must specify in-use adjustments different than the
adjustable settings appropriate for the specified test fuel, consistent
with the provisions of paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(b) To produce engines under this section, you must do the
following:
(1) Specify in-use adjustments needed so the engine's level of
emission control for each regulated pollutant is equivalent to that from
the certified configuration.
(2) Add the following information to the emission control
information label specified in Sec. 1048.135:
(i) Include instructions describing how to adjust the engine to
operate in

[[Page 469]]

a way that maintains the effectiveness of the emission-control system.
(ii) State: ``THIS ENGINE IS CERTIFIED TO OPERATE IN APPLICATIONS
USING NONCOMMERCIAL FUEL. MALADJUSTMENT OF THE ENGINE IS A VIOLATION OF
FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.''.
(3) Keep records to document the destinations and quantities of
engines produced under this section.

[70 FR 40481, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1048.630 What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for

competition?

We may grant you an exemption from the standards and requirements of
this part for a new engine on the grounds that it is to be used solely
for competition under the provisions of 40 CFR 1054.620. The
requirements of this part do not apply to engines that we exempt for use
solely for competition.

[73 FR 59242, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.635 What special provisions apply to branded engines?

The following provisions apply if you identify the name and
trademark of another company instead of your own on your emission
control information label, as provided by Sec. 1048.135(c)(2):
(a) You must have a contractual agreement with the other company
that obligates that company to take the following steps:
(1) Meet the emission warranty requirements that apply under Sec.
1048.120. This may involve a separate agreement involving reimbursement
of warranty-related expenses.
(2) Report all warranty-related information to the certificate
holder.
(b) In your application for certification, identify the company
whose trademark you will use.
(c) You remain responsible for meeting all the requirements of this
chapter, including warranty and defect-reporting provisions.

[70 FR 40481, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59242, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.640 What special provisions apply for small-volume engine

manufacturers?

This section describes how we apply the special provisions in this
part for small-volume engine manufacturers.
(a) Special provisions apply for small-volume engine manufacturers,
as illustrated by the following examples:
(1) Waived requirements related to torque broadcasting. See Sec.
1048.115.
(2) Assigned deterioration factors to reduce testing burden. See
Sec. 1048.240.
(3) Additional special provisions apply for small-volume engine and
equipment manufacturers under 40 CFR part 1068. For example, see 40 CFR
1068.250.
(b) If you use any of the provisions of this part that apply
specifically to small-volume engine manufacturers and we find that you
do not qualify to use these provisions, we may consider you to be in
violation of the requirements that apply for companies that are not
small-volume engine manufacturers. If you no longer qualify as a small-
volume engine manufacturer (based on increased production volumes or
other factors), we will work with you to determine a reasonable schedule
for complying with additional requirements that apply. For example, if
you no longer qualify as a small-volume engine manufacturer shortly
before you certify your engines for the next model year, we might allow
you to use assigned deterioration factors for one more model year.

[73 FR 59242, Oct. 8, 2008]

Subpart H [Reserved]

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1048.801 What definitions apply to this part?

[[Page 470]]

someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access) and
that, if adjusted, may affect emissions or engine performance during
emission testing or normal in-use operation. This includes, but is not
limited to, parameters related to injection timing and fueling rate. You
may ask us to exclude a parameter that is difficult to access if it
cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without significantly degrading
engine performance, or if you otherwise show us that it will not be
adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in-use operation.
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream
of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to
decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the
environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR), turbochargers, and oxygen
sensors are not aftertreatment.
Aircraft means any vehicle capable of sustained air travel above
treetop heights.
Alcohol-fueled engine means an engine that is designed to run using
an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do not
include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below 25 percent by volume.
All-terrain vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1051.801.
Amphibious vehicle means a vehicle with wheels or tracks that is
designed primarily for operation on land and secondarily for operation
in water.
Auxiliary emission-control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, motive speed, engine rpm, transmission gear, or any
other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission-control system.
Blue Sky Series engine means an engine meeting the requirements of
Sec. 1048.140.
Brake power means the usable power output of the engine, not
including power required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine,
circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment devices.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year as described in Sec. 1048.235(d).
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in an engine family for a given pollutant from either transient or
steady-state testing.
Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine.
Constant-speed engine means an engine that is certified only for
constant-speed operation. This may include engines that allow the
operator to adjust the set point for fixing the appropriate governed
speed. See subparts B and C of this part for specific provisions related
to certifying engines only for constant-speed operation. Engines whose
constant-speed governor function is removed or disabled are no longer
constant-speed engines.
Constant-speed operation has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and
other related internal parts.
Critical emission-related component means any of the following
components:
(1) Electronic control units, aftertreatment devices, fuel-metering
components, EGR-system components, crankcase-ventilation valves, all
components related to charge-air compression and cooling, and all
sensors and actuators associated with any of these components.
(2) Any other component whose primary purpose is to reduce
emissions.

[[Page 471]]

Date of manufacture has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Days means calendar days unless otherwise specified. For example,
where we specify working days, we mean calendar days excluding weekends
and U.S. national holidays.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy-Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement
Division (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data engine.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the
end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point, expressed
in one of the following ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions
at the end of useful life to emissions at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test
point.
Discrete-mode means relating to the discrete-mode type of steady-
state test described in Sec. 1048.505.
Emission-control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants
from an engine.
Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for
certification. This includes engines tested to establish deterioration
factors.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. This includes
complete and partially complete engines.
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware
and calibration within an engine family. Engines within a single engine
configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability
or factors unrelated to emissions.
Engine family has the meaning given in Sec. 1048.230.
Engine manufacturer means the manufacturer of the engine. See the
definition of ``manufacturer'' in this section.
Equipment manufacturer means a manufacturer of nonroad equipment.
All nonroad equipment manufacturing entities under the control of the
same person are considered to be a single nonroad equipment
manufacturer.
Excluded means relating to an engine that either:
(1) Has been determined not to be a nonroad engine, as specified in
40 CFR 1068.30; or
(2) Is a nonroad engine that, according to Sec. 1048.5, is not
subject to this part 1048.
Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Exhaust-gas recirculation means a technology that reduces emissions
by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion
chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or
during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of
residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with
incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust-gas
recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering,
and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s),
including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel
lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system
vents.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type,
such as winter-grade and summer-grade gasoline.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good
engineering judgment.
High-cost warranted part means a component covered by the emission-
related warranty with a replacement cost (at the time of certification)
exceeding $400 (in 1998 dollars). Adjust this value

[[Page 472]]

using the most recent annual average consumer price index information
published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. For this definition,
replacement cost includes the retail cost of the part plus labor and
standard diagnosis.
High-load engine means an engine for which the engine manufacturer
can provide clear evidence that operation below 75 percent of maximum
load in its final application will be rare.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type, as described in Sec.
1048.101(e).
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular engine from other similar engines.
Intermediate test speed has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Low-hour means relating to an engine with stabilized emissions and
represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally
involve less than 125 hours of operation.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures an engine,
vehicle, or piece of equipment for sale in the United States or
otherwise introduces a new nonroad engine into commerce in the United
States. This includes importers who import engines, equipment, or
vehicles for resale.
Marine engine means a nonroad engine that is installed or intended
to be installed on a marine vessel. This includes a portable auxiliary
engine only if its fueling, cooling, or exhaust system is an integral
part of the vessel. There are two kinds of marine engines:
(1) Propulsion marine engine means a marine engine that moves a
vessel through the water or directs the vessel's movement.
(2) Auxiliary marine engine means a marine engine not used for
propulsion.
Marine vessel has the meaning given in 1 U.S.C. 3, except that it
does not include amphibious vehicles. The definition in 1 U.S.C. 3 very
broadly includes every craft capable of being used as a means of
transportation on water.
Maximum engine power has one of the following meanings:
(1) For engines at or below 100 kW, maximum engine power has the
meaning given in 40 CFR 90.3 for 2010 and earlier model years and in 40
CFR 1054.140 for 2011 and later model years.
(2) For engines above 100 kW, maximum engine power has the meaning
given in 40 CFR 1039.140.
Maximum test speed has one of the following meanings:
(1) For variable-speed engines, maximum test speed has the meaning
given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
(2) For transient testing of constant-speed engines, maximum test
speed means the highest speed at which the engine produces zero torque.
(3) For steady-state testing of constant-speed engines, maximum test
speed means the speed at which the engine produces peak torque.
Maximum test torque has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Model year means one of the following things:
(1) For freshly manufactured equipment and engines (see definition
of ``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (1)), model year means one of the
following:
(i) Calendar year.
(ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different than
the calendar year.
This must include January 1 of the calendar year for which the model
year is named. It may not begin before January 2 of the previous
calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the named calendar year.
(2) For an engine that is converted to a nonroad engine after being
placed into service as a stationary engine, or being certified and
placed into service as a motor vehicle engine, model year means the
calendar year in which the engine was originally produced. For a motor
vehicle engine that is converted to be a nonroad engine without having
been certified, model year means the calendar year in which the engine
becomes a new nonroad engine. (See definition of ``new nonroad engine,''
paragraph (2)).
(3) For a nonroad engine excluded under Sec. 1048.5 that is later
converted to operate in an application that is not

[[Page 473]]

excluded, model year means the calendar year in which the engine was
originally produced (see definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph
(3)).
(4) For engines that are not freshly manufactured but are installed
in new nonroad equipment, model year means the calendar year in which
the engine is installed in the new nonroad equipment (see definition of
``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (4)).
(5) For imported engines:
(i) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(i) of the
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year has the meaning given
in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition.
(ii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(ii) of the
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year means the calendar year
in which the engine is modified.
(iii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(iii) of the
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year means the calendar year
in which the engine is assembled in its imported configuration, unless
specified otherwise in this part or in 40 CFR part 1068.
Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703(a).
New nonroad engine means any of the following things:
(1) A freshly manufactured nonroad engine for which the ultimate
purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title. This kind of
engine might commonly be thought of as ``brand new.'' In the case of
this paragraph (1), the engine is new from the time it is produced until
the ultimate purchaser receives the title or the product is placed into
service, whichever comes first.
(2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine or a
stationary engine that is later used or intended to be used in a piece
of nonroad equipment. In this case, the engine is no longer a motor
vehicle or stationary engine and becomes a ``new nonroad engine.'' The
engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service. This
paragraph (2) applies if a motor vehicle engine or a stationary engine
is installed in nonroad equipment, or if a motor vehicle or a piece of
stationary equipment is modified (or moved) to become nonroad equipment.
(3) A nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service in
an application we exclude under Sec. 1048.5, when that engine is
installed in a piece of equipment that is covered by this part 1048. The
engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service covered
by this part 1048. For example, this would apply to a marine-propulsion
engine that is no longer used in a marine vessel but is instead
installed in a piece of nonroad equipment subject to the provisions of
this part.
(4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this
definition that is intended to be installed in new nonroad equipment.
This generally includes installation of used engines in new equipment.
The engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title
for the equipment or the product is placed into service, whichever comes
first.
(5) An imported nonroad engine, subject to the following provisions:
(i) An imported nonroad engine covered by a certificate of
conformity issued under this part that meets the criteria of one or more
of paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition, where the original
engine manufacturer holds the certificate, is new as defined by those
applicable paragraphs.
(ii) An imported engine covered by a certificate of conformity
issued under this part, where someone other than the original engine
manufacturer holds the certificate (such as when the engine is modified
after its initial assembly), is a new nonroad engine when it is
imported. It is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a
title for the engine or it is placed into service, whichever comes
first.
(iii) An imported nonroad engine that is not covered by a
certificate of conformity issued under this part at the time of
importation is new. This addresses uncertified engines and equipment
initially placed into service that someone seeks to import into the
United States. Importation of this kind of engine (or equipment
containing such an engine) is generally prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068.
However, the importation of such an engine is not prohibited if the
engine has a model year

[[Page 474]]

before 2004, since it is not subject to standards.
New nonroad equipment means either of the following things:
(1) A nonroad piece of equipment for which the ultimate purchaser
has never received the equitable or legal title. The product is no
longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives this title or the
product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An imported nonroad piece of equipment with an engine not
covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part at the
time of importation and manufactured after January 1, 2004.
Noncommercial fuel means a combustible product that is not marketed
as a commercial fuel, but is used as a fuel for nonroad engines. For
example, this includes methane that is produced and released from
landfills or oil wells, or similar unprocessed fuels that are not
intended to meet any otherwise applicable fuel specifications. See Sec.
1048.625 for provisions related to engines designed to burn
noncommercial fuels.
Noncompliant engine means an engine that was originally covered by a
certificate of conformity, but is not in the certified configuration or
otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming engine means an engine not covered by a certificate of
conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines or equipment that includes
nonroad engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general
this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle engines,
stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used
in aircraft. This part does not apply to all nonroad engines (see Sec.
1048.5).
Nonroad equipment means a piece of equipment that is powered by one
or more nonroad engines.
Off-highway motorcycle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1051.801.
(Note: highway motorcycles are regulated under 40 CFR part 86.)
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data engine on a given duty cycle before the application of any
deterioration factor.
Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared
by the engine manufacturer for the owner or operator to describe
appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other
information related to operating or keeping the engine. The owners
manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of
sale. The owners manual may be in paper or electronic format.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Piece of equipment means any vehicle, vessel, or other type of
equipment using engines to which this part applies.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose.
Point of first retail sale means the location at which the initial
retail sale occurs. This generally means an equipment dealership, but
may also include an engine seller or distributor in cases where loose
engines are sold to the general public for uses such as replacement
engines.
Ramped-modal means relating to the ramped-modal type of steady-state
test described in Sec. 1048.505.
Rated speed means the maximum full-load governed speed for governed
engines and the speed of maximum power for ungoverned engines.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001, unless otherwise
specified.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically
to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing
prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to
correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic
maintenance is not appropriate.
Sealed has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1060.801.
Severe-duty application includes concrete saws, concrete pumps, and
any

[[Page 475]]

other application where an engine manufacturer can provide clear
evidence that the majority of installations need air-cooled engines as a
result of operation in a severe-duty environment.
Severe-duty engine means an engine from an engine family in which
the majority of engines are installed in severe-duty applications.
Small-volume engine manufacturer means a company meeting either of
the following characteristics:
(1) An engine manufacturer with U.S.-directed production volumes of
engines subject to the requirements of this part totaling no more than
2,000 units in any year. This includes engines produced by parent or
subsidiary companies.
(2) An engine manufacturer with fewer than 200 employees. This
includes any employees working for parent or subsidiary companies.
Snowmobile has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1051.801.
Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Steady-state has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Stoichiometric means relating to the particular ratio of air and
fuel such that if the fuel were fully oxidized, there would be no
remaining fuel or oxygen. For example, stoichiometric combustion in a
gasoline-fueled engine typically occurs at an air-fuel mass ratio of
about 14.7.
Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an engine family for emission testing. This may include
testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
Tier 1 means relating to the emission standards and other
requirements that apply beginning with the 2004 model year.
Tier 2 means relating to the emission standards and other
requirements that apply beginning with the 2007 model year.
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the
specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as a
hydrocarbon with a hydrogen-to-carbon mass ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR
1065.1001.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new nonroad equipment
or new nonroad engine, the first person who in good faith purchases such
new nonroad equipment or new nonroad engine for purposes other than
resale.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Upcoming model year means for an engine family the model year after
the one currently in production.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engine units,
subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for
which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will
be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States.
Useful life means the period during which the engine is designed to
properly function in terms of reliability and fuel consumption, without
being remanufactured, specified as a number of hours of operation or
calendar years, whichever comes first. It is the period during which a
nonroad engine is required to comply with all applicable emission
standards. See Sec. 1048.101(g). If an engine has no hour meter, the
specified number of hours does not limit the period during which an in-
use engine is required to comply with emission standards unless the
degree of service accumulation can be verified separately.
Variable-speed engine means an engine that is not a constant-speed
engine.
Variable-speed operation means engine operation that does not meet
the definition of constant-speed operation.
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.

[[Page 476]]

Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel
that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor Pressure
higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.
Wide-open throttle means maximum throttle opening. Unless this is
specified at a given speed, it refers to maximum throttle opening at
maximum speed. For electronically controlled or other engines with
multiple possible fueling rates, wide-open throttle also means the
maximum fueling rate at maximum throttle opening under test conditions.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.

[70 FR 40482, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59242, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 8426, Feb. 24, 2009; 75 FR 23023, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1048.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

[deg]C degrees Celsius.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials.
cc cubic centimeters.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4 methane.
cm centimeter.
CO carbon monoxide.
CO2 carbon dioxide.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
g/kW-hr grams per kilowatt-hour.
HC hydrocarbon.
ISO International Organization for Standardization.
kPa kilopascals.
kW kilowatts.
LPG liquefied petroleum gas.
m meters.
MIL malfunction-indicator light.
mm Hg millimeters of mercury.
N2O nitrous oxide.
NARA National Archives and Records Administration.
NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons.
NOX oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2).
psi pounds per square inch of absolute pressure.
psig pounds per square inch of gauge pressure.
rpm revolutions per minute.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
SI spark-ignition.
THC total hydrocarbon.
THCE total hydrocarbon equivalent.
U.S.C. United States Code.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40485, July 13, 2005; 74
FR 56510, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1048.810 What materials does this part reference?

Documents listed in this section have been incorporated by reference
into this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference as prescribed in 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR
part 51. Anyone may inspect copies at the U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102,
EPA West Building, Washington, DC 20460 or at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of
this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://
www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--
locations.html.
(a) SAE material. Table 1 of this section lists material from the
Society of Automotive Engineers that we have incorporated by reference.
The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second
column lists the sections of this part where we reference it. Anyone may
purchase copies of these materials from the Society of Automotive
Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or http://
www.sae.org. Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1048.810--SAE Materials

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 1048
Document number and name reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAE J2260, Nonmetallic Fuel System Tubing with One or 1048.105
More Layers, November 2004.............................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 477]]

(b) ISO material. Table 2 of this section lists material from the
International Organization for Standardization that we have incorporated
by reference. The first column lists the number and name of the
material. The second column lists the section of this part where we
reference it. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the
International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-1211
Geneva 20, Switzerland or http://www.iso.org. Table 2 follows:

Table 2 of Sec. 1048.810--ISO Materials

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 1048
Document number and name reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISO 9141-2 Road vehicles--Diagnostic systems--Part 2: 1048.110
CARB requirements for interchange of digital
information, February 1994.............................
ISO 14230-4 Road vehicles--Diagnostic systems--Keyword 1048.110
Protocol 2000--Part 4: Requirements for emission-
related systems, June 2000.............................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[73 FR 59244, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1048.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?

[70 FR 40486, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1048.820 How do I request a hearing?

[70 FR 40486, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1048.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this

part?

[[Page 478]]

(7) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various special compliance provisions.
(b) [Reserved]
(c) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1065:
(1) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting
information.
(2) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
(3) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing test
information.
(4) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify data that may be appropriate for
collecting during testing of in-use engines using portable analyzers.
(d) We specify the following requirements related to the general
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
(1) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
(2) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information.
(3) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require equipment manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
(5) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to
rebuilding engines.
(6) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.
(7) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing engines.
(8) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement
audit.
(9) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
(10) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming engines.

[73 FR 59245, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. Appendix I to Part 1048 [Reserved]

Sec. Appendix II to Part 1048--Large Spark-ignition (SI) Composite

Transient Cycle

The following table shows the transient duty-cycle for engines that
are not constant-speed engines, as described in Sec. 1048.510:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Normalized Normalized
Time(s) speed torque
(percent) (percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0........................................... 0 0
1........................................... 0 0
2........................................... 0 0
3........................................... 0 0
4........................................... 0 0
5........................................... 0 0
6........................................... 0 0
7........................................... 0 0
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1010........................................ 93 15
1011........................................ 93 16
1012........................................ 93 17
1013........................................ 93 20
1014........................................ 93 22
1015........................................ 93 20
1016........................................ 93 19
1017........................................ 93 20
1018........................................ 93 19
1019........................................ 93 19
1020........................................ 93 20
1021........................................ 93 32
1022........................................ 93 37
1023........................................ 93 28
1024........................................ 93 26
1025........................................ 93 24
1026........................................ 93 22
1027........................................ 93 22
1028........................................ 93 21
1029........................................ 93 20
1030........................................ 93 20
1031........................................ 93 20
1032........................................ 93 20
1033........................................ 93 19
1034........................................ 93 18
1035........................................ 93 20
1036........................................ 93 20
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1038........................................ 93 20
1039........................................ 93 19
1040........................................ 93 18
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1043........................................ 93 16
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1045........................................ 93 15
1046........................................ 93 16
1047........................................ 93 18
1048........................................ 93 37
1049........................................ 93 48
1050........................................ 93 38
1051........................................ 93 31
1052........................................ 93 26
1053........................................ 93 21
1054........................................ 93 18
1055........................................ 93 16
1056........................................ 93 17
1057........................................ 93 18
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[[Page 486]]

1059........................................ 93 21
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1062........................................ 93 17
1063........................................ 93 17
1064........................................ 93 18
1065........................................ 93 18
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1067........................................ 93 19
1068........................................ 93 18
1069........................................ 93 18
1070........................................ 93 20
1071........................................ 93 23
1072........................................ 93 25
1073........................................ 93 25
1074........................................ 93 24
1075........................................ 93 24
1076........................................ 93 22
1077........................................ 93 22
1078........................................ 93 22
1079........................................ 93 19
1080........................................ 93 16
1081........................................ 95 17
1082........................................ 95 37
1083........................................ 93 43
1084........................................ 93 32
1085........................................ 93 27
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1087........................................ 93 24
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1092........................................ 93 22
1093........................................ 93 22
1094........................................ 93 23
1095........................................ 93 23
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1110........................................ 93 18
1111........................................ 93 17
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1120........................................ 93 17
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1126........................................ 93 20
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1129........................................ 93 25
1130........................................ 93 30
1131........................................ 93 31
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1133........................................ 93 21
1134........................................ 93 18
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1136........................................ 93 25
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1138........................................ 93 21
1139........................................ 93 21
1140........................................ 93 22
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1144........................................ 93 23
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1154........................................ 93 23
1155........................................ 93 26
1156........................................ 93 22
1157........................................ 93 18
1158........................................ 93 16
1159........................................ 93 16
1160........................................ 93 17
1161........................................ 93 19
1162........................................ 93 18
1163........................................ 93 16
1164........................................ 93 19
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1166........................................ 93 25
1167........................................ 93 29
1168........................................ 93 27
1169........................................ 93 22
1170........................................ 93 18
1171........................................ 93 16
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1190........................................ 93 20
1191........................................ 95 20
1192........................................ 96 18
1193........................................ 96 15
1194........................................ 96 11
1195........................................ 95 9
1196........................................ 95 8
1197........................................ 96 7
1198........................................ 94 33
1199........................................ 93 46
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------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART 1051_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND VEHICLES--Table

of Contents

Subpart A_Determining How To Follow This Part

Sec.
1051.1 Does this part apply for my vehicles or engines?
1051.2 Who is responsible for compliance?
1051.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?
1051.10 How is this part organized?
1051.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?
1051.20 May I certify a recreational engine instead of the vehicle?
1051.25 What requirements apply when installing certified engines in
recreational vehicles?
1051.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1051.101 What emission standards and other requirements must my vehicles
meet?
1051.103 What are the exhaust emission standards for snowmobiles?
1051.105 What are the exhaust emission standards for off-highway
motorcycles?
1051.107 What are the exhaust emission standards for all-terrain
vehicles (ATVs) and offroad utility vehicles?
1051.110 What evaporative emission standards must my vehicles meet?
1051.115 What other requirements apply?
1051.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?
1051.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?
1051.130 What installation instructions must I give to vehicle
manufacturers?
1051.135 How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?
1051.137 What are the consumer labeling requirements?
1051.140 What is my vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement?
1051.145 What provisions apply only for a limited time?

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

1051.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate
of conformity?
1051.205 What must I include in my application?
1051.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my
application?
1051.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?
1051.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new
or modified vehicle configurations or to change an FEL?
1051.230 How do I select engine families?
1051.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a
certificate of conformity?
1051.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with
exhaust emission standards?
1051.243 How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust
durability testing?
1051.245 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with
evaporative emission standards?
1051.250 What records must I keep and make available to EPA?
1051.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?

Subpart D_Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines

1051.301 When must I test my production-line vehicles or engines?
1051.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line vehicles or
engines?
1051.310 How must I select vehicles or engines for production-line
testing?
1051.315 How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line
testing requirements?
1051.320 What happens if one of my production-line vehicles or engines
fails to meet emission standards?
1051.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line
testing requirements?
1051.330 May I sell vehicles from an engine family with a suspended
certificate of conformity?
1051.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?
1051.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how
may I sell these vehicles again?
1051.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?
1051.350 What records must I keep?

Subpart E--Testing In-Use Engines [Reserved]

[[Page 488]]

Subpart F_Test Procedures

1051.501 What procedures must I use to test my vehicles or engines?
1051.505 What special provisions apply for testing snowmobiles?
1051.510 What special provisions apply for testing ATV engines?
[Reserved]
1051.515 How do I test my fuel tank for permeation emissions?
1051.520 How do I perform exhaust durability testing?

Subpart G_Compliance Provisions

1051.601 What compliance provisions apply to vehicles and engines
subject to this part?
1051.605 What provisions apply to engines already certified under the
motor vehicle program or the Large Spark-ignition program?
1051.610 What provisions apply to vehicles already certified under the
motor vehicle program?
1051.615 What are the special provisions for certifying small
recreational engines?
1051.620 When may a manufacturer obtain an exemption for competition
recreational vehicles?
1051.625 What special provisions apply to unique snowmobile designs for
small-volume manufacturers?
1051.630 What special provisions apply to unique snowmobile designs for
all manufacturers?
1051.635 What provisions apply to new manufacturers that are small
businesses?
1051.640 What special provisions apply for custom off-highway
motorcycles that are similar to highway motorcycles?
1051.645 What special provisions apply to branded engines?
1051.650 What special provisions apply for converting a vehicle to use
an alternate fuel?

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

1051.701 General provisions.
1051.705 How do I average emission levels?
1051.710 How do I generate and bank emission credits?
1051.715 How do I trade emission credits?
1051.720 How do I calculate my average emission level or emission
credits?
1051.725 What must I include in my applications for certification?
1051.730 What ABT reports must I send to EPA?
1051.735 What records must I keep?
1051.740 Are there special averaging provisions for snowmobiles?
1051.745 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this
subpart?

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1051.801 What definitions apply to this part?
1051.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?
1051.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?
1051.820 How do I request a hearing?
1051.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this
part?

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1051.1 Does this part apply for my vehicles or engines?

(a) The regulations in this part 1051 apply for all the following
new recreational vehicles or new engines used in the following
recreational vehicles, except as provided in Sec. 1051.5:
(1) Snowmobiles.
(2) Off-highway motorcycles.
(3) All-terrain vehicles (ATVs.)
(4) Offroad utility vehicles with engines with displacement less
than or equal to 1000 cc, maximum engine power less than or equal to 30
kW, and maximum vehicle speed higher than 25 miles per hour. Offroad
utility vehicles that are subject to this part are subject to the same
requirements as ATVs. This means that any requirement that applies to
ATVs also applies to these offroad utility vehicles, without regard to
whether the regulatory language mentions offroad utility vehicles.
(b) In certain cases, the regulations in this part 1051 apply to new
engines under 50 cc used in motorcycles that are motor vehicles. See 40
CFR 86.447-2006 or 86.448-2006 for provisions related to this allowance.
(c) This part 1051 applies for new recreational vehicles starting in
the 2006 model year, except as described in subpart B of this part. You
need not follow this part for vehicles you produce before the 2006 model
year, unless you certify voluntarily. See Sec. Sec. 1051.103 through
1051.110, Sec. 1051.145, and the definition of ``model year'' in Sec.
1051.801 for more information about the timing of the requirements.
(d) The requirements of this part begin to apply when a vehicle is
new.

[[Page 489]]

See the definition of ``new'' in Sec. 1051.801 for more information. In
some cases, vehicles or engines that have been previously used may be
considered ``new'' for the purposes of this part.
(e) The evaporative emission requirements of this part apply to
highway motorcycles, as specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart E.

[70 FR 40486, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59245, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.2 Who is responsible for compliance?

The regulations in this part 1051 contain provisions that affect
both vehicle manufacturers and others. However, the requirements of this
part are generally addressed to the vehicle manufacturer. The term
``you'' generally means the vehicle manufacturer, as defined in Sec.
1051.801, especially for issues related to certification (including
production-line testing, reporting, etc.).

[73 FR 59245, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.5 Which engines are excluded from this part's requirements?

(a)(1) You may exclude vehicles with compression-ignition engines.
See 40 CFR parts 89 and 1039 for regulations that cover these engines.
(2) Vehicles with a combined total vehicle dry weight under 20.0
kilograms are excluded from this part. Spark-ignition engines in these
vehicles must instead meet emission standards specified in 40 CFR parts
90 and 1054. See 40 CFR 90.103(a) and the definition of handheld in 40
CFR 1054.801.
(b) We may require you to label an engine or vehicle (or both) if
this section excludes it and other requirements in this chapter do not
apply.

[70 FR 40486, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59245, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.10 How is this part organized?

This part 1051 is divided into the following subparts:
(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of part 1051
and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify engines under this part.
Note that Sec. 1051.145 discusses certain interim requirements and
compliance provisions that apply only for a limited time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity.
(d) Subpart D of this part describes general provisions for testing
production-line engines.
(e) [Reserved]
(f) Subpart F of this part describes how to test your engines
(including references to other parts of the Code of Federal
Regulations).
(g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, and other provisions that apply to engine
manufacturers, equipment manufacturers, owners, operators, rebuilders,
and all others.
(h) Subpart H of this part describes how you may generate and use
emission credits to certify your engines.
(i) Subpart I of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

[70 FR 40486, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59245, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?

(a) Parts 86 and 1065 of this chapter describe procedures and
equipment specifications for testing vehicles and engines to measure
exhaust emissions. Subpart F of this part 1051 describes how to apply
the provisions of parts 86 and 1065 of this chapter to determine whether
vehicles meet the exhaust emission standards in this part.
(b) Part 1060 of this chapter describes standards and procedures
that optionally apply for controlling evaporative emissions from engines
fueled by gasoline or other volatile liquid fuels and the associated
fuel systems.
(c) The requirements and prohibitions of part 1068 of this chapter
apply to everyone, including anyone who manufactures, imports, installs,
owns, operates, or rebuilds any of the vehicles subject to this part
1051, or vehicles containing these engines. Part 1068 of this chapter
describes general provisions, including these seven areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for manufacturers and others.
(2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.

[[Page 490]]

(3) Exclusions and exemptions for certain vehicles and engines.
(4) Importing vehicles and engines.
(5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(6) Defect reporting and recall.
(7) Procedures for hearings.
(d) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

[70 FR 40487, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59245, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23023, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1051.20 May I certify a recreational engine instead of the vehicle?

(a) You may certify engines sold separately from vehicles in either
of two cases:
(1) If you manufacture recreational engines but not recreational
vehicles, you may ask to certify the engine alone. In your request,
explain why you cannot certify the entire vehicle.
(2) If you manufacture complete recreational vehicles containing
engines you also sell separately, you may ask to certify all these
engines in a single engine family or in separate engine families.
(b) If you certify an engine under this section, you must use the
test procedures in subpart F of this part. If the test procedures
require vehicle testing, use good engineering judgment to install the
engine in an appropriate vehicle for measuring emissions.
(c) If we allow you to certify recreational engines, the vehicles
must meet the applicable emission standards (including evaporative
emission standards) with the engines installed in the appropriate
vehicles. You must prepare installation instructions as described in
Sec. 1051.130 and use good engineering judgment so that the engines
will meet emission standards after proper installation in the vehicle.
(d) Identify and label engines you produce under this section
consistent with the requirements of Sec. 1051.135. On the emission
control information label, identify the manufacturing date of the engine
rather than the vehicle.
(e) You may not use the provisions of this section to circumvent or
reduce the stringency of this part's standards or other requirements.
(f) If you certify under paragraph (a)(1) of this section, you may
ask us to allow you to perform production-line testing on the engine. If
you certify under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, use good engineering
judgment to ensure that these engines are produced in the same manner as
the engines you produce for your vehicles, so that your production-line
testing results under subpart D of this part would apply to them.
(g) Apply the provisions of 40 CFR part 1068 for engines certified
under this section as if they were subject to engine-based standards.
For example, you may rely on the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.261 to have
vehicle manufacturers install catalysts that you describe in your
application for certification.

[70 FR 40489, July 13, 2005, as amended at 75 FR 23023, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1051.25 What requirements apply when installing certified engines in

recreational vehicles?

(a) If you manufacture recreational vehicles with engines certified
under Sec. 1051.20, you must certify your vehicle with respect to the
evaporative emission standards in Sec. 1051.110, but you need not
certify the vehicle with respect to exhaust emissions under this part.
The vehicle must nevertheless meet all emission standards with the
engine installed. You must also label fuel tanks and fuel lines as
specified in Sec. 1051.135(d).
(b) You must follow the engine manufacturer's emission-related
installation instructions, as described in Sec. 1051.135 and 40 CFR
1068.105. For example, you must use a fuel system that meets the
permeation requirements of this part, consistent with the engine
manufacturer's instructions.
(c) If you obscure the engine label while installing the engine in
the vehicle such that the label cannot be read during normal
maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the vehicle as
described in 40 CFR 1068.105.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 73 FR 59245, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.30 Submission of information.

(a) This part includes various requirements to record data or other
information. Refer to Sec. 1051.825 and 40 CFR 1068.25 regarding
recordkeeping

[[Page 491]]

requirements. Unless we specify otherwise, store these records in any
format and on any media and keep them readily available for one year
after you send an associated application for certification, or one year
after you generate the data if they do not support an application for
certification. You must promptly send us organized, written records in
English if we ask for them. We may review them at any time.
(b) The regulations in Sec. 1051.255 and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. This includes
information not related to certification.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1051.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a
certificate holder.

[75 FR 23023, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1051.101 What emission standards and other requirements must my vehicles

meet?

(a) You must show that your vehicles meet the following:
(1) The applicable exhaust emission standards in Sec. 1051.103,
Sec. 1051.105, Sec. 1051.107, or Sec. 1051.145.
(i) For snowmobiles, see Sec. 1051.103.
(ii) For off-highway motorcycles, see Sec. 1051.105.
(iii) For all-terrain vehicles and offroad utility vehicles subject
to this part, see Sec. 1051.107 and Sec. 1051.145.
(2) The evaporative emission standards in Sec. 1051.110.
(3) All the requirements in Sec. 1051.115.
(b) The certification regulations in subpart C of this part describe
how you make this showing.
(c) These standards and requirements apply to all testing, including
certification, production-line, and in-use testing.
(d) Other sections in this subpart describe other requirements for
manufacturers such as labeling or warranty requirements.
(e) It is important that you read Sec. 1051.145 to determine if
there are other interim requirements or interim compliance options that
apply for a limited time.
(f) As described in Sec. 1051.1(a)(4), offroad utility vehicles
that are subject to this part are subject to the same requirements as
ATVs.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40487, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1051.103 What are the exhaust emission standards for snowmobiles?

(a) Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section by model
year. Measure emissions with the snowmobile test procedures in subpart F
of this part.
(1) Follow Table 1 of this section for exhaust emission standards.
You may generate or use emission credits under the averaging, banking,
and trading (ABT) program for HC and CO emissions, as described in
subpart H of this part. This requires that you specify a family emission
limit for each pollutant you include in the ABT program for each engine
family. These family emission limits serve as the emission standards for
the engine family with respect to all required testing instead of the
standards specified in this section. An engine family meets emission
standards even if its family emission limit is higher than the standard,
as long as you show that the whole averaging set of applicable engine
families meets the applicable emission standards using emission credits,
and the vehicles within the family meet the family emission limit. The
phase-in values specify the percentage of your U.S.-directed production
that must comply with the emission standards for those model years.
Calculate this compliance percentage based on a simple count of your
U.S.-directed production units within each certified engine family
compared with a simple count of your total U.S.-directed production
units. Table 1 also shows the maximum value you may specify for a family
emission limit, as follows:

[[Page 492]]

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.103--Exhaust Emission Standards for Snowmobiles (g/kW-hr)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards Maximum allowable family
Phase-in -------------------------- emission limits
Phase Model year (percent) -------------------------
HC CO HC CO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase 1......................................... 2006.............................. 50 100 275
Phase 1......................................... 2007-2009......................... 100 100 275
Phase 2......................................... 2010 and 2011..................... 100 75 275
Phase 3......................................... 2012 and later.................... 100 (\1\) (\1\) 150 400
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See Sec. 1051.103(a)(2).

(2) For Phase 3, the HC and CO standards are defined by a functional
relationship. Choose your corporate average HC and CO standards for each
year according to the following criteria:
(i) Prior to production, select the HC standard and CO standard
(specified as g/kW-hr) so that the combined percent reduction from
baseline emission levels is greater than or equal to 100 percent; that
is, that the standards comply with the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25JN08.006

(ii) Your corporate average HC standard may not be higher than 75 g/
kW-hr.
(iii) Your corporate average CO standard may not be higher than 275
g/kW-hr.
(iv) You may use the averaging and banking provisions of subpart H
of this part to show compliance with these HC and CO standards at the
end of the model year under paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section. You
must comply with these final corporate average emission standards.
(b) The exhaust emission standards in this section apply for
snowmobiles using the fuel type on which they are designed to operate.
You must meet the numerical emission standards for hydrocarbons in this
section based on the following types of hydrocarbon emissions for
snowmobiles powered by the following fuels:
(1) Natural gas-fueled snowmobiles: NMHC emissions.
(2) Alcohol-fueled snowmobiles: THCE emissions.
(3) Other snowmobiles: THC emissions.
(c) Your snowmobiles must meet emission standards over their full
useful life. The minimum useful life is 8,000 kilometers, 400 hours of
engine operation, or five calendar years, whichever comes first. You
must specify a longer useful life in terms of kilometers and hours for
the engine family if the average service life of your vehicles is longer
than the minimum value, as follows:
(1) Except as allowed by paragraph (c)(2) of this section, your
useful life (in kilometers and hours) may not be less than either of the
following:
(i) Your projected operating life from advertisements or other
marketing materials for any vehicles in the engine family.
(ii) Your basic mechanical warranty for any engines in the engine
family.
(2) Your useful life may be based on the average service life of
vehicles in the engine family if you show that the average service life
is less than the useful life required by paragraph (c)(1) of this
section, but more than the minimum useful life (8,000 kilometers or 400
hours of engine operation). In determining the actual average service
life of vehicles in an engine family, we will consider all available
information and

[[Page 493]]

analyses. Survey data is allowed but not required to make this showing.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40487, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 35951, June 25, 2008; 73 FR 59246, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.105 What are the exhaust emission standards for off-highway

motorcycles?

(a) Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section by model
year. Measure emissions with the off-highway motorcycle test procedures
in subpart F of this part.
(1) Follow Table 1 of this section for exhaust emission standards.
You may generate or use emission credits under the averaging, banking,
and trading (ABT) program for HC+NOX and CO emissions, as
described in subpart H of this part. This requires that you specify a
family emission limit for each pollutant you include in the ABT program
for each engine family. These family emission limits serve as the
emission standards for the engine family with respect to all required
testing instead of the standards specified in this section. An engine
family meets emission standards even if its family emission limit is
higher than the standard, as long as you show that the whole averaging
set of applicable engine families meets the applicable emission
standards using emission credits, and the vehicles within the family
meet the family emission limit. The phase-in values specify the
percentage of your U.S.-directed production that must comply with the
emission standards for those model years. Calculate this compliance
percentage based on a simple count of your U.S.-directed production
units within each certified engine family compared with a simple count
of your total U.S.-directed production units. Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.105--Exhaust Emission Standards for Off-Highway Motorcycles (g/km)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards Maximum allowable family
Phase-in -------------------------- emission limits
Phase Model year (percent) -------------------------
HC+NOX CO HC+NOX CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase 1...................... 2006............ 50 2.0 25 20.0 50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007 and later.. 100 2.0 25 20.0 50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) For model years 2007 and later you may choose to certify all of
your off-highway motorcycles to an HC+NOX standard of 4.0 g/
km and a CO standard of 35 g/km, instead of the standards listed in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section. To certify to the standards in this
paragraph (a)(2), you must comply with the following provisions:
(i) You may not request an exemption for any off-highway motorcycles
under Sec. 1051.620
(ii) At least ten percent of your off-highway motorcycles for the
model year must have four of the following features:
(A) The absence of a headlight or other lights.
(B) The absence of a spark arrestor.
(C) The absence of manufacturer warranty.
(D) Suspension travel greater than 10 inches.
(E) Engine displacement greater than 50 cc.
(F) The absence of a functional seat.
(iii) You may use the averaging and banking provisions of subpart H
of this part to show compliance with this HC+NOX standard,
but not this CO standard. If you use the averaging or banking provisions
to show compliance, your FEL for HC+NOX may not exceed 8.0 g/
km for any engine family. You may not use the trading provisions of
subpart H of this part.
(3) You may certify off-highway motorcycles with engines that have
total displacement of 70 cc or less to the exhaust emission standards in
Sec. 1051.615 instead of certifying them to the exhaust emission
standards of this section. Count all such vehicles in the phase-in
(percent) requirements of this section.
(b) The exhaust emission standards in this section apply for off-
highway motorcycles using the fuel type on which they are designed to
operate.

[[Page 494]]

You must meet the numerical emission standards for hydrocarbons in this
section based on the following types of hydrocarbon emissions for off-
highway motorcycles powered by the following fuels:
(1) Natural gas-fueled off-highway motorcycles: NMHC emissions.
(2) Alcohol-fueled off-highway motorcycles: THCE emissions.
(3) Other off-highway motorcycles: THC emissions.
(c) Your off-highway motorcycles must meet emission standards over
their full useful life. For off-highway motorcycles with engines that
have total displacement greater than 70 cc, the minimum useful life is
10,000 kilometers or five years, whichever comes first. For off-highway
motorcycles with engines that have total displacement of 70 cc or less,
the minimum useful life is 5,000 kilometers or five years, whichever
comes first. You must specify a longer useful life for the engine family
in terms of kilometers if the average service life of your vehicles is
longer than the minimum value, as follows:
(1) Except as allowed by paragraph (c)(2) of this section, your
useful life (in kilometers) may not be less than either of the
following:
(i) Your projected operating life from advertisements or other
marketing materials for any vehicles in the engine family.
(ii) Your basic mechanical warranty for any engines in the engine
family.
(2) Your useful life may be based on the average service life of
vehicles in the engine family if you show that the average service life
is less than the useful life required by paragraph (c)(1) of this
section, but more than the minimum useful life (10,000 kilometers). In
determining the actual average service life of vehicles in an engine
family, we will consider all available information and analyses. Survey
data is allowed but not required to make this showing.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40487, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59246, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.107 What are the exhaust emission standards for all-terrain

vehicles (ATVs) and offroad utility vehicles?

This section specifies the exhaust emission standards that apply to
ATVs. As is described in Sec. 1051.1(a)(4), offroad utility vehicles
that are subject to this part are subject to these same standards.
(a) Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section by model
year. Measure emissions with the ATV test procedures in subpart F of
this part.
(1) Follow Table 1 of this section for exhaust emission standards.
You may generate or use emission credits under the averaging, banking,
and trading (ABT) program for HC+NOX emissions, as described
in subpart H of this part. This requires that you specify a family
emission limit for each pollutant you include in the ABT program for
each engine family. These family emission limits serve as the emission
standards for the engine family with respect to all required testing
instead of the standards specified in this section. An engine family
meets emission standards even if its family emission limit is higher
than the standard, as long as you show that the whole averaging set of
applicable engine families meets the applicable emission standards using
emission credits, and the vehicles within the family meet the family
emission limit. Table 1 also shows the maximum value you may specify for
a family emission limit. The phase-in values in the table specify the
percentage of your total U.S.-directed production that must comply with
the emission standards for those model years.
Calculate this compliance percentage based on a simple count of your
U.S.-directed production units within each certified engine family
compared with a simple count of your total U.S.-directed production
units. This applies to your total production of ATVs and offroad utility
vehicles that are subject to the standards of this part; including both
ATVs and offroad utility vehicles subject to the standards of this
section and ATVs and offroad utility vehicles certified to the standards
of other sections in this part 1051 (such as Sec. 1051.615, but not
including vehicles certified under other parts in this

[[Page 495]]

chapter (such as 40 CFR part 90). Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.107--Exhaust Emission Standards for ATVs (g/km)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards Maximum allowable family
Phase-in -------------------------------- emission limits
Phase Model year (percent) -------------------------------
HC+NOX CO HC+NOX CO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase 1................................... 2006........................ 50 1.5 35 20.0 ..............
2007 and later.............. 100 1.5 35 20.0 ..............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) You may certify ATVs with engines that have total displacement
of less than 100 cc to the exhaust emission standards in Sec. 1051.615
instead of certifying them to the exhaust emission standards of this
section. Count all such vehicles in the phase-in (percent) requirements
of this section.
(b) The exhaust emission standards in this section apply for ATVs
using the fuel type on which they are designed to operate. You must meet
the numerical emission standards for hydrocarbons in this section based
on the following types of hydrocarbon emissions for ATVs powered by the
following fuels:
(1) Natural gas-fueled ATVs: NMHC emissions.
(2) Alcohol-fueled ATVs: THCE emissions.
(3) Other ATVs: THC emissions.
(c) Your ATVs must meet emission standards over their full useful
life. For ATVs with engines that have total displacement of 100 cc or
greater, the minimum useful life is 10,000 kilometers, 1000 hours of
engine operation, or five years, whichever comes first. For ATVs with
engines that have total displacement of less than 100 cc, the minimum
useful life is 5,000 kilometers, 500 hours of engine operation, or five
years, whichever comes first. You must specify a longer useful life for
the engine family in terms of kilometers and hours if the average
service life of your vehicles is longer than the minimum value, as
follows:
(1) Except as allowed by paragraph (c)(2) of this section, your
useful life (in kilometers) may not be less than either of the
following:
(i) Your projected operating life from advertisements or other
marketing materials for any vehicles in the engine family.
(ii) Your basic mechanical warranty for any engines in the engine
family.
(2) Your useful life may be based on the average service life of
vehicles in the engine family if you show that the average service life
is less than the useful life required by paragraph (c)(1) of this
section, but more than the minimum useful life (10,000 kilometers or
1,000 hours of engine operation). In determining the actual average
service life of vehicles in an engine family, we will consider all
available information and analyses. Survey data is allowed but not
required to make this showing.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40488, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59246, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.110 What evaporative emission standards must my vehicles meet?

Your new vehicles that run on a volatile liquid fuel (such as
gasoline) must meet the emission standards of this section over their
full useful life. Note that Sec. 1051.245 allows you to use design-
based certification instead of generating new emission data.
(a) Beginning with the 2008 model year, permeation emissions from
your vehicle's fuel tank(s) may not exceed 1.5 grams per square-meter
per day when measured with the test procedures for tank permeation in
subpart F of this part. You may generate or use emission credits under
the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program, as described in
subpart H of this part.
(b) Beginning with the 2008 model year, permeation emissions from
your vehicle's fuel lines may not exceed 15 grams per square-meter per
day when measured with the test procedures for fuel-line permeation in
subpart F of this part. Use the inside diameter of the hose to determine
the surface area of the hose.

[[Page 496]]

(c) You may certify your fuel tanks and fuel lines under the
provisions of 40 CFR part 1060. You may also specify in your application
for certification that you are using components that have been certified
by the component manufacturer.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40488, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59246, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.115 What other requirements apply?

Vehicles that are required to meet the emission standards of this
part must meet the following requirements:
(a) Closed crankcase. Crankcase emissions may not be discharged
directly into the ambient atmosphere from any vehicle throughout its
useful life.
(b) [Reserved]
(c) Adjustable parameters. Vehicles that have adjustable parameters
must meet all the requirements of this part for any adjustment in the
physically adjustable range. Note that parameters that control the air-
fuel ratio may be treated separately under paragraph (d) of this
section. An operating parameter is not considered adjustable if you
permanently seal it or if it is not normally accessible using ordinary
tools. We may require that you set adjustable parameters to any
specification within the adjustable range during any testing, including
certification testing, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
(d) Other adjustments. This provision applies if an experienced
mechanic can change your engine's air-fuel ratio in less than one hour
with a few parts whose total cost is under $50 (in 2001 dollars).
Examples include carburetor jets and needles. In the case of carburetor
jets and needles, your vehicle must meet all the requirements of this
part for any air-fuel ratio within the adjustable range described in
paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(1) In your application for certification, specify the adjustable
range of air-fuel ratios you expect to occur in use. You may specify it
in terms of engine parts (such as the carburetor jet size and needle
configuration as a function of atmospheric conditions).
(2) This adjustable range (specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this
section) must include all air-fuel ratios between the lean limit and the
rich limit, unless you can show that some air-fuel ratios will not occur
in use.
(i) The lean limit is the air-fuel ratio that produces the highest
engine power output (averaged over the test cycle).
(ii) The rich limit is the richest of the following air-fuel ratios:
(A) The air-fuel ratio that would result from operating the vehicle
as you produce it at the specified test conditions. This paragraph
(d)(2)(ii)(A) does not apply if you produce the vehicle with an unjetted
carburetor so that the vehicle must be jetted by the dealer or operator.
(B) The air-fuel ratio of the engine when you do durability testing.
(C) The richest air-fuel ratio that you recommend to your customers
for the applicable ambient conditions.
(3) If the air-fuel ratio of your vehicle is adjusted primarily by
changing the carburetor jet size and/or needle configuration, you may
submit your recommended jetting chart instead of the range of air-fuel
ratios required by paragraph (d)(1) of this section if the following
criteria are met:
(i) Good engineering judgment indicates that vehicle operators would
not have an incentive to operate the vehicle with richer air-fuel ratios
than recommended.
(ii) The chart is based on use of a fuel that is equivalent to the
specified test fuel(s). As an alternative you may submit a chart based
on a representative in-use fuel if you also provide instructions for
converting the chart to be applicable to the test fuel(s).
(iii) The chart is specified in units that are adequate to make it
practical for an operator to keep the vehicle properly jetted during
typical use. For example, charts that specify jet sizes based on
increments of temperature smaller than 20 [deg]F (11.1 [deg]C) or
increments of altitude less than 2000 feet would not meet this criteria.
Temperature ranges must overlap by at least 5 [deg]F (2.8 [deg]C).
(iv) You follow the jetting chart for durability testing.
(v) You do not produce your vehicles with jetting richer than the
jetting chart recommendation for the intended vehicle use.

[[Page 497]]

(vi) The adjustable range of carburetor screws, such as air screw,
fuel screw, and idle-speed screw must be defined by stops, limits, or
specification on the jetting chart consistent with the requirements for
specifying jet sizes and needle configuration in this section.
(4) We may require you to adjust the engine to any specification
within the adjustable range during certification testing, production-
line testing, selective enforcement auditing, or in-use testing. If we
allow you to submit your recommended jetting chart instead of the range
of air-fuel ratios required by paragraph (d)(1) of this section, adjust
the engine to the richest specification within the jetting chart for the
test conditions, unless we specify a leaner setting. We may not specify
a setting leaner than that described in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this
section.
(e) Prohibited controls. You may not design your engines with
emission-control devices, systems, or elements of design that cause or
contribute to an unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety
while operating. For example, this would apply if the engine emits a
noxious or toxic substance it would otherwise not emit that contributes
to such an unreasonable risk.
(f) Defeat devices. You may not equip your vehicles with a defeat
device. A defeat device is an auxiliary emission-control device that
reduces the effectiveness of emission controls under conditions that the
vehicle may reasonably be expected to encounter during normal operation
and use. This does not apply to auxiliary emission-control devices you
identify in your certification application if any of the following is
true:
(1) The conditions of concern were substantially included in the
applicable test procedures described in subpart F of this part.
(2) You show your design is necessary to prevent vehicle damage or
accidents.
(3) The reduced effectiveness applies only to starting the engine.
(g) Noise standards. There are no noise standards specified in this
part 1051. See 40 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter G, to determine if your
vehicle must meet noise emission standards under another part of our
regulations.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40488, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59246, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?

(a) General requirements. You must warrant to the ultimate purchaser
and each subsequent purchaser that the new engine, including all parts
of its emission-control system, meets two conditions:
(1) It is designed, built, and equipped so it conforms at the time
of sale to the ultimate purchaser with the requirements of this part.
(2) It is free from defects in materials and workmanship that may
keep it from meeting these requirements.
(b) Warranty period. Your emission-related warranty must be valid
for at least 50 percent of the vehicle's minimum useful life in
kilometers or hours of engine operation (where applicable), or at least
30 months, whichever comes first. You may offer an emission-related
warranty more generous than we require. The emission-related warranty
for the engine may not be shorter than any published warranty you offer
without charge for the engine. Similarly, the emission-related warranty
for any component may not be shorter than any published warranty you
offer without charge for that component. If a vehicle has no odometer,
base warranty periods in this paragraph (b) only on the vehicle's age
(in years). The warranty period begins when the engine is placed into
service.
(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all
components whose failure would increase an engine's emissions of any
regulated pollutant, including components listed in 40 CFR part 1068,
Appendix I, and components from any other system you develop to control
emissions. The emission-related warranty covers these components even if
another company produces the component. Your emission-related warranty
does not cover components whose failure would not increase an engine's
emissions of any regulated pollutant.

[[Page 498]]

(d) Limited applicability. You may deny warranty claims under this
section if the operator caused the problem through improper maintenance
or use, as described in 40 CFR 1068.115. You may ask us to allow you to
exclude from your emission-related warranty certified vehicles that have
been used significantly for competition, especially certified
motorcycles that meet at least four of the criteria in Sec.
1051.620(b)(1).
(e) Owners manual. Describe in the owners manual the emission-
related warranty provisions from this section that apply to the engine.

[70 FR 40489, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59246, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

Give the ultimate purchaser of each new vehicle written instructions
for properly maintaining and using the vehicle, including the emission-
control system. The maintenance instructions also apply to service
accumulation on your emission-data vehicles, as described in Sec.
1051.240, Sec. 1051.245, and 40 CFR part 1065.
(a) Critical emission-related maintenance. Critical emission-related
maintenance includes any adjustment, cleaning, repair, or replacement of
critical emission-related components. This may also include additional
emission-related maintenance that you determine is critical if we
approve it in advance. You may schedule critical emission-related
maintenance on these components if you meet the following conditions:
(1) You demonstrate that the maintenance is reasonably likely to be
done at the recommended intervals on in-use vehicles. We will accept
scheduled maintenance as reasonably likely to occur if you satisfy any
of the following conditions:
(i) You present data showing that, if a lack of maintenance
increases emissions, it also unacceptably degrades the vehicle's
performance.
(ii) You present survey data showing that at least 80 percent of
vehicles in the field get the maintenance you specify at the recommended
intervals.
(iii) You provide the maintenance free of charge and clearly say so
in your maintenance instructions.
(iv) You otherwise show us that the maintenance is reasonably likely
to be done at the recommended intervals.
(2) You may not schedule critical emission-related maintenance
within the minimum useful life period for aftertreatment devices, pulse-
air valves, fuel injectors, oxygen sensors, electronic control units,
superchargers, or turbochargers.
(3) You may ask us to approve a maintenance interval shorter than
that specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. In your request you
must describe the proposed maintenance step, recommend the maximum
feasible interval for this maintenance, include your rationale with
supporting evidence to support the need for the maintenance at the
recommended interval, and demonstrate that the maintenance will be done
at the recommended interval on in-use engines. In considering your
request, we will evaluate the information you provide and any other
available information to establish alternate specifications for
maintenance intervals, if appropriate.
(b) Recommended additional maintenance. You may recommend any
additional amount of maintenance on the components listed in paragraph
(a) of this section, as long as you state clearly that these maintenance
steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related warranty valid. If
operators do the maintenance specified in paragraph (a) of this section,
but not the recommended additional maintenance, this does not allow you
to disqualify those vehicles from in-use testing or deny a warranty
claim. Do not take these maintenance steps during service accumulation
on your emission-data vehicles.
(c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance
to address problems related to special situations, such as atypical
engine operation. You must clearly state that this additional
maintenance is associated with the special situation you are addressing.
We may disapprove your maintenance instructions if we determine that you
have specified special maintenance steps to address engine

[[Page 499]]

operation that is not atypical, or that the maintenance is unlikely to
occur in use. If we determine that certain maintenance items do not
qualify as special maintenance under this paragraph (c), you may
identify this as recommended additional maintenance under paragraph (b)
of this section.
(d) Noncritical emission-related maintenance. Subject to the
provisions of this paragraph (d), you may schedule any amount of
emission-related inspection or maintenance that is not covered by
paragraph (a) of this section (i.e., maintenance that is neither
explicitly identified as critical emission-related maintenance, nor that
we approve as critical emission-related maintenance). Noncritical
emission-related maintenance generally includes changing spark plugs,
re-seating valves, or any other emission-related maintenance on the
components we specify in 40 CFR part 1068, Appendix I that is not
covered in paragraph (a) of this section. You must state in the owner's
manual that these steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related
warranty valid. If operators fail to do this maintenance, this does not
allow you to disqualify those vehicles from in-use testing or deny a
warranty claim. Do not take these inspection or maintenance steps during
service accumulation on your emission-data vehicles.
(e) Maintenance that is not emission-related. For maintenance
unrelated to emission controls, you may schedule any amount of
inspection or maintenance. You may also take these inspection or
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data
vehicles, as long as they are reasonable and technologically necessary.
This might include adding engine oil, changing air, fuel, or oil
filters, servicing engine-cooling systems, and adjusting idle speed,
governor, engine bolt torque, valve lash, or injector lash, or adjusting
chain tension, clutch position, or tire pressure. You may perform this
nonemission-related maintenance on emission-data vehicles at the least
frequent intervals that you recommend to the ultimate purchaser (but not
the intervals recommended for severe service). You may also visually
inspect test vehicles or engines, including emission-related components,
as needed to ensure safe operation.
(f) Source of parts and repairs. State clearly on the first page of
your written maintenance instructions that a repair shop or person of
the owner's choosing may maintain, replace, or repair emission-control
devices and systems. Your instructions may not require components or
service identified by brand, trade, or corporate name. Also, do not
directly or indirectly condition your warranty on a requirement that the
vehicle be serviced by your franchised dealers or any other service
establishments with which you have a commercial relationship. You may
disregard the requirements in this paragraph (f) if you do one of two
things:
(1) Provide a component or service without charge under the purchase
agreement.
(2) Get us to waive this prohibition in the public's interest by
convincing us the vehicle will work properly only with the identified
component or service.
(g) Payment for scheduled maintenance. Owners are responsible for
properly maintaining their vehicles. This generally includes paying for
scheduled maintenance. However, manufacturers must pay for scheduled
maintenance during the useful life if it meets all the following
criteria:
(1) Each affected component was not in general use on similar
vehicles before the 2006 model year.
(2) The primary function of each affected component is to reduce
emissions.
(3) The cost of the scheduled maintenance is more than 2 percent of
the price of the vehicle.
(4) Failure to perform the maintenance would not cause clear
problems that would significantly degrade the vehicle's performance.
(h) Owners manual. Explain the owner's responsibility for proper
maintenance in the owners manual.

[70 FR 40489, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59246, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23023, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 500]]

Sec. 1051.130 What installation instructions must I give to vehicle

manufacturers?

(a) If you sell an engine for someone else to install in a piece of
nonroad equipment, give the engine installer instructions for installing
it consistent with the requirements of this part. Include all
information necessary to ensure that an engine will be installed in its
certified configuration.
(b) Make sure these instructions have the following information:
(1) Include the heading: ``Emission-related installation
instructions''.
(2) State: ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing a
certified engine in a piece of nonroad equipment violates federal law
(40 CFR 1068.105(b)), subject to fines or other penalties as described
in the Clean Air Act.''.
(3) Describe the instructions needed to properly install the exhaust
system and any other components. Include instructions consistent with
the requirements of Sec. 1051.205(r).
(4) Describe the steps needed to comply with the evaporative
emission standards in Sec. 1051.110.
(5) Describe any limits on the range of applications needed to
ensure that the engine operates consistently with your application for
certification. For example, if your engines are certified only to the
snowmobile standards, tell vehicle manufacturers not to install the
engines in other vehicles.
(6) Describe any other instructions to make sure the installed
engine will operate according to design specifications in your
application for certification. This may include, for example,
instructions for installing aftertreatment devices when installing the
engines.
(7) State: ``If you install the engine in a way that makes the
engine's emission contro information label hard to read during normal
engine maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the vehicle, as
described in 40 CFR 1068.105.''.
(c) You do not need installation instructions for engines you
install in your own vehicles.
(d) Provide instructions in writing or in an equivalent format. For
example, you may post instructions on a publicly available Web site for
downloading or printing. If you do not provide the instructions in
writing, explain in your application for certification how you will
ensure that each installer is informed of the installation requirements.

[70 FR 40490, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1051.135 How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

Each of your vehicles must have three labels: a vehicle
identification number as described in paragraph (a) of this section, an
emission control information label as described in paragraphs (b)
through (e) of this section, and a consumer information label as
described in Sec. 1051.137.
(a) Assign each vehicle a unique identification number and
permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way.
(b) At the time of manufacture, affix a permanent and legible
emission control information label identifying each vehicle. The label
must be
(1) Attached so it is not removable without being destroyed or
defaced.
(2) Secured to a part of the vehicle (or engine) needed for normal
operation and not normally requiring replacement.
(3) Durable and readable for the vehicle's entire life.
(4) Written in English.
(c) The label must--
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may identify
another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you comply
with the provisions of Sec. 1051.645.
(3) Include EPA's standardized designation for engine families, as
described in Sec. 1051.230.
(4) State the engine's displacement (in liters). You may omit this
from the emission control information label if the vehicle is
permanently labeled with a unique model name that corresponds to a
specific displacement. Also, you may omit displacement from the label if
all the engines in the engine family have the same per-cylinder
displacement and total displacement.
(5) State: ``THIS VEHICLE IS CERTIFIED TO OPERATE ON [specify
operating fuel or fuels].''.

[[Page 501]]

(6) State the date of manufacture [DAY (optional), MONTH, and YEAR];
however, you may omit this from the label if you stamp, engrave, or
otherwise permanently identify it elsewhere on the vehicle or engine, in
which case you must also describe in your application for certification
where you will identify the date on the vehicle or engine.
(7) State the exhaust emission standards or FELs to which the
vehicles are certified (in g/km or g/kW-hr). Also, state the FEL that
applies for the fuel tank if it is different than the otherwise
applicable standard.
(8) Identify the emission-control system. Use terms and
abbreviations as described in 40 CFR 1068.45. You may omit this
information from the label if there is not enough room for it and you
put it in the owner's manual instead.
(9) List specifications and adjustments for engine tuneups; show the
proper position for the transmission during tuneup and state which
accessories should be operating.
(10) Identify the fuel type and any requirements for fuel and
lubricants. You may omit this information from the label if there is not
enough room for it and you put it in the owners manual instead.
(11) State the useful life for your engine family if it is different
than the minimum value.
(12) State: ``THIS VEHICLE MEETS U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR [MODEL
YEAR] [SNOWMOBILES or OFF-ROAD MOTORCYCLES or ATVs or OFFROAD UTILITY
VEHICLES].''
(13) Identify evaporative emission controls as specified in 40 CFR
1060.135.
(d) You may add information to the emission control information
label to identify other emission standards that the vehicle meets or
does not meet (such as California standards). You may also add other
information to ensure that the engine will be properly maintained and
used.
(e) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
part 1051 if you show that it is necessary or appropriate. We will
approve your request if your alternate label is consistent with the
requirements of this part.
(f) [Reserved]
(g) Label every vehicle certified under this part with a removable
hang-tag showing its emission characteristics relative to other models,
as described in Sec. 1051.137.

[70 FR 40490, July 13, 2005, as amended at 59246, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR
23024, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1051.137 What are the consumer labeling requirements?

Label every vehicle certified under this part with a removable hang-
tag showing its emission characteristics relative to other models. The
label should be attached securely to the vehicle before it is offered
for sale in such a manner that it would not be accidentally removed
prior to sale. Use the applicable equations of this section to determine
the normalized emission rate (NER) from the FEL for your vehicle. If the
vehicle is certified without a family emission limit that is different
than the otherwise applicable standard, use the final deteriorated
emission level. Round the resulting normalized emission rate for your
vehicle to one decimal place. If the calculated NER value is less than
zero, consider NER to be zero for that vehicle. We may specify a
standardized format for labels. At a minimum, the tag should include:
the manufacturer's name, vehicle model name, engine description (500 cc
two-stroke with DFI), the NER, and a brief explanation of the scale (for
example, note that 0 is the cleanest and 10 is the least clean).
(a) For snowmobiles, use the following equation:

NER = 16.61 x log (2.667 x HC + CO)-38.22

Where:

HC and CO are the cycle-weighted FELs (or emission rates) for
hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in g/kW-hr.

(b) For off-highway motorcycles, use the following equations:
(1) For off-highway motorcycles certified to the standards in Sec.
1051.105, use one of the equations specified below.
(i) If the vehicle has HC + NOX emissions less than or
equal to 2.0 g/km, use the following equation:

NER = 2.500 x (HC+NOX)

Where:

[[Page 502]]

HC+NOX is the FEL (or the sum of the cycle-weighted emission
rates) for hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in g/km.

(ii) If the vehicle has HC + NOX emissions greater than
2.0 g/km, use the following equation:

NER = 5.000 x log(HC+NOX)+ 3.495

Where:

HC+NOX is the FEL (or the sum of the cycle-weighted emission
rates) for hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in g/km.

(2) For off-highway motorcycles certified to the standards in Sec.
1051.615(b), use the following equation:

NER = 8.782 x log(HC+NOX) -5.598

Where:

HC+NOX is the FEL (or the sum of the cycle-weighted emission
rates) for hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in g/kW-hr.

(c) For ATVs, use the following equations:
(1) For ATVs certified to the standards in Sec. 1051.107, use one
of the equations specified below.
(i) If the vehicle has HC + NOX emissions less than or
equal to 1.5 g/km, use the following equation:

NER = 3.333 x (HC+NOX)

Where:

HC+NOX is the FEL (or the sum of the cycle-weighted emission
rates) for hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in g/km.

(ii) If the vehicle has HC + NOX emissions greater than
1.5 g/km, use the following equation:

NER = 4.444 x log(HC+NOX)+4.217

Where:

HC+NOX is the FEL (or the sum of the cycle-weighted emission
rates) for hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in g/km.

(2) For ATVs certified to the standards in Sec. 1051.615(a), use
the following equation:

NER = 8.782 x log(HC + NOX) -7.277

Where:

HC+NOX is the FEL (or the sum of the cycle-weighted emission
rates) for hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in g/kW-hr.

[70 FR 40491, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59246, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.140 What is my vehicle's maximum engine power and displacement?

This section describes how to quantify your vehicle's maximum engine
power and displacement for the purposes of this part.
(a) An engine configuration's maximum engine power is the maximum
brake power point on the nominal power curve for the engine
configuration, as defined in this section. Round the power value to the
nearest 0.5 kilowatts. The nominal power curve of an engine
configuration is the relationship between maximum available engine brake
power and engine speed for an engine, using the mapping procedures of 40
CFR part 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production
specifications for the engine. This information may also be expressed by
a torque curve that relates maximum available engine torque with engine
speed.
(b) An engine configuration's displacement is the intended swept
volume of the engine rounded to the nearest cubic centimeter. The swept
volume of the engine is the product of the internal cross-section area
of the cylinders, the stroke length, and the number of cylinders. For
example, for a one-cylinder engine with a circular cylinder having an
internal diameter of 6.00 cm and a 6.25 cm stroke length, the rounded
displacement would be: (1)x(6.00/2) \2\ x ([pi]) x (6.25) = 177 cc.
Calculate the engine's intended swept volume from the design
specifications for the cylinders using enough significant figures to
allow determination of the displacement to the nearest 0.1 cc.
(c) The nominal power curve and intended swept volume must be within
the range of the actual power curves and swept volumes of production
engines considering normal production variability. If after production
begins it is determined that either your nominal power curve or your
intended swept volume does not represent production engines, we may
require you to amend your application for certification under Sec.
1051.225.

[73 FR 59247, Oct. 8, 2008]

[[Page 503]]

Sec. 1051.145 What provisions apply only for a limited time?

Apply the following provisions instead of others in this part for
the periods and circumstances specified in this section.
(a) Provisions for small-volume manufacturers. Special provisions
apply to you if you are a small-volume manufacturer subject to the
requirements of this part. Contact us before 2006 if you intend to use
these provisions.
(1) You may delay complying with otherwise applicable emission
standards (and other requirements) for two model years.
(2) If you are a small-volume manufacturer of snowmobiles, only 50
percent of the models you produce (instead of all of the models you
produce) must meet emission standards in the first two years they apply
to you as a small-volume manufacturer, as described in paragraph (a)(1)
of this section. For example, this alternate phase-in allowance would
allow small-volume snowmobile manufacturers to comply with the Phase 1
exhaust standards by certifying 50 percent of their snowmobiles in 2008,
50 percent of their snowmobiles in 2009, and 100 percent in 2010.
(3) Your vehicles for model years before 2011 may be exempt from the
exhaust standards of this part if you meet the following criteria:
(i) Produce your vehicles by installing engines covered by a valid
certificate of conformity under 40 CFR part 90 that shows the engines
meet standards for Class II engines for each engine's model year.
(ii) Do not change the engine in a way that we could reasonably
expect to increase its exhaust emissions.
(iii) The engine meets all applicable requirements from 40 CFR part
90. This applies to engine manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers who use
these engines, and all other persons as if these engines were not used
in recreational vehicles.
(iv) Show that fewer than 50 percent of the engine family's total
sales in the United States are used in recreational vehicles regulated
under this part. This includes engines used in any application, without
regard to which company manufactures the vehicle or equipment.
(v) If your engines do not meet the criteria listed in paragraph (a)
of this section, they will be subject to the provisions of this part.
Introducing these engines into commerce without a valid exemption or
certificate of conformity violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101.
(vi) Engines exempted under this paragraph (a)(3) are subject to all
the requirements affecting engines under 40 CFR part 90. The
requirements and restrictions of 40 CFR part 90 apply to anyone
manufacturing these engines, anyone manufacturing equipment that uses
these engines, and all other persons in the same manner as other engines
subject to 40 CFR part 90.
(4) All vehicles produced under this paragraph (a) must be labeled
according to our specifications. The label must include the following:
(i) The heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(ii) Your full corporate name and trademark.
(iii) A description of the provisions under which this section
applies to your vehicle .
(iv) Other information that we specify to you in writing.
(b) Optional emission standards for ATVs. To meet ATV standards for
model years before 2014, you may apply the exhaust emission standards by
model year in paragraph (b)(1) of this section while measuring emissions
using the engine-based test procedures in 40 CFR part 1065 instead of
the chassis-based test procedures in 40 CFR part 86. In model year 2014
you may apply this provision for exhaust emission engine families
representing up to 50 percent of your U.S.-directed production volume.
This provision is not available in the 2015 or later-model years. If you
certify only one ATV exhaust emission engine family in the 2014 model
year this provision is available for that family in the 2014 model year.
(1) Follow Table 1 of this section for exhaust emission standards,
while meeting all the other requirements of Sec. 1051.107. You may use
emission credits to show compliance with these standards (see subpart H
of this part). You

[[Page 504]]

may not exchange emission credits with engine families meeting the
standards in Sec. 1051.107(a). You may also not exchange credits
between engine families certified to the standards for engines above 225
cc and engine families certified to the standards for engines below 225
cc. The phase-in percentages in the table specify the percentage of your
total U.S.-directed production that must comply with the emission
standards for those model years (i.e., the percentage requirement does
not apply separately for engine families above and below 225 cc). Table
1 follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.145--Optional Exhaust Emission Standards for ATVs (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards Maximum
-------------------------------- allowable
family
Engine displacement Model year Phase-in emission
HC+NOX CO limits
---------------
HC+NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<225 cc....................... 2006............ 50% 16.1 400 32.2
2007 and later.. 100 16.1 400 32.2
=225 cc............ 2006............ 50 13.4 400 26.8
2007 and later.. 100 13.4 400 26.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
the steady-state duty cycle described in Table 2 of this section.
(i) During idle mode, hold the speed within your specifications,
keep the throttle fully closed, and keep engine torque under 5 percent
of the peak torque value at maximum test speed.
(ii) For the full-load operating mode, operate the engine at its
maximum fueling rate.
(iii) See part 1065 of this chapter for detailed specifications of
tolerances and calculations.
(iv) Table 2 follows:

Table 2 of Sec. 1051.145--6-Mode Duty Cycle for Recreational Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque
Engine speed (percent of (percent of Minimum time Weighting
Mode No. maximum test speed) maximum torque in mode factors
at test speed) (minutes)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1..................................... 85...................... 100 5.0 0.09
2..................................... 85...................... 75 5.0 0.20
3..................................... 85...................... 50 5.0 0.29
4..................................... 85...................... 25 5.0 0.30
5..................................... 85...................... 10 5.0 0.07
6..................................... Idle.................... 0 5.0 0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(3) For ATVs certified to the standards in this paragraph (b), use
the following equations to determine the normalized emission rate
required by Sec. 1051.137:

(i) For engines at or above 225 cc, use the following equation:

NER = 9.898 x log (HC+NOX) -4.898

Where:

HC + NOX is the sum of the cycle-weighted emission rates for
hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in g/kW-hr.

(ii) For engines below 225 cc, use the following equation:

NER = 9.898 x log [(HC+NOX) x 0.83] -4.898

Where:

HC + NOX is the sum of the cycle-weighted emission rates for
hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in g/kW-hr.

(c) [Reserved]
(d) Phase-in flexibility. For model years before 2014, if you make a
good faith effort to comply, but fail to meet the sales requirements of
this part during a phase-in period for new standards, or fail to meet
the average emission standards, we may approve an alternative remedy to
offset the emission reduction deficit using future emission

[[Page 505]]

credits under this part. To apply for this, you must:
(1) Submit a plan during the certification process for the first
model year of the phase-in showing how you project to meet the sales
requirement of the phase-in.
(2) Notify us less than 30 days after you determine that you are
likely to fail to comply with the sales requirement of the phase-in.
(3) Propose a remedy that will achieve equivalent or greater
emission reductions compared to the specified phase-in requirements, and
that will offset the deficit within one model year.
(e) Raw sampling procedures. Using good engineering judgment, you
may use the alternate raw-sampling procedures instead of the procedures
described in 40 CFR part 1065 for emission testing certain vehicles, as
follows:
(1) Snowmobile. You may use the raw sampling procedures described in
40 CFR part 90 or 91 for snowmobiles subject to Phase 1 or Phase 2
standards.
(2) ATV. You may use the raw sampling procedures described in 40 CFR
part 90 or 91 for ATVs certified using engine-based test procedures as
specified in Sec. 1051.615 before the 2015 model year. You may use
these raw sampling procedures for any ATVs certified using engine-based
test procedures as specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
(f) Early credits. Snowmobile manufacturers may generate early
emission credits in one of the following ways, by certifying some or all
of their snowmobiles prior to 2006. Credit generating snowmobiles must
meet all other applicable requirements of this part. No early credits
may be generated by off-highway motorcycles or ATVs.
(1) You may certify one or more snowmobile engine families to FELs
(HC and CO) below the numerical level of the Phase 2 standards prior to
the date when compliance with the Phase 1 standard is otherwise
required. Credits are calculated relative to the Phase 2 standards.
Credits generated under this paragraph (f)(1) may be used at any time
before 2012.
(2) You may certify a snowmobile engine family to FELs (HC and CO)
below the numerical level of the Phase 1 standards prior to the date
when compliance with the Phase 1 standard is otherwise required. Credits
are calculated relative to the Phase 1 standards. Credits generated
under this paragraph (f)(2) may only be used for compliance with the
Phase 1 standards. You may generate credits under this paragraph (f)(2)
without regard to whether the FELs are above or below the numerical
level of the Phase 2 standards.
(g) Pull-ahead option for permeation emissions. Manufacturers
choosing to comply with an early tank permeation standard of 3.0 g/m\2\/
day prior to model year 2008 may be allowed to delay compliance with the
1.5 g/m\2\/day standard by earning credits, as follows:
(1) Calculate earned credits using the following equation:

Credit = (Baseline emissions - Pull-ahead level) x
[lsqbb][Sigma]i(Production)i x
(UL)i[rsqbb]

Where:

Baseline emissions = the baseline emission rate, as determined in
paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
Pull-ahead level = the permeation level to which you certify the tank,
which must be at or below 3.0 g/m\2\/day.
(Production)i = the annual production volume of vehicles in
the engine family for model year ``i'' times the average internal
surface area of the vehicles' fuel tanks.
(UL)i = The useful life of the engine family in model year
``i''.

(2) Determine the baseline emission level for calculating credits
using any of the following values:
(i) 7.6 g/m\2\/day.
(ii) The emission rate measured from your lowest-emitting,
uncontrolled fuel tank from the current or previous model year using the
procedures in Sec. 1051.515. For example, this would generally involve
the fuel tank with the greatest wall thickness for a given material.
(iii) The emission rate measured from an uncontrolled fuel tank that
is the same as or most similar to the model you have used during the
current or previous model year. However, you may use this approach only
if you use it to establish a baseline emission level for each unique
tank model you produce using the procedures in Sec. 1051.515.

[[Page 506]]

(3) Pull-ahead tanks under this option must be certified and must
meet all applicable requirements other than those limited to compliance
with the exhaust standards.
(4) You may use credits generated under this paragraph (g) as
specified in subpart H of this part.
(h) Deficit credits for permeation standards. For 2008 through 2010
model years, you may have a negative balance of emission credits
relative to the permeation emission standards at the end of each model
year, subject to the following provisions:
(1) You must eliminate any credit deficit we allow under this
paragraph (h) by the end of the 2011 model year. If you are unable to
eliminate your credit deficit by the end of the 2011 model year, we may
void the certificates for all families certified to FELs above the
allowable average, for all affected model years.
(2) State in your application for certification a statement whether
you will have a negative balance of permeation emission credits for that
model year. If you project that you will have a negative balance,
estimate the credit deficit for each affected model year and present a
detailed plan to show where and when you will get credits to offset the
deficit by the end of the 2011 model year.
(3) In your end-of-year report under Sec. 1051.730, state whether
your credit deficit is larger or smaller than you projected in your
application for certification. If the deficit is larger than projected,
include in your end-of-year report an update to your detailed plan to
show how you will eliminate the credit deficit by the end of the 2011
model year.
(i) Delayed compliance with labeling requirements. Before the 2010
model year, you may omit the date of manufacture from the emission
control information label if you keep those records and provide them to
us upon request. Before the 2010 model year, you may also omit the label
information specified for evaporative emission controls.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40491, July 13, 2005; 72
FR 20735, Apr. 26, 2007; 73 FR 59247, Oct. 8, 2008]

Subpart C_Certifying Engine Families

Sec. 1051.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate

of conformity?

(a) You must send us a separate application for a certificate of
conformity for each engine family. A certificate of conformity is valid
starting with the indicated effective date, but it is not valid for any
production after December 31 of the model year for which it is issued.
No certificate will be issued after December 31 of the model year.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part and must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see Sec. 1051.255).
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this subpart, as long as you maintain all the information required by
Sec. 1051.250.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.
(f) See Sec. 1051.255 for provisions describing how we will process
your application.
(g) We may require you to deliver your test vehicles or engines to a
facility we designate for our testing (see Sec. 1051.235(c)).
(h) For vehicles that become new after being placed into service,
such as vehicles converted to run on a different fuel, we may specify
alternate certification provisions consistent with the intent of this
part. See Sec. 1051.650 and the definition of ``new'' in Sec.
1051.801.

[70 FR 40492, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59248, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23024, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1051.205 What must I include in my application?

This section specifies the information that must be in your
application, unless we ask you to include less information under Sec.
1051.201(c). We may require you to provide additional information to
evaluate your application.
(a) Describe the engine family's specifications and other basic
parameters

[[Page 507]]

of the vehicle's design and emission controls. List the fuel type on
which your engines are designed to operate (for example, gasoline,
liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, or natural gas). List vehicle
configurations and model names that are included in the engine family.
(b) Explain how the emission control systems operate. Describe the
evaporative emission controls. Also describe in detail all system
components for controlling exhaust emissions, including all auxiliary
emission control devices (AECDs) and all fuel-system components you will
install on any production or test vehicle or engine. Identify the part
number of each component you describe. For this paragraph (b), treat as
separate AECDs any devices that modulate or activate differently from
each other. Include sufficient detail to allow us to evaluate whether
the AECDs are consistent with the defeat device prohibition of Sec.
1051.115.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Describe the vehicles or engines you selected for testing and
the reasons for selecting them.
(e) Describe the test equipment and procedures that you used,
including any special or alternate test procedures you used (see Sec.
1051.501).
(f) Describe how you operated the emission-data vehicle before
testing, including the duty cycle and the extent of engine operation
used to stabilize emission levels. Explain why you selected the method
of service accumulation. Describe any scheduled maintenance you did.
(g) List the specifications of the test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges we specify in 40 CFR part 1065.
(h) Identify the engine family's useful life.
(i) Include the maintenance instructions you will give to the
ultimate purchaser of each new vehicle (see Sec. 1051.125).
(j) Include the emission-related installation instructions you will
provide if someone else installs your engines in a vehicle (see Sec.
1051.130).
(k) Describe the labels you create to meet the requirements of Sec.
1051.135.
(l) Identify the exhaust emission standards or FELs to which you are
certifying engines in the engine family.
(m) Identify the engine family's deterioration factors and describe
how you developed them (see Sec. 1051.243 and Sec. 1051.245). Present
any emission test data you used for this.
(n) State that you operated your emission-data vehicles as described
in the application (including the test procedures, test parameters, and
test fuels) to show you meet the requirements of this part.
(o) Present emission data to show that you meet emission standards,
as follows:
(1) Present exhaust emission data for hydrocarbons (such as NMHC or
THCE, as applicable), NOX, and CO on an emission-data vehicle
to show your vehicles meet the exhaust emission standards as specified
in subpart B of this part. Show emission figures before and after
applying deterioration factors for each vehicle or engine. If we specify
more than one grade of any fuel type (for example, a summer grade and
winter grade of gasoline), you need to submit test data only for one
grade unless the regulations of this part specify otherwise for your
engine.
(2) Present evaporative test data for hydrocarbons to show your
vehicles meet the evaporative emission standards we specify in subpart B
of this part. Show emission figures before and after applying
deterioration factors for each vehicle or engine, where applicable. If
you did not perform the testing, identify the source of the test data.
(3) Note that Sec. 1051.235 and Sec. 1051.245 allow you to submit
an application in certain cases without new emission data.
(p) Report test results as follows:
(1) Report all test results involving measurement of pollutants for
which emission standards apply. Include test results from invalid tests
or from any other tests, whether or not they were conducted according to
the test procedures of subpart F of this part. We may ask you to send
other information to confirm that your tests were valid under the
requirements of this part and 40 CFR parts 86 and 1065.
(2) Report measured CO2, N2O, and
CH4 as described in Sec. 1051.235. Small-

[[Page 508]]

volume manufacturers may omit reporting N2O and
CH4.
(q) Describe all adjustable operating parameters (see Sec.
1051.115(e)), including production tolerances. Include the following in
your description of each parameter:
(1) The nominal or recommended setting.
(2) The intended physically adjustable range.
(3) The limits or stops used to establish adjustable ranges.
(4) Information showing why the limits, stops, or other means of
inhibiting adjustment are effective in preventing adjustment of
parameters on in-use engines to settings outside your intended
physically adjustable ranges.
(r) Confirm that your emission-related installation instructions
specify how to ensure that sampling of exhaust emissions will be
possible after engines are installed in equipment and placed in service.
If this cannot be done by simply adding a 20-centimeter extension to the
exhaust pipe, show how to sample exhaust emissions in a way that
prevents diluting the exhaust sample with ambient air.
(s) Unconditionally certify that all the vehicles and/or engines in
the engine family comply with the requirements of this part, other
referenced parts of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.
(t) Include good-faith estimates of U.S.-directed production
volumes. Include a justification for the estimated production volumes if
they are substantially different than actual production volumes in
earlier years for similar models.
(u) Include the information required by other subparts of this part.
For example, include the information required by Sec. 1051.725 if you
participate in the ABT program.
(v) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or 40 CFR part 1068 related to requests for
exemptions.
(w) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.

[70 FR 40493, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59248, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 56510, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1051.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my

application?

If you send us information before you finish the application, we
will review it and make any appropriate determinations, especially for
questions related to engine family definitions, auxiliary emission-
control devices, deterioration factors, testing for service
accumulation, and maintenance. Decisions made under this section are
considered to be preliminary approval, subject to final review and
approval. We will generally not reverse a decision where we have given
you preliminary approval, unless we find new information supporting a
different decision. If you request preliminary approval related to the
upcoming model year or the model year after that, we will make best-
efforts to make the appropriate determinations as soon as practicable.
We will generally not provide preliminary approval related to a future
model year more than two years ahead of time.

[70 FR 40494, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1051.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?

[[Page 509]]

may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your customers 30
days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove your request.
This would generally include replacing one maintenance step with
another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.
(b) If your requested change would not decrease the specified
maintenance, you may distribute the new maintenance instructions anytime
after you send your request. For example, this paragraph (b) would cover
adding instructions to increase the frequency of a maintenance step for
engines in severe-duty applications.
(c) You need not request approval if you are making only minor
corrections (such as correcting typographical mistakes), clarifying your
maintenance instructions, or changing instructions for maintenance
unrelated to emission control. We may ask you to send us copies of
maintenance instructions revised under this paragraph (c).

[70 FR 40494, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59248, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23024, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1051.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new

or modified vehicle configurations or to change an FEL?

Before we issue you a certificate of conformity, you may amend your
application to include new or modified vehicle configurations, subject
to the provisions of this section. After we have issued your certificate
of conformity, you may send us an amended application requesting that we
include new or modified vehicle configurations within the scope of the
certificate, subject to the provisions of this section. You must amend
your application if any changes occur with respect to any information
included in your application.
(a) You must amend your application before you take any of the
following actions:
(1) Add a vehicle configuration to an engine family. In this case,
the vehicle configuration added must be consistent with other vehicle
configurations in the engine family with respect to the criteria listed
in Sec. 1051.230.
(2) Change a vehicle configuration already included in an engine
family in a way that may affect emissions, or change any of the
components you described in your application for certification. This
includes production and design changes that may affect emissions any
time during the engine's lifetime.
(3) Modify an FEL for an engine family, as described in paragraph
(f) of this section.
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the Designated
Compliance Officer the following information:
(1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the vehicle model
or configuration you intend to make.
(2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended
engine family complies with all applicable requirements. You may do this
by showing that the original emission-data vehicle is still appropriate
for showing that the amended family complies with all applicable
requirements.
(3) If the original emission-data vehicle for the engine family is
not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified vehicle
configuration, include new test data showing that the new or modified
vehicle configuration meets the requirements of this part.
(c) We may ask for more test data or engineering evaluations. You
must give us these within 30 days after we request them.
(d) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, we will determine whether the existing certificate of
conformity covers your new or modified vehicle configuration. You may
ask for a hearing if we deny your request (see Sec. 1051.820).
(e) For engine families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified vehicle
configuration anytime after you send us your amended application, before
we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, if we
determine that the affected vehicles do not meet applicable
requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the vehicles and
may require you to recall the vehicles at no expense to the owner.
Choosing

[[Page 510]]

to produce vehicles under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be consent to
recall all vehicles that we determine do not meet applicable emission
standards or other requirements and to remedy the nonconformity at no
expense to the owner. If you do not provide information required under
paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days after we request it, you
must stop producing the new or modified vehicle configuration.
(f) You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in certain cases
after the start of production. The changed FEL may not apply to vehicles
you have already introduced into commerce, except as described in this
paragraph (f). If we approve a changed FEL after the start of
production, you must include the new FEL on the emission control
information label for all vehicles produced after the change. You may
ask us to approve a change to your FEL in the following cases:
(1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your engine family at any
time. In your request, you must show that you will still be able to meet
the emission standards as specified in subparts B and H of this part. If
you amend your application by submitting new test data to include a
newly added or modified vehicle, as described in paragraph (b)(3) of
this section, use the appropriate FELs with corresponding production
volumes to calculate your average emission level for the model year, as
described in subpart H of this part. In all other circumstances, you
must use the higher FEL for the entire family to calculate your average
emission level under subpart H of this part.
(2) You may ask to lower the FEL for your engine family only if you
have test data from production engines showing that the engines have
emissions below the proposed lower FEL. The lower FEL applies only to
engines you produce after we approve the new FEL. Use the appropriate
FELs with corresponding production volumes to calculate your average
emission level for the model year, as described in subpart H of this
part.

[73 FR 59249, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.230 How do I select engine families?

(a) For purposes of certification, divide your product line into
families of vehicles as described in this section. Except as specified
in paragraph (f) of this section, you must have separate engine families
for meeting exhaust and evaporative emissions. Your engine family is
limited to a single model year.
(b) For exhaust emissions, group vehicles in the same engine family
if they are the same in all the following aspects:
(1) The combustion cycle.
(2) The cooling system (liquid-cooled vs. air-cooled).
(3) Configuration of the fuel system (for example, port fuel
injection vs. carburetion).
(4) Method of air aspiration.
(5) The number, location, volume, and composition of catalytic
converters.
(6) Type of fuel.
(7) The number, arrangement (such as in-line or vee configuration),
and approximate bore diameter of cylinders.
(8) Numerical level of the emission standards that apply to the
vehicle. For example, an engine family may not include vehicles
certified to different family emission limits, though you may change
family emission limits without recertifying as specified in Sec.
1051.225.
(c) For evaporative emissions, group vehicles in the same engine
family if fuel tanks are similar and fuel lines are similar considering
all the following aspects:
(1) Type of material (including additives such as pigments,
plasticizers, and UV inhibitors).
(2) Emission-control strategy.
(3) Production methods. This does not apply to differences in
production methods that would not affect emission characteristics.
(d) You may subdivide a group of vehicles that is identical under
paragraph (b) or (c) of this section into different engine families if
you show the expected emission characteristics are different during the
useful life.
(e) You may group vehicles that are not identical with respect to
the things

[[Page 511]]

listed in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section in the same engine
family, as follows:
(1) In unusual circumstances, you may group such vehicles in the
same engine family if you show that their emission characteristics
during the useful life will be similar.
(2) If you are a small-volume manufacturer, you may group engines
from any vehicles subject to the same emission standards into a single
engine family. This does not change any of the requirements of this part
for showing that an engine family meets emission standards.
(f) You may divide your product line into engine families based on a
combined consideration of exhaust and evaporative emission-control
systems, consistent with the requirements of this section. This would
allow you to use a single engine-family designation for each engine
family instead of having separate engine-family designations for exhaust
and evaporative emission-control systems for each model.
(g) Select test engines from the engine family as described in 40
CFR 1065.401. Select test components related to evaporative emission-
control systems that are most likely to exceed the applicable emission
standards. For example, select a fuel tank with the smallest average
wall thickness (or barrier thickness, as appropriate) of those tanks you
include in the same family.

[70 FR 40495, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59249, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23024, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1051.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a

certificate of conformity?

This section describes the emission testing you must perform to show
compliance with the emission standards in subpart B of this part.
(a) Test your emission-data vehicles using the procedures and
equipment specified in subpart F of this part. Where specifically
required or allowed, test the engine instead of the vehicle. For
evaporative emissions, test the fuel system components separate from the
vehicle.
(b) Select from each engine family an emission-data vehicle, and a
fuel system for each fuel type with a configuration that is most likely
to exceed the emission standards, using good engineering judgment.
Consider the emission levels of all exhaust constituents over the full
useful life of the vehicle.
(c) We may measure emissions from any of your test vehicles or
engines (or any other vehicles or engines from the engine family), as
follows:
(1) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. If we do this, you must deliver the test vehicle or engine to
a test facility we designate. The test vehicle or engine you provide
must include appropriate manifolds, aftertreatment devices, electronic
control units, and other emission-related components not normally
attached directly to the engine block. If we do the testing at your
plant, you must schedule it as soon as possible and make available the
instruments, personnel, and equipment we need.
(2) If we measure emissions on one of your test vehicles or engines,
the results of that testing become the official emission results. Unless
we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to consider your data
in determining if your engine family meets applicable requirements.
(3) Before we test one of your vehicles or engines, we may set its
adjustable parameters to any point within the physically adjustable
ranges (see Sec. 1051.115(c)).
(4) Before we test one of your vehicles or engines, we may calibrate
it within normal production tolerances for anything we do not consider
an adjustable parameter. For example, this would apply where we
determine that an engine parameter is not an adjustable parameter (as
defined in Sec. 1051.801) but that it is subject to production
variability.
(d) You may use previously generated emission data in the following
cases:
(1) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous model
year instead of doing new tests, but only if all the following are true:
(i) The engine family from the previous model year differs from the
current engine family only with respect to model year or other
characteristics unrelated to emissions. You may also ask

[[Page 512]]

to add a configuration subject to Sec. 1051.225.
(ii) The emission-data vehicle from the previous model year remains
the appropriate emission-data vehicle under paragraph (b) of this
section.
(iii) The data show that the emission-data vehicle would meet all
the requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the
application for certification.
(2) You may submit emission data for equivalent engine families
performed to show compliance with other standards (such as California
standards) instead of doing new tests, but only if the data show that
the test vehicle or engine would meet all of this part's requirements.
(3) You may submit evaporative emission data measured by a fuel
system supplier. We may require you to verify that the testing was
conducted in accordance with the applicable regulations.
(e) We may require you to test a second vehicle or engine of the
same or different configuration in addition to the vehicle or engine
tested under paragraph (b) of this section.
(f) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in subpart F of this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.
(g) If you are a small-volume manufacturer, you may certify by
design on the basis of preexisting exhaust emission data for similar
technologies and other relevant information, and in accordance with good
engineering judgment. In those cases, you are not required to test your
vehicles. This is called ``design-certification'' or ``certifying by
design.'' To certify by design, you must show that the technology used
on your engines is sufficiently similar to the previously tested
technology that a person reasonably familiar with emission-control
technology would believe that your engines will comply with the emission
standards.
(h) For fuel tanks that are certified based on permeability
treatments for plastic fuel tanks, you do not need to test each engine
family. However, you must use good engineering judgment to determine
permeation rates for the tanks. This requires that more than one fuel
tank be tested for each set of treatment conditions. You may not use
test data from a given tank for any other tanks that have thinner walls.
You may, however, use test data from a given tank for other tanks that
have thicker walls. This applies to both low-hour (i.e., baseline
testing) and durability testing. Note that Sec. 1051.245 allows you to
use design-based certification instead of generating new emission data.
(i) Measure CO2 and CH4 with each low-hour
certification test using the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065
starting in the 2011 and 2012 model years, respectively. Also measure
N2O with each low-hour certification test using the
analytical equipment and procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065
starting in the 2013 model year for any engine family that depends on
NOx aftertreatment to meet emission standards. Small-volume
manufacturers may omit measurement of N2O and CH4;
other manufacturers may provide appropriate data and/or information and
omit measurement of N2O and CH4 as described in 40
CFR 1065.5. Use the same units and modal calculations as for your other
results to report a single weighted value for each constituent. Round
the final values as follows:
(1) Round CO2 to the nearest 1 g/kW-hr or 1 g/km, as
appropriate.
(2) Round N2O to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr or 0.001 g/km,
as appropriate.
(3) Round CH4 to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr or 0.001 g/km,
as appropriate.

[70 FR 40495, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59249, Oct. 8, 2008; 74
FR 56510, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1051.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with

exhaust emission standards?

(a) For purposes of certification, your engine family is considered
in compliance with the applicable numerical exhaust emission standards
in subpart B of this part if all emission-data vehicles representing
that family have test results showing deteriorated emission levels at or
below these standards. This includes all test points over the course of
the durability demonstration. (Note:

[[Page 513]]

if you participate in the ABT program in subpart H of this part, your
FELs are considered to be the applicable emission standards with which
you must comply.)
(b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data
vehicle representing that family has test results showing a deteriorated
emission level for any pollutant that is above an applicable FEL or
emission standard. This includes all test points over the course of the
durability demonstration.
(c) To compare emission levels from the emission-data vehicle with
the applicable emission standards, apply deterioration factors to the
measured emission levels. Section 1051.243 specifies how to test your
vehicle to develop deterioration factors that represent the
deterioration expected in emissions over your vehicle's full useful
life. Your deterioration factors must take into account any available
data from in-use testing with similar engines. Small-volume
manufacturers may use assigned deterioration factors that we establish.
Apply deterioration factors as follows:
(1) For vehicles that use aftertreatment technology, such as
catalytic converters, use a multiplicative deterioration factor for
exhaust emissions. A multiplicative deterioration factor is the ratio of
exhaust emissions at the end of the useful life and exhaust emissions at
the low-hour test point. In these cases, adjust the official emission
results for each tested vehicle or engine at the selected test point by
multiplying the measured emissions by the deterioration factor. If the
factor is less than one, use one. Multiplicative deterioration factors
must be specified to three significant figures.
(2) For vehicles that do not use aftertreatment technology, use an
additive deterioration factor for exhaust emissions. An additive
deterioration factor for a pollutant is the difference between exhaust
emissions at the end of the useful life and exhaust emissions at the
low-hour test point. In these cases, adjust the official emission
results for each tested vehicle or engine at the selected test point by
adding the factor to the measured emissions. If the factor is less than
zero, use zero. Additive deterioration factors must be specified to one
more decimal place than the applicable standard.
(d) Collect emission data using measurements to one more decimal
place than the applicable standard. Apply the deterioration factor to
the official emission result, as described in paragraph (c) of this
section, then round the adjusted figure to the same number of decimal
places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded emission levels to
the emission standard for each emission-data vehicle. In the case of
HC+NOX standards, add the emission results and apply the
deterioration factor to the sum of the pollutants before rounding.
However, if your deterioration factors are based on emission
measurements that do not cover the vehicle's full useful life, apply the
deterioration factor to each pollutant and then add the results before
rounding.

[70 FR 40496, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59250, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.243 How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust

durability testing?

[[Page 514]]

test point and the end of the useful life. You may also test at evenly
spaced intermediate points.
(2) Operate the vehicle or engine over a representative duty cycle
for a period at least as long as the useful life (in hours or
kilometers). You may operate the vehicle or engine continuously.
(3) You may perform maintenance on emission-data vehicles as
described in Sec. 1051.125 and 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E.
(4) If you measure emissions at only two points to calculate your
deterioration factor, base your calculations on a linear relationship
connecting these two data points for each pollutant. If you measure
emissions at three or more points, use a linear least-squares fit of
your test data for each pollutant to calculate your deterioration
factor.
(5) Use good engineering judgment for all aspects of the effort to
establish deterioration factors under this paragraph (b).
(6) You may use other testing methods to determine deterioration
factors, consistent with good engineering judgment, as long as we
approve those methods in advance.
(c) Include the following information in your application for
certification:
(1) If you determine your deterioration factors based on test data
from a different engine family, explain why this is appropriate and
include all the emission measurements on which you base the
deterioration factor.
(2) If you do testing to determine deterioration factors, describe
the form and extent of service accumulation, including a rationale for
selecting the service-accumulation period and the method you use to
accumulate hours.

[70 FR 40496, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59250, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.245 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with

evaporative emission standards?

(a) For purposes of certification, your engine family is considered
in compliance with the evaporative emission standards in subpart B of
this part if you do either of the following:
(1) You have test results showing permeation emission levels from
the fuel tanks and fuel lines in the family are at or below the
standards in Sec. 1051.110 throughout the useful life.
(2) You comply with the design specifications in paragraph (e) of
this section.
(b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any fuel tank or
fuel line representing that family has test results showing a
deteriorated emission level above the standard.
(c) To compare emission levels with the emission standards, apply
deterioration factors to the measured emission levels. For permeation
emissions, use the following procedures to establish an additive
deterioration factor, as described in Sec. 1051.240(c)(2):
(1) Section 1051.515 specifies how to test your fuel tanks to
develop deterioration factors. Small-volume manufacturers may use
assigned deterioration factors that we establish. Apply the
deterioration factors as follows:
(i) Calculate the deterioration factor from emission tests performed
before and after the durability tests as described in Sec. 1051.515(c)
and (d), using good engineering judgment. The durability tests described
in Sec. 1051.515(d) represent the minimum requirements for determining
a deterioration factor. You may not use a deterioration factor that is
less than the difference between evaporative emissions before and after
the durability tests as described in Sec. 1051.515(c) and (d).
(ii) Do not apply the deterioration factor to test results for tanks
that have already undergone these durability tests.
(2) Determine the deterioration factor for fuel lines using good
engineering judgment.
(d) Collect emission data using measurements to one more decimal
place than the applicable standard. Apply the deterioration factor to
the official emission result, as described in paragraph (c) of this
section, then round the adjusted figure to the same number of decimal
places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded emission levels to
the emission standard for each emission-data vehicle.
(e) You may demonstrate for certification that your engine family
complies with the evaporative emission standards by demonstrating that
you use the following control technologies:

[[Page 515]]

(1) For certification to the standards specified in Sec.
1051.110(a) with the control technologies shown in the following table:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.245--Design-certification Technologies for
Controlling Tank Permeation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Then you may design-certify
If the tank permeability control with a tank emission level
technology is . . . of . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) A metal fuel tank with no non-metal 1.5 g/m\2\/day.
gaskets or with gaskets made from a low-
permeability material.
(ii) A metal fuel tank with non-metal 1.5 g/m\2\/day.
gaskets with an exposed surface area of
1000 mm\2\ or less.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) For certification to the standards specified in Sec.
1051.110(b) with the control technologies shown in the following table:

Table 2 of Sec. 1051.245--Design-certification Technologies for
Controlling Fuel-line Permeation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Then you may design-certify
If the fuel-line permeability control with a fuel line permeation
technology is . . . emission level of . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Hose meeting the specifications for 15 g/m\2\/day.
Low Emission Fuel Lines as described in
40 CFR 1048.105.
(ii) Hose meeting the R11-A or R12 15 g/m\2\/day.
permeation specifications in SAE J30 as
described in 40 CFR 1060.810.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 69 FR 2442, Jan. 15, 2004; 70
FR 40497, July 13, 2005; 73 FR 59250, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.250 What records must I keep and make available to EPA?

(a) Send the Designated Compliance Officer information related to
your U.S.-directed production volumes as described in Sec. 1051.345. In
addition, within 45 days after the end of the model year, you must send
us a report describing information about vehicles you produced during
the model year as follows:
(1) State the total production volume for each engine family that is
not subject to reporting under Sec. 1051.345.
(2) State the total production volume for any engine family for
which you produce vehicles after completing the reports required in
Sec. 1051.345.
(3) For production volumes you report under this paragraph (a),
identify whether or not the figures include California sales. Include a
separate count of production volumes for California sales if those
figures are available.
(b) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1051.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of each emission-data vehicle. For each
vehicle, describe all of the following:
(i) The emission-data vehicle's construction, including its origin
and buildup, steps you took to ensure that it represents production
vehicles, any components you built specially for it, and all the
components you include in your application for certification.
(ii) How you accumulated vehicle or engine operating hours,
including the dates and the number of hours accumulated.
(iii) All maintenance, including modifications, parts changes, and
other service, and the dates and reasons for the maintenance.
(iv) All your emission tests, including documentation on routine and
standard tests, as specified in 40 CFR part 1065, and the date and
purpose of each test.
(v) All tests to diagnose engine or emission-control performance,
giving the date and time of each and the reasons for the test.
(vi) Any other significant events.
(4) Production figures for each engine family divided by assembly
plant.
(5) Keep a list of engine identification numbers for all the engines
you produce under each certificate of conformity.
(c) Keep data from routine emission tests (such as test cell
temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one year after we issue
the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all other information
specified in this section for eight years after we issue your
certificate.
(d) Store these records in any format and on any media, as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them.

[[Page 516]]

You must keep these records readily available. We may review them at any
time.

[70 FR 40497, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59250, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of

conformity?

(a) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Act, we
will issue a certificate of conformity for your engine family for that
model year. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
(b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke
your certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (e) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent).
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities despite our
presenting a warrant or court order (see 40 CFR 1068.20). This includes
a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
(5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized
activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all engines being produced.
(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the Act
or this part.
(d) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information as required under this part or the
Act.
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1051.820).

[70 FR 40497, July 13, 2005, as amended at 75 FR 23024, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart D_Testing Production-Line Vehicles and Engines

Sec. 1051.301 When must I test my production-line vehicles or engines?

(a) If you produce vehicles that are subject to the requirements of
this part, you must test them as described in this subpart, except as
follows:
(1) Small-volume manufacturers may omit testing under this subpart.
(2) We may exempt engine families with a projected U.S.-directed
production volume below 150 units from routine testing under this
subpart. Request this exemption in your application for certification
and include your basis for projecting a production volume below 150
units. We will approve your request if we agree that you have made good-
faith estimates of your production volumes. Your exemption is approved
when we grant your certificate. You must promptly notify us if your
actual production exceeds 150 units during the model year. If you exceed
the production limit or if there is evidence of a nonconformity, we may
require you to test production-line engines under this subpart, or under
40 CFR part 1068, subpart E, even if we have approved an exemption under
this paragraph (a)(2).
(b) We may suspend or revoke your certificate of conformity for
certain engine families if your production-line vehicles or engines do
not meet the requirements of this part or you do not fulfill your
obligations under this subpart (see Sec. Sec. 1051.325 and 1051.340).
(c) Other regulatory provisions authorize us to suspend, revoke, or
void your certificate of conformity, or order recalls for engine
families, without regard to whether they have passed these production-
line testing requirements. The requirements of this subpart do not
affect our ability to do selective enforcement audits, as described in
part 1068 of this chapter. Individual vehicles and engines in families
that pass

[[Page 517]]

these production-line testing requirements must also conform to all
applicable regulations of this part and part 1068 of this chapter.
(d) You may use alternate programs for testing production-line
vehicles or engines in the following circumstances:
(1) You may use analyzers and sampling systems that meet the field-
testing requirements of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J, but not the
otherwise applicable requirements in 40 CFR part 1065 for laboratory
testing, to demonstrate compliance with emission standards if you double
the minimum sampling rate specified in Sec. 1054.310(b). Use measured
test results to determine whether vehicles or engines comply with
applicable standards without applying a measurement allowance. This
alternate program does not require prior approval but we may disallow
use of this option where we determine that use of field-grade equipment
would prevent you from being able to demonstrate that your vehicles or
engines are being produced to conform to the specifications in your
application for certification.
(2) You may ask to use another alternate program for testing
production-line vehicles or engines. In your request, you must show us
that the alternate program gives equal assurance that your products meet
the requirements of this part. We may waive some or all of this
subpart's requirements if we approve your alternate approach. For
example, in certain circumstances you may be able to give us equal
assurance that your products meet the requirements of this part by using
less rigorous measurement methods if you offset that by increasing the
number of test vehicles or engines.
(e) If you certify an engine family with carryover emission data, as
described in Sec. 1051.235(d), and these equivalent engine families
consistently pass the production-line testing requirements over the
preceding two-year period, you may ask for a reduced testing rate for
further production-line testing for that family. The minimum testing
rate is one vehicle or engine per engine family. If we reduce your
testing rate, we may limit our approval to any number of model years. In
determining whether to approve your request, we may consider the number
of vehicles or engines that have failed the emission tests.
(f) We may ask you to make a reasonable number of production-line
vehicles or engines available for a reasonable time so we can test or
inspect them for compliance with the requirements of this part.
(g) The requirements of this subpart do not apply to engine families
certified under the provisions of Sec. 1051.630.
(h) Vehicles certified to the following standards are exempt from
the production-line testing requirements of this subpart if no engine
families in the averaging set have family emission limits that are
different than the otherwise applicable standard:
(1) Phase I or Phase 2 standards in Sec. 1051.103
(2) Phase I standards in Sec. 1051.105
(3) Phase I standards in Sec. 1051.107.
(4) The standards in Sec. 1051.615.
(5) The standards in Sec. 1051.145.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40498, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59250, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line vehicles or

engines?

This section describes how to prepare and test production-line
vehicles or engines. Test the engine if your vehicle is certified to g/
kW-hr standards; otherwise test the vehicle. You must assemble the test
vehicle or engine in a way that represents the assembly procedures for
other vehicles or engines in the engine family. You must ask us to
approve any deviations from your normal assembly procedures for other
production vehicles or engines in the engine family.
(a) Test procedures. Test your production-line vehicles or engines
using the applicable testing procedures in subpart F of this part to
show you meet the emission standards in subpart B of this part.
(b) Modifying a test vehicle or engine. Once a vehicle or engine is
selected for testing (see Sec. 1051.310), you may adjust, repair,
prepare, or modify it or check its emissions only if one of the
following is true:
(1) You document the need for doing so in your procedures for
assembling

[[Page 518]]

and inspecting all your production vehicles or engines and make the
action routine for all the vehicles or engines in the engine family.
(2) This subpart otherwise specifically allows your action.
(3) We approve your action in advance.
(c) Malfunction. If a vehicle or engine malfunction prevents further
emission testing, ask us to approve your decision to either repair it or
delete it from the test sequence.
(d) Setting adjustable parameters. Before any test, we may require
you to adjust any adjustable parameter to any setting within its
physically adjustable range.
(1) We may require you to adjust idle speed outside the physically
adjustable range as needed, but only until the vehicle or engine has
stabilized emission levels (see paragraph (e) of this section). We may
ask you for information needed to establish an alternate minimum idle
speed.
(2) We may specify adjustments within the physically adjustable
range by considering their effect on emission levels. We may also
consider how likely it is that someone will make such an adjustment with
in-use vehicles.
(3) We may specify an air-fuel ratio within the adjustable range
specified in Sec. 1051.115(d).
(e) Stabilizing emission levels. Before you test production-line
vehicles or engines, you may operate the vehicle or engine to stabilize
the emission levels. Using good engineering judgment, operate your
vehicles or engines in a way that represents the way they will be used.
You may operate each vehicle or engine for no more than the greater of
two periods:
(1) 50 hours or 500 kilometers.
(2) The number of hours or kilometers you operated the emission-data
vehicle used for certifying the engine family (see 40 CFR part 1065,
subpart E, or the applicable regulations governing how you should
prepare your test vehicle or engine).
(f) Damage during shipment. If shipping a vehicle or engine to a
remote facility for production-line testing makes necessary an
adjustment or repair, you must wait until after the initial emission
test to do this work. We may waive this requirement if the test would be
impossible or unsafe, or if it would permanently damage the vehicle or
engine. Report to us, in your written report under Sec. 1051.345, all
adjustments or repairs you make on test vehicles or engines before each
test.
(g) Retesting after invalid tests. You may retest a vehicle or
engine if you determine an emission test is invalid under subpart F of
this part. Explain in your written report reasons for invalidating any
test and the emission results from all tests. If we determine that you
improperly invalidated a test, we may require you to ask for our
approval for future testing before substituting results of the new tests
for invalid ones.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40498, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59251, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.310 How must I select vehicles or engines for production-line

testing?

[[Page 519]]

the end of the assembly line for each engine family.
(1) In the first test period for newly certified engines, randomly
select and test one more engine. Then, calculate the required sample
size for the model year as described in paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) In later test periods of the same model year, combine the new
test result with all previous testing in the model year. Then, calculate
the required sample size for the model year as described in paragraph
(c) of this section.
(3) In the first test period for engine families relying on
previously submitted test data, combine the new test result with the
last test result from the previous model year. Then, calculate the
required sample size for the model year as described in paragraph (c) of
this section. Use the last test result from the previous model year only
for this first calculation. For all subsequent calculations, use only
results from the current model year.
(c) Calculate the required sample size for each engine family.
Separately calculate this figure for HC, NOX (or HC +
NOX), and CO. The required sample size is the greater of
these calculated values. Use the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.093

Where:

(1) Determine the 95% confidence coefficient, t95, from
the following table:

(2) Calculate the standard deviation, [sigma], for the test sample
using the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.094

Where:

Xi = Emission test result for an individual vehicle or
engine.
n = The number of tests completed in an engine family.

(d) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equations in paragraph (c) of this section (see Sec.
1051.315(a)).
(e) After each new test, recalculate the required sample size using
the updated mean values, standard deviations, and the appropriate 95-
percent confidence coefficient.
(f) Distribute the remaining tests evenly throughout the rest of the
year. You may need to adjust your schedule for selecting vehicles or
engines if the required sample size changes. If your

[[Page 520]]

scheduled quarterly testing for the remainder of the model year is
sufficient to meet the calculated sample size, you may wait until the
next quarter to do additional testing. Continue to randomly select
vehicles or engines from each engine family.
(g) Continue testing until one of the following things happens:
(1) After completing the minimum number of tests required in
paragraph (b) of this section, the number of tests completed in an
engine family, n, is greater than the required sample size, N, and the
sample mean, x, is less than or equal to the emission standard. For
example, if N = 5.1 after the fifth test, the sample-size calculation
does not allow you to stop testing.
(2) The engine family does not comply according to Sec. 1051.315.
(3) You test 30 vehicles or engines from the engine family.
(4) You test one percent of your projected annual U.S.-directed
production volume for the engine family, rounded to the nearest whole
number. Do not count a vehicle or engine under this paragraph (g)(4) if
it fails to meet an applicable emission standard.
(5) You choose to declare that the engine family does not comply
with the requirements of this subpart.
(h) If the sample-size calculation allows you to stop testing for
one pollutant but not another, you must continue measuring emission
levels of all pollutants for any additional tests required under this
section. However, you need not continue making the calculations
specified in this subpart for the pollutant for which testing is not
required. This paragraph (h) does not affect the number of tests
required under this section, the required calculations in Sec.
1051.315, or the remedial steps required under Sec. 1051.320.
(i) You may elect to test more randomly chosen vehicles or engines
than we require under this section. Include these vehicles or engines in
the sample-size calculations.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40498, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59251, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.315 How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line

testing requirements?

This section describes the pass-fail criteria for the production-
line testing requirements. We apply these criteria on an engine family
basis. SeeSec. 1051.320 for the requirements that apply to individual
vehicles or engines that fail a production-line test.
(a) Calculate your test results. Round them to the number of decimal
places in the emission standard expressed to one more decimal place.
(1) Initial and final test results. Calculate and round the test
results for each vehicle or engine. If you do several tests on a vehicle
or engine, calculate the initial results for each test, then add all the
test results together and divide by the number of tests. Round this
final calculated value for the final test results on that vehicle or
engine.
(2) Final deteriorated test results. Apply the deterioration factor
for the engine family to the final test results (see Sec. 1051.240(c)).
(3) Round deteriorated test results. Round the results to the number
of decimal places in the emission standard expressed to one more decimal
place.
(b) Construct the following CumSum Equation for each engine family
for HC, NOX (HC + NOX), and CO emissions:

Ci = Max [0 or Ci-1 + Xi-(STD + 0.25 x
[sigma])]

Where:

Ci = The current CumSum statistic.
Ci-1 = The previous CumSum statistic. For the first test, the
CumSum statistic is 0 (i.e., C1 = 0).
Xi = The current emission test result for an individual
vehicle or engine.
STD = Emission standard (or family emission limit, if applicable).

(c) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equation in paragraph (b) of this section (see Sec.
1051.315(a)).
(d) After each new test, recalculate the CumSum statistic.
(e) If you test more than the required number of vehicles or
engines, include the results from these additional tests in the CumSum
Equation.

[[Page 521]]

(f) After each test, compare the current CumSum statistic,
Ci, to the recalculated Action Limit, H, defined as H = 5.0 x
[sigma].
(g) If the CumSum statistic exceeds the Action Limit in two
consecutive tests, the engine family fails the production-line testing
requirements of this subpart. Tell us within ten working days if this
happens. You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the engine family as described in Sec. 1051.225(f).
(h) If you amend the application for certification for an engine
family under Sec. 1051.225, do not change any previous calculations of
sample size or CumSum statistics for the model year.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40499, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59252, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.320 What happens if one of my production-line vehicles or engines

fails to meet emission standards?

(a) If you have a production-line vehicle or engine with final
deteriorated test results exceeding one or more emission standards (see
Sec. 1051.315(a)), the certificate of conformity is automatically
suspended for that failing vehicle or engine. You must take the
following actions before your certificate of conformity can cover that
vehicle or engine:
(1) Correct the problem and retest the vehicle or engine to show it
complies with all emission standards.
(2) Include the test results and describe the remedy for each engine
in the written report required under Sec. 1051.345.
(b) You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the entire engine family at this point (see Sec.
1051.225).

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 73 FR 59252, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line

testing requirements?

(a) We may suspend your certificate of conformity for an engine
family if it fails under Sec. 1051.315. The suspension may apply to all
facilities producing vehicles or engines from an engine family, even if
you find noncompliant vehicles or engines only at one facility.
(b) We will tell you in writing if we suspend your certificate in
whole or in part. We will not suspend a certificate until at least 15
days after the engine family fails. The suspension is effective when you
receive our notice.
(c) Up to 15 days after we suspend the certificate for an engine
family, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1051.820). If we agree
before a hearing occurs that we used erroneous information in deciding
to suspend the certificate, we will reinstate the certificate.
(d) Section 1051.335 specifies steps you must take to remedy the
cause of the engine family's production-line failure. All the vehicles
you have produced since the end of the last test period are presumed
noncompliant and should be addressed in your proposed remedy. We may
require you to apply the remedy to engines produced earlier if we
determine that the cause of the failure is likely to have affected the
earlier engines.
(e) You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the engine family before or after we suspend your
certificate as described in Sec. 1051.225(f). We will approve your
request if it is clear that you used good engineering judgment in
establishing the original FEL.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40499, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59252, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.330 May I sell vehicles from an engine family with a suspended

certificate of conformity?

You may sell vehicles that you produce after we suspend the engine
family's certificate of conformity under Sec. 1051.315 only if one of
the following occurs:
(a) You test each vehicle or engine you produce and show it complies
with emission standards that apply.
(b) We conditionally reinstate the certificate for the engine
family. We may do so if you agree to recall all the affected vehicles
and remedy any noncompliance at no expense to the owner if later testing
shows that the engine family still does not comply.

[[Page 522]]

Sec. 1051.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?

Sec. 1051.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how

may I sell these vehicles again?

(a) We may revoke your certificate for an engine family in the
following cases:
(1) You do not meet the reporting requirements.
(2) Your engine family fails to comply with the requirements of this
subpart and your proposed remedy to address a suspended certificate
under Sec. 1051.325 is inadequate to solve the problem or requires you
to change the vehicle's design or emission-control system.
(b) To sell vehicles from an engine family with a revoked
certificate of conformity, you must modify the engine family and then
show it complies with the requirements of this part.
(1) If we determine your proposed design change may not control
emissions for the vehicle's full useful life, we will tell you within
five working days after receiving your report. In this case we will
decide whether production-line testing will be enough for us to evaluate
the change or whether you need to do more testing.
(2) Unless we require more testing, you may show compliance by
testing production-line vehicles or engines as described in this
subpart.
(3) We will issue a new or updated certificate of conformity when
you have met these requirements.

Sec. 1051.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

(a) Within 30 calendar days of the end of each test period, send us
a report with the following information:
(1) Describe any facility used to test production-line vehicles or
engines and state its location.
(2) State the total U.S.-directed production volume and number of
tests for each engine family.
(3) Describe how you randomly selected vehicles or engines.
(4) Describe each test vehicle or engine, including the engine
family's identification and the vehicle's model year, build date, model
number, identification number, and number of hours of operation before
testing.
(5) Identify how you accumulated hours of operation on the vehicles
or engines and describe the procedure and schedule you used.
(6) Provide the test number; the date, time and duration of testing;
test procedure; all initial test results; final test results; and final
deteriorated test results for all tests. Provide the emission results
for all measured pollutants. Include information for both valid and
invalid tests and the reason for any invalidation.
(7) Describe completely and justify any nonroutine adjustment,
modification, repair, preparation, maintenance, or test for the test
vehicle or engine if you did not report it separately under this
subpart. Include the results of any emission measurements, regardless of
the procedure or type of vehicle.
(8) Provide the CumSum analysis required in Sec. 1051.315 and the
sample-size calculation required in Sec. 1051.310 for each engine
family.
(9) Report on each failed vehicle or engine as described in Sec.
1051.320.
(10) State the date the test period ended for each engine family.
(b) We may ask you to add information to your written report, so we
can determine whether your new vehicles conform with the requirements of
this subpart. We may also ask you to send less information.
(c) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
following statement: We submit this report under Sections 208 and 213 of
the Clean Air Act. Our production-line testing conformed completely with
the requirements of 40 CFR part 1051. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for test engines (or vehicles)
in a way that

[[Page 523]]

might affect emission controls. All the information in this report is
true and accurate, to the best of my knowledge. I know of the penalties
for violating the Clean Air Act and the regulations. (Authorized Company
Representative)
(d) Send electronic reports of production-line testing to the
Designated Compliance Officer using an approved information format. If
you want to use a different format, send us a written request with
justification for a waiver.
(e) We will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public
who asks for them. See Sec. 1051.815 for information on how we treat
information you consider confidential.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40499, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59253, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.350 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this section.
We may review your records at any time.
(b) Keep paper or electronic records of your production-line testing
for eight years after you complete all the testing required for an
engine family in a model year.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1051.345.
(d) Keep the following additional records:
(1) A description of all test equipment for each test cell that you
can use to test production-line vehicles or engines.
(2) The names of supervisors involved in each test.
(3) The name of anyone who authorizes adjusting, repairing,
preparing, or modifying a test vehicle or engine and the names of all
supervisors who oversee this work.
(4) If you shipped the vehicle or engine for testing, the date you
shipped it, the associated storage or port facility, and the date the
vehicle or engine arrived at the testing facility.
(5) Any records related to your production-line tests that are not
in the written report.
(6) A brief description of any significant events during testing not
otherwise described in the written report or in this section.
(7) Any information specified in Sec. 1051.345 that you do not
include in your written reports.
(e) If we ask, you must give us projected or actual production
figures for an engine family. We may ask you to divide your production
figures by maximum engine power, displacement, fuel type, or assembly
plant (if you produce vehicles or engines at more than one plant).
(f) Keep records of the vehicle or engine identification number for
each vehicle or engine you produce under each certificate of conformity.
You may identify these numbers as a range. Give us these records within
30 days if we ask for them.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40499, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59253, Oct. 8, 2008]

Subpart E--Testing In-use Engines [Reserved]

Subpart F_Test Procedures

Sec. 1051.501 What procedures must I use to test my vehicles or engines?

This section describes test procedures that you use to determine
whether vehicles meet the emission standards of this part. See Sec.
1051.235 to determine when testing is required for certification. See
subpart D of this part for the production-line testing requirements.
(a) Snowmobiles. For snowmobiles, use the equipment and procedures
for spark-ignition engines in 40 CFR part 1065 to determine whether your
snowmobiles meet the duty-cycle emission standards in Sec. 1051.103.
Measure the emissions of all the pollutants we regulate in Sec.
1051.103. Measure CO2, N2O, and CH4 as
described in Sec. 1051.235. Use the duty cycle specified in Sec.
1051.505.
(b) Motorcycles and ATVs. For motorcycles and ATVs, use the
equipment, procedures, and duty cycle in 40 CFR part 86, subpart F, to
determine whether your vehicles meet the exhaust emission standards in
Sec. 1051.105 or Sec. 1051.107. Measure the emissions of all the
pollutants we regulate in Sec. 1051.105 or Sec. 1051.107. Measure
CO2, N2O, and CH4 as described in Sec.
1051.235. If we allow you to certify ATVs based on engine

[[Page 524]]

testing, use the equipment, procedures, and duty cycle described or
referenced in the section that allows engine testing. For motorcycles
with engine displacement at or below 169 cc and all ATVs, use the
driving schedule in paragraph (c) of appendix I to 40 CFR part 86. For
all other motorcycles, use the driving schedule in paragraph (b) of
Appendix I to part 86. With respect to vehicle-speed governors, test
motorcycles and ATVs in their ungoverned configuration, unless we
approve in advance testing in a governed configuration. We will only
approve testing in a governed configuration if you can show that the
governor is permanently installed on all production vehicles and is
unlikely to be removed in use. With respect to engine-speed governors,
test motorcycles and ATVs in their governed configuration. Run the test
engine, with all emission-control systems operating, long enough to
stabilize emission levels; you may consider emission levels stable
without measurement if you accumulate 12 hours of operation.
(c) Permeation testing. (1) Use the equipment and procedures
specified in Sec. 1051.515 to measure fuel tank permeation emissions.
(2) Prior to permeation testing of fuel hose, the hose must be
preconditioned by filling the hose with the fuel specified in paragraph
(d)(3) of this section, sealing the openings, and soaking the hose for 4
weeks at 23 5 [deg]C. To measure fuel-line
permeation emissions, use the equipment and procedures specified in SAE
J30 as described in 40 CFR 1060.810. The measurements must be performed
at 23 2 [deg]C using the fuel specified in
paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(d) Fuels. Use the fuels meeting the following specifications:
(1) Exhaust. Use the fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR part
1065, subpart H, for all the exhaust testing we require in this part.
For service accumulation, use the test fuel or any commercially
available fuel that is representative of the fuel that in-use engines
will use. The following provisions apply for using specific fuel types:
(i) For gasoline-fueled engines, use the grade of gasoline specified
for general testing.
(ii) For diesel-fueled engines, use either low-sulfur diesel fuel or
ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel meeting the specifications in 40 CFR
1065.703. If you use sulfur-sensitive technology as defined in 40 CFR
1039.801 and you measure emissions using ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel,
you must add a permanent label near the fuel inlet with the following
statement: ``ULTRA LOW SULFUR FUEL ONLY''.
(2) Fuel Tank Permeation. (i) For the preconditioning soak described
in Sec. 1051.515(a)(1) and fuel slosh durability test described in
Sec. 1051.515(d)(3), use the fuel specified in Table 1 of 40 CFR
1065.710 blended with 10 percent ethanol by volume. As an alternative,
you may use Fuel CE10, which is Fuel C as specified in ASTM D 471-98
(see 40 CFR 1060.810) blended with 10 percent ethanol by volume.
(ii) For the permeation measurement test in Sec. 1051.515(b), use
the fuel specified in Table 1 of 40 CFR 1065.710. As an alternative, you
may use the fuel specified in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section.
(3) Fuel Hose Permeation. Use the fuel specified in Table 1 of 40
CFR 1065.710 blended with 10 percent ethanol by volume for permeation
testing of fuel lines. As an alternative, you may use Fuel CE10, which
is Fuel C as specified in ASTM D 471-98 (see 40 CFR 1060.810) blended
with 10 percent ethanol by volume.
(e) Engine stabilization. Instead of the provisions of 40 CFR
1065.405, you may consider emission levels stable without measurement
after 12 hours of engine operation.
(f) [Reserved]
(g) Special procedures for engine testing. (1) You may use special
or alternate procedures, as described in Sec. 1065.10 of this chapter.
(2) We may reject data you generate using alternate procedures if
later testing with the procedures in part 1065 of this chapter shows
contradictory emission data.
(3) You may test engines using a test speed based on the point of
maximum power if that represents in-use operation better than testing
based on maximum test speed.
(h) Special procedures for vehicle testing. (1) You may use special
or alternate procedures, as described in paragraph (f)(3) of this
section.

[[Page 525]]

(2) We may reject data you generate using alternate procedures if
later testing with the otherwise specified procedures shows
contradictory emission data.
(3)(i) The test procedures specified for vehicle testing are
intended to produce emission measurements equivalent to those that would
result from measuring emissions during in-use operation using the same
vehicle configuration. If good engineering judgment indicates that use
of the procedures in this part for a vehicle would result in
measurements that are not representative of in-use operation of that
vehicle, you must notify us. If we determine that using these procedures
would result in measurements that are significantly unrepresentative and
that changes to the procedures will result in more representative
measurements that do not decrease the stringency of emission standards
or other requirements, we will specify changes to the procedures. In
your notification to us, you should recommend specific changes you think
are necessary.
(ii) You may ask to use emission data collected using other test
procedures, such as those of the California Air Resources Board or the
International Organization for Standardization. We will allow this only
if you show us that these data are equivalent to data collected using
our test procedures.
(iii) You may ask to use alternate procedures that produce
measurements equivalent to those obtained using the specified
procedures. In this case, send us a written request showing that your
alternate procedures are equivalent to the test procedures of this part.
If you prove to us that the procedures are equivalent, we will allow you
to use them. You may not use alternate procedures until we approve them.
(iv) You may ask to use special test procedures if your vehicle
cannot be tested using the specified test procedures (for example, it is
incapable of operating on the specified transient cycle). In this case,
send us a written request showing that you cannot satisfactorily test
your engines using the test procedures of this part. We will allow you
to use special test procedures if we determine that they would produce
emission measurements that are representative of those that would result
from measuring emissions during in-use operation. You may not use
special procedures until we approve them.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 69 FR 2442, Jan. 15, 2004; 70
FR 40499, July 13, 2005; 73 FR 59253, Oct. 8, 2008; 74 FR 56511, Oct.
30, 2009]

Sec. 1051.505 What special provisions apply for testing snowmobiles?

Use the following special provisions for testing snowmobiles:
(a) You may perform steady-state testing with either discrete-mode
or ramped-modal cycles. You must use the type of testing you select in
your application for certification for all testing you perform for that
engine family. If we test your engines to confirm that they meet
emission standards, we will do testing the same way. If you submit
certification test data collected with both discrete-mode and ramped-
modal testing (either in your original application or in an amendment to
your application), either method may be used for subsequent testing. We
may also perform other testing as allowed by the Clean Air Act. Measure
steady-state emissions as follows:
(1) For discrete-mode testing, sample emissions separately for each
mode, then calculate an average emission level for the whole cycle using
the weighting factors specified for each mode. In each mode, operate the
engine for at least 5 minutes, then sample emissions for at least 1
minute. Calculate cycle statistics and compare with the established
criteria as specified in 40 CFR 1065.514 to confirm that the test is
valid.
(2) For ramped-modal testing, start sampling at the beginning of the
first mode and continue sampling until the end of the last mode.
Calculate emissions and cycle statistics the same as for transient
testing as specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G.
(3) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
one or more of the following sets of duty cycles to determine whether it
meets the steady-state emission standards in Sec. 1051.103:
(i) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

[[Page 526]]

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.505--5-Mode Duty Cycle for Snowmobiles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum
Speed Torque time in Weighting
Mode No. (percent) (percent) mode factors
\1\ \2\ (minutes)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1........................................................... 100 100 3.0 0.12
2........................................................... 85 51 3.0 0.27
3........................................................... 75 33 3.0 0.25
4........................................................... 65 19 3.0 0.31
5........................................................... Idle 0 3.0 0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Percent speed is percent of maximum test speed.
\2\ Percent torque is percent of maximum torque at maximum test speed.

(ii) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

Table 2 of Sec. 1051.505--Ramped-modal Cycle for Testing Snowmobiles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in
RMC mode mode Speed (percent) \1\ Torque (percent) \2,\ \3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state.......................... 27 Warm Idle.................. 0
1b Transition............................ 20 Linear Transition.......... Linear Transition
2a Steady-state.......................... 121 100........................ 100
2b Transition............................ 20 Linear Transition.......... Linear Transition
3a Steady-state.......................... 347 65......................... 19
3b Transition............................ 20 Linear Transition.......... Linear Transition
4a Steady-state.......................... 305 85......................... 51
4b Transition............................ 20 Linear Transition.......... Linear Transition
5a Steady-state.......................... 272 75......................... 33
5b Transition............................ 20 Linear Transition.......... Linear Transition
6 Steady-state........................... 28 Warm Idle.................. 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Percent speed is percent of maximum test speed.
\2\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.
\3\ Percent torque is percent of maximum torque at maximum test speed.

(b) During idle mode, operate the engine at its warm idle speed as
described in 40 CFR 1065.510.
(c) For the full-load operating mode, operate the engine at wide-
open throttle.
(d) Ambient temperatures during testing must be between 20 [deg]C
and 30 [deg]C (68 [deg]F and 86 [deg]F), or other representative test
temperatures, as specified in paragraph (f) of this section.
(e) See 40 CFR part 1065 for detailed specifications of tolerances
and calculations.
(f) You may test snowmobiles at ambient temperatures below 20 [deg]C
or using intake air temperatures below 20 [deg]C if you show that such
testing complies with 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(1). You must get our approval
before you begin the emission testing. For example, the following
approach would be appropriate to show that such testing complies with 40
CFR 1065.10(c)(1):
(1) Using good engineering judgment, instrument a representative
snowmobile built with a representative engine from the family being
tested with an appropriate temperature measuring device located in the
intake air plenum where fuel spitback is not likely to occur.
(2) Choose a time and location with the following weather
conditions: windspeed less than 10 knots, no falling precipitation, air
temperature between -20 [deg]C and 0 [deg]C (-4 [deg]F and 32 [deg]F).
(3) Operate the snowmobile until its engine reaches a steady
operating temperature.
(4) Operate the snowmobile on a level surface free of other vehicle
traffic. Operate the snowmobile at each specified engine speed
corresponding to each mode in the emissions test specific to the engine
being tested. When readings are stable, record the temperature in the
intake air plenum and the ambient temperature. Calculate the temperature
difference between the air in the plenum and the ambient air for each
mode.

[[Page 527]]

(5) Calculate the nominal intake air test temperature for each test
mode as -10 [deg]C (14 [deg]F) plus the temperature difference for the
corresponding mode determined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section.
(6) Before the emissions test, select the appropriate carburetor
jetting for -10 [deg]C (14 [deg]F) conditions according to the jet
chart. For each mode, maintain the inlet air temperature within 5 [deg]C
(9 [deg]F) of the corresponding modal temperature calculated in
paragraph (f)(5) of this section.
(7) Adjust other operating parameters to be consistent with
operation at -10 [deg]C (14 [deg]F). For example, this may require that
you modify the engine cooling system used in the laboratory to make its
performance representative of cold-temperature operation.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40500, July 13, 2005;
73FR 59253, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.510 What special provisions apply for testing ATV engines?

[Reserved]

Sec. 1051.515 How do I test my fuel tank for permeation emissions?

Measure permeation emissions by weighing a sealed fuel tank before
and after a temperature-controlled soak.
(a) Preconditioning fuel soak. To precondition your fuel tank,
follow these five steps:
(1) Fill the tank with the fuel specified in Sec.
1051.501(d)(2)(i), seal it, and allow it to soak at 28 5 [deg]C for 20 weeks. Alternatively, the tank may be
soaked for a shorter period of time at a higher temperature if you can
show that the hydrocarbon permeation rate has stabilized.
(2) Determine the fuel tank's internal surface area in square-meters
accurate to at least three significant figures. You may use less
accurate estimates of the surface area if you make sure not to
overestimate the surface area.
(3) Fill the fuel tank with the test fuel specified in Sec.
1051.501(d)(2)(ii) to its nominal capacity. If you fill the tank inside
the temperature-controlled room or enclosure, do not spill any fuel.
(4) Allow the tank and its contents to equilibrate to 28 2 [deg]C.
(5) Seal the fuel tank using fuel caps and other fittings (excluding
petcocks) that can be used to seal openings in a production fuel tank.
In cases where openings are not normally sealed on the fuel tank (such
as hose-connection fittings and vents in fuel caps), these openings may
be sealed using nonpermeable fittings such as metal or fluoropolymer
plugs.
(b) Permeation test run. To run the test, take the following steps
for a tank that was preconditioned as specified in paragraph (a) of this
section:
(1) Weigh the sealed fuel tank and record the weight to the nearest
0.1 grams. You may use less precise weights as long as the difference in
mass from the start of the test to the end of the test has at least
three significant figures. Take this measurement within 8 hours of
filling the tank with test fuel as specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this
section.
(2) Carefully place the tank within a ventilated, temperature-
controlled room or enclosure. Do not spill or add any fuel.
(3) Close the room or enclosure and record the time.
(4) Ensure that the measured temperature in the room or enclosure is
28 2 [deg]C.
(5) Leave the tank in the room or enclosure for 14 days.
(6) Hold the temperature of the room or enclosure to 28 2 [deg]C; measure and record the temperature at least
daily.
(7) At the end of the soak period, weigh the sealed fuel tank and
record the weight to the nearest 0.1 grams. You may use less precise
weights as long as the difference in mass from the start of the test to
the end of the test has at least three significant figures. Unless the
same fuel is used in the preconditioning fuel soak and the permeation
test run, record weight measurements on five separate days per week of
testing. The test is void if a linear plot of tank weight vs. test days
for the full soak period for permeation testing specified in paragraph
(b)(5) of this section yields r\2\ below 0.8. See 40 CFR 1065.602 for
the equation to calculate r\2\.
(8) Subtract the weight of the tank at the end of the test from the
weight of the tank at the beginning of the test;

[[Page 528]]

divide the difference by the internal surface area of the fuel tank.
Divide this g/m\2\ value by the number of test days (using at least
three significant figures) to calculate the g/m\2\/day emission rate.
Example: If a tank with an internal surface area of 0.72 m\2\ weighed
31882.3 grams at the beginning of the test and weighed 31813.8 grams
after soaking for 14.03 days, then the g/m\2\/day emission rate would
be--

(31882.3 g-31813.8 g)/0.72 m\2\/14.03 days = 6.78 g/m\2\/day.
(9) Round your result to the same number of decimal places as the
emission standard.
(10) In cases where consideration of permeation rates, using good
engineering judgment, leads you to conclude that soaking for 14 days is
not long enough to measure weight change to at least three significant
figures, you may soak for 14 days longer. In this case, repeat the steps
in paragraphs (b)(8) and (9) of this section to determine the weight
change for the full 28 days.
(c) Determination of final test result. To determine the final test
result, apply a deterioration factor to the measured emission level. The
deterioration factor is the difference between permeation emissions
measured before and after the durability testing described in paragraph
(d) of this section. Adjust the baseline test results for each tested
fuel tank by adding the deterioration factor to the measured emissions.
The deterioration factor determination must be based on good engineering
judgement. Therefore, during the durability testing, the test tank may
not exceed the fuel tank permeation standard described in Sec. 1051.110
(this is known as ``line-crossing''). If the deterioration factor is
less than zero, use zero.
(d) Durability testing. You normally need to perform a separate
durability demonstration for each substantially different combination of
treatment approaches and tank materials. Perform these demonstrations
before an emission test by taking the following steps, unless you can
use good engineering judgment to apply the results of previous
durability testing with a different fuel system. You may ask to exclude
any of the following durability tests if you can clearly demonstrate
that it does not affect the emissions from your fuel tank.
(1) Pressure cycling. Perform a pressure test by sealing the tank
and cycling it between +2.0 psig and -0.5 psig and back to +2.0 psig for
10,000 cycles at a rate 60 seconds per cycle.
(2) UV exposure. Perform a sunlight-exposure test by exposing the
tank to an ultraviolet light of at least 24 W/m\2\ (0.40 W-hr/m\2\/min)
on the tank surface for at least 450 hours. Alternatively, the fuel tank
may be exposed to direct natural sunlight for an equivalent period of
time, as long as you ensure that the tank is exposed to at least 450
daylight hours.
(3) Slosh testing. Perform a slosh test by filling the tank to 40
percent of its capacity with the fuel specified in Sec.
1051.501(d)(2)(i) and rocking it at a rate of 15 cycles per minute until
you reach one million total cycles. Use an angle deviation of +15[deg]
to -15[deg] from level. This test must be performed at a temperature of
28 [deg]C 5 [deg]C.
(4) Final test result. Following the durability testing, the fuel
tank must be soaked (as described in paragraph (a) of this section) to
ensure that the permeation rate is stable. The period of slosh testing
and the period of ultraviolet testing (if performed with fuel in the
tank consistent with paragraph (a)(1) of this section) may be considered
to be part of this soak, provided that the soak begins immediately after
the slosh testing. To determine the final permeation rate, drain and
refill the tank with fresh fuel, and repeat the permeation test run (as
described in paragraph (b) of this section) immediately after this soak
period. The same test fuel must be used for this permeation test run as
for the permeation test run performed prior to the durability testing.
(e) Flow chart. The following figure presents a flow chart for the
permeation testing described in this section, showing the full test
procedure with durability testing, as well as the simplified test
procedure with an applied deterioration factor:

[[Page 529]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15JA04.002

[[Page 530]]

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 69 FR 2442, Jan. 15, 2004; 70
FR 40501, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1051.520 How do I perform exhaust durability testing?

Sections 1051.240 and 1051.243 describe the method for testing that
must be performed to establish deterioration factors for an engine
family.

[70 FR 40501, July 13, 2005]

Subpart G_Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1051.601 What compliance provisions apply to vehicles and engines

subject to this part?

Engine and vehicle manufacturers, as well as owners, operators, and
rebuilders of these vehicles, and all other persons, must observe the
requirements and prohibitions in part 1068 of this chapter and the
requirements of the Act. The compliance provisions in this subpart apply
only to the vehicles and engines we regulate in this part.

Sec. 1051.605 What provisions apply to engines already certified under the

motor vehicle program or the Large Spark-ignition program?

(a) General provisions. If you are an engine manufacturer, this
section allows you to introduce into commerce new recreational vehicles,
and engines for recreational vehicles, if the engines are already
certified to the requirements that apply to spark-ignition engines under
40 CFR parts 85 and 86 or 40 CFR part 1048 for the appropriate model
year. If you comply with all the provisions of this section, we consider
the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048 for each engine to
also be a valid certificate of conformity under this part 1051 for its
model year, without a separate application for certification under the
requirements of this part 1051. See Sec. 1051.610 for similar
provisions that apply to vehicles that are already certified to the
vehicle-based standards for motor vehicles.
(b) Vehicle-manufacturer provisions. If you are not an engine
manufacturer, you may install an engine certified for the appropriate
model year under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048 in a recreational vehicle as
long as you meet all the requirements and conditions specified in
paragraph (d) of this section. If you modify the non-recreational engine
in any of the ways described in paragraph (d)(2) of this section for
installation in a recreational vehicle, we will consider you a
manufacturer of recreational vehicles. Such engine modifications prevent
you from using the provisions of this section.
(c) Liability. Engines for which you meet the requirements of this
section are exempt from all the requirements and prohibitions of this
part, except for those specified in this section. Engines exempted under
this section must meet all the applicable requirements from 40 CFR parts
85 and 86 or 40 CFR part 1048. This paragraph (c) applies to engine
manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers who use such an engine, and all
other persons as if the engine were used in its originally intended
application. The prohibited acts of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) apply to these
new engines and vehicles; however, we consider the certificate issued
under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048 for each engine to also be a valid
certificate of conformity under this part 1051 for its model year. If we
make a determination that these engines do not conform to the
regulations during their useful life, we may require you to recall them
under this part 1051 or under 40 CFR part 85 or 1068.505.
(d) Specific requirements. If you are an engine or vehicle
manufacturer and meet all the following criteria and requirements
regarding your new engine or vehicle, the vehicle using the engine is
eligible for an exemption under this section:
(1) Your engine must be covered by a valid certificate of conformity
issued under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048.
(2) You must not make any changes to the certified engine that could
reasonably be expected to increase its exhaust emissions for any
pollutant, or its evaporative emissions. For example, if you make any of
the following changes to one of these engines, you do not qualify for
this exemption:
(i) Change any fuel system or evaporative system parameters from the
certified configuration (this does not apply to refueling controls).

[[Page 531]]

(ii) Change, remove, or fail to properly install any other
component, element of design, or calibration specified in the engine
manufacturer's application for certification. This includes
aftertreatment devices and all related components.
(iii) Modify or design the engine cooling system so that
temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the original engine
manufacturer's specified ranges.
(3) You must show that fewer than 50 percent of the engine family's
total sales in the United States are used in recreational vehicles. This
includes engines used in any application, without regard to which
company manufactures the vehicle or equipment. Show this as follows:
(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the engine, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must get the original manufacturer of
the engine to confirm this based on its sales information.
(4) You must ensure that the engine has the emission control
information label we require under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048.
(5) You must add a permanent supplemental label to the engine in a
position where it will remain clearly visible after installation in the
vehicle. In the supplemental label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``RECREATIONAL VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION''.
(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may instead
include the full corporate name and trademark of another company you
choose to designate.
(iii) State: ``THIS ENGINE WAS ADAPTED FOR A RECREATIONAL USE
WITHOUT AFFECTING ITS EMISSION CONTROLS.''.
(iv) State the date you finished installation (month and year), if
applicable.
(6) The original and supplemental labels must be readily visible
after the engine is installed in the vehicle or, if the vehicle obscures
the engine's emission control information label, the make sure the
vehicle manufacturer attaches duplicate labels, as described in 40 CFR
1068.105.
(7) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a signed letter by the
end of each calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the
following information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the engine or vehicle models you expect to produce under
this exemption in the coming year and describe your basis for meeting
the sales restrictions of paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(iii) State: ``We produce each listed [engine or vehicle] model for
recreational application without making any changes that could increase
its certified emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1051.605.''.
(e) Failure to comply. If your engines do not meet the criteria
listed in paragraph (d) of this section, they will be subject to the
standards, requirements, and prohibitions of this part 1051 and the
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 or 1048 will not be deemed to
also be a certificate issued under this part 1051. Introducing these
engines into commerce without a valid exemption or certificate of
conformity under this part violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1).
(f) Data submission. We may require you to send us emission test
data on any applicable nonroad duty cycles.
(g) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Engines or
vehicles adapted for recreational use under this section may not
generate or use emission credits under this part 1051. These engines or
vehicles may generate credits under the ABT provisions in 40 CFR part
86. These engines or vehicles must use emission credits under 40 CFR
part 86 if they are certified to an FEL that exceeds an applicable
standard.

[70 FR 40501, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59254, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.610 What provisions apply to vehicles already certified under the

motor vehicle program?

(a) General provisions. If you are a motor-vehicle manufacturer,
this section allows you to introduce new recreational vehicles into
commerce if the vehicle is already certified to the requirements that
apply under 40 CFR parts 85 and 86. If you comply with all

[[Page 532]]

of the provisions of this section, we consider the certificate issued
under 40 CFR part 86 for each motor vehicle to also be a valid
certificate of conformity for the engine under this part 1051 for its
model year, without a separate application for certification under the
requirements of this part 1051. This section applies especially for
highway motorcycles that are modified for recreational nonroad use. See
Sec. 1051.605 for similar provisions that apply to motor-vehicle
engines or Large SI engines produced for recreational vehicles.
(b) Nonroad vehicle-manufacturer provisions. If you are not a motor-
vehicle manufacturer, you may produce recreational vehicles from motor
vehicles under this section as long as you meet all the requirements and
conditions specified in paragraph (d) of this section. If you modify the
motor vehicle or its engine in any of the ways described in paragraph
(d)(2) of this section, we will consider you a manufacturer of a new
recreational vehicle. Such modifications prevent you from using the
provisions of this section.
(c) Liability. Engines and vehicles for which you meet the
requirements of this section are exempt from all the requirements and
prohibitions of this part, except for those specified in this section.
Engines exempted under this section must meet all the applicable
requirements from 40 CFR parts 85 and 86. This applies to engine
manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers, and all other persons as if the
recreational vehicles were motor vehicles. The prohibited acts of 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1) apply to these new recreational vehicles; however, we
consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 for each motor
vehicle to also be a valid certificate of conformity for the
recreational vehicle under this part 1051 for its model year. If we make
a determination that these engines or vehicles do not conform to the
regulations during their useful life, we may require you to recall them
under 40 CFR part 86 or 40 CFR 1068.505.
(d) Specific requirements. If you are a motor-vehicle manufacturer
and meet all the following criteria and requirements regarding your new
recreational vehicle and its engine, the vehicle is eligible for an
exemption under this section:
(1) Your vehicle must be covered by a valid certificate of
conformity as a motor vehicle issued under 40 CFR part 86.
(2) You must not make any changes to the certified vehicle that we
could reasonably expect to increase its exhaust emissions for any
pollutant, or its evaporative emissions if it is subject to evaporative-
emission standards. For example, if you make any of the following
changes, you do not qualify for this exemption:
(i) Change any fuel system parameters from the certified
configuration.
(ii) Change, remove, or fail to properly install any other
component, element of design, or calibration specified in the vehicle
manufacturer's application for certification. This includes
aftertreatment devices and all related components.
(iii) Modify or design the engine cooling system so that
temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the original vehicle
manufacturer's specified ranges.
(iv) Add more than 500 pounds to the curb weight of the originally
certified motor vehicle.
(3) You must show that fewer than 50 percent of the engine family's
total sales in the United States are used in recreational vehicles. This
includes any type of vehicle, without regard to which company completes
the manufacturing of the recreational vehicle. Show this as follows:
(i) If you are the original manufacturer of the vehicle, base this
showing on your sales information.
(ii) In all other cases, you must get the original manufacturer of
the vehicle to confirm this based on their sales information.
(4) The vehicle must have the vehicle emission control information
we require under 40 CFR part 86.
(5) You must add a permanent supplemental label to the vehicle in a
position where it will remain clearly visible. In the supplemental
label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``RECREATIONAL VEHICLE ENGINE EMISSION
CONTROL INFORMATION''.

[[Page 533]]

(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may instead
include the full corporate name and trademark of another company you
choose to designate.
(iii) State: ``THIS VEHICLE WAS ADAPTED FOR RECREATIONAL USE WITHOUT
AFFECTING ITS EMISSION CONTROLS.''.
(iv) State the date you finished modifying the vehicle (month and
year), if applicable.
(6) The original and supplemental labels must be readily visible in
the fully assembled vehicle.
(7) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a signed letter by the
end of each calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the
following information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the vehicle models you expect to produce under this
exemption in the coming year and describe your basis for meeting the
sales restrictions of paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(iii) State: ``We produced each listed engine or vehicle model for
recreational application without making any changes that could increase
its certified emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1051.610.''.
(e) Failure to comply. If your engines or vehicles do not meet the
criteria listed in paragraph (d) of this section, the engines will be
subject to the standards, requirements, and prohibitions of this part
1051, and the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86 will not be deemed
to also be a certificate issued under this part 1051. Introducing these
engines into commerce without a valid exemption or certificate of
conformity under this part violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1).
(f) Data submission. We may require you to send us emission test
data on any applicable nonroad duty cycles.
(g) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Vehicles
adapted for recreational use under this section may not generate or use
emission credits under this part 1051. These vehicles may generate
credits under the ABT provisions in 40 CFR part 86. These vehicles must
use emission credits under 40 CFR part 86 if they are certified to an
FEL that exceeds an emission standard that applies.

[70 FR 40502, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59254, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.615 What are the special provisions for certifying small

recreational engines?

(a) You may certify ATVs with engines that have total displacement
of less than 100 cc to the following exhaust emission standards instead
of certifying them to the exhaust emission standards of subpart B of
this part:
(1) 25.0 g/kW-hr HC+NOX, with an FEL cap of 40.0 g/kW-hr
HC+NOX.
(2) 500 g/kW-hr CO.
(b) You may certify off-highway motorcycles with engines that have
total displacement of 70 cc or less to the following exhaust emission
standards instead of certifying them to the exhaust emission standards
of subpart B of this part:
(1) 16.1 g/kW-hr HC+NOX, with an FEL cap of 32.2 g/kW-hr
HC+NOX.
(2) 519 g/kW-hr CO.
(c) You may use the averaging, banking, and trading provisions of
subpart H of this part to show compliance with this HC+NOX
standards (an engine family meets emission standards even if its family
emission limit is higher than the standard, as long as you show that the
whole averaging set of applicable engine families meet the applicable
emission standards using emission credits, and the vehicles within the
family meet the family emission limit). You may not use averaging to
meet the CO standards of this section.
(d) Measure steady-state emissions by testing the engine on an
engine dynamometer using the equipment and procedures of 40 CFR part
1065 with either discrete-mode or ramped-modal cycles. You must use the
type of testing you select in your application for certification for all
testing you perform for that engine family. If we test your engines to
confirm that they meet emission standards, we will do testing the same
way. If you submit certification test data collected with both discrete-
mode and ramped-modal testing (either in your original application or in
an amendment to your application), either method may be used for

[[Page 534]]

subsequent testing. We may also perform other testing as allowed by the
Clean Air Act. Measure steady-state emissions as follows:
(1) For discrete-mode testing, sample emissions separately for each
mode, then calculate an average emission level for the whole cycle using
the weighting factors specified for each mode. In each mode, operate the
engine for at least 5 minutes, then sample emissions for at least 1
minute. Calculate cycle statistics for the sequence of modes and compare
with the specified values in 40 CFR 1065.514 to confirm that the test is
valid.
(2) For ramped-modal testing, start sampling at the beginning of the
first mode and continue sampling until the end of the last mode.
Calculate emissions and cycle statistics the same as for transient
testing.
(3) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
one or more of the following sets of duty cycles to determine whether it
meets applicable emission standards:
(i) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.615--6-Mode Duty Cycle for Recreational Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine Minimum
speed Torque time in Weighting
Mode No. (percent) (percent) mode factors
\1\ \2\ (minutes)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1........................................................... 85 100 5.0 0.09
2........................................................... 85 75 5.0 0.20
3........................................................... 85 50 5.0 0.29
4........................................................... 85 25 5.0 0.30
5........................................................... 85 10 5.0 0.07
6........................................................... Idle 0 5.0 0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Percent speed is percent of maximum test speed.
\2\ Percent torque is percent of maximum torque at the commanded test speed.

(ii) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

Table 2 of Sec. 1051.615--Ramped-modal Cycle for Testing Recreational Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMC mode Time Speed (percent) \1,\ \2\ Torque (percent) \2,\ \3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state.......................... 41 Warm Idle.................. 0.
1b Transition............................ 20 Linear Transition.......... Linear Transition.
2a Steady-state.......................... 135 85......................... 100.
2b Transition............................ 20 85......................... Linear Transition.
3a Steady-state.......................... 112 85......................... 10.
3b Transition............................ 20 85......................... Linear Transition.
4a Steady-state.......................... 337 85......................... 75.
4b Transition............................ 20 85......................... Linear Transition.
5a Steady-state.......................... 518 85......................... 25.
5b Transition............................ 20 85......................... Linear Transition.
6a Steady-state.......................... 494 85......................... 50.
6b Transition............................ 20 Linear Transition.......... Linear Transition.
7 Steady-state........................... 43 Warm Idle.................. 0.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Percent speed is percent of maximum test speed.
\2\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.
\3\ Percent torque is percent of maximum torque at the commanded test speed.

(4) During idle mode, operate the engine at its warm idle speed as
described in 40 CFR 1065.510.
(5) For the full-load operating mode, operate the engine at wide-
open throttle.
(6) See 40 CFR part 1065 for detailed specifications of tolerances
and calculations.

[[Page 535]]

(e) All other requirements and prohibitions of this part apply to
these engines and vehicles.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40503, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59254, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.620 When may a manufacturer obtain an exemption for competition

recreational vehicles?

(a) We may grant you an exemption from the standards and
requirements of this part for a new recreational vehicle on the grounds
that it is to be used solely for competition. The provisions of this
part other than those in this section do not apply to recreational
vehicles that we exempt for use solely for competition.
(b) We will exempt vehicles that we determine will be used solely
for competition. The basis of our determinations are described in
paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (c) of this section. Exemptions granted
under this section are good for only one model year and you must request
renewal for each subsequent model year. We will not approve your renewal
request if we determine the vehicles will not be used solely for
competition.
(1) Off-highway motorcycles. Motorcycles that are marketed and
labeled as only for competitive use and that meet at least four of the
criteria listed in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section are
considered to be used solely for competition, except in cases where
other information is available that indicates that they are not used
solely for competition. The following features are indicative of
motorcycles used solely for competition:
(i) The absence of a headlight or other lights.
(ii) The absence of a spark arrestor.
(iii) The absence of manufacturer warranty.
(iv) Suspension travel greater than 10 inches.
(v) Engine displacement greater than 50 cc.
(vi) The absence of a functional seat. (For example, a seat with
less than 30 square inches of seating surface would generally not be
considered a functional seat).
(2) Snowmobiles and ATVs. Snowmobiles and ATVs meeting all of the
following criteria are considered to be used solely for competition,
except in cases where other information is available that indicates that
they are not used solely for competition:
(i) The vehicle or engine may not be displayed for sale in any
public dealership.
(ii) Sale of the vehicle must be limited to professional racers or
other qualified racers.
(iii) The vehicle must have performance characteristics that are
substantially superior to noncompetitive models.
(c) Vehicles not meeting the applicable criteria listed in paragraph
(b) of this section will be exempted only in cases where the
manufacturer has clear and convincing evidence that the vehicles will be
used solely for competition.
(d) You must permanently label vehicles exempted under this section
to clearly indicate that they are to be used only for competition.
Failure to properly label a vehicle will void the exemption for that
vehicle.
(e) If we request it, you must provide us any information we need to
determine whether the vehicles are used solely for competition.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40504, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1051.625 What special provisions apply to unique snowmobile designs for

small-volume manufacturers?

(a) If you are a small-volume manufacturer, we may permit you to
produce up to 600 snowmobiles per year that are certified to less
stringent emission standards than those in Sec. 1051.103, as long as
you meet all the conditions and requirements in this section.
(b) To apply for alternate standards under this section, send the
Designated Officer a written request. In your request, do two things:
(1) Show that the snowmobile has unique design, calibration, or
operating characteristics that make it atypical and infeasible or highly
impractical to meet the emission standards in Sec. 1051.103,
considering technology, cost, and other factors.

[[Page 536]]

(2) Identify the level of compliance you can achieve, including a
description of available emission-control technologies and any
constraints that may prevent more effective use of these technologies.
(c) You must give us other relevant information if we ask for it.
(d) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
request and include the statement: ``All the information in this request
is true and accurate, to the best of my knowledge.''.
(e) Send your request for this extension at least nine months before
the relevant deadline. If different deadlines apply to companies that
are not small-volume manufacturers, do not send your request before the
regulations in question apply to the other manufacturers.
(f) If we approve your request, we will set alternate standards for
your qualifying snowmobiles. These standards will not be above 400 g/kW-
hr for CO or 150 g/kW-hr for HC.
(g) You may produce these snowmobiles to meet the alternate
standards we establish under this section as long as you continue to
produce them at the same or lower emission levels.
(h) You may not include snowmobiles you produce under this section
in any averaging, banking, or trading calculations under Subpart H of
this part.
(i) You must meet all the requirements of this part, except as noted
in this section.

Sec. 1051.630 What special provisions apply to unique snowmobile designs for

all manufacturers?

(a) We may permit you to produce up to 600 snowmobiles per year that
are certified to the FELs listed in this section without new test data,
as long as you meet all the conditions and requirements in this section.
(b) You may certify these snowmobiles with FELs of 560 g/kW-hr for
CO and 270 g/kW-hr for HC (using the normal certification procedures).
(c) The emission levels described in this section are intended to
represent worst-case emission levels. You may not certify snowmobiles
under this section if good engineering judgment indicates that they have
emission rates higher than these levels.
(d) Include snowmobiles you produce under this section in your
averaging calculations under Subpart H of this part.
(e) You must meet all the requirements of this part, unless the
regulations of this part specify otherwise.

Sec. 1051.635 What provisions apply to new manufacturers that are small

businesses?

(a) If you are a small business (as defined by the Small Business
Administration at 13 CFR 121.201) that manufactures recreational
vehicles, but does not otherwise qualify for the small-volume
manufacturer provisions of this part, you may ask us to designate you to
be a small-volume manufacturer. You may do this whether you began
manufacturing recreational vehicles before, during, or after 2002.
(b) We may set other reasonable conditions that are consistent with
the intent of this section and the Act. For example, we may place sales
limits on companies that we designate to be small-volume manufacturers
under this section.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 73 FR 59255, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.640 What special provisions apply for custom off-highway

motorcycles that are similar to highway motorcycles?

You may ask to exempt custom-designed off-highway motorcycles that
are substantially similar to highway motorcycles under the display
exemption provisions of 40 CFR 86.407-78(c). Motorcycles exempt under
this provision are subject to the restrictions of 40 CFR 86.407-78(c)
and are considered to be motor vehicles for the purposes of this part
1051.

[69 FR 2445, Jan. 15, 2004]

Sec. 1051.645 What special provisions apply to branded engines?

The following provisions apply if you identify the name and
trademark of another company instead of your own on your emission
control information label, as provided by Sec. 1051.135(c)(2):
(a) You must have a contractual agreement with the other company

[[Page 537]]

that obligates that company to take the following steps:
(1) Meet the emission warranty requirements that apply under Sec.
1051.120. This may involve a separate agreement involving reimbursement
of warranty-related expenses.
(2) Report all warranty-related information to the certificate
holder.
(b) In your application for certification, identify the company
whose trademark you will use.
(c) You remain responsible for meeting all the requirements of this
chapter, including warranty and defect-reporting provisions.

[70 FR 40504, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59255, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.650 What special provisions apply for converting a vehicle to use

an alternate fuel?

A certificate of conformity is no longer valid for a vehicle if the
vehicle is modified such that it is not in a configuration covered by
the certificate. This section applies if such modifications are done to
convert the vehicle to run on a different fuel type. Such vehicles may
be recertified as specified in this section if the original certificate
is no longer valid for that vehicle.
(a) Converting a certified new vehicle to run on a different fuel
type violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) if the modified vehicle is not
covered by a certificate of conformity.
(b) Converting a certified vehicle that is not new to run on a
different fuel type violates 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1) if the modified
vehicle is not covered by a certificate of conformity. We may specify
alternate certification provisions consistent with the requirements of
this part. For example, you may certify the modified vehicle for a
partial useful life. For example, if the vehicle is modified halfway
through its original useful life period, you may generally certify the
vehicle based on completing the original useful life period; or if the
vehicle is modified after the original useful life period is past, you
may generally certify the vehicle based on testing that does not involve
further durability demonstration.
(c) Vehicles (or engines) may be certified using the certification
procedures for new vehicles (or engines) as specified in this part or
using the certification procedures for aftermarket parts as specified in
40 CFR part 85, subpart V. Unless the original vehicle manufacturer
continues to be responsible for the vehicle as specified in paragraph
(d) of this section, you must remove the original manufacturer's
emission control information label if you recertify the vehicle.
(d) The original vehicle manufacturer is not responsible for
operation of modified vehicles in configurations resulting from
modifications performed by others. In cases where the modification
allows a vehicle to be operated in either its original configuration or
a modified configuration, the original vehicle manufacturer remains
responsible for operation of the modified vehicle in its original
configuration.
(e) Entities producing conversion kits may obtain certificates of
conformity for the converted vehicles. Such entities are vehicle
manufacturers for purposes of this part.

[73 FR 59255, Oct. 8, 2008]

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

Sec. 1051.701 General provisions.

(a) You may average, bank, and trade emission credits for purposes
of certification as described in this subpart to show compliance with
the standards of this part. To do this you must certify your engines to
Family Emission Limits (FELs) and show that your average emission levels
for all your engine families together are below the emission standards
in subpart B of this part, or that you have sufficient credits to offset
a credit deficit for the model year (as calculated in Sec. 1051.720).
(b) The following averaging set restrictions apply:
(1) You may not average together engine families that are certified
to different standards. You may, however, use banked credits that were
generated relative to different standards, except as prohibited by
paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section, paragraph (e) of this
section, or by other provisions in this part. For example, you may not
average together within a model year off-highway motorcycles that are
certified

[[Page 538]]

to the standards in Sec. 1051.105(a)(1) and Sec. 1051.105(a)(2); but
you may use banked credits generated by off-highway motorcycles that are
certified to the standards in Sec. 1051.105(a)(1) to show compliance
with the standards in Sec. 1051.105(a)(2) in a later model year, and
vice versa.
(2) There are separate averaging, banking, and trading programs for
snowmobiles, ATVs, and off-highway motorcycles. You may not average or
exchange banked or traded credits from engine families of one type of
vehicle with those from engine families of another type of vehicle.
(3) You may not average or exchange banked or traded credits with
other engine families if you use fundamentally different measurement
procedures for the different engine families (for example, ATVs
certified to chassis-based vs. engine-based standards). This paragraph
(b)(3) does not restrict you from averaging together engine families
that use test procedures that we determine provide equivalent emission
results.
(4) You may not average or exchange banked or traded exhaust credits
with evaporative credits, or vice versa.
(c) The definitions of Subpart I of this part apply to this subpart.
The following definitions also apply:
(1) Actual emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have verified by reviewing your final report.
(2) Average standard means a standard that allows you comply by
averaging all your vehicles under this part. See subpart B of this part
to determine which standards are average standards.
(3) Averaging set means a set of engines in which emission credits
may be exchanged only with other engines in the same averaging set.
(4) Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission
credits between a buyer and seller.
(5) Buyer means the entity that receives emission credits as a
result of a trade.
(6) Reserved emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have not yet verified by reviewing your final report.
(7) Seller means the entity that provides emission credits during a
trade.
(8) Trade means to exchange emission credits, either as a buyer or
seller.
(d) In your application for certification, base your showing of
compliance on projected production volumes for vehicles whose point of
first retail sale is in the United States. As described in Sec.
1051.730, compliance with the requirements of this subpart is determined
at the end of the model year based on actual production volumes for
vehicles whose point of first retail sale is in the United States. Do
not include any of the following vehicles to calculate emission credits:
(1) Vehicles exempted under subpart G of this part or under 40 CFR
part 1068.
(2) Exported vehicles.
(3) Vehicles not subject to the requirements of this part, such as
those excluded under Sec. 1051.5.
(4) Vehicles for which the location of first retail sale is in a
state that has applicable state emission regulations for that model
year. However, this restriction does not apply if we determine that the
state standards and requirements are equivalent to those of this part
and that these vehicles sold in such a state will not generate credits
under the state program. For example, you may not include vehicles
certified for California if it has more stringent emission standards for
these vehicles or those vehicles generate or use emission credits under
the California program.
(5) Any other vehicles, where we indicate elsewhere in this part
1051 that they are not to be included in the calculations of this
subpart.
(e) You may not use emission credits generated under this subpart to
offset any emissions that exceed an FEL or standard, except as specified
in Sec. 1051.225(f)(1). This applies for all testing, including
certification testing, in-use testing, selective enforcement audits, and
other production-line testing.
(f) Emission credits may be used in the model year they are
generated or in future model years. Emission credits may not be used for
past model years.

[[Page 539]]

(g) You may increase or decrease an FEL during the model year by
amending your application for certification under Sec. 1051.225.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40504, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59256, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.705 How do I average emission levels?

(a) As specified in subpart B of this part, certify each vehicle to
an FEL, subject to the FEL caps in subpart B of this part.
(b) Calculate a preliminary average emission level according to
Sec. 1051.720 for each averaging set using projected U.S.-directed
production volumes from your application for certification, excluding
vehicles described in Sec. 1051.701(d)(4).
(c) After the end of your model year, calculate a final average
emission level according to Sec. 1051.720 for each type of recreational
vehicle or engine you manufacture or import. Use actual U.S.-directed
production volumes, excluding vehicles described in Sec.
1051.701(d)(4).
(d) If your preliminary average emission level is below the
allowable average standard, see Sec. 1051.710 for information about
generating and banking emission credits. These credits will be
considered reserved until we verify them in reviewing the end-of-year
report.
(e) If your average emission level is above the allowable average
standard, you must obtain enough emission credits to offset the deficit
by the due date for the final report required in Sec. 1051.730. The
emission credits used to address the deficit may come from emission
credits you have banked or from emission credits you obtain through
trading.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40505, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1051.710 How do I generate and bank emission credits?

(a) Banking is the retention of emission credits by the manufacturer
generating the emission credits for use in averaging or trading in
future model years. You may use banked emission credits only within the
averaging set in which they were generated.
(b) If your average emission level is below the average standard,
you may calculate credits according to Sec. 1051.720. Credits you
generate do not expire.
(c) You may generate credits if you are a certifying manufacturer.
(d) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the
reports you submit under Sec. 1051.730. During the model year and
before the due date for the final report, you may designate your
reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
(e) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit
your final report. However, we may revoke these emission credits if we
are unable to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your
records.

[70 FR 40505, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59256, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.715 How do I trade emission credits?

(a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between
manufacturers. You may use traded emission credits for averaging,
banking, or further trading transactions. Traded emission credits may be
used only within the averaging set in which they were generated.
(b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this
subpart. You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may revoke
these emission credits based on our review of your records or reports or
those of the company with which you traded emission credits. You may
trade banked credits within an averaging set to any certifying
manufacturer.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) If a negative emission credit balance results from a
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we
deem to involve fraud. See Sec. 1051.255(e) for cases involving fraud.
We may void the certificates of all engine families participating in a
trade that results in a manufacturer having a negative balance of
emission credits. See Sec. 1051.745.

[70 FR 40505, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59256, Oct. 8, 2008]

[[Page 540]]

Sec. 1051.720 How do I calculate my average emission level or emission

credits?

(a) Calculate your average emission level for each type of
recreational vehicle or engine for each model year according to the
following equation and round it to the nearest tenth of a g/km or g/kW-
hr. Use consistent units throughout the calculation.
(1) For exhaust emissions:
(i) Calculate the average emission level as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08NO02.011

Where:

FELi = The FEL to which the engine family is certified.
ULi = The useful life of the engine family.
Productioni = The number of vehicles in the engine family.

(ii) Use U.S.-directed production projections for initial
certification, and actual U.S.-directed production volumes to determine
compliance at the end of the model year.
(2) For vehicles that have standards expressed as g/kW-hr and a
useful life in kilometers, convert the useful life to kW-hr based on the
maximum engine power and an assumed vehicle speed of 30 km/hr as
follows: UL (kW-hr) = UL (km) x Maximum Engine Power (kW) / 30 km/hr.
(Note: It is not necessary to include a load factor, since credit
exchange is not allowed between vehicles certified to g/kW-hr standards
and vehicles certified to g/km standards.)
(3) For evaporative emission standards expressed as g/m\2\/day, use
the useful life value in years multiplied by 365.24 and calculate the
average emission level as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.019

Where:

FEL i = The FEL to which the engine family is certified, as
described in paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
Production i = The number of vehicles in the engine
family times the average internal surface area of the vehicles' fuel
tanks.

(4) Determine the FEL for calculating credits under paragraph (a)(3)
of this section using any of the following values:
(i) The FEL to which the tank is certified, as long as the FEL is at
or below 3.0 g/m\2\/day.
(ii) 10.4 g/m\2\/day. However, if you use this value to establish
the FEL for any of your tanks, you must use this value to establish the
FEL for every tank not covered by paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section.
(iii) The measured permeation rate of the tank or the measured
permeation rate of a thinner-walled tank of the same material. However,
if you use this approach to establish the FEL for any of your tanks, you
must establish an FEL based on emission measurements for every tank not
covered by paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section.
(b) If your average emission level is below the average standard,
calculate credits available for banking according to the following
equation and round them to the nearest tenth of a gram:

[[Page 541]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08NO02.013

(c) If your average emission level is above the average standard,
calculate your preliminary credit deficit according to the following
equation, rounding to the nearest tenth of a gram:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08NO02.014

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40505, July 13, 2005; 73
FR 59256, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.725 What must I include in my applications for certification?

(a) You must declare in your applications for certification your
intent to use the provisions of this subpart. You must also declare the
FELs you select for each engine family. Your FELs must comply with the
specifications of subpart B of this part, including the FEL caps. FELs
must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the applicable
standards.
(b) Include the following in your application for certification:
(1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have
a negative balance of emission credits for any averaging set when all
emission credits are calculated at the end of the year. This means that
if you believe that your average emission level will be above the
standard (i.e., that you will have a deficit for the model year), you
must have banked credits (or project to have received traded credits) to
offset the deficit.
(2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (positive or
negative) based on projected production volumes. We may require you to
include similar calculations from your other engine families to
demonstrate that you will be able to avoid a negative credit balance for
the model year. If you project negative emission credits for an engine
family, state the source of positive emission credits you expect to use
to offset the negative emission credits.

[70 FR 40506, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59256, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.730 What ABT reports must I send to EPA?

(a) If any of your engine families are certified using the ABT
provisions of this subpart, you must send an end-of-year report within
90 days after the end of the model year and a final report within 270
days after the end of the model year. We may waive the requirement to
send the end-of year report, as long as you send the final report on
time.
(b) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
information for each engine family:
(1) Engine-family designation.
(2) The emission standards that would otherwise apply to the engine
family.
(3) The FEL for each pollutant. If you change the FEL after the
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new
FEL and/or give the vehicle identification number for the first vehicle
covered by the new FEL. In this case, identify each applicable FEL and
calculate the positive or negative emission credits under each FEL.
(4) The projected and actual production volumes for the model year
with a point of retail sale in the United States, as described in Sec.
1051.701(d). For

[[Page 542]]

fuel tanks, state the production volume in terms of surface area and
production volume for each tank configuration and state the total
surface area for the emission family. If you changed an FEL during the
model year, identify the actual production volume associated with each
FEL.
(5) For vehicles that have standards expressed as g/kW-hr, maximum
engine power for each vehicle configuration, and the average engine
power weighted by U.S.-directed production volumes for the engine
family.
(6) Useful life.
(7) Calculated positive or negative emission credits. Identify any
emission credits that you traded, as described in paragraph (d)(1) of
this section.
(c) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
additional information:
(1) Show that your net balance of emission credits in each averaging
set in the applicable model year is not negative.
(2) State whether you will retain any emission credits for banking.
(3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
(d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within
90 days after the transaction, as follows:
(1) As the seller, you must include the following information in
your report:
(i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) The engine families that generated emission credits for the
trade, including the number of emission credits from each family.
(2) As the buyer, you must include the following information in your
report:
(i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the
number of emission credits you intend to apply to each engine family (if
known).
(e) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(f) Correct errors in your end-of-year report or final report as
follows:
(1) You may correct any errors in your end-of-year report when you
prepare the final report as long as you send us the final report by the
time it is due.
(2) If you or we determine within 270 days after the end of the
model year that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission
credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of
emission credits. You may not make these corrections for errors that are
determined more than 270 days after the end of the model year. If you
report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow
corrections under this paragraph (f)(2).
(3) If you or we determine anytime that errors mistakenly increased
your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors and
recalculate the balance of emission credits.

[70 FR 40506, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59256, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.735 What records must I keep?

[[Page 543]]

(e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us
relevant information not required by this section in accordance with the
Clean Air Act.

[70 FR 40506, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59257, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.740 Are there special averaging provisions for snowmobiles?

For snowmobiles, you may only use credits for the same phase or set
of standards against which they were generated, except as allowed by
this section.
(a) Restrictions. (1) You may not use any Phase 1 or Phase 2 credits
for Phase 3 compliance.
(2) You may not use Phase 1 HC credits for Phase 2 HC compliance.
However, because the Phase 1 and Phase 2 CO standards are the same, you
may use Phase 1 CO credits for compliance with the Phase 2 CO standards.
(b) Special credits for next phase of standards. You may choose to
generate credits early for banking for purposes of compliance with later
phases of standards as follows:
(1) If your corporate average emission level at the end of the model
year exceeds the applicable (current) phase of standards (without the
use of traded or previously banked credits), you may choose to
redesignate some of your snowmobile production to a calculation to
generate credits for a future phase of standards. To generate credits
the snowmobiles designated must have an FEL below the emission level of
that set of standards. This can be done on a pollutant specific basis.
(2) Do not include the snowmobiles that you redesignate in the final
compliance calculation of your average emission level for the otherwise
applicable (current) phase of standards. Your average emission level for
the remaining (non-redesignated) snowmobiles must comply with the
otherwise applicable (current) phase of standards.
(3) Include the snowmobiles that you redesignate in a separate
calculation of your average emission level for redesignated engines.
Calculate credits using this average emission level relative to the
specific pollutant in the future phase of standards. These credits may
be used for compliance with the future standards.
(4) For generating early Phase 3 credits, you may generate credits
for HC or CO separately as described:
(i) To determine if you qualify to generate credits in accordance
with paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section, you must meet the
credit trigger level. For HC this value is 75 g/kW-hr. For CO this value
is 200 g/kW-hr.
(ii) HC and CO credits for Phase 3 are calculated relative to 75 g/
kW-hr and 200 g/kW-hr values, respectively.
(5) Credits can also be calculated for Phase 3 using both sets of
standards. Without regard to the trigger level values, if your net
emission reduction for the redesignated averaging set exceeds the
requirements of Phase 3 in Sec. 1051.103 (using both HC+NOX
and CO in the Phase 3 equation in Sec. 1051.103), then your credits are
the difference between the Phase 3 reduction requirement of that section
and your calculated value.

[70 FR 40507, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 35952, June 25, 2008;
73 FR 59257, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1051.745 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this

subpart?

(a) For each engine family participating in the ABT program, the
certificate of conformity is conditional upon full compliance with the
provisions of this subpart during and after the model year. You are
responsible to establish to our satisfaction that you fully comply with
applicable requirements. We may void the certificate of conformity for
an engine family if you fail to comply with any provisions of this
subpart.
(b) You may certify your engine family to an FEL above an applicable
standard based on a projection that you will have enough emission
credits to avoid a negative credit balance for each averaging set for
the applicable model year. However, except as allowed in Sec.
1051.145(h), we may void the certificate of conformity if you cannot
show in your final report that you have enough actual emission credits
to offset a deficit for any pollutant in an engine family.
(c) We may void the certificate of conformity for an engine family
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information we
request.

[[Page 544]]

(d) You may ask for a hearing if we void your certificate under this
section (see Sec. 1051.820).

[70 FR 40507, July 13, 2005]

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1051.801 What definitions apply to this part?

The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply
to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the
meaning the Act gives to them. The definitions follow:
Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.
Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design
that someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access)
and that, if adjusted, may affect emissions or engine performance during
emission testing or normal in-use operation. This includes, but is not
limited to, parameters related to injection timing and fueling rate. You
may ask us to exclude a parameter that is difficult to access if it
cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without significantly degrading
engine performance, or if you otherwise show us that it will not be
adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in-use operation.
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream
of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to
decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the
environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR), turbochargers, and oxygen
sensors are not aftertreatment.
Alcohol-fueled means relating to a vehicle with an engine that is
designed to run using an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition,
alcohol fuels do not include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below
25 percent by volume.
All-terrain vehicle means a land-based or amphibious nonroad vehicle
that meets the criteria listed in paragraph (1) of this definition; or,
alternatively the criteria of paragraph (2) of this definition but not
the criteria of paragraph (3) of this definition:
(1) Vehicles designed to travel on four low pressure tires, having a
seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for
steering controls, and intended for use by a single operator and no
other passengers are all-terrain vehicles.
(2) Other all-terrain vehicles have three or more wheels and one or
more seats, are designed for operation over rough terrain, are intended
primarily for transportation, and have a maximum vehicle speed higher
than 25 miles per hour. Golf carts generally do not meet these criteria
since they are generally not designed for operation over rough terrain.
(3) Vehicles that meet the definition of ``offroad utility vehicle''
in this section are not all-terrain vehicles. However, Sec. 1051.1(a)
specifies that some offroad utility vehicles are required to meet the
same requirements as all-terrain vehicles.
Amphibious vehicle means a vehicle with wheels or tracks that is
designed primarily for operation on land and secondarily for operation
in water.
Auxiliary emission-control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or any
other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission-control system.
Brake power means the usable power output of the engine, not
including power required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine,
circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment devices.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in an engine family for a given pollutant

[[Page 545]]

from either transient or steady-state testing.
Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and
other related internal parts.
Critical emission-related component means any of the following
components:
(1) Electronic control units, aftertreatment devices, fuel-metering
components, EGR-system components, crankcase-ventilation valves, all
components related to charge-air compression and cooling, and all
sensors and actuators associated with any of these components.
(2) Any other component whose primary purpose is to reduce
emissions.
Days means calendar days unless otherwise specified. For example,
where we specify working days, we mean calendar days excluding weekends
and U.S. national holidays.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Light-Duty Engine
Group, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann
Arbor, MI 48105.
Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement
Division (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data vehicle.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the
end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point, expressed
in one of the following ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions
at the end of useful life to emissions at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test
point.
Emission-control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants
from an engine.
Emission-data vehicle means a vehicle or engine that is tested for
certification. This includes vehicles or engines tested to establish
deterioration factors.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware
and calibration within an engine family. Engines within a single engine
configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability
or factors unrelated to emissions.
Engine family has the meaning given in Sec. 1051.230.
Evaporative means relating to fuel emissions that result from
permeation of fuel through the fuel system materials and from
ventilation of the fuel system.
Excluded means relating to an engine that either:
(1) Has been determined not to be a nonroad engine, as specified in
40 CFR 1068.30; or
(2) Is a nonroad engine that is excluded from this part 1051 under
the provisions of Sec. 1051.5.
Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Exhaust-gas recirculation means a technology that reduces emissions
by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion
chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or
during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of
residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with
incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust-gas
recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission
standard under the ABT program in subpart H of this part. The family
emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as
the emission

[[Page 546]]

standard it replaces. The family emission limit serves as the emission
standard for the engine family with respect to all required testing.
Fuel line means all hoses or tubing designed to contain liquid fuel
or fuel vapor. This includes all hoses or tubing for the filler neck,
for connections between dual fuel tanks, and for connecting a carbon
canister to the fuel tank. This does not include hoses or tubing for
routing crankcase vapors to the engine's intake or any other hoses or
tubing that are open to the atmosphere.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering,
and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s),
including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel
lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system
vents. In the case where the fuel tank cap or other components
(excluding fuel lines) are directly mounted on the fuel tank, they are
considered to be a part of the fuel tank.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type,
such as winter-grade and all-season gasoline.
Good engineering judgment means judgments made consistent with
generally accepted scientific and engineering principles and all
available relevant information. See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative
process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type. For alcohol-fueled engines, HC
means total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE). For all other engines, HC
means nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC).
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular vehicle or engine from other similar engines.
Low-hour means relating to an engine with stabilized emissions and
represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally
involve less than 24 hours or 240 kilometers of operation.
Low-permeability material has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1060.801.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures a vehicle or
engine for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new
vehicle or engine into commerce in the United States. This includes
importers that import vehicles or engines for resale.
Maximum engine power has the meaning given in 40 CFR 90.3 for 2010
and earlier model years and in Sec. 1051.140 for 2011 and later model
years. Note that maximum engine power is based on the engine alone,
without regard to any governing or other restrictions from the vehicle
installation.
Maximum test speed has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Model year means one of the following things:
(1) For freshly manufactured vehicles (see definition of ``new,''
paragraph (1)), model year means one of the following:
(i) Calendar year.
(ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different than
the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar year for
which the model year is named. It may not begin before January 2 of the
previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the named
calendar year. For seasonal production periods not including January 1,
model year means the calendar year in which the production occurs,
unless you choose to certify the applicable emission family with the
following model year. For example, if your production period is June 1,
2010, through November 30, 2010, your model year would be 2010 unless
you choose to certify the emission family for model year 2011.
(2) For an engine originally certified and manufactured as a motor
vehicle engine or a stationary engine that is later used or intended to
be used in a vehicle subject to the standards and requirements of this
part 1051, model year means the calendar year in which the engine was
originally produced. For an engine originally manufactured as a motor
vehicle engine or a stationary engine without having been certified that
is later used or intended to be

[[Page 547]]

used in a vehicle subject to the standards and requirements of this part
1051, model year means the calendar year in which the engine becomes
subject to this part 1051. (See definition of ``new,'' paragraph (2)).
(3) For a nonroad engine that has been previously placed into
service in an application covered by 40 CFR part 90, 91, 1048, or 1054,
where that engine is installed in a piece of equipment that is covered
by this part 1051, model year means the calendar year in which the
engine was originally produced (see definition of ``new,'' paragraph
(3)).
(4) For engines that are not freshly manufactured but are installed
in new recreational vehicles, model year means the calendar year in
which the engine is installed in the recreational vehicle (see
definition of ``new,'' paragraph (4)).
(5) For imported engines:
(i) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(i) of the
definition of ``new,'' model year has the meaning given in paragraphs
(1) through (4) of this definition.
(ii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(ii) of the
definition of ``new,'' model year means the calendar year in which the
vehicle is modified.
(iii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(iii) of the
definition of ``new'' model year means the calendar year in which the
engine is assembled in its imported configuration, unless specified
otherwise in this part or in 40 CFR part 1068.
Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703(a).
New means relating to any of the following things:
(1) A freshly manufactured vehicle for which the ultimate purchaser
has never received the equitable or legal title. This kind of vehicle
might commonly be thought of as ``brand new.''
In the case of this paragraph (1), the vehicle is new from the time
it is produced until the ultimate purchaser receives the title or the
product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine or a
stationary engine that is later used or intended to be used in a vehicle
subject to the standards and requirements of this part 1051. In this
case, the engine is no longer a motor vehicle or stationary engine and
becomes new. The engine is no longer new when it is placed into service
as a recreational vehicle covered by this part 1051.
(3) A nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service in
an application covered by 40 CFR part 90, 91, 1048, or 1054, when that
engine is installed in a piece of equipment that is covered by this part
1051. The engine is no longer new when it is placed into service in a
recreational vehicle covered by this part 1051. For example, this would
apply to a marine propulsion engine that is no longer used in a marine
vessel.
(4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this
definition that is intended to be installed in a new vehicle covered by
this part 1051. This generally includes installation of used engines in
new recreational vehicles. The engine is no longer new when the ultimate
purchaser receives a title for the vehicle or it is placed into service,
whichever comes first.
(5) An imported vehicle or engine, subject to the following
provisions:
(i) An imported recreational vehicle or recreational-vehicle engine
covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part that meets
the criteria of one or more of paragraphs (1) through (4) of this
definition, where the original manufacturer holds the certificate, is
new as defined by those applicable paragraphs.
(ii) An imported vehicle or engine covered by a certificate of
conformity issued under this part, where someone other than the original
manufacturer holds the certificate (such as when the engine is modified
after its initial assembly), is new when it is imported. It is no longer
new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title for the vehicle or
engine or it is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(iii) An imported recreational vehicle or recreational-vehicle
engine that is not covered by a certificate of conformity issued under
this part at the time of importation is new. This addresses uncertified
vehicles and engines initially placed into service that someone seeks to
import into the United States. Importation of this kind

[[Page 548]]

of vehicle or engine is generally prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068.
However, the importation of such a vehicle or engine is not prohibited
if it has a model year before 2006, since it is not subject to
standards.
Noncompliant means relating to a vehicle that was originally covered
by a certificate of conformity, but is not in the certified
configuration or otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the
certificate.
Nonconforming means relating to vehicle not covered by a certificate
of conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines or equipment that includes
nonroad engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general
this means all internal-combustion engines except motor-vehicle engines,
stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used
in aircraft.
Off-highway motorcycle means a two-wheeled vehicle with a nonroad
engine and a seat (excluding marine vessels and aircraft). (Note:
highway motorcycles are regulated under 40 CFR part 86.)
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data vehicle on a given duty cycle before the application of
any deterioration factor.
Offroad utility vehicle means a nonroad vehicle that has four or
more wheels, seating for two or more persons, is designed for operation
over rough terrain, and has either a rear payload capacity of 350 pounds
or more or seating for six or more passengers. Vehicles intended
primarily for recreational purposes that are not capable of transporting
six passengers (such as dune buggies) are not offroad utility vehicles.
(Note: Sec. 1051.1(a) specifies that some offroad utility vehicles are
required to meet the requirements that apply for all-terrain vehicles.)
Unless there is significant information to the contrary, we consider
vehicles to be intended primarily for recreational purposes if they are
marketed for recreational use, have a rear payload capacity no greater
than 1,000 pounds, and meet at least five of the following criteria:
(1) Front and rear suspension travel is greater than 18 cm.
(2) The vehicle has no tilt bed.
(3) The vehicle has no mechanical power take-off (PTO) and no
permanently installed hydraulic system for operating utility-oriented
accessory devices.
(4) The engine has in-use operating speeds at or above 4,000 rpm.
(5) Maximum vehicle speed is greater than 35 miles per hour.
(6) The speed at which the engine produces peak power is above 4,500
rpm and the engine is equivalent to engines in ATVs certified by the
same manufacturer. For the purpose of this paragraph (6), the engine is
considered equivalent if it could be included in the same emission
family based on the characteristics specified in Sec. 1051.230(b).
(7) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating is no greater than 3,750 pounds.
This is the maximum design loaded weight of the vehicle as defined in 40
CFR 86.1803-01, including passengers and cargo.
Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared
by the engine manufacturer for the owner or operator to describe
appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other
information related to operating or keeping the engine. The owners
manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of
sale. The owners manual may be in paper or electronic format.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Phase 1 means relating to Phase 1 standards of Sec. Sec. 1051.103,
1051.105, or 1051.107, or other Phase 1 standards specified in subpart B
of this part.
Phase 2 means relating to Phase 2 standards of Sec. 1051.103, or
other Phase 2 standards specified in subpart B of this part.
Phase 3 means relating to Phase 3 standards of Sec. 1051.103, or
other Phase 3 standards specified in subpart B of this part.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose.
Point of first retail sale means the location at which the initial
retail sale

[[Page 549]]

occurs. This generally means an equipment dealership, but may also
include an engine seller or distributor in cases where loose engines are
sold to the general public for uses such as replacement engines.
Recreational means, for purposes of this part, relating to
snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, off-highway motorcycles, and other
vehicles that we regulate under this part. Note that 40 CFR parts 90 and
1054 apply to engines used in other recreational vehicles.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001, unless otherwise
specified.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically
to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing
prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to
correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic
maintenance is not appropriate.
Small-volume manufacturer means one of the following:
(1) For motorcycles and ATVs, a manufacturer that sold motorcycles
or ATVs before 2003 and had annual U.S.-directed production of no more
than 5,000 off-road motorcycles and ATVs (combined number) in 2002 and
all earlier calendar years. For manufacturers owned by a parent company,
the limit applies to the production of the parent company and all of its
subsidiaries.
(2) For snowmobiles, a manufacturer that sold snowmobiles before
2003 and had annual U.S.-directed production of no more than 300
snowmobiles in 2002 and all earlier model years. For manufacturers owned
by a parent company, the limit applies to the production of the parent
company and all of its subsidiaries.
(3) A manufacturer that we designate to be a small-volume
manufacturer under Sec. 1051.635.
Snowmobile means a vehicle designed to operate outdoors only over
snow-covered ground, with a maximum width of 1.5 meters or less.
Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an engine family for emission testing. This may include
testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
Test vehicle or engine means an engine in a test sample.
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the
specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as a
hydrocarbon with a hydrogen-to-carbon mass ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR
1065.1001.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new nonroad equipment
or new nonroad engine, the first person who in good faith purchases such
new nonroad equipment or new nonroad engine for purposes other than
resale.
Ultraviolet light means electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength
between 300 and 400 nanometers.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Upcoming model year means for an engine family the model year after
the one currently in production.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of vehicle units,
subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for
which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will
be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States. This includes
vehicles for which the location of first retail sale is in a state that
has applicable state emission regulations for that model year, unless we
specify otherwise.
Useful life means the period during which a vehicle is required to
comply with all applicable emission standards, specified as a given
number of calendar years and kilometers (whichever comes

[[Page 550]]

first). In some cases, useful life is also limited by a given number of
hours of engine operation. If an engine has no odometer (or hour meter),
the specified number of kilometers (or hours) does not limit the period
during which an in-use vehicle is required to comply with emission
standards, unless the degree of service accumulation can be verified
separately. The useful life for an engine family must be at least as
long as both of the following:
(1) The expected average service life before the vehicle is
remanufactured or retired from service.
(2) The minimum useful life value.
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel
that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor Pressure
higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.
Wide-open throttle means maximum throttle opening. Unless this is
specified at a given speed, it refers to maximum throttle opening at
maximum speed. For electronically controlled or other engines with
multiple possible fueling rates, wide-open throttle also means the
maximum fueling rate at maximum throttle opening under test conditions.

[70 FR 40507, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59257, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23024, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1051.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

[deg]--degrees.
ASTM--American Society for Testing and Materials.
ATV--all-terrain vehicle.
cc--cubic centimeters.
CFR--Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4 methane.
cm--centimeter.
C--Celsius.
CO--carbon monoxide.
CO2--carbon dioxide.
EPA--Environmental Protection Agency.
F--Fahrenheit.
g--grams.
g/gal/day--grams per gallon per test day.
g/m\2\/day--grams per meter-square per test day.
HC--hydrocarbon.
Hg--mercury.
hr--hours.
km--kilometer.
kW--kilowatt.
LPG--liquefied petroleum gas.
m--meters.
mm--millimeters.
mW--milliwatts.
N2O nitrous oxide.
NARA--National Archives and Records Administration.
NMHC--nonmethane hydrocarbons.
NOX--oxides of nitrogen (NO and NOX).
psig--pounds per square inches of gauge pressure.
rpm--revolutions per minute.
SAE--Society of Automotive Engineers.
SI--spark-ignition.
THC--total hydrocarbon.
THCE--total hydrocarbon equivalent.
U.S.C.--United States Code.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40510, July 13, 2005; 74
FR 56511, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1051.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?

[70 FR 40511, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1051.820 How do I request a hearing?

[[Page 551]]

(b) For a hearing you request under the provisions of this part, we
will approve your request if we find that your request raises a
substantial factual issue.
(c) If we agree to hold a hearing, we will use the procedures
specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G.

[70 FR 40511, July 13, 2005]

Sec. 1051.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this

part?

Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping
specified in the applicable regulations. The following items illustrate
the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for vehicles
regulated under this part:
(a) We specify the following requirements related to certification
in this part 1051:
(1) In Sec. Sec. 1051.20 and 1051.25 we describe special provisions
for manufacturers to certify recreational engines instead of vehicles.
(2) [Reserved]
(3) In Sec. 1051.145 we include various reporting and recordkeeping
requirements related to interim provisions.
(4) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of
information required to certify vehicles.
(5) In Sec. Sec. 1051.345 and 1051.350 we specify certain records
related to production-line testing.
(6) [Reserved]
(7) In Sec. 1051.501 we specify information needs for establishing
various changes to published vehicle-based test procedures.
(8) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various special compliance provisions.
(9) In Sec. Sec. 1051.725, 1051.730, and 1051.735 we specify
certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
(b) [Reserved]
(c) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1065:
(1) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting
information.
(2) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published engine-based test procedures.
(3) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing test
information.
(4) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify data that may be appropriate for
collecting during testing of in-use engines or vehicles using portable
analyzers.
(d) We specify the following requirements related to the general
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
(1) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
(2) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information
(3) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines or
vehicles available for our testing or inspection if we make such a
request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require manufacturers to keep certain
records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
(5) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to
rebuilding engines.
(6) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.
(7) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing engines or vehicles.
(8) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement
audit.
(9) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
(10) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming vehicles.

[73 FR 59258, Oct. 8, 2008]

[[Page 552]]

PART 1054_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, SMALL NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES

AND EQUIPMENT--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec.
1054.1 Does this part apply for my engines and equipment?
1054.2 Who is responsible for compliance?
1054.5 Which nonroad engines are excluded from this part's requirements?
1054.10 How is this part organized?
1054.15 Do any other CFR parts apply to me?
1054.20 What requirements apply to my equipment?
1054.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1054.101 What emission standards and requirements must my engines meet?
1054.103 What exhaust emission standards must my handheld engines meet?
1054.105 What exhaust emission standards must my nonhandheld engines
meet?
1054.107 What is the useful life period for meeting exhaust emission
standards?
1054.110 What evaporative emission standards must my handheld equipment
meet?
1054.112 What evaporative emission standards must my nonhandheld
equipment meet?
1054.115 What other requirements apply?
1054.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?
1054.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?
1054.130 What installation instructions must I give to equipment
manufacturers?
1054.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce?
1054.140 What is my engine's maximum engine power and displacement?
1054.145 Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited
time?

Subpart C_Certifying Emission Families

1054.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate
of conformity?
1054.205 What must I include in my application?
1054.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my
application?
1054.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?
1054.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new
or modified engines or fuel systems or change an FEL?
1054.230 How do I select emission families?
1054.235 What exhaust emission testing must I perform for my application
for a certificate of conformity?
1054.240 How do I demonstrate that my emission family complies with
exhaust emission standards?
1054.245 How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust
durability testing?
1054.250 What records must I keep and what reports must I send to EPA?
1054.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?

Subpart D_Production-line Testing

1054.300 Applicability.
1054.301 When must I test my production-line engines?
1054.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line engines?
1054.310 How must I select engines for production-line testing?
1054.315 How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line
testing requirements?
1054.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails to meet
emission standards?
1054.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line
testing requirements?
1054.330 May I sell engines from an engine family with a suspended
certificate of conformity?
1054.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?
1054.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how
may I sell these engines again?
1054.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?
1054.350 What records must I keep?

Subpart E_In-use Testing

1054.401 General provisions.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

1054.501 How do I run a valid emission test?
1054.505 How do I test engines?
1054.520 What testing must I perform to establish deterioration factors?

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

1054.601 What compliance provisions apply?
1054.610 What is the exemption for delegated final assembly?
1054.612 What special provisions apply for equipment manufacturers
modifying certified nonhandheld engines?
1054.615 What is the exemption for engines certified to standards for
Large SI engines?
1054.620 What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for
competition?

[[Page 553]]

1054.625 What requirements apply under the Transition Program for
Equipment Manufacturers?
1054.626 What special provisions apply to equipment imported under the
Transition Program for Equipment Manufacturers?
1054.630 What provisions apply for importation of individual items for
personal use?
1054.635 What special provisions apply for small-volume engine and
equipment manufacturers?
1054.640 What special provisions apply to branded engines?
1054.645 What special provisions apply for converting an engine to use
an alternate fuel?
1054.650 What special provisions apply for adding or changing governors?
1054.655 What special provisions apply for installing and removing
altitude kits?
1054.660 What are the provisions for exempting emergency rescue
equipment?
1054.690 What bond requirements apply for certified engines?

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

1054.701 General provisions.
1054.705 How do I generate and calculate exhaust emission credits?
1054.706 How do I generate and calculate evaporative emission credits?
1054.710 How do I average emission credits?
1054.715 How do I bank emission credits?
1054.720 How do I trade emission credits?
1054.725 What must I include in my application for certification?
1054.730 What ABT reports must I send to EPA?
1054.735 What records must I keep?
1054.740 What special provisions apply for generating and using emission
credits?
1054.745 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this
subpart?

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1054.801 What definitions apply to this part?
1054.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?
1054.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?
1054.820 How do I request a hearing?
1054.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this
part?

Appendix I to Part 1054--Summary of Previous Emission Standards
Appendix II to Part 1054--Duty Cycles for Laboratory Testing

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1054.1 Does this part apply for my engines and equipment?

(a) Except as provided in Sec. 1054.5, the regulations in this part
1054 apply as follows:
(1) The requirements of this part related to exhaust emissions apply
to new, spark-ignition engines with maximum engine power at or below 19
kW. This includes auxiliary marine spark-ignition engines.
(2) The requirements of this part related to evaporative emissions
apply as specified in Sec. Sec. 1054.110 and 1054.112 to fuel systems
used with engines subject to exhaust emission standards in this part if
the engines use a volatile liquid fuel (such as gasoline).
(3) This part 1054 applies starting with the model years noted in
the following table:

Table 1 to Sec. 1054.1--Part 1054 Applicability by Model Year

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine type Engine displacement Model year
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Handheld........................... all................... 2010
Nonhandheld........................ displacement < 225 cc. 2012
Nonhandheld........................ displacement = 225 cc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(4) This part 1054 applies for other spark-ignition engines as
follows:
(i) The provisions of Sec. Sec. 1054.620 and 1054.801 apply for new
engines used solely for competition beginning January 1, 2010.
(ii) The provisions of Sec. Sec. 1054.660 and 1054.801 apply for
new engines used in emergency rescue equipment beginning January 1,
2010.
(5) We specify provisions in Sec. 1054.145(e) and (f) and in Sec.
1054.740 that allow for meeting the requirements of this part before the
dates shown in Table 1 to this section. Engines, fuel-system components,
or equipment certified to these standards are subject to all the
requirements of this part as if these optional standards were mandatory.

[[Page 554]]

(b) Although the definition of nonroad engine in 40 CFR 1068.30
excludes certain engines used in stationary applications, stationary
engines are required under 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ, to comply with
this part starting with the model years shown in Table 1 to this
section.
(c) See 40 CFR part 90 for requirements that apply to engines not
yet subject to the requirements of this part 1054.
(d) In certain cases, the regulations in this part 1054 apply to
engines with maximum engine power above 19 kW that would otherwise be
covered by 40 CFR part 1048 or 1051. See 40 CFR 1048.615 and
1051.145(a)(3) for provisions related to these allowances.
(e) In certain cases, the regulations in this part 1054 apply to
propulsion marine engines that would otherwise be covered by 40 CFR part
1045. See 40 CFR 1045.610 for provisions related to these allowances.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23024, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1054.2 Who is responsible for compliance?

The requirements and prohibitions of this part apply to
manufacturers of engines and equipment, as described in Sec. 1054.1.
The requirements of this part are generally addressed to manufacturers
subject to this part's requirements. The term ``you'' generally means
the certifying manufacturer. For provisions related to exhaust
emissions, this generally means the engine manufacturer, especially for
issues related to certification (including production-line testing,
reporting, etc.). For provisions related to certification with respect
to evaporative emissions, this generally means the equipment
manufacturer. Equipment manufacturers must meet applicable requirements
as described in Sec. 1054.20. Engine manufacturers that assemble an
engine's complete fuel system are considered to be the equipment
manufacturer with respect to evaporative emissions (see 40 CFR 1060.5).
Note that certification requirements for component manufacturers are
described in 40 CFR part 1060.

Sec. 1054.5 Which nonroad engines are excluded from this part's requirements?

This part does not apply to the following nonroad engines:
(a) Engines that are certified to meet the requirements of 40 CFR
part 1051 (for example, engines used in snowmobiles and all-terrain
vehicles). Engines that are otherwise subject to 40 CFR part 1051 but
not required to be certified (such as engines exempted under 40 CFR part
1051) are also excluded from this part 1054, unless the regulations in
40 CFR part 1051 specifically require them to comply with the
requirements of this part 1054.
(b) Engines that are certified to meet the requirements of 40 CFR
part 1048, subject to the provisions of Sec. 1054.615.
(c) Propulsion marine engines. See 40 CFR parts 91 and 1045. Note
that the evaporative emission standards of this part also do not apply
with respect to auxiliary marine engines as described in Sec. 1054.20.
(d) Engines used in reduced-scale models of vehicles that are not
capable of transporting a person.

Sec. 1054.10 How is this part organized?

This part 1054 is divided into the following subparts:
(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of this part
1054 and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify engines under this part.
Note that Sec. 1054.145 discusses certain interim requirements and
compliance provisions that apply only for a limited time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity.
(d) Subpart D of this part describes general provisions for testing
production-line engines.
(e) Subpart E of this part describes general provisions for testing
in-use engines.
(f) Subpart F of this part describes how to test your engines
(including references to other parts of the Code of Federal
Regulations).

[[Page 555]]

(g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, and other provisions that apply to engine
manufacturers, equipment manufacturers, owners, operators, rebuilders,
and all others.
(h) Subpart H of this part describes how you may generate and use
exhaust and evaporative emission credits to certify your engines and
equipment.
(i) Subpart I of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

Sec. 1054.15 Do any other CFR parts apply to me?

(a) Part 1060 of this chapter describes standards and procedures
that apply for controlling evaporative emissions from engines fueled by
gasoline or other volatile liquid fuels and the associated fuel systems.
See Sec. Sec. 1054.110 and 1054.112 for information about how that part
applies.
(b) Part 1065 of this chapter describes procedures and equipment
specifications for testing engines to measure exhaust emissions. Subpart
F of this part 1054 describes how to apply the provisions of part 1065
of this chapter to determine whether engines meet the exhaust emission
standards in this part.
(c) The requirements and prohibitions of part 1068 of this chapter
apply to everyone, including anyone who manufactures, imports, installs,
owns, operates, or rebuilds any of the engines subject to this part
1054, or equipment containing these engines. Part 1068 of this chapter
describes general provisions, including these seven areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for engine manufacturers,
equipment manufacturers, and others.
(2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.
(3) Exclusions and exemptions for certain engines.
(4) Importing engines.
(5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(6) Defect reporting and recall.
(7) Procedures for hearings.
(d) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

Sec. 1054.20 What requirements apply to my equipment?

(a) If you manufacture equipment using engines certified under this
part, your equipment must meet all applicable emission standards with
the engine and fuel system installed.
(b) Except as specified in paragraph (f) of this section, all
equipment subject to the exhaust standards of this part must meet the
evaporative emission standards of 40 CFR part 1060, as described in
Sec. Sec. 1054.110 and 1054.112.
(c) Except as specified in paragraph (f) of this section, you must
identify and label equipment you produce under this section consistent
with the requirements of 40 CFR 1060.135.
(d) You may need to certify your equipment or fuel systems as
described in 40 CFR 1060.1 and 1060.601.
(e) You must follow all emission-related installation instructions
from the certifying manufacturers as described in Sec. 1054.130, 40 CFR
1060.130, and 40 CFR 1068.105. Failure to follow these instructions
subjects you to civil penalties as described in 40 CFR part 1068,
subpart B.
(f) Motor vehicles and marine vessels may contain engines subject to
the exhaust emission standards in this part 1054. Evaporative emission
standards apply to these products as follows:
(1) Marine vessels using spark-ignition engines are subject to the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1045. The vessels are not required to comply
with the evaporative emission standards and related requirements of this
part 1054.
(2) Motor vehicles are subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part
86. They are not required to comply with the evaporative emission
standards and related requirements of this part 1054.

Sec. 1054.30 Submission of information.

(a) This part includes various requirements to record data or other
information. Refer to Sec. 1054.825 and 40 CFR 1068.25 regarding
recordkeeping requirements. If recordkeeping requirements are not
specified, store these records in any format and on any media and keep
them readily available for one year after you send an associated
application for certification, or one year after you generate the data
if they do not support an application for

[[Page 556]]

certification. You must promptly send us organized, written records in
English if we ask for them. We may review them at any time.
(b) The regulations in Sec. 1054.255 and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. This includes
information not related to certification.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1054.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a
certificate holder.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1054.101 What emission standards and requirements must my engines meet?

(a) Exhaust emissions. You must show that your engines meet the
following exhaust emission standards, except as specified in paragraphs
(b) through (d) of this section:
(1) Handheld engines must meet the exhaust emission standards in
Sec. 1054.103.
(2) Nonhandheld engines must meet the exhaust emission standards in
Sec. 1054.105.
(3) All engines must meet the requirements in Sec. 1054.115.
(b) Evaporative emissions. Except as specified in Sec. 1054.20, new
equipment using engines that run on a volatile liquid fuel (such as
gasoline) must meet the evaporative emission requirements of 40 CFR part
1060. The requirements of 40 CFR part 1060 that apply are considered
also to be requirements of this part 1054. Marine vessels using
auxiliary marine engines subject to this part must meet the evaporative
emission requirements in 40 CFR 1045.112 instead of the evaporative
emission requirements in this part. We specify evaporative emission
requirements for handheld and nonhandheld equipment separately in
Sec. Sec. 1054.110 and 1054.112.
(c) Wintertime engines. Emission standards regulating HC and
NOX exhaust emissions are optional for wintertime engines.
However, if you certify an emission family to such standards, those
engines are subject to all the requirements of this part as if these
optional standards were mandatory.
(d) Two-stroke snowthrower engines. Two-stroke snowthrower engines
may meet exhaust emission standards that apply to handheld engines with
the same engine displacement instead of the nonhandheld standards that
would otherwise apply.
(e) Relationship between handheld and nonhandheld engines. Any
engines certified to the nonhandheld emission standards in Sec.
1054.105 may be used in either handheld or nonhandheld equipment.
Engines above 80 cc certified to the handheld emission standards in
Sec. 1054.103 may not be used in nonhandheld equipment. 40 CFR 1068.101
prohibits the introduction into commerce or importation of such
nonhandheld equipment except as specified in this paragraph (e). For
purposes of the requirements of this part, engines at or below 80 cc are
considered handheld engines, but may be installed in either handheld or
nonhandheld equipment. These engines are subject to handheld exhaust
emission standards; the equipment in which they are installed are
subject to handheld evaporative emission standards starting with the
model years specified in this part 1054. See Sec. 1054.701(c) for
special provisions related to emission credits for engine families with
displacement at or below 80 cc where those engines are installed in
nonhandheld equipment.
(f) Interim provisions. It is important that you read Sec. 1054.145
to determine if there are other interim requirements or interim
compliance provisions that apply for a limited time.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 68462, Nov. 8, 2010]

[[Page 557]]

Sec. 1054.103 What exhaust emission standards must my handheld engines meet?

(a) Emission standards. Exhaust emissions from your handheld engines
may not exceed the emission standards in Table 1 to this section.
Measure emissions using the applicable steady-state test procedures
described in subpart F of this part.

Table 1 to Sec. 1054.103--Phase 3 Emission Standards for Handheld
Engines (g/kW-hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine displacement class HC+NOX CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class III............................................. 50 805
Class IV.............................................. 50 805
Class V............................................... 72 603
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Averaging, banking, and trading. You may generate or use
emission credits under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) program
for HC+NOX emissions as described in subpart H of this part.
You may not generate or use emission credits for CO emissions. To
generate or use emission credits, you must specify a family emission
limit for each engine family you include in the ABT program. These
family emission limits serve as the emission standards for the engine
family with respect to all required testing instead of the standards
specified in this section. An engine family meets emission standards
even if its family emission limit is higher than the standard, as long
as you show that the whole averaging set of applicable engine families
meets the emission standards using emission credits and the engines
within the family meet the family emission limit. The following FEL caps
are the maximum values you may specify for family emission limits:
(1) 336 g/kW-hr for Class III engines.
(2) 275 g/kW-hr for Class IV engines.
(3) 186 g/kW-hr for Class V engines.
(c) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply
for engines using the fuel type on which the engines in the emission
family are designed to operate. You must meet the numerical emission
standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on the following types
of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the following fuels:
(1) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions.
(2) Natural gas-fueled engines: NMHC emissions.
(3) Other engines: THC emissions.
(d) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards in paragraph (a) of this section over their full useful life
as described in Sec. 1054.107.
(e) Applicability for testing. The emission standards in this
subpart apply to all testing, including certification, production-line,
and in-use testing.

Sec. 1054.105 What exhaust emission standards must my nonhandheld engines

meet?

(a) Emission standards. Exhaust emissions from your engines may not
exceed the emission standards in Table 1 to this section. Measure
emissions using the applicable steady-state test procedures described in
subpart F of this part.

Table 1 to Sec. 1054.105--Phase 3 Emission Standards for Nonhandheld
Engines (g/kW-hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO standard
Primary CO for marine
Engine displacement class HC+NOX standard generator
engines
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class I.......................... 10.0 610 5.0
Class II......................... 8.0 610 5.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 558]]

instead of the standards specified in this section. An engine family
meets emission standards even if its family emission limit is higher
than the standard, as long as you show that the whole averaging set of
applicable engine families meets the emission standards using emission
credits, and the engines within the family meet the family emission
limit. The following FEL caps are the maximum values you may specify for
family emission limits:
(1) 40.0 g/kW-hr for Class I engines with displacement below 100 cc.
(2) 16.1 g/kW-hr for Class I engines with displacement at or above
100 cc.
(3) 12.1 for Class II engines.
(c) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply
for engines using the fuel type on which the engines in the emission
family are designed to operate. You must meet the numerical emission
standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on the following types
of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the following fuels:
(1) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions.
(2) Natural gas-fueled engines: NMHC emissions.
(3) Other engines: THC emissions.
(d) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards in paragraph (a) of this section over their full useful life
as described in Sec. 1054.107.
(e) Applicability for testing. The emission standards in this
subpart apply to all testing, including certification, production-line,
and in-use testing.

Sec. 1054.107 What is the useful life period for meeting exhaust emission

standards?

This section describes an engine family's useful life, which is the
period during which engines are required to comply with all emission
standards that apply. The useful life period is five years or a number
of hours of operation, whichever comes first, as described in this
section.
(a) Determine the useful life period for exhaust requirements as
follows:
(1) Except as specified in paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) of this
section, the useful life period for exhaust requirements is the number
of engine operating hours from Table 1 to this section that most closely
matches the expected median in-use life of your engines. The median in-
use life of your engine is the shorter of the following values:
(i) The median in-use life of equipment into which the engine is
expected to be installed.
(ii) The median in-use life of the engine without being scrapped or
rebuilt.

Table 1 to Sec. 1054.107--Nominal Useful Life Periods
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonhandheld
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Extended life
Residential residential Commercial
\1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class I......................................................... 125 250 500
Class II........................................................ 250 500 1,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Handheld
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light use Medium use Heavy use
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class III--V 50 125 300
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Or ``General Purpose.''

(2) You may select a longer useful life for nonhandheld engines than
that specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section in 100-hour
increments not to exceed 3,000 hours for Class I engines or 5,000 hours
for Class II engines. For engine families generating emission credits,
you may do this only with our approval. These are considered ``Heavy
Commercial'' engines.
(3) The minimum useful life period for engines with maximum engine
power above 19 kW is 1,000 hours (see Sec. 1054.1(d)).
(b) Keep any available information to support your selection and
make it available to us if we ask for it. We may require you to certify
to a different useful life value from the table if we determine that the
selected useful life

[[Page 559]]

value is not justified by the data. We may consider any relevant
information, including your product warranty statements and marketing
materials regarding engine life, in making this determination. We may
void your certificate if we determine that you intentionally selected an
incorrect value. Support your selection based on any of the following
information:
(1) Surveys of the life spans of the equipment in which the subject
engines are installed.
(2) Engineering evaluations of field aged engines to ascertain when
engine performance deteriorates to the point where usefulness and/or
reliability is impacted to a degree sufficient to necessitate overhaul
or replacement.
(3) Failure reports from engine customers.
(4) Engineering evaluations of the durability, in hours, of specific
engine technologies, engine materials, or engine designs.

Sec. 1054.110 What evaporative emission standards must my handheld equipment

meet?

The following evaporative emission requirements apply for handheld
equipment over a useful life of five years:
(a) Fuel line permeation. Nonmetal fuel lines must meet the
permeation requirements for EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines or EPA Cold-Weather
Fuel Lines as specified in 40 CFR 1060.102. These requirements apply
starting in the 2012 model year, except that they apply starting in the
2013 model year for emission families involving small-volume emission
families that are not used in cold-weather equipment. For fuel lines
used in cold-weather equipment, you may generate or use emission credits
to show compliance with these permeation standards through 2015 as
described in Sec. 1054.145(h).
(b) Tank permeation. Fuel tanks must meet the permeation
requirements specified in 40 CFR 1060.103. These requirements apply for
handheld equipment starting in the 2010 model year, except that they
apply starting in the 2011 model year for structurally integrated nylon
fuel tanks, in the 2012 model year for handheld equipment using
nonhandheld engines, and in the 2013 model year for all small-volume
emission families. For nonhandheld equipment using engines at or below
80 cc, the requirements of this paragraph (b) apply starting in the 2012
model year. (Note: 40 CFR 90.129 specifies emission standards for
certain 2009 model year engines and equipment.) You may generate or use
emission credits to show compliance with the requirements of this
paragraph (b) under the averaging, banking, and trading program as
described in subpart H of this part. FEL caps apply as specified in
Sec. 1054.112(b)(1) through (3) starting in the 2015 model year.
(c) Running loss. The running loss requirements specified in 40 CFR
part 1060 do not apply for handheld equipment.
(d) Other requirements. The provisions of 40 CFR 1060.101(e) and (f)
include general requirements that apply to all nonroad equipment subject
to evaporative emission standards.
(e) Engine manufacturers. To the extent that engine manufacturers
produce engines with fuel lines or fuel tanks, those fuel-system
components must meet the requirements specified in this section. The
timing of new standards is based on the date of manufacture of the
engine.

Sec. 1054.112 What evaporative emission standards must my nonhandheld

equipment meet?

The evaporative emission requirements of this section apply starting
in the 2011 model year for equipment using Class II engines and in the
2012 model year for equipment using Class I engines over a useful life
of five years. See Sec. 1054.110 for requirements that apply for
nonhandheld equipment using engines at or below 80 cc.
(a) Fuel line permeation. Nonmetal fuel lines must meet the
permeation requirements for EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines as specified in 40
CFR 1060.102.
(b) Tank permeation. Fuel tanks must meet the permeation
requirements specified in 40 CFR 1060.103. Equipment manufacturers may
generate or use emission credits to show compliance with the
requirements of this paragraph (b) under the averaging, banking, and
trading program as described in subpart H of this part. Starting in the
2014 model year for Class II equipment

[[Page 560]]

and in the 2015 model year for Class I equipment, the following FEL caps
represent the maximum values for family emission limits that you may use
for your fuel tanks:
(1) Except as specified in paragraphs (b)(2) of this section, you
may not use fuel tanks with a family emission limit that exceeds 5.0 g/
m\2\/day for testing at a nominal temperature of 28 [deg]C, or 8.3 g/
m\2\/day for testing at a nominal temperature of 40 [deg]C.
(2) For small-volume emission families, you may not use fuel tanks
with a family emission limit that exceeds 8.0 g/m\2\/day for testing at
a nominal temperature of 28 [deg]C, or 13.3 g/m\2\/day for testing at a
nominal temperature of 40 [deg]C.
(3) FEL caps do not apply to fuel caps that are certified separately
to meet permeation standards.
(c) Running loss. Running loss requirements apply as specified in 40
CFR 1060.104.
(d) Diurnal emissions. Nonhandheld equipment may optionally be
certified to the diurnal emission standards specified in 40 CFR
1060.105, in which case the permeation standards specified in paragraphs
(a) and (b) of this section do not apply.
(e) Other requirements. The provisions of 40 CFR 1060.101(e) and (f)
include general requirements that apply to all nonroad equipment subject
to evaporative emission standards.
(f) Engine manufacturers. To the extent that engine manufacturers
produce engines with fuel lines or fuel tanks, those fuel-system
components must meet the requirements specified in this section. The
timing of new standards is based on the date of manufacture of the
engine.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 73789, Dec. 4, 2008]

Sec. 1054.115 What other requirements apply?

The following requirements apply with respect to engines that are
required to meet the emission standards of this part:
(a) Crankcase emissions. Crankcase emissions may not be discharged
directly into the ambient atmosphere from any engine throughout its
useful life, except as follows:
(1) Snowthrower engines may discharge crankcase emissions to the
ambient atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust emissions
(either physically or mathematically) during all emission testing. If
you take advantage of this exception, you must do the following things:
(i) Manufacture the engines so that all crankcase emissions can be
routed into the applicable sampling systems specified in 40 CFR part
1065.
(ii) Account for deterioration in crankcase emissions when
determining exhaust deterioration factors.
(2) For purposes of this paragraph (a), crankcase emissions that are
routed to the exhaust upstream of exhaust aftertreatment during all
operation are not considered to be discharged directly into the ambient
atmosphere.
(b) Adjustable parameters. Engines that have adjustable parameters
must meet all the requirements of this part for any adjustment in the
physically adjustable range. An operating parameter is not considered
adjustable if you permanently seal it or if it is not normally
accessible using ordinary tools. We may require that you set adjustable
parameters to any specification within the adjustable range during any
testing, including certification testing, production-line testing, or
in-use testing. You may ask us to limit idle-speed or carburetor
adjustments to a smaller range than the physically adjustable range if
you show us that the engine will not be adjusted outside of this smaller
range during in-use operation without significantly degrading engine
performance.
(c) Altitude adjustments. Engines must meet applicable emission
standards for valid tests conducted under the ambient conditions
specified in 40 CFR 1065.520. Except as specified in Sec. 1054.145(c),
engines must meet applicable emission standards at all specified
atmospheric pressures, except that for atmospheric pressures below 94.0
kPa you may rely on an altitude kit for all testing if you meet the
requirements specified in Sec. 1054.205(r). If you rely on an altitude
kit for certification, you must identify in the owners manual the
altitude range for which you expect

[[Page 561]]

proper engine performance and emission control with and without the
altitude kit; you must also state in the owners manual that operating
the engine with the wrong engine configuration at a given altitude may
increase its emissions and decrease fuel efficiency and performance. See
Sec. 1054.145(c) for special provisions that apply for handheld
engines.
(d) Prohibited controls. You may not design your engines with
emission-control devices, systems, or elements of design that cause or
contribute to an unreasonable risk to public health, welfare, or safety
while operating. For example, this would apply if the engine emits a
noxious or toxic substance it would otherwise not emit that contributes
to such an unreasonable risk.
(e) Defeat devices. You may not equip your engines with a defeat
device. A defeat device is an auxiliary emission control device that
reduces the effectiveness of emission controls under conditions that the
engine may reasonably be expected to encounter during normal operation
and use. This does not apply for altitude kits installed or removed
consistent with Sec. 1054.655. This also does not apply to auxiliary
emission control devices you identify in your application for
certification if any of the following is true:
(1) The conditions of concern were substantially included in the
applicable duty-cycle test procedures described in subpart F of this
part.
(2) You show your design is necessary to prevent engine (or
equipment) damage or accidents.
(3) The reduced effectiveness applies only to starting the engine.

Sec. 1054.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?

The requirements of this section apply to the manufacturer
certifying with respect to exhaust emissions. See 40 CFR part 1060 for
the warranty requirements related to evaporative emissions.
(a) General requirements. You must warrant to the ultimate purchaser
and each subsequent purchaser that the new engine, including all parts
of its emission control system, meets two conditions:
(1) It is designed, built, and equipped so it conforms at the time
of sale to the ultimate purchaser with the requirements of this part.
(2) It is free from defects in materials and workmanship that may
keep it from meeting these requirements.
(b) Warranty period. Your emission-related warranty must be valid
during the periods specified in this paragraph (b). You may offer an
emission-related warranty more generous than we require. The emission-
related warranty for the engine may not be shorter than any published
warranty you offer without charge for the engine. Similarly, the
emission-related warranty for any component may not be shorter than any
published warranty you offer without charge for that component. If an
engine has no hour meter, we base the warranty periods in this paragraph
(b) only on the engine's age (in years). The warranty period begins on
the date of sale to the ultimate purchaser. The minimum warranty periods
are as follows:
(1) The minimum warranty period is two years except as allowed under
paragraph (b)(2) or (3) of this section.
(2) We may establish a shorter warranty period for handheld engines
subject to severe service in seasonal equipment if we determine that
these engines are likely to operate for a number of hours greater than
the applicable useful life within 24 months. You must request this
shorter warranty period in your application for certification or in an
earlier submission.
(3) For engines equipped with hour meters, you may deny warranty
claims for engines that have accumulated a number of hours greater than
50 percent of the applicable useful life.
(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all
components whose failure would increase an engine's emissions of any
regulated pollutant, including components listed in 40 CFR part 1068,
Appendix I, and components from any other system you develop to control
emissions. The emission-related warranty covers these components even if
another company produces the component. Your emission-related warranty
does not cover components whose failure would not

[[Page 562]]

increase an engine's emissions of any regulated pollutant.
(d) Limited applicability. You may deny warranty claims under this
section if the operator caused the problem through improper maintenance
or use, as described in 40 CFR 1068.115.
(e) Owners manual. Describe in the owners manual the emission-
related warranty provisions from this section that apply to the engine.
Include instructions for obtaining warranty service consistent with the
requirements of paragraph (f) of this section.
(f) Requirements related to warranty claims. You are required at a
minimum to meet the following conditions to ensure that owners will be
able to promptly obtain warranty repairs:
(1) You must provide and monitor a toll-free telephone number and an
e-mail address for owners to receive information about how to make a
warranty claim, and how to make arrangements for authorized repairs.
(2) You must provide a source of replacement parts within the United
States. For parts that you import, this requires you to have at least
one distributor within the United States.
(3) You must use one of the following methods to show that you will
generally be able to honor warranty claims:
(i) If you have authorized service centers in all U.S. population
centers with a population of 100,000 or more based on the 2000 census,
you may limit warranty repairs to these service providers.
(ii) You may limit warranty repairs to authorized service centers
for owners located within 100 miles of an authorized service center. For
owners located more than 100 miles from an authorized service center,
you must state in your warranty that you will either pay for shipping
costs to and from an authorized service center, provide for a service
technician to come to the owner to make the warranty repair, or pay for
the repair to be made at a local nonauthorized service center. The
provisions of this paragraph (f)(3)(ii) apply only for the contiguous
states, excluding the states with high-altitude areas identified in 40
CFR part 1068, Appendix III.
(iii) You may use the approach described in paragraphs (f)(3)(i) of
this section for some states and the approach described in paragraph
(f)(3)(ii) of this section for other states. However, you must have at
least one authorized service center in each state unless the whole state
is within 100 miles of authorized service centers in other states.
(4) If your plan for meeting the requirements of this paragraph (f)
does not include at least 100 authorized repair facilities in the United
States or at least one such facility for each 5,000 engines you sell in
the United States, you must also post a bond as described in Sec.
1054.690 to ensure that you will fulfill your warranty-repair
responsibilities even if you are not obligated to post a bond under that
section. Note that you may post a single bond to meet the requirements
of this section and Sec. 1054.690.

Sec. 1054.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

[[Page 563]]

occur if you satisfy any of the following conditions:
(i) You present data showing that any lack of maintenance that
increases emissions also unacceptably degrades the engine's performance.
(ii) You present survey data showing that at least 80 percent of
engines in the field get the maintenance you specify at the recommended
intervals. If the survey data show that 60 to 80 percent of engines in
the field get the maintenance you specify at the recommended intervals,
you may ask us to consider additional factors such as the effect on
performance and emissions. For example, we may allow you to schedule
fuel-injector replacement as critical emission-related maintenance if
you have survey data showing this is done at the recommended interval
for 65 percent of engines and you demonstrate that performance
degradation is roughly proportional to the degradation in emission
control for engines that do not have their fuel injectors replaced.
(iii) You provide the maintenance free of charge and clearly say so
in your maintenance instructions.
(iv) You otherwise show us that the maintenance is reasonably likely
to be done at the recommended intervals.
(2) You may schedule cleaning or changing air filters or changing
spark plugs at the least frequent interval described in the owners
manual. See Sec. 1054.245 for testing requirements related to these
maintenance steps.
(3) You may not schedule critical emission-related maintenance
within the useful life period for aftertreatment devices, pulse-air
valves, fuel injectors, oxygen sensors, electronic control units,
superchargers, or turbochargers, except as specified in paragraph (b) or
(c) of this section.
(4) You may ask us to approve a maintenance interval shorter than
that specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. In your request you
must describe the proposed maintenance step, recommend the maximum
feasible interval for this maintenance, include your rationale with
supporting evidence to support the need for the maintenance at the
recommended interval, and demonstrate that the maintenance will be done
at the recommended interval on in-use engines. In considering your
request, we will evaluate the information you provide and any other
available information to establish alternate specifications for
maintenance intervals, if appropriate.
(b) Recommended additional maintenance. You may recommend any
additional amount of maintenance on the components listed in paragraph
(a) of this section, as long as you state clearly that these maintenance
steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related warranty valid. If
operators do the maintenance specified in paragraph (a) of this section,
but not the recommended additional maintenance, this does not allow you
to disqualify those engines from in-use testing or deny a warranty
claim. Do not take these maintenance steps during service accumulation
on your emission-data engines.
(c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance
to address problems related to special situations, such as atypical
engine operation. You must clearly state that this additional
maintenance is associated with the special situation you are addressing.
We may disapprove your maintenance instructions if we determine that you
have specified special maintenance steps to address engine operation
that is not atypical, or that the maintenance is unlikely to occur in
use. If we determine that certain maintenance items do not qualify as
special maintenance under this paragraph (c), you may identify this as
recommended additional maintenance under paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Noncritical emission-related maintenance. Subject to the
provisions of this paragraph (d), you may schedule any amount of
emission-related inspection or maintenance that is not covered by
paragraph (a) of this section (i.e., maintenance that is neither
explicitly identified as critical emission-related maintenance, nor that
we approve as critical emission-related maintenance). Noncritical
emission-related maintenance generally includes re-seating valves,
removing combustion chamber deposits, or any other emission-related
maintenance on the components we specify in 40 CFR part 1068, Appendix I
that is not covered in paragraph (a) of

[[Page 564]]

this section. You must state in the owners manual that these steps are
not necessary to keep the emission-related warranty valid. If operators
fail to do this maintenance, this does not allow you to disqualify those
engines from in-use testing or deny a warranty claim. Do not take these
inspection or maintenance steps during service accumulation on your
emission-data engines.
(e) Maintenance that is not emission-related. For maintenance
unrelated to emission controls, you may schedule any amount of
inspection or maintenance. You may also take these inspection or
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data
engines, as long as they are reasonable and technologically necessary.
This might include adding engine oil, changing fuel or oil filters,
servicing engine-cooling systems, and adjusting idle speed, governor,
engine bolt torque, valve lash, or injector lash. You may perform this
nonemission-related maintenance on emission-data engines at the least
frequent intervals that you recommend to the ultimate purchaser (but not
the intervals recommended for severe service).
(f) Source of parts and repairs. State clearly on the first page of
your written maintenance instructions that a repair shop or person of
the owner's choosing may maintain, replace, or repair emission control
devices and systems. Your instructions may not require components or
service identified by brand, trade, or corporate name. Also, do not
directly or indirectly condition your warranty on a requirement that the
engine be serviced by your franchised dealers or any other service
establishments with which you have a commercial relationship. You may
disregard the requirements in this paragraph (f) if you do one of two
things:
(1) Provide a component or service without charge under the purchase
agreement.
(2) Get us to waive this prohibition in the public's interest by
convincing us the engine will work properly only with the identified
component or service.
(g) Payment for scheduled maintenance. Owners are responsible for
properly maintaining their engines. This generally includes paying for
scheduled maintenance. However, manufacturers must pay for scheduled
maintenance during the useful life if it meets all the following
criteria:
(1) Each affected component was not in general use on similar
engines before 1997.
(2) The primary function of each affected component is to reduce
emissions.
(3) Failure to perform the maintenance would not cause clear
problems that would significantly degrade the engine's performance.
(h) Owners manual. Explain the owner's responsibility for proper
maintenance in the owners manual.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23024, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1054.130 What installation instructions must I give to equipment

manufacturers?

(a) If you sell an engine for someone else to install in a piece of
equipment, give the engine installer instructions for installing it
consistent with the requirements of this part. Include all information
necessary to ensure that an engine will be installed in its certified
configuration.
(b) Make sure the instructions have the following information:
(1) Include the heading: ``Emission-related installation
instructions''.
(2) State: ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing a
certified engine in nonroad equipment violates federal law (40 CFR
1068.105(b)), subject to fines or other penalties as described in the
Clean Air Act.''
(3) Describe the instructions needed to properly install the exhaust
system and any other components. Include instructions consistent with
the requirements of Sec. 1054.655 related to altitude kits.
(4) Describe the steps needed to control evaporative emissions in
accordance with certificates of conformity that you hold. Include
instructions for connecting fuel lines as needed to prevent running loss
emissions, if applicable. Such instructions must include sufficient
detail to ensure that running loss control will not cause the engine to
exceed exhaust emission standards.

[[Page 565]]

For example, you may specify a maximum vapor flow rate under normal
operating conditions. Also include notification that the installer must
meet the requirements of Sec. 1054.112 and 40 CFR part 1060.
(5) Describe any limits on the range of applications needed to
ensure that the engine remains in its certified configuration after
installation. For example, if you certify engines only for rated-speed
applications tell equipment manufacturers that the engine must not be
installed in equipment involving intermediate-speed operation. Also, if
your wintertime engines are not certified to the otherwise applicable
HC+NOX standards, tell equipment manufacturers that the
engines must be installed in equipment that is used only in wintertime.
(6) Describe any other instructions to make sure the installed
engine will operate according to design specifications in your
application for certification. For example, this may include specified
limits for catalyst systems, such as exhaust backpressure, catalyst
location, and temperature profiles during engine operation.
(7) State: ``If you install the engine in a way that makes the
engine's emission control information label hard to read during normal
engine maintenance, you must place a duplicate label on the equipment,
as described in 40 CFR 1068.105.''
(c) You do not need installation instructions for engines you
install in your own equipment.
(d) Provide instructions in writing or in an equivalent format. For
example, you may post instructions on a publicly available Web site for
downloading or printing. If you do not provide the instructions in
writing, explain in your application for certification how you will
ensure that each installer is informed of the installation requirements.

Sec. 1054.135 How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

The provisions of this section apply to engine manufacturers.
(a) Assign each engine a unique identification number and
permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the engine in a legible way.
(b) At the time of manufacture, affix a permanent and legible label
identifying each engine. The label must be--
(1) Attached in one piece so it is not removable without being
destroyed or defaced.
(2) Secured to a part of the engine needed for normal operation and
not normally requiring replacement.
(3) Durable and readable for the engine's entire life.
(4) Written in English.
(c) The label must conform to the following specifications without
exception:
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may identify
another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you comply
with the provisions of Sec. 1054.640.
(3) Include EPA's standardized designation for the emission family
(and subfamily, where applicable).
(4) State the following based on the useful life requirements in
Sec. 1054.107: ``EMISSION COMPLIANCE PERIOD = [identify applicable
useful life period] HOURS''. In addition to specifying the hours, you
may optionally add the descriptive terms specified in Sec. 1054.107(a)
to characterize the useful life. You may use the term Heavy Commercial
for nonhandheld engines if you establish a longer useful life under
Sec. 1054.107(a)(2).
(5) State the engine's displacement (in cubic centimeters); however,
you may omit this from the label if all the engines in the emission
family have the same per-cylinder displacement and total displacement.
(6) State the date of manufacture [DAY (optional), MONTH, and YEAR];
however, you may omit this from the label if you stamp, engrave, or
otherwise permanently identify it elsewhere on the engine, in which case
you must also describe in your application for certification where you
will identify the date on the engine.
(7) Identify the emission control system. Use terms and
abbreviations as described in 40 CFR 1068.45. You may omit this
information from the label if there is not enough room for it and you
put it in the owners manual instead.

[[Page 566]]

(8) Include one of the following statements:
(i) If you certify the engine only with respect to exhaust
emissions, state--

``THIS ENGINE MEETS U.S. EPA EXH REGS FOR [MODEL YEAR].''

(ii) If you certify the engine with respect to exhaust emissions and
the equipment with respect to evaporative emissions, state--

``THIS ENGINE MEETS U.S. EPA EXH/EVP REGS FOR [MODEL YEAR].''

(d) The following information may be included on the label or in the
owners manual:
(1) List specifications and adjustments for engine tuneups.
(2) Identify the altitude at which an altitude kit should be
installed if you specify an altitude kit under Sec. 1054.115(c).
(3) Identify the fuel type and any requirements for fuel and
lubricants.
(4) If your nonhandheld engines are certified for use only at rated
speed or only at intermediate speed, add the statement: ``CERTIFIED FOR
[rated-speed or intermediate-speed] APPLICATIONS ONLY'' or ``CERTIFIED
FOR [identify nominal engine speed or range of speeds for testing]
OPERATION ONLY''.
(e) You may add information to the emission control information
label as follows:
(1) You may identify other emission standards that the engine meets
or does not meet (such as California standards). You may include this
information by adding it to the statement we specify or by including a
separate statement.
(2) You may add other information to ensure that the engine will be
properly maintained and used.
(3) You may add appropriate features to prevent counterfeit labels.
For example, you may include the engine's unique identification number
on the label.
(f) Except for the labeling requirements specified in paragraph (c)
of this section, you may ask us to approve modified labeling
requirements in this part 1054 if you show that it is necessary or
appropriate. We will approve your request if your alternate label is
consistent with the requirements of this part.
(g) If others install your engine in their equipment in a way that
obscures the engine label such that the label cannot be read during
normal maintenance, we require them to add a duplicate label on the
equipment (see 40 CFR 1068.105). If equipment manufacturers request it,
send them labels that include all the information from the original
label and that are clearly identified as duplicate labels. You may omit
the date of manufacture from the duplicate label. Keep a written record
of each request for five years after it is no longer needed for ongoing
production.
(h) Integrated equipment manufacturers certifying their engines and
equipment with respect to both exhaust and evaporative emission
standards may meet labeling requirements with a single label that has
all the required information specified in this section and in 40 CFR
1060.135.

Sec. 1054.140 What is my engine's maximum engine power and displacement?

This section describes how to quantify your engine's maximum engine
power and displacement for the purposes of this part.
(a) An engine configuration's maximum engine power is the maximum
brake power point on the nominal power curve for the engine
configuration, as defined in this section. Round the power value to the
nearest 0.1 kilowatts for nonhandheld engines and to the nearest 0.01
kilowatts for handheld engines. The nominal power curve of an engine
configuration is the relationship between maximum available engine brake
power and engine speed for an engine, using the mapping procedures of 40
CFR part 1065, based on the manufacturer's design and production
specifications for the engine. For handheld engines, we may allow
manufacturers to base the nominal power curve on other mapping
procedures, consistent with good engineering judgment. This information
may also be expressed by a torque curve that relates maximum available
engine torque with

[[Page 567]]

engine speed. Note that maximum engine power is based on engines and
installed engine governors; equipment designs that further limit engine
operation do not change maximum engine power.
(b) An engine configuration's displacement is the intended swept
volume of all the engine's cylinders. The swept volume of the engine is
the product of the internal cross-section area of the cylinders, the
stroke length, and the number of cylinders. Calculate the engine's
intended swept volume from the design specifications for the cylinders
using enough significant figures to allow determination of the
displacement to the nearest 0.1 cc. Determine the final value by
rounding to the nearest cubic centimeter. For example, for a one-
cylinder engine with circular cylinders having an internal diameter of
6.00 cm and a 6.25 cm stroke length, the rounded displacement would be:
(1) x (6.00/2) \2\ x ([pi]) x (6.25) = 177 cc.
(c) The nominal power curve and intended swept volume must be within
the range of the actual power curves and swept volumes of production
engines considering normal production variability. If after production
begins it is determined that either your nominal power curve or your
intended swept volume does not represent production engines, we may
require you to amend your application for certification under Sec.
1054.225.

Sec. 1054.145 Are there interim provisions that apply only for a limited

time?

The provisions in this section apply instead of other provisions in
this part. This section describes how and when these interim provisions
apply.
(a) Delayed Phase 3 implementation for engine manufacturers. Small-
volume engine manufacturers may delay complying with the Phase 3 exhaust
emission standards and requirements that would otherwise apply, subject
to the following conditions:
(1) You may delay meeting the Phase 3 exhaust emission standards
until 2013 for Class II engines and until 2014 for Class I engines. The
running loss standards in Sec. 1054.112 also do not apply to engines
exempted under this paragraph (a), or to equipment using these engines.
(2) You must certify your engines exempted under this section to the
Phase 2 standards and requirements specified in 40 CFR 90.103 and
summarized in Appendix I of this part. You must meet the labeling
requirements in 40 CFR 90.114, but use the following compliance
statement instead of the compliance statement in 40 CFR 90.114(c)(7):
``THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR [CURRENT MODEL
YEAR] NONROAD ENGINES UNDER 40 CFR 1054.145(a).''
(3) After the delays indicated in paragraph (a)(1) of this section,
you must comply with the same standards and requirements as all other
manufacturers except as noted elsewhere in this section.
(4) The provisions of this paragraph (a) may not be used to
circumvent the requirements of this part.
(5) You may continue to generate early credits during this two-year
period as described under Sec. 1054.740 as if the Phase 3 emission
standards applied starting in the 2013 model year for Class II engines
and in the 2014 model year for Class I engines.
(b) Delayed Phase 3 implementation for equipment manufacturers. The
provisions of Sec. 1054.625 describe how manufacturers may produce
certain numbers of equipment using Class II engines that meet Phase 2
standards during the first four years that the Phase 3 standards apply.
(c) Special provisions for handheld engines. The following
provisions apply for handheld engines:
(1) You may use the provisions in 40 CFR 90.104(g) to rely on
assigned deterioration factors for small-volume engine manufacturers and
for small-volume engine families.
(2) You may perform maintenance on emission-data engines during
service accumulation as described in 40 CFR part 90. If your scheduled
emission-related maintenance falls within 10 hours of a test point,
delay the maintenance until the engine reaches the test point. Measure
emissions before and after peforming the maintenance. Use the average
values from these two measurements to calculate deterioration factors.
The emission-data engine must

[[Page 568]]

meet applicable emission standards before and after maintenance to be
considered in compliance, as described in Sec. 1054.240(a) and (b).
(3) Engines subject to Phase 3 emission standards must meet the
standards at or above barometric pressures of 96.0 kPa in the standard
configuration and are not required to meet emission standards at lower
barometric pressures. This is intended to allow testing under most
weather conditions at all altitudes up to 1,100 feet above sea level. In
your application for certification, identify the altitude above which
you rely on an altitude kit to meet emission standards and describe your
plan for making information and parts available such that you would
reasonably expect that altitude kits would be widely used at all such
altitudes.
(d) Alignment of model years for exhaust and evaporative standards.
Evaporative emission standards generally apply based on the model year
of the equipment, which is determined by the equipment's date of final
assembly. However, in the first year of new emission standards,
equipment manufacturers may apply evaporative emission standards based
on the model year of the engine as shown on the engine's emission
control information label. For example, for the fuel line permeation
standards starting in 2012, equipment manufacturers may order a batch of
2011 model year engines for installation in 2012 model year equipment,
subject to the anti-stockpiling provisions of 40 CFR 1068.105(a). The
equipment with the 2011 model year engines would not need to meet fuel
line permeation standards, as long as the equipment is fully assembled
by December 31, 2012.
(e) Early compliance with evaporative emission standards--
nonhandheld equipment manufacturers. You may produce nonhandheld
equipment that does not meet the otherwise applicable evaporative
emission standards without violating the prohibition in 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1) if you earn evaporative emission allowances, as follows:
(1) You may earn an evaporative emission allowance from each piece
of equipment certified to California's evaporative emission standards by
producing it before the requirements of this part start to apply and
selling it outside of California. You may use an evaporative emission
allowance by selling one piece of equipment that does not meet any EPA
evaporative emission standards even though it is subject to the EPA
standards. The early-compliant equipment must be covered by an EPA
certificate of conformity (see 40 CFR 1060.105(e)).
(2) You may earn an evaporative emission allowance with respect to
fuel tank permeation from each piece of equipment certified to EPA's
evaporative emission standards by selling it outside of California or in
an application that is preempted from California's standards before
EPA's fuel tank permeation standards start to apply. The early-compliant
fuel tanks must be covered by an EPA certificate of conformity, though
you may demonstrate compliance based on the specifications and
procedures adopted by the California Air Resources Board. You may use an
evaporative emission allowance by selling one piece of equipment with a
fuel tank that does not meet the EPA emission standards that would
otherwise apply. For example, you can earn an evaporative emission
allowance by selling a low-permeation fuel tank for Class II equipment
before the 2011 model year, in which case you could sell a piece of
Class II equipment in 2011 with a high-permeation fuel tank. You may not
generate allowances under this paragraph (e)(2) based on your sales of
metal fuel tanks.
(3) Evaporative emission allowances you earn under this paragraph
(e) from equipment with Class I engines may be used only for other
equipment with Class I engines. Similarly, evaporative emission
allowances you earn under this paragraph (e) from equipment with Class
II engines may be used only for other equipment with Class II engines.
(4) You must label any equipment using allowances under this
paragraph (e) with the following statement: ``EXEMPT FROM EVAPORATIVE
STANDARDS UNDER 40 CFR 1054.145(e)''.
(5) You may not use the allowances you generate under this paragraph
(e) for 2014 and later model year equipment with Class II engines or for
2015 and later model year equipment with Class I engines.

[[Page 569]]

(6) Send the Designated Compliance Officer the following information
for each year in which you use the provisions of this paragraph (e):
(i) Send us a report within 45 days after the end of the model year
describing how many pieces of equipment you produced in the preceding
model year that generate allowances. You may combine this with the
reports specified in Sec. 1054.250(a) if applicable.
(ii) Describe the number of equipment using allowances under this
paragraph (e) in your end-of-year reports and final reports after the
end of the model year as described in Sec. 1054.730(a). If you do not
participate in the averaging, banking, and trading program, send this
information separately within 90 days after the end of the model year.
(f) Early banking for evaporative emission standards--handheld
equipment manufacturers. You may earn emission credits for handheld
equipment you produce before the evaporative emission standards of Sec.
1054.110 apply. To do this, your equipment must use fuel tanks with a
family emission limit below 1.5 g/m\2\/day (or 2.5 g/m\2\/day for
testing at 40 [deg]C). Calculate your credits as described in Sec.
1054.706 based on the difference between the family emission limit and
1.5 g/m\2\/day (or 2.5 g/m\2\/day for testing at 40 [deg]C).
(g) Useful life for evaporative emission standards. (1) A useful
life period of two years applies for fuel tanks or fuel caps certified
to meet permeation emission standards in 2013 and earlier model years.
However, for fuel tanks with a family emission limit above or below the
specified emission standard, calculate emission credits under Sec.
1054.706 based on a useful life of five years.
(2) A useful life period of two years applies for cold-weather fuel
lines certified to meet permeation emission standards in 2012 and 2013.
However, for fuel lines with a family emission limit above or below the
specified emission standard, calculate emission credits under Sec.
1054.706 based on a useful life of five years.
(h) Emission credit program for cold-weather fuel lines. In the 2012
through 2015 model years, certifying equipment manufacturers may
generate or use emission credits for averaging to show compliance with
the permeation standards for cold-weather fuel lines, but not for
banking or trading, as follows:
(1) To generate or use emission credits, apply the provisions of
subpart H of this part as they apply for fuel tanks except as specified
in this paragraph (h). For example, calculate emission credits based on
the internal surface area of the fuel lines and a five-year useful life,
even if the standards apply temporarily over a shorter useful life.
(2) Establish an FEL for each emission family based on emission
measurements as specified in 40 CFR 1060.515. The FEL may not exceed 400
g/m\2\/day for any emission family.
(3) Use an adjustment factor (AF) of 1.0 for calculating credits.
(4) Cold-weather fuel lines are in a separate averaging set, which
means you may not exchange emission credits between fuel tanks and fuel
lines.
(i) Use of California data for handheld fuel tank permeation. If you
certified handheld fuel tanks to the permeation standards in 40 CFR
90.129 based on emission measurements for demonstrating compliance with
emission standards for California, you may continue to comply with the
provisions of 40 CFR 90.129 instead of the provisions of Sec.
1054.110(b) for the 2010 and 2011 model years, provided that we allow
you to use carryover emission data under 40 CFR 1060.235(e) for your
emission family.
(j) Continued use of 40 CFR part 90 test procedures. You may use the
test procedures for measuring exhaust emissions in 40 CFR part 90
instead of those in subpart F of this part for 2010 through 2012 model
years. This applies for certification, production-line, and in-use
testing. You may continue to use data based on the test procedures in 40
CFR part 90 for engine families in 2013 and later model years, provided
that we allow you to use carryover emission data under 40 CFR
1054.235(d) for your emission family. You may also use the test
procedures for measuring exhaust emissions in 40 CFR part 90 for
production-line testing with any engine family whose certification is
based on testing with those procedures.
(k) Carryover of exhaust emission data from Californa ARB
procedures. You may certify your engines through the 2012

[[Page 570]]

model year based on exhaust emission data you previously submitted to
California ARB. This applies for certification and production-line
testing. This paragraph (k) no longer applies starting with the 2013
model year. Note that other regulatory provisions may allow you to use
data from California ARB for EPA certification in certain circumstances.
(l) [Reserved]
(m) Delayed compliance for rotation-molded fuel tanks. (1) You may
produce limited numbers of 2011 and 2012 model year equipment with
rotation-molded fuel tanks that do not meet permeation emission
standards specified in Sec. 1054.112(b) and 40 CFR 1060.103, subject to
the following provisions:
(i) You may use allowances under this paragraph (m) only for Class
II equipment models using identical fuel tanks such that the production
volumes of the fuel tank design used in such equipment is no more than
5,000 units in the 2011 and 2012 model years, with a total corporate
allowance of 10,000 units in 2012. If production volumes are greater
than 5,000 for a given fuel tank design (or greater than 10,000
corporate-wide in the 2012 model year), all those tanks must comply with
emission standards. Tanks are generally considered identical if they are
produced under a single part number to conform to a single design or
blueprint. Tanks should be considered identical if they differ only with
respect to production variability, post-production changes (such as
different fittings or grommets), supplier, color, or other extraneous
design variables. The limit of 5,000 units for a given fuel tank design
applies together for the total production from any parent or subsidiary
companies.
(ii) Include the following statement on the emission label specified
in 40 CFR 1060.135: ``EXEMPT FROM TANK PERMEATION STANDARDS UNDER 40 CFR
1054.145''.
(iii) You must keep records to demonstrate that you do not exceed
the specified production volumes. Identify the number of exempted
equipment you produced from each model and from each production
facility.
(iv) You may not apply the provisions of this paragraph (m) for fuel
tanks that are not rotation-molded or for equipment that is not powered
by a Class II engine.
(2) Fuel tank manufacturers may produce exempted fuel tanks as
needed for equipment manufacturers under this paragraph (m) without our
prior approval. Fuel tank manufacturers must keep records of the number
of exempted fuel tanks sold to each equipment manufacturer.
(3) Equipment you produce under this paragraph (m) are exempt from
the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) with respect to fuel tank
permeation emissions, subject to the provisions of this paragraph (m).
However, producing more exempted equipment than we allow under this
paragraph (m) violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
Equipment manufacturers and fuel tank manufacturers must keep the
records we require under this paragraph (m) until at least December 31,
2016 and give them to us if we ask for them (see 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2)).
(n) Ethanol-blended test fuel for nonhandheld engines. During the
first two years of the Phase 3 standards, if you use an ethanol-blended
test fuel for certifying a given engine family as described in Sec.
1054.501(b)(2), we will also use the blended fuel for testing engines
from that engine family, whether or not you use the blended fuel for
certifying all your Class I (or Class II) engine families in that model
year.
(o) Interim bonding provisions. Through 2012, the maximum value of
the bond under Sec. 1054.690 is $10 million. This maximum value applies
without adjustment for inflation.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23025, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart C_Certifying Emission Families

Sec. 1054.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate

of conformity?

[[Page 571]]

The following general requirements apply for obtaining a certificate of
conformity:
(a) You must send us a separate application for a certificate of
conformity for each engine family. A certificate of conformity is valid
starting with the indicated effective date but it is not valid for any
production after December 31 of the model year for which it is issued.
No certificate will be issued after December 31 of the model year. If
you certify with respect to both exhaust and evaporative emissions, you
must submit separate applications.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part and must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see Sec. 1054.255).
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this subpart as long as you maintain all the information required by
Sec. 1054.250.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.
(f) See Sec. 1054.255 for provisions describing how we will process
your application.
(g) We may require you to deliver your test engines to a facility we
designate for our testing (see Sec. 1054.235(c)).
(h) For engines that become new after being placed into service,
such as engines converted to run on a different fuel, we may specify
alternate certification provisions consistent with the intent of this
part. See Sec. 1054.645 and the definition of ``new nonroad engine'' in
Sec. 1054.801.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23025, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1054.205 What must I include in my application?

This section specifies the information that must be in your
application, unless we ask you to include less information under Sec.
1054.201(c). We may require you to provide additional information to
evaluate your application. The provisions of this section apply to
integrated equipment manufacturers and engine manufacturers selling
loose engines. Nonintegrated equipment manufacturers must follow the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1060.
(a) Describe the emission family's specifications and other basic
parameters of the engine's design and emission controls. List the fuel
type on which your engines are designed to operate (for example, all-
season gasoline). List each distinguishable engine configuration in the
emission family. For each engine configuration in which the maximum
modal power of the emission-data engine is at or above 25 kW (or power
at or above 15 kW if displacement is above 1000 cc), list the maximum
engine power and the range of values for maximum engine power resulting
from production tolerances, as described in Sec. 1054.140.
(b) Explain how the emission control systems operate. Describe the
evaporative emission controls and show how your design will prevent
running loss emissions, if applicable. Also describe in detail all
system components for controlling exhaust emissions, including all
auxiliary emission control devices (AECDs) and all fuel-system
components you will install on any production or test engine. Identify
the part number of each component you describe. For this paragraph (b),
treat as separate AECDs any devices that modulate or activate
differently from each other. Include sufficient detail to allow us to
evaluate whether the AECDs are consistent with the defeat device
prohibition of Sec. 1054.115. For example, if your engines will
routinely experience in-use operation that differs from the specified
duty cycle for certification, describe how the fuel-metering system
responds to varying speeds and loads not represented by the duty cycle.
If you test an emission-data engine by disabling the governor for full-
load operation such that the engine operates at an air-fuel ratio
significantly different than under full-load operation with an installed
governor, explain why these differences are necessary or appropriate.
For conventional carbureted engines without electronic fuel controls, it
is sufficient to state that there is no significant difference in air-
fuel ratios.
(c) [Reserved]

[[Page 572]]

(d) Describe the engines, equipment, and fuel system components you
selected for testing and the reasons for selecting them.
(e) Describe the test equipment and procedures that you used,
including any special or alternate test procedures you used. For
handheld engines, describe how you selected the value for rated speed.
(f) Describe how you operated the emission-data engine before
testing, including the duty cycle and the number of engine operating
hours used to stabilize emission levels. Explain why you selected the
method of service accumulation. Describe any scheduled maintenance you
did.
(g) List the specifications of the test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges we specify in 40 CFR part 1065.
(h) Identify the emission family's useful life. Describe the basis
for selecting useful life values with respect to exhaust emissions (see
Sec. 1054.107).
(i) Include the maintenance and warranty instructions you will give
to the ultimate purchaser of each new engine (see Sec. Sec. 1054.120
and 1054.125). Describe your basis for meeting the warranty-assurance
provisions in Sec. 1054.120(f). Describe your recall repair network if
it is different than your warranty repair network. State that you will
post a bond as specified in Sec. 1054.120(f) and 1054.690 or describe
why those requirements do not apply.
(j) Include the emission-related installation instructions you will
provide if someone else installs your engines in nonroad equipment (see
Sec. 1054.130).
(k) Describe your emission control information label (see Sec.
1054.135).
(l) Identify the emission standards or FELs for the emission family.
(m) Identify the emission family's deterioration factors and
describe how you developed them (see Sec. 1054.245). Present any
emission test data you used for this.
(n) State that you operated your emission-data engines as described
in the application (including the test procedures, test parameters, and
test fuels) to show you meet the requirements of this part.
(o) Present emission data to show that you meet exhaust emission
standards, as follows:
(1) Present emission data for hydrocarbons (such as THC, THCE, or
NMHC, as applicable), NOX, and CO on an emission-data engine
to show your engines meet the applicable exhaust emission standards as
specified in Sec. 1054.101. Show emission figures before and after
applying deterioration factors for each engine. Include test data from
each applicable duty cycle specified in Sec. 1054.505(b). If we specify
more than one grade of any fuel type (for example, low-temperature and
all-season gasoline), you need to submit test data only for one grade,
unless the regulations of this part specify otherwise for your engine.
(2) Note that Sec. Sec. 1054.235 and 1054.245 allow you to submit
an application in certain cases without new emission data.
(p) Report test results as follows:
(1) Report all test results involving measurement of pollutants for
which emission standards apply. Include test results from invalid tests
or from any other tests, whether or not they were conducted according to
the test procedures of subpart F of this part. We may ask you to send
other information to confirm that your tests were valid under the
requirements of this part and 40 CFR parts 1060 and 1065.
(2) Report measured CO2, N2O, and
CH4 as described in Sec. 1054.235. Small-volume engine
manufacturers may omit reporting N2O and CH4.
(q) Describe all adjustable operating parameters (see Sec.
1054.115(b)), including production tolerances. Include the following in
your description of each parameter:
(1) The nominal or recommended setting.
(2) The intended physically adjustable range.
(3) The limits or stops used to establish adjustable ranges.
(4) Information showing why the limits, stops, or other means of
inhibiting adjustment are effective in preventing adjustment of
parameters on in-use engines to settings outside your intended
physically adjustable ranges.

[[Page 573]]

(r) Describe how your nonhandheld engines comply with emission
standards at varying atmospheric pressures. Include a description of
altitude kits you design to comply with the requirements of Sec.
1054.115(c). Identify the part number of each component you describe.
Identify the altitude range for which you expect proper engine
performance and emission control with and without the altitude kit.
State that your engines will comply with applicable emission standards
throughout the useful life with the altitude kit installed according to
your instructions. Describe any relevant testing, engineering analysis,
or other information in sufficient detail to support your statement. In
addition, describe your plan for making information and parts available
such that you would reasonably expect that altitude kits would be widely
used in the high-altitude counties specified in 40 CFR part 1068,
Appendix III. For example, engine owners should have ready access to
information describing when an altitude kit is needed and how to obtain
this service. Similarly, parts and service information should be
available to qualified service facilities in addition to authorized
service centers if that is needed for owners to have such altitude kits
installed locally.
(s) If your engines are subject to handheld emission standards on
the basis of meeting weight limitations described in the definition of
``handheld'' in Sec. 1054.801, describe your analysis showing that you
meet the applicable weight-related restrictions.
(t) State whether your certification is limited for certain engines.
If this is the case, describe how you will prevent use of these engines
in applications for which they are not certified. This applies for
engines such as the following:
(1) Wintertime engines not certified to the specified
HC+NOX standard.
(2) Two-stroke snowthrower engines using the provisions of Sec.
1054.101(d).
(u) Unconditionally certify that all the engines in the emission
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.
(v) Include good-faith estimates of U.S.-directed production
volumes. Include a justification for the estimated production volumes if
they are substantially different than actual production volumes in
earlier years for similar models. Also indicate whether you expect the
engine family to contain only nonroad engines, only stationary engines,
or both.
(w) State that you will post a bond as specified in Sec. 1054.690
or describe why those requirements do not apply.
(x) Include the information required by other subparts of this part.
For example, include the information required by Sec. 1054.725 if you
participate in the ABT program.
(y) Include other applicable information, such as information
specified in this part or 40 CFR part 1068 related to requests for
exemptions.
(z) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.
(aa) For imported engines or equipment, identify the following:
(1) The port(s) at which you have imported your engines (or
equipment containing your engines) over the previous 12 months.
(2) The names and addresses of the agents you have authorized to
import your engines or equipment.
(3) The location of a test facility in the United States where you
can test your engines if we select them for testing under a selective
enforcement audit, as specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart E.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56511, Oct. 30, 2009; 75
FR 23025, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1054.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my

application?

If you send us information before you finish the application, we
will review it and make any appropriate determinations, especially for
questions related to emission family definitions, auxiliary emission
control devices, deterioration factors, useful life, testing for service
accumulation, maintenance, and delegated final assembly. Decisions made
under this section are considered to be preliminary approval, subject to

[[Page 574]]

final review and approval. We will generally not reverse a decision
where we have given you preliminary approval, unless we find new
information supporting a different decision. If you request preliminary
approval related to the upcoming model year or the model year after
that, we will make the appropriate determinations as soon as
practicable. We will generally not provide preliminary approval related
to a future model year more than two years ahead of time.

Sec. 1054.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?

You may amend your emission-related maintenance instructions after
you submit your application for certification as long as the amended
instructions remain consistent with the provisions of Sec. 1054.125.
You must send the Designated Compliance Officer a written request to
amend your application for certification for an engine family if you
want to change the emission-related maintenance instructions in a way
that could affect emissions. In your request, describe the proposed
changes to the maintenance instructions. If operators follow the
original maintenance instructions rather than the newly specified
maintenance, this does not allow you to disqualify those engines from
in-use testing or deny a warranty claim.
(a) If you are decreasing or eliminating any specified maintenance,
you may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your customers 30
days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove your request.
This would generally include replacing one maintenance step with
another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.
(b) If your requested change would not decrease the specified
maintenance, you may distribute the new maintenance instructions anytime
after you send your request. For example, this paragraph (b) would cover
adding instructions to increase the frequency of filter changes for
engines in severe-duty applications.
(c) You need not request approval if you are making only minor
corrections (such as correcting typographical mistakes), clarifying your
maintenance instructions, or changing instructions for maintenance
unrelated to emission control. We may ask you to send us copies of
maintenance instructions revised under this paragraph (c).

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23025, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1054.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new

or modified engines or fuel systems or change an FEL?

Before we issue you a certificate of conformity, you may amend your
application to include new or modified engine or fuel-system
configurations, subject to the provisions of this section. After we have
issued your certificate of conformity, you may send us an amended
application requesting that we include new or modified configurations
within the scope of the certificate, subject to the provisions of this
section. You must amend your application if any changes occur with
respect to any information included in your application.
(a) You must amend your application before you take any of the
following actions:
(1) Add an engine or fuel-system configuration to an emission
family. In this case, the configuration added must be consistent with
other configurations in the emission family with respect to the criteria
listed in Sec. 1054.230.
(2) Change a configuration already included in an emission family in
a way that may affect emissions, or change any of the components you
described in your application for certification. This includes
production and design changes that may affect emissions any time during
the engine's lifetime.
(3) Modify an FEL for an emission family with respect to exhaust
emissions as described in paragraph (f) of this section.
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the Designated
Compliance Officer the following information:
(1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the model or
configuration you intend to make.

[[Page 575]]

(2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended
emission family complies with all applicable requirements. You may do
this by showing that the original emission-data engine or emission-data
equipment is still appropriate for showing that the amended family
complies with all applicable requirements.
(3) If the original emission-data engine for the engine family is
not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified engine
configuration, include new test data showing that the new or modified
engine configuration meets the requirements of this part.
(c) We may ask for more test data or engineering evaluations. You
must give us these within 30 days after we request them.
(d) For emission families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, we will determine whether the existing certificate of
conformity covers your new or modified configuration. You may ask for a
hearing if we deny your request (see Sec. 1054.820).
(e) For emission families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified configuration
anytime after you send us your amended application and before we make a
decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, if we determine
that the affected configurations do not meet applicable requirements, we
will notify you to cease production of the configurations and may
require you to recall the engine or equipment at no expense to the
owner. Choosing to produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed to
be consent to recall all engines or equipment that we determine do not
meet applicable emission standards or other requirements and to remedy
the nonconformity at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide
information required under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days
after we request it, you must stop producing the new or modified engine
or equipment.
(f) You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL with respect to
exhaust emissions in certain cases after the start of production. The
changed FEL may not apply to engines you have already introduced into
U.S. commerce, except as described in this paragraph (f). If we approve
a changed FEL after the start of production, you must identify the date
or serial number for applying the new FEL. If you identify this by month
and year, we will consider that a lowered FEL applies on the last day of
the month and a raised FEL applies on the first day of the month. You
may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in the following cases:
(1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your emission family at any
time. In your request, you must show that you will still be able to meet
the emission standards as specified in subparts B and H of this part. If
you amend your application by submitting new test data to include a
newly added or modified engine, as described in paragraph (b)(3) of this
section, use the appropriate FELs with corresponding production volumes
to calculate emission credits for the model year, as described in
subpart H of this part. In all other circumstances, you must use the
higher FEL for the entire family to calculate emission credits under
subpart H of this part.
(2) You may ask to lower the FEL for your emission family only if
you have test data from production engines showing that emissions are
below the proposed lower FEL. The lower FEL does not apply to engines
you produce before the new FEL starts to apply, as specified in this
paragraph (f). Use the appropriate FELs with corresponding production
volumes to calculate emission credits for the model year, as described
in subpart H of this part.

Sec. 1054.230 How do I select emission families?

[[Page 576]]

special provisions that apply for dual-fuel engines.
(2) The cooling system (liquid-cooled vs. air-cooled).
(3) Valve configuration (for example, side-valve vs. overhead
valve).
(4) Method of air aspiration (for example, turbocharged vs.
naturally aspirated).
(5) The number, location, volume, and composition of catalytic
converters.
(6) The number and arrangement of cylinders (such as in-line or vee
configuration) and approximate total displacement.
(7) Engine class, as defined in Sec. 1054.801.
(8) Method of control for engine operation, other than governing
(mechanical or electronic).
(9) The numerical level of the applicable emission standards. For
example, an engine family may not include engines certified to different
family emission limits, though you may change family emission limits
without recertifying as specified in Sec. 1054.225.
(10) Useful life.
(c) You may subdivide a group that is identical under paragraph (b)
of this section into different emission families if you show the
expected emission characteristics are different during the useful life.
(d) You may group engines that are not identical with respect to the
things listed in paragraph (b) of this section into the same emission
family, as follows:
(1) In unusual circumstances, you may group such engines into the
same emission family if you show that their emission characteristics
during the useful life will be similar.
(2) If you are a small-volume engine manufacturer, you may group any
nonhandheld engines with the same useful life that are subject to the
same emission standards into a single emission family.
(3) The provisions of this paragraph (d) do not exempt any engines
from meeting all the applicable standards and requirements in subpart B
of this part.
(e) Select test engines from the emission family as described in 40
CFR 1065.401.
(f) You may combine engines from different classes into a single
emission family under paragraph (d)(1) of this section if you certify
the emission family to the more stringent set of standards from the two
classes in that model year.
(g) You may certify dual-fuel or flexible-fuel engines in a single
engine family. You may include dedicated-fuel versions of this same
engine model in the same engine family, as long as they are identical to
the engine configuration with respect to that fuel type for the dual-
fuel or flexible-fuel version of the engine. For example, if you produce
an engine that can alternately run on gasoline and natural gas, you can
include the gasoline-only and natural gas-only versions of the engine in
the same engine family as the dual-fuel engine if engine operation on
each fuel type is identical with or without installation of components
for operating on the other fuel.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23025, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1054.235 What exhaust emission testing must I perform for my application

for a certificate of conformity?

This section describes the exhaust emission testing you must perform
to show compliance with the emission standards in Sec. Sec. 1054.103
and 1054.105. See Sec. Sec. 1054.240 and 1054.245 and 40 CFR part 1065,
subpart E, regarding service accumulation before emission testing.
(a) Select an emission-data engine from each engine family for
testing as described in 40 CFR 1065.401. Select a configuration that is
most likely to exceed the HC+NOX standard, using good
engineering judgment. Configurations must be tested as they will be
produced, including installed governors, if applicable.
(b) Test your emission-data engines using the procedures and
equipment specified in subpart F of this part. In the case of dual-fuel
engines, measure emissions when operating with each type of fuel for
which you intend to certify the engine. In the case of flexible-fuel
engines, measure emissions when operating with the fuel mixture that is
most likely to cause the engine to exceed the applicable
HC+NOX emission standard, though you may ask us

[[Page 577]]

to exclude fuel mixtures that you can show are not likely to occur in
use.
(c) We may measure emissions from any of your emission-data engines
or other engines from the emission family, as follows:
(1) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other
facility. If we do this, you must deliver the engine to a test facility
we designate. The engine you provide must include appropriate manifolds,
aftertreatment devices, electronic control units, and other emission-
related components not normally attached directly to the engine block.
If we do the testing at your plant, you must schedule it as soon as
possible and make available the instruments, personnel, and equipment we
need.
(2) If we measure emissions on one of your engines, the results of
that testing become the official emission results for the engine.
(3) We may set the adjustable parameters of your engine to any point
within the physically adjustable ranges (see Sec. 1054.115(b)).
(4) We may calibrate your engine within normal production tolerances
for anything we do not consider an adjustable parameter. For example,
this would apply where we determine that an engine parameter is not an
adjustable parameter (as defined in Sec. 1054.801) but that it is
subject to production variability.
(d) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous model
year instead of doing new tests, but only if all the following are true:
(1) The emission family from the previous model year differs from
the current emission family only with respect to model year or other
characteristics unrelated to emissions. You may also ask to add a
configuration subject to Sec. 1054.225.
(2) The emission-data engine from the previous model year remains
the appropriate emission-data engine under paragraph (b) of this
section.
(3) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the
requirements that apply to the emission family covered by the
application for certification. For engines originally tested under the
provisions of 40 CFR part 90, you may consider those test procedures to
be equivalent to the procedures we specify in subpart F of this part.
(e) We may require you to test another engine of the same or
different configuration in addition to the engine(s) tested under
paragraph (b) of this section.
(f) If you use an alternate test procedure under 40 CFR 1065.10 and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in subpart F of this part, we may
reject data you generated using the alternate procedure.
(g) Measure CO2 and CH4 with each low-hour
certification test using the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065
starting in the 2011 and 2012 model years, respectively. Also measure
N2O with each low-hour certification test using the
procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1065 starting in the 2013 model year
for any engine family that depends on NOx aftertreatment to meet
emission standards. Small-volume engine manufacturers may omit
measurement of N2O and CH4. Use the same units and
modal calculations as for your other results to report a single weighted
value for each constituent. Round the final values as follows:
(1) Round CO2 to the nearest 1 g/kW-hr.
(2) Round N2O to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr.
(3) Round CH4 to the nearest 0.001 g/kW-hr.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56511, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1054.240 How do I demonstrate that my emission family complies with

exhaust emission standards?

(a) For purposes of certification, your emission family is
considered in compliance with the emission standards in Sec.
1054.101(a) if all emission-data engines representing that family have
test results showing deteriorated emission levels at or below these
standards. This includes all test points over the course of the
durability demonstration. Note that your FELs are considered to be the
applicable emission standards with which you must comply if you
participate in the ABT program in subpart H of this part.

[[Page 578]]

(b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data
engine representing that family has test results showing a deteriorated
emission level for any pollutant that is above an applicable emission
standard. This includes all test points over the course of the
durability demonstration.
(c) Determine a deterioration factor to compare emission levels from
the emission-data engine with the applicable emission standards. Section
1054.245 specifies how to test engines to develop deterioration factors
that represent the expected deterioration in emissions over your
engines' full useful life. Calculate a multiplicative deterioration
factor as described in Sec. 1054.245(b). If the deterioration factor is
less than one, use one. Specify the deterioration factor to one more
significant figure than the emission standard. You may use assigned
deterioration factors that we establish for up to 10,000 nonhandheld
engines from small-volume emission families in each model year, except
that small-volume engine manufacturers may use assigned deterioration
factors for any or all of their engine families.
(d) Adjust the official emission results for each tested engine at
the low-hour test point by multiplying the measured emissions by the
deterioration factor, then rounding the adjusted figure to the same
number of decimal places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded
emission levels to the emission standard for each emission-data engine.
In the case of HC+NOX standards, add the official emission
results and apply the deterioration factor to the sum of the pollutants
before rounding. However, if your deterioration factors are based on
emission measurements that do not cover the engine's full useful life,
apply deterioration factors to each pollutant and then add the results
before rounding.
(e) The provisions of this paragraph (e) apply only for engine
families with a useful life at or below 300 hours. To apply the
deterioration factor to engines other than the original emission-data
engine, they must be operated for the same number of hours before
starting emission measurements that you used for the original emission-
data engine, within one hour. For example, if the original emission-data
engine operated for 8 hours before the low-hour emission test, operate
the other test engines for 7 to 9 hours before starting emission
measurements.

Sec. 1054.245 How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust

durability testing?

[[Page 579]]

emissions on each fuel type at each test point.
(4) You may perform maintenance on emission-data engines as
described in Sec. 1054.125 and 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E. If you
change one or more spark plugs on an emission-data engine as allowed
under Sec. 1054.125, you must measure emissions before and after this
maintenance. If you clean or change an air filter on an emission-data
engine as allowed under Sec. 1054.125, you must measure emissions
before and after every second time you perform this maintenance. Use the
average values from these two measurements to calculate deterioration
factors. The emission-data engine must meet applicable emission
standards before and after maintenance to be considered in compliance,
as described in Sec. 1054.240(a) and (b).
(5) Calculate your deterioration factor using a linear least-squares
fit of your test data, but treat the low-hour test point as occurring at
hour zero. Your deterioration factor is the ratio of the calculated
emission level at the point representing the full useful life to the
calculated emission level at zero hours.
(6) If you test more than one engine to establish deterioration
factors, average the deterioration factors from all the engines before
rounding.
(7) If your durability engine fails between 80 percent and 100
percent of useful life, you may use the last emission measurement as the
test point representing the full useful life, provided it occurred after
at least 80 percent of the useful life.
(8) If your useful life is 1,000 hours or longer, and your
durability engine fails between 50 percent and 100 percent of useful
life, you may extrapolate your emission results to determine the
emission level representing the full useful life, provided emissions
were measured at least once after 50 percent of the useful life.
(9) Use good engineering judgment for all aspects of the effort to
establish deterioration factors under this paragraph (b).
(10) You may use other testing methods to determine deterioration
factors, consistent with good engineering judgment, as long as we
approve those methods in advance.
(c) Include the following information in your application for
certification:
(1) If you determine your deterioration factors based on test data
from a different emission family, explain why this is appropriate and
include all the emission measurements on which you base the
deterioration factor.
(2) If you do testing to determine deterioration factors, describe
the form and extent of service accumulation, including the method you
use to accumulate hours.

Sec. 1054.250 What records must I keep and what reports must I send to EPA?

(a) Send the Designated Compliance Officer information related to
your U.S.-directed production volumes as described in Sec. 1054.345. In
addition, within 45 days after the end of the model year, you must send
us a report describing information about engines you produced during the
model year as follows:
(1) State the total production volume for each engine family that is
not subject to reporting under Sec. 1054.345.
(2) State the total production volume for any engine family for
which you produce engines after completing the reports required in Sec.
1054.345.
(3) If you produced exempted engines under the provisions of Sec.
1054.625(j)(1), report the number of exempted engines you produced for
each engine model and identify the buyer or shipping destination for
each exempted engine.
(4) For production volumes you report under this paragraph (a),
identify whether or not the figures include California sales. Include a
separate count of production volumes for California sales if those
figures are available.
(b) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1054.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of all emission-data engines. For each
engine, describe all of the following:
(i) The emission-data engine's construction, including its origin
and

[[Page 580]]

buildup, steps you took to ensure that it represents production engines,
any components you built specially for it, and all the components you
include in your application for certification.
(ii) How you accumulated engine operating hours (service
accumulation), including the dates and the number of hours accumulated.
(iii) All maintenance, including modifications, parts changes, and
other service, and the dates and reasons for the maintenance.
(iv) All your emission tests, including documentation on routine and
standard tests, as specified in part 40 CFR part 1065, and the date and
purpose of each test.
(v) All tests to diagnose engine or emission control performance,
giving the date and time of each and the reasons for the test.
(vi) Any other significant events.
(4) Production figures for each emission family divided by assembly
plant.
(5) Keep a list of engine identification numbers for all the engines
you produce under each certificate of conformity.
(c) Keep data from routine emission tests (such as test cell
temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one year after we issue
the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all other information
specified in this section for eight years after we issue your
certificate.
(d) Store these records in any format and on any media as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review
them at any time.

Sec. 1054.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of

conformity?

(a) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
emission family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean
Air Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for your emission
family for that model year. We may make the approval subject to
additional conditions.
(b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your emission family fails to comply with emission standards or
other requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke
your certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing, reporting, or bonding
requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (e) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent).
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
(5) Produce engines or equipment for importation into the United
States at a location where local law prohibits us from carrying out
authorized activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all engines or equipment being produced.
(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the
Clean Air Act or this part.
(d) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information as required under this part or the
Clean Air Act.
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1054.820).

Subpart D_Production-line Testing

Sec. 1054.300 Applicability.

This subpart specifies requirements for engine manufacturers to test
their production engines for exhaust emissions to ensure that the
engines are being produced as described in the application for
certification. The production-line verification described in 40 CFR part
1060, subpart D, applies for equipment and components for evaporative
emissions.

[[Page 581]]

Sec. 1054.301 When must I test my production-line engines?

(a) If you produce engines that are subject to the requirements of
this part, you must test them as described in this subpart, except as
follows:
(1) Small-volume engine manufacturers may omit testing under this
subpart.
(2) We may exempt small-volume emission families from routine
testing under this subpart. Request this exemption in your application
for certification and include your basis for projecting a production
volume below 5,000 units. We will approve your request if we agree that
you have made good-faith estimates of your production volumes. Your
exemption is approved when we grant your certificate. You must promptly
notify us if your actual production exceeds 5,000 units during the model
year. If you exceed the production limit or if there is evidence of a
nonconformity, we may require you to test production-line engines under
this subpart, or under 40 CFR part 1068, subpart E, even if we have
approved an exemption under this paragraph (a)(2).
(b) We may suspend or revoke your certificate of conformity for
certain engine families if your production-line engines do not meet the
requirements of this part or you do not fulfill your obligations under
this subpart (see Sec. Sec. 1054.325 and 1054.340).
(c) Other regulatory provisions authorize us to suspend, revoke, or
void your certificate of conformity, or order recalls for engine
families, without regard to whether they have passed these production-
line testing requirements. The requirements of this subpart do not
affect our ability to do selective enforcement audits, as described in
40 CFR part 1068. Individual engines in families that pass these
production-line testing requirements must also conform to all applicable
regulations of this part and 40 CFR part 1068.
(d) You may use alternate programs for testing production-line
engines in the following circumstances:
(1) You may use analyzers and sampling systems that meet the field-
testing requirements of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J, but not the
otherwise applicable requirements in 40 CFR part 1065 for laboratory
testing, to demonstrate compliance with emission standards if you double
the minimum sampling rate specified in Sec. 1054.310(b). Use measured
test results to determine whether engines comply with applicable
standards without applying a measurement allowance. This alternate
program does not require prior approval but we may disallow use of this
option where we determine that use of field-grade equipment would
prevent you from being able to demonstrate that your engines are being
produced to conform to the specifications in your application for
certification.
(2) You may ask to use another alternate program for testing
production-line engines. In your request, you must show us that the
alternate program gives equal assurance that your products meet the
requirements of this part. We may waive some or all of this subpart's
requirements if we approve your alternate approach. For example, in
certain circumstances you may be able to give us equal assurance that
your products meet the requirements of this part by using less rigorous
measurement methods if you offset that by increasing the number of test
engines.
(e) If you certify an engine family with carryover emission data, as
described in Sec. 1054.235(d), and these equivalent engine families
consistently pass the production-line testing requirements over the
preceding two-year period, you may ask for a reduced testing rate for
further production-line testing for that family. The minimum testing
rate is one engine per engine family. If we reduce your testing rate, we
may limit our approval to any number of model years. In determining
whether to approve your request, we may consider the number of engines
that have failed the emission tests.
(f) We may ask you to make a reasonable number of production-line
engines available for a reasonable time so we can test or inspect them
for compliance with the requirements of this part.

Sec. 1054.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line engines?

This section describes how to prepare and test production-line
engines. You must assemble the test engine in a way

[[Page 582]]

that represents the assembly procedures for other engines in the engine
family. You must ask us to approve any deviations from your normal
assembly procedures for other production engines in the engine family.
(a) Test procedures. Test your production-line engines using the
applicable testing procedures in subpart F of this part to show you meet
the emission standards in subpart B of this part.
(b) Modifying a test engine. Once an engine is selected for testing
(see Sec. 1054.310), you may adjust, repair, prepare, or modify it or
check its emissions only if one of the following is true:
(1) You document the need for doing so in your procedures for
assembling and inspecting all your production engines and make the
action routine for all the engines in the engine family.
(2) This subpart otherwise specifically allows your action.
(3) We approve your action in advance.
(c) Engine malfunction. If an engine malfunction prevents further
emission testing, ask us to approve your decision to either repair the
engine or delete it from the test sequence.
(d) Setting adjustable parameters. Before any test, we may require
you to adjust any adjustable parameter to any setting within its
physically adjustable range.
(1) [Reserved]
(2) We may specify adjustments within the physically adjustable
range by considering their effect on emission levels. We may also
consider how likely it is that someone will make such an adjustment with
in-use equipment.
(3) We may specify an air-fuel ratio within the adjustable range
specified in Sec. 1054.115(b).
(e) Stabilizing emission levels. Use good engineering judgment to
operate your engines before testing such that deterioration factors can
be applied appropriately. Determine the stabilization period as follows:
(1) For engine families with a useful life at or below 300 hours,
operate the engine for the same number of hours before starting emission
measurements that you used for the emission-data engine, within one
hour. For example, if the emission-data engine operated for 8 hours
before the low-hour emission test, operate the test engines for 7 to 9
hours before starting emission measurements.
(2) For engine families with a useful life above 300 hours, operate
each engine for no more than the greater of two periods:
(i) 12 hours.
(ii) The number of hours you operated your emission-data engine for
certifying the engine family (see 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E, or the
applicable regulations governing how you should prepare your test
engine).
(f) Damage during shipment. If shipping an engine to a remote
facility for production-line testing makes necessary an adjustment or
repair, you must wait until after the initial emission test to do this
work. We may waive this requirement if the test would be impossible or
unsafe or if it would permanently damage the engine. Report to us, in
your written report under Sec. 1054.345, all adjustments or repairs you
make on test engines before each test.
(g) Retesting after invalid tests. You may retest an engine if you
determine an emission test is invalid under subpart F of this part.
Explain in your written report reasons for invalidating any test and the
emission results from all tests. If we determine that you improperly
invalidated a test, we may require you to ask for our approval for
future testing before substituting results of the new tests for invalid
ones.

Sec. 1054.310 How must I select engines for production-line testing?

[[Page 583]]

production period evenly into two test periods.
(iii) If your annual production period is 211 to 300 days, divide
the annual production period evenly into three test periods.
(iv) If your annual production period is 301 days or longer, divide
the annual production period evenly into four test periods.
(2) For engine families with projected U.S.-directed production
volume below 1,600, the whole model year constitutes a single test
period.
(b) Early in each test period, randomly select and test an engine
from the end of the assembly line for each engine family.
(1) In the first test period for newly certified engines, randomly
select and test one more engine. Then, calculate the required sample
size for the model year as described in paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) In later test periods of the same model year, combine the new
test result with all previous testing in the model year. Then, calculate
the required sample size for the model year as described in paragraph
(c) of this section.
(3) In the first test period for engine families relying on
previously submitted test data, combine the new test result with the
last test result from the previous model year. Then, calculate the
required sample size for the model year as described in paragraph (c) of
this section. Use the last test result from the previous model year only
for this first calculation. For all subsequent calculations, use only
results from the current model year.
(c) Calculate the required sample size for each engine family.
Separately calculate this figure for HC+NOX and CO. The
required sample size is the greater of these calculated values. Use the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.095

Where:

(1) Determine the 95% confidence coefficient, t\95\, from the
following table:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n t95 n t95 n t95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2................................................................. 6.31 12 1.80 22 1.72
3................................................................. 2.92 13 1.78 23 1.72
4................................................................. 2.35 14 1.77 24 1.71
5................................................................. 2.13 15 1.76 25 1.71
6................................................................. 2.02 16 1.75 26 1.71
7................................................................. 1.94 17 1.75 27 1.71
8................................................................. 1.90 18 1.74 28 1.70
9................................................................. 1.86 19 1.73 29 1.70
10................................................................. 1.83 20 1.73 30 1.70
11................................................................. 1.81 21 1.72 31+ 1.65
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) Calculate the standard deviation, for the test sample using the
following formula:

[[Page 584]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.096

Where:

Xi = Emission test result for an individual engine.
n = The number of tests completed in an engine family.

(d) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equations in paragraph (c) of this section (see Sec.
1054.315(a)(2)).
(e) After each new test, recalculate the required sample size using
the updated mean values, standard deviations, and the appropriate 95-
percent confidence coefficient.
(f) Distribute the remaining engine tests evenly throughout the rest
of the year. You may need to adjust your schedule for selecting engines
if the required sample size changes. If your scheduled quarterly testing
for the remainder of the model year is sufficient to meet the calculated
sample size, you may wait until the next quarter to do additional
testing. Continue to randomly select engines from each engine family.
(g) Continue testing until one of the following things happens:
(1) After completing the minimum number of tests required in
paragraph (b) of this section, the number of tests completed in an
engine family, n, is greater than the required sample size, N, and the
sample mean, x, is less than or equal to the emission standard. For
example, if N = 5.1 after the fifth test, the sample-size calculation
does not allow you to stop testing.
(2) The engine family does not comply according to Sec. 1054.315.
(3) You test 30 engines from the engine family.
(4) You test one percent of your projected annual U.S.-directed
production volume for the engine family, rounded to the nearest whole
number. Do not count an engine under this paragraph (g)(4) if it fails
to meet an applicable emission standard.
(5) You choose to declare that the engine family does not comply
with the requirements of this subpart.
(h) If the sample-size calculation allows you to stop testing for
one pollutant but not another, you must continue measuring emission
levels of all pollutants for any additional tests required under this
section. However, you need not continue making the calculations
specified in this subpart for the pollutant for which testing is not
required. This paragraph (h) does not affect the number of tests
required under this section, the required calculations in Sec.
1054.315, or the remedial steps required under Sec. 1054.320.
(i) You may elect to test more randomly chosen engines than we
require under this section. Include these engines in the sample-size
calculations.

Sec. 1054.315 How do I know when my engine family fails the production-line

testing requirements?

This section describes the pass-fail criteria for the production-
line testing requirements. We apply these criteria on an emission-family
basis. See Sec. 1054.320 for the requirements that apply to individual
engines that fail a production-line test.
(a) Calculate your test results as follows:
(1) Initial and final test results. Calculate and round the test
results for each engine. If you do several tests on an engine, calculate
the initial results for each test, then add all the test results
together and divide by the number of tests. Round this final calculated
value for the final test results on that engine.
(2) Final deteriorated test results. Apply the deterioration factor
for the engine family to the final test results (see Sec. 1054.240(c)).
(3) Round deteriorated test results. Round the results to the number
of decimal places in the emission standard expressed to one more decimal
place.
(b) Construct the following CumSum Equation for each engine family
for HC+NOX and CO emissions:

[[Page 585]]

Ci = Max [0 or Ci-1 + Xi-(STD + 0.25 x
[sigma])]

Where:

(c) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equation in paragraph (b) of this section (see Sec.
1054.315(a)).
(d) After each new test, recalculate the CumSum statistic.
(e) If you test more than the required number of engines, include
the results from these additional tests in the CumSum Equation.
(f) After each test, compare the current CumSum statistic,
Ci, to the recalculated Action Limit, H, defined as H = 5.0 x
[sigma].
(g) If the CumSum statistic exceeds the Action Limit in two
consecutive tests, the engine family fails the production-line testing
requirements of this subpart. Tell us within ten working days if this
happens. You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the entire engine family as described in Sec.
1054.225(f).
(h) If you amend the application for certification for an engine
family under Sec. 1054.225, do not change any previous calculations of
sample size or CumSum statistics for the model year.

Sec. 1054.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails to meet

emission standards?

(a) If you have a production-line engine with final deteriorated
test results exceeding one or more emission standards (see Sec.
1054.315(a)), the certificate of conformity is automatically suspended
for that failing engine. You must take the following actions before your
certificate of conformity can cover that engine:
(1) Correct the problem and retest the engine to show it complies
with all emission standards.
(2) Include the test results and describe the remedy for each engine
in the written report required under Sec. 1054.345.
(b) You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the entire engine family at this point (see Sec.
1054.225).

Sec. 1054.325 What happens if an engine family fails the production-line

testing requirements?

(a) We may suspend your certificate of conformity for an engine
family if it fails under Sec. 1054.315. The suspension may apply to all
facilities producing engines from an engine family even if you find
noncompliant engines only at one facility.
(b) We will tell you in writing if we suspend your certificate in
whole or in part. We will not suspend a certificate until at least 15
days after the engine family fails. The suspension is effective when you
receive our notice.
(c) Up to 15 days after we suspend the certificate for an engine
family, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1054.820). If we agree
before a hearing occurs that we used erroneous information in deciding
to suspend the certificate, we will reinstate the certificate.
(d) Section 1054.335 specifies steps you must take to remedy the
cause of the engine family's production-line failure. All the engines
you have produced since the end of the last test period are presumed
noncompliant and should be addressed in your proposed remedy. We may
require you to apply the remedy to engines produced earlier if we
determine that the cause of the failure is likely to have affected the
earlier engines.
(e) You may request to amend the application for certification to
raise the FEL of the engine family before or after we suspend your
certificate as described in Sec. 1054.225(f). We will approve your
request if the failure is not caused by a defect and it is clear that
you used good engineering judgment in establishing the original FEL.

Sec. 1054.330 May I sell engines from an engine family with a suspended

certificate of conformity?

You may sell engines that you produce after we suspend the engine
family's certificate of conformity under Sec. 1054.315 only if one of
the following occurs:

[[Page 586]]

(a) You test each engine you produce and show it complies with
emission standards that apply.
(b) We conditionally reinstate the certificate for the engine
family. We may do so if you agree to recall all the affected engines and
remedy any noncompliance at no expense to the owner if later testing
shows that the engine family still does not comply.

Sec. 1054.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?

Sec. 1054.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how

may I sell these engines again?

(a) We may revoke your certificate for an engine family in the
following cases:
(1) You do not meet the reporting requirements.
(2) Your engine family fails to comply with the requirements of this
subpart and your proposed remedy to address a suspended certificate
under Sec. 1054.335 is inadequate to solve the problem or requires you
to change the engine's design or emission control system.
(b) To sell engines from an engine family with a revoked certificate
of conformity, you must modify the engine family and then show it
complies with the requirements of this part.
(1) If we determine your proposed design change may not control
emissions for the engine's full useful life, we will tell you within
five working days after receiving your report. In this case we will
decide whether production-line testing will be enough for us to evaluate
the change or whether you need to do more testing.
(2) Unless we require more testing, you may show compliance by
testing production-line engines as described in this subpart.
(3) We will issue a new or updated certificate of conformity when
you have met these requirements.

Sec. 1054.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

[[Page 587]]

subpart. We may also ask you to send less information.
(c) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
following statement:

We submit this report under sections 208 and 213 of the Clean Air
Act. Our production-line testing conformed completely with the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1054. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for test engines in a way that
might affect emission controls. All the information in this report is
true and accurate to the best of my knowledge. I know of the penalties
for violating the Clean Air Act and the regulations. (Authorized Company
Representative)

(d) Send electronic reports of production-line testing to the
Designated Compliance Officer using an approved information format. If
you want to use a different format, send us a written request with
justification for a waiver.
(e) We will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public
who asks for them. Section 1054.815 describes how we treat information
you consider confidential.

Sec. 1054.350 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this section.
We may review your records at any time.
(b) Keep paper or electronic records of your production-line testing
for eight years after you complete all the testing required for an
engine family in a model year.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1054.345.
(d) Keep the following additional records:
(1) A description of all test equipment for each test cell that you
can use to test production-line engines.
(2) The names of supervisors involved in each test.
(3) The name of anyone who authorizes adjusting, repairing,
preparing, or modifying a test engine and the names of all supervisors
who oversee this work.
(4) If you shipped the engine for testing, the date you shipped it,
the associated storage or port facility, and the date the engine arrived
at the testing facility.
(5) Any records related to your production-line tests that are not
in the written report.
(6) A brief description of any significant events during testing not
otherwise described in the written report or in this section.
(7) Any information specified in Sec. 1054.345 that you do not
include in your written reports.
(e) If we ask, you must give us a more detailed description of
projected or actual production figures for an engine family. We may ask
you to divide your production figures by maximum engine power,
displacement, fuel type, or assembly plant (if you produce engines at
more than one plant).
(f) Keep records of the engine identification number for each engine
you produce under each certificate of conformity. You may identify these
numbers as a range. Give us these records within 30 days if we ask for
them.
(g) We may ask you to keep or send other information necessary to
implement this subpart.

Subpart E_In-use Testing

Sec. 1054.401 General provisions.

We may perform in-use testing of any engines or equipment subject to
the standards of this part. We will consult with you as needed for
information or special equipment related to testing your engines.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

Sec. 1054.501 How do I run a valid emission test?

(a) Applicability. This subpart is addressed to you as a
manufacturer but it applies equally to anyone who does testing for you,
and to us when we perform testing to determine if your engines or
equipment meet emission standards.
(b) General requirements. Use the equipment and procedures for
spark-ignition engines in 40 CFR part 1065 to determine whether engines
meet the exhaust emission standards, as follows:
(1) Measure the emissions of all exhaust constituents subject to
emissions standards as specified in Sec. 1054.505 and 40 CFR part 1065.
Measure CO2, N2O, and CH4 as described
in Sec. 1054.235. See Sec. 1054.650 for special provisions that

[[Page 588]]

apply for variable-speed engines (including engines shipped without
governors).
(2) Use the fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR part 1065,
subpart H, for all the testing we require in this part. Except as
specified in paragraph (d) of this section, use gasoline meeting the
specifications described in 40 CFR 1065.710 for general testing. For
service accumulation, use the test fuel or any commercially available
fuel that is representative of the fuel that in-use engines will use.
You may alternatively use gasoline blended with ethanol as follows:
(i) For handheld engines, you may use the ethanol-blended fuel for
certifying engines under this part without our advance approval. If you
use the blended fuel for certifying a given engine family, you may also
use it for production-line testing or any other testing you perform for
that engine family under this part. If you use the blended fuel for
certifying a given engine family, we may use the blended fuel or the
specified gasoline test fuel with that engine family.
(ii) For nonhandheld engines, you may use the blended fuel for
certifying engines under this part without our advance approval. If you
use the blended fuel for certifying a given engine family, you must also
use it for production-line testing or any other testing you perform for
that engine family under this part. If the certification of all your
Class I (or Class II) engine families in a given model year is based on
test data collected using the blended fuel, we will also use the blended
fuel for testing your Class I (or Class II) engines. If the
certification of some but not all of your Class I (or Class II) engine
families in a given model year is based on test data collected using the
blended fuel, we may use the blended fuel or the specified gasoline test
fuel for testing any of your Class I (or Class II) engines.
(iii) The blended fuel must consist of a mix of gasoline meeting the
specifications described in 40 CFR 1065.710 for general testing and
fuel-grade ethanol meeting the specifications described in 40 CFR
1060.501(c) such that the blended fuel has 10.01.0
percent ethanol by volume. You may also use ethanol with a higher or
lower purity if you show us that it will not affect your ability to
demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission standards. You do
not need to measure the ethanol concentration of such blended fuels and
may instead calculate the blended composition by assuming that the
ethanol is pure and mixes perfectly with the base fuel.
(iv) You may ask to use the provisions of this paragraph (b)(2) for
a blended test fuel containing less than 10 percent ethanol if your
engine is subject to emission standards from other organizations that
specify testing with that fuel. If we approve testing with such a fuel,
we may test your engines with that test fuel, with gasoline, or with a
10-percent ethanol blend.
(3) Ambient conditions for duty-cycle testing must be within ranges
specified in 40 CFR 1065.520, subject to the provisions of Sec.
1054.115(c).
(i) Corrections. Emissions may not be corrected for the effects of
test temperature or pressure. You may correct emissions for humidity as
specified in 40 CFR 1065.670.
(ii) Intake air temperature. Measure engine intake air temperature
as described in 40 CFR 1065.125, and control it if necessary, consistent
with good engineering judgment. For example, since the purpose of this
requirement is to ensure that the measured air temperature is consistent
with the intake air temperature that would occur during in-use operation
at the same ambient temperature, do not cool the intake air and do not
measure air temperature at a point where engine heat affects the
temperature measurement.
(4) The provisions of 40 CFR 1065.405 describes how to prepare an
engine for testing. However, you may consider emission levels stable
without measurement after 12 hours of engine operation, except for the
following special provisions that apply for engine families with a
useful life of 300 hours or less:
(i) We will not approve a stabilization period longer than 12 hours
even if you show that emissions are not yet stabilized.
(ii) Identify the number of hours you use to stabilize engines for
low-hour

[[Page 589]]

emission measurements. You may consider emissions stable at any point
less than 12 hours. For example, you may choose a point at which
emission levels reach a low value before the effects of deterioration
are established.
(5) Prepare your engines for testing by installing a governor that
you normally use on production engines, consistent with Sec. Sec.
1054.235(b) and 1054.505.
(6) During testing, supply the engine with fuel in a manner
consistent with how it will be supplied with fuel in use. If you sell
engines with complete fuel systems and your production engines will be
equipped with a vapor line that routes running loss vapors into the
engine's intake system, measure exhaust emissions using a complete fuel
system representing a production configuration that sends fuel vapors to
the test engine's intake system in a way that represents the expected
in-use operation. You may alternatively demonstrate by engineering
analysis that your engines will continue to meet emission standards for
any amount of running loss vapor that can reasonably be expected during
in-use operation.
(7) Determine the carbon mass fraction of fuel, wc, using a
calculation based on measured fuel properties as described in 40 CFR
1065.655(d)(1). You may not use the default values specified in 40 CFR
1065.655(d)(2).
(c) Special and alternate procedures. You may use special or
alternate procedures to the extent we allow them under 40 CFR 1065.10.
The following additional provisions apply:
(1) If you are unable to run the test cycle specified in this part
for your engine, use an alternate test cycle that will result in a
cycle-weighted emission measurement equivalent to the expected average
in-use emissions. This cycle must be approved under 40 CFR 1065.10.
(2) Describe in your application for certification any specially
designed fixtures or other hardware if they are needed for proper
testing of your engines. (Note: You do not need to specify the size or
performance characteristics of engine dynamometers.) You must send us
these fixtures or other hardware if we ask for them. We may waive the
requirement of Sec. 1054.205(aa) to identify a test facility in the
United States for such engine families as long as the projected U.S.-
directed production volume of all your engine families using the
provisions of this paragraph (c)(2) is less than 5 percent of your total
production volume from all engine families certified under this part
1054.
(d) Wintertime engines. You may test wintertime engines at the
ambient temperatures specified in 40 CFR 1065.520, even though this does
not represent in-use operation for these engines (40 CFR 1065.10(c)(1)).
In this case, you may use good engineering judgment to modify the test
engine as needed to achieve intake temperatures that are analogous to
in-use conditions. You may also test wintertime engines at reduced
ambient temperatures as specified in 40 CFR 1051.505. Use the gasoline
specified for low-temperature testing only if you test your engines at
ambient temperatures below 20 [deg]C.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56511, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1054.505 How do I test engines?

(a) This section describes how to test engines under steady-state
conditions. For handheld engines you must perform tests with discrete-
mode sampling. For nonhandheld engines we allow you to perform tests
with either discrete-mode or ramped-modal testing methods. You must use
the same modal testing method for certification and all other testing
you perform for an engine family. If we test your engines to confirm
that they meet emission standards, we will use the modal testing method
you select for your own testing. If you submit certification test data
collected with both discrete-mode and ramped-modal testing (either in
your original application or in an amendment to your application),
either method may be used for subsequent testing. We may also perform
other testing as allowed by the Clean Air Act. Conduct duty-cycle
testing as follows:
(1) For discrete-mode testing, sample emissions separately for each
mode, then calculate an average emission level for the whole cycle using
the weighting factors specified for each mode. In each mode, operate the
engine

[[Page 590]]

for at least 5 minutes, then sample emissions for at least 1 minute.
Control engine speed as specified in this section. Use one of the
following methods for confirming torque values for nonhandheld engines:
(i) Calculate torque-related cycle statistics and compare with the
established criteria as specified in 40 CFR 1065.514 to confirm that the
test is valid.
(ii) Evaluate each mode separately to validate the duty cycle. All
torque feedback values recorded during non-idle sampling periods must be
within 2 percent of the reference value or within
0.27 N[middot]m of the reference value, whichever
is greater. Also, the mean torque value during non-idle sampling periods
must be within 1 percent of the reference value or
0.12 N[middot]m of the reference value, whichever
is greater. Control torque during idle as specified in paragraph (c) of
this section.
(2) For ramped-modal testing, start sampling at the beginning of the
first mode and continue sampling until the end of the last mode.
Calculate emissions and cycle statistics the same as for transient
testing as specified in 40 CFR part 1065. Unless we specify otherwise,
you may simulate the governor for ramped-modal testing consistent with
good engineering judgment.
(b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
the test procedures for constant-speed engines in 40 CFR part 1065 while
using one of the steady-state duty cycles identified in this paragraph
(b) to determine whether it meets the exhaust emission standards
specified in Sec. 1054.101(a). This requirement applies for all
engines, including those not meeting the definition of ``constant-speed
engine'' in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
(1) For handheld engines, use the two-mode duty cycle described in
paragraph (a) of Appendix II of this part. Establish an engine's rated
speed as follows:
(i) For ungoverned handheld engines used in fixed-speed applications
all having approximately the same nominal in-use operating speed, hold
engine speed within 350 rpm of the nominal speed for testing. We may
allow you to include in your engine family without additional testing a
small number engines that will be installed such that they have a
different nominal speed. If your engine family includes a majority of
engines with approximately the same nominal in-use operating speed and a
substantial number of engines with different nominal speeds, you must
test engines as specified in this paragraph (b)(1)(i) and paragraph
(b)(1)(ii) of this section.
(ii) For ungoverned handheld engines for which there is not a
dominant value for nominal in-use operating speeds, hold engine speed
within 350 rpm of the point at which the engine generates maximum power.
(iii) For governed handheld engines, hold engine speed at maximum
test speed, as defined in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
(2) For nonhandheld engines, use the six-mode duty cycle or the
corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in paragraph (b) of Appendix
II of this part. Control engine speeds and torques during idle mode as
specified in paragraph (c) of this section and during full-load
operating modes as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. For all
other modes, control torque as needed to meet the cycle-validation
criteria in 40 CFR 1065.514; control the engine speed to within 5
percent of the nominal speed specified in paragraph (d) of this section
or let the installed governor (in the production configuration) control
engine speed. The governor may be adjusted before emission sampling to
target the nominal speed identified in paragraph (d) of this section,
but the installed governor must control engine speed throughout the
emission-sampling period whether the governor is adjusted or not. Note
that ramped-modal testing involves continuous sampling, so governor
adjustments may not occur during such a test. Note also that our testing
may involve running the engine with the governor in the standard
configuration even if you adjust the governor as described in this
paragraph (a)(2) for certification or production-line testing.
(c) During idle mode for nonhandheld engines, operate the engine
with the following parameters:
(1) Allow the engine to operate at the idle speed determined by the
installed governor. If any production engines

[[Page 591]]

from the engine family have a user-selectable idle speed, operate the
engine with an installed governor that controls engine speed to the
lowest available speed setting.
(2) Keep engine torque under 5 percent of the nominal torque value
for Mode 1.
(3) You must conduct testing at the idle mode even if the allowable
torque values overlap with those for another specified mode.
(d) During full-load operation for nonhandheld engines, operate the
engine with the following parameters:
(1) In normal circumstances, select a test speed of either 3060 rpm
or 3600 rpm that is most appropriate for the engine family. If all the
engines in the engine family are used in intermediate-speed equipment,
select a test speed of 3060 rpm. The test associated with intermediate-
speed operation is referred to as the A Cycle. If all the engines in the
engine family are used in rated-speed equipment, select a test speed of
3600 rpm. The test associated with rated-speed operation is referred to
as the B Cycle. If an engine family includes engines used in both
intermediate-speed equipment and rated-speed equipment, select the test
speed for emission-data engines that will result in worst-case
emissions. In unusual circumstances, you may ask to use a test speed
different than that specified in this paragraph (d)(1) if it better
represents in-use operation.
(2) Operate the engine ungoverned at wide-open throttle at the test
speed established in paragraph (d)(1) of this section until the engine
reaches thermal stability as described in 40 CFR 1065.530(a)(2)(ii).
Record the torque value after stabilization. Use this value for the
full-load torque setting and for denormalizing the rest of the duty
cycle.
(3) Control engine speed during emission sampling to stay within 5
percent of the nominal speed identified in paragraph (d)(1) of this
section.
(4) The provisions of this paragraph (d) apply instead of the engine
mapping procedures in 40 CFR 1065.510.
(e) See 40 CFR part 1065 for detailed specifications of tolerances
and calculations.

Sec. 1054.520 What testing must I perform to establish deterioration factors?

Sections 1054.240 and 1054.245 describe the required methods for
testing to establish deterioration factors for an emission family.

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1054.601 What compliance provisions apply?

(a) Engine and equipment manufacturers, as well as owners,
operators, and rebuilders of engines subject to the requirements of this
part, and all other persons, must observe the provisions of this part,
the requirements and prohibitions in 40 CFR part 1068, and the
provisions of the Clean Air Act.
(b) Note that the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.103(f) prohibit engine
manufacturers from deviating from normal production and inventory
practices to stockpile engines with a date of manufacture before new or
changed emission standards take effect. If your normal practice for
producing engines subject to this part 1054 includes maintaining engines
in inventory for some engine families for more than 12 months, you must
get our prior approval to continue this practice for model years in
which emission standards change. Include in your request information
showing that this is necessary and it is consistent with your normal
business practice. Unless we specify otherwise, include relevant
inventory and production records from the preceding eight years. Note
that 40 CFR 1068.103(f) applies to any engines inventoried beyond your
normal practice and authorizes us to review your records to verify your
normal practices, whether or not you maintain the engines in inventory
for more than 12 months.
(c) The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.215 apply for cases in which the
manufacturer takes possession of engines for purposes of recovering
components as described in this paragraph (c). Note that this paragraph
(c) does not apply for certified engines that still have the emission
control information label since such engines do not need an exemption.
(1) You must label the engine as specified in 40 CFR 1068.215(c)(3),
except

[[Page 592]]

that the label may be removable as specified in 40 CFR 1068.45(b).
(2) You may not resell the engine. For components other than the
engine block, you may generate revenue from the sale of the components
that you recover, or from the sale of new engines containing these
components. You may also use components other than the engine block for
engine rebuilds as otherwise allowed under the regulations. You may use
the engine block from an engine that is exempted under this paragraph
(c) only to make a new engine, and then only where such an engine has a
separate identity from the original engine.
(3) Once the engine has reached its final destination, you may stop
collecting records describing the engine's final disposition and how you
use the engine. This does not affect the requirement to maintain the
records you have already collected under 40 CFR 1068.215. This also does
not affect the requirement to maintain records for new engines.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23025, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1054.610 What is the exemption for delegated final assembly?

The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.261 related to delegated final
assembly do not apply for handheld engines certified under this part
1054. The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.261 apply for nonhandheld engines,
with the following exceptions and clarifications:
(a) Through the 2014 model year, you may use the provisions of this
section for engines you sell to a distributor, where you establish a
contractual arrangement in which you designate the distributor to be
your agent in all matters related to compliance with the requirements of
this section. Identify each of the distributors you intend to designate
as your agent under this paragraph (a) in your application for
certification. You may continue to use the provisions of this paragraph
(a) this for later model years for specific distributors if we approve
it based on your clear and convincing demonstration that each
distributor can be expected to comply fully with the requirements of
this section and 40 CFR 1068.261. We may set additional conditions
beyond the provisions specified in this section to ensure that all
engines will be in a certified configuration when installed by the
equipment manufacturer.
(b) If you identify distributors as your agents under paragraph (a)
of this section, you must perform or arrange for audits of all
participating distributors and equipment manufacturers based on the
following auditing rate instead of the provisions specified in 40 CFR
1068.261(d)(3)(i) and (ii):
(1) If you sell engines to 48 or more equipment manufacturers under
the provisions of this section, you must annually perform or arrange for
audits of twelve equipment manufacturers to whom you sell engines under
this section. To select individual equipment manufacturers, divide all
the affected equipment manufacturers into quartiles based on the number
of engines they buy from you; select equal numbers of equipment
manufacturers from each quartile each model year as much as possible.
Vary the equipment manufacturers selected for auditing from year to
year, though audits may be repeated in later model years if you find or
suspect that a particular equipment manufacturer is not properly
installing aftertreatment devices.
(2) If you sell engines to fewer than 48 equipment manufacturers
under the provisions of this section, set up a plan to perform or
arrange for audits of each equipment manufacturer on average once every
four model years.

Sec. 1054.612 What special provisions apply for equipment manufacturers

modifying certified nonhandheld engines?

The provisions of this section apply for all emission families
through the 2014 model year; starting with the 2015 model year, these
provisions are limited to small-volume emission families.
(a) General provisions. If you buy certified nonhandheld engines for
installation in equipment you produce, but you install the engines such
that they use intake or exhaust systems that are not part of the
originally certified configuration, you become the engine manufacturer
for those engines and must certify that they will meet emission
standards. We will allow you to utilize

[[Page 593]]

the provisions for simplified certification specified in paragraph (b)
of this section, as long as your design stays within the overall
specifications from the original engine manufacturer (such as exhaust
backpressure) and you use a catalyst as described in the original engine
manufacturer's application for certification.
(b) Simplified certification. You must perform testing with an
emission-data engine to show that you meet exhaust emission standards;
however, you may use the deterioration factor from the original engine
manufacturer. The production-line testing requirements in subpart D of
this part do not apply for engines certified under this section. You
must meet all the other requirements that apply to engine manufacturers
for engines subject to standards under this part. The engine family must
have the same useful life value specified by the original engine
manufacturer for that engine. In your application for certification
describe any differences between the original engine manufacturer's
design and yours and explain why the deterioration data generated by the
original engine manufacturer is appropriate for your configuration.
(c) Engine exemption. As an engine manufacturer, you may produce
nonconforming engines for equipment manufacturers as allowed under this
section. You do not have to request this exemption for your engines, but
you must have written assurance from equipment manufacturers that they
need a certain number of exempted engines under this section. Add a
removable label to the engines as described in 40 CFR 1068.262.

Sec. 1054.615 What is the exemption for engines certified to standards for

Large SI engines?

(a) An engine is exempt from the requirements of this part if it is
in an emission family that has a valid certificate of conformity showing
that it meets emission standards and other requirements under 40 CFR
part 1048 for the appropriate model year.
(b) The only requirements or prohibitions from this part that apply
to an engine that is exempt under this section are in this section.
(c) If your engines do not have the certificate required in
paragraph (a) of this section, they will be subject to the provisions of
this part. Introducing these engines into U.S. commerce without a valid
exemption or certificate of conformity violates the prohibitions in 40
CFR 1068.101(a).
(d) Engines exempted under this section are subject to all the
requirements affecting engines under 40 CFR part 1048, including
evaporative emission standards. The requirements and restrictions of 40
CFR part 1048 apply to anyone manufacturing these engines, anyone
manufacturing equipment that uses these engines, and all other persons
in the same manner as if these were nonroad spark-ignition engines above
19 kW.
(e) Engines exempted under this section may not generate or use
emission credits under this part 1054.

Sec. 1054.620 What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for

competition?

The provisions of this section apply for new engines and equipment
built on or after January 1, 2010.
(a) We may grant you an exemption from the standards and
requirements of this part for a new engine on the grounds that it is to
be used solely for competition. The requirements of this part, other
than those in this section, do not apply to engines that we exempt for
use solely for competition.
(b) We will exempt engines that we determine will be used solely for
competition. The basis of our determination is described in paragraphs
(c) and (d) of this section. Exemptions granted under this section are
good for only one model year and you must request renewal for each
subsequent model year. We will not approve your renewal request if we
determine the engine will not be used solely for competition.
(c) Engines meeting all the following criteria are considered to be
used solely for competition:
(1) Neither the engine nor any equipment containing the engine may
be displayed for sale in any public dealership or otherwise offered for
sale to the general public. Note that this does not preclude display of
these engines as long

[[Page 594]]

as they are not available for sale to the general public.
(2) Sale of the equipment in which the engine is installed must be
limited to professional competition teams, professional competitors, or
other qualified competitors. For replacement engines, the sale of the
engine itself must be limited to professional racing teams, professional
racers, other qualified racers, or to the original equipment
manufacturer.
(3) The engine and the equipment in which it is installed must have
performance characteristics that are substantially superior to
noncompetitive models.
(4) The engines are intended for use only as specified in paragraph
(e) of this section.
(d) You may ask us to approve an exemption for engines not meeting
the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this section as long as you have
clear and convincing evidence that the engines will be used solely for
competition.
(e) Engines are considered to be used solely for competition only if
their use is limited to competition events sanctioned by a state or
federal government agency or another widely recognized public
organization with authorizing permits for participating competitors.
Operation of such engines may include only racing events, trials to
qualify for racing events, and practice associated with racing events.
Authorized attempts to set speed records are also considered racing
events. Engines will not be considered to be used solely for competition
if they are ever used for any recreational or other noncompetitive
purpose. Any use of exempt engines in recreational events is a violation
of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(4).
(f) You must permanently label engines exempted under this section
to clearly indicate that they are to be used only for competition.
Failure to properly label an engine will void the exemption for that
engine.
(g) If we request it, you must provide us any information we need to
determine whether the engines are used solely for competition. This
would generally include documentation regarding the number of engines
and the ultimate purchaser of each engine as well as any documentation
showing an equipment manufacturer's request for an exempted engine. Keep
these records for five years.

Sec. 1054.625 What requirements apply under the Transition Program for

Equipment Manufacturers?

The provisions of this section allow equipment manufacturers to
produce equipment with Class II engines that are subject to less
stringent exhaust emission standards after the Phase 3 emission
standards begin to apply. To be eligible to use these provisions, you
must follow all the instructions in this section. See Sec. 1054.626 for
requirements that apply specifically to companies that manufacture
equipment outside the United States and to companies that import such
equipment without manufacturing it. Engines and equipment you produce
under this section are exempt from the prohibitions in 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1) with respect to exhaust emissions, subject to the
provisions of this section. Except as specified in paragraph (e) of this
section, equipment exempted under this section must meet all applicable
requirements related to evaporative emissions.
(a) General. If you are an equipment manufacturer, you may introduce
into U.S. commerce limited numbers of nonroad equipment with Class II
engines exempted under this section. You may use the exemptions in this
section only if you have primary responsibility for designing and
manufacturing equipment and your manufacturing procedures include
installing some engines in this equipment. Consider all U.S.-directed
equipment production in showing that you meet the requirements of this
section, including those from any parent or subsidiary companies and
those from any other companies you license to produce equipment for you.
If you produce a type of equipment that has more than one engine, count
each engine separately. These provisions are available during the first
four model years that the Phase 3 exhaust emission standards apply.
(b) Allowances. Calculate how many pieces of equipment with exempted
engines you may produce under this section by determining your U.S.-
directed production volume of equipment with Class II engines from
January 1, 2007

[[Page 595]]

through December 31, 2009, calculating your annual average production
for this period, and multiplying the average value by 0.3. The same
calculation applies for small-volume equipment manufacturers, except
that average annual production is multiplied by 2.0. For companies with
no eligible production in a given year, calculate annual average
production based only on those years in which you produce equipment
during the specified period with Class II engines for sale in the United
States. Use these allowances for equipment using model year 2011 and
later Class II engines. You may use these allowances for equipment you
produce before December 31, 2014.
(c) Access to exempted engines. You may use one of the following
approaches to get exempted engines under this section:
(1) Request a certain number of exempted Class II engines from the
engine manufacturer as described in paragraph (j)(1) of this section.
(2) You may make arrangements with the engine manufacturer to
receive an engine without an exhaust system and install exhaust systems
without aftertreatment that would otherwise be required to meet Phase 3
standards, as described in paragraph (j)(2) of this section. You must
follow the engine manufacturer's instructions for installing
noncatalyzed mufflers. You must keep records to show which engines you
modify as described in this paragraph (c)(2) and make them available to
the engine manufacturer for any auditing under the provisions of Sec.
1054.610. If you do not place the label we specify in paragraph (f) of
this section adjacent to the engine manufacturer's emission control
information label, you must place an additional permanent label as close
as possible to the engine's emission control information label where it
will be readily visible in the final installation with at least the
following items:
(i) Your corporate name and trademark.
(ii) The following statement: ``THIS ENGINE MEETS PHASE 2 STANDARDS
UNDER Sec. 1054.625(c)(2).''
(d) Inclusion of engines not subject to Phase 3 standards. The
following provisions apply to engines that are not subject to Phase 3
standards:
(1) If you use the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.105(a) to use up your
inventories of engines not certified to new emission standards, do not
include these units in your count of equipment with exempted engines
under paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
(2) If you install engines that are exempted from the Phase 3
standards for any reason, other than for equipment-manufacturer
allowances under this section, do not include these units in your count
of equipment with exempted engines under paragraph (g)(2) of this
section. For example, if we grant a hardship exemption for the engine
manufacturer, you may count these as compliant engines under this
section. This paragraph (d)(2) applies only if the engine has a
permanent label describing why it is exempted from the Phase 3
standards.
(e) Standards. If you produce equipment with exempted engines under
this section, the engines must meet the Phase 2 emission standards
specified in 40 CFR part 90. Any equipment using exempted engines under
this section is also exempt from the running loss standard specified in
Sec. 1054.112.
(f) Equipment labeling. You must add a permanent label, written
legibly in English, to the engine or another readily visible part of
each piece of equipment with exempted engines you produce under this
section. This label, which supplements the engine manufacturer's
emission control information label, must include at least the following
items:
(1) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Your corporate name and trademark.
(3) The calendar year in which the equipment is manufactured.
(4) An e-mail address and phone number to contact for further
information, or a Web site that includes this contact information.
(5) The following statement: THIS EQUIPMENT [or identify the type of
equipment] HAS AN ENGINE THAT MEETS U.S. EPA EMISSION STANDARDS UNDER 40
CFR 1054.625.
(g) Notification and reporting. You must notify us of your intent to

[[Page 596]]

produce equipment under the provisions of this section and send us an
annual report to verify that you are not exceeding the production limits
for equipment with exempted engines, as follows:
(1) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a written notice of your
intent before you use the provisions of this section including all the
following:
(i) Your company's name and address, and your parent company's name
and address, if applicable. Also identify the names of any other
companies operating under the same parent company.
(ii) The name, phone number and e-mail address of a person to
contact for more information.
(iii) The calendar years in which you expect to use the exemption
provisions of this section.
(iv) The name and address of each company you expect to produce
engines for the equipment you manufacture under this section.
(v) How many pieces of equipment with exempted engines you may sell
under this section, as described in paragraph (b) of this section.
Include your production figures for the period from January 1, 2007
through December 31, 2009, including figures broken down by equipment
model and calendar year. You may send corrected figures with lower
production volumes anytime after your initial notification. To make a
correction for higher production volumes, send us the corrected figures
by September 30, 2010. We may ask you to give us additional information
to confirm your production figures.
(2) For each year that you use the provisions of this section, send
the Designated Compliance Officer a written report by March 31 of the
following year. Identify the following things in your report:
(i) The total count of equipment with exempted engines you sold in
the preceding year, based on actual U.S.-directed production
information. If you produce equipment in the 2010 calendar year with
exempted engines from the 2011 model year, include these units in your
March 31, 2012 report.
(ii) Cumulative figures describing how many pieces of equipment with
exempted engines you have produced for all the years you used the
provisions of this section.
(iii) The manufacturer of the engine installed in the equipment you
produce under this section, if this is different than you specified
under paragraph (g)(1)(iv) of this section.
(3) If you send your initial notification under paragraph (g)(1) of
this section after the specified deadline, we may approve your use of
allowances under this section. In your request, describe why you were
unable to meet the deadline.
(h) Recordkeeping. Keep the following records of all equipment with
exempted engines you produce under this section until at least December
31, 2019:
(1) The model number for each piece of equipment.
(2) Detailed figures for determining how many pieces of equipment
with exempted engines you may produce under this section, as described
in paragraph (b) of this section.
(3) The notifications and reports we require under paragraph (g) of
this section.
(i) Enforcement. Producing more exempted engines or equipment than
we allow under this section or installing engines that do not meet the
emission standards of paragraph (e) of this section violates the
prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1). You must give us the records we
require under this section if we ask for them (see 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(2)).
(j) Provisions for engine manufacturers. As an engine manufacturer,
use one of the following approaches to produce exempted engines under
this section:
(1) The provisions of this paragraph (j)(1) apply if you do not use
the delegated-assembly provisions of Sec. 1054.610 for any of the
engines in an engine family. You must have written assurance from
equipment manufacturers or your authorized distributors that they need a
certain number of exempted engines under this section. Keep these
records for at least five years after you stop producing engines under
this section. You must also send us an annual report of the engines you
produce under this section, as described under Sec. 1054.250(a). The
engines must meet the emission standards in paragraph (e) of this
section and you must meet all the

[[Page 597]]

requirements of 40 CFR 1068.265. You must meet the labeling requirements
in 40 CFR 90.114, but add the following statement instead of the
compliance statement in 40 CFR 90.114(b)(7): THIS ENGINE MEETS U.S. EPA
EMISSION STANDARDS UNDER 40 CFR 1054.625 AND MUST BE USED ONLY UNDER
THOSE FLEXIBILITY PROVISIONS.
(2) The following provisions apply if you notify us that you plan to
use the delegated-assembly provisions of Sec. 1054.610 for one or more
equipment manufacturers for an engine family:
(i) Include test data in your application for certification showing
that your engines will meet the standards specified in paragraph (e) of
this section if they have a noncatalyzed muffler in place of the
aftertreatment that is part of the certified configuration. Use good
engineering judgment for these measurements, which may involve sampling
exhaust upstream of the catalyst or operating the engine with a
noncatalyzed muffler. This may be based on emission measurements from
previous model years if the data is still appropriate for the current
engine configuration.
(ii) Produce all your engines with the emission control information
label we specify in Sec. 1054.135. The engines must also be labeled as
specified in 40 CFR 1068.261.
(iii) Include in the installation instructions required under Sec.
1054.610 any appropriate instructions or limitations on installing
noncatalyzed mufflers to ensure that the fully assembled engine will
meet the emission standards specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
You may identify an appropriate range of backpressures, but this may not
involve any instructions related to changing the fuel system for
different fueling rates.
(iv) Use one of the following approaches to properly account for
emission credits if your engine family generates exhaust emission
credits under subpart H of this part:
(A) Multiply the credits calculated under Sec. 1054.705 by 0.9.
This is based on the expectation that equipment manufacturers will
modify 10 percent of the engines to no longer meet Phase 3 standards.
(B) Include in your emission-credit calculations only those engines
for which you can establish that the equipment manufacturer did not use
the provisions of this section. This would involve an evaluation for
each affected equipment manufacturer. For example, under this provision
you may count emission credits for engines that you sell to equipment
manufacturers with which you have no contract for delegated assembly.
You may also count emission credits for engines that you sell to
equipment manufacturers with which you have a delegated-assembly
relationship if you confirm that the equipment manufacturer did not use
the provisions of this section for those engines.
(k) Additional exemptions for mid-sized companies. If your annual
production of equipment with Class II engines in 2007, 2008, and 2009 is
between 5,000 and 50,000 units, you may request additional engine
allowances under this section. To do this, notify us by January 31, 2010
if you believe the provisions of this section will not allow you to sell
certain equipment models starting in the 2011 model year. In your
notification, show us that you will be able to produce a number of Class
II equipment models representing at least half your total U.S.-directed
production volume in the 2011 model year that will be compliant with all
Phase 3 exhaust and evaporative emission standards. Also describe why
you need more allowances under this section to accommodate anticipated
changes in engine designs resulting from engine manufacturers'
compliance with changing exhaust emission standards. Include a proposal
for the number of additional allowances you would need, with supporting
rationale. We may approve allowances up to a total of 100 percent of the
average annual U.S.-directed production volume you report under
paragraph (b) of this section (in place of the 30 percent that is
otherwise allowed).

Sec. 1054.626 What special provisions apply to equipment imported under the

Transition Program for Equipment Manufacturers?

This section describes requirements that apply to equipment
manufacturers using the provisions of Sec. 1054.625 for

[[Page 598]]

equipment produced outside the United States. Note that Sec. 1054.625
limits these provisions to equipment manufacturers that install some
engines and have primary responsibility for designing and manufacturing
equipment. Companies that import equipment into the United States
without meeting these criteria are not eligible for allowances under
Sec. 1054.625. Such importers may import equipment with exempted
engines only as described in paragraph (b) of this section.
(a) You or someone else may import your equipment with exempted
engines under this section if you comply with the provisions in Sec.
1054.625 and commit to the following:
(1) Give any EPA inspector or auditor complete and immediate access
to inspect and audit, as follows:
(i) Inspections and audits may be announced or unannounced.
(ii) Inspections and audits may be performed by EPA employees or EPA
contractors.
(iii) You must provide access to any location where--
(A) Any nonroad engine, equipment, or vehicle is produced or stored.
(B) Documents related to manufacturer operations are kept.
(C) Equipment, engines, or vehicles are tested or stored for
testing.
(iv) You must provide any documents requested by an EPA inspector or
auditor that are related to matters covered by the inspections or audit.
(v) EPA inspections and audits may include review and copying of any
documents related to demonstrating compliance with the exemptions in
Sec. 1054.625.
(vi) EPA inspections and audits may include inspection and
evaluation of complete or incomplete equipment, engines, or vehicles,
and interviewing employees.
(vii) You must make any of your employees available for interview by
the EPA inspector or auditor, on request, within a reasonable time
period.
(viii) You must provide English language translations of any
documents to an EPA inspector or auditor, on request, within 10 working
days.
(ix) You must provide English-language interpreters to accompany EPA
inspectors and auditors, on request.
(2) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.
(3) The forum for any civil or criminal enforcement action related
to the provisions of this section for violations of the Clean Air Act or
regulations promulgated thereunder shall be governed by the Clean Air
Act.
(4) The substantive and procedural laws of the United States shall
apply to any civil or criminal enforcement action against you or any of
your officers or employees related to the provisions of this section.
(5) Provide the notification required by Sec. 1054.625(g). Include
in the notice of intent in Sec. 1054.625(g)(1) a commitment to comply
with the requirements and obligations of Sec. 1054.625 and this
section. This commitment must be signed by the owner or president.
(6) You, your agents, officers, and employees must not seek to
detain or to impose civil or criminal remedies against EPA inspectors or
auditors, whether EPA employees or EPA contractors, for actions
performed within the scope of EPA employment related to the provisions
of this section.
(7) By submitting notification of your intent to use the provisions
of Sec. 1054.625, producing and exporting for resale to the United
States nonroad equipment under this section, or taking other actions to
comply with the requirements of this part, you, your agents, officers,
and employees, without exception, become subject to the full operation
of the administrative and judicial enforcement powers and provisions of
the United States as described in 28 U.S.C. 1605(a)(2), without
limitation based on sovereign immunity, for conduct that violates the
requirements applicable to you under this part 1054--including such
conduct that violates 18 U.S.C. 1001, 42 U.S.C. 7413(c)(2), or other
applicable provisions of the Clean Air Act--with respect to actions
instituted against you and your agents, officers, and employees in any
court or other tribunal in the United States.

[[Page 599]]

(8) Any report or other document you submit to us must be in the
English language or include a complete translation in English.
(9) You may be required to post a bond to cover any potential
enforcement actions under the Clean Air Act before you or anyone else
imports your equipment with exempted engines under this section, as
specified in Sec. 1054.690. Use the bond amount specified in Sec.
1054.690 without adjusting for inflation. Note that you may post a
single bond to meet the requirements of this section and Sec. 1054.690
together.
(b) The provisions of this paragraph (b) apply to importers that do
not install engines into equipment and do not have primary
responsibility for designing and manufacturing equipment. Such importers
may import equipment with engines exempted under Sec. 1054.625 only if
each engine is exempted under an allowance provided to an equipment
manufacturer meeting the requirements of Sec. 1054.625 and this
section. You must notify us of your intent to use the provisions of this
section and send us an annual report, as follows:
(1) Notify the Designated Compliance Officer in writing before you
use the provisions of Sec. 1054.625. Include the following information:
(i) Your company's name and address, and your parent company's name
and address, if applicable.
(ii) The name and address of the companies that produce the
equipment and engines you will be importing under this section.
(iii) Your best estimate of the number of units you will import
under this section in the upcoming calendar year, broken down by
equipment manufacturer.
(2) For each year that you use the provisions of this section, send
the Designated Compliance Officer a written report by March 31 of the
following year. Include in your report the total number of engines you
imported under this section in the preceding calendar year, broken down
by engine manufacturer and by equipment manufacturer.

Sec. 1054.630 What provisions apply for importation of individual items for

personal use?

(a) Any individual may import previously used nonconforming engines
for purposes other than resale, but no more than once in any five-year
period. This may include up to three nonconforming engines imported at
the same time. To import engines under this section, provide to the
Customs official the following information:
(1) Identify your name, address, and telephone number.
(2) If you are importing engines under this section on behalf of
another person, identify the ultimate engine owner's name, address, and
telephone number.
(3) Identify the total number of engines you are importing and
specify the make, model, identification number, and original production
year of each engine.
(4) State: ``I am importing these previously used engines for
personal use. I have not imported any engines under the provisions of 40
CFR 1054.630 within the previous five years. I am not importing these
engines for purpose of resale. I authorize EPA enforcement officers to
inspect my engines and my facilities as permitted by the Clean Air
Act.''
(b) We may require you to send us additional information but you do
not need written approval from us to import engines under this section.
We will also not require a U.S. Customs Service bond for engines you
import under this section.
(c) The provisions of this section may not be used to circumvent
emission standards that apply to new engines under this part. For
example, you may not purchase new engines and use them in a trivial
manner outside of the United States to qualify for importation under
this section.
(d) If you violate the provisions of this section, or submit false
information to obtain this exemption, you will be subject to civil
penalties as specified in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2) and (b)(5).

[[Page 600]]

Sec. 1054.635 What special provisions apply for small-volume engine and

equipment manufacturers?

This section describes how we apply the special provisions in this
part for small-volume engine and equipment manufacturers.
(a) If you qualify under paragraph (1) or (2) of the definition of
small-volume engine manufacturer or under paragraph (1) or (2) of the
definition of small-volume equipment manufacturer in Sec. 1054.801, the
small-volume provisions apply as specified in this part.
(b) If you are a small business (as defined by the Small Business
Administration at 13 CFR 121.201) that manufactures nonroad spark-
ignition engines or equipment, but you do not qualify under paragraph
(1) or (2) of the definition of small-volume engine manufacturer or
under paragraph (1) or (2) of the definition of small-volume equipment
manufacturer in Sec. 1054.801, you may ask us to designate you to be a
small-volume engine or equipment manufacturer. You may do this whether
you began manufacturing engines before, during, or after 2007. We may
set other reasonable conditions that are consistent with the intent of
this section and the Clean Air Act.
(c) Special provisions apply for small-volume engine and equipment
manufacturers, as illustrated by the following examples:
(1) Additional lead time and other provisions related to the
transition to new emission standards. See Sec. 1054.145.
(2) More flexible arrangements for creating engine families. See
Sec. 1054.230.
(3) Assigned deterioration factors. See Sec. 1054.240.
(4) Waived requirements for production-line testing. See Sec.
1054.301.
(5) Streamlined certification provisions for equipment manufacturers
relying on engine manufacturer's design parameters. See Sec. 1054.612.
(6) Additional allowances under the Transition Program for Equipment
Manufacturers. See Sec. 1054.625.
(7) Additional special provisions apply for small-volume engine and
equipment manufacturers under 40 CFR part 1068. For example, see 40 CFR
1068.250.
(d) Small-volume engine and equipment manufacturers may ask us to
waive or modify the requirements of Sec. 1054.690 if this would cause a
serious economic hardship, as long as you demonstrate to us in some
other way that you will meet any potential compliance-or enforcement-
related obligations. In evaluating such a request, we would consider the
extent to which there is a risk of noncompliance or nonconformity and
the extent to which the manufacturer could be expected to fulfill future
regulatory obligations and administrative judgments. We may also
consider how many years the manufacturer has certified engines without a
violation or a finding of noncompliance to determine whether to adjust
applicable asset thresholds or to reduce the minimum bond value. We may
set other reasonable conditions to ensure that the manufacturer will
meet applicable requirements.
(e) If you use any of the provisions of this part that apply
specifically to small-volume manufacturers and we find that you exceed
the production limits or otherwise do not qualify as a small-volume
manufacturer, we may consider you to be in violation of the requirements
that apply for companies that are not small-volume manufacturers for
those engines produced in excess of the specified production limits. If
you no longer qualify as a small-volume engine manufacturer (based on
increased production volumes or other factors), we will work with you to
determine a reasonable schedule for complying with additional
requirements that apply. For example, if you no longer qualify as a
small-volume engine manufacturer shortly before you certify your engines
for the next model year, we might allow you to use assigned
deterioration factors for one more model year.

Sec. 1054.640 What special provisions apply to branded engines?

The following provisions apply if you identify the name and
trademark of another company instead of your own on your emission
control information label, as provided by Sec. 1054.135(c)(2):
(a) You must have a contractual agreement with the other company
that obligates that company to take the following steps:

[[Page 601]]

(1) Meet the emission warranty requirements that apply under Sec.
1054.120. This may involve a separate agreement involving reimbursement
of warranty-related expenses.
(2) Report all warranty-related information to the certificate
holder.
(b) In your application for certification, identify the company
whose trademark you will use.
(c) You remain responsible for meeting all the requirements of this
chapter, including warranty and defect-reporting provisions.

Sec. 1054.645 What special provisions apply for converting an engine to use

an alternate fuel?

A certificate of conformity is no longer valid for an engine if the
engine is modified such that it is not in a configuration covered by the
certificate. This section applies if such modifications are done to
convert the engine to run on a different fuel type. Such engines may
need to be recertified as specified in this section if the certificate
is no longer valid for that engine.
(a) Converting a certified new engine to run on a different fuel
type violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) if the modified engine is not
covered by a certificate of conformity.
(b) Converting a certified engine that is not new to run on a
different fuel type violates 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1) if the modified
engine is not covered by a certificate of conformity. We may specify
alternate certification provisions consistent with the requirements of
this part. For example, you may certify the modified engine for a
partial useful life. For example, if the engine is modified halfway
through its original useful life period, you may generally certify the
engine based on completing the original useful life period; or if the
engine is modified after the original useful life period is past, you
may generally certify the engine based on testing that does not involve
further durability demonstration.
(c) Engines may be certified using the certification procedures for
new engines as specified in this part or using the certification
procedures for aftermarket parts as specified in 40 CFR part 85, subpart
V. Unless the original engine manufacturer continues to be responsible
for the engine as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, you must
remove the original engine manufacturer's emission control information
label if you recertify the engine.
(d) The original engine manufacturer is not responsible for
operation of modified engines in configurations resulting from
modifications performed by others. In cases where the modification
allows an engine to be operated in either its original configuration or
a modified configuration, the original engine manufacturer remains
responsible for operation of the modified engine in its original
configuration.
(e) Entities producing conversion kits may obtain certificates of
conformity for the converted engines. Such entities are engine
manufacturers for purposes of this part.

Sec. 1054.650 What special provisions apply for adding or changing governors?

The special provisions in this section apply for engines that will
not be governed to control engine speeds consistent with the constant-
speed operation reflected by the duty cycles specified in Sec.
1054.505. We refer to these as constant-speed governors in this section.
Paragraph (a) of this section also applies for any engines shipped
without installed governors.
(a) The representative-testing requirements of 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(1)
related to in-use duty cycles do not apply to engines you produce and
ship without constant-speed governors if you comply with all the
following requirements:
(1) You must have test data showing that the effectiveness of the
engine's emission controls over the expected range of in-use operation
will be similar to that measured over the specified duty cycle.
Alternatively, if your emission controls depend on maintaining a
consistent air-fuel ratio, you may demonstrate that the engine is
calibrated to maintain a consistent air-fuel ratio over the expected
range of in-use operation.
(2) Describe in your application for certification the data and
analysis that supports your conclusion.

[[Page 602]]

(b) It is a violation of the tampering provisions in 40 CFR
1068.101(b)(1) to remove a governor from a certified engine unless you
recertify the engine in the modified configuration.

Sec. 1054.655 What special provisions apply for installing and removing

altitude kits?

Sec. 1054.660 What are the provisions for exempting emergency rescue

equipment?

The provisions of this section apply for new equipment built on or
after January 1, 2010.
(a) Equipment manufacturers may introduce into U.S. commerce
equipment that is not certified to current emission standards under the
following conditions if the equipment will be used solely in emergency
rescue situations:
(1) You must determine annually that no engines certified to current
emission standards are available to power the equipment safely and
practically. We may review your records supporting this determination at
any time.
(2) You may not use exempted engines for the following equipment
used to provide remote power to a rescue tool: generators, alternators,
compressors, or pumps.
(3) If engines that meet less stringent emission standards are
capable of powering your equipment safely and practically, you must use
them as a condition of this exemption. You must use available engines
meeting the most stringent standards feasible.
(4) You must send the engine manufacturer a written request for each
exempted equipment model.
(5) You must notify the Designated Compliance Officer of your intent
to use the provisions of this section. We may require you to notify us
annually or to send us annual reports describing how you meet the
conditions of this section.
(b) For the purposes of this section, ``emergency rescue
situations'' means firefighting or other situations in which a person is
retrieved from imminent danger.
(c) As an engine manufacturer, you may produce exempt engines under
this section without our prior approval if you have a written request
for an exempted engine for use in emergency rescue equipment from the
equipment manufacturer. You must permanently label engines with the
following statement: ``EMERGENCY RESCUE EQUIPMENT--EXEMPT FROM EMISSION
STANDARDS UNDER 40 CFR 1054.660.'' Failure to properly label an engine
will void the exemption.
(d) We may discontinue an exemption under this section if we find
that engines are not used solely for emergency rescue equipment or if we
find that a certified engine is available to power the equipment safely
and practically.

Sec. 1054.690 What bond requirements apply for certified engines?

(a) Before introducing certified engines into U.S. commerce, you
must post a bond to cover any potential compliance or enforcement
actions under the Clean Air Act unless you demonstrate to us in your
application for certification that you are able to meet any potential
compliance- or enforcement-related obligations, as described in this
section. See paragraph (j) of this section for the requirements related
to importing engines that have been certified by someone else. Note that
you might also post bond under this section to meet your obligations
under Sec. 1054.120.
(b) The bonding requirements apply if you do not have long-term
assets in the United States meeting any of the following thresholds:
(1) A threshold of $3 million applies if you have been a certificate
holder in each of the preceding ten years without failing a test
conducted by EPA officials or having been found by EPA to be
noncompliant under applicable regulations.
(2) A threshold of $6 million applies if you are a secondary engine
manufacturer.

[[Page 603]]

(3) A threshold of $10 million applies if you do not qualify for the
smaller bond thresholds in paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section.
(c) For the purpose of establishing your level of long-term assets
under paragraph (b) of this section, include the values from your most
recent balance sheet for buildings, land, and fixed equipment, but
subtract depreciation and related long-term liabilities (such as a
mortgage). If you have sufficient long-term assets to avoid bond
payments under this section, you must identify the location of these
assets in your application for certification.
(d) The minimum value of the bond is $500,000. A higher bond value
may apply based on the per-engine bond values shown in Table 1 to this
section and on the U.S.-directed production volume from each
displacement grouping for the calendar model year. For example, if you
have projected U.S.-directed production volumes of 10,000 engines with
180 cc displacement and 10,000 engines with 400 cc displacement in 2013,
the appropriate bond amount is $750,000. Adjust the value of the bond as
follows:
(1) If your estimated or actual U.S.-directed production volume in
any later year increases beyond the level appropriate for your current
bond payment, you must post additional bond to reflect the increased
volume within 90 days after you change your estimate or determine the
actual production volume. You may not decrease your bond.
(2) If you sell engines without aftertreatment components under the
provisions of Sec. 1054.610, you must increase the per-engine bond
values for the current year by 20 percent.

Table 1 to Sec. 1054.690--Per-engine bond values
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The per-engine
For engines with displacement falling in the following bond value is .
ranges . . . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disp. < 225 cc......................................... $25
225 <= Disp. < 740 cc.................................. 50
740 <= Disp. <= 1,000 cc............................... 100
Disp. 1,000 cc............................. 200
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) The threshold identified in paragraph (b) of this section and
the bond values identified in paragraph (d) of this section are in 2008
dollars. Adjust these values in 2010 and later calendar years by
comparing the Consumer Price Index values published by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics for the preceding June and June 2008 (see ftp://
ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt). Round calculated values
for the thresholds and for total bond obligations to the nearest
thousand dollars.
(f) You may meet the bond requirements of this section by obtaining
a bond from a third-party surety that is cited in the U.S. Department of
Treasury Circular 570, ``Companies Holding Certificates of Authority as
Acceptable Sureties on Federal Bonds and as Acceptable Reinsuring
Companies'' (http://www.fms.treas.gov/c570/c570.html#certified). You
must maintain this bond for every year in which you sell certified
engines. The surety agent remains responsible for obligations under the
bond for two years after the bond is cancelled or expires without being
replaced.
(g) If you forfeit some or all of your bond in an enforcement
action, you must post any appropriate bond for continuing sale within 90
days after you forfeit the bond amount.
(h) You will forfeit the proceeds of the bond posted under this
section if you need to satisfy any United States administrative
settlement agreement, administrative final order, or judicial judgment
against you arising from your violation of this chapter, or violation of
18 U.S.C. 1001, 42 U.S.C. 7413(c)(2), or other applicable provisions of
the Clean Air Act.
(i) If you are required to post a bond under this section, you must
note that in your application for certification as described in Sec.
1054.205. Your certification is conditioned on your compliance with this
section. Your certificate is automatically suspended if you fail to
comply with the requirements of this section. We may also revoke your
certificate.
(j) The following provisions apply if you import engines for resale
when those engines have been certified by someone else (or equipment
containing such engines):
(1) You and the certificate holder are each responsible for
compliance with the requirements of this part and the

[[Page 604]]

Clean Air Act. For example, we may require you to comply with the
warranty requirements in Sec. 1054.120.
(2) You do not need to post bond if you or the certificate holder
complies with the bond requirements of this section. You also do not
need to post bond if the certificate holder complies with the asset
requirements of this section and the repair-network provisions of Sec.
1054.120(f)(4).

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8426, Feb. 24, 2009; 75
FR 23025, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

Sec. 1054.701 General provisions.

(a) You may average, bank, and trade (ABT) emission credits for
purposes of certification as described in this subpart to show
compliance with the standards of this part. This applies for engines
with respect to exhaust emissions and for equipment with respect to
evaporative emissions. Participation in this program is voluntary.
(b) The definitions of subpart I of this part apply to this subpart.
The following definitions also apply:
(1) Actual emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have verified by reviewing your final report.
(2) Averaging set means a set of engines (or equipment) in which
emission credits may be exchanged only with other engines (or equipment)
in the same averaging set.
(3) Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission
credits between a buyer and seller.
(4) Buyer means the entity that receives emission credits as a
result of a trade.
(5) Family means engine family for exhaust credits or emission
family for evaporative credits.
(6) Reserved emission credits means emission credits you have
generated that we have not yet verified by reviewing your final report.
(7) Seller means the entity that provides emission credits during a
trade.
(8) Standard means the emission standard that applies under subpart
B of this part for engines or fuel-system components not participating
in the ABT program of this subpart.
(9) Trade means to exchange emission credits, either as a buyer or
seller.
(c) The use of emission credits is limited to averaging sets, as
follows:
(1) You may not average or exchange exhaust credits with evaporative
credits, or vice versa.
(2) Handheld engines and nonhandheld engines are in separate
averaging sets with respect to exhaust emissions except as specified in
Sec. 1054.740(e). You may use emission credits generated under 40 CFR
part 90 for handheld engines subject to the standards in Sec. 1054.103
only if you can demonstrate that those credits were generated by
handheld engines, except as specified in Sec. 1054.740(e). You may use
emission credits generated under 40 CFR part 90 for nonhandheld engines
only if you can demonstrate that those credits were generated by
nonhandheld engines, subject to the provisions of Sec. 1054.740.
(3) Equipment using handheld engines and equipment using nonhandheld
engines are in separate averaging sets with respect to evaporative
emissions. You may not average or exchange evaporative credits between
either of these averaging sets.
(4) For purposes of calculating emission credits under this subpart,
engines with displacement at or below 80 cc are presumed to be handheld
engines. You may treat these as nonhandheld engines for calculating
exhaust or evaporative emission credits only for those engines you can
demonstrate will be installed in nonhandheld equipment. For example, if
50 percent of engines in a family will be used in nonhandheld equipment,
you may calculate the emission credits for 50 percent of the engines to
be nonhandheld credits. Use the specified calculation methods for
handheld engines to quantify positive or negative exhaust emission
credits for all engines at or below 80 cc.
(d) You may not generate evaporative credits based on permeation
measurements from metal fuel tanks.
(e) You may not use emission credits generated under this subpart to
offset any emissions that exceed an FEL or standard. This applies for
all testing, including certification testing, in-use testing, selective
enforcement audits,

[[Page 605]]

and other production-line testing. However, if exhaust emissions from an
engine exceed an exhaust FEL or standard (for example, during a
selective enforcement audit), you may use emission credits to recertify
the family with a higher FEL that applies only to future production.
(f) Emission credits may be used in the model year they are
generated (averaging) and in future model years (banking). Emission
credits may not be used for past model years.
(g) You may increase or decrease an exhaust FEL during the model
year by amending your application for certification under Sec.
1054.225. See 40 CFR 1060.225 for provisions related to changing an FEL
for fuel tank permeation.
(h) Engine and equipment manufacturers certifying with respect to
evaporative emissions may use emission credits to demonstrate compliance
under this subpart. Component manufacturers may establish FELs for their
certified products, but they may not generate or use emission credits
under this subpart.
(i) In your application for certification, base your showing of
compliance on projected production volumes for engines or equipment
intended for sale in the United States. As described in Sec. 1054.730,
compliance with the requirements of this subpart is determined at the
end of the model year based on actual production volumes for engines or
equipment intended for sale in the United States. Do not include any of
the following engines or equipment to calculate emission credits:
(1) Engines or equipment exempted under subpart G of this part or
under 40 CFR part 1068.
(2) Engines or equipment intended for export.
(3) Engines or equipment that are subject to state emission
standards for that model year. However, this restriction does not apply
if we determine that the state standards and requirements are equivalent
to those of this part and that products sold in such a state will not
generate credits under the state program. For example, you may not
include engines or equipment certified for California if California has
more stringent emission standards for these products or if your products
generate or use emission credits under the California program.
(4) Engines or equipment not subject to the requirements of this
part, such as those excluded under Sec. 1054.5.
(5) Any other engines or equipment where we indicate elsewhere in
this part 1054 that they are not to be included in the calculations of
this subpart.

Sec. 1054.705 How do I generate and calculate exhaust emission credits?

The provisions of this section apply for calculating exhaust
emission credits. You may generate exhaust emission credits only if you
are a certifying engine manufacturer.
(a) For each participating family, calculate positive or negative
emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission standard.
Calculate positive emission credits for a family that has an FEL below
the standard. Calculate negative emission credits for a family that has
an FEL above the standard. Sum your positive and negative credits for
the model year before rounding. Round the sum of emission credits to the
nearest kilogram (kg) using consistent units throughout the following
equation:

Emission credits (kg) = (STD - FEL) x (Volume) x (Power) x (UL) x (LF) x
(10^-3)

Where:
STD = the emission standard, in g/kW-hr.
FEL = the family emission limit for the family, in g/kW-hr.
Volume = the number of engines eligible to participate in the averaging,
banking, and trading program within the given family during the model
year, as described in Sec. 1054.701(i).
Power = the maximum modal power of the emission-data engine as
calculated from the applicable test procedure described in subpart F of
this part, in kilowatts.
UL = the useful life for the given family, in hours.
LF = load factor. Use 0.47 for nonhandheld engines and 0.85 for handheld
engines. We may specify a different load factor if we approve the use of
special test procedures for a family under 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(2),
consistent with good engineering judgment.

(b) [Reserved]

[[Page 606]]

Sec. 1054.706 How do I generate and calculate evaporative emission credits?

The provisions of this section apply for calculating evaporative
emission credits related to fuel tank permeation. You may generate
credits only if you are a certifying equipment manufacturer. This may
include engine manufacturers that make engines with complete fuel
systems as described in Sec. 1054.2.
(a) For each participating family, calculate positive or negative
emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission standard.
Calculate positive emission credits for a family that has an FEL below
the standard. Calculate negative emission credits for a family that has
an FEL above the standard. Sum your positive and negative credits for
the model year before rounding. Round the sum of emission credits to the
nearest kilogram (kg) using consistent units throughout the following
equation:

Emission credits (kg) = (STD-FEL) x (Total Area) x (UL) x (AF) x (365) x
(10^-3)

Where:
STD = the emission standard, in g/m²/day.
FEL = the family emission limit for the family, in g/m²/day,
as described in paragraph (b) of this section.
Total Area = The combined internal surface area of all fuel tanks in the
family, taking production volume into account, in m².
UL = 5 years, which represents the useful life for the given family.
AF= adjustment factor. Use 1.0 for testing at 28 [deg]C; use 0.60 for
testing at 40 [deg]C.

(b) For calculating credits under paragraph (a) of this section, the
emission standard and FEL must both be based on test measurements at the
same temperature (28 [deg] or 40 [deg]C). Determine the FEL for
calculating emission credits relative to testing at 28 [deg]C as
described in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section. Determine the
FEL for calculating emission credits relative to testing at 40 [deg]C as
described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
(1) To use an FEL below 5.0 g/m²/day, it must be based on
emission measurements.
(2) The provisions of this paragraph (b)(2) apply for all emission
families with FELs at or above 5.0 g/m²/day. To calculate
emission credits for such emission families, you must choose from one of
the following options and apply it to all your emission families with
FELs at or above 5.0 g/m²/day:
(i) Option 1: Establish all your FELs based on emission
measurements. This may include measurements from a certifying fuel tank
manufacturer.
(ii) Option 2: Use an assigned FEL of 10.4 g/m²/day. This
would apply without regard to whether any of these emission families
have measured emission levels below 10.4 g/m²/day. If any of
your fuel tanks were otherwise certified (by you or the fuel tank
manufacturer) with an FEL at or above 5.0 g/m²/day, the
assigned FEL of 10.4 g/m²/day applies only for emission
credit calculations.
(3) Determine the FEL for calculating emission credits relative to
testing at 40 [deg]C as described in paragraph (b)(1) and (2) of this
section, but use 8.3 g/m²/day instead of 5.0 g/m²/
day and use 17.3 g/m²/day instead of 10.4 g/m²/
day.

Sec. 1054.710 How do I average emission credits?

(a) Averaging is the exchange of emission credits among your
families. You may average emission credits only within the same
averaging set.
(b) You may certify one or more families to an FEL above the
emission standard, subject to the FEL caps and other provisions in
subpart B of this part, if you show in your application for
certification that your projected balance of all emission-credit
transactions in that model year is greater than or equal to zero.
(c) If you certify a family to an FEL that exceeds the otherwise
applicable standard, you must obtain enough emission credits to offset
the family's deficit by the due date for the final report required in
Sec. 1054.730. The emission credits used to address the deficit may
come from your other families that generate emission credits in the same
model year, from emission credits you have banked, or from emission
credits you obtain through trading.

[[Page 607]]

Sec. 1054.715 How do I bank emission credits?

(a) Banking is the retention of emission credits by the manufacturer
generating the emission credits for use in future model years for
averaging or trading. You may use banked emission credits only within
the averaging set in which they were generated, except as described in
this subpart.
(b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the
reports you submit under Sec. 1054.730. During the model year and
before the due date for the final report, you may designate your
reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
(c) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit
your final report. However, we may revoke these emission credits if we
are unable to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your
records.

Sec. 1054.720 How do I trade emission credits?

(a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between
manufacturers. You may use traded emission credits for averaging,
banking, or further trading transactions. Traded emission credits may be
used only within the averaging set in which they were generated, except
as described in this subpart.
(b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this
subpart. You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may revoke
these emission credits based on our review of your records or reports or
those of the company with which you traded emission credits. You may
trade banked credits within an averaging set to any certifying engine or
equipment manufacturer.
(c) If a negative emission credit balance results from a
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we
deem to involve fraud. See Sec. 1054.255(e) for cases involving fraud.
We may void the certificates of all families participating in a trade
that results in a manufacturer having a negative balance of emission
credits. See Sec. 1054.745.

Sec. 1054.725 What must I include in my application for certification?

Sec. 1054.730 What ABT reports must I send to EPA?

(a) If any of your families are certified using the ABT provisions
of this subpart, you must send an end-of-year report within 90 days
after the end of the model year and a final report within 270 days after
the end of the model year. We may waive the requirement to send the end-
of-year report as long as you send the final report on time.
(b) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
information for each family participating in the ABT program:
(1) Family designation.
(2) The emission standards that would otherwise apply to the family.
(3) The FEL for each pollutant. If you change the FEL after the
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new
FEL and/or give the engine identification number for the first engine
covered by the new

[[Page 608]]

FEL. In this case, identify each applicable FEL and calculate the
positive or negative emission credits under each FEL.
(4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for
the model year, as described in Sec. 1054.701(i). For fuel tanks, state
the production volume in terms of surface area and production volume for
each fuel tank configuration and state the total surface area for the
emission family. If you changed an FEL during the model year, identify
the actual production volume associated with each FEL.
(5) The maximum modal power of the emission-data engine or the
appropriate internal surface area of the fuel tank.
(6) Useful life.
(7) Calculated positive or negative emission credits for the whole
family. Identify any emission credits that you traded, as described in
paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(c) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
additional information:
(1) Show that your net balance of emission credits from all your
participating families in each averaging set in the applicable model
year is not negative.
(2) State whether you will retain any emission credits for banking.
(3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
(d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within
90 days after the transaction, as follows:
(1) As the seller, you must include the following information in
your report:
(i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) The families that generated emission credits for the trade,
including the number of emission credits from each family.
(2) As the buyer, you must include the following information in your
report:
(i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
(ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
(iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the
number of emission credits you intend to apply to each family (if
known).
(e) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(f) Correct errors in your end-of-year report or final report as
follows:
(1) You may correct any errors in your end-of-year report when you
prepare the final report as long as you send us the final report by the
time it is due.
(2) If you or we determine within 270 days after the end of the
model year that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission
credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of
emission credits. You may not make these corrections for errors that are
determined more than 270 days after the end of the model year. If you
report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow
corrections under this paragraph (f)(2).
(3) If you or we determine anytime that errors mistakenly increased
your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors and
recalculate the balance of emission credits.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23026, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1054.735 What records must I keep?

[[Page 609]]

(d) Keep records of the engine identification number for each engine
or piece of equipment you produce that generates or uses emission
credits under the ABT program. You may identify these numbers as a
range. If you change the FEL after the start of production, identify the
date you started using each FEL and the range of engine identification
numbers associated with each FEL.
(e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us
relevant information not required by this section in accordance with the
Clean Air Act.

Sec. 1054.740 What special provisions apply for generating and using emission

credits?

(a) You may generate Phase 3 emission credits from 2008 through 2011
model year Class I engines if you voluntarily meet the Phase 3 exhaust
emission standards specified in Sec. 1054.105. Divide these into
transitional and enduring emission credits as follows:
(1) Transitional credits are based on reducing emissions from Phase
2 levels down to Phase 3 levels. Calculate the value of transitional
emission credits as described in Sec. 1054.705, based on setting STD
equal to 15.0 g/kW-hr and FEL equal to 10.0 g/kW-hr. You may use these
transitional credits only for Class I engines in 2012 through 2014 model
years. You may not use these transitional credits for Class II engines.
(2) Enduring credits are based on reducing emissions below Phase 3
levels. Calculate the value of enduring credits as described in Sec.
1054.705, based on setting STD equal to 10.0 g/kW-hr and FEL to the
value of the family emission limit you select for the family. You may
use these enduring credits for any nonhandheld engines certified to the
Phase 3 standards under this part, except as specified in paragraph (d)
of this section.
(b) You may generate Phase 3 emission credits from 2008 through 2010
model year Class II engines if you voluntarily meet the Phase 3 exhaust
emission standards specified in Sec. 1054.105. Divide these into
transitional and enduring emission credits as follows:
(1) Transitional credits are based on reducing emissions from Phase
2 levels down to Phase 3 levels. Calculate the value of transitional
emission credits as described in Sec. 1054.705, based on setting STD
equal to 11.0 g/kW-hr and FEL equal to 8.0 g/kW-hr. You may use these
transitional credits only for Class II engines in 2011 through 2013
model years. You may not use these transitional credits for Class I
engines.
(2) Enduring credits are based on reducing emissions below Phase 3
levels. Calculate the value of enduring credits as described in Sec.
1054.705, based on setting STD equal to 8.0 g/kW-hr and FEL to the value
of the family emission limit you select for the family. You may use
these enduring credits for any nonhandheld engines certified to the
Phase 3 standards under this part, except as specified in paragraph (d)
of this section.
(c) You may use emission credits generated by Class I and Class II
engines subject to Phase 2 emission standards under 40 CFR part 90 to
demonstrate compliance with the Phase 3 exhaust emission standards, but
only after you have exhausted all transitional credits from engines
meeting Phase 3 standards, subject to the conditions of paragraph (d) of
this section. You may use these Phase 2 emission credits only in the
2012 and 2013 model years for Class I engines and only in the 2011
through 2013 model years for Class II engines. Determine a maximum
number of Phase 2 emission credits for demonstrating compliance with the
Phase 3 standards for a given engine class (Class I or Class II) as
follows:
(1) Calculate a Phase 2 credit allowance for each engine class based
on production information for model years 2007, 2008, and 2009 using the
following equation:

Credit allowance (kg) = (Emissions Delta) x (Volume) x (Avg. Power) x
(Avg. UL) x (LF) x(10^-3)

Where:

Emissions Delta = 1.6 g/kW-hr for Class I and 2.1 g/kW-hr for Class II.
Volume = the number of your engines eligible to participate in the
averaging, banking, and trading program, as described in Sec.
1054.701(i), based on actual U.S.-directed production volumes.

[[Page 610]]

Avg. Power = the production-weighted average value of the maximum modal
power for all your engine families in the engine class, as described in
Sec. 1054.705(a), in kilowatts.
Avg. UL = the production-weighted average value of the useful life for
all your engine families in the engine class, in hours.
LF = load factor. Use 0.47.

(2) Do not include wintertime engines in the calculation of credit
allowances unless they are certified to meet the otherwise applicable
HC+NOX emission standard.
(3) Calculate the average annual Phase 2 credit allowance for each
engine class over three model years as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of
this section. The resulting average value is the maximum number of Phase
2 emission credits you may use under this paragraph (c) for each engine
class.
(4) For 2013 and earlier model years, include in the reports
described in Sec. 1054.730 the total allowable number of Phase 2
emission credits and your cumulative totals of Phase 2 credits you have
used to comply with the requirements of this part for each engine class.
(d) If you generate enduring emission credits from Class I engines
under paragraph (a) of this section, you may not use these for Class II
engines in the 2011 or 2012 model year. Similarly, if you generate
enduring emission credits from Class II engines under paragraph (b) of
this section, you may not use these for Class I engines in the 2012
model year. These restrictions also apply for emission credits you
generate for engines subject to the standards of this part in the 2011
or 2012 model year.
(e) You may use Phase 2 or Phase 3 emission credits from nonhandheld
engines to demonstrate compliance with the Phase 3 standards for
handheld engines subject to the following restrictions:
(1) The handheld family must be certified in 2008 and all later
model years using carryover of emission data from an engine family that
was most recently certified with new emission data in 2007 or an earlier
model year.
(2) The handheld family's FEL may not increase above the level
selected for the 2007 model year in later years unless such an increase
is based on emission data from production engines.
(3) Your total production of handheld engines certified under this
paragraph (e) may not exceed 30,000 in any model year.

Sec. 1054.745 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this

subpart?

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1054.801 What definitions apply to this part?

[[Page 611]]

access if it cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without
significantly degrading engine performance, or if you otherwise show us
that it will not be adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in-
use operation.
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, thermal reactor, or any other system, component, or technology
mounted downstream of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design
function is to decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is
exhausted to the environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR),
turbochargers, and oxygen sensors are not aftertreatment.
Alcohol-fueled engine means an engine that is designed to run using
an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do not
include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below 25 percent by volume.
Amphibious vehicle means a vehicle with wheels or tracks that is
designed primarily for operation on land and secondarily for operation
in water.
Applicable emission standard or applicable standard means an
emission standard to which an engine (or equipment) is subject.
Additionally, if an engine (or equipment) has been or is being certified
to another standard or FEL, applicable emission standard means the FEL
or other standard to which the engine (or equipment) has been or is
being certified. This definition does not apply to subpart H of this
part.
Auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or any
other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.
Brake power means the usable power output of the engine, not
including power required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine,
circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment devices.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year as described in Sec. 1054.235(d).
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an emission family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in an emission family for a given pollutant from either transient
or steady-state testing.
Class I means relating to nonhandheld engines with total
displacement below 225 cc. See Sec. 1054.101 for special provisions
that apply for engines with total displacement at or below 80 cc.
Class II means relating to nonhandheld engines with total
displacement at or above 225 cc.
Class III means relating to handheld engines with total displacement
below 20 cc.
Class IV means relating to handheld engines with total displacement
at or above 20 cc but below 50 cc.
Class V means relating to handheld engines with total displacement
at or above 50 cc.
Clean Air Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-
7671q.
Cold-weather equipment is limited to the following types of handheld
equipment: chainsaws, cut-off saws, clearing saws, brush cutters with
engines at or above 40cc, commercial earth and wood drills, and ice
augers. This includes earth augers if they are also marketed as ice
augers.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and
other related internal parts.
Critical emission-related component means any of the following
components:
(1) Electronic control units, aftertreatment devices, fuel-metering
components, EGR-system components, crankcase-ventilation valves, all
components related to charge-air compression and cooling, air filters,
spark

[[Page 612]]

plugs, and all sensors and actuators associated with any of these
components.
(2) Any other component whose primary purpose is to reduce
emissions.
Date of manufacture has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Days means calendar days unless otherwise specified. For example,
when we specify working days we mean calendar days, excluding weekends
and U.S. national holidays.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy-Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement
Division (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data engine.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the
end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point (see
Sec. Sec. 1054.240 and 1054.245), expressed in one of the following
ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions
at the end of useful life to emissions at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test
point.
Discrete-mode means relating to the discrete-mode type of steady-
state test described in Sec. 1054.505.
Displacement has the meaning given in Sec. 1054.140.
Dry weight means the weight of the equipment as sold without fuel,
oil, or engine coolant.
Dual-fuel engine means an engine designed for operation on two
different fuels but not on a continuous mixture of those fuels.
Emission control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants
from an engine.
Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for
certification. This includes engines tested to establish deterioration
factors.
Emission-data equipment means an engine, piece of equipment, or fuel
system component that is tested for certification. This includes units
tested to establish deterioration factors.
Emission family has the meaning given in Sec. 1054.230. We may
refer to emission families as ``engine families'' where provisions
relate only to exhaust emissions from engines.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. This includes
complete and partially complete engines.
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware
and calibration within an emission family. Engines within a single
engine configuration differ only with respect to normal production
variability.
Engine manufacturer means the manufacturer of the engine. See the
definition of ``manufacturer'' in this section.
Equipment means any mechanical device commonly known as equipment,
including vehicles. If the equipment has an installed engine, the term
equipment includes the installed engine and fuel system components.
Equipment manufacturer means a manufacturer of nonroad equipment.
All nonroad equipment manufacturing entities under the control of the
same person are considered to be a single nonroad equipment
manufacturer. (Note: In Sec. 1054.626, the term ``equipment
manufacturer'' has a narrower meaning that applies only to that
section.).
Evaporative means relating to fuel emissions controlled by 40 CFR
part 1060. This generally includes emissions that result from permeation
of fuel through the fuel-system materials or from ventilation of the
fuel system.
Excluded means relating to an engine that either:
(1) Has been determined not to be a nonroad engine, as specified in
40 CFR 1068.30; or
(2) Is a nonroad engine that, according to Sec. 1054.5, is not
subject to this part 1054.

[[Page 613]]

Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) means a technology that reduces
emissions by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the
combustion chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air
before or during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the
amount of residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is
mixed with incoming air before or during combustion is not considered
exhaust-gas recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission
standard under the ABT program in subpart H of this part. The family
emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as
the emission standard it replaces. The family emission limit serves as
the emission standard for the engine family (exhaust) or emission family
(evaporative) with respect to all required testing.
Flexible-fuel engine means an engine designed for operation on any
mixture of two or more different fuels.
Fuel line means hose or tubing designed to contain liquid fuel
(including molded hose or tubing). This does not include any of the
following:
(1) Fuel tank vent lines.
(2) Segments of hose or tubing whose external surface is normally
exposed to liquid fuel inside the fuel tank.
(3) Hose or tubing designed to return unused fuel from the
carburetor to the fuel tank for handheld engines.
(4) Primer bulbs that contain liquid fuel only for priming the
engine before starting.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering,
and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s),
including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel
lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system
vents.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type,
such as low-temperature or all-season gasoline.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good
engineering judgment.
Handheld means relating to equipment that meets any of the following
criteria:
(1) It is carried by the operator throughout the performance of its
intended function.
(2) It is designed to operate multi-positionally, such as upside
down or sideways, to complete its intended function.
(3) It has a combined engine and equipment dry weight under 16.0
kilograms, has no more than two wheels, and at least one of the
following attributes is also present:
(i) The operator provides support or carries the equipment
throughout the performance of its intended function. Carry means to
completely bear the weight of the equipment, including the engine.
Support means to hold a piece of equipment in position to prevent it
from falling, slipping, or sinking, without carrying it.
(ii) The operator provides support or attitudinal control for the
equipment throughout the performance of its intended function.
Attitudinal control involves regulating the horizontal or vertical
position of the equipment.
(4) It is an auger with a combined engine and equipment dry weight
under 22.0 kilograms.
(5) It is used in a recreational application with a combined total
vehicle dry weight under 20.0 kilograms. Note that snowmobiles, offroad
motorcycles, and all-terrain vehicles are regulated under 40 CFR part
1051 and marine vessels are regulated under 40 CFR part 1045.
(6) It is a hand-supported jackhammer or rammer/compactor. This does
not include equipment that can remain upright without operator support,
such as a plate compactor.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type, as described in subpart B of
this part.
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a

[[Page 614]]

particular engine from other similar engines.
Integrated equipment manufacturer means an equipment manufacturer
that also manufactures the engines for its equipment. Equipment
manufacturers that manufacture the engines for some but not all of their
equipment are considered to be integrated manufacturers for that
equipment using the manufacturer's own engines.
Intermediate-speed equipment means nonhandheld equipment in which
the installed engine is intended for operation at speeds substantially
below 3600 rpm.
Low-hour means relating to an engine that is considered to have
stabilized emissions and represents the undeteriorated emission level. A
low-hour engine typically operates no more than a few hours beyond the
minimum stabilization period. However, a low-hour engine could have more
hours as long as emissions remain stable. In the absence of other
information, a low-hour engine with a useful life of 300 hours or less
would generally have operated no more than 15 hours and a low-hour
engine with a longer useful life would generally have operated no more
than 24 hours.
Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing,
constructing, and assembling an engine or piece of equipment.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Clean
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550(1)). In general, this term includes any person
who manufactures an engine, vehicle, vessel, or piece of equipment for
sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new nonroad engine
or piece of equipment into U.S. commerce. This includes importers who
import engines, equipment, or vehicles for resale, but not dealers. All
manufacturing entities under the control of the same person are
considered to be a single manufacturer.
Marine engine means a nonroad engine that is installed or intended
to be installed on a vessel. There are two kinds of marine engines:
(1) Propulsion marine engine means a marine engine that moves a
vessel through the water or directs the vessel's movement.
(2) Auxiliary marine engine means a marine engine not used for
propulsion. This includes a portable auxiliary marine engine only if its
fueling, cooling, or exhaust system is an integral part of the vessel.
Marine generator engine means an auxiliary marine engine used
primarily to operate an electrical generator or alternator to produce
electric power.
Marine vessel has the meaning given in 1 U.S.C. 3, except that it
does not include amphibious vehicles. The definition in 1 U.S.C. 3 very
broadly includes every craft capable of being used as a means of
transportation on water.
Maximum engine power has the meaning given in Sec. 1054.140.
Maximum test torque has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Model year has the meaning given in 40 CFR part 1060 for equipment
and means one of the following things for engines:
(1) For freshly manufactured engines (see definition of ``new
nonroad engine,'' paragraph (1)), model year means your annual new model
production period. This must include January 1 of the calendar year for
which the model year is named. It may not begin before January 2 of the
previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the named
calendar year. For seasonal production periods not including January 1,
model year means the calendar year in which the production occurs,
unless you choose to certify the applicable emission family with the
following model year. For example, if your production period is June 1,
2010 through November 30, 2010, your model year would be 2010 unless you
choose to certify the emission family for model year 2011.
(2) For an engine that is converted to a nonroad engine after being
placed into service as a stationary engine, or being certified and
placed into service as a motor vehicle engine, model year means the
calendar year in which the engine was originally produced. For a motor
vehicle engine that is converted to be a nonroad engine without having
been certified, model year means the calendar year in which the engine
becomes a new nonroad engine. (See definition of ``new nonroad engine,''
paragraph (2).)

[[Page 615]]

(3) For a nonroad engine excluded under Sec. 1054.5 that is later
converted to operate in an application that is not excluded, model year
means the calendar year in which the engine was originally produced (see
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (3)).
(4) For engines that are not freshly manufactured but are installed
in new nonroad equipment, model year means the calendar year in which
the engine is installed in the new nonroad equipment (see definition of
``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (4)).
(5) For imported engines:
(i) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(i) of the
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year has the meaning given
in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition.
(ii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(ii) of the
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year means the calendar year
in which the engine is assembled in its final certified configuration.
(iii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(iii) of the
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year means the calendar year
in which the engine is assembled in its imported configuration, unless
specified otherwise in this part or in 40 CFR part 1068.
Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703(a).
New nonroad engine means any of the following things:
(1) A freshly manufactured nonroad engine for which the ultimate
purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title. This kind of
engine might commonly be thought of as ``brand new.'' In the case of
this paragraph (1), the engine is new from the time it is produced until
the ultimate purchaser receives the title or the product is placed into
service, whichever comes first.
(2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine or a
stationary engine that is later used or intended to be used in a piece
of nonroad equipment. In this case, the engine is no longer a motor
vehicle or stationary engine and becomes a ``new nonroad engine.'' The
engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service. This
paragraph (2) applies if a motor vehicle engine or a stationary engine
is installed in nonroad equipment, or if a motor vehicle or a piece of
stationary equipment is modified (or moved) to become nonroad equipment.
(3) A nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service in
an application we exclude under Sec. 1054.5, when that engine is
installed in a piece of equipment that is covered by this part 1054. The
engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service covered
by this part 1054. For example, this would apply to a marine-propulsion
engine that is no longer used in a marine vessel but is instead
installed in a piece of nonroad equipment subject to the provisions of
this part.
(4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this
definition that is intended to be installed in new nonroad equipment.
This generally includes installation of used engines in new equipment.
The engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title
for the equipment or the product is placed into service, whichever comes
first.
(5) An imported nonroad engine, subject to the following provisions:
(i) An imported nonroad engine covered by a certificate of
conformity issued under this part that meets the criteria of one or more
of paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition, where the original
engine manufacturer holds the certificate, is new as defined by those
applicable paragraphs.
(ii) An imported engine that will be covered by a certificate of
conformity issued under this part, where someone other than the original
engine manufacturer holds the certificate (such as when the engine is
modified after its initial assembly), is a new nonroad engine when it is
imported. It is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a
title for the engine or it is placed into service, whichever comes
first.
(iii) An imported nonroad engine that is not covered by a
certificate of conformity issued under this part at the time of
importation is new. This addresses uncertified engines and equipment
initially placed into service that someone seeks to import into the
United States. Importation of this kind of engine (or equipment
containing

[[Page 616]]

such an engine) is generally prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068. However,
the importation of such an engine is not prohibited if the engine has a
model year before 1997, since it is not subject to standards.
New nonroad equipment means either of the following things:
(1) A nonroad piece of equipment for which the ultimate purchaser
has never received the equitable or legal title. The product is no
longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives this title or the
product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) A nonroad piece of equipment with an engine that becomes new
while installed in the equipment. For example a complete piece of
equipment that was imported without being covered by a certificate of
conformity would be new nonroad equipment because the engine would be
considered to be new at the time of importation.
Noncompliant engine or noncompliant equipment means an engine or
equipment that was originally covered by a certificate of conformity but
is not in the certified configuration or otherwise does not comply with
the conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming engine or nonconforming equipment means an engine or
equipment not covered by a certificate of conformity that would
otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonhandheld means relating to an engine (or equipment) subject to
the standards of this part that is not a handheld engine (or equipment).
Nonintegrated equipment manufacturer means an equipment manufacturer
that is not an integrated equipment manufacturer. Equipment
manufacturers that manufacture the engines for some but not all of their
equipment are considered to be nonintegrated manufacturers for that
equipment using a different engine manufacturer's engines.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
This generally means the difference between the emitted mass of total
hydrocarbons and the emitted mass of methane.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines or equipment that includes
nonroad engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general
this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle engines,
stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used
in aircraft.
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data engine on a given duty cycle before the application of any
deterioration factor.
Overhead valve means relating to a four-stroke spark-ignition engine
in which the intake and exhaust valves are located above the combustion
chamber within the cylinder head. Such engines are sometimes referred to
as ``valve-in-head'' engines.
Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared
by the engine manufacturer for the owner or operator to describe
appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other
information related to operating or keeping the engine. The owners
manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of
sale. The owners manual may be in paper or electronic format.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Percent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Permeation emissions means fuel that escapes from the fuel system by
diffusing through the walls of fuel-system components.
Phase 1 means relating to the Phase 1 emission standards described
in 40 CFR 90.103.
Phase 2 means relating to the Phase 2 emission standards described
in 40 CFR 90.103.
Phase 3 means relating to the Phase 3 exhaust emission standards
described in Sec. 1054.105.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose.
Pressurized oil system means a system designed to deliver
lubricating oil to internal engine components, including a step to
circulate oil through a filter.
Ramped-modal means relating to the ramped-modal type of steady-state
test described in Sec. 1054.505.
Rated-speed equipment means nonhandheld equipment in which the

[[Page 617]]

installed engine is intended for operation at a rated speed that is
nominally 3600 rpm or higher.
Recreational application means an application in which a vehicle is
ridden primarily for pleasure. Note that engines used in reduced-scale
model vehicles that cannot be ridden (such as model airplanes) are
excluded from this part under Sec. 1054.5.
Relating to as used in this section means relating to something in a
specific, direct manner. This expression is used in this section only to
define terms as adjectives and not to broaden the meaning of the terms.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this
means to terminate the certificate or an exemption for an engine family.
Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Running loss emissions has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1060.801.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically
to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing
prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to
correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic
maintenance is not appropriate.
Side valve means relating to a four-stroke spark-ignition engine in
which the intake and exhaust valves are located to the side of the
cylinder, not within the cylinder head. Such engines are sometimes
referred to as ``L-head'' engines.
Small-volume emission family means one of the following:
(1) For requirements related to exhaust emissions for nonhandheld
engines and to exhaust and evaporative emissions for handheld engines,
small-volume emission family means any emission family whose U.S.-
directed production volume in a given model year is projected at the
time of certification to be no more than 5,000 engines.
(2) For requirements related to evaporative emissions for
nonhandheld equipment, small-volume emission family means any equipment
manufacturer's U.S.-directed production volume for identical fuel tank
is projected at the time of certification to be no more than 5,000
units. Tanks are generally considered identical if they are produced
under a single part number to conform to a single design or blueprint.
Tanks should be considered identical if they differ only with respect to
production variability, post-production changes (such as different
fittings or grommets), supplier, color, or other extraneous design
variables.
Small-volume engine manufacturer means one of the following:
(1) For handheld engines, an engine manufacturer that had U.S.-
directed production volume of handheld engines of no more than 25,000
handheld engines in any calendar year. For manufacturers owned by a
parent company, this production limit applies to the production of the
parent company and all its subsidiaries.
(2) For nonhandheld engines, an engine manufacturer that had U.S.-
directed production volume of no more than 10,000 nonhandheld engines in
any calendar year. For manufacturers owned by a parent company, this
production limit applies to the production of the parent company and all
its subsidiaries.
(3) An engine manufacturer that we designate to be a small-volume
engine manufacturer under Sec. 1054.635.
Small-volume equipment manufacturer means one of the following:
(1) For handheld equipment, an equipment manufacturer that had a
U.S.-directed production volume of no more than 25,000 pieces of
handheld equipment in any calendar year. For manufacturers owned by a
parent company, this production limit applies to the production of the
parent company and all its subsidiaries.
(2) For nonhandheld equipment, an equipment manufacturer with annual
U.S.-directed production volumes of no more than 5,000 pieces of
nonhandheld equipment in 2007, 2008, and 2009. For manufacturers owned
by a parent company, this production limit applies to the production of
the parent company and all its subsidiaries.
(3) An equipment manufacturer that we designate to be a small-volume
equipment manufacturer under Sec. 1054.635.

[[Page 618]]

Snowthrower engine means an engine used exclusively to power
snowthrowers.
Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Steady-state means relating to emission tests in which engine speed
and load are held at a finite set of essentially constant values.
Steady-state tests are either discrete-mode tests or ramped-modal tests.
Structurally integrated nylon fuel tank has the meaning given in 40
CFR 1060.801.
Subchapter U means the portion of the Code of Federal Regulations
including 40 CFR parts 1000 through 1299.
Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this
means to temporarily discontinue the certificate or an exemption for an
engine family.
Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an emission family for emission testing. This may include
testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
Tethered gas cap means a gas cap that is loosely but permanently
connected to the fuel tank.
Thermal reactor means a hot surface in the engine exhaust system
that has the effect of significantly lowering emissions of one or more
regulated pollutants. Hot surfaces that have an inconsequential effect
on emissions are not thermal reactors.
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the
specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as an
atomic hydrocarbon with a hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR
1065.1001. This generally means the sum of the carbon mass contributions
of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic
compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample,
expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled engines. The
atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new nonroad equipment
or new nonroad engine, the first person who in good faith purchases such
new nonroad equipment or new nonroad engine for purposes other than
resale.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Upcoming model year for an emission family means the model year
after the one currently in production.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engine or
equipment units, subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a
manufacturer for which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that
sale was or will be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States.
Useful life means the period during which the engine and equipment
are designed to properly function in terms of power output and intended
function, without being remanufactured, specified as a number of hours
of operation or calendar years, whichever comes first. It is the period
during which a nonroad engine is required to comply with all applicable
emission standards. See, for example, Sec. Sec. 1054.107, 1054.110, and
1054.112. If an engine has no hour meter, the specified number of hours
does not limit the period during which an in-use engine is required to
comply with emission standards unless the degree of service accumulation
can be verified separately.
Variable-speed engine means an engine that is not a constant-speed
engine.
Vessel means marine vessel.
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this means
to invalidate a certificate or an exemption both retroactively and
prospectively.
Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel
that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor Pressure
higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.

[[Page 619]]

We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.
Wide-open throttle means maximum throttle opening.
Wintertime engine means an engine used exclusively to power
equipment that is used only in wintertime, such as snowthrowers and ice
augers.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23026, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1054.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:
ABT Averaging, banking, and trading.
cc cubic centimeters.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4 methane.
CO carbon monoxide.
CO2 carbon dioxide.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
FEL Family Emission Limit.
g gram.
HC hydrocarbon.
hr hour.
kPa kilopascals.
kW kilowatts.
N2O nitrous oxide.
NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons.
NOX oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2).
psig pounds per square inch of gauge pressure.
RPM revolutions per minute.
THC total hydrocarbon.
THCE total hydrocarbon equivalent.
U.S.C. United States Code.

Sec. 1054.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?

Sec. 1054.820 How do I request a hearing?

Sec. 1054.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this

part?

[[Page 620]]

(7) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various special compliance provisions.
(8) In Sec. Sec. 1054.725, 1054.730, and 1054.735 we specify
certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
(b) We specify the following requirements related to equipment and
component certification in 40 CFR part 1060:
(1) In 40 CFR 1060.20 we give an overview of principles for
reporting information.
(2) In 40 CFR part 1060, subpart C, we identify a wide range of
information required to certify products.
(3) In 40 CFR 1060.301 we require manufacturers to make engines or
equipment available for our testing if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1060.505 we specify information needs for establishing
various changes to published test procedures.
(c) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1065:
(1) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting
information.
(2) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
(3) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing test
information.
(4) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify data that may be appropriate for
collecting during testing of in-use engines using portable analyzers.
(d) We specify the following requirements related to the general
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
(1) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
(2) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information.
(3) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require equipment manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
(5) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to
rebuilding engines.
(6) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.
(7) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing engines.
(8) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement
audit.
(9) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
(10) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming engines.

Sec. Appendix I to Part 1054--Summary of Previous Emission Standards

The following standards apply to nonroad spark-ignition engines
produced before the model years specified in Sec. 1054.1:
(a) Handheld engines. Phase 1 and Phase 2 standards apply for
handheld engines as specified in 40 CFR 90.103 and summarized in the
following tables:

Table 1 to Appendix I--Phase 1 Emission Standards for Handheld Engines
(g/kW-hr) \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine displacement class HC NOX CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class III.......................................... 295 5.36 805
Class IV........................................... 241 5.36 805
Class V............................................ 161 5.36 603
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Phase 1 standards are based on testing with new engines only.

Table 2 to Appendix I--Phase 2 Emission Standards for Handheld Engines
(g/kW-hr) \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine displacement class HC+NOX CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class III................................................. 50 805
Class IV.................................................. 50 805
Class V................................................... 72 603

------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ The standards shown are the fully phased-in standards. See 40 CFR
90.103 for standards that applied during the phase-in period.

(b) Nonhandheld engines. Phase 1 and Phase 2 standards apply for
nonhandheld engines as

[[Page 621]]

specified in 40 CFR 90.103 and summarized in the following tables:

Table 3 to Appendix I--Phase 1 Emission Standards for Nonhandheld
Engines (g/kW-hr) \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine displacement class HC+NOX CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class I............................................. 16.1 519
Class II............................................ 13.4 519
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Phase 1 standards are based on testing with new engines only.

Table 4 to Appendix I--Phase 2 Emission Standards for Nonhandheld
Engines (g/kW-hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine displacement class HC+NOX NMHC+ NOX CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class I-A................................ 50 ......... 610
Class I-B................................ 40 37 610
Class I.................................. 16.1 14.8 610
Class II \a\............................. 12.1 11.3 610
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ The Class II standards shown are the fully phased-in standards. See
40 CFR 90.103 for standards that applied during the phase-in period.

Sec. Appendix II to Part 1054--Duty Cycles for Laboratory Testing

(a) Test handheld engines with the following steady-state duty
cycle:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque
G3 mode No. Engine speed \a\ (percent) Weighting
\b\ factors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............................. Rated speed....... 100 0.85
2............................. Warm idle 0 0.15
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Test engines at the specified speeds as described in Sec.
1054.505.
\b\ Test engines at 100 percent torque by setting operator demand to
maximum. Control torque during idle at its warm idle speed as
described in 40 CFR 1065.510.

(b) Test nonhandheld engines with one of the following steady-state
duty cycles:
(1) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Torque
G2 mode No. \a\ (percent) Weighting
\b\ factors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................................................ 100 0.09
2................................................ 75 0.2
3................................................ 50 0.29
4................................................ 25 0.3
5................................................ 10 0.07
6................................................ 0 0.05
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Control engine speed as described in Sec. 1054.505. Control engine
speed for Mode 6 as described in Sec. 1054.505(c) for idle
operation.
\b\ The percent torque is relative to the value established for full-
load torque, as described in Sec. 1054.505.

(2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time in Torque
RMC mode \a\ mode (percent)
(seconds) \b,\ \c\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state................................... 41 0
1b Transition..................................... 20 *
2a Steady-state................................... 135 100
2b Transition..................................... 20 *
3a Steady-state................................... 112 10
3b Transition..................................... 20 *
4a Steady-state................................... 337 75
4b Transition..................................... 20 *
5a Steady-state................................... 518 25
5b Transition..................................... 20 *
6a Steady-state................................... 494 50
6b Transition..................................... 20 *
7 Steady-state.................................... 43 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Linear transition.
\a\ Control engine speed as described in Sec. 1054.505. Control engine
speed for Mode 6 as described in Sec. 1054.505(c) for idle
operation.
\b\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition
phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from
the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the
next mode.
\c\ The percent torque is relative to the value established for full-
load torque, as described in Sec. 1054.505.

PART 1060_CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND

STATIONARY EQUIPMENT--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec.
1060.1 Which products are subject to this part's requirements?
1060.5 Do the requirements of this part apply to me?
1060.10 How is this part organized?
1060.15 Do any other CFR parts apply to me?
1060.30 Submission of information.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

1060.101 What evaporative emission requirements apply under this part?
1060.102 What permeation emission control requirements apply for fuel
lines?
1060.103 What permeation emission control requirements apply for fuel
tanks?
1060.104 What running loss emission control requirements apply?
1060.105 What diurnal requirements apply for equipment?
1060.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply?
1060.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?
1060.130 What installation instructions must I give to equipment
manufacturers?
1060.135 How must I label and identify the engines and equipment I
produce?
1060.137 How must I label and identify the fuel-system components I
produce?

[[Page 622]]

Subpart C_Certifying Emission Families

1060.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate
of conformity?
1060.202 What are the certification requirements related to the general
standards in Sec. 1060.101?
1060.205 What must I include in my application?
1060.210 What records should equipment manufacturers keep if they do not
apply for certification?
1060.225 How do I amend my application for certification?
1060.230 How do I select emission families?
1060.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a
certificate of conformity?
1060.240 How do I demonstrate that my emission family complies with
evaporative emission standards?
1060.250 What records must I keep?
1060.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?

Subpart D_Production Verification Testing

1060.301 Manufacturer testing.
1060.310 Supplying products to EPA for testing.

Subpart E_In-Use Testing

1060.401 General Provisions.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

1060.501 General testing provisions.
1060.505 Other procedures.
1060.510 How do I test EPA Low-Emission Fuel Lines for permeation
emissions?
1060.515 How do I test EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines and EPA Cold-Weather Fuel
Lines for permeation emissions?
1060.520 How do I test fuel tanks for permeation emissions?
1060.521 How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions?
1060.525 How do I test fuel systems for diurnal emissions?

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

1060.601 How do the prohibitions of 40 CFR 1068.101 apply with respect
to the requirements of this part?
1060.605 Exemptions from evaporative emission standards.
1060.640 What special provisions apply to branded equipment?

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading Provisions

1060.701 Applicability.
1060.705 How do I certify components to an emission level other than the
standard under this part or use such components in my
equipment?

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1060.801 What definitions apply to this part?
1060.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?
1060.810 What materials does this part reference?
1060.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?
1060.820 How do I request a hearing?
1060.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this
part?

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Overview and Applicability

Sec. 1060.1 Which products are subject to this part's requirements?

(a) The standards and other requirements in this part 1060 apply to
the fuel lines, fuel tanks, couplings and fittings, and fuel caps used
or intended to be used in the following categories of new engines and
equipment that are fueled with a volatile liquid fuel (such as gasoline,
but not including diesel fuel), and to the equipment in which these
components are installed, starting with the model years shown in Table 1
to this section:
(1) Compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 1039.
This includes stationary compression-ignition engines we regulate under
the provisions of 40 CFR part 1039, as indicated under 40 CFR part 60,
subpart IIII. See the evaporative emission standards specified in 40 CFR
1048.105. These engines are considered to be Large SI engines for
purposes of this part 1060.
(2) Marine compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1042. See the evaporative emission standards specified in 40 CFR
1045.112. These engines are considered to be Marine SI engines for
purposes of this part 1060.
(3) Marine SI engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 1045. See the
evaporative emission standards specified in 40 CFR 1045.112.
(4) Large SI engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 1048. This
includes

[[Page 623]]

stationary spark-ignition engines subject to standards under 40 CFR
parts 1048 or 1054 as indicated in 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ. See the
evaporative emission standards specified in 40 CFR 1048.105.
(5) Recreational vehicles and engines we regulate under 40 CFR part
1051 (such as snowmobiles and off-highway motorcycles). This includes
highway motorcycles subject to standards under 40 CFR part 1051 as
indicated in 40 CFR part 86, subpart E since these motorcycles are
considered to be recreational vehicles for purposes of this part 1060.
See the evaporative emission standards specified in 40 CFR 1051.110.
(6) Small SI engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 1054. See the
evaporative emission standards specified for handheld engines in 40 CFR
1054.110 and for nonhandheld engines in 40 CFR 1054.112.
(7) Portable marine fuel tanks and fuel lines associated with such
fuel tanks must meet evaporative emission standards specified in 40 CFR
1045.112. Portable nonroad fuel tanks and fuel lines associated with
such fuel tanks must also meet evaporative emission standards specified
in 40 CFR 1045.112, whether or not they are used with marine vessels.
Portable nonroad fuel tanks are considered to be portable marine fuel
tanks for purposes of this part 1060.
(b) The regulations in this part 1060 apply for new replacement
components used with any of the engines or equipment specified in
paragraph (a) of this section as described in Sec. 1060.601.
(c) Fuel caps are subject to evaporative emission standards at the
point of installation on a fuel tank. If a fuel cap is certified for use
with Marine SI engines or Small SI engines under the optional standards
of Sec. 1060.103, it is subject to all the requirements of this part
1060 as if these optional standards were mandatory.
(d) This part 1060 does not apply to any diesel-fueled engine or any
other engine that does not use a volatile liquid fuel. In addition, this
part does not apply to any engines or equipment in the following
categories even if they use a volatile liquid fuel:
(1) Light-duty motor vehicles (see 40 CFR part 86).
(2) Heavy-duty motor vehicles and heavy-duty motor vehicle engines
(see 40 CFR part 86). This part 1060 also does not apply to fuel systems
for nonroad engines where such fuel systems are subject to part 86
because they are part of a heavy-duty motor vehicle.
(3) Aircraft engines (see 40 CFR part 87).
(4) Locomotives (see 40 CFR part 92 and 1033).
(5) Land-based nonroad diesel engines we regulate under 40 CFR part
89.
(6) Marine diesel engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 89, 94, or
1042.
(7) Land-based spark-ignition engines at or below 19 kW that we
regulate under 40 CFR part 90. Note that there are provisions in 40 CFR
part 90 that reference specific portions of this part 1060.
(8) Marine spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 91.
(e) This part 1060 does not apply for fuel lines made wholly of
metal.

Table 1 to Sec. 1060.1--Part 1060 Applicability \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equipment category or Fuel line Running loss
subcategory permeation Tank permeation Diurnal emissions emissions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marine SI--portable marine fuel January 1, 2009 January 1, 2011... January 1, 2010... Not applicable.
tanks. \b\.
Marine SI--personal watercraft.. January 1, 2009... Model year 2011... Model year 2010... Not applicable.
Marine SI--other vessels with January 1, 2009 Model year 2012... July 31, 2011..... Not applicable.
installed fuel tanks. \b\.
Large SI........................ Model year 2007... Not applicable.... Model year 2007 Model year 2007.
(includes tank
permeation).
Recreational vehicles........... Model year 2008... Model year 2008... Not applicable.... Not applicable.
Small SI--handheld.............. Model year 2012 Model year 2010 Not applicable.... Not applicable.
\c\. \d\.
Small SI--Class I nonhandheld... January 1, 2009... Model year 2012... Not applicable \e\ Model year 2012.

[[Page 624]]

Small SI--Class II nonhandheld.. January 1, 2009... Model year 2011... Not applicable \e\ Model year 2011.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Implementation is based on the date of manufacture of the equipment. Where we do not identify a specific
date, the emission standards start to apply at the beginning of the model year.
\b\ January 1, 2011 for primer bulbs. Standards phase in for under-cowl fuel lines on outboard engines, by
length: 30% in 2010, 60% in 2011, 90% in 2012-2014, 100% in 2015.
\c\ 2013 for small-volume emission families that do not include cold-weather fuel lines.
\d\ 2011 for structurally integrated nylon fuel tanks and 2013 for all small-volume emission families.
\e\ Manufacturers may optionally meet diurnal standards as specified in Sec. 1060.105(e).

Sec. 1060.5 Do the requirements of this part apply to me?

The requirements of this part are generally addressed to the
manufacturers that are subject to this part's requirements as described
in paragraph (a) of this section. The term ``you'' generally means the
manufacturer or manufacturers that are subject to these requirements.
Paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section describe which manufacturers
may or must certify their products. (Note: Sec. 1060.601(f) allows the
certification responsibility to be delegated in certain circumstances.)
(a) Overall responsibilities. Manufacturers of the engines,
equipment, and fuel-system components described in Sec. 1060.1 are
subject to the standards and other requirements of this part 1060 except
as otherwise noted. Multiple manufacturers may be subject to these
standards and other requirements. For example, when a Small SI equipment
manufacturer buys fuel line manufactured by another person and installs
them in its equipment, both the equipment manufacturer and the fuel line
manufacturer are subject to the standards and other requirements of this
part. The following provisions apply in such cases:
(1) Each person meeting the definition of manufacturer for a product
that is subject to the standards and other requirements of this part
must comply with such requirements. However, if one person complies with
a specific requirement for a given product, then all manufacturers are
deemed to have complied with that specific requirement. For example, if
a Small SI equipment manufacturer uses fuel lines manufactured and
certified by another company, the equipment manufacturer is not required
to obtain a certificate with respect to the fuel line emission
standards. Such an equipment manufacturer remains subject to the
standards and other requirements of this part. However, where a
provision requires a specific manufacturer to comply with certain
provisions, this paragraph (a) does not change or modify such a
requirement. For example, this paragraph (a) does not allow you to rely
on another company to certify instead of you if we specifically require
you to certify.
(2) The requirements of subparts C and D of this part apply to the
manufacturer that obtains the certificate of conformity. Other
manufacturers are required to comply with the requirements of subparts C
and D of this part only when we send notification. In our notification,
we will specify a reasonable period for complying with the requirements
identified in the notice. See Sec. 1060.601 for the applicability of 40
CFR part 1068 to these other manufacturers.
(3) Certificate holders are responsible for meeting all applicable
requirements even if other manufacturers are also subject to those
requirements.
(b) Marine SI. Certify vessels, engines, and fuel-system components
as follows:
(1) Component manufacturers must certify their fuel lines and fuel
tanks intended for installation with Marine SI engines and vessels under
this part 1060, except as allowed by Sec. 1060.601(f). This includes
permeation and diurnal emission standards.
(2) Vessel manufacturers are subject to all the requirements of this
part 1060 that apply to Marine SI engines and

[[Page 625]]

fuel systems. However, they must certify their vessels to the emission
standards specified in Sec. Sec. 1060.102 through 1060.105 only if one
or more of the following conditions apply:
(i) Vessel manufacturers install certified components that are not
certified to meet all applicable evaporative emission standards,
including both permeation and diurnal standards. This would include
vessel manufacturers that make their own fuel tanks. Vessel
manufacturers would certify under this part 1060.
(ii) Vessel manufacturers intend to generate or use evaporative
emission credits, even if they use only certified components to meet all
applicable evaporative emission standards. Vessel manufacturers would
certify under part 40 CFR part 1045 using the emission-credit provisions
in subpart H of that part to demonstrate compliance with the emission
standard.
(3) Engine manufacturers must meet all the requirements of this part
1060 that apply to vessel manufacturers for all fuel-system components
they install on their engines. For example, engine manufacturers that
install under-cowl fuel lines and fuel tanks must comply with the
requirements specified for vessel manufacturers with respect to those
components.
(c) Large SI. Certify engines, equipment, and fuel-system components
as follows:
(1) Engine manufacturers must certify their engines under 40 CFR
part 1048.
(2) Equipment manufacturers and component manufacturers may certify
fuel lines and fuel tanks intended for use with Large SI engines under
this part 1060.
(d) Recreational vehicles. Certify vehicles, engines and fuel-system
components as follows:
(1) Vehicle manufacturers must certify their vehicles under 40 CFR
part 1051.
(2) Engine manufacturers must meet all the requirements of 40 CFR
part 1051 that apply to vehicle manufacturers for all fuel-system
components they install on their engines. For example, engine
manufacturers that install fuel-line segments on the engines they ship
to vehicle manufacturers must comply with the requirements specified for
equipment manufacturers with respect to those components.
(3) Component manufacturers may certify fuel lines and fuel tanks
intended for recreational vehicles under this part 1060.
(e) Small SI. Certify engines, equipment, and fuel-system components
as follows:
(1) Component manufacturers must certify their fuel lines and fuel
tanks intended for Small SI engines and equipment under this part 1060,
except as allowed by Sec. 1060.601(f).
(2) Engine manufacturers must meet all the requirements of this part
1060 that apply to equipment manufacturers for all fuel-system
components they install on their engines. Engine manufacturers that
produce Small SI engines with complete fuel systems are considered the
equipment manufacturers for those engines under this part 1060.
(3) Equipment manufacturers must certify their equipment and are
subject to all the requirements of this part 1060.
(f) Summary of certification responsibilities. Tables 1 through 3 of
this section summarize the certification responsibilities for different
kinds of manufacturers as described in paragraphs (b) through (e) of
this section. The term ``No'' as used in the tables means that a
manufacturer is not required to obtain a certificate of conformity under
paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section. In situations where multiple
manufacturers are subject to the standards and other requirements of
this part, such a manufacturer must nevertheless certify if the
manufacturer who is required to certify under paragraphs (b) through (e)
of this section fails to obtain a certificate of conformity.

Table 1 to Sec. 1060.5--Summary of Engine Manufacturer Certification
Responsibilities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Is the engine Code of Federal
manufacturer required Regulations cite
Equipment type to certify fuel for
systems? \a\ certification
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marine SI..................... No....................

[[Page 626]]

Large SI...................... Yes................... 40 CFR part
1048.
Recreational vehicles......... No....................
Small SI...................... No, unless engines are 40 CFR part
sold with complete 1060.
fuel systems.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Fuel lines and fuel tanks that are attached to or sold with engines
must be covered by a certificate of conformity.

Table 2 to Sec. 1060.5--Summary of Equipment Manufacturer
Certification Responsibilities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Is the equipment Code of Federal
manufacturer required Regulations cite
Equipment type to certify fuel for
systems? certification
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marine SI..................... Yes, but only if 40 CFR part
vessel manufacturers 1060. \a\
install uncertified
fuel lines or fuel
tanks or intend to
generate or use
evaporative emission
credits.
Large SI...................... Allowed but not 40 CFR part
required. 1060.
Recreational vehicles......... Yes, even if vehicle 40 CFR part
manufacturers install 1051.
certified components.
Small SI...................... Yes................... 40 CFR part
1060. \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ See the exhaust standard-setting part for provisions related to
generating or using evaporative emission credits.

Table 3 of Sec. 1060.5--Summary of Component Manufacturer
Certification Responsibilities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Is the component Code of Federal
manufacturer required Regulations cite
Equipment type to certify fuel lines for
and fuel tanks? certification
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marine SI..................... Yes, including 40 CFR part
portable marine fuel 1060.
tanks and associated
fuel lines.
Large SI...................... Allowed but not 40 CFR part
required. 1060.
Recreational vehicles......... Allowed but not 40 CFR part
required. 1060.
Small SI...................... Yes \a\............... 40 CFR part
1060.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ See Sec. 1060.601 for an allowance to make contractual
arrangements with engine or equipment manufacturers instead of
certifying.

Sec. 1060.10 How is this part organized?

This part 1060 is divided into the following subparts:
(a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of part 1060
and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
(b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify equipment or components
under this part. Note that Sec. 1060.110 discusses certain interim
requirements and compliance provisions that apply only for a limited
time.
(c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity.
(d) Subpart D of this part describes the requirements related to
verifying that products are being produced as described in an approved
application for certification.
(e) Subpart E of this part describes the requirements related to
verifying that products are meeting the standards in use.
(f) Subpart F of this part describes how to measure evaporative
emissions.
(g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, and other provisions that apply to
manufacturers, owners, operators, and all others.
(h) Subpart H of this part describes how to certify your equipment
or components for inclusion in an emission averaging program allowed by
an exhaust standard-setting part.
(i) Subpart I of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

Sec. 1060.15 Do any other CFR parts apply to me?

(a) There is a separate part of the CFR that includes exhaust
emission requirements for each particular application, as described in
Sec. 1060.1(a). We refer

[[Page 627]]

to these as the exhaust standard-setting parts. In cases where an
exhaust standard-setting part includes evaporative requirements, apply
this part 1060 as specified in the exhaust standard-setting part, as
follows:
(1) The requirements in the exhaust standard-setting part may differ
from the requirements in this part. In cases where it is not possible to
comply with both the exhaust standard-setting part and this part, you
must comply with the requirements in the exhaust standard-setting part.
The exhaust standard-setting part may also allow you to deviate from the
procedures of this part for other reasons.
(2) The exhaust standard-setting parts may reference some sections
of this part 1060 or may allow or require certification under this part
1060. See the exhaust standard-setting parts to determine what
provisions of this part 1060 apply for these equipment types.
(b) The requirements and prohibitions of part 1068 of this chapter
apply to everyone, including anyone who manufactures, imports, owns,
operates, or services any of the fuel systems subject to this part 1060.
Part 1068 of this chapter describes general provisions, including the
following areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for engine manufacturers,
equipment manufacturers, and others.
(2) Exclusions and exemptions for certain products.
(3) Importing products.
(4) Defect reporting and recall.
(5) Procedures for hearings.
(c) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

Sec. 1060.30 Submission of information.

(a) This part includes various requirements to record data or other
information. Refer to Sec. 1060.825, 40 CFR 1068.25, and the exhaust
standard-setting part regarding recordkeeping requirements. If
recordkeeping requirements are not specified, store these records in any
format and on any media and keep them readily available for one year
after you send an associated application for certification, or one year
after you generate the data if they do not support an application for
certification. You must promptly send us organized, written records in
English if we ask for them. We may review them at any time.
(b) The regulations in Sec. 1060.255 and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. This includes
information not related to certification.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1060.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a
certificate holder.

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1060.101 What evaporative emission requirements apply under this part?

Products subject to this part must meet emission standards and
related requirements as follows:
(a) Section 1060.102 describes permeation emission control
requirements for fuel lines.
(b) Section 1060.103 describes permeation emission control
requirements for fuel tanks.
(c) Section 1060.104 describes running loss emission control
requirements for fuel systems.
(d) Section 1060.105 describes diurnal emission control requirements
for fuel tanks.
(e) The following general requirements apply for components and
equipment subject to the emission standards in Sec. Sec. 1060.102
through 1060.105:
(1) Adjustable parameters. Components or equipment with adjustable
parameters must meet all the requirements of this part for any
adjustment in the physically adjustable range.
(2) Prohibited controls. The following controls are prohibited:
(i) For anyone to design, manufacture, or install emission control
systems so they cause or contribute to an unreasonable risk to public
health, welfare, or safety while operating.

[[Page 628]]

(ii) For anyone to design, manufacture, or install emission control
systems with features that disable, deactivate, or bypass the emission
controls, either actively or passively. For example, you may not include
a manual vent that the operator can open to bypass emission controls.
You may ask us to allow such features if needed for safety reasons or if
the features are fully functional during emission tests described in
subpart F of this part.
(3) Emission credits. Equipment manufacturers are allowed to comply
with the emission standards in this part using evaporative emission
credits only if the exhaust standard-setting part explicitly allows it
for evaporative emissions. See the exhaust standard-setting part and
subpart H of this part for information about complying with evaporative
emission credits. For equipment manufacturers to generate or use
evaporative emission credits, components must be certified to a family
emission limit, which serves as the standard for those components.
(f) This paragraph (f) specifies requirements that apply to
equipment manufacturers subject to requirements under this part, whether
or not they are subject to and certify to any of the emission standards
in Sec. Sec. 1060.102 through 1060.105. Equipment manufacturers meeting
these requirements will be deemed to be certified as in conformity with
the requirements of this paragraph (f) without submitting an application
for certification, as follows:
(1) Fuel caps, vents, and carbon canisters. You are responsible for
ensuring that proper caps and vents are installed on each new piece of
equipment that is subject to emission standards under this part. The
following particular requirements apply to equipment that is subject to
running loss or diurnal emission standards, including portable marine
fuel tanks:
(i) All equipment must have a tethered fuel cap. Fuel caps must also
include a visual, audible, or other physical indication that they have
been properly sealed.
(ii) You may not add vents unless they are specified in or allowed
by the applicable certificates of conformity.
(iii) If the emission controls rely on carbon canisters, they must
be installed in a way that prevents exposing the carbon to water or
liquid fuel.
(2) Fuel-line fittings. The following requirements apply for fuel-
line fittings that will be used with fuel lines that must meet
permeation emission standards:
(i) Use good engineering judgment to ensure that all fuel-line
fittings will remain securely connected to prevent fuel leakage
throughout the useful life of the equipment.
(ii) Fuel lines that are intended to be detachable (such as those
for portable marine fuel tanks) must be self-sealing when detached from
the fuel tank or engine.
(3) Refueling. For any equipment using fuel tanks that are subject
to diurnal or permeation emission standards under this part, you must
design and build your equipment such that operators can reasonably be
expected to fill the fuel tank without spitback or spillage during the
refueling event. The following examples illustrate designs that meet
this requirement:
(i) Equipment that is commonly refueled using a portable gasoline
container should have a fuel tank inlet that is larger than a typical
dispensing spout. The fuel tank inlet should be located so the operator
can place the nozzle directly in the fuel tank inlet and see the fuel
level in the tank while pouring the fuel from an appropriately sized
refueling container (either through the tank wall or the fuel tank
inlet). We will deem you to comply with the requirements of this
paragraph (f)(3)(i) if you design your equipment to meet applicable
industry standards related to fuel tank inlets.
(ii) Marine SI vessels with a filler neck extending to the side of
the boat should be designed for automatic fuel shutoff. Alternatively,
the filler neck should be designed such that the orientation of the
filler neck allows dispensed fuel that collects in the filler neck to
flow back into the fuel tank. A filler neck that ends with a horizontal
or nearly horizontal segment at the opening where fuel is dispensed
would not be an acceptable design.
(g) Components and equipment must meet the standards specified in
this

[[Page 629]]

part throughout the applicable useful life. Where we do not specify
procedures for demonstrating the durability of emission controls, use
good engineering judgment to ensure that your products will meet the
standards throughout the useful life. The useful life is one of the
following values:
(1) The useful life in years specified for the components or
equipment in the exhaust standard-setting part.
(2) The useful life in years specified for the engine in the exhaust
standard-setting part if the exhaust standards are specified for the
engine rather than the equipment and there is no useful life given for
components or equipment.
(3) Five years if no useful life is specified in years for the
components, equipment, or engines in the exhaust standard-setting part.

Sec. 1060.102 What permeation emission control requirements apply for fuel

lines?

(a) Nonmetal fuel lines must meet permeation requirements as
follows:
(1) Marine SI fuel lines, including fuel lines associated with
outboard engines or portable marine fuel tanks, must meet the permeation
requirements in this section.
(2) Large SI fuel lines must meet the permeation requirements
specified in 40 CFR 1048.105.
(3) Fuel lines for recreational vehicles must meet the permeation
requirements specified in 40 CFR 1051.110 or in this section.
(4) Small SI fuel lines must meet the permeation requirements in
this section, unless they are installed in equipment certified to meet
diurnal emission standards under Sec. 1060.105(e).
(b) Different categories of nonroad equipment are subject to
different requirements with respect to fuel line permeation. Fuel lines
are classified based on measured emissions over the test procedure
specified for the class.
(c) The regulations in 40 CFR part 1048 require that fuel lines used
with Large SI engines must meet the standards for EPA Low-Emission Fuel
Lines. The regulations in 40 CFR part 1054 require that fuel lines used
with handheld Small SI engines installed in cold-weather equipment must
meet the standards for EPA Cold-Weather Fuel Lines. Unless specified
otherwise in this subchapter U, fuel lines used with all other engines
and equipment subject to the provisions of this part 1060, including
fuel lines associated with outboard engines or portable marine fuel
tanks, must meet the standards for EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines.
(d) The following standards apply for each fuel line classification:
(1) EPA Low-Emission Fuel Lines must have permeation emissions at or
below 10 g/m\2\/day when measured according to the test procedure
described in Sec. 1060.510. Fuel lines that comply with this emission
standard are deemed to comply with all the emission standards specified
in this section.
(2) EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines must have permeation emissions at or
below 15 g/m\2\/day when measured according to the test procedure
described in Sec. 1060.515.
(3) EPA Cold-Weather Fuel Lines must meet the following permeation
emission standards when measured according to the test procedure
described in Sec. 1060.515:

Table 1 to Sec. 1060.102--Permeation Standards for EPA Cold-Weather
Fuel Lines
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Standard (g/
Model year m\2\/day)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2012.................................................... 290
2013.................................................... 275
2014.................................................... 260
2015.................................................... 245
2016 and later.......................................... 225
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) You may certify fuel lines as follow:
(1) You may certify straight-run fuel lines as sections of any
length.
(2) You may certify molded fuel lines in any configuration
representing your actual production, subject to the provisions for
selecting a worst-case configuration in Sec. 1060.235(b).
(3) You may certify fuel line assemblies as aggregated systems that
include multiple sections of fuel line with connectors and fittings. For
example, you may certify fuel lines for portable marine fuel tanks as
assemblies of fuel hose, primer bulbs, and self-sealing end connections.
The length of such an assembly must not be longer than a typical in-use
installation and must always be less than 2.5

[[Page 630]]

meters long. You may also certify primer bulbs separately. The standard
applies with respect to the total permeation emissions divided by the
wetted internal surface area of the assembly. Where it is not practical
to determine the actual internal surface area of the assembly, you may
assume that the internal surface area per unit length of the assembly is
equal to the ratio of internal surface area per unit length of the hose
section of the assembly.

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8426, Feb. 24, 2009]

Sec. 1060.103 What permeation emission control requirements apply for fuel

tanks?

(a) Fuel tanks must meet permeation requirements as follows:
(1) Marine SI fuel tanks, including engine-mounted fuel tanks and
portable marine fuel tanks, must meet the permeation requirements in
this section.
(2) Large SI fuel tanks must meet diurnal emission standards as
specified in Sec. 1060.105, which includes measurement of permeation
emissions. No separate permeation standard applies.
(3) Fuel tanks for recreational vehicles must meet the permeation
requirements specified in 40 CFR 1051.110 or in this section.
(4) Small SI fuel tanks must meet the permeation requirements in
this section unless they are installed in equipment certified to meet
diurnal emission standards under Sec. 1060.105(e).
(b) Permeation emissions from fuel tanks may not exceed 1.5 g/m\2\/
day when measured at a nominal temperature of 28 [deg]C with the test
procedures for tank permeation in Sec. 1060.520. You may also choose to
meet a standard of 2.5 g/m\2\/day if you perform testing at a nominal
temperature of 40 [deg]C under Sec. 1060.520(d).
(c) The exhaust standard-setting part may allow for certification of
fuel tanks to a family emission limit for calculating evaporative
emission credits as described in subpart H of this part instead of
meeting the emission standards in this section.
(d) For purposes of this part, fuel tanks do not include fuel lines
that are subject to Sec. 1060.102, petcocks designed for draining fuel,
grommets used with fuel lines, or grommets used with other hose or
tubing excluded from the definition of ``fuel line.'' Fuel tanks include
other fittings (such as fuel caps, gaskets, and O-rings) that are
directly mounted to the fuel tank.
(e) Fuel caps may be certified separately relative to the permeation
emission standard in paragraph (b) of this section using the test
procedures specified in Sec. 1060.521. Fuel caps certified alone do not
need to meet the emission standard. Rather, fuel caps would be certified
with a Family Emission Limit, which is used for demonstrating that fuel
tanks meet the emission standard as described in Sec. 1060.520(b)(5).
For the purposes of this paragraph (e), gaskets or O-rings that are
produced as part of an assembly with the fuel cap are considered part of
the fuel cap.
(f) Metal fuel tanks that meet the permeation criteria in Sec.
1060.240(d)(2) or use certified nonmetal fuel caps will be deemed to be
certified as in conformity with the requirements of this section without
submitting an application for certification.

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8427, Feb. 24, 2009; 75
FR 23026, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1060.104 What running loss emission control requirements apply?

(a) Engines and equipment must meet running loss requirements as
follows:
(1) Marine SI engines and vessels are not subject to running loss
emission standards.
(2) Large SI engines and equipment must prevent fuel boiling during
operation as specified in 40 CFR 1048.105.
(3) Recreational vehicles are not subject to running loss emission
standards.
(4) Nonhandheld Small SI engines and equipment that are not used in
wintertime equipment must meet running loss requirements described in
this section. Handheld Small SI engines and equipment are not subject to
running loss emission standards.
(b) You must demonstrate control of running loss emissions in one of
the following ways if your engines or equipment are subject to the
requirements of this section:
(1) Route running loss emissions into the engine intake system so
fuel vapors

[[Page 631]]

vented from the tank during engine operation are combusted in the
engine. This may involve routing vapors through a carbon canister. If
another company has certified the engine with respect to exhaust
emissions, state in your application for certification that you have
followed the engine manufacturer's installation instructions.
(2) Use a fuel tank that remains sealed under normal operating
conditions. This may involve a bladder or other means to prevent
pressurized fuel tanks.
(3) Get an approved Executive Order from the California Air
Resources Board showing that your system meets applicable running loss
standards in California.
(c) If you are subject to both running loss and diurnal emission
standards, use good engineering judgment to ensure that the emission
controls are compatible.

Sec. 1060.105 What diurnal requirements apply for equipment?

(a) Fuel tanks must meet diurnal emission requirements as follows:
(1) Marine SI fuel tanks, including engine-mounted fuel tanks and
portable marine fuel tanks, must meet the requirements related to
diurnal emissions specified in this section.
(2) Large SI fuel tanks must meet the requirements related to
diurnal emissions specified in 40 CFR 1048.105.
(3) Recreational vehicles are not subject to diurnal emission
standards.
(4) Small SI fuel tanks are not subject to diurnal emission
standards, except as specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
(b) Diurnal emissions from Marine SI fuel tanks may not exceed 0.40
g/gal/day when measured using the test procedures specified in Sec.
1060.525 for general fuel temperatures. An alternative standard of 0.16
g/gal/day applies for fuel tanks installed in nontrailerable boats when
measured using the corresponding fuel temperature profile in Sec.
1060.525. Portable marine fuel tanks are not subject to the requirements
of this paragraph (b), but must instead comply with the requirements of
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section.
(c) Portable marine fuel tanks and associated fuel-system components
must meet the following requirements:
(1) They must be self-sealing when detached from the engines. The
tanks may not vent to the atmosphere when attached to an engine. An
integrated or external manually activated device may be included in the
fuel tank design to temporarily relieve pressure before refueling or
connecting the fuel tank to the engine. However, the default setting for
such a vent must be consistent with the requirement in paragraph (c)(2)
of this section.
(2) They must remain sealed up to a positive pressure of 24.5 kPa
(3.5 psig); however, they may contain air inlets that open when there is
a vacuum pressure inside the tank. Such fuel tanks may not contain air
outlets that vent to the atmosphere at pressures below 34.5 kPa (5.0
psig).
(d) Detachable fuel lines that are intended for use with portable
marine fuel tanks must have connection points that are self-sealing when
not attached to the engine or fuel tank.
(e) Manufacturers of nonhandheld Small SI equipment may optionally
meet the diurnal emission standards adopted by the California Air
Resources Board in the Final Regulation Order, Article 1, Chapter 15,
Division 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, July 26, 2004
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1060.810). To meet this requirement,
equipment must be certified to the performance standards specified in
Title 13 CCR Sec. 2754(a) based on the applicable requirements
specified in CP-902 and TP-902, including the requirements related to
fuel caps in Title 13 CCR Sec. 2756. Equipment certified under this
paragraph (e) does not need to use fuel lines or fuel tanks that have
been certified separately. Equipment certified under this paragraph (e)
are subject to all the referenced requirements as if these
specifications were mandatory.
(f) The following general provisions apply for controlling diurnal
emissions:
(1) If you are subject to both running loss and diurnal emission
standards, use good engineering judgment to ensure that the emission
controls are compatible.

[[Page 632]]

(2) You may not use diurnal emission controls that increase the
occurrence of fuel spitback or spillage during in-use refueling. Also,
if you use a carbon canister, you must incorporate design features that
prevent liquid gasoline from reaching the canister during refueling or
as a result of fuel sloshing or fuel expansion.
(3) You must meet the following provisions from ABYC H-25, July 2010
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1060.810) with respect to portable
marine fuel tanks:
(i) Provide information related to the pressure relief method
(25.8.2.1 and 25.8.2.1.1).
(ii) Perform system testing (25.10 through 25.10.5).

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8427, Feb. 24, 2009; 75
FR 56482, Sept. 16, 2010]

Sec. 1060.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply?

(a) General requirements. The certifying manufacturer must warrant
to the ultimate purchaser and each subsequent purchaser that the new
nonroad equipment, including its evaporative emission control system,
meets two conditions:
(1) It is designed, built, and equipped so it conforms at the time
of sale to the ultimate purchaser with the requirements of this part.
(2) It is free from defects in materials and workmanship that may
keep it from meeting these requirements.
(b) Warranty period. Your emission-related warranty must be valid
for at least two years from the point of first retail sale.
(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all
components whose failure would increase the evaporative emissions,
including those listed in 40 CFR part 1068, Appendix I, and those from
any other system you develop to control emissions. Your emission-related
warranty does not cover components whose failure would not increase
evaporative emissions.
(d) Relationships between manufacturers. (1) The emission-related
warranty required for equipment manufacturers that certify equipment
must cover all specified components even if another company produces the
component.
(2) Where an equipment manufacturer fulfills a warranty obligation
for a given component, the component manufacturer is deemed to have also
met that obligation.

Sec. 1060.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

Give ultimate purchasers written instructions for properly
maintaining and using the emission control system. You may not specify
any maintenance more frequently than once per year. For example, if you
produce cold-weather equipment that requires replacement of fuel cap
gaskets or O-rings, provide clear instructions to the ultimate
purchaser, including the required replacement interval.

Sec. 1060.130 What installation instructions must I give to equipment

manufacturers?

(a) If you sell a certified fuel-system component for someone else
to install in equipment, give the installer instructions for installing
it consistent with the requirements of this part.
(b) Make sure the instructions have the following information:
(1) Include the heading: ``Emission-related installation
instructions''.
(2) State: ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing
[IDENTIFY COMPONENT(S)] in a piece of nonroad equipment violates federal
law (40 CFR 1068.105(b)), subject to fines or other penalties as
described in the Clean Air Act.''
(3) Describe any limits on the range of applications needed to
ensure that the component operates consistently with your application
for certification. For example:
(i) For fuel tanks sold without fuel caps, you must specify the
requirements for the fuel cap, such as the allowable materials, thread
pattern, how it must seal, etc. You must also include instructions to
tether the fuel cap as described in Sec. 1060.101(f)(1) if you do not
sell your fuel tanks with tethered fuel caps.
(ii) If your fuel lines do not meet permeation standards specified
in Sec. 1060.102 for EPA Low-Emission Fuel Lines, tell

[[Page 633]]

equipment manufacturers not to install the fuel lines with Large SI
engines that operate on gasoline or another volatile liquid fuel.
(4) Describe instructions for installing components so they will
operate according to design specifications in your application for
certification. Specify sufficient detail to ensure that the equipment
will meet the applicable standards when your component is installed.
(5) If you certify a component with a family emission limit above
the emission standard, be sure to indicate that the equipment
manufacturer must have a source of credits to offset the higher
emissions. Also indicate the applications for which the regulations
allow for compliance using evaporative emission credits.
(6) Instruct the equipment manufacturers that they must comply with
the requirements of Sec. 1060.202.
(c) You do not need installation instructions for components you
install in your own equipment.
(d) Provide instructions in writing or in an equivalent format. For
example, you may post instructions on a publicly available Web site for
downloading or printing, provided you keep a copy of these instructions
in your records. If you do not provide the instructions in writing,
explain in your application for certification how you will ensure that
each installer is informed of the installation requirements.

Sec. 1060.135 How must I label and identify the engines and equipment I

produce?

The labeling requirements of this section apply for all equipment
manufacturers and for engine manufacturers that certify with respect to
evaporative emissions. See Sec. 1060.137 for the labeling requirements
that apply separately for fuel lines, fuel tanks, and other fuel-system
components.
(a) You must affix a permanent and legible label identifying each
engine or piece of equipment before introducing it into U.S. commerce.
The label must be--
(1) Attached in one piece so it is not removable without being
destroyed or defaced.
(2) Secured to a part of the engine or equipment needed for normal
operation and not normally requiring replacement.
(3) Durable and readable for the equipment's entire life.
(4) Written in English.
(5) Readily visible in the final installation. It may be under a
hinged door or other readily opened cover. It may not be hidden by any
cover attached with screws or any similar designs. Labels on marine
vessels (except personal watercraft) must be visible from the helm.
(b) If you hold a certificate for your engine or equipment with
respect to evaporative emissions, the engine or equipment label
specified in paragraph (a) of this section must--
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Include your corporate name and trademark. You may identify
another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you comply
with the provisions of Sec. 1060.640.
(3) State the date of manufacture [MONTH and YEAR] of the equipment;
however, you may omit this from the label if you stamp or engrave it on
the equipment.
(4) State: ``THIS EQUIPMENT [or VEHICLE or BOAT] MEETS U.S. EPA EVAP
STANDARDS.''
(5) Identify the certified fuel-system components installed on the
equipment as described in this paragraph (b)(5). Establish a component
code for each certified fuel-system component, including those certified
by other companies. You may use part numbers, certification numbers, or
any other unique code that you or the certifying component manufacturer
establish. This identifying information must correspond to printing or
other labeling on each certified fuel-system component, whether you or
the component manufacturer certifies the individual component. You may
identify multiple part numbers if your equipment design might include an
option to use more than one component design (such as from multiple
component manufacturers). Use one of the following methods to include
information on the label that identifies certified fuel-system
components:

[[Page 634]]

(i) Use the component codes to identify each certified fuel-system
component on the label specified in this paragraph (b).
(ii) Identify the emission family on the label using EPA's
standardized designation or an abbreviated equipment code that you
establish in your application for certification. Equipment manufacturers
that also certify their engines with respect to exhaust emissions may
use the same emission family name for both exhaust and evaporative
emissions. If you use the provisions of this paragraph (b)(5)(ii), you
must identify all the certified fuel-system components and the
associated component codes in your application for certification. In
this case the label specified in this paragraph (b) may omit the
information related to specific fuel-system components.
(c) If you produce equipment without certifying with respect to
evaporative emissions, the equipment label specified in paragraph (a) of
this section must--
(1) State: ``MEETS U.S. EPA EVAP STANDARDS USING CERTIFIED
COMPONENTS.''
(2) Include your corporate name.
(d) You may add information to the emission control information
label as follows:
(1) You may identify other emission standards that the engine meets
or does not meet (such as California standards). You may include this
information by adding it to the statement we specify or by including a
separate statement.
(2) You may add other information to ensure that the engine will be
properly maintained and used.
(3) You may add appropriate features to prevent counterfeit labels.
For example, you may include the engine's unique identification number
on the label.
(e) Anyone subject to the labeling requirements in this part 1060
may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements if it is necessary
or appropriate. We will approve the request if the alternate label is
consistent with the requirements of this part.

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23026, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1060.137 How must I label and identify the fuel-system components I

produce?

The requirements of this section apply for manufacturers of fuel-
system components subject to emission standards under this part 1060.
However, these requirements do not apply if you produce fuel-system
components that will be covered by a certificate of conformity from
another company under Sec. 1060.601(f). These requirements also do not
apply for components you certify if you also certify the equipment in
which the component is installed and meet the labeling requirements in
Sec. 1060.135.
(a) Label the components identified in this paragraph (a), unless
the components are too small to be properly labeled. Unless we approve
otherwise, we consider parts large enough to be properly labeled if they
have space for 12 characters in six-point font (approximately 2 mm x 12
mm). For these small parts, you may omit the label as long as you
identify those part numbers in your maintenance and installation
instructions.
(1) All fuel tanks, except for metal fuel tanks that are deemed
certified under Sec. 1060.103(f).
(2) Fuel lines. This includes primer bulbs unless they are excluded
from the definition of ``fuel line'' under the standard-setting part.
Label primer bulbs separately.
(3) Carbon canisters.
(4) Fuel caps, as described in this paragraph (a)(4). Fuel caps must
be labeled if they are separately certified under Sec. 1060.103 or if
the diurnal control system requires that the fuel tank hold pressure.
Fuel caps must also be labeled if they are mounted directly on the fuel
tank, unless the fuel tank is certified based on a worst-case fuel cap.
(5) Replaceable pressure-relief assemblies. This does not apply if
the component is integral to the fuel tank or fuel cap.
(6) Other components we determine to be critical to the proper
functioning of evaporative emission controls.
(b) Label your certified fuel-system components at the time of
manufacture. The label must be--
(1) Attached so it is not removable without being destroyed or
defaced.

[[Page 635]]

This may involve printing directly on the product. For molded products,
you may use the mold to apply the label.
(2) Durable and readable for the equipment's entire life.
(3) Written in English.
(c) Except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, you must
create the label specified in paragraph (b) of this section as follows:
(1) Include your corporate name. You may identify another company
instead of yours if you comply with the provisions of Sec. 1054.640.
(2) Include EPA's standardized designation for the emission family.
(3) State: ``EPA COMPLIANT''.
(4) Fuel tank labels must identify the FEL, if applicable.
(5) Fuel line labels must identify the applicable permeation level.
This may involve any of the following approaches:
(i) Identify the applicable numerical emission standard (such as 15
g/m \2\/day).
(ii) Identify the applicable emission standards using EPA
classifications (such as EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines).
(iii) Identify the applicable industry standard specification (such
as SAE J30 R12).
(6) Fuel line labels must be continuous, with no more than 12 inches
before repeating. We will consider labels to be continuous if the space
between repeating segments is no longer than that of the repeated
information. You may add a continuous stripe or other pattern to help
identify the particular type or grade of your products.
(d) You may create an abbreviated label for your components. Such a
label may rely on codes to identify the component. The code must at a
minimum identify the certification status, your corporate name, and the
emission family. For example, XYZ Manufacturing may label its fuel lines
as ``EPA-XYZ-A15'' to designate that their ``A15'' family was certified
to meet EPA's 15 g/m \2\/day standard. If you do this, you must describe
the abbreviated label in your application for certification and identify
all the associated information specified in paragraph (c) of this
section.
(e) You may ask us to approve modified labeling requirements in this
section as described in Sec. 1060.135(e).

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23026, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart C_Certifying Emission Families

Sec. 1060.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate

of conformity?

Manufacturers of engines, equipment, or fuel-system components may
need to certify their products with respect to evaporative emission
standards as described in Sec. Sec. 1060.1 and 1060.601. See Sec.
1060.202 for requirements related to certifying with respect to the
requirements specified in Sec. 1060.101(f). The following general
requirements apply for obtaining a certificate of conformity:
(a) You must send us a separate application for a certificate of
conformity for each emission family. A certificate of conformity for
equipment is valid starting with the indicated effective date but it is
not valid for any production after December 31 of the model year for
which it is issued. No certificate will be issued after December 31 of
the model year. A certificate of conformity for a component is valid
starting with the indicated effective date but it is not valid for any
production after the end of the production period for which it is
issued.
(b) The application must contain all the information required by
this part and must not include false or incomplete statements or
information (see Sec. 1060.255).
(c) We may ask you to include less information than we specify in
this subpart as long as you maintain all the information required by
Sec. 1060.250. For example, equipment manufacturers might use only
components that are certified by other companies to meet applicable
emission standards, in which case we would not require submission of
emission data already submitted by the component manufacturer.
(d) You must use good engineering judgment for all decisions related
to your application (see 40 CFR 1068.5).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.

[[Page 636]]

(f) See Sec. 1060.255 for provisions describing how we will process
your application.
(g) We may specify streamlined procedures for small-volume equipment
manufacturers.

Sec. 1060.202 What are the certification requirements related to the general

standards in Sec. 1060.101?

Equipment manufacturers must ensure that their equipment is
certified with respect to the general standards specified in Sec.
1060.101(f) as follows:
(a) If Sec. 1060.5 requires you to certify your equipment to any of
the emission standards specified in Sec. Sec. 1060.102 through
1060.105, describe in your application for certification how you will
meet the general standards specified in Sec. 1060.101(f).
(b) If Sec. 1060.5 does not require you to certify your equipment
to any of the emission standards specified in Sec. Sec. 1060.102
through 1060.105, your equipment is deemed to be certified with respect
to the general standards specified in Sec. 1060.101(f) if you design
and produce your equipment to meet those standards.
(1) You must keep records as described in Sec. 1060.210. The other
provisions of this part for certificate holders apply only as specified
in Sec. 1060.5.
(2) Your equipment is deemed to be certified only to the extent that
it meets the general standards in Sec. 1060.101(f). Thus, it is a
violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) to introduce into U.S. commerce such
equipment that does not meet applicable requirements under Sec.
1060.101(f).
(c) Instead of relying on paragraph (b) of this section, you may
submit an application for certification and obtain a certificate from
us. The provisions of this part apply in the same manner for
certificates issued under this paragraph (c) as for any other
certificate issued under this part.

Sec. 1060.205 What must I include in my application?

This section specifies the information that must be in your
application, unless we ask you to include less information under Sec.
1060.201(c). We may require you to provide additional information to
evaluate your application.
(a) Describe the emission family's specifications and other basic
parameters of the emission controls. Describe how you meet the running
loss emission control requirements in Sec. 1060.104, if applicable.
Describe how you meet any applicable equipment-based requirements of
Sec. 1060.101(e) and (f). State whether you are requesting
certification for gasoline or some other fuel type. List each
distinguishable configuration in the emission family.
(b) Describe the products you selected for testing and the reasons
for selecting them.
(c) Describe the test equipment and procedures that you used,
including any special or alternate test procedures you used (see Sec.
1060.501).
(d) List the specifications of the test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges specified in subpart F of this part.
(e) State the equipment applications to which your certification is
limited. For example, if your fuel system meets the emission
requirements of this part applicable only to handheld Small SI
equipment, state that the requested certificate would apply only for
handheld Small SI equipment.
(f) Identify the emission family's useful life.
(g) Include the maintenance instructions you will give to the
ultimate purchaser of each new nonroad engine (see Sec. 1060.125).
(h) Include the emission-related installation instructions you will
provide if someone else will install your component in a piece of
nonroad equipment (see Sec. 1060.130).
(i) Describe your emission control information label (see Sec. Sec.
1060.135 and 1060.137).
(j) Identify the emission standards or FELs to which you are
certifying the emission family.
(k) Present emission data to show your products meet the applicable
emission standards. Note that Sec. Sec. 1060.235 and 1060.240 allow you
to submit an application in certain cases without new emission data.
(l) State that your product was tested as described in the
application (including the test procedures, test parameters, and test
fuels) to show you meet the requirements of this part. If

[[Page 637]]

you did not do the testing, identify the source of the data.
(m) Report all test results, including those from invalid tests,
whether or not they were conducted according to the test procedures of
subpart F of this part. We may ask you to send other information to
confirm that your tests were valid under the requirements of this part.
(n) Unconditionally certify that all the products in the emission
family comply with the requirements of this part, other referenced parts
of the CFR, and the Clean Air Act.
(o) Include good-faith estimates of U.S.-directed production
volumes. Include a justification for the estimated production volumes if
they are substantially different than actual production volumes in
earlier years for similar models.
(p) Include other applicable information, such as information
required by other subparts of this part.
(q) Name an agent for service located in the United States. Service
on this agent constitutes service on you or any of your officers or
employees for any action by EPA or otherwise by the United States
related to the requirements of this part.

Sec. 1060.210 What records should equipment manufacturers keep if they do not

apply for certification?

If you are an equipment manufacturer that does not need to obtain a
certificate of conformity for your equipment as described in Sec.
1060.5, you must keep the records specified in this section to document
compliance with applicable requirements. We may review these records at
any time. If we ask, you must send us these records within 30 days. You
must keep these records for eight years from the end of the model year.
(a) Identify your equipment models and the annual U.S.-directed
production volumes for each model.
(b) Identify the emission family names of the certificates that will
cover your equipment, the part numbers of those certified components,
and the names of the companies that hold the certificates. You must be
able to identify this information for each piece of equipment you
produce.
(c) Describe how you comply with any emission-related installation
instructions, labeling requirements, and the general standards in Sec.
1060.101(e) and (f).

Sec. 1060.225 How do I amend my application for certification?

Before we issue a certificate of conformity, you may amend your
application to include new or modified configurations, subject to the
provisions of this section. After we have issued your certificate of
conformity, you may send us an amended application requesting that we
include new or modified configurations within the scope of the
certificate, subject to the provisions of this section. You must amend
your application if any changes occur with respect to any information
included in your application.
(a) You must amend your application before you take any of the
following actions:
(1) Add a configuration to an emission family. In this case, the
configuration added must be consistent with other configurations in the
emission family with respect to the criteria listed in Sec. 1060.230.
(2) Change a configuration already included in an emission family in
a way that may affect emissions, or change any of the components you
described in your application for certification. This includes
production and design changes that may affect emissions any time during
the equipment's lifetime.
(3) Modify an FEL for an emission family as described in paragraph
(f) of this section. Note however that component manufacturers may not
modify an FEL for their products unless they submit a separate
application for a new emission family.
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the Designated
Compliance Officer the following information:
(1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the configuration
you intend to make.
(2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended
emission family complies with all applicable requirements. You may do
this by showing that the original emission

[[Page 638]]

data are still appropriate for showing that the amended family complies
with all applicable requirements.
(3) If the original emission data for the emission family are not
appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified configuration,
include new test data showing that the new or modified configuration
meets the requirements of this part.
(c) We may ask for more test data or engineering evaluations. Within
30 days after we make our request, you must provide the information or
describe your plan for providing it in a timely manner.
(d) For emission families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, we will determine whether the existing certificate of
conformity covers your new or modified configuration. You may ask for a
hearing if we deny your request (see Sec. 1060.820).
(e) For emission families already covered by a certificate of
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified configuration
anytime after you send us your amended application and before we make a
decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, if we determine
that the affected configurations do not meet applicable requirements, we
will notify you to cease production of the configurations and may
require you to recall the equipment at no expense to the owner. Choosing
to produce equipment under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be consent to
recall all equipment that we determine do not meet applicable emission
standards or other requirements and to remedy the nonconformity at no
expense to the owner. If you do not provide information we request under
paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days after we request it, you
must stop producing the new or modified equipment.
(f) If you hold a certificate of conformity for equipment and you
have certified the fuel tank that you install in the equipment, you may
ask us to approve a change to your FEL after the start of production.
The changed FEL may not apply to equipment you have already introduced
into U.S. commerce, except as described in this paragraph (f). If we
approve a changed FEL after the start of production, you must identify
the date or serial number for applying the new FEL. If you identify this
by month and year, we will consider that a lowered FEL applies on the
last day of the month and a raised FEL applies on the first day of the
month. You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL in the following
cases:
(1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your emission family at any
time. In your request, you must show that you will still be able to meet
the emission standards as specified in the exhaust standard-setting
part. If you amend your application by submitting new test data to
include a newly added or modified fuel tank configuration, as described
in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, use the appropriate FELs with
corresponding production volumes to calculate your production-weighted
average FEL for the model year. In all other circumstances, you must use
the higher FEL for the entire family to calculate your production-
weighted average FEL under subpart H of this part.
(2) You may ask to lower the FEL for your emission family only if
you have test data from production units showing that emissions are
below the proposed lower FEL. The lower FEL applies only for units you
produce after we approve the new FEL. Use the appropriate FELs with
corresponding production volumes to calculate your production-weighted
average FEL for the model year.
(g) Component manufacturers may not change an emission family's FEL
under any circumstances. Changing the FEL would require submission of a
new application for certification.

Sec. 1060.230 How do I select emission families?

(a) For purposes of certification, divide your product line into
families of equipment (or components) that are expected to have similar
emission characteristics throughout their useful life.
(b) Group fuel lines into the same emission family if they are the
same in all the following aspects:
(1) Type of material including barrier layer.
(2) Production method.
(3) Types of connectors and fittings (material, approximate wall
thickness, etc.) for fuel line assemblies certified together.

[[Page 639]]

(c) Group fuel tanks (or fuel systems including fuel tanks) into the
same emission family if they are the same in all the following aspects:
(1) Type of material, including any pigments, plasticizers, UV
inhibitors, or other additives that are expected to affect control of
emissions.
(2) Production method.
(3) Relevant characteristics of fuel cap design for fuel systems
subject to diurnal emission requirements.
(4) Gasket material.
(5) Emission control strategy.
(6) Family emission limit, if applicable.
(d) Group other fuel-system components and equipment into the same
emission family if they are the same in all the following aspects:
(1) Emission control strategy and design.
(2) Type of material (such as type of charcoal used in a carbon
canister). This criteria does not apply for materials that are unrelated
to emission control performance.
(3) The fuel systems meet the running loss emission standard based
on the same type of compliance demonstration specified in Sec.
1060.104(b), if applicable.
(e) You may subdivide a group of equipment or components that are
identical under paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section into
different emission families if you show the expected emission
characteristics are different during the useful life.
(f) In unusual circumstances, you may group equipment or components
that are not identical with respect to the things listed in paragraph
(b) through (d) of this section into the same emission family if you
show that their emission characteristics during the useful life will be
similar. The provisions of this paragraph (f) do not exempt any engines
or equipment from meeting all the applicable standards and requirements
in subpart B of this part.
(g) Emission families may include components used in multiple
equipment categories. Such families are covered by a single certificate.
For example, a single emission family may contain fuel tanks used in
both Small SI equipment and Marine SI vessels.

Sec. 1060.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a

certificate of conformity?

This section describes the emission testing you must perform to show
compliance with the emission standards in subpart B of this part.
(a) Test your products using the procedures and equipment specified
in subpart F of this part.
(b) Select an emission-data unit from each emission family for
testing. If you are certifying with a family emission limit, you must
test at least three emission-data units. In general, you must test a
preproduction product that will represent actual production. However,
for fuel tank permeation, you may test a tank with standardized geometry
provided that it is made of the same material(s) and appropriate wall
thickness. In general, the test procedures specify that components or
systems be tested rather than complete equipment. For example, to
certify your family of Small SI equipment, you would need to test a
sample of fuel line for permeation emissions and a fuel tank for
permeation emissions. Note that paragraph (e) of this section and Sec.
1060.240 allow you in certain circumstances to certify without testing
an emission-data unit from the emission family. Select test components
that are most likely to exceed (or have emissions nearer to) the
applicable emission standards as follows:
(1) For fuel tanks, consider the following factors associated with
higher emission levels:
(i) Smallest average wall thickness (or barrier thickness, as
appropriate).
(ii) Greatest extent of pinch welds for tanks using barrier
technologies.
(iii) Greatest relative area of gasket material, especially if
gaskets are made of high-permeation materials.
(2) For fuel lines, consider the following factors associated with
higher emission levels:
(i) Smallest average wall thickness (or barrier thickness, as
appropriate).
(ii) Smallest inner diameter.
(c) You may not do maintenance on emission-data units.
(d) We may measure emissions from any of your products from the
emission family, as follows:

[[Page 640]]

(1) You must supply your products to us if we choose to perform
confirmatory testing.
(2) If we measure emissions on one of your products, the results of
that testing become the official emission results for the emission
family. Unless we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to
consider your data in determining if your emission family meets
applicable requirements.
(e) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous
production period instead of doing new tests, but only if all the
following are true:
(1) The emission family from the previous production period differs
from the current emission family only with respect to production period
or other characteristics unrelated to emissions. You may also ask to add
a configuration subject to Sec. 1060.225.
(2) The emission-data unit from the previous production period
remains the appropriate emission-data unit under paragraph (b) of this
section. For example, you may not carryover emission data for your
family of nylon fuel tanks if you have added a thinner-walled fuel tank
than was tested previously.
(3) The data show that the emission-data unit would meet all the
requirements that apply to the emission family covered by the
application for certification.
(f) We may require you to test another unit of the same or different
configuration in addition to the unit(s) tested under paragraph (b) of
this section.
(g) If you use an alternate test procedure under Sec. 1060.505, and
later testing shows that such testing does not produce results that are
equivalent to the procedures specified in this part, we may reject data
you generated using the alternate procedure.

Sec. 1060.240 How do I demonstrate that my emission family complies with

evaporative emission standards?

(a) For purposes of certification, your emission family is
considered in compliance with an evaporative emission standard in
subpart B of this part if you do either of the following:
(1) You have test results showing a certified emission level from
the fuel tank or fuel line (as applicable) in the family are at or below
the applicable standard.
(2) You comply with design specifications as specified in paragraphs
(d) through (f) of this section.
(b) Your emission family is deemed not to comply if any fuel tank or
fuel line representing that family has an official emission result above
the standard.
(c) Round each official emission result to the same number of
decimal places as the emission standard.
(d) You may demonstrate for certification that your emission family
complies with the fuel tank permeation standards specified in Sec.
1060.103 with any of the following control technologies:
(1) A coextruded high-density polyethylene fuel tank with a
continuous ethylene vinyl alcohol barrier layer (with not more than 40
molar percent ethylene) making up at least 2 percent of the fuel tank's
overall wall thickness with any of the following gasket and fuel-cap
characteristics:
(i) No nonmetal gaskets or fuel caps.
(ii) All nonmetal gaskets and fuel caps made from low-permeability
materials.
(iii) Nonmetal gaskets and fuel caps that are not made from low-
permeability materials up to the following limits:
(A) Gaskets with a total exposed surface area less than 0.25 percent
of the total inside surface area of the fuel tank. For example, a fuel
tank with an inside surface area of 0.40 square meters may use high-
permeation gasket material representing a surface area of up to 1,000
mm\2\ (0.25% x \1/100\ x 0.40 m\2\ x 1,000,000 mm\2\/m\2\). Determine
surface area based on the amount of material exposed to liquid fuel.
(B) Fuel caps directly mounted to the fuel tank with the surface
area of the fuel cap less than 3.0 percent of the total inside surface
area of the fuel tank. Use the smallest inside cross-sectional area of
the opening on which the cap is mounted as the fuel cap's surface area.
(2) A metal fuel tank with the gasket and fuel-cap characteristics
meeting the specifications in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iii) of this
section.

[[Page 641]]

(e) You may demonstrate for certification that your emission family
complies with the diurnal emission standards specified in Sec. 1060.105
with any of the following control technologies:
(1) A Marine SI fuel tank sealed up to a positive pressure of 7.0
kPa (1.0 psig); however, the fuel tank may contain air inlets that open
when there is a vacuum pressure inside the tank.
(2) A Marine SI fuel tank equipped with a passively purged carbon
canister that meets the requirements of this paragraph (e)(2). The
carbon must adsorb no more than 0.5 grams of water per gram of carbon at
90% relative humidity and a temperature of 255
[deg]C. The carbon granules must have a minimum mean diameter of 3.1 mm
based on the procedures in ASTM D2862 (incorporated by reference in
Sec. 1060.810). The carbon must also pass a dust attrition test based
on ASTM D3802 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1060.810), except that
hardness is defined as the ratio of mean particle diameter before and
after the test and the procedure must involve twenty \1/2\-inch steel
balls and ten \3/4\-inch steel balls. Use good engineering judgment in
the structural design of the carbon canister. The canister must have a
volume compensator or some other device to prevent the carbon pellets
from moving within the canister as a result of vibration or changing
temperature. The canister must have a minimum working capacity as
follows:
(i) You may use the measurement procedures specified by the
California Air Resources Board in Attachment 1 to TP-902 to show that
canister working capacity is least 3.6 grams of vapor storage capacity
per gallon of nominal fuel tank capacity (or 1.4 grams of vapor storage
capacity per gallon of nominal fuel tank capacity for fuel tanks used in
nontrailerable boats). TP-902 is part of Final Regulation Order, Article
1, Chapter 15, Division 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations,
July 26, 2004 as adopted by the California Air Resources Board
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1060.810).
(ii) You may produce canisters with a minimum carbon volume of 0.040
liters per gallon of nominal fuel tank capacity (or 0.016 liters per
gallon for fuel tanks used in nontrailerable boats). The carbon canister
must have a minimum effective length-to-diameter ratio of 3.5 and the
vapor flow must be directed with the intent of using the whole carbon
bed. The carbon must have a minimum carbon working capacity of 90 grams
per liter.
(f) We may establish additional design certification options where
we find that new test data demonstrate that the use of a different
technology design will ensure compliance with the applicable emission
standards.
(g) You may not establish a family emission limit below the emission
standard for components certified based on design specifications under
this section even if actual emission rates are much lower.

Sec. 1060.250 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain the following records:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you send
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1060.205 that you
were not required to include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of each emission-data unit. For each emission
data unit, include all of the following:
(i) The emission-data unit's construction, including its origin and
buildup, steps you took to ensure that it represents production
equipment, any components you built specially for it, and all the
components you include in your application for certification.
(ii) All your emission tests, including documentation on routine and
standard tests, and the date and purpose of each test.
(iii) All tests to diagnose emission control performance, giving the
date and time of each and the reasons for the test.
(iv) Any other significant events.
(4) Annual production figures for each emission family divided by
assembly plant.
(5) Keep a list of equipment identification numbers for all the
equipment you produce under each certificate of conformity.
(b) Keep required data from routine emission tests (such as
temperature measurements) for one year after we issue the associated
certificate of conformity. Keep all other information

[[Page 642]]

specified in paragraph (a) of this section for eight years after we
issue your certificate.
(c) Store these records in any format and on any media as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask
for them. You must keep these records readily available. We may review
them at any time.

Sec. 1060.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of

conformity?

(a) If we determine your application is complete and shows that the
emission family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean
Air Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for your emission
family for that production period. We may make the approval subject to
additional conditions.
(b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your emission family fails to comply with emission standards or
other requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke
your certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (e) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent).
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities despite our
presenting a warrant or court order (see 40 CFR 1068.20). This includes
a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
(5) Produce equipment or components for importation into the United
States at a location where local law prohibits us from carrying out
authorized activities.
(6) Fail to supply requested information or amend your application
to include all equipment or components being produced.
(7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the
Clean Air Act or this part.
(d) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information when we ask for it.
(e) We may void your certificate if we find that you intentionally
submitted false or incomplete information.
(f) If we deny your application or suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1060.820).

Subpart D_Production Verification Testing

Sec. 1060.301 Manufacturer testing.

(a) Using good engineering judgment, you must evaluate production
samples to verify that equipment or components you produce are as
specified in the certificate of conformity. This may involve testing
using certification procedures or other measurements.
(b) You must give us records to document your evaluation if we ask
for them.

Sec. 1060.310 Supplying products to EPA for testing.

Upon our request, you must supply a reasonable number of production
samples to us for verification testing.

Subpart E_In-use Testing

Sec. 1060.401 General Provisions.

We may perform in-use testing of any equipment or fuel-system
components subject to the standards of this part.

Subpart F_Test Procedures

Sec. 1060.501 General testing provisions.

(a) This subpart is addressed to you as a certifying manufacturer
but it applies equally to anyone who does testing for you.
(b) Unless we specify otherwise, the terms ``procedures'' and ``test
procedures'' in this part include all aspects of testing, including the
equipment specifications, calibrations, calculations, and other
protocols and procedural specifications needed to measure emissions.
(c) The specification for gasoline to be used for testing is given
in 40 CFR

[[Page 643]]

1065.710. Use the grade of gasoline specified for general testing. For
testing specified in this part that requires a blend of gasoline and
ethanol, blend this grade of gasoline with fuel-grade ethanol meeting
the specifications of ASTM D4806 (incorporated by reference in Sec.
1060.810). You do not need to measure the ethanol concentration of such
blended fuels and may instead calculate the blended composition by
assuming that the ethanol is pure and mixes perfectly with the base
fuel. For example, if you mix 10.0 liters of fuel-grade ethanol with
90.0 liters of gasoline, you may assume the resulting mixture is 10.0
percent ethanol. You may use more or less pure ethanol if you can
demonstrate that it will not affect your ability to demonstrate
compliance with the applicable emission standards. Note that unless we
specify otherwise, any references to gasoline-ethanol mixtures
containing a specified ethanol concentration means mixtures meeting the
provisions of this paragraph (c).
(d) Accuracy and precision of all temperature measurements must be
1.0 [deg]C or better. If you use multiple sensors
to measure differences in temperature, calibrate the sensors so they
will be within 0.5 [deg]C of each other when they are in thermal
equilibrium at a point within the range of test temperatures (use the
starting temperature in Table 1 to Sec. 1060.525 unless this is not
feasible).
(e) Accuracy and precision of mass balances must be sufficient to
ensure accuracy and precision of two percent or better for emission
measurements for products at the maximum level allowed by the standard.
The readability of the display may not be coarser than half of the
required accuracy and precision. Examples are shown in the following
table for a digital readout:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable standard.................. 1.5 g/m\2\/day......... 1.5 g/m\2\/day......... 15 g/m\2\/day.
Internal surface area................ 1.15 m\2\.............. 0.47 m\2\.............. 0.015 m\2\.
Length of test....................... 14.0 days.............. 14.0 days.............. 14.1 days.
Maximum allowable mass change........ 24.15 g................ 9.87 g................. 3.173 g.
Required accuracy and precision...... 0.483 g or better. eq>0.197 g or better. eq>0.0635 g or better.
Required readability................. 0.1 g or better........ 0.1 g or better........ 0.01 g or better.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8427, Feb. 24, 2009]

Sec. 1060.505 Other procedures.

(a) Your testing. The procedures in this part apply for all testing
you do to show compliance with emission standards, with certain
exceptions listed in this section.
(b) Our testing. These procedures generally apply for testing that
we do to determine if your equipment complies with applicable emission
standards. We may perform other testing as allowed by the Clean Air Act.
(c) Exceptions. We may allow or require you to use procedures other
than those specified in this part in the following cases:
(1) You may request to use special procedures if your equipment
cannot be tested using the specified procedures. We will approve your
request if we determine that it would produce emission measurements that
represent in-use operation and we determine that it can be used to show
compliance with the requirements of the standard-setting part.
(2) You may ask to use emission data collected using other
procedures, such as those of the California Air Resources Board or the
International Organization for Standardization. We will approve this
only if you show us that using these other procedures does not affect
your ability to show compliance with the applicable emission standards.
This generally requires emission levels to be far enough below the
applicable emission standards so any test differences do not affect your
ability to state unconditionally that your equipment will meet all
applicable emission standards when tested using the specified test
procedures.
(3) You may request to use alternate procedures that are equivalent
to allowed procedures or are more accurate

[[Page 644]]

or more precise than allowed procedures. See 40 CFR 1065.12 for a
description of the information that is generally required to show that
an alternate test procedure is equivalent.
(4) The test procedures are specified for gasoline-fueled equipment.
If your equipment will use another volatile liquid fuel instead of
gasoline, use a test fuel that is representative of the fuel that will
be used with the equipment in use. You may ask us to approve other
changes to the test procedures to reflect the effects of using a fuel
other than gasoline.
(d) Approval. If we require you to request approval to use other
procedures under paragraph (c) of this section, you may not use them
until we approve your request.

Sec. 1060.510 How do I test EPA Low-Emission Fuel Lines for permeation

emissions?

For EPA Low-Emission Fuel Lines, measure emissions according to SAE
J2260, which is incorporated by reference in Sec. 1060.810.

[74 FR 8427, Feb. 24, 2009]

Sec. 1060.515 How do I test EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines and EPA Cold-Weather Fuel

Lines for permeation emissions?

Measure emission as follows for EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines and EPA Cold-
Weather Fuel Lines:
(a) Prior to permeation testing, use good engineering judgment to
precondition the fuel line by filling it with the fuel specified in this
paragraph (a), sealing the openings, and soaking it for at least four
weeks at 43 5 [deg]C or eight weeks at 23 5 [deg]C.
(1) For EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines, use Fuel CE10, which is Fuel C as
specified in ASTM D471 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1060.810)
blended with ethanol such that the blended fuel has 10.0 1.0 percent ethanol by volume.
(2) For EPA Cold-Weather Fuel Lines, use gasoline blended with
ethanol such that the blended fuel has 10.0 1.0
percent ethanol by volume.
(b) Drain the fuel line and refill it immediately with the fuel
specified in paragraph (a) of this section. Be careful not to spill any
fuel.
(c) Measure fuel line permeation emissions using the equipment and
procedures for weight-loss testing specified in SAE J30 or SAE J1527
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1060.810). Start the measurement
procedure within 8 hours after draining and refilling the fuel line.
Perform the emission test over a sampling period of 14 days. Determine
your final emission result based on the highest measured valued over the
14-day period.
(d) Use good engineering judgment to test fuel line segments with
short length or narrow inner diameter. For example, size the fuel
reservoir appropriately for the tested fuel line and take steps to
eliminate air bubbles from narrow-diameter fuel lines.

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8427, Feb. 24, 2009; 75
FR 23027, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1060.520 How do I test fuel tanks for permeation emissions?

Measure permeation emissions by weighing a sealed fuel tank before
and after a temperature-controlled soak.
(a) Preconditioning durability testing. Take the following steps
before an emission test, in any order, if your emission control
technology involves surface treatment or other post-processing
treatments such as an epoxy coating:
(1) Pressure cycling. Perform a pressure test by sealing the tank
and cycling it between +13.8 and -1.7 kPa (+2.0 and -0.5 psig) for
10,000 cycles at a rate of 60 seconds per cycle. The purpose of this
test is to represent environmental wall stresses caused by pressure
changes and other factors (such as vibration or thermal expansion). If
your tank cannot be tested using the pressure cycles specified by this
paragraph (a)(1), you may ask to use special test procedures under Sec.
1060.505.
(2) UV exposure. Perform a sunlight-exposure test by exposing the
tank to an ultraviolet light of at least 24 W/m\2\ (0.40 W-hr/m\2\/min)
on the tank surface for at least 450 hours. Alternatively, the fuel tank
may be exposed to direct natural sunlight for an equivalent period of
time as long as you ensure that the tank is exposed to at least 450
daylight hours.
(3) Slosh testing. Perform a slosh test by filling the tank to 40-50
percent of

[[Page 645]]

its capacity with the fuel specified in paragraph (e) of this section
and rocking it at a rate of 15 cycles per minute until you reach one
million total cycles. Use an angle deviation of +15[deg] to -15[deg]
from level.
(4) Cap testing. Perform durability cycles on fuel caps intended for
use with handheld equipment by putting the fuel cap on and taking it off
300 times. Tighten the fuel cap each time in a way that represents the
typical in-use experience.
(b) Preconditioning fuel soak. Take the following steps before an
emission test:
(1) Fill the tank with the fuel specified in paragraph (e) of this
section, seal it, and allow it to soak at 28 5
[deg]C for at least 20 weeks. Alternatively, the tank may be soaked for
at least 10 weeks at 435 [deg]C. You may count the
time of the preconditioning steps in paragraph (a) of this section as
part of the preconditioning fuel soak as long as the ambient temperature
remains within the specified temperature range and the fuel tank is at
least 40 percent full; you may add or replace fuel as needed to conduct
the specified durability procedures.
(2) Empty the fuel tank and immediately refill it with the specified
test fuel to its nominal capacity. Be careful not to spill any fuel.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) Allow the tank and its contents to equilibrate to the
temperatures specified in paragraph (d)(7) of this section. Seal the
fuel tank as described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section once the fuel
temperatures are stabilized at the test temperature. You must seal the
tank no more than eight hours after refueling. Until the fuel tank is
sealed, take steps to minimize the vapor losses from the fuel tank, such
as keeping the fuel cap loose on the fuel inlet or routing vapors
through a vent hose.
(5) Seal the fuel tank as follows:
(i) If fuel tanks are designed for use with a filler neck such that
the fuel cap is not directly mounted on the fuel tank, you may seal the
fuel inlet with a nonpermeable covering.
(ii) If fuel tanks are designed with fuel caps directly mounted on
the fuel tank, take one of the following approaches:
(A) Use a production fuel cap expected to have permeation emissions
at least as high as the highest-emitting fuel cap that you expect to be
used with fuel tanks from the emission family. It would generally be
appropriate to consider an HDPE fuel cap with a nitrile rubber seal to
be worst-case.
(B) You may seal the fuel inlet with a nonpermeable covering if you
separately account for permeation emissions from the fuel cap. This may
involve a separate measurement of permeation emissions from a worst-case
fuel cap as described in Sec. 1060.521. This may also involve
specifying a worst-case Family Emission Limit based on separately
certified fuel caps as described in Sec. 1060.103(e).
(C) If you use or specify a fuel gasket made of low-permeability
material, you may seal the fuel inlet with a nonpermeable covering and
calculate an emission rate for the complete fuel tank using a default
value of 30 g/m\2\/day for the fuel cap (or 50 g/m\2\/day for testing at
40 [deg]C). Use the smallest inside cross-sectional area of the opening
on which the cap is mounted as the fuel cap's surface area.
(iii) Openings that are not normally sealed on the fuel tank (such
as hose-connection fittings and vents in fuel caps) may be sealed using
nonpermeable fittings such as metal or fluoropolymer plugs.
(iv) Openings for petcocks that are designed for draining fuel may
be sealed using nonpermeable fittings such as metal or fluoropolymer
plugs.
(v) Openings for grommets may be sealed using nonpermeable fittings
such as metal or fluoropolymer plugs.
(vi) Rather than sealing a fuel tank with nonpermeable fittings, you
may produce a fuel tank for testing without machining or stamping those
holes.
(c) Reference tank. A reference tank is required to correct for
buoyancy effects that may occur during testing. Prepare the reference
tank as follows:
(1) Obtain a second tank that is identical to the test tank. You may
not use a tank that has previously contained fuel or any other contents
that might affect its mass stability.
(2) Fill the reference tank with enough glass beads (or other inert
material) so the mass of the reference

[[Page 646]]

tank is approximately the same as the test tank when filled with fuel.
Considering the performance characteristics of your balance, use good
engineering judgment to determine how similar the mass of the reference
tank needs to be to the mass of the test tank.
(3) Ensure that the inert material is dry.
(4) Seal the tank.
(d) Permeation test run. To run the test, take the following steps
after preconditioning:
(1) Determine the fuel tank's internal surface area in square-
meters, accurate to at least three significant figures. You may use less
accurate estimates of the surface area if you make sure not to
overestimate the surface area.
(2) Weigh the sealed test tank and record the weight. Place the
reference tank on the balance and tare it so it reads zero. Place the
sealed test tank on the balance and record the difference between the
test tank and the reference tank. This value is Mo. Take this
measurement directly after sealing the test tank as specified in
paragraphs (b)(4) and (5) of this section.
(3) Carefully place the tank within a temperature-controlled room or
enclosure. Do not spill or add any fuel.
(4) Close the room or enclosure as needed to control temperatures
and record the time. However, you may need to take steps to prevent an
accumulation of hydrocarbon vapors in the room or enclosure that might
affect the degree to which fuel permeates through the fuel tank. This
might simply involve passive ventilation to allow fresh air exchanges.
(5) Ensure that the measured temperature in the room or enclosure
stays within the temperatures specified in paragraph (d)(6) of this
section.
(6) Leave the tank in the room or enclosure for the duration of the
test run.
(7) Hold the temperature of the room or enclosure at 28 2 [deg]C; measure and record the temperature at least
daily. You may alternatively hold the temperature of the room or
enclosure at 40 2 [deg]C to demonstrate compliance
with the alternative standards specified in Sec. 1060.103(b).
(8) Measure weight loss daily by retaring the balance using the
reference tank and weighing the sealed test tank. Calculate the
cumulative weight loss in grams for each measurement. Calculate the
coefficient of determination, r\2\, based on a linear plot of cumulative
weight loss vs. test days. Use the equation in 40 CFR 1065.602(k), with
cumulative weight loss represented by yi and cumulative time
represented by yref. The daily measurements must be at
approximately the same time each day. You may omit up to two daily
measurements in any seven-day period. Test for ten full days, then
determine when to stop testing as follows:
(i) You may stop testing after the measurement on the tenth day if
r\2\ is at or above 0.95 or if the measured value is less than 50
percent of the applicable standard. (Note that if a Family Emission
Limit applies for the family, it is considered to be the applicable
standard for that family.) This means that if you stop testing with an
r\2\ below 0.95, you may not use the data to show compliance with a
Family Emission Limit less than twice the measured value.
(ii) If after ten days of testing your r\2\ value is below 0.95 and
your measured value is more than 50 percent of the applicable standard,
continue testing for a total of 20 days or until r\2\ is at or above
0.95. If r\2\ is not at or above 0.95 within 20 days of testing,
discontinue the test and precondition the fuel tank further until it has
stabilized emission levels, then repeat the testing.
(9) Record the difference in mass between the reference tank and the
test tank for each measurement. This value is Mi, where i is
a counter representing the number of days elapsed. Subtract
Mi from Mo and divide the difference by the
internal surface area of the fuel tank. Divide this g/m\2\ value by the
number of test days (using at least two decimal places) to calculate the
emission rate in g/m\2\/day. Example: If a tank with an internal surface
area of 0.720 m\2\ weighed 1.31 grams less than the reference tank at
the beginning of the test and weighed 9.86 grams less than the reference
tank after soaking for 10.03 days, the emission rate would be--

((-1.31 g) - (-9.82 g))/0.720 m\2\/10.03 days = 1.1784 g/m\2\/day

[[Page 647]]

(10) Determine your final emission result based on the cumulative
weight loss measured on the final day of testing. Round this result to
the same number of decimal places as the emission standard.
(e) Fuel specifications. Use gasoline blended with ethanol such that
the blended fuel has 10.0 1.0 percent ethanol by
volume as specified in Sec. 1060.501. As an alternative, you may use
Fuel CE10, as described in Sec. 1060.515(a)(1).
(f) Flow chart. The following figure presents a flow chart for the
permeation testing described in this section:

[[Page 648]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.078

[[Page 649]]

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23027, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1060.521 How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions?

If you measure a fuel tank's permeation emissions with a
nonpermeable covering in place of the fuel cap under Sec.
1060.520(b)(5)(ii)(B), you must separately measure permeation emissions
from a fuel cap. You may show that your fuel tank and fuel cap meet
emission standards by certifying them separately or by combining the
separate measurements into a single emission rate based on the relative
surface areas of the fuel tank and fuel cap. However, you may not
combine these emission measurements if you test the fuel cap at a
nominal temperature of 28 [deg]C and you test the fuel tank at 40
[deg]C. Measure the fuel cap's permeation emissions as follows:
(a) Select a fuel cap expected to have permeation emissions at least
as high as the highest-emitting fuel cap that you expect to be used with
fuel tanks from the emission family. Include a gasket that represents
production models. If the fuel cap includes vent paths, seal these vents
as follows:
(1) If the vent path is through grooves in the gasket, you may use
another gasket with no vent grooves if it is otherwise the same as a
production gasket.
(2) If the vent path is through the cap, seal any vents for testing.
(b) Attach the fuel cap to a fuel tank with a capacity of at least
one liter made of metal or some other impermeable material.
(c) Use the procedures specified in Sec. 1060.520 to measure
permeation emissions. Calculate emission rates using the smallest inside
cross sectional area of the opening on which the cap is mounted as the
fuel cap's surface area.

Sec. 1060.525 How do I test fuel systems for diurnal emissions?

Use the procedures of this section to determine whether your fuel
tanks meet diurnal emission standards as specified in Sec. 1060.105.
(a) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, use the
following procedure to measure diurnal emissions:
(1) Diurnal measurements are based on a representative temperature
cycle. For marine fuel tanks, the temperature cycle specifies fuel
temperatures rather than ambient temperatures. The applicable
temperature cycle is indicated in the following table:

Table 1 to Sec. 1060.525--Diurnal Temperature Profiles for Fuel Tanks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Fuel Fuel Temperature
Ambient Temperature Profile for
Temperature Profile for Marine Fuel Tanks
Time (hours) Profile for Land- Installed Marine Installed in
based Fuel Tanks Fuel Tanks Nontrailerable
([deg]C) ([deg]C) Boats ([deg]C)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0...................................................... 22.2 25.6 27.6
1...................................................... 22.5 25.7 27.6
2...................................................... 24.2 26.5 27.9
3...................................................... 26.8 27.9 28.5
4...................................................... 29.6 29.2 29.0
5...................................................... 31.9 30.4 29.5
6...................................................... 33.9 31.4 29.9
7...................................................... 35.1 32.0 30.1
8...................................................... 35.4 32.2 30.2
9...................................................... 35.6 32.2 30.2
10..................................................... 35.3 32.1 30.2
11..................................................... 34.5 31.7 30.0
12..................................................... 33.2 31.0 29.7
13..................................................... 31.4 30.2 29.4
14..................................................... 29.7 29.3 29.1
15..................................................... 28.2 28.6 28.8
16..................................................... 27.2 28.0 28.5
17..................................................... 26.1 27.5 28.3
18..................................................... 25.1 27.0 28.1
19..................................................... 24.3 26.6 28.0
20..................................................... 23.7 26.3 27.9
21..................................................... 23.3 26.1 27.8
22..................................................... 22.9 25.9 27.7
23..................................................... 22.6 25.7 27.6

[[Page 650]]

24..................................................... 22.2 25.6 27.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) Fill the fuel tank to 40 percent of nominal capacity with the
gasoline specified in 40 CFR 1065.710 for general testing.
(3) Install a vapor line from any vent ports that would not be
sealed in the final in-use configuration. Use a length of vapor line
representing the largest inside diameter and shortest length that would
be expected with the range of in-use installations for the emission
family.
(4) Stabilize the fuel tank at the starting temperature of the
applicable temperature profile from paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
For sealed fuel systems, replace the fuel cap once the fuel reaches
equilibrium at the appropriate starting temperature.
(5) If the fuel tank is equipped with a carbon canister, load the
canister with butane or gasoline vapors to its canister working capacity
as specified in Sec. 1060.240(e)(2)(i) and attach it to the fuel tank
in a way that represents a typical in-use configuration.
(6) Place the fuel tank with the carbon canister and vent line in a
SHED meeting the specifications of 40 CFR 86.107-96(a)(1). Follow the
applicable temperature trace from paragraph (a)(1) of this section for
one 24-hour period. You need not measure emissions during this
stabilization step.
(7) As soon as possible after the stabilization in paragraph (a)(6)
of this section, purge the SHED and follow the applicable temperature
trace from paragraph (a)(1) of this section for three consecutive 24-
hour periods. Start measuring emissions when you start the temperature
profile. The end of the first, second, and third emission sampling
periods must occur 1440 6, 2880 6, and 4320 6 minutes,
respectively, after starting the measurement procedure. Use the highest
of the three emission levels to determine whether your fuel tank meets
the diurnal emission standard.
(8) For emission control technologies that rely on a sealed fuel
system, you may omit the stabilization step in paragraph (a)(6) of this
section and the last two 24-hour periods of emission measurements in
paragraph (a)(7) of this section. For purposes of this paragraph (a),
sealed fuel systems include those that rely on pressure-relief valves,
limiting flow orifices, bladder fuel tanks, and volume-compensating air
bags.
(b) You may subtract your fuel tank's permeation emissions from the
measured diurnal emissions if the fuel tank is preconditioned with
diurnal test fuel as described in Sec. 1060.520(b) or if you use good
engineering judgment to otherwise establish that the fuel tank has
stabilized permeation emissions. Measure permeation emissions for
subtraction as specified in Sec. 1060.520(c) and (d) before measuring
diurnal emissions, except that the permeation measurement must be done
with diurnal test fuel at 28 2 [deg]C. Use
appropriate units and corrections to subtract the permeation emissions
from the fuel tank during the diurnal emission test. You may not
subtract a greater mass of emissions under this paragraph (b) than the
fuel tank would emit based on meeting the applicable emission standard
for permeation.

Subpart G_Special Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1060.601 How do the prohibitions of 40 CFR 1068.101 apply with respect

to the requirements of this part?

(a) As described in Sec. 1060.1, fuel tanks and fuel lines that are
used with or intended to be used with new nonroad engines or equipment
are subject to evaporative emission standards under this

[[Page 651]]

part 1060. This includes portable marine fuel tanks and fuel lines and
other fuel-system components associated with portable marine fuel tanks.
Note that Sec. 1060.1 specifies an implementation schedule based on the
date of manufacture of nonroad equipment, so new fuel tanks and fuel
lines are not subject to standards under this part 1060 if they will be
installed for use in equipment built before the specified dates for
implementing the appropriate standards, subject to the limitations in
paragraph (b) of this section. Except as specified in paragraph (f) of
this section, fuel-system components that are subject to permeation or
diurnal emission standards under this part 1060 must be covered by a
valid certificate of conformity before being introduced into U.S.
commerce to avoid violating the prohibition of 40 CFR 1068.101(a). To
the extent we allow it under the exhaust standard-setting part, fuel-
system components may be certified with a family emission limit higher
than the specified emission standard. The provisions of this paragraph
(a) do not apply to fuel caps.
(b) New replacement fuel tanks and fuel lines must meet the
requirements of this part 1060 if they are intended to be used with
nonroad engines or equipment regulated under this part 1060, as follows:
(1) Applicability of standards between January 1, 2012 and December
31, 2019. Manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and importers must
clearly state on the packaging for all replacement components that could
reasonably be used with nonroad engines how such components may be used
consistent with the prohibition in paragraph (a) of this section. It is
presumed that such components are intended for use with nonroad engines
regulated under this part 1060 unless the components, or the packaging
for such components, clearly identify appropriate restrictions. This
requirement does not apply for components that are clearly not intended
for use with fuels.
(2) Applicability of standards after January 1, 2020. Starting
January 1, 2020 it is presumed that replacement components will be used
with nonroad engines regulated under this part 1060 if they can
reasonably be used with such engines. Manufacturers, distributors,
retailers, and importers are therefore obligated to take reasonable
steps to ensure that any uncertified components are not used to replace
certified components. This would require labeling the components and may
also require restricting the sales and requiring the ultimate purchaser
to agree to not use the components inappropriately. This requirement
does not apply for components that are clearly not intended for use with
fuels.
(3) Applicability of the tampering prohibition. If a fuel tank or
fuel line needing replacement was certified to meet the emission
standards in this part with a family emission limit below the otherwise
applicable standard, the new replacement fuel tank or fuel line must be
certified to current emission standards, but need not be certified with
the same or lower family emission limit to avoid violating the tampering
prohibition in 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1).
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Manufacturers that generate or use evaporative emission credits
related to Marine SI engines in 40 CFR part 1045 or Small SI engines in
40 CFR part 1054 are subject to the emission standards for which they
are generating or using evaporative emission credits. These engines or
equipment must therefore be covered by a valid certificate of conformity
showing compliance with emission-credit provisions before being
introduced into U.S. commerce to avoid violating the prohibition of 40
CFR 1068.101(a).
(e) If there is no valid certificate of conformity for any given
evaporative emission standard for new equipment, the manufacturers of
the engine, equipment and fuel-system components are each liable for
violations of the prohibited acts with respect to the fuel systems and
fuel-system components they have introduced into U.S. commerce,
including fuel systems and fuel-system components installed in engines
or equipment at the time the engines or equipment are introduced into
U.S. commerce.
(f) If you manufacture fuel lines or fuel tanks that are subject to
the requirements of this part as described in paragraph (a) of this
section, 40 CFR 1068.101(a) does not prohibit you from

[[Page 652]]

shipping your products directly to an equipment manufacturer or another
manufacturer from which you have received a written commitment to be
responsible for certifying the components as required under this part
1060. This includes SHED-based certification of Small SI equipment as
described in Sec. 1060.105. If you ship fuel lines or fuel tanks under
this paragraph (f), you must include documentation that accompanies the
shipped products identifying the name and address of the company
receiving shipment and stating that the fuel lines or fuel tanks are
exempt under the provisions of 40 CFR 1060.601(f).
(g) If new evaporative emission standards apply in a given model
year, your equipment in that model year must have fuel-system components
that are certified to the new standards, except that you may continue to
use up your normal inventory of earlier fuel-system components that were
built before the date of the new or changed standards. For example, if
your normal inventory practice is to keep on hand a one-month supply of
fuel tanks based on your upcoming production schedules, and a new tier
of standards starts to apply for the 2012 model year, you may order fuel
tanks based on your normal inventory requirements late in the fuel tank
manufacturer's 2011 model year and install those fuel tanks in your
equipment, regardless of the date of installation. Also, if your model
year starts before the end of the calendar year preceding new standards,
you may use fuel-system components from the previous model year (or
uncertified components if no standards were in place) for those units
you produce before January 1 of the year that new standards apply. If
emission standards do not change in a given model year, you may continue
to install fuel-system components from the previous model year without
restriction. You may not circumvent the provisions of 40 CFR
1068.101(a)(1) by stockpiling fuel-system components that were built
before new or changed standards take effect.
(h) If equipment manufacturers hold certificates of conformity for
their equipment but they use only fuel-system components that have been
certified by other companies, they may satisfy their defect-reporting
obligations by tracking the information described in 40 CFR
1068.501(b)(1) related to possible defects, reporting this information
to the appropriate component manufacturers, and keeping these records
for eight years. Such equipment manufacturers will not be considered in
violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(6) for failing to perform
investigations, make calculations, or submit reports to EPA as specified
in 40 CFR 1068.501. See Sec. 1060.5(a).

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23027, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1060.605 Exemptions from evaporative emission standards.

(a) Except as specified in the exhaust standard-setting part and
paragraph (b) of this section, equipment using an engine that is exempt
from exhaust emission standards under the provisions in 40 CFR part
1068, subpart C or D, is also exempt from the requirements of this part
1060. For example, engines or equipment exempted from exhaust emission
standards for purposes of national security do not need to meet
evaporative emission standards. Also, any engine that is exempt from
emission standards because it will be used solely for competition does
not need to meet evaporative emission standards. Equipment that is
exempt from all exhaust emission standards under the standard-setting
part are also exempt from the requirements of this part 1060; however,
this does not apply for engines that must meet a less stringent exhaust
emission standard as a condition of the exemption.
(b) Engines produced under the replacement-engine exemption in 40
CFR 1068.240 must use fuel-system components that meet the evaporative
emission standards based on the model year of the engine being replaced
subject to the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.265. If no evaporative emission
standards applied at that time, no requirements related to evaporative
emissions apply to the new engine. Installing a replacement engine does
not change the applicability of requirements for the equipment into
which the replacement engine is installed.

[[Page 653]]

(c) Engines or equipment that are temporarily exempt from EPA
exhaust emission standards are also exempt from the requirements of this
part 1060 for the same period as the exhaust exemption.
(d) For equipment powered by more than one engine, all the engines
installed in the equipment must be exempt from all applicable EPA
exhaust emission standards for the equipment to also be exempt under
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.
(e) In unusual circumstances, we may exempt components or equipment
from the requirements of this part 1060 even if the equipment is powered
by one or more engines that are subject to EPA exhaust emission
standards. See 40 CFR part 1068. Such exemptions will be limited to:
(1) Testing. See 40 CFR 1068.210.
(2) National security. See 40 CFR 1068.225.
(3) Economic hardship. See 40 CFR 1068.245 and 1068.250.
(f) Evaporative emission standards generally apply based on the
model year of the equipment, which is determined by the equipment's date
of final assembly. However, in the first year of new emission standards,
equipment manufacturers may apply evaporative emission standards based
on the model year of the engine as shown on the engine's emission
control information label. For example, for fuel tank permeation
standards starting in 2012, equipment manufacturers may order a batch of
2011 model year engines for installation in 2012 model year equipment,
subject to the anti-stockpiling provisions of 40 CFR 1068.105(a). The
equipment with the 2011 model year engines would not need to meet fuel
tank permeation standards as long as the equipment is fully assembled by
December 31, 2012.

Sec. 1060.640 What special provisions apply to branded equipment?

The following provisions apply if you identify the name and
trademark of another company instead of your own on your emission
control information label for equipment, as provided by Sec. Sec.
1060.135 and 1060.137:
(a) You must have a contractual agreement with the other company
that obligates that company to take the following steps:
(1) Meet the emission warranty requirements that apply under Sec.
1060.120. This may involve a separate agreement involving reimbursement
of warranty-related expenses.
(2) Report all warranty-related information to the certificate
holder.
(b) In your application for certification, identify the company
whose trademark you will use and describe the arrangements you have made
to meet your requirements under this section.
(c) You remain responsible for meeting all the requirements of this
chapter, including warranty and defect-reporting provisions.

Subpart H_Averaging, Banking, and Trading Provisions

Sec. 1060.701 Applicability.

(a) You are allowed to comply with the emission standards in this
part with evaporative emission credits only if the exhaust standard-
setting part explicitly allows it for evaporative emissions.
(b) The following exhaust standard-setting parts allow some use of
evaporative emission credits:
(1) 40 CFR part 1045 for marine vessels.
(2) 40 CFR part 1051 for recreational vehicles.
(3) 40 CFR part 1054 for Small SI equipment.
(c) As specified in 40 CFR part 1048, there is no allowance to
generate or use emission credits with Large SI equipment.

Sec. 1060.705 How do I certify components to an emission level other than the

standard under this part or use such components in my equipment?

As specified in this section, a fuel-system component may be
certified to a family emission limit (FEL) instead of the otherwise
applicable emission standard. Note that the exhaust standard-setting
part may apply maximum values for an FEL (i.e., FEL caps).
(a) Requirements for certifying component manufacturers. See subpart
C of this part for instructions regarding the

[[Page 654]]

general requirements for certifying components.
(1) When you submit your application for certification, indicate the
FEL to which your components will be certified. This FEL will serve as
the applicable standard for your component, and the equipment that uses
the component. For example, when the regulations of this part use the
phrase ``demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission standard''
it will mean ``demonstrate compliance with the FEL'' for your component.
(2) You may not change the FEL for an emission family. To specify a
different FEL for your components, you must send a new application for
certification for a new emission family.
(3) Unless your FEL is below all emission standards that could
potentially apply, you must ensure that all equipment manufacturers that
will use your component are aware of the limitations regarding the
conditions under which they may use your component.
(4) It is your responsibility to read the instructions relative to
emission-credit provisions in the standard-setting parts identified in
Sec. 1060.1.
(b) Requirements for equipment manufacturers. See subpart C of this
part for instructions regarding your ability to rely on the component
manufacturer's certificate.
(1) The FEL of the component will serve as the applicable standard
for your equipment.
(2) You may not specify more than one FEL for an emission family at
one time; however, you may change the FEL during the model year as
described in Sec. 1060.225(f).
(3) If the FEL is above the emission standard you must ensure that
the exhaust standard-setting part allows you to use evaporative emission
credits to comply with emission standards and that you will have an
adequate source of evaporative emission credits. You must certify your
equipment as specified in Sec. 1060.201 and the rest of subpart C of
this part.

Subpart I_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1060.801 What definitions apply to this part?

The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply
to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the
meaning the Clean Air Act gives to them. The definitions follow:
Accuracy and precision means the sum of accuracy and repeatability,
as defined in 40 CFR 1065.1001. For example, if a measurement device is
determined to have an accuracy of 1% and a
repeatability of 2%, then its accuracy and
precision would be 3%.
Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design
that someone can adjust and that, if adjusted, may affect emissions. You
may ask us to exclude a parameter if you show us that it will not be
adjusted in use in a way that affects emissions.
Applicable emission standard or applicable standard means an
emission standard to which a fuel-system component is subject.
Additionally, if a fuel-system component has been or is being certified
to another standard or FEL, applicable emission standard means the FEL
or other standard to which the fuel-system component has been or is
being certified. This definition does not apply to subpart H of this
part.
Canister working capacity means the measured amount of hydrocarbon
vapor that can be stored in a canister as specified in Sec.
1060.240(e)(2)(i).
Carbon working capacity means the measured amount of hydrocarbon
vapor that can be stored in a given volume of carbon when tested
according to ASTM D5228 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1060.810).
See Sec. 1060.240(e)(2)(ii).
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an emission family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest official emission result
in an emission family.
Clean Air Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-
7671q.

[[Page 655]]

Cold-weather equipment is limited to the following types of handheld
equipment: Chainsaws, cut-off saws, clearing saws, brush cutters with
engines at or above 40cc, commercial earth and wood drills, and ice
augers. This includes earth augers if they are also marketed as ice
augers.
Configuration means a unique combination of hardware (material,
geometry, and size) and calibration within an emission family. Units
within a single configuration differ only with respect to normal
production variability.
Date of manufacture, means one of the following with respect to
equipment:
(1) For outboard engines with under-cowl fuel tanks and for vessels
equipped with outboard engines and installed fuel tanks, date of
manufacture means the date on which the fuel tank is installed.
(2) For all other equipment, date of manufacture has the meaning
given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Days means calendar days unless otherwise specified. For example,
when we specify working days we mean calendar days, excluding weekends
and U.S. national holidays.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy-Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Detachable fuel line means a fuel line or fuel line assembly
intended to be used with a portable nonroad fuel tank and which is
connected by special fittings to the fuel tank and/or engine for easy
disassembly. Fuel lines that require a wrench or other tools to
disconnect are not considered detachable fuel lines. Fuel lines that are
labeled or marketed as USCG Type B1 fuel line as specified in 33 CFR
183.540 are not considered detachable fuel lines if they are sold to the
ultimate purchaser without quick-connect fittings or similar hardware.
Diurnal emissions means evaporative emissions that occur as a result
of venting fuel tank vapors during daily temperature changes while the
engine is not operating.
Effective length-to-diameter ratio means the mean vapor path length
of a carbon canister divided by the effective diameter of that vapor
path. The effective diameter is the diameter of a circle with the same
cross-sectional area as the average cross-sectional area of the carbon
canister's vapor path.
Emission control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the regulated evaporative emissions from
a piece of nonroad equipment.
Emission-data unit means a fuel line, fuel tank, fuel system, or
fuel-system component that is tested for certification. This includes
components tested by EPA.
Emission family has the meaning given in Sec. 1060.230.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Equipment means vehicles, marine vessels, and other types of nonroad
equipment that are subject to this part's requirements.
Evaporative means relating to fuel emissions that result from
permeation of fuel through the fuel-system materials or from ventilation
of the fuel system.
Exhaust standard-setting part means the part in the Code of Federal
Regulations that contains exhaust emission standards for a particular
piece of equipment (or the engine in that piece of equipment). For
example, the exhaust standard-setting part for off-highway motorcycles
is 40 CFR part 1051. Exhaust standard-setting parts may include
evaporative emission requirements or describe how the requirements of
this part 1060 apply.
Exposed gasket surface area means the surface area of the gasket
inside the fuel tank that is exposed to fuel or fuel vapor. For the
purposes of calculating exposed surface area of a gasket, the thickness
of the gasket and the outside dimension of the opening being sealed are
used. Gasket overhang into the fuel tank should be ignored for the
purpose of this calculation.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission
standard under an ABT program specified by the exhaust standard-setting
part. The

[[Page 656]]

family emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal
places as the emission standard it replaces. The family emission limit
serves as the emission standard for the emission family with respect to
all required testing.
Fuel CE10 has the meaning given in Sec. 1060.515(a).
Fuel line means hoses or tubing designed to contain liquid fuel. The
exhaust standard-setting part may further specify which types of hoses
and tubing are subject to the standards of this part.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering,
and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s),
including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel
lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system
vents. In the case where the fuel tank cap or other components
(excluding fuel lines) are directly mounted on the fuel tank, they are
considered to be a part of the fuel tank.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type,
such as premium gasoline, regular gasoline, or gasoline with 10 percent
ethanol.
Gasoline means one of the following:
(1) For in-use fuels, gasoline means fuel that is commonly and
commercially know as gasoline, including ethanol blends.
(2) For testing, gasoline has the meaning given in subpart F of this
part.
Good engineering judgment means judgments made consistent with
generally accepted scientific and engineering principles and all
available relevant information. See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative
process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment.
High-permeability material means any nonmetal material that does not
qualify as low-permeability material.
Installed marine fuel line means a fuel line designed for delivering
fuel to a Marine SI engine that does not meet the definition of portable
marine fuel line.
Installed marine fuel tank means a fuel tank designed for delivering
fuel to a Marine SI engine that does not meet the definition of portable
marine fuel tanks.
Large SI means relating to engines that are subject to evaporative
emission standards in 40 CFR part 1048.
Low-permeability material means, for gaskets, a material with
permeation emission rates at or below 10 (g-mm)/m\2\/day when measured
according to SAE J2659 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1060.810),
where the test temperature is 23 [deg]C, the test fuel is Fuel CE10, and
testing immediately follows a four-week preconditioning soak with the
test fuel.
Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing,
constructing, and assembling an engine, piece of nonroad equipment, or
fuel-system components subject to the requirements of this part.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Clean
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550(1)). In general, this term includes:
(1) Any person who manufactures an engine or piece of nonroad
equipment for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new
nonroad engine or a piece of new nonroad equipment into U.S. commerce.
(2) Any person who manufactures a fuel-system component for an
engine subject to the requirements of this part as described in Sec.
1060.1(a).
(3) Importers who import such products into the United States.
Marine SI means relating to vessels powered by engines that are
subject to exhaust emission standards in 40 CFR part 1045.
Marine vessel has the meaning given in 40 CFR Sec. 1045.801, which
generally includes all nonroad equipment used as a means of
transportation on water.
Model year means one of the following things:
(1) For equipment defined as ``new nonroad equipment'' under
paragraph (1) of the definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year
means one of the following:
(i) Calendar year.
(ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different than
the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar year for
which the model year is named. It may not begin

[[Page 657]]

before January 2 of the previous calendar year and it must end by
December 31 of the named calendar year.
(2) For other equipment defined as ``new nonroad equipment'' under
paragraph (2) of the definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year
has the meaning given in the exhaust standard-setting part.
(3) For other equipment defined as ``new nonroad equipment'' under
paragraph (3) or paragraph (4) of the definition of ``new nonroad
engine,'' model year means the model year of the engine as defined in
the exhaust standard-setting part.
New nonroad equipment means equipment meeting one or more of the
following criteria:
(1) Nonroad equipment for which the ultimate purchaser has never
received the equitable or legal title. The equipment is no longer new
when the ultimate purchaser receives this title or the product is placed
into service, whichever comes first.
(2) Nonroad equipment that is defined as new under the exhaust
standard-setting part. (Note: equipment that is not defined as new under
the exhaust standard-setting part may be defined as new under this
definition of ``new nonroad equipment.'')
(3) Nonroad equipment with an engine that becomes new (as defined in
the exhaust standard-setting part) while installed in the equipment. The
equipment is no longer new when it is subsequently placed into service.
This paragraph (3) does not apply if the engine becomes new before being
installed in the equipment.
(4) Nonroad equipment not covered by a certificate of conformity
issued under this part at the time of importation and manufactured after
the requirements of this part start to apply (see Sec. 1060.1). The
equipment is no longer new when it is subsequently placed into service.
Importation of this kind of new nonroad equipment is generally
prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068.
Nominal capacity means a fuel tank's volume as specified by the fuel
tank manufacturer, using at least two significant figures, based on the
maximum volume of fuel the tank can hold with standard refueling
techniques.
Nonroad engine has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general
this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle engines,
stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used
in aircraft. This part does not apply to all nonroad engines (see Sec.
1060.1).
Nonroad equipment means a piece of equipment that is powered by or
intended to be powered by one or more nonroad engines. Note that
Sec. Sec. 1060.5 and 1060.601 describes how we treat outboard engines,
portable marine fuel tanks, and associated fuel-system components as
nonroad equipment under this part 1060.
Nontrailerable boat means a vessel whose length is 26.0 feet or
more, or whose width is more than 8.5 feet.
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data unit.
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose.
Portable marine fuel line means a detachable fuel line that is used
or intended to be used to supply fuel to a marine engine during
operation. This also includes any fuel line labeled or marketed at USCG
Type B1 fuel line as specified in 33 CFR 183.540, whether or not it
includes detachable connecting hardware; this is often called universal
fuel line.
Portable marine fuel tank means a portable fuel tank that is used or
intended to be used to supply fuel to a marine engine during operation.
Portable nonroad fuel tank means a fuel tank that meets each of the
following criteria:
(1) It has design features indicative of use in portable
applications, such as a carrying handle and fuel line fitting that can
be readily attached to and detached from a nonroad engine.
(2) It has a nominal fuel capacity of 12 gallons or less.
(3) It is designed to supply fuel to an engine while the engine is
operating.
(4) It is not used or intended to be used to supply fuel to a marine
engine.
Production period means the period in which a component or piece of
equipment will be produced under a certificate of conformity. A given
production period for an emission family may not

[[Page 658]]

include components certified using different test data. A production
period may not exceed five years for certified components. Note that the
definition of model year includes specifications related to production
periods for which a certificate is valid for equipment.
Recreational vehicle means vehicles that are subject to evaporative
emission standards in 40 CFR part 1051. This generally includes engines
that will be installed in recreational vehicles if the engines are
certified separately under 40 CFR 1051.20.
Relating to as used in this section means relating to something in a
specific, direct manner. This expression is used in this section only to
define terms as adjectives and not to broaden the meaning of the terms.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. If we revoke a
certificate or an exemption, you must apply for a new certificate or
exemption before continuing to introduce the affected equipment into
U.S. commerce.
Round means to round numbers according to standard procedures as
specified in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
Running loss emissions means unburned fuel vapor that escapes from
the fuel system to the ambient atmosphere while the engine is operating,
excluding permeation emissions and diurnal emissions. Running loss
emissions generally result from fuel-temperature increases caused by
heat released from in-tank fuel pumps, fuel recirculation, or proximity
to heat sources such as the engine or exhaust components.
Sealed means lacking openings to the atmosphere that would allow a
measurable amount of liquid or vapor to leak out under normal operating
pressures or other pressures specified in this part. For example, you
may generally establish a maximum value for operating pressures based on
the highest pressure you would observe from an installed fuel tank
during continuous equipment operation on a sunny day with ambient
temperatures of 35 [deg]C. A fuel system may be considered to have no
measurable leak if it does not release bubbles when held underwater at
the identified tank pressure for 60 seconds. This determination presumes
the use of good engineering judgment; for example, it would not be
appropriate to test the fuel tank such that small leaks would avoid
detection by collecting in a cavity created by holding the tank with a
certain orientation. Sealed fuel systems may have openings for emission
controls or for fuel lines needed to route fuel to the engine.
Small SI means relating to engines that are subject to emission
standards in 40 CFR part 90 or 1054.
Structurally integrated nylon fuel tank means a fuel tank having all
the following characteristics:
(1) The fuel tank is made of a polyamide material that does not
contain more than 50 percent by weight of a reinforcing glass fiber or
mineral filler and does not contain more than 10 percent by weight of
impact modified polyamides that use rubberized agents such as EPDM
rubber.
(2) The fuel tank must be used in a cut-off saw or chainsaw or be
integrated into a major structural member where, as a single component,
the fuel tank material is a primary structural/stress member for other
major components such as the engine, transmission, or cutting
attachment.
Subchapter U means 40 CFR parts 1000 through 1299.
Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. If we suspend a
certificate, you may not introduce into U.S. commerce equipment from
that emission family unless we reinstate the certificate or approve a
new one. If we suspend an exemption, you may not introduce into U.S.
commerce equipment that was previously covered by the exemption unless
we reinstate the exemption.
Tare means to use a container or other reference mass to zero a
balance before weighing a sample. Generally, this means placing the
container or reference mass on the balance, allowing it to stabilize,
then zeroing the balance without removing the container or reference
mass. This allows you to use the balance to determine the difference in
mass between the sample and the container or reference mass.
Test sample means the collection of fuel lines, fuel tanks, or fuel
systems selected from the population of an emission family for emission
testing. This may include certification testing or any kind of
confirmatory testing.

[[Page 659]]

Test unit means a piece of fuel line, a fuel tank, or a fuel system
in a test sample.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new nonroad equipment,
the first person who in good faith purchases such new nonroad equipment
for purposes other than resale.
Ultraviolet light means electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength
between 300 and 400 nanometers.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
U.S.-directed production volume means the amount of equipment,
subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for
which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will
be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States.
Useful life means the period during which new nonroad equipment is
required to comply with all applicable emission standards. See Sec.
1060.101.
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this means
to invalidate a certificate or an exemption both retroactively and
prospectively.
Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel
that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor Pressure
higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.
Wintertime equipment means equipment using a wintertime engine, as
defined in 40 CFR 1054.801. Note this definition applies only for Small
SI equipment.

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23027, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1060.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

[deg] degree.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials.
C Celsius.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
FEL family emission limit.
g gram.
gal gallon.
hr hour.
in inch.
kPa kilopascal.
kW kilowatt.
L liter.
m meter.
min minute.
mm millimeter.
psig pounds per square inch of gauge pressure.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
SHED Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination.
U.S. United States.
U.S.C. United States Code.
W watt.

Sec. 1060.810 What materials does this part reference?

Documents listed in this section have been incorporated by reference
into this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference as prescribed in 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR
part 51. Anyone may inspect copies at the U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102,
EPA West Building, Washington, DC 20460 or at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of
this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://
www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--
locations.html.
(a) ASTM material. Table 1 to this section lists material from the
American Society for Testing and Materials that we have incorporated by
reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material.
The second column lists the sections of this part where we reference it.
Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the American Society
for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., P.O. Box C700, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428 or http://www.astm.com. Table 1 follows:

[[Page 660]]

Table 1 to Sec. 1060.810--ASTM Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 1060
Document number and name reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM D471-06, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-- 1060.515
Effect of Liquids (``ASTM D471'')......................
ASTM D2862-97 (Reapproved 2004), Standard Test Method 1060.240
for Particle Size Distribution of Granular Activated
Carbon (``ASTM D2862'')................................
ASTM D3802-79 (Reapproved 2005), Standard Test Method 1060.240
for Ball-Pan Hardness of Activated Carbon (``ASTM
D3802'')...............................................
ASTM D4806-07, Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel 1060.501
Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as
Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel (``ASTM D4806'').
ASTM D5228-92 (Reapproved 2005), Standard Test Method 1060.801
for Determination of Butane Working Capacity of
Activated Carbon (``ASTM D5228'')......................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) SAE material. Table 2 to this section lists material from the
Society of Automotive Engineers that we have incorporated by reference.
The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second
column lists the sections of this part where we reference it. Anyone may
purchase copies of these materials from the Society of Automotive
Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or http://
www.sae.org. Table 2 follows:

Table 2 to Sec. 1060.810--SAE Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 1060
Document number and name reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAE J30, Fuel and Oil Hoses, June 1998.................. 1060.515
SAE J1527, Marine Fuel Hoses, January 1993 (Issued 1985- 1060.515
12, Revised 1993-02)...................................
SAE J2260, Nonmetallic Fuel System Tubing with One or 1060.510
More Layers, November 2004.............................
SAE J2659, Test Method to Measure Fluid Permeation of 1060.801
Polymeric Materials by Speciation, December 2003.......
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) California Air Resources Board material. Table 3 to this section
lists material from the California Air Resources Board that we have
incorporated by reference. The first column lists the number and name of
the material. The second column lists the sections of this part where we
reference it. Anyone may obtain copies of these materials from
California Air Resources Board, Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 9528 Telstar
Avenue, El Monte, CA 91731-2990 or http://www.arb.ca.gov. Table 3
follows:

Table 3 to Sec. 1060.810--California Air Resources Board Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 1060
Document number and name reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Final Regulation Order, Article 1, Chapter 15, Division 1060.105,
3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, July 26, 1060.240
2004...................................................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) American Boat and Yacht Council Material. Table 4 to this
section lists material from the American Boat and Yacht Council that we
have incorporated by reference. The first column lists the number and
name of the material. The second column lists the sections of this part
where we reference it. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials
from the American Boat and Yacht Council, 613 Third Street, Suite 10,
Annapolis, MD 21403 or http://www.abycinc.org/. Table 4 follows:

Table 4 to Sec. 1060.810--American Boat and Yacht Council Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document No. and name Part 1060 reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABYC H-25, Portable Marine Gasoline Fuel 1060.105
Systems, July 2010............................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 661]]

[73 FR 59298, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 56482, Sept. 16, 2010]

Sec. 1060.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?

Sec. 1060.820 How do I request a hearing?

Sec. 1060.825 What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this

part?

Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq), the
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping
specified in the applicable regulations. The following items illustrate
the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for products
regulated under this part:
(a) We specify the following requirements related to equipment
certification in this part 1060:
(1) In 40 CFR 1060.20 we give an overview of principles for
reporting information.
(2) In 40 CFR part 1060, subpart C, we identify a wide range of
information required to certify engines.
(3) In 40 CFR 1060.301 we require manufacturers to make engines or
equipment available for our testing if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1060.505 we specify information needs for establishing
various changes to published test procedures.
(b) We specify the following requirements related to the general
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
(1) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
(2) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information.
(3) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make equipment
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
(4) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require equipment manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
(5) [Reserved]
(6) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.
(7) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing equipment.
(8) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line products in a selective enforcement
audit.
(9) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
(10) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming equipment.

[[Page 662]]

PART 1065_ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Applicability and General Provisions

Sec.
1065.1 Applicability.
1065.2 Submitting information to EPA under this part.
1065.5 Overview of this part 1065 and its relationship to the standard-
setting part.
1065.10 Other procedures.
1065.12 Approval of alternate procedures.
1065.15 Overview of procedures for laboratory and field testing.
1065.20 Units of measure and overview of calculations.
1065.25 Recordkeeping.

Subpart B_Equipment Specifications

1065.101 Overview.
1065.110 Work inputs and outputs, accessory work, and operator demand.
1065.120 Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure.
1065.122 Engine cooling and lubrication.
1065.125 Engine intake air.
1065.127 Exhaust gas recirculation.
1065.130 Engine exhaust.
1065.140 Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.
1065.145 Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling system
components.
1065.150 Continuous sampling.
1065.170 Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents.
1065.190 PM-stabilization and weighing environments for gravimetric
analysis.
1065.195 PM-stabilization environment for in-situ analyzers.

Subpart C_Measurement Instruments

1065.201 Overview and general provisions.
1065.202 Data updating, recording, and control.
1065.205 Performance specifications for measurement instruments.

Measurement of Engine Parameters and Ambient Conditions

1065.210 Work input and output sensors.
1065.215 Pressure transducers, temperature sensors, and dewpoint
sensors.

Flow-Related Measurements

1065.220 Fuel flow meter.
1065.225 Intake-air flow meter.
1065.230 Raw exhaust flow meter.
1065.240 Dilution air and diluted exhaust flow meters.
1065.245 Sample flow meter for batch sampling.
1065.248 Gas divider.

CO and CO2 Measurements

1065.250 Nondispersive infrared analyzer.

Hydrocarbon Measurements

1065.260 Flame ionization detector.
1065.265 Nonmethane cutter.
1065.267 Gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector.

NOX and N2O Measurements

1065.270 Chemiluminescent detector.
1065.272 Nondispersive ultraviolet analyzer.
1065.275 N2O measurement devices.

O2 Measurements

1065.280 Paramagnetic and magnetopneumatic O2 detection
analyzers.

Air-to-Fuel Ratio Measurements

1065.284 Zirconia (ZrO2) analyzer.

PM Measurements

1065.290 PM gravimetric balance.
1065.295 PM inertial balance for field-testing analysis.

Subpart D_Calibrations and Verifications

1065.301 Overview and general provisions.
1065.303 Summary of required calibration and verifications.
1065.305 Verifications for accuracy, repeatability, and noise.
1065.307 Linearity verification.
1065.308 Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording
verification--for gas analyzers not continuously compensated
for other gas species.
1065.309 Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording
verification--for gas analyzers continuously compensated for
other gas species.

Measurement of Engine Parameters and Ambient Conditions

1065.310 Torque calibration.
1065.315 Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint calibration.

Flow-Related Measurements

1065.320 Fuel-flow calibration.
1065.325 Intake-flow calibration.
1065.330 Exhaust-flow calibration.
1065.340 Diluted exhaust flow (CVS) calibration.
1065.341 CVS and batch sampler verification (propane check).
1065.342 Sample dryer verification.
1065.345 Vacuum-side leak verification.

CO and CO2 Measurements

1065.350 H2O interference verification for CO2
NDIR analyzers.

[[Page 663]]

1065.355 H2O and CO2 interference verification for
CO NDIR analyzers.

Hydrocarbon Measurements

1065.360 FID optimization and verification.
1065.362 Non-stoichiometric raw exhaust FID O2 interference
verification.
1065.365 Nonmethane cutter penetration fractions.

NOX and N2O Measurements

1065.370 CLD CO2 and H2O quench verification.
1065.372 NDUV analyzer HC and H2O interference verification.
1065.375 Interference verification for N2O analyzers.
1065.376 Chiller NO2 penetration.
1065.378 NO2-to-NO converter conversion verification.

PM Measurements

1065.390 PM balance verifications and weighing process verification.
1065.395 Inertial PM balance verifications.

Subpart E_Engine Selection, Preparation, and Maintenance

1065.401 Test engine selection.
1065.405 Test engine preparation and maintenance.
1065.410 Maintenance limits for stabilized test engines.
1065.415 Durability demonstration.

Subpart F_Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles

1065.501 Overview.
1065.510 Engine mapping.
1065.512 Duty cycle generation.
1065.514 Cycle-validation criteria for operation over specified duty
cycles.
1065.520 Pre-test verification procedures and pre-test data collection.
1065.525 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown.
1065.526 Repeating void modes or test intervals.
1065.530 Emission test sequence.
1065.545 Validation of proportional flow control for batch sampling.
1065.546 Validation of minimum dilution ratio for PM batch sampling.
1065.550 Gas analyzer range validation and drift validation.
1065.590 PM sampling media (e.g., filters) preconditioning and tare
weighing.
1065.595 PM sample post-conditioning and total weighing.

Subpart G_Calculations and Data Requirements

1065.601 Overview.
1065.602 Statistics.
1065.610 Duty cycle generation.
1065.630 1980 international gravity formula.
1065.640 Flow meter calibration calculations.
1065.642 SSV, CFV, and PDP molar flow rate calculations.
1065.644 Vacuum-decay leak rate.
1065.645 Amount of water in an ideal gas.
1065.650 Emission calculations.
1065.655 Chemical balances of fuel, intake air, and exhaust.
1065.659 Removed water correction.
1065.660 THC, NMHC, and CH4 determination.
1065.665 THCE and NMHCE determination.
1065.667 Dilution air background emission correction.
1065.670 NOX intake-air humidity and temperature corrections.
1065.672 Drift correction.
1065.675 CLD quench verification calculations.
1065.690 Buoyancy correction for PM sample media.
1065.695 Data requirements.

Subpart H_Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other
Calibration Standards

1065.701 General requirements for test fuels.
1065.703 Distillate diesel fuel.
1065.705 Residual and intermediate residual fuel.
1065.710 Gasoline.
1065.715 Natural gas.
1065.720 Liquefied petroleum gas.
1065.740 Lubricants.
1065.745 Coolants.
1065.750 Analytical Gases.
1065.790 Mass standards.

Subpart I_Testing with Oxygenated Fuels

1065.801 Applicability.
1065.805 Sampling system.
1065.845 Response factor determination.
1065.850 Calculations.

Subpart J_Field Testing and Portable Emission Measurement Systems

1065.901 Applicability.
1065.905 General provisions.
1065.910 PEMS auxiliary equipment for field testing.
1065.915 PEMS instruments.
1065.920 PEMS calibrations and verifications.
1065.925 PEMS preparation for field testing.
1065.930 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown.
1065.935 Emission test sequence for field testing.
1065.940 Emission calculations.

[[Page 664]]

Subpart K_Definitions and Other Reference Information

1065.1001 Definitions.
1065.1005 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure.
1065.1010 Reference materials.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Applicability and General Provisions

Sec. 1065.1 Applicability.

(a) This part describes the procedures that apply to testing we
require for the following engines or for vehicles using the following
engines:
(1) Locomotives we regulate under 40 CFR part 1033. For earlier
model years, manufacturers may use the test procedures in this part or
those specified in 40 CFR part 92 according to Sec. 1065.10.
(2) Model year 2010 and later heavy-duty highway engines we regulate
under 40 CFR part 86. For earlier model years, manufacturers may use the
test procedures in this part or those specified in 40 CFR part 86,
subpart N, according to Sec. 1065.10.
(3) Nonroad diesel engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 1039 and
stationary compression-ignition engines that are certified to the
standards in 40 CFR part 1039, as specified in 40 CFR part 60, subpart
IIII. For earlier model years, manufacturers may use the test procedures
in this part or those specified in 40 CFR part 89 according to Sec.
1065.10.
(4) Marine diesel engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 1042 and
stationary compression-ignition engines that are certified to the
standards in 40 CFR part 1042, as specified in 40 CFR part 60, subpart
IIII. For earlier model years, manufacturers may use the test procedures
in this part or those specified in 40 CFR part 94 according to Sec.
1065.10.
(5) Marine spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR part
1045. For earlier model years, manufacturers may use the test procedures
in this part or those specified in 40 CFR part 91 according to Sec.
1065.10.
(6) Large nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1048, and stationary engines that are certified to the standards in
40 CFR part 1048 or as otherwise specified in 40 CFR part 60, subpart
JJJJ.
(7) Vehicles we regulate under 40 CFR part 1051 (such as snowmobiles
and off-highway motorcycles) based on engine testing. See 40 CFR part
1051, subpart F, for standards and procedures that are based on vehicle
testing.
(8) Small nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1054 and stationary engines that are certified to the standards in
40 CFR part 1054 as specified in 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ. For
earlier model years, manufacturers may use the test procedures in this
part or those specified in 40 CFR part 90 according to Sec. 1065.10.
(b) The procedures of this part may apply to other types of engines,
as described in this part and in the standard-setting part.
(c) The term ``you'' means anyone performing testing under this part
other than EPA.
(1) This part is addressed primarily to manufacturers of engines,
vehicles, equipment, and vessels, but it applies equally to anyone who
does testing under this part for such manufacturers.
(2) This part applies to any manufacturer or supplier of test
equipment, instruments, supplies, or any other goods or services related
to the procedures, requirements, recommendations, or options in this
part.
(d) Paragraph (a) of this section identifies the parts of the CFR
that define emission standards and other requirements for particular
types of engines. In this part, we refer to each of these other parts
generically as the ''standard-setting part.'' For example, 40 CFR part
1051 is always the standard-setting part for snowmobiles. Note that
while 40 CFR part 86 is the standard-setting part for heavy-duty highway
engines, this refers specifically to 40 CFR part 86, subpart A, and to
certain portions of 40 CFR part 86, subpart N, as described in 40 CFR
86.1301.
(e) Unless we specify otherwise, the terms ``procedures'' and ``test
procedures'' in this part include all aspects of engine testing,
including the equipment specifications, calibrations, calculations, and
other protocols and procedural specifications needed to measure
emissions.

[[Page 665]]

(f) For vehicles, equipment, or vessels subject to this part and
regulated under vehicle-based, equipment-based, or vessel-based
standards, use good engineering judgment to interpret the term
``engine'' in this part to include vehicles, equipment, or vessels,
where appropriate.
(g) For additional information regarding these test procedures,
visit our Web site at http://www.epa.gov, and in particular http://
www.epa.gov/nvfel/testing/regulations.htm.
(h) 40 CFR part 1066 describes how to measure emissions from
vehicles that are subject to standards in g/mile or g/kilometer. Those
vehicle testing provisions extensively reference portions of this part
1065. See 40 CFR part 1066 and the standard-setting part for additional
information.

[73 FR 37288, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59321, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23028, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 37977, June 28, 2011; 76 FR 57437, Sept.
15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.2 Submitting information to EPA under this part.

(a) You are responsible for statements and information in your
applications for certification, requests for approved procedures,
selective enforcement audits, laboratory audits, production-line test
reports, field test reports, or any other statements you make to us
related to this part 1065. If you provide statements or information to
someone for submission to EPA, you are responsible for these statements
and information as if you had submitted them to EPA yourself.
(b) In the standard-setting part and in 40 CFR 1068.101, we describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. See also 18 U.S.C. 1001
and 42 U.S.C. 7413(c)(2). This obligation applies whether you submit
this information directly to EPA or through someone else.
(c) We may void any certificates or approvals associated with a
submission of information if we find that you intentionally submitted
false, incomplete, or misleading information. For example, if we find
that you intentionally submitted incomplete information to mislead EPA
when requesting approval to use alternate test procedures, we may void
the certificates for all engines families certified based on emission
data collected using the alternate procedures. This would also apply if
you ignore data from incomplete tests or from repeat tests with higher
emission results.
(d) We may require an authorized representative of your company to
approve and sign the submission, and to certify that all of the
information submitted is accurate and complete. This includes everyone
who submits information, including manufacturers and others.
(e) See 40 CFR 1068.10 for provisions related to confidential
information. Note however that under 40 CFR 2.301, emission data is
generally not eligible for confidential treatment.
(f) Nothing in this part should be interpreted to limit our ability
under Clean Air Act section 208 (42 U.S.C. 7542) to verify that engines
conform to the regulations.

[73 FR 37289, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23028, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.5 Overview of this part 1065 and its relationship to the standard-

setting part.

(a) This part specifies procedures that apply generally to testing
various categories of engines. See the standard-setting part for
directions in applying specific provisions in this part for a particular
type of engine. Before using this part's procedures, read the standard-
setting part to answer at least the following questions:
(1) What duty cycles must I use for laboratory testing?
(2) Should I warm up the test engine before measuring emissions, or
do I need to measure cold-start emissions during a warm-up segment of
the duty cycle?
(3) Which exhaust constituents do I need to measure? Measure all
exhaust constituents that are subject to emission standards, any other
exhaust constituents needed for calculating emission rates, and any
additional exhaust constituents as specified in the standard-setting
part. Alternatively, you may omit the measurement of N2O and
CH4 for an engine, provided it is not subject to an
N2O or CH4 emission

[[Page 666]]

standard. If you omit the measurement of N2O and
CH4, you must provide other information and/or data that will
give us a reasonable basis for estimating the engine's emission rates.
(4) Do any unique specifications apply for test fuels?
(5) What maintenance steps may I take before or between tests on an
emission-data engine?
(6) Do any unique requirements apply to stabilizing emission levels
on a new engine?
(7) Do any unique requirements apply to test limits, such as ambient
temperatures or pressures?
(8) Is field testing required or allowed, and are there different
emission standards or procedures that apply to field testing?
(9) Are there any emission standards specified at particular engine-
operating conditions or ambient conditions?
(10) Do any unique requirements apply for durability testing?
(b) The testing specifications in the standard-setting part may
differ from the specifications in this part. In cases where it is not
possible to comply with both the standard-setting part and this part,
you must comply with the specifications in the standard-setting part.
The standard-setting part may also allow you to deviate from the
procedures of this part for other reasons.
(c) The following table shows how this part divides testing
specifications into subparts:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.5--Description of Part 1065 Subparts
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Describes these specifications or
This subpart procedures
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart A.................... Applicability and general provisions.
Subpart B.................... Equipment for testing.
Subpart C.................... Measurement instruments for testing.
Subpart D.................... Calibration and performance verifications
for measurement systems.
Subpart E.................... How to prepare engines for testing,
including service accumulation.
Subpart F.................... How to run an emission test over a
predetermined duty cycle.
Subpart G.................... Test procedure calculations.
Subpart H.................... Fuels, engine fluids, analytical gases,
and other calibration standards.
Subpart I.................... Special procedures related to oxygenated
fuels.
Subpart J.................... How to test with portable emission
measurement systems (PEMS).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[73 FR 37289, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56511, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1065.10 Other procedures.

(a) Your testing. The procedures in this part apply for all testing
you do to show compliance with emission standards, with certain
exceptions listed in this section. In some other sections in this part,
we allow you to use other procedures (such as less precise or less
accurate procedures) if they do not affect your ability to show that
your engines comply with the applicable emission standards. This
generally requires emission levels to be far enough below the applicable
emission standards so that any errors caused by greater imprecision or
inaccuracy do not affect your ability to state unconditionally that the
engines meet all applicable emission standards.
(b) Our testing. These procedures generally apply for testing that
we do to determine if your engines comply with applicable emission
standards. We may perform other testing as allowed by the Act.
(c) Exceptions. We may allow or require you to use procedures other
than those specified in this part in the following cases, which may
apply to laboratory testing, field testing, or both. We intend to
publicly announce when we allow or require such exceptions. All of the
test procedures noted here as exceptions to the specified procedures are
considered generically as ``other procedures.'' Note that the terms
``special procedures'' and ``alternate procedures'' have specific
meanings; ``special procedures'' are those allowed by Sec.
1065.10(c)(2) and ``alternate procedures'' are those allowed by Sec.
1065.10(c)(7).
(1) The objective of the procedures in this part is to produce
emission measurements equivalent to those that would result from
measuring emissions during in-use operation using the same

[[Page 667]]

engine configuration as installed in a vehicle, equipment, or vessel.
However, in unusual circumstances where these procedures may result in
measurements that do not represent in-use operation, you must notify us
if good engineering judgment indicates that the specified procedures
cause unrepresentative emission measurements for your engines. Note that
you need not notify us of unrepresentative aspects of the test procedure
if measured emissions are equivalent to in-use emissions. This provision
does not obligate you to pursue new information regarding the different
ways your engine might operate in use, nor does it obligate you to
collect any other in-use information to verify whether or not these test
procedures are representative of your engine's in-use operation. If you
notify us of unrepresentative procedures under this paragraph (c)(1), we
will cooperate with you to establish whether and how the procedures
should be appropriately changed to result in more representative
measurements. While the provisions of this paragraph (c)(1) allow us to
be responsive to issues as they arise, we would generally work toward
making these testing changes generally applicable through rulemaking. We
will allow reasonable lead time for compliance with any resulting change
in procedures. We will consider the following factors in determining the
importance of pursuing changes to the procedures:
(i) Whether supplemental emission standards or other requirements in
the standard-setting part address the type of operation of concern or
otherwise prevent inappropriate design strategies.
(ii) Whether the unrepresentative aspect of the procedures affect
your ability to show compliance with the applicable emission standards.
(iii) The extent to which the established procedures require the use
of emission-control technologies or strategies that are expected to
ensure a comparable degree of emission control under the in-use
operation that differs from the specified procedures.
(2) You may request to use special procedures if your engine cannot
be tested using the specified procedures. For example, this may apply if
your engine cannot operate on the specified duty cycle. In this case,
tell us in writing why you cannot satisfactorily test your engine using
this part's procedures and ask to use a different approach. We will
approve your request if we determine that it would produce emission
measurements that represent in-use operation and we determine that it
can be used to show compliance with the requirements of the standard-
setting part. Where we approve special procedures that differ
substantially from the specified procedures, we may preclude you from
participating in averaging, banking, and trading with the affected
engine families.
(3) In a given model year, you may use procedures required for later
model year engines without request. If you upgrade your testing facility
in stages, you may rely on a combination of procedures for current and
later model year engines as long as you can ensure, using good
engineering judgment, that the combination you use for testing does not
affect your ability to show compliance with the applicable emission
standards.
(4) In a given model year, you may ask to use procedures allowed for
earlier model year engines. We will approve this only if you show us
that using the procedures allowed for earlier model years does not
affect your ability to show compliance with the applicable emission
standards.
(5) You may ask to use emission data collected using other
procedures, such as those of the California Air Resources Board or the
International Organization for Standardization. We will approve this
only if you show us that using these other procedures does not affect
your ability to show compliance with the applicable emission standards.
(6) During the 12 months following the effective date of any change
in the provisions of this part 1065, you may use data collected using
procedures specified in the previously applicable version of this part
1065. This paragraph (c)(6) does not restrict the use of carryover
certification data otherwise allowed by the standard-setting part.
(7) You may request to use alternate procedures that are equivalent
to the allowed procedures, or procedures that are more accurate or more
precise than

[[Page 668]]

the allowed procedures. The following provisions apply to requests for
alternate procedures:
(i) Applications. Follow the instructions in Sec. 1065.12.
(ii) Submission. Submit requests in writing to the Designated
Compliance Officer.
(iii) Notification. We may approve your request by telling you
directly, or we may issue guidance announcing our approval of a specific
alternate procedure, which would make additional requests for approval
unnecessary.
(d) If we require you to request approval to use other procedures
under paragraph (c) of this section, you may not use them until we
approve your request.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37290, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 23028, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.12 Approval of alternate procedures.

(a) To get approval for an alternate procedure under Sec.
1065.10(c), send the Designated Compliance Officer an initial written
request describing the alternate procedure and why you believe it is
equivalent to the specified procedure. Anyone may request alternate
procedure approval. This means that an individual engine manufacturer
may request to use an alternate procedure. This also means that an
instrument manufacturer may request to have an instrument, equipment, or
procedure approved as an alternate procedure to those specified in this
part. We may approve your request based on this information alone, or,
as described in this section, we may ask you to submit to us in writing
supplemental information showing that your alternate procedure is
consistently and reliably at least as accurate and repeatable as the
specified procedure.
(b) We may make our approval under this section conditional upon
meeting other requirements or specifications. We may limit our approval,
for example, to certain time frames, specific duty cycles, or specific
emission standards. Based upon any supplemental information we receive
after our initial approval, we may amend a previously approved alternate
procedure to extend, limit, or discontinue its use. We intend to
publicly announce alternate procedures that we approve.
(c) Although we will make every effort to approve only alternate
procedures that completely meet our requirements, we may revoke our
approval of an alternate procedure if new information shows that it is
significantly not equivalent to the specified procedure.
If we do this, we will grant time to switch to testing using an
allowed procedure, considering the following factors:
(1) The cost, difficulty, and availability to switch to a procedure
that we allow.
(2) The degree to which the alternate procedure affects your ability
to show that your engines comply with all applicable emission standards.
(3) Any relevant factors considered in our initial approval.
(d) If we do not approve your proposed alternate procedure based on
the information in your initial request, we may ask you to send the
following information to fully evaluate your request:
(1) Theoretical basis. Give a brief technical description explaining
why you believe the proposed alternate procedure should result in
emission measurements equivalent to those using the specified procedure.
You may include equations, figures, and references. You should consider
the full range of parameters that may affect equivalence. For example,
for a request to use a different NOX measurement procedure,
you should theoretically relate the alternate detection principle to the
specified detection principle over the expected concentration ranges for
NO, NO2, and interference gases. For a request to use a different PM
measurement procedure, you should explain the principles by which the
alternate procedure quantifies particulate mass similarly to the
specified procedures.
(2) Technical description. Describe briefly any hardware or software
needed to perform the alternate procedure. You may include dimensioned
drawings, flowcharts, schematics, and component specifications. Explain
any necessary calculations or other data manipulation.

[[Page 669]]

(3) Procedure execution. Describe briefly how to perform the
alternate procedure and recommend a level of training an operator should
have to achieve acceptable results.
Summarize the installation, calibration, operation, and maintenance
procedures in a step-by-step format. Describe how any calibration is
performed using NIST-traceable standards or other similar standards we
approve. Calibration must be specified by using known quantities and
must not be specified as a comparison with other allowed procedures.
(4) Data-collection techniques. Compare measured emission results
using the proposed alternate procedure and the specified procedure, as
follows:
(i) Both procedures must be calibrated independently to NIST-
traceable standards or to other similar standards we approve.
(ii) Include measured emission results from all applicable duty
cycles. Measured emission results should show that the test engine meets
all applicable emission standards according to specified procedures.
(iii) Use statistical methods to evaluate the emission measurements,
such as those described in paragraph (e) of this section.
(e) We may give you specific directions regarding methods for
statistical analysis, or we may approve other methods that you propose.
Absent any other directions from us, use a t-test and an F-test
calculated according to Sec. 1065.602 to evaluate whether your proposed
alternate procedure is equivalent to the specified procedure. We
recommend that you consult a statistician if you are unfamiliar with
these statistical tests. Perform the tests as follows:
(1) Repeat measurements for all applicable duty cycles at least
seven times for each procedure. You may use laboratory duty cycles to
evaluate field-testing procedures.
Be sure to include all available results to evaluate the precision
and accuracy of the proposed alternate procedure, as described in Sec.
1065.2.
(2) Demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed alternate procedure by
showing that it passes a two-sided t-test. Use an unpaired t-test,
unless you show that a paired t-test is appropriate under both of the
following provisions:
(i) For paired data, the population of the paired differences from
which you sampled paired differences must be independent. That is, the
probability of any given value of one paired difference is unchanged by
knowledge of the value of another paired difference. For example, your
paired data would violate this requirement if your series of paired
differences showed a distinct increase or decrease that was dependent on
the time at which they were sampled.
(ii) For paired data, the population of paired differences from
which you sampled the paired differences must have a normal (i.e.,
Gaussian) distribution. If the population of paired difference is not
normally distributed, consult a statistician for a more appropriate
statistical test, which may include transforming the data with a
mathematical function or using some kind of non-parametric test.
(3) Show that t is less than the critical t value, tcrit, tabulated
in Sec. 1065.602, for the following confidence intervals:
(i) 90% for a proposed alternate procedure for laboratory testing.
(ii) 95% for a proposed alternate procedure for field testing.
(4) Demonstrate the precision of the proposed alternate procedure by
showing that it passes an F-test. Use a set of at least seven samples
from the reference procedure and a set of at least seven samples from
the alternate procedure to perform an F-test. The sets must meet the
following requirements:
(i) Within each set, the values must be independent. That is, the
probability of any given value in a set must be unchanged by knowledge
of another value in that set. For example, your data would violate this
requirement if a set showed a distinct increase or decrease that was
dependent upon the time at which they were sampled.
(ii) For each set, the population of values from which you sampled
must have a normal (i.e., Gaussian) distribution. If the population of
values is not normally distributed, consult a statistician for a more
appropriate statistical test, which may include transforming the data
with a mathematical

[[Page 670]]

function or using some kind of non-parametric test.
(iii) The two sets must be independent of each other. That is, the
probability of any given value in one set must be unchanged by knowledge
of another value in the other set. For example, your data would violate
this requirement if one value in a set showed a distinct increase or
decrease that was dependent upon a value in the other set. Note that a
trend of emission changes from an engine would not violate this
requirement.
(iv) If you collect paired data for the paired t-test in paragraph
(e)(2) in this section, use caution when selecting sets from paired data
for the F-test. If you do this, select sets that do not mask the
precision of the measurement procedure. We recommend selecting such sets
only from data collected using the same engine, measurement instruments,
and test cycle.
(5) Show that F is less than the critical F value, Fcrit, tabulated
in Sec. 1065.602. If you have several F-test results from several sets
of data, show that the mean F-test value is less than the mean critical
F value for all the sets. Evaluate Fcrit, based on the following
confidence intervals:
(i) 90% for a proposed alternate procedure for laboratory testing.
(ii) 95% for a proposed alternate procedure for field testing.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37290, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.15 Overview of procedures for laboratory and field testing.

This section outlines the procedures to test engines that are
subject to emission standards.
(a) In the standard-setting part, we set brake-specific emission
standards in g/(kW[middot]hr) (or g/(hp[middot]hr)), for the following
constituents:
(1) Total oxides of nitrogen, NOX.
(2) Hydrocarbons (HC), which may be expressed in the following ways:
(i) Total hydrocarbons, THC.
(ii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons, NMHC, which results from subtracting
methane (CH4) from THC.
(iii) Total hydrocarbon-equivalent, THCE, which results from
adjusting THC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
(iv) Nonmethane hydrocarbon-equivalent, NMHCE, which results from
adjusting NMHC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
(3) Particulate mass, PM.
(4) Carbon monoxide, CO.
(b) Note that some engines are not subject to standards for all the
emission constituents identified in paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) We generally set brake-specific emission standards over test
intervals and/or duty cycles, as follows:
(1) Engine operation. Testing may involve measuring emissions and
work in a laboratory-type environment or in the field, as described in
paragraph (f) of this section. For most laboratory testing, the engine
is operated over one or more duty cycles specified in the standard-
setting part. However, laboratory testing may also include non-duty
cycle testing (such as simulation of field testing in a laboratory). For
field testing, the engine is operated under normal in-use operation. The
standard-setting part specifies how test intervals are defined for field
testing. Refer to the definitions of ``duty cycle'' and ``test
interval'' in Sec. 1065.1001. Note that a single duty cycle may have
multiple test intervals and require weighting of results from multiple
test intervals to calculate a composite brake-specific emissions value
to compare to the standard.
(2) Constituent determination. Determine the total mass of each
constituent over a test interval by selecting from the following
methods:
(i) Continuous sampling. In continuous sampling, measure the
constituent's concentration continuously from raw or dilute exhaust.
Multiply this concentration by the continuous (raw or dilute) flow rate
at the emission sampling location to determine the constituent's flow
rate. Sum the constituent's flow rate continuously over the test
interval. This sum is the total mass of the emitted constituent.
(ii) Batch sampling. In batch sampling, continuously extract and
store a sample of raw or dilute exhaust for later measurement. Extract a
sample proportional to the raw or dilute exhaust flow rate. You may
extract and store a proportional sample of exhaust in an appropriate
container, such as a

[[Page 671]]

bag, and then measure HC, CO, and NOX concentrations in the
container after the test interval. You may deposit PM from
proportionally extracted exhaust onto an appropriate substrate, such as
a filter. In this case, divide the PM by the amount of filtered exhaust
to calculate the PM concentration. Multiply batch sampled concentrations
by the total (raw or dilute) flow from which it was extracted during the
test interval. This product is the total mass of the emitted
constituent.
(iii) Combined sampling. You may use continuous and batch sampling
simultaneously during a test interval, as follows:
(A) You may use continuous sampling for some constituents and batch
sampling for others.
(B) You may use continuous and batch sampling for a single
constituent, with one being a redundant measurement. See Sec. 1065.201
for more information on redundant measurements.
(3) Work determination. Determine work over a test interval by one
of the following methods:
(i) Speed and torque. Synchronously multiply speed and brake torque
to calculate instantaneous values for engine brake power. Sum engine
brake power over a test interval to determine total work.
(ii) Fuel consumed and brake-specific fuel consumption. Directly
measure fuel consumed or calculate it with chemical balances of the
fuel, intake air, and exhaust. To calculate fuel consumed by a chemical
balance, you must also measure either intake-air flow rate or exhaust
flow rate. Divide the fuel consumed during a test interval by the brake-
specific fuel consumption to determine work over the test interval. For
laboratory testing, calculate the brake-specific fuel consumption using
fuel consumed and speed and torque over a test interval. For field
testing, refer to the standard-setting part and Sec. 1065.915 for
selecting an appropriate value for brake-specific fuel consumption.
(d) Refer to Sec. 1065.650 for calculations to determine brake-
specific emissions.
(e) The following figure illustrates the allowed measurement
configurations described in this part 1065:

[[Page 672]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.019

(f) This part 1065 describes how to test engines in a laboratory-
type environment or in the field.
(1) This affects test intervals and duty cycles as follows:

[[Page 673]]

(i) For laboratory testing, you generally determine brake-specific
emissions for duty-cycle testing by using an engine dynamometer in a
laboratory or other environment. This typically consists of one or more
test intervals, each defined by a duty cycle, which is a sequence of
modes, speeds, and/or torques (or powers) that an engine must follow. If
the standard-setting part allows it, you may also simulate field testing
with an engine dynamometer in a laboratory or other environment.
(ii) Field testing consists of normal in-use engine operation while
an engine is installed in a vehicle, equipment, or vessel rather than
following a specific engine duty cycle. The standard-setting part
specifies how test intervals are defined for field testing.
(2) The type of testing may also affect what test equipment may be
used. You may use ``lab-grade'' test equipment for any testing. The term
``lab-grade'' refers to equipment that fully conforms to the applicable
specifications of this part. For some testing you may alternatively use
``field-grade'' equipment. The term ``field-grade'' refers to equipment
that fully conforms to the applicable specifications of subpart J of
this part, but does not fully conform to other specifications of this
part. You may use ``field-grade'' equipment for field testing. We also
specify in this part and in the standard-setting parts certain cases in
which you may use ``field-grade'' equipment for testing in a laboratory-
type environment. (Note: Although ``field-grade'' equipment is generally
more portable than ``lab-grade'' test equipment, portability is not
relevant to whether equipment is considered to be ``field-grade'' or
``lab-grade''.)

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37290, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 23028, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57437, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.20 Units of measure and overview of calculations.

(a) System of units. The procedures in this part generally follow
the International System of Units (SI), as detailed in NIST Special
Publication 811, which we incorporate by reference in Sec. 1065.1010.
The following exceptions apply:
(1) We designate angular speed, fn, of an engine's
crankshaft in revolutions per minute (r/min), rather than the SI unit of
radians per second (rad/s). This is based on the commonplace use of r/
min in many engine dynamometer laboratories.
(2) We designate brake-specific emissions in grams per kilowatt-hour
(g/(kW[middot]hr)), rather than the SI unit of grams per megajoule (g/
MJ). In addition, we use the symbol hr to identify hour, rather than the
SI convention of using h. This is based on the fact that engines are
generally subject to emission standards expressed in g/kW[middot]hr. If
we specify engine standards in grams per horsepower[middot]hour (g/
(hp[middot]hr)) in the standard-setting part, convert units as specified
in paragraph (d) of this section.
(3) We designate temperatures in units of degrees Celsius ([deg]C)
unless a calculation requires an absolute temperature. In that case, we
designate temperatures in units of Kelvin (K). For conversion purposes
throughout this part, 0 [deg]C equals 273.15 K.
(b) Concentrations. This part does not rely on amounts expressed in
parts per million or similar units. Rather, we express such amounts in
the following SI units:
(1) For ideal gases, [micro]mol/mol, formerly ppm (volume).
(2) For all substances, cm\3\/m\3\, formerly ppm (volume).
(3) For all substances, mg/kg, formerly ppm (mass).
(c) Absolute pressure. Measure absolute pressure directly or
calculate it as the sum of atmospheric pressure plus a differential
pressure that is referenced to atmospheric pressure.
(d) Units conversion. Use the following conventions to convert
units:
(1) Testing. You may record values and perform calculations with
other units. For testing with equipment that involves other units, use
the conversion factors from NIST Special Publication 811, as described
in paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) Humidity. In this part, we identify humidity levels by
specifying dewpoint, which is the temperature at which pure water begins
to condense out of air. Use humidity conversions as described in Sec.
1065.645.

[[Page 674]]

(3) Emission standards. If your standard is in g/(hp[middot]hr)
units, convert kW to hp before any rounding by using the conversion
factor of 1 hp (550 ft[middot]lbf/s) = 0.7456999 kW. Round the final
value for comparison to the applicable standard.
(e) Rounding. You are required to round certain final values, such
as final emission values. You may round intermediate values when
transferring data as long as you maintain at least six significant
digits (which requires more than six decimal places for values less than
0.1), or all significant digits if fewer than six digits are available.
Unless the standard-setting part specifies otherwise, do not round other
intermediate values. Round values to the number of significant digits
necessary to match the number of decimal places of the applicable
standard or specification as described in this paragraph (e). Note that
specifications expressed as percentages have infinite precision (as
described in paragraph (e)(7) of this section). Use the following
rounding convention, which is consistent with ASTM E29 and NIST SP 811:
(1) If the first (left-most) digit to be removed is less than five,
remove all the appropriate digits without changing the digits that
remain. For example, 3.141593 rounded to the second decimal place is
3.14.
(2) If the first digit to be removed is greater than five, remove
all the appropriate digits and increase the lowest-value remaining digit
by one. For example, 3.141593 rounded to the fourth decimal place is
3.1416.
(3) If the first digit to be removed is five with at least one
additional non-zero digit following the five, remove all the appropriate
digits and increase the lowest-value remaining digit by one. For
example, 3.141593 rounded to the third decimal place is 3.142.
(4) If the first digit to be removed is five with no additional non-
zero digits following the five, remove all the appropriate digits,
increase the lowest-value remaining digit by one if it is odd and leave
it unchanged if it is even. For example, 1.75 and 1.750 rounded to the
first decimal place are 1.8; while 1.85 and 1.850 rounded to the first
decimal place are also 1.8. Note that this rounding procedure will
always result in an even number for the lowest-value digit.
(5) This paragraph (e)(5) applies if the regulation specifies
rounding to an increment other than decimal places or powers of ten (to
the nearest 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, etc.). To round numbers for these
special cases, divide the quantity by the specified rounding increment.
Round the result to the nearest whole number as described in paragraphs
(e)(1) through (4) of this section. Multiply the rounded number by the
specified rounding increment. This value is the desired result. For
example, to round 0.90 to the nearest 0.2, divide 0.90 by 0.2 to get a
result of 4.5, which rounds to 4. Multiplying 4 by 0.2 gives 0.8, which
is the result of rounding 0.90 to the nearest 0.2.
(6) The following tables further illustrate the rounding procedures
specified in this paragraph (e):

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rounding increment
Quantity ---------------------------------------------------------------
10 1 0.1 0.01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.141593........................................ 0 3 3.1 3.14
123,456.789..................................... 123,460 123,457 123,456.8 123,456.79
5.500........................................... 10 6 5.5 5.50
4.500........................................... 0 4 4.5 4.50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rounding increment
Quantity ---------------------------------------------------------------
25 3 0.5 0.02
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
229.267......................................... 225 228 229.5 229.26
62.500.......................................... 50 63 62.5 62.50
87.500.......................................... 100 87 87.5 87.50

[[Page 675]]

7.500........................................... 0 6 7.5 7.50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(7) This paragraph (e)(7) applies where we specify a limit or
tolerance as some percentage of another value (such as 2% of a maximum concentration). You may show compliance
with such specifications either by applying the percentage to the total
value to calculate an absolute limit, or by converting the absolute
value to a percentage by dividing it by the total value.
(i) Do not round either value (the absolute limit or the calculated
percentage), except as specified in paragraph (e)(7)(ii) of this
section. For example, assume we specify that an analyzer must have a
repeatability of 1% of the maximum concentration
or better, the maximum concentration is 1059 ppm, and you determine
repeatability to be 6.3 ppm. In this example, you
could calculate an absolute limit of 10.59 ppm
(1059 ppm x 0.01) or calculate that the 6.3 ppm repeatability is
equivalent to a repeatability of 0.5949008498584%.
(ii) Prior to July 1, 2013, you may treat tolerances (and equivalent
specifications) specified in percentages as having fixed rather than
infinite precision. For example, 2% would be equivalent to 1.51% to
2.50% and 2.0% would be equivalent to 1.951% to 2.050%. Note that this
allowance applies whether or not the percentage is explicitly specified
as a percentage of another value.
(8) You may use measurement devices that incorporate internal
rounding, consistent with the provisions of this paragraph (e)(8). You
may use devices that use any rounding convention if they report six or
more significant digits. You may use devices that report fewer than six
digits, consistent with good engineering judgment and the accuracy,
repeatability, and noise specifications of this part. Note that this
provision does not necessarily require you to perform engineering
analysis or keep records.
(f) Interpretation of ranges. Interpret a range as a tolerance
unless we explicitly identify it as an accuracy, repeatability,
linearity, or noise specification. See Sec. 1065.1001 for the
definition of tolerance. In this part, we specify two types of ranges:
(1) Whenever we specify a range by a single value and corresponding
limit values above and below that value, target any associated control
point to that single value. Examples of this type of range include
``10% of maximum pressure'', or ``(30 10) kPa''.
(2) Whenever we specify a range by the interval between two values,
you may target any associated control point to any value within that
range. An example of this type of range is ``(40 to 50) kPa''.
(g) Scaling of specifications with respect to an applicable
standard. Because this part 1065 is applicable to a wide range of
engines and emission standards, some of the specifications in this part
are scaled with respect to an engine's applicable standard or maximum
power. This ensures that the specification will be adequate to determine
compliance, but not overly burdensome by requiring unnecessarily high-
precision equipment. Many of these specifications are given with respect
to a ``flow-weighted mean'' that is expected at the standard or during
testing. Flow-weighted mean is the mean of a quantity after it is
weighted proportional to a corresponding flow rate. For example, if a
gas concentration is measured continuously from the raw exhaust of an
engine, its flow-weighted mean concentration is the sum of the products
of each recorded concentration times its respective exhaust flow rate,
divided by the sum of the recorded flow rates. As another example, the
bag concentration from a CVS system is the same as the flow-weighted
mean concentration, because the CVS system itself flow-weights the bag
concentration. Refer to Sec. 1065.602 for information needed to
estimate and calculate flow-weighted means. Wherever a specification is
scaled to a value based upon an applicable standard, interpret the
standard to be the family

[[Page 676]]

emission limit if the engine is certified under an emission credit
program in the standard-setting part.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37292, June 30, 2008;
76 FR 57438, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.25 Recordkeeping.

The procedures in this part include various requirements to record
data or other information. Refer to the standard-setting part regarding
recordkeeping requirements. If the standard-setting part does not
specify recordkeeping requirements, store these records in any format
and on any media and keep them readily available for one year after you
send an associated application for certification, or one year after you
generate the data if they do not support an application for
certification. You must promptly send us organized, written records in
English if we ask for them. We may review them at any time.

Subpart B_Equipment Specifications

Sec. 1065.101 Overview.

(a) This subpart specifies equipment, other than measurement
instruments, related to emission testing. The provisions of this subpart
apply for all engine dynamometer testing where engine speeds and loads
are controlled to follow a prescribed duty cycle. See subpart J of this
part to determine which of the provisions of this subpart apply for
field testing. This equipment includes three broad categories-
dynamometers, engine fluid systems (such as fuel and intake-air
systems), and emission-sampling hardware.
(b) Other related subparts in this part identify measurement
instruments (subpart C), describe how to evaluate the performance of
these instruments (subpart D), and specify engine fluids and analytical
gases (subpart H).
(c) Subpart J of this part describes additional equipment that is
specific to field testing.
(d) Figures 1 and 2 of this section illustrate some of the possible
configurations of laboratory equipment. These figures are schematics
only; we do not require exact conformance to them. Figure 1 of this
section illustrates the equipment specified in this subpart and gives
some references to sections in this subpart. Figure 2 of this section
illustrates some of the possible configurations of a full-flow dilution,
constant-volume sampling (CVS) system. Not all possible CVS
configurations are shown.
(e) Dynamometer testing involves engine operation over speeds and
loads that are controlled to a prescribed duty cycle. Field testing
involves measuring emissions over normal in-use operation of a vehicle
or piece of equipment. Field testing does not involve operating an
engine over a prescribed duty cycle.

[[Page 677]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.012

[[Page 678]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.013

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37292, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.110 Work inputs and outputs, accessory work, and operator demand.

(a) Work. Use good engineering judgment to simulate all engine work
inputs and outputs as they typically would operate in use. Account for
work inputs and outputs during an emission test by measuring them; or,
if they are small, you may show by engineering analysis that
disregarding them does not affect your ability to determine the net work
output by more than 0.5% of the net expected work
output over the test interval. Use equipment to simulate the specific
types of work, as follows:
(1) Shaft work. Use an engine dynamometer that is able to meet the
cycle-validation criteria in Sec. 1065.514 over each applicable duty
cycle.
(i) You may use eddy-current and water-brake dynamometers for any
testing that does not involve engine motoring, which is identified by
negative torque commands in a reference duty cycle. See the standard
setting part for reference duty cycles that are applicable to your
engine.
(ii) You may use alternating-current or direct-current motoring
dynamometers for any type of testing.
(iii) You may use one or more dynamometers.
(iv) You may use any device that is already installed on a vehicle,
equipment, or vessel to absorb work from the engine's output shaft(s).
Examples of these types of devices include a vessel's propeller and a
locomotive's generator.
(2) Electrical work. Use one or more of the following to simulate
electrical work:

[[Page 679]]

(i) Use storage batteries or capacitors that are of the type and
capacity installed in use.
(ii) Use motors, generators, and alternators that are of the type
and capacity installed in use.
(iii) Use a resistor load bank to simulate electrical loads.
(3) Pump, compressor, and turbine work. Use pumps, compressors, and
turbines that are of the type and capacity installed in use. Use working
fluids that are of the same type and thermodynamic state as normal in-
use operation.
(b) Laboratory work inputs. You may supply any laboratory inputs of
work to the engine. For example, you may supply electrical work to the
engine to operate a fuel system, and as another example you may supply
compressor work to the engine to actuate pneumatic valves. We may ask
you to show by engineering analysis your accounting of laboratory work
inputs to meet the criterion in paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) Engine accessories. You must either install or account for the
work of engine accessories required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the
engine, circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment
devices. Operate the engine with these accessories installed or
accounted for during all testing operations, including mapping. If these
accessories are not powered by the engine during a test, account for the
work required to perform these functions from the total work used in
brake-specific emission calculations. For air-cooled engines only,
subtract externally powered fan work from total work. We may ask you to
show by engineering analysis your accounting of engine accessories to
meet the criterion in paragraph (a) of this section.
(d) Engine starter. You may install a production-type starter.
(e) Operator demand for shaft work. Operator demand is defined in
Sec. 1065.1001. Command the operator demand and the dynamometer(s) to
follow a prescribed duty cycle with set points for engine speed and
torque as specified in Sec. 1065.512. Refer to the standard-setting
part to determine the specifications for your duty cycle(s). Use a
mechanical or electronic input to control operator demand such that the
engine is able to meet the validation criteria in Sec. 1065.514 over
each applicable duty cycle. Record feedback values for engine speed and
torque as specified in Sec. 1065.512. Using good engineering judgment,
you may improve control of operator demand by altering on-engine speed
and torque controls. However, if these changes result in
unrepresentative testing, you must notify us and recommend other test
procedures under Sec. 1065.10(c)(1).
(f) Other engine inputs. If your electronic control module requires
specific input signals that are not available during dynamometer
testing, such as vehicle speed or transmission signals, you may simulate
the signals using good engineering judgment. Keep records that describe
what signals you simulate and explain why these signals are necessary
for representative testing.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37292, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.120 Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure.

(a) Use fuels as specified in the standard-setting part, or as
specified in subpart H of this part if fuels are not specified in the
standard-setting part.
(b) If the engine manufacturer specifies fuel temperature and
pressure tolerances and the location where they are to be measured, then
measure the fuel temperature and pressure at the specified location to
show that you are within these tolerances throughout testing.
(c) If the engine manufacturer does not specify fuel temperature and
pressure tolerances, use good engineering judgment to set and control
fuel temperature and pressure in a way that represents typical in-use
fuel temperatures and pressures.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37293, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.122 Engine cooling and lubrication.

(a) Engine cooling. Cool the engine during testing so its intake-
air, oil, coolant, block, and head temperatures are within their
expected ranges for normal operation. You may use auxiliary coolers and
fans.

[[Page 680]]

(1) For air-cooled engines only, if you use auxiliary fans you must
account for work input to the fan(s) according to Sec. 1065.110.
(2) See Sec. 1065.125 for more information related to intake-air
cooling.
(3) See Sec. 1065.127 for more information related to exhaust gas
recirculation cooling.
(4) Measure temperatures at the manufacturer-specified locations. If
the manufacturer does not specify temperature measurement locations,
then use good engineering judgment to monitor intake-air, oil, coolant,
block, and head temperatures to ensure that they are in their expected
ranges for normal operation.
(b) Forced cooldown. You may install a forced cooldown system for an
engine and an exhaust aftertreatment device according to Sec.
1065.530(a)(1).
(c) Lubricating oil. Use lubricating oils specified in Sec.
1065.740. For two-stroke engines that involve a specified mixture of
fuel and lubricating oil, mix the lubricating oil with the fuel
according to the manufacturer's specifications.
(d) Coolant. For liquid-cooled engines, use coolant as specified in
Sec. 1065.745.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37293, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.125 Engine intake air.

(a) Use the intake-air system installed on the engine or one that
represents a typical in-use configuration. This includes the charge-air
cooling and exhaust gas recirculation systems.
(b) Measure temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure near the
entrance of the furthest upstream engine or in-use intake system
component. This would generally be near the engine's air filter, or near
the inlet to the in-use air intake system for engines that have no air
filter. For engines with multiple intakes, make measurements near the
entrance of each intake.
(1) Pressure. You may use a single shared atmospheric pressure meter
as long as your laboratory equipment for handling intake air maintains
ambient pressure at all intakes within 1 kPa of
the shared atmospheric pressure. For engines with multiple intakes with
separate atmospheric pressure measurements at each intake, use an
average value for verifying compliance to Sec. 1065.520(b)(2).
(2) Humidity. You may use a single shared humidity measurement for
intake air as long as your equipment for handling intake air maintains
dewpoint at all intakes to within 0.5 [deg]C of
the shared humidity measurement. For engines with multiple intakes with
separate humidity measurements at each intake, use a flow-weighted
average humidity for NOX corrections. If individual flows of
each intake are not measured, use good engineering judgment to estimate
a flow-weighted average humidity.
(3) Temperature. Good engineering judgment may require that you
shield the temperature sensors or move them upstream of an elbow in the
laboratory intake system to prevent measurement errors due to radiant
heating from hot engine surfaces or in-use intake system components. You
must limit the distance between the temperature sensor and the entrance
to the furthest upstream engine or in-use intake system component to no
more than 12 times the outer hydraulic diameter of the entrance to the
furthest upstream engine or in-use intake system component. However, you
may exceed this limit if you use good engineering judgment to show that
the temperature at the furthest upstream engine or in-use intake system
component meets the specification in paragraph (c) of this section. For
engines with multiple intakes, use a flow-weighted average value to
verify compliance with the specification in paragraph (c) of this
section. If individual flows of each intake are not measured, you may
use good engineering judgment to estimate a flow-weighted average
temperature. You may also verify that each individual intake complies
with the specification in paragraph (c) of this section.
(c) Maintain the temperature of intake air to (25 5) [deg]C, except as follows:
(1) Follow the standard-setting part if it specifies different
temperatures.
(2) For engines above 560 kW, you may use 35 [deg]C as the upper
bound of the tolerance. However, your system must be capable of
controlling the temperature to the 25 [deg]C setpoint for any

[[Page 681]]

steady-state operation at 30% of maximum engine power.
(3) You may ask us to allow you to apply a different setpoint for
intake air temperature if it is necessary to remain consistent with the
provisions of Sec. 1065.10(c)(1) for testing during which ambient
temperature will be outside this range.
(d) Use an intake-air restriction that represents production
engines. Make sure the intake-air restriction is between the
manufacturer's specified maximum for a clean filter and the
manufacturer's specified maximum allowed. Measure the static
differential pressure of the restriction at the location and at the
speed and torque set points specified by the manufacturer. If the
manufacturer does not specify a location, measure this pressure upstream
of any turbocharger or exhaust gas recirculation system connection to
the intake air system. If the manufacturer does not specify speed and
torque points, measure this pressure while the engine outputs maximum
power. As the manufacturer, you are liable for emission compliance for
all values up to the maximum restriction you specify for a particular
engine.
(e) This paragraph (e) includes provisions for simulating charge-air
cooling in the laboratory. This approach is described in paragraph
(e)(1) of this section. Limits on using this approach are described in
paragraphs (e)(2) and (3) of this section.
(1) Use a charge-air cooling system with a total intake-air capacity
that represents production engines' in-use installation. Design any
laboratory charge-air cooling system to minimize accumulation of
condensate. Drain any accumulated condensate. Before starting a duty
cycle (or preconditioning for a duty cycle), completely close all drains
that would normally be closed during in-use operation. Keep those drains
closed during the emission test. Maintain coolant conditions as follows:
(i) Maintain a coolant temperature of at least 20 [deg]C at the
inlet to the charge-air cooler throughout testing. We recommend
maintaining a coolant temperature of 25 5 [deg]C
at the inlet of the charge-air cooler.
(ii) At the engine conditions specified by the manufacturer, set the
coolant flow rate to achieve an air temperature within 5 [deg]C of the value specified by the manufacturer
after the charge-air cooler's outlet. Measure the air-outlet temperature
at the location specified by the manufacturer. Use this coolant flow
rate set point throughout testing. If the engine manufacturer does not
specify engine conditions or the corresponding charge-air cooler air
outlet temperature, set the coolant flow rate at maximum engine power to
achieve a charge-air cooler air outlet temperature that represents in-
use operation.
(iii) If the engine manufacturer specifies pressure-drop limits
across the charge-air cooling system, ensure that the pressure drop
across the charge-air cooling system at engine conditions specified by
the manufacturer is within the manufacturer's specified limit(s).
Measure the pressure drop at the manufacturer's specified locations.
(2) Using a constant flow rate as described in paragraph (e)(1) of
this section may result in unrepresentative overcooling of the intake
air. The provisions of this paragraph (e)(2) apply instead of the
provisions of Sec. 1065.10(c)(1) for this simulation. Our allowance to
cool intake air as specified in this paragraph (e) does not affect your
liability for field testing or for laboratory testing that is done in a
way that better represents in-use operation. Where we determine that
this allowance adversely affects your ability to demonstrate that your
engines would comply with emission standards under in-use conditions, we
may require you to use more sophisticated setpoints and controls of
charge-air pressure drop, coolant temperature, and flow rate to achieve
more representative results.
(3) This approach does not apply for field testing. You may not
correct measured emission levels from field testing to account for any
differences caused by the simulated cooling in the laboratory.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37293, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59321, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 23029, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57440,
Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.127 Exhaust gas recirculation.

Use the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system installed with the
engine

[[Page 682]]

or one that represents a typical in-use configuration. This includes any
applicable EGR cooling devices.

Sec. 1065.130 Engine exhaust.

(a) General. Use the exhaust system installed with the engine or one
that represents a typical in-use configuration. This includes any
applicable aftertreatment devices.
(b) Aftertreatment configuration. If you do not use the exhaust
system installed with the engine, configure any aftertreatment devices
as follows:
(1) Position any aftertreatment device so its distance from the
nearest exhaust manifold flange or turbocharger outlet is within the
range specified by the engine manufacturer in the application for
certification. If this distance is not specified, position
aftertreatment devices to represent typical in-use vehicle
configurations.
(2) You may use exhaust tubing that is not from the in-use exhaust
system upstream of any aftertreatment device that is of diameter(s)
typical of in-use configurations. If you use exhaust tubing that is not
from the in-use exhaust system upstream of any aftertreatment device,
position each aftertreatment device according to paragraph (b)(1) of
this section.
(c) Sampling system connections. Connect an engine's exhaust system
to any raw sampling location or dilution stage, as follows:
(1) Minimize laboratory exhaust tubing lengths and use a total
length of laboratory tubing of no more than 10 m or 50 outside
diameters, whichever is greater. The start of laboratory exhaust tubing
should be specified as the exit of the exhaust manifold, turbocharger
outlet, last aftertreatment device, or the in-use exhaust system,
whichever is furthest downstream. The end of laboratory exhaust tubing
should be specified as the sample point, or first point of dilution. If
laboratory exhaust tubing consists of several different outside tubing
diameters, count the number of diameters of length of each individual
diameter, then sum all the diameters to determine the total length of
exhaust tubing in diameters. Use the mean outside diameter of any
converging or diverging sections of tubing. Use outside hydraulic
diameters of any noncircular sections. For multiple stack configurations
where all the exhaust stacks are combined, the start of the laboratory
exhaust tubing may be taken at the last joint of where all the stacks
are combined.
(2) You may install short sections of flexible laboratory exhaust
tubing at any location in the engine or laboratory exhaust systems. You
may use up to a combined total of 2 m or 10 outside diameters of
flexible exhaust tubing.
(3) Insulate any laboratory exhaust tubing downstream of the first
25 outside diameters of length.
(4) Use laboratory exhaust tubing materials that are smooth-walled,
electrically conductive, and not reactive with exhaust constituents.
Stainless steel is an acceptable material.
(5) We recommend that you use laboratory exhaust tubing that has
either a wall thickness of less than 2 mm or is air gap-insulated to
minimize temperature differences between the wall and the exhaust.
(6) We recommend that you connect multiple exhaust stacks from a
single engine into one stack upstream of any emission sampling. To
ensure mixing of the multiple exhaust streams before emission sampling,
you may configure the exhaust system with turbulence generators, such as
orifice plates or fins, to achieve good mixing. We recommend a minimum
Reynolds number, Re#, of 4000 for the combined exhaust stream, where Re#
is based on the inside diameter of the single stack. Re# is defined in
Sec. 1065.640.
(d) In-line instruments. You may insert instruments into the
laboratory exhaust tubing, such as an in-line smoke meter. If you do
this, you may leave a length of up to 5 outside diameters of laboratory
exhaust tubing uninsulated on each side of each instrument, but you must
leave a length of no more than 25 outside diameters of laboratory
exhaust tubing uninsulated in total, including any lengths adjacent to
in-line instruments.
(e) Leaks. Minimize leaks sufficiently to ensure your ability to
demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards. We recommend
performing a chemical balance of fuel, intake air, and exhaust according
to Sec. 1065.655 to verify exhaust system integrity.

[[Page 683]]

(f) Grounding. Electrically ground the entire exhaust system.
(g) Forced cooldown. You may install a forced cooldown system for an
exhaust aftertreatment device according to Sec. 1065.530(a)(1)(i).
(h) Exhaust restriction. As the manufacturer, you are liable for
emission compliance for all values up to the maximum restriction(s) you
specify for a particular engine. Measure and set exhaust restriction(s)
at the location(s) and at the engine speed and torque values specified
by the manufacturer. Also, for variable-restriction aftertreatment
devices, measure and set exhaust restriction(s) at the aftertreatment
condition (degreening/aging and regeneration/loading level) specified by
the manufacturer. If the manufacturer does not specify a location,
measure this pressure downstream of any turbocharger. If the
manufacturer does not specify speed and torque points, measure pressure
while the engine produces maximum power. Use an exhaust-restriction
setpoint that represents a typical in-use value, if available. If a
typical in-use value for exhaust restriction is not available, set the
exhaust restriction at (80 to 100)% of the maximum exhaust restriction
specified by the manufacturer, or if the maximum is 5 kPa or less, the
set point must be no less than 1.0 kPa from the maximum. For example, if
the maximum back pressure is 4.5 kPa, do not use an exhaust restriction
set point that is less than 3.5 kPa.
(i) Open crankcase emissions. If the standard-setting part requires
measuring open crankcase emissions, you may either measure open
crankcase emissions separately using a method that we approve in
advance, or route open crankcase emissions directly into the exhaust
system for emission measurement. If the engine is not already configured
to route open crankcase emissions for emission measurement, route open
crankcase emissions as follows:
(1) Use laboratory tubing materials that are smooth-walled,
electrically conductive, and not reactive with crankcase emissions.
Stainless steel is an acceptable material. Minimize tube lengths. We
also recommend using heated or thin-walled or air gap-insulated tubing
to minimize temperature differences between the wall and the crankcase
emission constituents.
(2) Minimize the number of bends in the laboratory crankcase tubing
and maximize the radius of any unavoidable bend.
(3) Use laboratory crankcase exhaust tubing that meets the engine
manufacturer's specifications for crankcase back pressure.
(4) Connect the crankcase exhaust tubing into the raw exhaust
downstream of any aftertreatment system, downstream of any installed
exhaust restriction, and sufficiently upstream of any sample probes to
ensure complete mixing with the engine's exhaust before sampling. Extend
the crankcase exhaust tube into the free stream of exhaust to avoid
boundary-layer effects and to promote mixing. You may orient the
crankcase exhaust tube's outlet in any direction relative to the raw
exhaust flow.

[73 FR 37293, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.140 Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.

(a) General. You may dilute exhaust with ambient air, synthetic air,
or nitrogen. For gaseous emission measurement the diluent must be at
least 15 [deg]C. Note that the composition of the diluent affects some
gaseous emission measurement instruments' response to emissions. We
recommend diluting exhaust at a location as close as possible to the
location where ambient air dilution would occur in use.
(b) Dilution-air conditions and background concentrations. Before a
diluent is mixed with exhaust, you may precondition it by increasing or
decreasing its temperature or humidity. You may also remove constituents
to reduce their background concentrations. The following provisions
apply to removing constituents or accounting for background
concentrations:
(1) You may measure constituent concentrations in the diluent and
compensate for background effects on test results. See Sec. 1065.650
for calculations that compensate for background concentrations.
(2) Either measure these background concentrations the same way you

[[Page 684]]

measure diluted exhaust constituents, or measure them in a way that does
not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable
standards. For example, you may use the following simplifications for
background sampling:
(i) You may disregard any proportional sampling requirements.
(ii) You may use unheated gaseous sampling systems.
(iii) You may use unheated PM sampling systems.
(iv) You may use continuous sampling if you use batch sampling for
diluted emissions.
(v) You may use batch sampling if you use continuous sampling for
diluted emissions.
(3) For removing background PM, we recommend that you filter all
dilution air, including primary full-flow dilution air, with high-
efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters that have an initial minimum
collection efficiency specification of 99.97% (see Sec. 1065.1001 for
procedures related to HEPA-filtration efficiencies). Ensure that HEPA
filters are installed properly so that background PM does not leak past
the HEPA filters. If you choose to correct for background PM without
using HEPA filtration, demonstrate that the background PM in the
dilution air contributes less than 50% to the net PM collected on the
sample filter. You may correct net PM without restriction if you use
HEPA filtration.
(c) Full-flow dilution; constant-volume sampling (CVS). You may
dilute the full flow of raw exhaust in a dilution tunnel that maintains
a nominally constant volume flow rate, molar flow rate or mass flow rate
of diluted exhaust, as follows:
(1) Construction. Use a tunnel with inside surfaces of 300 series
stainless steel. Electrically ground the entire dilution tunnel. We
recommend a thin-walled and insulated dilution tunnel to minimize
temperature differences between the wall and the exhaust gases.
(2) Pressure control. Maintain static pressure at the location where
raw exhaust is introduced into the tunnel within 1.2 kPa of atmospheric pressure. You may use a booster
blower to control this pressure. If you test an engine using more
careful pressure control and you show by engineering analysis or by test
data that you require this level of control to demonstrate compliance at
the applicable standards, we will maintain the same level of static
pressure control when we test that engine.
(3) Mixing. Introduce raw exhaust into the tunnel by directing it
downstream along the centerline of the tunnel. You may introduce a
fraction of dilution air radially from the tunnel's inner surface to
minimize exhaust interaction with the tunnel walls. You may configure
the system with turbulence generators such as orifice plates or fins to
achieve good mixing. We recommend a minimum Reynolds number, Re#, of
4000 for the diluted exhaust stream, where Re is based on the
inside diameter of the dilution tunnel. Re# is defined in Sec.
1065.640.
(4) Flow measurement preconditioning. You may condition the diluted
exhaust before measuring its flow rate, as long as this conditioning
takes place downstream of any heated HC or PM sample probes, as follows:
(i) You may use flow straighteners, pulsation dampeners, or both of
these.
(ii) You may use a filter.
(iii) You may use a heat exchanger to control the temperature
upstream of any flow meter, but you must take steps to prevent aqueous
condensation as described in paragraph (c)(6) of this section.
(5) Flow measurement. Section 1065.240 describes measurement
instruments for diluted exhaust flow.
(6) Aqueous condensation. This paragraph (c)(6) describes how you
must address aqueous condensation in the CVS. As described below, you
may meet these requirements by preventing or limiting aqueous
condensation in the CVS from the exhaust inlet to the last emission
sample probe. See that paragraph for provisions related to the CVS
between the last emission sample probe and the CVS flow meter. You may
heat and/or insulate the dilution tunnel walls, as well as the bulk
stream tubing downstream of the tunnel to prevent or limit aqueous
condensation. Where we allow aqueous condensation to occur, use good
engineering judgment to ensure that the condensation

[[Page 685]]

does not affect your ability to demonstrate that your engines comply
with the applicable standards (see Sec. 1065.10(a)).
(i) Preventing aqueous condensation. To prevent condensation, you
must keep the temperature of internal surfaces, excluding any sample
probes, above the dew point of the dilute exhaust passing through the
CVS tunnel. Use good engineering judgment to monitor temperatures in the
CVS. For the purposes of this paragraph (c)(6), assume that aqueous
condensation is pure water condensate only, even though the definition
of ``aqueous condensation'' in Sec. 1065.1001 includes condensation of
any constituents that contain water. No specific verification check is
required under this paragraph (c)(6)(i), but we may ask you to show how
you comply with this requirement. You may use engineering analysis, CVS
tunnel design, alarm systems, measurements of wall temperatures, and
calculation of water dew point to demonstrate compliance with this
requirement. For optional CVS heat exchangers, you may use the lowest
water temperature at the inlet(s) and outlet(s) to determine the minimum
internal surface temperature.
(ii) Limiting aqueous condensation. This paragraph (c)(6)(ii)
specifies limits of allowable condensation and requires you to verify
that the amount of condensation that occurs during each test interval
does not exceed the specified limits.
(A) Use chemical balance equations in Sec. 1065.655 to calculate
the mole fraction of water in the dilute exhaust continuously during
testing. Alternatively, you may continuously measure the mole fraction
of water in the dilute exhaust prior to any condensation during testing.
Use good engineering judgment to select, calibrate and verify water
analyzers/detectors. The linearity verification requirements of Sec.
1065.307 do not apply to water analyzers/detectors used to correct for
the water content in exhaust samples.
(B) Use good engineering judgment to select and monitor locations on
the CVS tunnel walls prior to the last emission sample probe. If you are
also verifying limited condensation from the last emission sample probe
to the CVS flow meter, use good engineering judgment to select and
monitor locations on the CVS tunnel walls, optional CVS heat exchanger,
and CVS flow meter. For optional CVS heat exchangers, you may use the
lowest water temperature at the inlet(s) and outlet(s) to determine the
minimum internal surface temperature. Identify the minimum surface
temperature on a continuous basis.
(C) Identify the maximum potential mole fraction of dilute exhaust
lost on a continuous basis during the entire test interval. This value
must be less than or equal to 0.02. Calculate on a continuous basis the
mole fraction of water that would be in equilibrium with liquid water at
the measured minimum surface temperature. Subtract this mole fraction
from the mole fraction of water that would be in the exhaust without
condensation (either measured or from the chemical balance), and set any
negative values to zero. This difference is the potential mole fraction
of the dilute exhaust that would be lost due to water condensation on a
continuous basis.
(D) Integrate the product of the molar flow rate of the dilute
exhaust and the potential mole fraction of dilute exhaust lost, and
divide by the totalized dilute exhaust molar flow over the test
interval. This is the potential mole fraction of the dilute exhaust that
would be lost due to water condensation over the entire test interval.
Note that this assumes no re-evaporation. This value must be less than
or equal to 0.005.
(7) Flow compensation. Maintain nominally constant molar, volumetric
or mass flow of diluted exhaust. You may maintain nominally constant
flow by either maintaining the temperature and pressure at the flow
meter or by directly controlling the flow of diluted exhaust. You may
also directly control the flow of proportional samplers to maintain
proportional sampling. For an individual test, validate proportional
sampling as described in Sec. 1065.545.
(d) Partial-flow dilution (PFD). You may dilute a partial flow of
raw or previously diluted exhaust before measuring emissions. Section
1065.240 describes PFD-related flow measurement

[[Page 686]]

instruments. PFD may consist of constant or varying dilution ratios as
described in paragraphs (d)(2) and (3) of this section. An example of a
constant dilution ratio PFD is a ``secondary dilution PM'' measurement
system.
(1) Applicability. (i) You may use PFD to extract a proportional raw
exhaust sample for any batch or continuous PM emission sampling over any
transient duty cycle, any steady-state duty cycle, or any ramped-modal
cycle.
(ii) You may use PFD to extract a proportional raw exhaust sample
for any batch or continuous gaseous emission sampling over any transient
duty cycle, any steady-state duty cycle, or any ramped-modal cycle.
(iii) You may use PFD to extract a proportional raw exhaust sample
for any batch or continuous field-testing.
(iv) You may use PFD to extract a proportional diluted exhaust
sample from a CVS for any batch or continuous emission sampling.
(v) You may use PFD to extract a constant raw or diluted exhaust
sample for any continuous emission sampling.
(vi) You may use PFD to extract a constant raw or diluted exhaust
sample for any steady-state emission sampling.
(2) Constant dilution-ratio PFD. Do one of the following for
constant dilution-ratio PFD:
(i) Dilute an already proportional flow. For example, you may do
this as a way of performing secondary dilution from a CVS tunnel to
achieve overall dilution ratio for PM sampling.
(ii) Continuously measure constituent concentrations. For example,
you might dilute to precondition a sample of raw exhaust to control its
temperature, humidity, or constituent concentrations upstream of
continuous analyzers. In this case, you must take into account the
dilution ratio before multiplying the continuous concentration by the
sampled exhaust flow rate.
(iii) Extract a proportional sample from a separate constant
dilution ratio PFD system. For example, you might use a variable-flow
pump to proportionally fill a gaseous storage medium such as a bag from
a PFD system. In this case, the proportional sampling must meet the same
specifications as varying dilution ratio PFD in paragraph (d)(3) of this
section.
(iv) For each mode of a discrete-mode test (such as a locomotive
notch setting or a specific setting for speed and torque), use a
constant dilution ratio for any PM sampling. You must change the overall
PM sampling system dilution ratio between modes so that the dilution
ratio on the mode with the highest exhaust flow rate meets Sec.
1065.140(e)(2) and the dilution ratios on all other modes is higher than
this (minimum) dilution ratio by the ratio of the maximum exhaust flow
rate to the exhaust flow rate of the corresponding other mode. This is
the same dilution ratio requirement for RMC or field transient testing.
You must account for this change in dilution ratio in your emission
calculations.
(3) Varying dilution-ratio PFD. All the following provisions apply
for varying dilution-ratio PFD:
(i) Use a control system with sensors and actuators that can
maintain proportional sampling over intervals as short as 200 ms (i.e.,
5 Hz control).
(ii) For control input, you may use any sensor output from one or
more measurements; for example, intake-air flow, fuel flow, exhaust
flow, engine speed, and intake manifold temperature and pressure.
(iii) Account for any emission transit time in the PFD system, as
necessary.
(iv) You may use preprogrammed data if they have been determined for
the specific test site, duty cycle, and test engine from which you
dilute emissions.
(v) We recommend that you run practice cycles to meet the validation
criteria in Sec. 1065.545. Note that you must validate every emission
test by meeting the validation criteria with the data from that specific
test. Data from previously validated practice cycles or other tests may
not be used to validate a different emission test.
(vi) You may not use a PFD system that requires preparatory tuning
or calibration with a CVS or with the emission results from a CVS.
Rather, you must be able to independently calibrate the PFD.
(e) Dilution air temperature, dilution ratio, residence time, and
temperature

[[Page 687]]

control of PM samples. Dilute PM samples at least once upstream of
transfer lines. You may dilute PM samples upstream of a transfer line
using full-flow dilution, or partial-flow dilution immediately
downstream of a PM probe. In the case of partial-flow dilution, you may
have up to 26 cm of insulated length between the end of the probe and
the dilution stage, but we recommend that the length be as short as
practical. The intent of these specifications is to minimize heat
transfer to or from the emission sample before the final stage of
dilution, other than the heat you may need to add to prevent aqueous
condensation. This is accomplished by initially cooling the sample
through dilution. Configure dilution systems as follows:
(1) Set the diluent (i.e., dilution air) temperature to (25 5) [deg]C. Use good engineering judgment to select a
location to measure this temperature. We recommend that you measure this
temperature as close as practical upstream of the point where diluent
mixes with raw exhaust.
(2) For any PM dilution system (i.e., CVS or PFD), dilute raw
exhaust with diluent such that the minimum overall ratio of diluted
exhaust to raw exhaust is within the range of (5:1-7:1) and is at least
2:1 for any primary dilution stage. Base this minimum value on the
maximum engine exhaust flow rate for a given test interval. Either
measure the maximum exhaust flow during a practice run of the test
interval or estimate it based on good engineering judgment (for example,
you might rely on manufacturer-published literature).
(3) Configure any PM dilution system to have an overall residence
time of (1 to 5) s, as measured from the location of initial diluent
introduction to the location where PM is collected on the sample media.
Also configure the system to have a residence time of at least 0.5 s, as
measured from the location of final diluent introduction to the location
where PM is collected on the sample media. When determining residence
times within sampling system volumes, use an assumed flow temperature of
25 [deg]C and pressure of 101.325 kPa.
(4) Control sample temperature to a (47 5)
[deg]C tolerance, as measured anywhere within 20 cm upstream or
downstream of the PM storage media (such as a filter). Measure this
temperature with a bare-wire junction thermocouple with wires that are
(0.500 0.025) mm diameter, or with another
suitable instrument that has equivalent performance.

[73 FR 37294, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23029, Apr. 30, 2010;
75 FR 68462, Nov. 8, 2010; 76 FR 57440, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.145 Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling system

components.

(a) Continuous and batch sampling. Determine the total mass of each
constituent with continuous or batch sampling, as described in Sec.
1065.15(c)(2). Both types of sampling systems have probes, transfer
lines, and other sampling system components that are described in this
section.
(b) Options for engines with multiple exhaust stacks. Measure
emissions from a test engine as described in this paragraph (b) if it
has multiple exhaust stacks. You may choose to use different measurement
procedures for different pollutants under this paragraph (b) for a given
test. For purposes of this part 1065, the test engine includes all the
devices related to converting the chemical energy in the fuel to the
engine's mechanical output energy. This may or may not involve vehicle-
or equipment-based devices. For example, all of an engine's cylinders
are considered to be part of the test engine even if the exhaust is
divided into separate exhaust stacks. As another example, all the
cylinders of a diesel-electric locomotive are considered to be part of
the test engine even if they transmit power through separate output
shafts, such as might occur with multiple engine-generator sets working
in tandem. Use one of the following procedures to measure emissions with
multiple exhaust stacks:
(1) Route the exhaust flow from the multiple stacks into a single
flow as described in Sec. 1065.130(c)(6). Sample and measure emissions
after the exhaust streams are mixed. Calculate the emissions as a single
sample from the entire engine. We recommend this as the preferred
option, since it requires only a single measurement and calculation of

[[Page 688]]

the exhaust molar flow for the entire engine.
(2) Sample and measure emissions from each stack and calculate
emissions separately for each stack. Add the mass (or mass rate)
emissions from each stack to calculate the emissions from the entire
engine. Testing under this paragraph (b)(2) requires measuring or
calculating the exhaust molar flow for each stack separately. If the
exhaust molar flow in each stack cannot be calculated from combustion
air flow(s), fuel flow(s), and measured gaseous emissions, and it is
impractical to measure the exhaust molar flows directly, you may
alternatively proportion the engine's calculated total exhaust molar
flow rate (where the flow is calculated using combustion air mass
flow(s), fuel mass flow(s), and emissions concentrations) based on
exhaust molar flow measurements in each stack using a less accurate,
non-traceable method. For example, you may use a total pressure probe
and static pressure measurement in each stack.
(3) Sample and measure emissions from one stack and repeat the duty
cycle as needed to collect emissions from each stack separately.
Calculate the emissions from each stack and add the separate
measurements to calculate the mass (or mass rate) emissions from the
entire engine. Testing under this paragraph (b)(3) requires measuring or
calculating the exhaust molar flow for each stack separately. You may
alternatively proportion the engine's calculated total exhaust molar
flow rate based on calculation and measurement limitations as described
in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Use the average of the engine's
total power or work values from the multiple test runs to calculate
brake-specific emissions. Divide the total mass (or mass rate) of each
emission by the average power (or work). You may alternatively use the
engine power or work associated with the corresponding stack during each
test run if these values can be determined for each stack separately.
(4) Sample and measure emissions from each stack separately and
calculate emissions for the entire engine based on the stack with the
highest concentration. Testing under this paragraph (b)(4) requires only
a single exhaust flow measurement or calculation for the entire engine.
You may determine which stack has the highest concentration by
performing multiple test runs, reviewing the results of earlier tests,
or using good engineering judgment. Note that the highest concentration
of different pollutants may occur in different stacks. Note also that
the stack with the highest concentration of a pollutant during a test
interval for field testing may be a different stack than the one you
identified based on average concentrations over a duty cycle.
(5) Sample emissions from each stack separately and combine the wet
sample streams from each stack proportionally to the exhaust molar flows
in each stack. Measure the emission concentrations and calculate the
emissions for the entire engine based on these weighted concentrations.
Testing under this paragraph (b)(5) requires measuring or calculating
the exhaust molar flow for each stack separately during the test run to
proportion the sample streams from each stack. If it is impractical to
measure the exhaust molar flows directly, you may alternatively
proportion the wet sample streams based on less accurate, non-traceable
flow methods. For example, you may use a total pressure probe and static
pressure measurement in each stack. The following restrictions apply for
testing under this paragraph (b)(5):
(i) You must use an accurate, traceable measurement or calculation
of the engine's total exhaust molar flow rate for calculating the mass
of emissions from the entire engine.
(ii) You may dry the single, combined, proportional sample stream;
you may not dry the sample streams from each stack separately.
(iii) You must measure and proportion the sample flows from each
stack with active flow controls. For PM sampling, you must measure and
proportion the diluted sample flows from each stack with active flow
controls that use only smooth walls with no sudden change in cross-
sectional area. For example, you may control the dilute exhaust PM
sample flows using electrically conductive vinyl tubing

[[Page 689]]

and a control device that pinches the tube over a long enough transition
length so no flow separation occurs.
(iv) For PM sampling, the transfer lines from each stack must be
joined so the angle of the joining flows is 12.5[deg] or less. Note that
the exhaust manifold must meet the same specifications as the transfer
line according to paragraph (d) of this section.
(6) Sample emissions from each stack separately and combine the wet
sample streams from each stack equally. Measure the emission
concentrations and calculate the emissions for the entire engine based
on these measured concentrations. Testing under this paragraph (b)(6)
assumes that the raw-exhaust and sample flows are the same for each
stack. The following restrictions apply for testing under this paragraph
(b)(6):
(i) You must measure and demonstrate that the sample flow from each
stack is within 5% of the value from the stack with the highest sample
flow. You may alternatively ensure that the stacks have equal flow rates
without measuring sample flows by designing a passive sampling system
that meets the following requirements:
(A) The probes and transfer line branches must be symmetrical, have
equal lengths and diameters, have the same number of bends, and have no
filters.
(B) If probes are designed such that they are sensitive to stack
velocity, the stack velocity must be similar at each probe. For example,
a static pressure probe used for gaseous sampling is not sensitive to
stack velocity.
(C) The stack static pressure must be the same at each probe. You
can meet this requirement by placing probes at the end of stacks that
are vented to atmosphere.
(D) For PM sampling, the transfer lines from each stack must be
joined so the angle of the joining flows is 12.5[deg] or less. Note that
the exhaust manifold must meet the same specifications as the transfer
line according to paragraph (d) of this section.
(ii) You may use the procedure in this paragraph (b)(6) only if you
perform an analysis showing that the resulting error due to imbalanced
stack flows and concentrations is either at or below 2%. You may
alternatively show that the resulting error does not impact your ability
to demonstrate compliance with applicable standards. For example, you
may use less accurate, non-traceable measurements of emission
concentrations and molar flow in each stack and demonstrate that the
imbalances in flows and concentrations cause 2% or less error.
(iii) For a two-stack engine, you may use the procedure in this
paragraph (b)(6) only if you can show that the stack with the higher
flow has the lower average concentration for each pollutant over the
duty cycle.
(iv) You must use an accurate, traceable measurement or calculation
of the engine's total exhaust molar flow rate for calculating the mass
of emissions from the entire engine.
(v) You may dry the single, equally combined, sample stream; you may
not dry the sample streams from each stack separately.
(vi) You may determine your exhaust flow rates with a chemical
balance of exhaust gas concentrations and either intake air flow or fuel
flow.
(c) Gaseous and PM sample probes. A probe is the first fitting in a
sampling system. It protrudes into a raw or diluted exhaust stream to
extract a sample, such that its inside and outside surfaces are in
contact with the exhaust. A sample is transported out of a probe into a
transfer line, as described in paragraph (d) of this section. The
following provisions apply to sample probes:
(1) Probe design and construction. Use sample probes with inside
surfaces of 300 series stainless steel or, for raw exhaust sampling, use
any nonreactive material capable of withstanding raw exhaust
temperatures. Locate sample probes where constituents are mixed to their
mean sample concentration. Take into account the mixing of any crankcase
emissions that may be routed into the raw exhaust. Locate each probe to
minimize interference with the flow to other probes. We recommend that
all probes remain free from influences of boundary layers, wakes, and
eddies--especially near the outlet of a raw-exhaust tailpipe where
unintended dilution might occur. Make sure that purging or back-flushing
of a probe does not

[[Page 690]]

influence another probe during testing. You may use a single probe to
extract a sample of more than one constituent as long as the probe meets
all the specifications for each constituent.
(2) Gaseous sample probes. Use either single-port or multi-port
probes for sampling gaseous emissions. You may orient these probes in
any direction relative to the raw or diluted exhaust flow. For some
probes, you must control sample temperatures, as follows:
(i) For probes that extract NOX from diluted exhaust,
control the probe's wall temperature to prevent aqueous condensation.
(ii) For probes that extract hydrocarbons for THC or NMHC analysis
from the diluted exhaust of compression-ignition engines, 2-stroke
spark-ignition engines, or 4-stroke spark-ignition engines below 19 kW,
we recommend heating the probe to minimize hydrocarbon contamination
consistent with good engineering judgment. If you routinely fail the
contamination check in the 1065.520 pretest check, we recommend heating
the probe section to approximately 190 [deg]C to minimize contamination.
(3) PM sample probes. Use PM probes with a single opening at the
end. Orient PM probes to face directly upstream. If you shield a PM
probe's opening with a PM pre-classifier such as a hat, you may not use
the preclassifier we specify in paragraph (f)(1) of this section. We
recommend sizing the inside diameter of PM probes to approximate
isokinetic sampling at the expected mean flow rate.
(d) Transfer lines. You may use transfer lines to transport an
extracted sample from a probe to an analyzer, storage medium, or
dilution system, noting certain restrictions for PM sampling in Sec.
1065.140(e). Minimize the length of all transfer lines by locating
analyzers, storage media, and dilution systems as close to probes as
practical. We recommend that you minimize the number of bends in
transfer lines and that you maximize the radius of any unavoidable bend.
Avoid using 90[deg] elbows, tees, and cross-fittings in transfer lines.
Where such connections and fittings are necessary, take steps, using
good engineering judgment, to ensure that you meet the temperature
tolerances in this paragraph (d). This may involve measuring temperature
at various locations within transfer lines and fittings. You may use a
single transfer line to transport a sample of more than one constituent,
as long as the transfer line meets all the specifications for each
constituent. The following construction and temperature tolerances apply
to transfer lines:
(1) Gaseous samples. Use transfer lines with inside surfaces of 300
series stainless steel, PTFE, Viton^TM, or any other material
that you demonstrate has better properties for emission sampling. For
raw exhaust sampling, use a non-reactive material capable of
withstanding raw exhaust temperatures. You may use in-line filters if
they do not react with exhaust constituents and if the filter and its
housing meet the same temperature requirements as the transfer lines, as
follows:
(i) For NOX transfer lines upstream of either an
NO2-to-NO converter that meets the specifications of Sec.
1065.378 or a chiller that meets the specifications of Sec. 1065.376,
maintain a sample temperature that prevents aqueous condensation.
(ii) For THC transfer lines for testing compression-ignition
engines, 2-stroke spark-ignition engines, or 4-stroke spark-ignition
engines below 19 kW, maintain a wall temperature tolerance throughout
the entire line of (191 11) [deg]C. If you sample
from raw exhaust, you may connect an unheated, insulated transfer line
directly to a probe. Design the length and insulation of the transfer
line to cool the highest expected raw exhaust temperature to no lower
than 191 [deg]C, as measured at the transfer line's outlet. For dilute
sampling, you may use a transition zone between the probe and transfer
line of up to 92 cm to allow your wall temperature to transition to (191
11) [deg]C.
(2) PM samples. We recommend heated transfer lines or a heated
enclosure to minimize temperature differences between transfer lines and
exhaust constituents. Use transfer lines that are inert with respect to
PM and are electrically conductive on the inside surfaces. We recommend
using PM transfer lines made of 300 series stainless steel. Electrically
ground the inside surface of PM transfer lines.

[[Page 691]]

(e) Optional sample-conditioning components for gaseous sampling.
You may use the following sample-conditioning components to prepare
gaseous samples for analysis, as long as you do not install or use them
in a way that adversely affects your ability to show that your engines
comply with all applicable gaseous emission standards.
(1) NO2-to-NO converter. You may use an NO2-to-NO
converter that meets the converter conversion verification specified in
Sec. 1065.378 at any point upstream of a NOX analyzer,
sample bag, or other storage medium.
(2) Sample dryer. You may use either type of sample dryer described
in this paragraph (e)(2) to decrease the effects of water on gaseous
emission measurements. You may not use a chemical dryer, or use dryers
upstream of PM sample filters.
(i) Osmotic-membrane. You may use an osmotic-membrane dryer upstream
of any gaseous analyzer or storage medium, as long as it meets the
temperature specifications in paragraph (d)(1) of this section. Because
osmotic-membrane dryers may deteriorate after prolonged exposure to
certain exhaust constituents, consult with the membrane manufacturer
regarding your application before incorporating an osmotic-membrane
dryer. Monitor the dewpoint, Tdew, and absolute pressure,
ptotal, downstream of an osmotic-membrane dryer. You may use
continuously recorded values of Tdew and ptotal in
the amount of water calculations specified in Sec. 1065.645. For our
testing we may use average temperature and pressure values over the test
interval or a nominal pressure value that we estimate as the dryer's
average pressure expected during testing as constant values in the
amount of water calculations specified in Sec. 1065.645. For your
testing, you may use the maximum temperature or minimum pressure values
observed during a test interval or duty cycle or the high alarm
temperature setpoint or low alarm pressure setpoint as constant values
in the calculations specified in Sec. 1065.645. For your testing, you
may also use a nominal ptotal, which you may estimate as the
dryer's lowest absolute pressure expected during testing.
(ii) Thermal chiller. You may use a thermal chiller upstream of some
gas analyzers and storage media. You may not use a thermal chiller
upstream of a THC measurement system for compression-ignition engines,
2-stroke spark-ignition engines, or 4-stroke spark-ignition engines
below 19 kW. If you use a thermal chiller upstream of an NO2-
to-NO converter or in a sampling system without an NO2-to-NO
converter, the chiller must meet the NO2 loss-performance
check specified in Sec. 1065.376. Monitor the dewpoint,
Tdew, and absolute pressure, ptotal, downstream of
a thermal chiller. You may use continuously recorded values of
Tdew and ptotal in the amount of water
calculations specified in Sec. 1065.645. If it is valid to assume the
degree of saturation in the thermal chiller, you may calculate
Tdew based on the known chiller performance and continuous
monitoring of chiller temperature, Tchiller. If it is valid
to assume a constant temperature offset between Tchiller and
Tdew, due to a known and fixed amount of sample reheat
between the chiller outlet and the temperature measurement location, you
may factor in this assumed temperature offset value into emission
calculations. If we ask for it, you must show by engineering analysis or
by data the validity of any assumptions allowed by this paragraph
(e)(2)(ii). For our testing we may use average temperature and pressure
values over the test interval or a nominal pressure value that we
estimate as the dryer's average pressure expected during testing as
constant values in the calculations specified in Sec. 1065.645. For
your testing you may use the maximum temperature and minimum pressure
values observed during a test interval or duty cycle or the high alarm
temperature setpoint and the low alarm pressure setpoint as constant
values in the amount of water calculations specified in Sec. 1065.645.
For your testing you may also use a nominal ptotal, which you
may estimate as the dryer's lowest absolute pressure expected during
testing.
(3) Sample pumps. You may use sample pumps upstream of an analyzer
or storage medium for any gas. Use sample pumps with inside surfaces of
300 series stainless steel, PTFE, or any

[[Page 692]]

other material that you demonstrate has better properties for emission
sampling. For some sample pumps, you must control temperatures, as
follows:
(i) If you use a NOX sample pump upstream of either an
NO2-to-NO converter that meets Sec. 1065.378 or a chiller
that meets Sec. 1065.376, it must be heated to prevent aqueous
condensation.
(ii) For testing compression-ignition engines, 2-stroke spark-
ignition engines, or 4-stroke spark-ignition engines below 19 kW, if you
use a THC sample pump upstream of a THC analyzer or storage medium, its
inner surfaces must be heated to a tolerance of (191 11) [deg]C.
(4) Ammonia Scrubber. You may use ammonia scrubbers for any or all
gaseous sampling systems to prevent interference with NH3,
poisoning of the NO2-to-NO converter, and deposits in the
sampling system or analyzers. Follow the ammonia scrubber manufacturer's
recommendations or use good engineering judgment in applying ammonia
scrubbers.
(f) Optional sample-conditioning components for PM sampling. You may
use the following sample-conditioning components to prepare PM samples
for analysis, as long as you do not install or use them in a way that
adversely affects your ability to show that your engines comply with the
applicable PM emission standards. You may condition PM samples to
minimize positive and negative biases to PM results, as follows:
(1) PM preclassifier. You may use a PM preclassifier to remove
large-diameter particles. The PM preclassifier may be either an inertial
impactor or a cyclonic separator. It must be constructed of 300 series
stainless steel. The preclassifier must be rated to remove at least 50%
of PM at an aerodynamic diameter of 10 [micro]m and no more than 1% of
PM at an aerodynamic diameter of 1 [micro]m over the range of flow rates
for which you use it. Follow the preclassifier manufacturer's
instructions for any periodic servicing that may be necessary to prevent
a buildup of PM. Install the preclassifier in the dilution system
downstream of the last dilution stage. Configure the preclassifier
outlet with a means of bypassing any PM sample media so the
preclassifier flow may be stabilized before starting a test. Locate PM
sample media within 75 cm downstream of the preclassifier's exit. You
may not use this preclassifier if you use a PM probe that already has a
preclassifier. For example, if you use a hat-shaped preclassifier that
is located immediately upstream of the probe in such a way that it
forces the sample flow to change direction before entering the probe,
you may not use any other preclassifier in your PM sampling system.
(2) Other components. You may request to use other PM conditioning
components upstream of a PM preclassifier, such as components that
condition humidity or remove gaseous-phase hydrocarbons from the diluted
exhaust stream. You may use such components only if we approve them
under Sec. 1065.10.

[75 FR 23030, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.150 Continuous sampling.

You may use continuous sampling techniques for measurements that
involve raw or dilute sampling. Make sure continuous sampling systems
meet the specifications in Sec. 1065.145. Make sure continuous
analyzers meet the specifications in subparts C and D of this part.

Sec. 1065.170 Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents.

Batch sampling involves collecting and storing emissions for later
analysis. Examples of batch sampling include collecting and storing
gaseous emissions in a bag or collecting and storing PM on a filter. You
may use batch sampling to store emissions that have been diluted at
least once in some way, such as with CVS, PFD, or BMD. You may use
batch-sampling to store undiluted emissions.
(a) Sampling methods. If you extract from a constant-volume flow
rate, sample at a constant-volume flow rate as follows:
(1) Validate proportional sampling after an emission test as
described in Sec. 1065.545. Use good engineering judgment to select
storage media that will not significantly change measured emission
levels (either up or down). For example, do not use sample bags for

[[Page 693]]

storing emissions if the bags are permeable with respect to emissions or
if they offgas emissions to the extent that it affects your ability to
demonstrate compliance with the applicable gaseous emission standards.
As another example, do not use PM filters that irreversibly absorb or
adsorb gases to the extent that it affects your ability to demonstrate
compliance with the applicable PM emission standard.
(2) You must follow the requirements in Sec. 1065.140(e)(2) related
to PM dilution ratios. For each filter, if you expect the net PM mass on
the filter to exceed 400 [micro]g, assuming a 38 mm diameter filter
stain area, you may take the following actions in sequence:
(i) For discrete-mode testing only, you may reduce sample time as
needed to target a filter loading of 400 [micro]g, but not below the
minimum sample time specified in the standard-setting part.
(ii) Reduce filter face velocity as needed to target a filter
loading of 400 [micro]g, down to 50 cm/s or less.
(iii) Increase overall dilution ratio above the values specified in
Sec. 1065.140(e)(2) to target a filter loading of 400 [micro]g.
(b) Gaseous sample storage media. Store gas volumes in sufficiently
clean containers that minimally off-gas or allow permeation of gases.
Use good engineering judgment to determine acceptable thresholds of
storage media cleanliness and permeation. To clean a container, you may
repeatedly purge and evacuate a container and you may heat it. Use a
flexible container (such as a bag) within a temperature-controlled
environment, or use a temperature controlled rigid container that is
initially evacuated or has a volume that can be displaced, such as a
piston and cylinder arrangement. Use containers meeting the
specifications in the following table, noting that you may request to
use other container materials under Sec. 1065.10:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.170--Gaseous Batch Sampling Container Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engines
-----------------------------------------
Compression-ignition,
Emissions two-stroke spark All other
ignition, 4-stroke engines
spark-ignition <19 kW
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO, CO2, O2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, Tedlar\TM\, \2\ Tedlar\TM\, \2\
NO, NO2 \1\. Kynar\TM\, \2\ Kynar\TM\, \2\
Teflon\TM\, \3\ or Teflon\TM\, \3\
300 series stainless or 300 series
steel \3\. stainless steel
\3\
THC, NMHC..................... Teflon\TM\ \4\ or 300 Tedlar\TM\, \2\
series stainless Kynar\TM\, \2\
steel \4\. Teflon\TM\, \3\
or 300 series
stainless steel
\3\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ As long as you prevent aqueous condensation in storage container.
\2\ Up to 40 [deg]C.
\3\ Up to 202 [deg]C.
\4\ At (191 11) [deg]C.

(c) PM sample media. Apply the following methods for sampling
particulate emissions:
(1) If you use filter-based sampling media to extract and store PM
for measurement, your procedure must meet the following specifications:
(i) If you expect that a filter's total surface concentration of PM
will exceed 400 [micro]g, assuming a 38 mm diameter filter stain area,
for a given test interval, you may use filter media with a minimum
initial collection efficiency of 98%; otherwise you must use a filter
media with a minimum initial collection efficiency of 99.7%. Collection
efficiency must be measured as described in ASTM D2986-95a (incorporated
by reference in Sec. 1065.1010), though you may rely on the sample-
media manufacturer's measurements reflected in their product ratings to
show that you meet this requirement.
(ii) The filter must be circular, with an overall diameter of 46.50
0.6 mm and an exposed diameter of at least 38 mm.
See the cassette specifications in paragraph (c)(1)(vii) of this
section.
(iii) We highly recommend that you use a pure PTFE filter material
that does not have any flow-through support bonded to the back and has
an overall thickness of 40 20 [micro]m. An inert

[[Page 694]]

polymer ring may be bonded to the periphery of the filter material for
support and for sealing between the filter cassette parts. We consider
Polymethylpentene (PMP) and PTFE inert materials for a support ring, but
other inert materials may be used. See the cassette specifications in
paragraph (c)(1)(vii) of this section. We allow the use of PTFE-coated
glass fiber filter material, as long as this filter media selection does
not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable
standards, which we base on a pure PTFE filter material. Note that we
will use pure PTFE filter material for compliance testing, and we may
require you to use pure PTFE filter material for any compliance testing
we require, such as for selective enforcement audits.
(iv) You may request to use other filter materials or sizes under
the provisions of Sec. 1065.10.
(v) To minimize turbulent deposition and to deposit PM evenly on a
filter, use a filter holder with a 12.5[deg] (from center) divergent
cone angle to transition from the transfer-line inside diameter to the
exposed diameter of the filter face. Use 300 series stainless steel for
this transition.
(vi) Maintain a filter face velocity near 100 cm/s with less than 5%
of the recorded flow values exceeding 100 cm/s, unless you expect the
net PM mass on the filter to exceed 400 [micro]g, assuming a 38 mm
diameter filter stain area. Measure face velocity as the volumetric flow
rate of the sample at the pressure upstream of the filter and
temperature of the filter face as measured in Sec. 1065.140(e), divided
by the filter's exposed area. You may use the exhaust stack or CVS
tunnel pressure for the upstream pressure if the pressure drop through
the PM sampler up to the filter is less than 2 kPa.
(vii) Use a clean cassette designed to the specifications of Figure
1 of Sec. 1065.170. In auto changer configurations, you may use
cassettes of similar design. Cassettes must be made of one of the
following materials: Delrin\TM\, 300 series stainless steel,
polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin, or
conductive polypropylene. We recommend that you keep filter cassettes
clean by periodically washing or wiping them with a compatible solvent
applied using a lint-free cloth. Depending upon your cassette material,
ethanol (C2H5OH) might be an acceptable solvent.
Your cleaning frequency will depend on your engine's PM and HC
emissions.
(viii) If you keep the cassette in the filter holder after sampling,
prevent flow through the filter until either the holder or cassette is
removed from the PM sampler. If you remove the cassettes from filter
holders after sampling, transfer the cassette to an individual container
that is covered or sealed to prevent communication of semi-volatile
matter from one filter to another. If you remove the filter holder, cap
the inlet and outlet. Keep them covered or sealed until they return to
the stabilization or weighing environments.
(ix) The filters should not be handled outside of the PM
stabilization and weighing environments and should be loaded into
cassettes, filter holders, or auto changer apparatus before removal from
these environments.
(2) You may use other PM sample media that we approve under Sec.
1065.10, including non-filtering techniques. For example, you might
deposit PM on an inert substrate that collects PM using electrostatic,
thermophoresis, inertia, diffusion, or some other deposition mechanism,
as approved.

[[Page 695]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.079

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37298, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59321, Oct. 8, 2008; 76 FR 57440, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.190 PM-stabilization and weighing environments for gravimetric

analysis.

(a) This section describes the two environments required to
stabilize and weigh PM for gravimetric analysis: the PM stabilization
environment, where filters are stored before weighing; and the weighing
environment, where the balance is located. The two environments may
share a common space. These volumes may be one or more rooms, or they
may be much smaller, such as a glove box or an automated weighing system
consisting of one or more countertop-sized environments.
(b) We recommend that you keep both the stabilization and the
weighing environments free of ambient contaminants, such as dust,
aerosols, or semi-volatile material that could contaminate PM samples.
We recommend that these environments conform with an ``as-built'' Class
Six clean room specification according to ISO 14644-1 (incorporated by
reference in Sec. 1065.1010); however, we also recommend that you
deviate from ISO 14644-1 as necessary to minimize air motion that might
affect weighing. We recommend maximum air-supply and air-return
velocities of 0.05 m/s in the weighing environment.
(c) Verify the cleanliness of the PM-stabilization environment using
reference filters, as described in Sec. 1065.390(d).
(d) Maintain the following ambient conditions within the two
environments during all stabilization and weighing:
(1) Ambient temperature and tolerances. Maintain the weighing
environment at a tolerance of (22 1) [deg]C. If
the two environments share a common space, maintain both environments at
a tolerance of (22 1) [deg]C. If they are
separate, maintain the stabilization environment at a tolerance of (22
3) [deg]C.

[[Page 696]]

(2) Dewpoint. Maintain a dewpoint of 9.5 [deg]C in both
environments. This dewpoint will control the amount of water associated
with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) PM, such that 1.2216
grams of water will be associated with each gram of
H2SO4.
(3) Dewpoint tolerances. If the expected fraction of sulfuric acid
in PM is unknown, we recommend controlling dewpoint at within 1 [deg]C tolerance. This would limit any dewpoint-
related change in PM to less than 2%, even for PM
that is 50% sulfuric acid. If you know your expected fraction of
sulfuric acid in PM, we recommend that you select an appropriate
dewpoint tolerance for showing compliance with emission standards using
the following table as a guide:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.190--Dewpoint Tolerance as a Function of % PM Change and % Sulfuric Acid PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.5% eq>1% PM mass change eq>2% PM mass change
PM PM mass change
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5%................................ 3 6 12 [deg]C
50%............................... 0.3 0.6 [deg]C. eq>1.2 [deg]C
100%.............................. 0.15 0.3 [deg]C. eq>0.6 [deg]C
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) Verify the following ambient conditions using measurement
instruments that meet the specifications in subpart C of this part:
(1) Continuously measure dewpoint and ambient temperature. Use these
values to determine if the stabilization and weighing environments have
remained within the tolerances specified in paragraph (d) of this
section for at least 60 min. before weighing sample media (e.g.,
filters). We recommend that you use an interlock that automatically
prevents the balance from reporting values if either of the environments
have not been within the applicable tolerances for the past 60 min.
(2) Continuously measure atmospheric pressure within the weighing
environment. An acceptable alternative is to use a barometer that
measures atmospheric pressure outside the weighing environment, as long
as you can ensure that atmospheric pressure at the balance is always
within 100 Pa of that outside environment during
weighing operations. Record atmospheric pressure as you weigh filters,
and use these pressure values to perform the buoyancy correction in
Sec. 1065.690.
(f) We recommend that you install a balance as follows:
(1) Install the balance on a vibration-isolation platform to isolate
it from external noise and vibration.
(2) Shield the balance from convective airflow with a static-
dissipating draft shield that is electrically grounded.
(3) Follow the balance manufacturer's specifications for all
preventive maintenance.
(4) Operate the balance manually or as part of an automated weighing
system.
(g) Minimize static electric charge in the balance environment, as
follows:
(1) Electrically ground the balance.
(2) Use 300 series stainless steel tweezers if PM sample media
(e.g., filters) must be handled manually.
(3) Ground tweezers with a grounding strap, or provide a grounding
strap for the operator such that the grounding strap shares a common
ground with the balance. Make sure grounding straps have an appropriate
resistor to protect operators from accidental shock.
(4) Provide a static-electricity neutralizer that is electrically
grounded in common with the balance to remove static charge from PM
sample media (e.g., filters), as follows:
(i) You may use radioactive neutralizers such as a Polonium
(²¹⁰Po) source. Replace radioactive sources at the intervals
recommended by the neutralizer manufacturer.
(ii) You may use other neutralizers, such as corona-discharge
ionizers. If you use a corona-discharge ionizer, we recommend that you
monitor it for neutral net charge according to the ionizer
manufacturer's recommendations.

[[Page 697]]

(5) We recommend that you use a device to monitor the static charge
of PM sample media (e.g., filter) surface.
(6) We recommend that you neutralize PM sample media (e.g., filters)
to within 2.0 V of neutral. Measure static
voltages as follows:
(i) Measure static voltage of PM sample media (e.g., filters)
according to the electrostatic voltmeter manufacturer's instructions.
(ii) Measure static voltage of PM sample media (e.g., filters) while
the media is at least 15 cm away from any grounded surfaces to avoid
mirror image charge interference.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37299, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59323, Oct. 8, 2008; 76 FR 57440, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.195 PM-stabilization environment for in-situ analyzers.

(a) This section describes the environment required to determine PM
in-situ. For in-situ analyzers, such as an inertial balance, this is the
environment within a PM sampling system that surrounds the PM sample
media (e.g., filters). This is typically a very small volume.
(b) Maintain the environment free of ambient contaminants, such as
dust, aerosols, or semi-volatile material that could contaminate PM
samples. Filter all air used for stabilization with HEPA filters. Ensure
that HEPA filters are installed properly so that background PM does not
leak past the HEPA filters.
(c) Maintain the following thermodynamic conditions within the
environment before measuring PM:
(1) Ambient temperature. Select a nominal ambient temperature, Tamb,
between (42 and 52) [deg]C. Maintain the ambient temperature within
1.0 [deg]C of the selected nominal value.
(2) Dewpoint. Select a dewpoint, Tdew, that corresponds to Tamb such
that Tdew = (0.95Tamb-11.40) [deg]C. The resulting dewpoint will control
the amount of water associated with sulfuric acid
(H2SO4) PM, such that 1.1368 grams of water will
be associated with each gram of H2SO4. For
example, if you select a nominal ambient temperature of 47 [deg]C, set a
dewpoint of 33.3 [deg]C.
(3) Dewpoint tolerance. If the expected fraction of sulfuric acid in
PM is unknown, we recommend controlling dewpoint within 1.0 [deg]C. This would limit any dewpoint-related change
in PM to less than 2%, even for PM that is 50%
sulfuric acid. If you know your expected fraction of sulfuric acid in
PM, we recommend that you select an appropriate dewpoint tolerance for
showing compliance with emission standards using Table 1 of Sec.
1065.190 as a guide:
(4) Absolute pressure. Use good engineering judgment to maintain a
tolerance of absolute pressure if your PM measurement instrument
requires it.
(d) Continuously measure dewpoint, temperature, and pressure using
measurement instruments that meet the PM-stabilization environment
specifications in subpart C of this part. Use these values to determine
if the in-situ stabilization environment is within the tolerances
specified in paragraph (c) of this section. Do not use any PM quantities
that are recorded when any of these parameters exceed the applicable
tolerances.
(e) If you use an inertial PM balance, we recommend that you install
it as follows:
(1) Isolate the balance from any external noise and vibration that
is within a frequency range that could affect the balance.
(2) Follow the balance manufacturer's specifications.
(f) If static electricity affects an inertial balance, you may use a
static neutralizer, as follows:
(1) You may use a radioactive neutralizer such as a Polonium
(\210\Po) source or a Krypton (\85\Kr) source. Replace radioactive
sources at the intervals recommended by the neutralizer manufacturer.
(2) You may use other neutralizers, such as a corona-discharge
ionizer. If you use a corona-discharge ionizer, we recommend that you
monitor it for neutral net charge according to the ionizer
manufacturer's recommendations.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 32799, June 30, 2008]

[[Page 698]]

Subpart C_Measurement Instruments

Sec. 1065.201 Overview and general provisions.

(a) Scope. This subpart specifies measurement instruments and
associated system requirements related to emission testing in a
laboratory or similar environment and in the field. This includes
laboratory instruments and portable emission measurement systems (PEMS)
for measuring engine parameters, ambient conditions, flow-related
parameters, and emission concentrations.
(b) Instrument types. You may use any of the specified instruments
as described in this subpart to perform emission tests. If you want to
use one of these instruments in a way that is not specified in this
subpart, or if you want to use a different instrument, you must first
get us to approve your alternate procedure under Sec. 1065.10. Where we
specify more than one instrument for a particular measurement, we may
identify which instrument serves as the reference for comparing with an
alternate procedure.
(c) Measurement systems. Assemble a system of measurement
instruments that allows you to show that your engines comply with the
applicable emission standards, using good engineering judgment. When
selecting instruments, consider how conditions such as vibration,
temperature, pressure, humidity, viscosity, specific heat, and exhaust
composition (including trace concentrations) may affect instrument
compatibility and performance.
(d) Redundant systems. For all measurement instruments described in
this subpart, you may use data from multiple instruments to calculate
test results for a single test. If you use redundant systems, use good
engineering judgment to use multiple measured values in calculations or
to disregard individual measurements. Note that you must keep your
results from all measurements, as described in Sec. 1065.25. This
requirements applies whether or not you actually use the measurements in
your calculations.
(e) Range. You may use an instrument's response above 100% of its
operating range if this does not affect your ability to show that your
engines comply with the applicable emission standards. Note that we
require additional testing and reporting if an analyzer responds above
100% of its range. See Sec. 1065.550. Auto-ranging analyzers do not
require additional testing or reporting.
(f) Related subparts for laboratory testing. Subpart D of this part
describes how to evaluate the performance of the measurement instruments
in this subpart. In general, if an instrument is specified in a specific
section of this subpart, its calibration and verifications are typically
specified in a similarly numbered section in subpart D of this part. For
example, Sec. 1065.290 gives instrument specifications for PM balances
and Sec. 1065.390 describes the corresponding calibrations and
verifications. Note that some instruments also have other requirements
in other sections of subpart D of this part. Subpart B of this part
identifies specifications for other types of equipment, and subpart H of
this part specifies engine fluids and analytical gases.
(g) Field testing and testing with PEMS. Subpart J of this part
describes how to use these and other measurement instruments for field
testing and other PEMS testing.
(h) Recommended practices. This subpart identifies a variety of
recommended but not required practices for proper measurements. We
believe in most cases it is necessary to follow these recommended
practices for accurate and repeatable measurements. However, we do not
specifically require you to follow these recommended practices to
perform a valid test, as long as you meet the required calibrations and
verifications of measurement systems specified in subpart D of this
part. Similarly, we are not required to follow all recommended
practices, as long as we meet the required calibrations and
verifications. Our decision to follow or not follow a given
recommendation when testing your engine is not dependent on whether or
not you followed it during your testing.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37299, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 23033, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 699]]

Sec. 1065.202 Data updating, recording, and control.

Your test system must be able to update data, record data and
control systems related to operator demand, the dynamometer, sampling
equipment, and measurement instruments. Use data acquisition and control
systems that can record at the specified minimum frequencies, as
follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.202--Data Recording and Control Minimum Frequencies
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum command and Minimum recording
Applicable test protocol section Measured values control frequency frequency
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 1065.510.................... Speed and torque during an 1 Hz.................. 1 mean value per step.
engine step-map.
Sec. 1065.510.................... Speed and torque during an 5 Hz.................. 1 Hz means.
engine sweep-map.
Sec. 1065.514, Sec. 1065.530... Transient duty cycle 5 Hz.................. 1 Hz means.
reference and feedback
speeds and torques.
Sec. 1065.514, Sec. 1065.530... Steady-state and ramped- 1 Hz.................. 1 Hz.
modal duty cycle reference
and feedback speeds and
torques.
Sec. 1065.520, Sec. 1065.530, Continuous concentrations N/A................... 1 Hz.
Sec. 1065.550. of raw or dilute analyzers.
Sec. 1065.520, Sec. 1065.530, Batch concentrations of raw N/A................... 1 mean value per test
Sec. 1065.550. or dilute analyzers. interval.
Sec. 1065.530, Sec. 1065.545... Diluted exhaust flow rate N/A................... 1 Hz.
from a CVS with a heat
exchanger upstream of the
flow measurement.
Sec. 1065.530, Sec. 1065.545... Diluted exhaust flow rate 5 Hz.................. 1 Hz means.
from a CVS without a heat
exchanger upstream of the
flow measurement.
Sec. 1065.530, Sec. 1065.545... Intake-air or raw-exhaust N/A................... 1 Hz means.
flow rate.
Sec. 1065.530, Sec. 1065.545... Dilution air if actively 5 Hz.................. 1 Hz means.
controlled.
Sec. 1065.530.................... Sample flow from a CVS that 1 Hz.................. 1 Hz.
has a heat exchanger.
Sec. 1065.530, Sec. 1065.545... Sample flow from a CVS does 5 Hz.................. 1 Hz mean.
not have a heat exchanger.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 1065.205 Performance specifications for measurement instruments.

Your test system as a whole must meet all the applicable
calibrations, verifications, and test-validation criteria specified in
subparts D and F of this part or subpart J of this part for using PEMS
and for performing field testing. We recommend that your instruments
meet the specifications in Table 1 of this section for all ranges you
use for testing. We also recommend that you keep any documentation you
receive from instrument manufacturers showing that your instruments meet
the specifications in Table 1 of this section.

[[Page 700]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.020

[[Page 701]]

[76 FR 57440, Sept. 15, 2011]

Measurement of Engine Parameters and Ambient Conditions

Sec. 1065.210 Work input and output sensors.

(a) Application. Use instruments as specified in this section to
measure work inputs and outputs during engine operation. We recommend
that you use sensors, transducers, and meters that meet the
specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205. Note that your overall
systems for measuring work inputs and outputs must meet the linearity
verifications in Sec. 1065.307. We recommend that you measure work
inputs and outputs where they cross the system boundary as shown in
Figure 1 of Sec. 1065.210. The system boundary is different for air-
cooled engines than for liquid-cooled engines. If you choose to measure
work before or after a work conversion, relative to the system boundary,
use good engineering judgment to estimate any work-conversion losses in
a way that avoids overestimation of total work. For example, if it is
impractical to instrument the shaft of an exhaust turbine generating
electrical work, you may decide to measure its converted electrical
work. As another example, you may decide to measure the tractive (i.e.,
electrical output) power of a locomotive, rather than the brake power of
the locomotive engine. In these cases, divide the electrical work by
accurate values of electrical generator efficiency ([eta]<1), or assume
an efficiency of 1 ([eta]=1), which would over-estimate brake-specific
emissions. For the example of using locomotive tractive power with a
generator efficiency of 1 ([eta]=1), this means using the tractive power
as the brake power in emission calculations. Do not underestimate any
work conversion efficiencies for any components outside the system
boundary that do not return work into the system boundary. And do not
overestimate any work conversion efficiencies for components outside the
system boundary that do return work into the system boundary. In all
cases, ensure that you are able to accurately demonstrate compliance
with the applicable standards.

[[Page 702]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.015

(b) Shaft work. Use speed and torque transducer outputs to calculate
total work according to Sec. 1065.650.
(1) Speed. Use a magnetic or optical shaft-position detector with a
resolution of at least 60 counts per revolution, in combination with a
frequency

[[Page 703]]

counter that rejects common-mode noise.
(2) Torque. You may use a variety of methods to determine engine
torque. As needed, and based on good engineering judgment, compensate
for torque induced by the inertia of accelerating and decelerating
components connected to the flywheel, such as the drive shaft and
dynamometer rotor. Use any of the following methods to determine engine
torque:
(i) Measure torque by mounting a strain gage or similar instrument
in-line between the engine and dynamometer.
(ii) Measure torque by mounting a strain gage or similar instrument
on a lever arm connected to the dynamometer housing.
(iii) Calculate torque from internal dynamometer signals, such as
armature current, as long as you calibrate this measurement as described
in Sec. 1065.310.
(c) Electrical work. Use a watt-hour meter output to calculate total
work according to Sec. 1065.650. Use a watt-hour meter that outputs
active power (kW). Watt-hour meters typically combine a Wheatstone
bridge voltmeter and a Hall-effect clamp-on ammeter into a single
microprocessor-based instrument that analyzes and outputs several
parameters, such as alternating or direct current voltage (V), current
(A), power factor (pf), apparent power (VA), reactive power (VAR), and
active power (W).
(d) Pump, compressor or turbine work. Use pressure transducer and
flow-meter outputs to calculate total work according to Sec. 1065.650.
For flow meters, see Sec. 1065.220 through Sec. 1065.248.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37300, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.215 Pressure transducers, temperature sensors, and dewpoint

sensors.

(a) Application. Use instruments as specified in this section to
measure pressure, temperature, and dewpoint.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use pressure
transducers, temperature sensors, and dewpoint sensors that meet the
specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205. Note that your overall
systems for measuring pressure, temperature, and dewpoint must meet the
calibration and verifications in Sec. 1065.315.
(c) Temperature. For PM-balance environments or other precision
temperature measurements over a narrow temperature range, we recommend
thermistors. For other applications we recommend thermocouples that are
not grounded to the thermocouple sheath. You may use other temperature
sensors, such as resistive temperature detectors (RTDs).
(d) Pressure. Pressure transducers must be located in a temperature-
controlled environment, or they must compensate for temperature changes
over their expected operating range. Transducer materials must be
compatible with the fluid being measured. For atmospheric pressure or
other precision pressure measurements, we recommend either capacitance-
type, quartz crystal, or laser-interferometer transducers. For other
applications, we recommend either strain gage or capacitance-type
pressure transducers. You may use other pressure-measurement
instruments, such as manometers, where appropriate.
(e) Dewpoint. For PM-stabilization environments, we recommend
chilled-surface hygrometers, which include chilled mirror detectors and
chilled surface acoustic wave (SAW) detectors. For other applications,
we recommend thin-film capacitance sensors. You may use other dewpoint
sensors, such as a wet-bulb/dry-bulb psychrometer, where appropriate.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37300, June 30, 2008]

Flow-Related Measurements

Sec. 1065.220 Fuel flow meter.

(a) Application. You may use fuel flow in combination with a
chemical balance of fuel, inlet air, and raw exhaust to calculate raw
exhaust flow as described in Sec. 1065.655(e), as follows:
(1) Use the actual value of calculated raw exhaust flow rate in the
following cases:
(i) For multiplying raw exhaust flow rate with continuously sampled
concentrations.

[[Page 704]]

(ii) For multiplying total raw exhaust flow with batch-sampled
concentrations.
(iii) For calculating the dilution air flow for background
correction as described in Sec. 1065.667.
(2) In the following cases, you may use a fuel flow meter signal
that does not give the actual value of raw exhaust, as long as it is
linearly proportional to the exhaust molar flow rate's actual calculated
value:
(i) For feedback control of a proportional sampling system, such as
a partial-flow dilution system.
(ii) For multiplying with continuously sampled gas concentrations,
if the same signal is used in a chemical-balance calculation to
determine work from brake-specific fuel consumption and fuel consumed.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a fuel flow
meter that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205. We
recommend a fuel flow meter that measures mass directly, such as one
that relies on gravimetric or inertial measurement principles. This may
involve using a meter with one or more scales for weighing fuel or using
a Coriolis meter. Note that your overall system for measuring fuel flow
must meet the linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307 and the
calibration and verifications in Sec. 1065.320.
(c) Recirculating fuel. In any fuel-flow measurement, account for
any fuel that bypasses the engine or returns from the engine to the fuel
storage tank.
(d) Flow conditioning. For any type of fuel flow meter, condition
the flow as needed to prevent wakes, eddies, circulating flows, or flow
pulsations from affecting the accuracy or repeatability of the meter.
You may accomplish this by using a sufficient length of straight tubing
(such as a length equal to at least 10 pipe diameters) or by using
specially designed tubing bends, straightening fins, or pneumatic
pulsation dampeners to establish a steady and predictable velocity
profile upstream of the meter. Condition the flow as needed to prevent
any gas bubbles in the fuel from affecting the fuel meter.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37300, June 30, 2008;
76 FR 57441, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.225 Intake-air flow meter.

(a) Application. You may use an intake-air flow meter in combination
with a chemical balance of fuel, inlet air, and raw exhaust to calculate
raw exhaust flow as described in Sec. 1065.655(e) and (f), as follows:
(1) Use the actual value of calculated raw exhaust in the following
cases:
(i) For multiplying raw exhaust flow rate with continuously sampled
concentrations.
(ii) For multiplying total raw exhaust flow with batch-sampled
concentrations.
(iii) For validating minimum dilution ratio for PM batch sampling as
described in Sec. 1065.546.
(iv) For calculating the dilution air flow for background correction
as described in Sec. 1065.667.
(2) In the following cases, you may use an intake-air flow meter
signal that does not give the actual value of raw exhaust, as long as it
is linearly proportional to the exhaust flow rate's actual calculated
value:
(i) For feedback control of a proportional sampling system, such as
a partial-flow dilution system.
(ii) For multiplying with continuously sampled gas concentrations,
if the same signal is used in a chemical-balance calculation to
determine work from brake-specific fuel consumption and fuel consumed.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use an intake-air
flow meter that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205.
This may include a laminar flow element, an ultrasonic flow meter, a
subsonic venturi, a thermal-mass meter, an averaging Pitot tube, or a
hot-wire anemometer. Note that your overall system for measuring intake-
air flow must meet the linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307 and the
calibration in Sec. 1065.325.
(c) Flow conditioning. For any type of intake-air flow meter,
condition the

[[Page 705]]

flow as needed to prevent wakes, eddies, circulating flows, or flow
pulsations from affecting the accuracy or repeatability of the meter.
You may accomplish this by using a sufficient length of straight tubing
(such as a length equal to at least 10 pipe diameters) or by using
specially designed tubing bends, orifice plates or straightening fins to
establish a predictable velocity profile upstream of the meter.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 76 FR 57442, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.230 Raw exhaust flow meter.

(a) Application. You may use measured raw exhaust flow, as follows:
(1) Use the actual value of calculated raw exhaust in the following
cases:
(i) Multiply raw exhaust flow rate with continuously sampled
concentrations.
(ii) Multiply total raw exhaust with batch sampled concentrations.
(2) In the following cases, you may use a raw exhaust flow meter
signal that does not give the actual value of raw exhaust, as long as it
is linearly proportional to the exhaust flow rate's actual calculated
value:
(i) For feedback control of a proportional sampling system, such as
a partial-flow dilution system.
(ii) For multiplying with continuously sampled gas concentrations,
if the same signal is used in a chemical-balance calculation to
determine work from brake-specific fuel consumption and fuel consumed.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a raw-exhaust
flow meter that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205.
This may involve using an ultrasonic flow meter, a subsonic venturi, an
averaging Pitot tube, a hot-wire anemometer, or other measurement
principle. This would generally not involve a laminar flow element or a
thermal-mass meter. Note that your overall system for measuring raw
exhaust flow must meet the linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307 and
the calibration and verifications in Sec. 1065.330. Any raw-exhaust
meter must be designed to appropriately compensate for changes in the
raw exhaust's thermodynamic, fluid, and compositional states.
(c) Flow conditioning. For any type of raw exhaust flow meter,
condition the flow as needed to prevent wakes, eddies, circulating
flows, or flow pulsations from affecting the accuracy or repeatability
of the meter. You may accomplish this by using a sufficient length of
straight tubing (such as a length equal to at least 10 pipe diameters)
or by using specially designed tubing bends, orifice plates or
straightening fins to establish a predictable velocity profile upstream
of the meter.
(d) Exhaust cooling. You may cool raw exhaust upstream of a raw-
exhaust flow meter, as long as you observe all the following provisions:
(1) Do not sample PM downstream of the cooling.
(2) If cooling causes exhaust temperatures above 202 [deg]C to
decrease to below 180 [deg]C, do not sample NMHC downstream of the
cooling for compression-ignition engines, 2-stroke spark-ignition
engines, and 4-stroke spark-ignition engines below 19 kW.
(3) If cooling causes aqueous condensation, do not sample
NOX downstream of the cooling unless the cooler meets the
performance verification in Sec. 1065.376.
(4) If cooling causes aqueous condensation before the flow reaches a
flow meter, measure dewpoint, Tdew and pressure, ptotal at the flow
meter inlet. Use these values in emission calculations according to
Sec. 1065.650.

Sec. 1065.240 Dilution air and diluted exhaust flow meters.

(a) Application. Use a diluted exhaust flow meter to determine
instantaneous diluted exhaust flow rates or total diluted exhaust flow
over a test interval. You may use the difference between a diluted
exhaust flow meter and a dilution air meter to calculate raw exhaust
flow rates or total raw exhaust flow over a test interval.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a diluted
exhaust flow meter that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec.
1065.205. Note that your overall system for measuring diluted exhaust
flow must meet the linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307 and the
calibration and verifications in Sec. 1065.340 and Sec. 1065.341. You
may use the following meters:

[[Page 706]]

(1) For constant-volume sampling (CVS) of the total flow of diluted
exhaust, you may use a critical-flow venturi (CFV) or multiple critical-
flow venturis arranged in parallel, a positive-displacement pump (PDP),
a subsonic venturi (SSV), or an ultrasonic flow meter (UFM). Combined
with an upstream heat exchanger, either a CFV or a PDP will also
function as a passive flow controller in a CVS system. However, you may
also combine any flow meter with any active flow control system to
maintain proportional sampling of exhaust constituents. You may control
the total flow of diluted exhaust, or one or more sample flows, or a
combination of these flow controls to maintain proportional sampling.
(2) For any other dilution system, you may use a laminar flow
element, an ultrasonic flow meter, a subsonic venturi, a critical-flow
venturi or multiple critical-flow venturis arranged in parallel, a
positive-displacement meter, a thermal-mass meter, an averaging Pitot
tube, or a hot-wire anemometer.
(c) Flow conditioning. For any type of diluted exhaust flow meter,
condition the flow as needed to prevent wakes, eddies, circulating
flows, or flow pulsations from affecting the accuracy or repeatability
of the meter. For some meters, you may accomplish this by using a
sufficient length of straight tubing (such as a length equal to at least
10 pipe diameters) or by using specially designed tubing bends, orifice
plates or straightening fins to establish a predictable velocity profile
upstream of the meter.
(d) Exhaust cooling. You may cool diluted exhaust upstream of a
dilute-exhaust flow meter, as long as you observe all the following
provisions:
(1) Do not sample PM downstream of the cooling.
(2) If cooling causes exhaust temperatures above 202 [deg]C to
decrease to below 180 [deg]C, do not sample NMHC downstream of the
cooling for compression-ignition engines, 2-stroke spark-ignition
engines, and 4-stroke spark-ignition engines below 19 kW.
(3) If cooling causes aqueous condensation, do not sample
NOX downstream of the cooling unless the cooler meets the
performance verification in Sec. 1065.376.
(4) If cooling causes aqueous condensation before the flow reaches a
flow meter, measure dewpoint, Tdew and pressure, ptotal at the flow
meter inlet. Use these values in emission calculations according to
Sec. 1065.650.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 75 FR 23035, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.245 Sample flow meter for batch sampling.

(a) Application. Use a sample flow meter to determine sample flow
rates or total flow sampled into a batch sampling system over a test
interval. You may use the difference between a diluted exhaust sample
flow meter and a dilution air meter to calculate raw exhaust flow rates
or total raw exhaust flow over a test interval.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a sample flow
meter that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205. This
may involve a laminar flow element, an ultrasonic flow meter, a subsonic
venturi, a critical-flow venturi or multiple critical-flow venturis
arranged in parallel, a positive-displacement meter, a thermal-mass
meter, an averaging Pitot tube, or a hot-wire anemometer. Note that your
overall system for measuring sample flow must meet the linearity
verification in Sec. 1065.307. For the special case where CFVs are used
for both the diluted exhaust and sample-flow measurements and their
upstream pressures and temperatures remain similar during testing, you
do not have to quantify the flow rate of the sample-flow CFV. In this
special case, the sample-flow CFV inherently flow-weights the batch
sample relative to the diluted exhaust CFV.
(c) Flow conditioning. For any type of sample flow meter, condition
the flow as needed to prevent wakes, eddies, circulating flows, or flow
pulsations from affecting the accuracy or repeatability of the meter.
For some meters, you may accomplish this by using a sufficient length of
straight tubing (such as a length equal to at least 10 pipe diameters)
or by using specially designed tubing bends, orifice plates or
straightening fins to establish a predictable velocity profile upstream
of the meter.

[[Page 707]]

Sec. 1065.248 Gas divider.

(a) Application. You may use a gas divider to blend calibration
gases.
(b) Component requirements. Use a gas divider that blends gases to
the specifications of Sec. 1065.750 and to the flow-weighted
concentrations expected during testing. You may use critical-flow gas
dividers, capillary-tube gas dividers, or thermal-mass-meter gas
dividers. Note that your overall gas-divider system must meet the
linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307.

CO and CO2 Measurements

Sec. 1065.250 Nondispersive infrared analyzer.

(a) Application. Use a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer to
measure CO and CO2 concentrations in raw or diluted exhaust
for either batch or continuous sampling.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use an NDIR
analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205.
Note that your NDIR-based system must meet the calibration and
verifications in Sec. Sec. 1065.350 and 1065.355 and it must also meet
the linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307. You may use an NDIR
analyzer that has compensation algorithms that are functions of other
gaseous measurements and the engine's known or assumed fuel properties.
The target value for any compensation algorithm is 0% (that is, no bias
high and no bias low), regardless of the uncompensated signal's bias.

[76 FR 57442, Sept. 15, 2011]

Hydrocarbon Measurements

Sec. 1065.260 Flame-ionization detector.

(a) Application. Use a flame-ionization detector (FID) analyzer to
measure hydrocarbon concentrations in raw or diluted exhaust for either
batch or continuous sampling. Determine hydrocarbon concentrations on a
carbon number basis of one, C1. For measuring THC or THCE you
must use a FID analyzer. For measuring CH4 you must meet the
requirements of paragraph (f) of this section. See subpart I of this
part for special provisions that apply to measuring hydrocarbons when
testing with oxygenated fuels.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a FID analyzer
that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205. Note that
your FID-based system for measuring THC, THCE, or CH4 must
meet all the verifications for hydrocarbon measurement in subpart D of
this part, and it must also meet the linearity verification in Sec.
1065.307. You may use a FID analyzer that has compensation algorithms
that are functions of other gaseous measurements and the engine's known
or assumed fuel properties. The target value for any compensation
algorithm is 0% (that is, no bias high and no bias low), regardless of
the uncompensated signal's bias.
(c) Heated FID analyzers. For measuring THC or THCE from
compression-ignition engines, two-stroke spark-ignition engines, and
four-stroke spark-ignition engines below 19 kW, you must use heated FID
analyzers that maintain all surfaces that are exposed to emissions at a
temperature of (191 11) [deg]C.
(d) FID fuel and burner air. Use FID fuel and burner air that meet
the specifications of Sec. 1065.750. Do not allow the FID fuel and
burner air to mix before entering the FID analyzer to ensure that the
FID analyzer operates with a diffusion flame and not a premixed flame.
(e) NMHC. For demonstrating compliance with NMHC standards, you may
either measure THC and CH4 and determine NMHC as described in
Sec. 1065.660(b)(2) or (3), or you may measure THC and determine NMHC
as described in Sec. 1065.660(b)(1).
(f) CH4. For reporting CH4 or for demonstrating
compliance with CH4 standards, you may use a FID analyzer
with a nonmethane cutter as described in Sec. 1065.265 or you may use a
GC-FID as described in Sec. 1065.267. Determine CH4 as
described in Sec. 1065.660(c).

[76 FR 57442, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.265 Nonmethane cutter.

(a) Application. You may use a nonmethane cutter to measure
CH4 with a FID analyzer. A nonmethane cutter oxidizes all
nonmethane hydrocarbons

[[Page 708]]

to CO2 and H2O. You may use a nonmethane cutter
for raw or diluted exhaust for batch or continuous sampling.
(b) System performance. Determine nonmethane-cutter performance as
described in Sec. 1065.365 and use the results to calculate
CH4 or NMHC emissions in Sec. 1065.660.
(c) Configuration. Configure the nonmethane cutter with a bypass
line if it is needed for the verification described in Sec. 1065.365.
(d) Optimization. You may optimize a nonmethane cutter to maximize
the penetration of CH4 and the oxidation of all other
hydrocarbons. You may humidify a sample and you may dilute a sample with
purified air or oxygen (O2) upstream of the nonmethane cutter
to optimize its performance. You must account for any sample
humidification and dilution in emission calculations.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37300, June 30, 2008;
76 FR 57442, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.267 Gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector.

(a) Application. You may use a gas chromatograph with a flame
ionization detector (GC-FID) to measure CH4 concentrations of
diluted exhaust for batch sampling. While you may also use a nonmethane
cutter to measure CH4, as described in Sec. 1065.265, use a
reference procedure based on a gas chromatograph for comparison with any
proposed alternate measurement procedure under Sec. 1065.10.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a GC-FID that
meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205, and it must also
meet the linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307.

[76 FR 57442, Sept. 15, 2011]

NOX and N2O Measurements

Sec. 1065.270 Chemiluminescent detector.

(a) Application. You may use a chemiluminescent detector (CLD) to
measure NOX concentration in raw or diluted exhaust for batch
or continuous sampling. We generally accept a CLD for NOX
measurement, even though it measures only NO and NO2, when
coupled with an NO2-to-NO converter, since conventional
engines and aftertreatment systems do not emit significant amounts of
NOX species other than NO and NO2. Measure other
NOX species if required by the standard-setting part. While
you may also use other instruments to measure NOX, as
described in Sec. 1065.272, use a reference procedure based on a
chemiluminescent detector for comparison with any proposed alternate
measurement procedure under Sec. 1065.10.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a CLD that
meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205. Note that your
CLD-based system must meet the quench verification in Sec. 1065.370 and
it must also meet the linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307. You may
use a heated or unheated CLD, and you may use a CLD that operates at
atmospheric pressure or under a vacuum. You may use a CLD that has
compensation algorithms that are functions of other gaseous measurements
and the engine's known or assumed fuel properties. The target value for
any compensation algorithm is 0% (that is, no bias high and no bias
low), regardless of the uncompensated signal's bias.
(c) NO2-to-NO converter. Place upstream of the CLD an internal or
external NO2-to-NO converter that meets the verification in
Sec. 1065.378. Configure the converter with a bypass line if it is
needed to facilitate this verification.
(d) Humidity effects. You must maintain all CLD temperatures to
prevent aqueous condensation. If you remove humidity from a sample
upstream of a CLD, use one of the following configurations:
(1) Connect a CLD downstream of any dryer or chiller that is
downstream of an NO2-to-NO converter that meets the
verification in Sec. 1065.378.
(2) Connect a CLD downstream of any dryer or thermal chiller that
meets the verification in Sec. 1065.376.
(e) Response time. You may use a heated CLD to improve CLD response
time.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37300, June 30, 2008;
76 FR 57442, Sept. 15, 2011]

[[Page 709]]

Sec. 1065.272 Nondispersive ultraviolet analyzer.

(a) Application. You may use a nondispersive ultraviolet (NDUV)
analyzer to measure NOX concentration in raw or diluted
exhaust for batch or continuous sampling. We generally accept an NDUV
for NOX measurement, even though it measures only NO and
NO2, since conventional engines and aftertreatment systems do
not emit significant amounts of other NOX species. Measure
other NOX species if required by the standard-setting part.
Note that good engineering judgment may preclude you from using an NDUV
analyzer if sampled exhaust from test engines contains oil (or other
contaminants) in sufficiently high concentrations to interfere with
proper operation.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use an NDUV
analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205.
Note that your NDUV-based system must meet the verifications in Sec.
1065.372 and it must also meet the linearity verification in Sec.
1065.307. You may use a NDUV analyzer that has compensation algorithms
that are functions of other gaseous measurements and the engine's known
or assumed fuel properties. The target value for any compensation
algorithm is 0% (that is, no bias high and no bias low), regardless of
the uncompensated signal's bias.
(c) NO2-to-NO converter. If your NDUV analyzer measures only NO,
place upstream of the NDUV analyzer an internal or external
NO2-to-NO converter that meets the verification in Sec.
1065.378. Configure the converter with a bypass to facilitate this
verification.
(d) Humidity effects. You must maintain NDUV temperature to prevent
aqueous condensation, unless you use one of the following
configurations:
(1) Connect an NDUV downstream of any dryer or chiller that is
downstream of an NO2-to-NO converter that meets the
verification in Sec. 1065.378.
(2) Connect an NDUV downstream of any dryer or thermal chiller that
meets the verification in Sec. 1065.376.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 59323, Oct. 8, 2008; 76
FR 57442, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.275 N2O measurement devices.

(a) General component requirements. We recommend that you use an
analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205.
Note that your system must meet the linearity verification in Sec.
1065.307.
(b) Instrument types. You may use any of the following analyzers to
measure N2O:
(1) Nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer. You may use an NDIR
analyzer that has compensation algorithms that are functions of other
gaseous measurements and the engine's known or assumed fuel properties.
The target value for any compensation algorithm is 0% (that is, no bias
high and no bias low), regardless of the uncompensated signal's bias.
(2) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer. You may use an FTIR
analyzer that has compensation algorithms that are functions of other
gaseous measurements and the engine's known or assumed fuel properties.
The target value for any compensation algorithm is 0% (that is, no bias
high and no bias low), regardless of the uncompensated signal's bias.
Use appropriate analytical procedures for interpretation of infrared
spectra. For example, EPA Test Method 320 is considered a valid method
for spectral interpretation (see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/methods/
method320.html).
(3) Laser infrared analyzer. You may use a laser infrared analyzer
that has compensation algorithms that are functions of other gaseous
measurements and the engine's known or assumed fuel properties. The
target value for any compensation algorithm is 0% (that is, no bias high
and no bias low), regardless of the uncompensated signal's bias.
Examples of laser infrared analyzers are pulsed-mode high-resolution
narrow band mid-infrared analyzers, and modulated continuous wave high-
resolution narrow band mid-infrared analyzers.
(4) Photoacoustic analyzer. You may use a photoacoustic analyzer
that has compensation algorithms that are functions of other gaseous
measurements. The target value for any compensation algorithm is 0%
(that is, no bias high and no bias low), regardless of the uncompensated
signal's bias. Use

[[Page 710]]

an optical wheel configuration that gives analytical priority to
measurement of the least stable components in the sample. Select a
sample integration time of at least 5 seconds. Take into account sample
chamber and sample line volumes when determining flush times for your
instrument.
(5) Gas chromatograph analyzer. You may use a gas chromatograph with
an electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) to measure N2O
concentrations of diluted exhaust for batch sampling.
(i) You may use a packed or porous layer open tubular (PLOT) column
phase of suitable polarity and length to achieve adequate resolution of
the N2O peak for analysis. Examples of acceptable columns are
a PLOT column consisting of bonded polystyrene-divinylbenzene or a
Porapack Q packed column. Take the column temperature profile and
carrier gas selection into consideration when setting up your method to
achieve adequate N2O peak resolution.
(ii) Use good engineering judgment to zero your instrument and
correct for drift. You do not need to follow the specific procedures in
Sec. Sec. 1065.530 and 1065.550(b) that would otherwise apply. For
example, you may perform a span gas measurement before and after sample
analysis without zeroing and use the average area counts of the pre-span
and post-span measurements to generate a response factor (area counts/
span gas concentration), which you then multiply by the area counts from
your sample to generate the sample concentration.
(c) Interference verification. Perform interference verification for
NDIR, FTIR, laser infrared analyzers, and photoacoustic analyzers using
the procedures of Sec. 1065.375. Interference verification is not
required for GC-ECD. Certain interference gases can positively interfere
with NDIR, FTIR, and photoacoustic analyzers by causing a response
similar to N2O. When running the interference verification
for these analyzers, use interference gases as follows:
(1) The interference gases for NDIR analyzers are CO,
CO2, H2O, CH4, and SO2. Note
that interference species, with the exception of H2O, are
dependent on the N2O infrared absorption band chosen by the
instrument manufacturer. For each analyzer determine the N2O
infrared absorption band. For each N2O infrared absorption
band, use good engineering judgment to determine which interference
gases to use in the verification.
(2) Use good engineering judgment to determine interference gases
for FTIR, and laser infrared analyzers. Note that interference species,
with the exception of H2O, are dependent on the
N2O infrared absorption band chosen by the instrument
manufacturer. For each analyzer determine the N2O infrared
absorption band. For each N2O infrared absorption band, use
good engineering judgment to determine interference gases to use in the
verification.
(3) The interference gases for photoacoustic analyzers are CO,
CO2, and H2O.

[74 FR 56512, Oct. 30, 2009, as amended at 76 FR 57443, Sept. 15, 2011]

O2 Measurements

Sec. 1065.280 Paramagnetic and magnetopneumatic O[bdi2] detection analyzers.

(a) Application. You may use a paramagnetic detection (PMD) or
magnetopneumatic detection (MPD) analyzer to measure O2
concentration in raw or diluted exhaust for batch or continuous
sampling. You may use O2 measurements with intake air or fuel
flow measurements to calculate exhaust flow rate according to Sec.
1065.650.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a PMD or MPD
analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205.
Note that it must meet the linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307. You
may use a PMD or MPD that has compensation algorithms that are functions
of other gaseous measurements and the engine's known or assumed fuel
properties. The target value for any compensation algorithm is 0% (that
is, no bias high and no bias low), regardless of the uncompensated
signal's bias.

[73 FR 37300, June 30, 2008, as amended at 76 FR 57443, Sept. 15, 2011]

[[Page 711]]

Air-to-Fuel Ratio Measurements

Sec. 1065.284 Zirconia (ZrO[bdi2]) analyzer.

(a) Application. You may use a zirconia (ZrO2) analyzer
to measure air-to-fuel ratio in raw exhaust for continuous sampling. You
may use O2 measurements with intake air or fuel flow
measurements to calculate exhaust flow rate according to Sec. 1065.650.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a
ZrO2 analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of
Sec. 1065.205. Note that your ZrO2-based system must meet
the linearity verification in Sec. 1065.307. You may use a Zirconia
analyzer that has compensation algorithms that are functions of other
gaseous measurements and the engine's known or assumed fuel properties.
The target value for any compensation algorithm is 0% (that is, no bias
high and no bias low), regardless of the uncompensated signal's bias.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 76 FR 57443, Sept. 15, 2011]

PM Measurements

Sec. 1065.290 PM gravimetric balance.

(a) Application. Use a balance to weigh net PM on a sample medium
for laboratory testing.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a balance that
meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205. Note that your
balance-based system must meet the linearity verification in Sec.
1065.307. If the balance uses internal calibration weights for routine
spanning and the weights do not meet the specifications in Sec.
1065.790, the weights must be verified independently with external
calibration weights meeting the requirements of Sec. 1065.790. While
you may also use an inertial balance to measure PM, as described in
Sec. 1065.295, use a reference procedure based on a gravimetric balance
for comparison with any proposed alternate measurement procedure under
Sec. 1065.10.
(c) Pan design. We recommend that you use a balance pan designed to
minimize corner loading of the balance, as follows:
(1) Use a pan that centers the PM sample media (such as a filter) on
the weighing pan. For example, use a pan in the shape of a cross that
has upswept tips that center the PM sample media on the pan.
(2) Use a pan that positions the PM sample as low as possible.
(d) Balance configuration. Configure the balance for optimum
settling time and stability at your location.

[73 FR 37300, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 68462, Nov. 8, 2010]

Sec. 1065.295 PM inertial balance for field-testing analysis.

(a) Application. You may use an inertial balance to quantify net PM
on a sample medium for field testing.
(b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a balance that
meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205. Note that your
balance-based system must meet the linearity verification in Sec.
1065.307. If the balance uses an internal calibration process for
routine spanning and linearity verifications, the process must be NIST-
traceable. You may use an inertial PM balance that has compensation
algorithms that are functions of other gaseous measurements and the
engine's known or assumed fuel properties. The target value for any
compensation algorithm is 0% (that is, no bias high and no bias low),
regardless of the uncompensated signal's bias.
(c) Loss correction. You may use PM loss corrections to account for
PM loss in the inertial balance, including the sample handling system.
(d) Deposition. You may use electrostatic deposition to collect PM
as long as its collection efficiency is at least 95%.

[73 FR 59259, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 68462, Nov. 8, 2010; 76
FR 57443, Sept. 15, 2011]

Subpart D_Calibrations and Verifications

Sec. 1065.301 Overview and general provisions.

(a) This subpart describes required and recommended calibrations and
verifications of measurement systems. See subpart C of this part for
specifications that apply to individual instruments.
(b) You must generally use complete measurement systems when
performing

[[Page 712]]

calibrations or verifications in this subpart. For example, this would
generally involve evaluating instruments based on values recorded with
the complete system you use for recording test data, including analog-
to-digital converters. For some calibrations and verifications, we may
specify that you disconnect part of the measurement system to introduce
a simulated signal.
(c) If we do not specify a calibration or verification for a portion
of a measurement system, calibrate that portion of your system and
verify its performance at a frequency consistent with any
recommendations from the measurement-system manufacturer, consistent
with good engineering judgment.
(d) Use NIST-traceable standards to the tolerances we specify for
calibrations and verifications. Where we specify the need to use NIST-
traceable standards, you may alternatively ask for our approval to use
international standards that are not NIST-traceable.

Sec. 1065.303 Summary of required calibration and verifications.

The following table summarizes the required and recommended
calibrations and verifications described in this subpart and indicates
when these have to be performed:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.303--Summary of Required Calibration and
Verifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type of calibration or
verification Minimum frequency \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 1065.305: Accuracy, Accuracy: Not required, but recommended
repeatability and noise. for initial installation.
Repeatability: Not required, but
recommended for initial installation.
Noise: Not required, but recommended for
initial installation.
Sec. 1065.307: Linearity Speed: Upon initial installation, within
verification. 370 days before testing and after major
maintenance.
Torque: Upon initial installation, within
370 days before testing and after major
maintenance.
Electrical power: Upon initial
installation, within 370 days before
testing and after major maintenance.
Fuel flow rate: Upon initial
installation, within 370 days before
testing, and after major maintenance.
Intake-air, dilution air, diluted
exhaust, and batch sampler flow rates:
Upon initial installation, within 370
days before testing and after major
maintenance, unless flow is verified by
propane check or by carbon or oxygen
balance.
Raw exhaust flow rate: Upon initial
installation, within 185 days before
testing and after major maintenance,
unless flow is verified by propane check
or by carbon or oxygen balance.
Gas dividers: Upon initial installation,
within 370 days before testing, and
after major maintenance.
Gas analyzers (unless otherwise noted):
Upon initial installation, within 35
days before testing and after major
maintenance.
FTIR and photoacoustic analyzers: Upon
initial installation, within 370 days
before testing and after major
maintenance.
GC-ECD: Upon initial installation and
after major maintenance.
PM balance: Upon initial installation,
within 370 days before testing and after
major maintenance.
Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint: Upon
initial installation, within 370 days
before testing and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1065.308: Continuous Upon initial installation or after system
gas analyzer system response modification that would affect response.
and updating-recording
verification--for gas
analyzers not continuously
compensated for other gas
species.
Sec. 1065.309: Continuous Upon initial installation or after system
gas analyzer system-response modification that would affect response.
and updating-recording
verification--for gas
analyzers continuously
compensated for other gas
species.
Sec. 1065.310: Torque...... Upon initial installation and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1065.315: Pressure, Upon initial installation and after major
temperature, dewpoint. maintenance.
Sec. 1065.320: Fuel flow... Upon initial installation and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1065.325: Intake flow. Upon initial installation and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1065.330: Exhaust flow Upon initial installation and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1065.340: Diluted Upon initial installation and after major
exhaust flow (CVS). maintenance.
Sec. 1065.341: CVS and Upon initial installation, within 35 days
batch sampler verification before testing, and after major
\b\. maintenance.
Sec. 1065.342 Sample dryer For thermal chillers: upon installation
verification. and after major maintenance.

[[Page 713]]

For osmotic membranes; upon installation,
within 35 days of testing, and after
major maintenance.
Sec. 1065.345: Vacuum leak. For laboratory testing: upon initial
installation of the sampling system,
within 8 hours before the start of the
first test interval of each duty-cycle
sequence, and after maintenance such as
pre-filter changes.
For field testing: after each
installation of the sampling system on
the vehicle, prior to the start of the
field test, and after maintenance such
as pre-filter changes.
Sec. 1065.350: CO2 NDIR H2O Upon initial installation and after major
interference. maintenance.
Sec. 1065.355: CO NDIR CO2 Upon initial installation and after major
and H2O interference. maintenance.
Sec. 1065.360: FID Calibrate all FID analyzers: upon initial
calibrationn. installation and after major
maintenance.
THC FID optimization, and THC Optimize and determine CH4 response for
FID verification. THC FID analyzers: upon initial
installation and after major
maintenance.
Verify CH4 response for THC FID
analyzers: upon initial installation,
within 185 days before testing, and
after major maintenance.
Sec. 1065.362: Raw exhaust For all FID analyzers: upon initial
FID O2 interference. installation, and after major
maintenance.
For THC FID analyzers: upon initial
installation, after major maintenance,
and after FID optimization according to
Sec. 1065.360.
Sec. 1065.365: Nonmethane Upon initial installation, within 185
cutter penetration. days before testing, and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1065.370: CLD CO2 and Upon initial installation and after major
H2O quench. maintenance.
Sec. 1065.372: NDUV HC and Upon initial installation and after major
H2O interference. maintenance.
Sec. 1065.375: N2O analyzer Upon initial installation and after major
interference. maintenance.
Sec. 1065.376: Chiller NO2 Upon initial installation and after major
penetration. maintenance.
Sec. 1065.378: NO2-to-NO Upon initial installation, within 35 days
converter conversion. before testing, and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1065.390: PM balance Independent verification: upon initial
and weighing. installation, within 370 days before
testing, and after major maintenance.
Zero, span, and reference sample
verifications: within 12 hours of
weighing, and after major maintenance.
Sec. 1065.395: Inertial PM Independent verification: upon initial
balance and weighing. installation, within 370 days before
testing, and after major maintenance.
Other verifications: upon initial
installation and after major
maintenance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Perform calibrations and verifications more frequently, according to
measurement system manufacturer instructions and good engineering
judgment.
\b\ The CVS verification described in Sec. 1065.341 is not required
for systems that agree within 2% based on a
chemical balance of carbon or oxygen of the intake air, fuel, and
diluted exhaust.

[76 FR 57444, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.305 Verifications for accuracy, repeatability, and noise.

(a) This section describes how to determine the accuracy,
repeatability, and noise of an instrument. Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205
specifies recommended values for individual instruments.
(b) We do not require you to verify instrument accuracy,
repeatability, or noise.
However, it may be useful to consider these verifications to define
a specification for a new instrument, to verify the performance of a new
instrument upon delivery, or to troubleshoot an existing instrument.
(c) In this section we use the letter ``y'' to denote a generic
measured quantity, the superscript over-bar to denote an arithmetic mean
(such as y), and the subscript ``ref'' to denote the reference quantity
being measured.
(d) Conduct these verifications as follows:
(1) Prepare an instrument so it operates at its specified
temperatures, pressures, and flows. Perform any instrument linearization
or calibration procedures prescribed by the instrument manufacturer.
(2) Zero the instrument as you would before an emission test by
introducing a zero signal. Depending on the instrument, this may be a
zero-concentration gas, a reference signal, a set of reference
thermodynamic conditions, or some combination of these. For gas
analyzers, use a zero gas that meets the specifications of Sec.
1065.750.
(3) Span the instrument as you would before an emission test by
introducing

[[Page 714]]

a span signal. Depending on the instrument, this may be a span-
concentration gas, a reference signal, a set of reference thermodynamic
conditions, or some combination of these. For gas analyzers, use a span
gas that meets the specifications of Sec. 1065.750.
(4) Use the instrument to quantify a NIST-traceable reference
quantity, yref. For gas analyzers the reference gas must meet
the specifications of Sec. 1065.750. Select a reference quantity near
the mean value expected during testing. For all gas analyzers, use a
quantity near the flow-weighted mean concentration expected at the
standard or expected during testing, whichever is greater. For noise
verification, use the same zero gas from paragraph (d)(2) of this
section as the reference quantity. In all cases, allow time for the
instrument to stabilize while it measures the reference quantity.
Stabilization time may include time to purge an instrument and time to
account for its response.
(5) Sample and record values for 30 seconds (you may select a longer
sampling period if the recording update frequency is less than 0.5 Hz),
record the arithmetic mean, yi and record the standard
deviation, [sigma]i of the recorded values. Refer to Sec.
1065.602 for an example of calculating arithmetic mean and standard
deviation.
(6) Also, if the reference quantity is not absolutely constant,
which might be the case with a reference flow, sample and record values
of yrefi for 30 seconds and record the arithmetic mean of the
values, yref. Refer to Sec. 1065.602 for an example of calculating
arithmetic mean.
(7) Subtract the reference value, yref (or
yrefi), from the arithmetic mean, yi. Record this
value as the error, [epsi]i.
(8) Repeat the steps specified in paragraphs (d)(2) through (7) of
this section until you have ten arithmetic means (y1,
y2, yi, ...y10), ten standard
deviations, ([sigma]1, [sigma]2,
[sigma]i,...[sigma]10), and ten errors
([epsi]1, [epsi]2,
[epsi]i,...[epsi]10).
(9) Use the following values to quantify your measurements:
(i) Accuracy. Instrument accuracy is the absolute difference between
the reference quantity, yref (or yref), and the arithmetic mean of the
ten yi, y values. Refer to the example of an accuracy calculation in
Sec. 1065.602. We recommend that instrument accuracy be within the
specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205.
(ii) Repeatability. Repeatability is two times the standard
deviation of the ten errors (that is, repeatability = 2 [middot]
[sigma][epsi]). Refer to the example of a standard-deviation calculation
in Sec. 1065.602. We recommend that instrument repeatability be within
the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205.
(iii) Noise. Noise is two times the root-mean-square of the ten
standard deviations (that is, noise = 2[middot]rms[sigma]) when the
reference signal is a zero-quantity signal. Refer to the example of a
root-mean-square calculation in Sec. 1065.602. We recommend that
instrument noise be within the specifications in Table 1 of Sec.
1065.205.
(10) You may use a measurement instrument that does not meet the
accuracy, repeatability, or noise specifications in Table 1 of Sec.
1065.205, as long as you meet the following criteria:
(i) Your measurement systems meet all the other required
calibration, verification, and validation specifications in subparts D,
F, and J of this part, as applicable.
(ii) The measurement deficiency does not adversely affect your
ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37301, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 23037, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.307 Linearity verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. Perform a linearity verification on each
measurement system listed in Table 1 of this section at least as
frequently as indicated in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.303, consistent with
measurement system manufacturer recommendations and good engineering
judgment. Note that this linearity verification may replace requirements
we previously referred to as ``calibrations''. The intent of a linearity
verification is to determine that a measurement system responds
proportionally over the measurement range of interest. A linearity
verification generally consists of introducing a series of at least 10
reference values to a measurement system. The measurement system
quantifies each

[[Page 715]]

reference value. The measured values are then collectively compared to
the reference values by using a least squares linear regression and the
linearity criteria specified in Table 1 of this section.
(b) Performance requirements. If a measurement system does not meet
the applicable linearity criteria in Table 1 of this section, correct
the deficiency by re-calibrating, servicing, or replacing components as
needed. Repeat the linearity verification after correcting the
deficiency to ensure that the measurement system meets the linearity
criteria. Before you may use a measurement system that does not meet
linearity criteria, you must demonstrate to us that the deficiency does
not adversely affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable standards.
(c) Procedure. Use the following linearity verification protocol, or
use good engineering judgment to develop a different protocol that
satisfies the intent of this section, as described in paragraph (a) of
this section:
(1) In this paragraph (c), we use the letter ``y'' to denote a
generic measured quantity, the superscript over-bar to denote an
arithmetic mean (such as y), and the subscript ``ref'' to denote the
known or reference quantity being measured.
(2) Operate a measurement system at its specified temperatures,
pressures, and flows. This may include any specified adjustment or
periodic calibration of the measurement system.
(3) Zero the instrument as you would before an emission test by
introducing a zero signal. Depending on the instrument, this may be a
zero-concentration gas, a reference signal, a set of reference
thermodynamic conditions, or some combination of these. For gas
analyzers, use a zero gas that meets the specifications of Sec.
1065.750 and introduce it directly at the analyzer port.
(4) Span the instrument as you would before an emission test by
introducing a span signal. Depending on the instrument, this may be a
span-concentration gas, a reference signal, a set of reference
thermodynamic conditions, or some combination of these. For gas
analyzers, use a span gas that meets the specifications of Sec.
1065.750 and introduce it directly at the analyzer port.
(5) After spanning the instrument, check zero with the same signal
you used in paragraph (c)(3) of this section. Based on the zero reading,
use good engineering judgment to determine whether or not to rezero and
or re-span the instrument before proceeding to the next step.
(6) For all measured quantities, use instrument manufacturer
recommendations and good engineering judgment to select reference
values, yrefi, that cover a range of values that you expect
would prevent extrapolation beyond these values during emission testing.
We recommend selecting a zero reference signal as one of the reference
values of the linearity verification. For pressure, temperature,
dewpoint, and GC-ECD linearity verifications, we recommend at least
three reference values. For all other linearity verifications select at
least ten reference values.
(7) Use instrument manufacturer recommendations and good engineering
judgment to select the order in which you will introduce the series of
reference values. For example you may select the reference values
randomly to avoid correlation with previous measurements, you may select
reference values in ascending or descending order to avoid long settling
times of reference signals, or as another example you may select values
to ascend and then descend which might incorporate the effects of any
instrument hysteresis into the linearity verification.
(8) Generate reference quantities as described in paragraph (d) of
this section. For gas analyzers, use gas concentrations known to be
within the specifications of Sec. 1065.750 and introduce them directly
at the analyzer port.
(9) Introduce a reference signal to the measurement instrument.
(10) Allow time for the instrument to stabilize while it measures
the reference value. Stabilization time may include time to purge an
instrument and time to account for its response.
(11) At a recording frequency of at least f Hz, specified in Table 1
of

[[Page 716]]

Sec. 1065.205, measure the reference value for 30 seconds (you may
select a longer sampling period if the recording update frequency is
less than 0.5 Hz) and record the arithmetic mean of the recorded values,
yi. Refer to Sec. 1065.602 for an example of calculating an
arithmetic mean.
(12) Repeat steps in paragraphs (c)(9) through (11) of this section
until all reference quantities are measured.
(13) Use the arithmetic means, yi, and reference values,
yrefi, to calculate least-squares linear regression
parameters and statistical values to compare to the minimum performance
criteria specified in Table 1 of this section. Use the calculations
described in Sec. 1065.602. Using good engineering judgment, you may
weight the results of individual data pairs (i.e., (yrefi,
yi)), in the linear regression calculations.
(d) Reference signals. This paragraph (d) describes recommended
methods for generating reference values for the linearity-verification
protocol in paragraph (c) of this section. Use reference values that
simulate actual values, or introduce an actual value and measure it with
a reference-measurement system. In the latter case, the reference value
is the value reported by the reference-measurement system. Reference
values and reference-measurement systems must be NIST-traceable. We
recommend using calibration reference quantities that are NIST-traceable
within 0.5% uncertainty, if not specified otherwise in other sections of
this part 1065. Use the following recommended methods to generate
reference values or use good engineering judgment to select a different
reference:
(1) Speed. Run the engine or dynamometer at a series of steady-state
speeds and use a strobe, a photo tachometer, or a laser tachometer to
record reference speeds.
(2) Torque. Use a series of calibration weights and a calibration
lever arm to simulate engine torque. You may instead use the engine or
dynamometer itself to generate a nominal torque that is measured by a
reference load cell or proving ring in series with the torque-
measurement system. In this case use the reference load cell measurement
as the reference value. Refer to Sec. 1065.310 for a torque-calibration
procedure similar to the linearity verification in this section.
(3) Electrical power. Use a controlled source of current and a watt-
hour standard reference meter. Complete calibration systems that contain
a current source and a reference watt-hour meter are commonly used in
the electrical power distribution industry and are therefore
commercially available.
(4) Fuel rate. Operate the engine at a series of constant fuel-flow
rates or re-circulate fuel back to a tank through the fuel flow meter at
different flow rates. Use a gravimetric reference measurement (such as a
scale, balance, or mass comparator) at the inlet to the fuel-measurement
system. Use a stopwatch or timer to measure the time intervals over
which reference masses of fuel are introduced to the fuel measurement
system. The reference fuel mass divided by the time interval is the
reference fuel flow rate.
(5) Flow rates--inlet air, dilution air, diluted exhaust, raw
exhaust, or sample flow. Use a reference flow meter with a blower or
pump to simulate flow rates. Use a restrictor, diverter valve, a
variable-speed blower or a variable-speed pump to control the range of
flow rates. Use the reference meter's response as the reference values.
(i) Reference flow meters. Because the flow range requirements for
these various flows are large, we allow a variety of reference meters.
For example, for diluted exhaust flow for a full-flow dilution system,
we recommend a reference subsonic venturi flow meter with a restrictor
valve and a blower to simulate flow rates. For inlet air, dilution air,
diluted exhaust for partial-flow dilution, raw exhaust, or sample flow,
we allow reference meters such as critical flow orifices, critical flow
venturis, laminar flow elements, master mass flow standards, or Roots
meters. Make sure the reference meter is calibrated by the flow-meter
manufacturer and its calibration is NIST-traceable. If you use the
difference of two flow measurements to determine a net flow rate, you
may use one of the measurements as a reference for the other.

[[Page 717]]

(ii) Reference flow values. Because the reference flow is not
absolutely constant, sample and record values of nrefi for 30
seconds and use the arithmetic mean of the values, nref, as
the reference value. Refer to Sec. 1065.602 for an example of
calculating arithmetic mean.
(6) Gas division. Use one of the two reference signals:
(i) At the outlet of the gas-division system, connect a gas analyzer
that meets the linearity verification described in this section and has
not been linearized with the gas divider being verified. For example,
verify the linearity of an analyzer using a series of reference
analytical gases directly from compressed gas cylinders that meet the
specifications of Sec. 1065.750. We recommend using a FID analyzer or a
PMD or MPD O2 analyzer because of their inherent linearity.
Operate this analyzer consistent with how you would operate it during an
emission test. Connect a span gas to the gas-divider inlet. Use the gas-
division system to divide the span gas with purified air or nitrogen.
Select gas divisions that you typically use. Use a selected gas division
as the measured value. Use the analyzer response divided by the span gas
concentration as the reference gas-division value. Because the
instrument response is not absolutely constant, sample and record values
of xrefi for 30 seconds and use the arithmetic mean of the
values, xref, as the reference value. Refer to Sec. 1065.602
for an example of calculating arithmetic mean.
(ii) Using good engineering judgment and gas divider manufacturer
recommendations, use one or more reference flow meters to measure the
flow rates of the gas divider and verify the gas-division value.
(7) Continuous constituent concentration. For reference values, use
a series of gas cylinders of known gas concentration or use a gas-
division system that is known to be linear with a span gas. Gas
cylinders, gas-division systems, and span gases that you use for
reference values must meet the specifications of Sec. 1065.750.
(8) Temperature. You may perform the linearity verification for
temperature measurement systems with thermocouples, RTDs, and
thermistors by removing the sensor from the system and using a simulator
in its place. Use a NIST-traceable simulator that is independently
calibrated and, as appropriate, cold-junction compensated. The simulator
uncertainty scaled to temperature must be less than 0.5% of
Tmax. If you use this option, you must use sensors that the
supplier states are accurate to better than 0.5% of Tmax
compared with their standard calibration curve.
(9) Mass. For linearity verification for gravimetric PM balances,
use external calibration weights that that meet the requirements in
Sec. 1065.790.
(e) Measurement systems that require linearity verification. Table 1
of this section indicates measurement systems that require linearity
verifications, subject to the following provisions:
(1) Perform a linearity verification more frequently based on the
instrument manufacturer's recommendation or good engineering judgment.
(2) The expression ``xmin'' refers to the reference value
used during the linearity verification that is closest to zero. This is
the value used to calculate the first tolerance in Table 1 of this
section using the intercept, a0. Note that this value may be
zero, positive, or negative depending on the reference values. For
example, if the reference values chosen to validate a pressure
transducer vary from -10 to -1 kPa, xmin is -1 kPa. If the
reference values used to validate a temperature device vary from 290 to
390 K, xmin is 290 K.
(3) The expression ``max'' generally refers to the absolute value of
the reference value used during the linearity verification that is
furthest from zero. This is the value used to scale the first and third
tolerances in Table 1 of this section using a0 and SEE. For
example, if the reference values chosen to validate a pressure
transducer vary from -10 to -1 kPa, then pmax is +10 kPa. If
the reference values used to validate a temperature device vary from 290
to 390 K, then Tmax is 390 K. For gas dividers where ``max''
is expressed as, xmax/xspan; xmax is
the maximum gas concentration used during the verification,
xspan is the undivided, undiluted, span gas concentration,
and the resulting ratio is the maximum divider point reference value
used during the verification

[[Page 718]]

(typically 1). The following are special cases where ``max'' refers to a
different value:
(i) For linearity verification with a PM balance, mmax
refers to the typical mass of a PM filter.
(ii) For linearity verification of torque on the engine's primary
output shaft, Tmax refers to the manufacturer's specified
engine torque peak value of the lowest torque engine to be tested.
(4) The specified ranges are inclusive. For example, a specified
range of 0.98-1.02 for a1 means 0.98<=a1<=1.02.
(5) These linearity verifications are optional for systems that pass
the flow-rate verification for diluted exhaust as described in Sec.
1065.341 (the propane check) or for systems that agree within 2% based on a chemical balance of carbon or oxygen of
the intake air, fuel, and exhaust.
(6) You must meet the a1 criteria for these quantities
only if the absolute value of the quantity is required, as opposed to a
signal that is only linearly proportional to the actual value.
(7) Linearity checks are required for the following temperature
measurements:
(i) The following temperature measurements always require linearity
checks:
(A) Air intake.
(B) Aftertreatment bed(s), for engines tested with aftertreatment
devices subject to cold-start testing.
(C) Dilution air for PM sampling, including CVS, double-dilution,
and partial-flow systems.
(D) PM sample, if applicable.
(E) Chiller sample, for gaseous sampling systems that use thermal
chillers to dry samples and use chiller temperature to calculate the
dewpoint at the outlet of the chiller. For your testing, if you choose
to use a high alarm temperature setpoint for the chiller temperature as
a constant value in the amount of water calculations in Sec. 1065.645,
you may use good engineering judgment to verify the accuracy of the high
alarm temperature setpoint in lieu of the linearity verification on the
chiller temperature. We recommend that you input a reference simulated
temperature signal below the alarm trip point, increase this signal
until the high alarm trips, and verify that the alarm trip point value
is no less than 2.0 [deg]C below the reference value at the trip point.
(ii) Linearity checks are required for the following temperature
measurements if these temperature measurements are specified by the
engine manufacturer:
(A) Fuel inlet.
(B) Air outlet to the test cell's charge air cooler air outlet, for
engines tested with a laboratory heat exchanger that simulates an
installed charge air cooler.
(C) Coolant inlet to the test cell's charge air cooler, for engines
tested with a laboratory heat exchanger that simulates an installed
charge air cooler.
(D) Oil in the sump/pan.
(E) Coolant before the thermostat, for liquid-cooled engines.
(8) Linearity checks are required for the following pressure
measurements:
(i) The following pressure measurements always require linearity
checks:
(A) Air intake restriction.
(B) Exhaust back pressure.
(C) Barometer.
(D) CVS inlet gage pressure.
(E) Sample dryer, for gaseous sampling systems that use either
osmotic-membrane or thermal chillers to dry samples. For your testing,
if you choose to use a low alarm pressure setpoint for the sample dryer
pressure as a constant value in the amount of water calculations in
Sec. 1065.645, you may use good engineering judgment to verify the
accuracy of the low alarm pressure setpoint in lieu of the linearity
verification on the sample dryer pressure. We recommend that you input a
reference pressure signal above the alarm trip point, decrease this
signal until the low alarm trips, and verify that the trip point value
is no more than 4.0 kPa above the reference value at the trip point.
(ii) Linearity checks are required for the following pressure
measurements if these pressure measurements are specified by the engine
manufacturer:
(A) The test cell's charge air cooler and interconnecting pipe
pressure drop, for turbo-charged engines tested with a laboratory heat
exchanger that simulates an installed charge air cooler.
(B) Fuel outlet.

[[Page 719]]

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.307--Measurement Systems That Require Linearity Verifications
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Linearity criteria
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement system Quantity [verbarlm] xmin(a1-
1)+a0 [verbarlm] a1 SEE r\2\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed........................... [fnof]n <= 0.05% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
[fnof]nmax [fnof]nmax = 0.990
Torque.......................... T <= 1% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
Tmax. Tmax. = 0.990
Electrical power................ P <= 1% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
Pmax. Pmax. = 0.990
Fuel flow rate.................. mb <= 1% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
mbmax. mbmax = 0.990
Intake-air flow rate............ nb <= 1% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
nbmax. nbmax. = 0.990
Dilution air flow rate.......... nb <= 1% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
nbmax. nbmax. = 0.990
Diluted exhaust flow rate....... nb <= 1% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
nbmax. nbmax. = 0.990
Raw exhaust flow rate........... nb <= 1% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
nbmax. nbmax. = 0.990
Batch sampler flow rates........ nb <= 1% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
nbmax. nbmax. = 0.990
Gas dividers.................... x/xspan <= 0.5% [middot] 0.98-1.02 <= 2% [middot]
xmax/xspan xmax/xspan = 0.990
Gas analyzers for laboratory x <= 0.5% [middot] 0.99-1.01 <= 1% [middot]
testing. xbmax. xbmax. = 0.998
Gas analyzers for field testing. x <= 1% [middot] 0.99-1.01 <= 1% [middot]
xbmax. xbmax. = 0.998
PM balance...................... m <= 1% [middot] 0.99-1.01 <= 1% [middot]
mmax. mbmax. = 0.998
Pressures....................... p <= 1% [middot] 0.99-1.01 <= 1% [middot]
pbmax. pbmax. = 0.998
Dewpoint for intake air, PM- Tdew <= 0.5% [middot] 0.99-1.01 <= 0.5% [middot]
stabilization and balance Tdewmax Tdewmax = 0.998
environments.
Other dewpoint measurements..... Tdew <= 1% [middot] 0.99-1.01 <= 1% [middot]
Tdewmax Tdewmax = 0.998
Analog-to-digital conversion of T <= 1% [middot] 0.99-1.01 <= 1% [middot]
temperature signals. Tbmax Tmax = 0.998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37302, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59325, Oct. 8, 2008; 74 FR 56513, Oct. 30, 2009; 75 FR 23037, Apr.
30, 2010; 75 FR 68462, Nov. 8, 2010; 76 FR 57445, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.308 Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording

verification--for gas analyzers not continuously compensated for other gas

species.

(a) Scope and frequency. This section describes a verification
procedure for system response and updating-recording frequency for
continuous gas analyzers that output a gas species mole fraction (i.e.,
concentration) using a single gas detector, i.e., gas analyzers not
continuously compensated for other gas species measured with multiple
gas detectors. See Sec. 1065.309 for verification procedures that apply
to continuous gas analyzers that are continuously compensated for other
gas species measured with multiple gas detectors. Perform this
verification to determine the system response of the continuous gas
analyzer and its sampling system. This verification is required for
continuous gas analyzers used for transient or ramped-modal testing. You
need not perform this verification for batch gas analyzer systems or for
continuous gas analyzer systems that are used only for discrete-mode
testing. Perform this verification after initial installation (i.e.,
test cell commissioning) and after any modifications to the system that
would change system response. For example, perform this verification if
you add a significant volume to the transfer lines by increasing their
length or adding a filter; or if you reduce the frequency at which the
gas analyzer updates its output or the frequency at which you sample and
record gas-analyzer concentrations.
(b) Measurement principles. This test verifies that the updating and
recording frequencies match the overall system response to a rapid
change in the value of concentrations at the sample probe. Gas analyzers
and their sampling systems must be optimized such that their overall
response to a rapid change in concentration is updated and recorded at
an appropriate frequency to prevent loss of information. This test also
verifies that the measurement system meets a minimum response time. You
may use the results of this test to determine transformation time,
t50, for the purposes of time alignment of continuous data in
accordance with Sec. 1065.650(c)(2)(i). You may also use an alternate
procedure to determine t50 in accordance with good
engineering judgment. Note that any such procedure for determining
t50 must account for both transport delay and analyzer
response time.

[[Page 720]]

(c) System requirements. Demonstrate that each continuous analyzer
has adequate update and recording frequencies and has a minimum rise
time and a minimum fall time during a rapid change in gas concentration.
You must meet one of the following criteria:
(1) The product of the mean rise time, t10-90, and the
frequency at which the system records an updated concentration must be
at least 5, and the product of the mean fall time, t90-10,
and the frequency at which the system records an updated concentration
must be at least 5. If the recording frequency is different than the
analyzer's output update frequency, you must use the lower of these two
frequencies for this verification, which is referred to as the updating-
recording frequency. This verification applies to the nominal updating
and recording frequencies. This criterion makes no assumption regarding
the frequency content of changes in emission concentrations during
emission testing; therefore, it is valid for any testing. Also, the mean
rise time must be at or below 10 seconds and the mean fall time must be
at or below 10 seconds.
(2) The frequency at which the system records an updated
concentration must be at least 5 Hz. This criterion assumes that the
frequency content of significant changes in emission concentrations
during emission testing do not exceed 1 Hz. Also, the mean rise time
must be at or below 10 seconds and the mean fall time must be at or
below 10 seconds.
(3) You may use other criteria if we approve the criteria in
advance.
(4) You may meet the overall PEMS verification in Sec. 1065.920
instead of the verification in this section for field testing with PEMS.
(d) Procedure. Use the following procedure to verify the response of
each continuous gas analyzer:
(1) Instrument setup. Follow the analyzer manufacturer's start-up
and operating instructions. Adjust the measurement system as needed to
optimize performance. Run this verification with the analyzer operating
in the same manner you will use for emission testing. If the analyzer
shares its sampling system with other analyzers, and if gas flow to the
other analyzers will affect the system response time, then start up and
operate the other analyzers while running this verification test. You
may run this verification test on multiple analyzers sharing the same
sampling system at the same time. If you use any analog or real-time
digital filters during emission testing, you must operate those filters
in the same manner during this verification.
(2) Equipment setup. We recommend using minimal lengths of gas
transfer lines between all connections and fast-acting three-way valves
(2 inlets, 1 outlet) to control the flow of zero and blended span gases
to the sample system's probe inlet or a tee near the outlet of the
probe. Normally the gas flow rate is higher than the probe sample flow
rate and the excess is overflowed out the inlet of the probe. If the gas
flow rate is lower than the probe flow rate, the gas concentrations must
be adjusted to account for the dilution from ambient air drawn into the
probe. Select span gases for the species being measured. You may use
binary or multi-gas span gases. You may use a gas blending or mixing
device to blend span gases. A gas blending or mixing device is
recommended when blending span gases diluted in N2 with span
gases diluted in air. You may use a multi-gas span gas, such as NO-CO-
CO2-C3H8-CH4, to verify
multiple analyzers at the same time. If you use standard binary span
gases, you must run separate response tests for each analyzer. In
designing your experimental setup, avoid pressure pulsations due to
stopping the flow through the gas-blending device.
(3) Data collection. (i) Start the flow of zero gas.
(ii) Allow for stabilization, accounting for transport delays and
the slowest analyzer's full response.
(iii) Start recording data. For this verification you must record
data at a frequency greater than or equal to that of the updating-
recording frequency used during emission testing. You may not use
interpolation or filtering to alter the recorded values.
(iv) Switch the flow to allow the blended span gases to flow to the
analyzer. If you intend to use the data from this test to determine
t50 for time alignment, record this time as t0.

[[Page 721]]

(v) Allow for transport delays and the slowest analyzer's full
response.
(vi) Switch the flow to allow zero gas to flow to the analyzer. If
you intend to use the data from this test to determine t50
for time alignment, record this time as t100.
(vii) Allow for transport delays and the slowest analyzer's full
response.
(viii) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (d)(3)(iv) through (vii) of
this section to record seven full cycles, ending with zero gas flowing
to the analyzers.
(ix) Stop recording.
(e) Performance evaluation. (1) If you choose to demonstrate
compliance with paragraph (c)(1) of this section, use the data from
paragraph (d)(3) of this section to calculate the mean rise time,
t10-90, and mean fall time, t90-10, for each of
the analyzers being verified. You may use interpolation between recorded
values to determine rise and fall times. If the recording frequency used
during emission testing is different from the analyzer's output update
frequency, you must use the lower of these two frequencies for this
verification. Multiply these times (in seconds) by their respective
updating-recording frequencies in Hertz (1/second). The resulting
product must be at least 5 for both rise time and fall time. If either
value is less than 5, increase the updating-recording frequency, or
adjust the flows or design of the sampling system to increase the rise
time and fall time as needed. You may also configure analog or digital
filters before recording to increase rise and fall times. In no case may
the mean rise time or mean fall time be greater than 10 seconds.
(2) If a measurement system fails the criterion in paragraph (e)(1)
of this section, ensure that signals from the system are updated and
recorded at a frequency of at least 5 Hz. In no case may the mean rise
time or mean fall time be greater than 10 seconds.
(3) If a measurement system fails the criteria in paragraphs (e)(1)
and (2) of this section, you may use the measurement system only if the
deficiency does not adversely affect your ability to show compliance
with the applicable standards.
(f) Transformation time, t50, determination. If you
choose to determine t50 for purposes of time alignment using
data generated in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, calculate the mean
t0-50 and the mean t100-50 from the recorded data.
Average these two values to determine the final t50 for the
purposes of time alignment in accordance with Sec. 1065.650(c)(2)(i).

[73 FR 59325, Oct. 8, 2008]

Sec. 1065.309 Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording

verification--for gas analyzers continuously compensated for other gas

species.

(a) Scope and frequency. This section describes a verification
procedure for system response and updating-recording frequency for
continuous gas analyzers that output a single gas species mole fraction
(i.e., concentration) based on a continuous combination of multiple gas
species measured with multiple detectors (i.e., gas analyzers
continuously compensated for other gas species). See Sec. 1065.308 for
verification procedures that apply to continuous gas analyzers that are
not continuously compensated for other gas species or that use only one
detector for gaseous species. Perform this verification to determine the
system response of the continuous gas analyzer and its sampling system.
This verification is required for continuous gas analyzers used for
transient or ramped-modal testing. You need not perform this
verification for batch gas analyzers or for continuous gas analyzers
that are used only for discrete-mode testing. For this check we consider
water vapor a gaseous constituent. This verification does not apply to
any processing of individual analyzer signals that are time aligned to
their t50 times and were verified according to Sec.
1065.308. For example, this verification does not apply to correction
for water removed from the sample done in post-processing according to
Sec. 1065.659 and it does not apply to NMHC determination from THC and
CH4 according to Sec. 1065.660. Perform this verification
after initial installation (i.e., test cell commissioning) and after any
modifications to the system that would change the system response.

[[Page 722]]

(b) Measurement principles. This procedure verifies that the
updating and recording frequencies match the overall system response to
a rapid change in the value of concentrations at the sample probe. It
indirectly verifies the time-alignment and uniform response of all the
continuous gas detectors used to generate a continuously combined/
compensated concentration measurement signal. Gas analyzer systems must
be optimized such that their overall response to rapid change in
concentration is updated and recorded at an appropriate frequency to
prevent loss of information. This test also verifies that the
measurement system meets a minimum response time. For this procedure,
ensure that all compensation algorithms and humidity corrections are
turned on. You may use the results of this test to determine
transformation time, t50, for the purposes of time alignment
of continuous data in accordance with Sec. 1065.650(c)(2)(i). You may
also use an alternate procedure to determine t50 consistent
with good engineering judgment. Note that any such procedure for
determining t50 must account for both transport delay and
analyzer response time.
(c) System requirements. Demonstrate that each continuously
combined/compensated concentration measurement has adequate updating and
recording frequencies and has a minimum rise time and a minimum fall
time during a system response to a rapid change in multiple gas
concentrations, including H2O concentration if H2O
compensation is applied. You must meet one of the following criteria:
(1) The product of the mean rise time, t10-90, and the
frequency at which the system records an updated concentration must be
at least 5, and the product of the mean fall time, t90-10,
and the frequency at which the system records an updated concentration
must be at least 5. If the recording frequency is different than the
update frequency of the continuously combined/compensated signal, you
must use the lower of these two frequencies for this verification. This
criterion makes no assumption regarding the frequency content of changes
in emission concentrations during emission testing; therefore, it is
valid for any testing. Also, the mean rise time must be at or below 10
seconds and the mean fall time must be at or below 10 seconds.
(2) The frequency at which the system records an updated
concentration must be at least 5 Hz. This criterion assumes that the
frequency content of significant changes in emission concentrations
during emission testing do not exceed 1 Hz. Also, the mean rise time
must be at or below 10 seconds and the mean fall time must be at or
below 10 seconds.
(3) You may use other criteria if we approve them in advance.
(4) You may meet the overall PEMS verification in Sec. 1065.920
instead of the verification in this section for field testing with PEMS.
(d) Procedure. Use the following procedure to verify the response of
each continuously compensated analyzer (verify the combined signal, not
each individual continuously combined concentration signal):
(1) Instrument setup. Follow the analyzer manufacturer's start-up
and operating instructions. Adjust the measurement system as needed to
optimize performance. Run this verification with the analyzer operating
in the same manner you will use for emission testing. If the analyzer
shares its sampling system with other analyzers, and if gas flow to the
other analyzers will affect the system response time, then start up and
operate the other analyzers while running this verification test. You
may run this verification test on multiple analyzers sharing the same
sampling system at the same time. If you use any analog or real-time
digital filters during emission testing, you must operate those filters
in the same manner during this verification.
(2) Equipment setup. We recommend using minimal lengths of gas
transfer lines between all connections and fast-acting three-way valves
(2 inlets, 1 outlet) to control the flow of zero and blended span gases
to the sample system's probe inlet or a tee near the outlet of the
probe. Normally the gas flow rate is higher than the probe sample flow
rate and the excess is overflowed out the inlet of the probe. If the gas
flow rate is lower than the probe flow rate, the gas concentrations must
be

[[Page 723]]

adjusted to account for the dilution from ambient air drawn into the
probe. Select span gases for the species being continuously combined,
other than H2O. Select concentrations of compensating species
that will yield concentrations of these species at the analyzer inlet
that covers the range of concentrations expected during testing. You may
use binary or multi-gas span gases. You may use a gas blending or mixing
device to blend span gases. A gas blending or mixing device is
recommended when blending span gases diluted in N2 with span
gases diluted in air. You may use a multi-gas span gas, such as NO-CO-
CO2-C3H8-CH4, to verify
multiple analyzers at the same time. In designing your experimental
setup, avoid pressure pulsations due to stopping the flow through the
gas blending device. If H2O correction is applicable, then
span gases must be humidified before entering the analyzer; however, you
may not humidify NO2 span gas by passing it through a sealed
humidification vessel that contains water. You must humidify
NO2 span gas with another moist gas stream. We recommend
humidifying your NO-CO-CO2-C3H8-
CH4, balance N2 blended gas by flowing the gas
mixture through a sealed vessel that humidifies the gas by bubbling it
through distilled water and then mixing the gas with dry NO2
gas, balance purified synthetic air. If your system does not use a
sample dryer to remove water from the sample gas, you must humidify your
span gas to the highest sample H2O content that you estimate
during emission sampling. If your system uses a sample dryer during
testing, it must pass the sample dryer verification check in Sec.
1065.342, and you must humidify your span gas to an H2O
content greater than or equal to the level determined in Sec.
1065.145(e)(2). If you are humidifying span gases without
NO2, use good engineering judgment to ensure that the wall
temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from the
humidifying system to the probe are above the dewpoint required for the
target H2O content. If you are humidifying span gases with
NO2, use good engineering judgment to ensure that there is no
condensation in the transfer lines, fittings, or valves from the point
where humidified gas is mixed with NO2 span gas to the probe.
We recommend that you design your setup so that the wall temperatures in
the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from the humidifying system to
the probe are at least 5 [deg]C above the local sample gas dewpoint.
Operate the measurement and sample handling system as you do for
emission testing. Make no modifications to the sample handling system to
reduce the risk of condensation. Flow humidified gas through the
sampling system before this check to allow stabilization of the
measurement system's sampling handling system to occur, as it would for
an emission test.
(3) Data collection. (i) Start the flow of zero gas.
(ii) Allow for stabilization, accounting for transport delays and
the slowest analyzer's full response.
(iii) Start recording data. For this verification you must record
data at a frequency greater than or equal to that of the updating-
recording frequency used during emission testing. You may not use
interpolation or filtering to alter the recorded values.
(iv) Switch the flow to allow the blended span gases to flow to the
analyzer. If you intend to use the data from this test to determine
t50 for time alignment, record this time as t0.
(v) Allow for transport delays and the slowest analyzer's full
response.
(vi) Switch the flow to allow zero gas to flow to the analyzer. If
you intend to use the data from this test to determine t50
for time alignment, record this time as t100.
(vii) Allow for transport delays and the slowest analyzer's full
response.
(viii) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (d)(3)(iv) through (vii) of
this section to record seven full cycles, ending with zero gas flowing
to the analyzers.
(ix) Stop recording.
(e) Performance evaluations. (1) If you choose to demonstrate
compliance with paragraph (c)(1) of this section, use the data from
paragraph (d)(3) of this section to calculate the mean rise time,
t10-90, and mean fall time, t90-10, for the
continuously combined signal from each analyzer being verified. You may
use interpolation between recorded values to determine rise and fall
times. If the recording frequency used

[[Page 724]]

during emission testing is different from the analyzer's output update
frequency, you must use the lower of these two frequencies for this
verification. Multiply these times (in seconds) by their respective
updating-recording frequencies in Hz (1/second). The resulting product
must be at least 5 for both rise time and fall time. If either value is
less than 5, increase the updating-recording frequency or adjust the
flows or design of the sampling system to increase the rise time and
fall time as needed. You may also configure analog or digital filters
before recording to increase rise and fall times. In no case may the
mean rise time or mean fall time be greater than 10 seconds.
(2) If a measurement system fails the criterion in paragraph (e)(1)
of this section, ensure that signals from the system are updated and
recorded at a frequency of at least 5 Hz. In no case may the mean rise
time or mean fall time be greater than 10 seconds.
(3) If a measurement system fails the criteria in paragraphs (e)(1)
and (2) of this section, you may use the measurement system only if the
deficiency does not adversely affect your ability to show compliance
with the applicable standards.
(f) Transformation time, t50, determination. If you
choose to determine t50 for purposes of time alignment using
data generated in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, calculate the mean
t0-50 and the mean t100-50 from the recorded data.
Average these two values to determine the final t50 for the
purposes of time alignment in accordance with Sec. 1065.650(c)(2)(i).

[73 FR 59326, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23039, Apr. 30, 2010]

Measurement of Engine Parameters and Ambient Conditions

Sec. 1065.310 Torque calibration.

(a) Scope and frequency. Calibrate all torque-measurement systems
including dynamometer torque measurement transducers and systems upon
initial installation and after major maintenance. Use good engineering
judgment to repeat the calibration. Follow the torque transducer
manufacturer's instructions for linearizing your torque sensor's output.
We recommend that you calibrate the torque-measurement system with a
reference force and a lever arm.
(b) Recommended procedure. (1) Reference force quantification. Use
either a set of dead-weights or a reference meter such as strain gage or
a proving ring to quantify the reference force, NIST-traceable within
0.5% uncertainty.
(2) Lever-arm length quantification. Quantify the lever arm length,
NIST-traceable within 0.5% uncertainty. The lever
arm's length must be measured from the centerline of the dynamometer to
the point at which the reference force is measured. The lever arm must
be perpendicular to gravity (i.e., horizontal), and it must be
perpendicular to the dynamometer's rotational axis. Balance the lever
arm's torque or quantify its net hanging torque, NIST-traceable within
1% uncertainty, and account for it as part of the
reference torque.
(c) Dead-weight calibration. This technique applies a known force by
hanging known weights at a known distance along a lever arm. Make sure
the weights' lever arm is perpendicular to gravity (i.e., horizontal)
and perpendicular to the dynamometer's rotational axis. Apply at least
six calibration-weight combinations for each applicable torque-measuring
range, spacing the weight quantities about equally over the range.
Oscillate or rotate the dynamometer during calibration to reduce
frictional static hysteresis. Determine each weight's force by
multiplying its NIST-traceable mass by the local acceleration of Earth's
gravity (using this equation: force = mass [middot] acceleration). The
local acceleration of gravity, ag, at your latitude, longitude, and
elevation may be determined by entering position and elevation data into
the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's surface
gravity prediction Web site at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/grav--
pdx.prl. If this Web site is unavailable, you may use the equation in
Sec. 1065.630, which returns the local acceleration of gravity based on
a given latitude. In this case, calculate the reference torque as the
weights' reference

[[Page 725]]

force multiplied by the lever arm reference length (using this equation:
torque = force [middot] lever arm length).
(d) Strain gage or proving ring calibration. This technique applies
force either by hanging weights on a lever arm (these weights and their
lever arm length are not used as part of the reference torque
determination) or by operating the dynamometer at different torques.
Apply at least six force combinations for each applicable torque-
measuring range, spacing the force quantities about equally over the
range. Oscillate or rotate the dynamometer during calibration to reduce
frictional static hysteresis. In this case, the reference torque is
determined by multiplying the force output from the reference meter
(such as a strain gage or proving ring) by its effective lever-arm
length, which you measure from the point where the force measurement is
made to the dynamometer's rotational axis. Make sure you measure this
length perpendicular to the reference meter's measurement axis and
perpendicular to the dynamometer's rotational axis.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37305, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.315 Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint calibration.

(a) Calibrate instruments for measuring pressure, temperature, and
dewpoint upon initial installation. Follow the instrument manufacturer's
instructions and use good engineering judgment to repeat the
calibration, as follows:
(1) Pressure. We recommend temperature-compensated, digital-
pneumatic, or deadweight pressure calibrators, with data-logging
capabilities to minimize transcription errors. We recommend using
calibration reference quantities that are NIST-traceable within 0.5%
uncertainty.
(2) Temperature. We recommend digital dry-block or stirred-liquid
temperature calibrators, with data logging capabilities to minimize
transcription errors. We recommend using calibration reference
quantities that are NIST-traceable within 0.5% uncertainty. You may
perform the linearity verification for temperature measurement systems
with thermocouples, RTDs, and thermistors by removing the sensor from
the system and using a simulator in its place. Use a NIST-traceable
simulator that is independently calibrated and, as appropriate, cold-
junction compensated. The simulator uncertainty scaled to temperature
must be less than 0.5% of Tmax. If you use this option, you
must use sensors that the supplier states are accurate to better than
0.5% of Tmax compared with their standard calibration curve.
(3) Dewpoint. We recommend a minimum of three different temperature-
equilibrated and temperature-monitored calibration salt solutions in
containers that seal completely around the dewpoint sensor. We recommend
using calibration reference quantities that are NIST-traceable within
0.5% uncertainty.
(b) You may remove system components for off-site calibration. We
recommend specifying calibration reference quantities that are NIST-
traceable within 0.5% uncertainty.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37305, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 23040, Apr. 30, 2010]

Flow-Related Measurements

Sec. 1065.320 Fuel-flow calibration.

(a) Calibrate fuel-flow meters upon initial installation. Follow the
instrument manufacturer's instructions and use good engineering judgment
to repeat the calibration.
(b) You may also develop a procedure based on a chemical balance of
carbon or oxygen in engine exhaust.
(c) You may remove system components for off-site calibration. When
installing a flow meter with an off-site calibration, we recommend that
you consider the effects of the tubing configuration upstream and
downstream of the flow meter. We recommend specifying calibration
reference quantities that are NIST-traceable within 0.5% uncertainty.

Sec. 1065.325 Intake-flow calibration.

(a) Calibrate intake-air flow meters upon initial installation.
Follow the instrument manufacturer's instructions and use good
engineering judgment to repeat the calibration. We recommend

[[Page 726]]

using a calibration subsonic venturi, ultrasonic flow meter or laminar
flow element. We recommend using calibration reference quantities that
are NIST-traceable within 0.5% uncertainty.
(b) You may remove system components for off-site calibration. When
installing a flow meter with an off-site calibration, we recommend that
you consider the effects of the tubing configuration upstream and
downstream of the flow meter. We recommend specifying calibration
reference quantities that are NIST-traceable within 0.5% uncertainty.
(c) If you use a subsonic venturi or ultrasonic flow meter for
intake flow measurement, we recommend that you calibrate it as described
in Sec. 1065.340.

Sec. 1065.330 Exhaust-flow calibration.

(a) Calibrate exhaust-flow meters upon initial installation. Follow
the instrument manufacturer's instructions and use good engineering
judgment to repeat the calibration. We recommend that you use a
calibration subsonic venturi or ultrasonic flow meter and simulate
exhaust temperatures by incorporating a heat exchanger between the
calibration meter and the exhaust-flow meter. If you can demonstrate
that the flow meter to be calibrated is insensitive to exhaust
temperatures, you may use other reference meters such as laminar flow
elements, which are not commonly designed to withstand typical raw
exhaust temperatures. We recommend using calibration reference
quantities that are NIST-traceable within 0.5% uncertainty.
(b) You may remove system components for off-site calibration. When
installing a flow meter with an off-site calibration, we recommend that
you consider the effects of the tubing configuration upstream and
downstream of the flow meter. We recommend specifying calibration
reference quantities that are NIST-traceable within 0.5% uncertainty.
(c) If you use a subsonic venturi or ultrasonic flow meter for raw
exhaust flow measurement, we recommend that you calibrate it as
described in Sec. 1065.340.

Sec. 1065.340 Diluted exhaust flow (CVS) calibration.

(a) Overview. This section describes how to calibrate flow meters
for diluted exhaust constant-volume sampling (CVS) systems.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform this calibration while the flow
meter is installed in its permanent position, except as allowed in
paragraph (c) of this section. Perform this calibration after you change
any part of the flow configuration upstream or downstream of the flow
meter that may affect the flow-meter calibration. Perform this
calibration upon initial CVS installation and whenever corrective action
does not resolve a failure to meet the diluted exhaust flow verification
(i.e., propane check) in Sec. 1065.341.
(c) Ex-situ CFV and SSV calibration. You may remove a CFV or SSV
from its permanent position for calibration as long as it meets the
following requirements when installed in the CVS:
(1) Upon installation of the CFV or SSV into the CVS, use good
engineering judgment to verify that you have not introduced any leaks
between the CVS inlet and the venturi.
(2) After ex-situ venturi calibration, you must verify all venturi
flow combinations for CFVs or at minimum of 10 flow points for an SSV
using the propane check as described in Sec. 1065.341. Your propane
check result for each venturi flow point may not exceed the tolerance in
Sec. 1065.341(f)(5).
(3) To verify your ex-situ calibration for a CVS with more than a
single CFV, perform the following check to verify that there are no flow
meter entrance effects that can prevent you from passing this
verification.
(i) Use a constant flow device like a CFO kit to deliver a constant
flow of propane to the dilution tunnel.
(ii) Measure hydrocarbon concentrations at a minimum of 10 separate
flow rates for an SSV flow meter, or at all possible flow combinations
for a CFV flow meter, while keeping the flow of propane constant. We
recommend selecting CVS flow rates in a random order.
(iii) Measure the concentration of hydrocarbon background in the
dilution air at the beginning and end of this test. Subtract the average
background

[[Page 727]]

concentration from each measurement at each flow point before performing
the regression analysis in paragraph (c)(3)(iv) of this section.
(iv) Perform a power regression using all the paired values of flow
rate and corrected concentration to obtain a relationship in the form of
y = a [middot] x \b\. Use concentration as the independent variable and
flow rate as the dependent variable. For each data point, calculate the
difference between the measured flow rate and the value represented by
the curve fit. The difference at each point must be less than 1% of the appropriate regression value. The value of b
must be between -1.005 and -0.995. If your results do not meet these
limits, take corrective action consistent with Sec. 1065.341(a).
(d) Reference flow meter. Calibrate a CVS flow meter using a
reference flow meter such as a subsonic venturi flow meter, a long-
radius ASME/NIST flow nozzle, a smooth approach orifice, a laminar flow
element, a set of critical flow venturis, or an ultrasonic flow meter.
Use a reference flow meter that reports quantities that are NIST-
traceable within 1% uncertainty. Use this
reference flow meter's response to flow as the reference value for CVS
flow-meter calibration.
(e) Configuration. Do not use an upstream screen or other
restriction that could affect the flow ahead of the reference flow
meter, unless the flow meter has been calibrated with such a
restriction.
(f) PDP calibration. Calibrate a positive-displacement pump (PDP) to
determine a flow-versus-PDP speed equation that accounts for flow
leakage across sealing surfaces in the PDP as a function of PDP inlet
pressure. Determine unique equation coefficients for each speed at which
you operate the PDP. Calibrate a PDP flow meter as follows:
(1) Connect the system as shown in Figure 1 of this section.
(2) Leaks between the calibration flow meter and the PDP must be
less than 0.3% of the total flow at the lowest calibrated flow point;
for example, at the highest restriction and lowest PDP-speed point.
(3) While the PDP operates, maintain a constant temperature at the
PDP inlet within 2% of the mean absolute inlet
temperature, Tin.
(4) Set the PDP speed to the first speed point at which you intend
to calibrate.
(5) Set the variable restrictor to its wide-open position.
(6) Operate the PDP for at least 3 min to stabilize the system.
Continue operating the PDP and record the mean values of at least 30
seconds of sampled data of each of the following quantities:
(i) The mean flow rate of the reference flow meter, nref.
This may include several measurements of different quantities, such as
reference meter pressures and temperatures, for calculating
nref.
(ii) The mean temperature at the PDP inlet, Tin.
(iii) The mean static absolute pressure at the PDP inlet,
pin.
(iv) The mean static absolute pressure at the PDP outlet,
pout.
HERE
(v) The mean PDP speed, fnPDP.
HERE
(7) Incrementally close the restrictor valve to decrease the
absolute pressure at the inlet to the PDP, pin.
(8) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (e)(6) and (7) of this section to
record data at a minimum of six restrictor positions ranging from the
wide open restrictor position to the minimum expected pressure at the
PDP inlet.
(9) Calibrate the PDP by using the collected data and the equations
in Sec. 1065.640.
(10) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (e)(6) through (9) of this
section for each speed at which you operate the PDP.
(11) Use the equations in Sec. 1065.642 to determine the PDP flow
equation for emission testing.
(12) Verify the calibration by performing a CVS verification (i.e.,
propane check) as described in Sec. 1065.341.
(13) Do not use the PDP below the lowest inlet pressure tested
during calibration.
(g) CFV calibration. Calibrate a critical-flow venturi (CFV) to
verify its discharge coefficient, Cd, at the lowest expected
static differential pressure between the CFV inlet and outlet. Calibrate
a CFV flow meter as follows:

[[Page 728]]

(1) Connect the system as shown in Figure 1 of this section.
(2) Verify that any leaks between the calibration flow meter and the
CFV are less than 0.3% of the total flow at the highest restriction.
(3) Start the blower downstream of the CFV.
(4) While the CFV operates, maintain a constant temperature at the
CFV inlet within 2% of the mean absolute inlet
temperature, Tin.
(5) Set the variable restrictor to its wide-open position. Instead
of a variable restrictor, you may alternately vary the pressure
downstream of the CFV by varying blower speed or by introducing a
controlled leak. Note that some blowers have limitations on nonloaded
conditions.
(6) Operate the CFV for at least 3 min to stabilize the system.
Continue operating the CFV and record the mean values of at least 30
seconds of sampled data of each of the following quantities:
(i) The mean flow rate of the reference flow meter, nref.
This may include several measurements of different quantities, such as
reference meter pressures and temperatures, for calculating
nref.
(ii) The mean dewpoint of the calibration air, Tdew. See
Sec. 1065.640 for permissible assumptions during emission measurements.
(iii) The mean temperature at the venturi inlet, Tin.
(iv) The mean static absolute pressure at the venturi inlet,
pin.
(v) The mean static differential pressure between the CFV inlet and
the CFV outlet, [Delta]pCFV.
(7) Incrementally close the restrictor valve or decrease the
downstream pressure to decrease the differential pressure across the
CFV, [Delta]pCFV.
(8) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (f)(6) and (7) of this section to
record mean data at a minimum of ten restrictor positions, such that you
test the fullest practical range of [Delta]pCFV expected
during testing. We do not require that you remove calibration components
or CVS components to calibrate at the lowest possible restrictions.
(9) Determine Cd and the lowest allowable pressure ratio,
r, according to Sec. 1065.640.
(10) Use Cd to determine CFV flow during an emission
test. Do not use the CFV below the lowest allowed r, as determined in
Sec. 1065.640.
(11) Verify the calibration by performing a CVS verification (i.e.,
propane check) as described in Sec. 1065.341.
(12) If your CVS is configured to operate more than one CFV at a
time in parallel, calibrate your CVS by one of the following:
(i) Calibrate every combination of CFVs according to this section
and Sec. 1065.640. Refer to Sec. 1065.642 for instructions on
calculating flow rates for this option.
(ii) Calibrate each CFV according to this section and Sec.
1065.640. Refer to Sec. 1065.642 for instructions on calculating flow
rates for this option.
(h) SSV calibration. Calibrate a subsonic venturi (SSV) to determine
its calibration coefficient, Cd, for the expected range of
inlet pressures. Calibrate an SSV flow meter as follows:
(1) Connect the system as shown in Figure 1 of this section.
(2) Verify that any leaks between the calibration flow meter and the
SSV are less than 0.3% of the total flow at the highest restriction.
(3) Start the blower downstream of the SSV.
(4) While the SSV operates, maintain a constant temperature at the
SSV inlet within 2% of the mean absolute inlet
temperature, Tin.
(5) Set the variable restrictor or variable-speed blower to a flow
rate greater than the greatest flow rate expected during testing. You
may not extrapolate flow rates beyond calibrated values, so we recommend
that you make sure the Reynolds number, Re#, at the SSV throat at the
greatest calibrated flow rate is greater than the maximum Re# expected
during testing.
(6) Operate the SSV for at least 3 min to stabilize the system.
Continue operating the SSV and record the mean of at least 30 seconds of
sampled data of each of the following quantities:
(i) The mean flow rate of the reference flow meter nref.
This may include several measurements of different quantities, such as
reference

[[Page 729]]

meter pressures and temperatures, for calculating nref.
(ii) Optionally, the mean dewpoint of the calibration air,
Tdew. See Sec. 1065.640 for permissible assumptions.
(iii) The mean temperature at the venturi inlet, Tin.
(iv) The mean static absolute pressure at the venturi inlet,
pin.
(v) Static differential pressure between the static pressure at the
venturi inlet and the static pressure at the venturi throat,
[Delta]pssv.
(7) Incrementally close the restrictor valve or decrease the blower
speed to decrease the flow rate.
(8) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (g)(6) and (7) of this section to
record data at a minimum of ten flow rates.
(9) Determine a functional form of Cd versus Re# by using
the collected data and the equations in Sec. 1065.640.
(10) Verify the calibration by performing a CVS verification (i.e.,
propane check) as described in Sec. 1065.341 using the new
Cd versus Re# equation.
(11) Use the SSV only between the minimum and maximum calibrated
flow rates.
(12) Use the equations in Sec. 1065.642 to determine SSV flow
during a test.
(i) Ultrasonic flow meter calibration. [Reserved]

[[Page 730]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.020

[[Page 731]]

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37305, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 68463, Nov. 8, 2010; 76 FR 57445, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.341 CVS and batch sampler verification (propane check).

(a) A propane check serves as a CVS verification to determine if
there is a discrepancy in measured values of diluted exhaust flow. A
propane check also serves as a batch-sampler verification to determine
if there is a discrepancy in a batch sampling system that extracts a
sample from a CVS, as described in paragraph (g) of this section. Using
good engineering judgment and safe practices, this check may be
performed using a gas other than propane, such as CO2 or CO.
A failed propane check might indicate one or more problems that may
require corrective action, as follows:
(1) Incorrect analyzer calibration. Re-calibrate, repair, or replace
the FID analyzer.
(2) Leaks. Inspect CVS tunnel, connections, fasteners, and HC
sampling system, and repair or replace components.
(3) Poor mixing. Perform the verification as described in this
section while traversing a sampling probe across the tunnel's diameter,
vertically and horizontally. If the analyzer response indicates any
deviation exceeding 2% of the mean measured
concentration, consider operating the CVS at a higher flow rate or
installing a mixing plate or orifice to improve mixing.
(4) Hydrocarbon contamination in the sample system. Perform the
hydrocarbon-contamination verification as described in Sec. 1065.520.
(5) Change in CVS calibration. Perform a calibration of the CVS flow
meter as described in Sec. 1065.340.
(6) Flow meter entrance effects. Inspect the CVS tunnel to determine
whether the entrance effects from the piping configuration upstream of
the flow meter adversely affect the flow measurement.
(7) Other problems with the CVS or sampling verification hardware or
software. Inspect the CVS system, CVS verification hardware, and
software for discrepancies.
(b) A propane check uses either a reference mass or a reference flow
rate of C3H8 as a tracer gas in a CVS. Note that
if you use a reference flow rate, account for any non-ideal gas behavior
of C3H8 in the reference flow meter. Refer to
Sec. 1065.640 and Sec. 1065.642, which describe how to calibrate and
use certain flow meters. Do not use any ideal gas assumptions in Sec.
1065.640 and Sec. 1065.642. The propane check compares the calculated
mass of injected C3H8 using HC measurements and
CVS flow rate measurements with the reference value.
(c) Prepare for the propane check as follows:
(1) If you use a reference mass of C3H8
instead of a reference flow rate, obtain a cylinder charged with
C3H8. Determine the reference cylinder's mass of
C3H8 within 0.5% of the
amount of C3H8 that you expect to use.
(2) Select appropriate flow rates for the CVS and
C3H8.
(3) Select a C3H8 injection port in the CVS.
Select the port location to be as close as practical to the location
where you introduce engine exhaust into the CVS. Connect the
C3H8 cylinder to the injection system.
(4) Operate and stabilize the CVS.
(5) Preheat or precool any heat exchangers in the sampling system.
(6) Allow heated and cooled components such as sample lines,
filters, chillers, and pumps to stabilize at operating temperature.
(7) You may purge the HC sampling system during stabilization.
(8) If applicable, perform a vacuum side leak verification of the HC
sampling system as described in Sec. 1065.345.
(9) You may also conduct any other calibrations or verifications on
equipment or analyzers.
(d) If you performed the vacuum-side leak verification of the HC
sampling system as described in paragraph (c)(8) of this section, you
may use the HC contamination procedure in Sec. 1065.520(g) to verify HC
contamination. Otherwise, zero, span, and verify contamination of the HC
sampling system, as follows:
(1) Select the lowest HC analyzer range that can measure the
C3H8 concentration expected for the CVS and
C3H8 flow rates.
(2) Zero the HC analyzer using zero air introduced at the analyzer
port.

[[Page 732]]

(3) Span the HC analyzer using C3H8 span gas
introduced at the analyzer port.
(4) Overflow zero air at the HC probe inlet or into a tee near the
outlet of the probe.
(5) Measure the stable HC concentration of the HC sampling system as
overflow zero air flows. For batch HC measurement, fill the batch
container (such as a bag) and measure the HC overflow concentration.
(6) If the overflow HC concentration exceeds 2 [micro]mol/mol, do
not proceed until contamination is eliminated. Determine the source of
the contamination and take corrective action, such as cleaning the
system or replacing contaminated portions.
(7) When the overflow HC concentration does not exceed 2 [micro]mol/
mol, record this value as xTHCinit and use it to correct for
HC contamination as described in Sec. 1065.660.
(e) Perform the propane check as follows:
(1) For batch HC sampling, connect clean storage media, such as
evacuated bags.
(2) Operate HC measurement instruments according to the instrument
manufacturer's instructions.
(3) If you will correct for dilution air background concentrations
of HC, measure and record background HC in the dilution air.
(4) Zero any integrating devices.
(5) Begin sampling, and start any flow integrators.
(6) Release the contents of the C3H8 reference
cylinder at the rate you selected. If you use a reference flow rate of
C3H8, start integrating this flow rate.
(7) Continue to release the cylinder's contents until at least
enough C3H8 has been released to ensure accurate
quantification of the reference C3H8 and the
measured C3H8.
(8) Shut off the C3H8 reference cylinder and
continue sampling until you have accounted for time delays due to sample
transport and analyzer response.
(9) Stop sampling and stop any integrators.
(f) Perform post-test procedure as follows:
(1) If you used batch sampling, analyze batch samples as soon as
practical.
(2) After analyzing HC, correct for contamination and background.
(3) Calculate total C3H8 mass based on your
CVS and HC data as described in Sec. 1065.650 and Sec. 1065.660, using
the molar mass of C3H8, MC3H8, instead the
effective molar mass of HC, MHC.
(4) If you use a reference mass, determine the cylinder's propane
mass within 0.5% and determine the
C3H8 reference mass by subtracting the empty
cylinder propane mass from the full cylinder propane mass.
(5) Subtract the reference C3H8 mass from the
calculated mass. If this difference is within 2%
of the reference mass, the CVS passes this verification. If not, take
corrective action as described in paragraph (a) of this section.
(g) You may repeat the propane check to verify a batch sampler, such
as a PM secondary dilution system. (1) Configure the HC sampling system
to extract a sample near the location of the batch sampler's storage
media (such as a PM filter). If the absolute pressure at this location
is too low to extract an HC sample, you may sample HC from the batch
sampler pump's exhaust. Use caution when sampling from pump exhaust
because an otherwise acceptable pump leak downstream of a batch sampler
flow meter will cause a false failure of the propane check.
(2) Repeat the propane check described in this section, but sample
HC from the batch sampler.
(3) Calculate C3H8 mass, taking into account
any secondary dilution from the batch sampler.
(4) Subtract the reference C3H8 mass from the
calculated mass. If this difference is within 5%
of the reference mass, the batch sampler passes this verification. If
not, take corrective action as described in paragraph (a) of this
section.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37307, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59328, Oct. 8, 2008; 76 FR 57447, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.342 Sample dryer verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. If you use a sample dryer as allowed in
Sec. 1065.145(e)(2) to remove water from the sample gas, verify the
performance

[[Page 733]]

upon installation, after major maintenance, for thermal chiller. For
osmotic membrane dryers, verify the performance upon installation, after
major maintenance, and within 35 days of testing.
(b) Measurement principles. Water can inhibit an analyzer's ability
to properly measure the exhaust component of interest and thus is
sometimes removed before the sample gas reaches the analyzer. For
example water can negatively interfere with a CLD's NOX
response through collisional quenching and can positively interfere with
an NDIR analyzer by causing a response similar to CO.
(c) System requirements. The sample dryer must meet the
specifications as determined in Sec. 1065.145(e)(2) for dewpoint,
Tdew, and absolute pressure, ptotal, downstream of
the osmotic-membrane dryer or thermal chiller.
(d) Sample dryer verification procedure. Use the following method to
determine sample dryer performance. Run this verification with the dryer
and associated sampling system operating in the same manner you will use
for emission testing (including operation of sample pumps). You may run
this verification test on multiple sample dryers sharing the same
sampling system at the same time. You may run this verification on the
sample dryer alone, but you must use the maximum gas flow rate expected
during testing. You may use good engineering judgment to develop a
different protocol.
(1) Use PTFE or stainless steel tubing to make necessary
connections.
(2) Humidify room air, N2, or purified air by bubbling it
through distilled water in a sealed vessel that humidifies the gas to
the highest sample water content that you estimate during emission
sampling.
(3) Introduce the humidified gas upstream of the sample dryer. You
may disconnect the transfer line from the probe and introduce the
humidified gas at the inlet of the transfer line of the sample system
used during testing. You may use the sample pumps in the sample system
to draw gas through the vessel.
(4) Maintain the sample lines, fittings, and valves from the
location where the humidified gas water content is measured to the inlet
of the sampling system at a temperature at least 5 [deg]C above the
local humidified gas dewpoint. For dryers used in NOX sample
systems, verify the sample system components used in this verification
prevent aqueous condensation as required in Sec. 1065.145(d)(1)(i). We
recommend that the sample system components be maintained at least 5
[deg]C above the local humidified gas dewpoint to prevent aqueous
condensation.
(5) Measure the humidified gas dewpoint, Tdew, and
absolute pressure, ptotal, as close as possible to the inlet
of the sample dryer or inlet of the sample system to verify the water
content is at least as high as the highest value that you estimated
during emission sampling. You may verify the water content based on any
humidity parameter (e.g. mole fraction water, local dewpoint, or
absolute humidity).
(6) Measure the humidified gas dewpoint, Tdew, and
absolute pressure, ptotal, as close as possible to the outlet
of the sample dryer. Note that the dewpoint changes with absolute
pressure. If the dewpoint at the sample dryer outlet is measured at a
different pressure, then this reading must be corrected to the dewpoint
at the sample dryer absolute pressure, ptotal.
(7) The sample dryer meets the verification if the dewpoint at the
sample dryer pressure as measured in paragraph (d)(6) of this section is
less than the dewpoint corresponding to the sample dryer specifications
as determined in Sec. 1065.145(e)(2) plus 2 [deg]C or if the mole
fraction of water as measured in (d)(6) is less than the corresponding
sample dryer specifications plus 0.002 mol/mol.
(e) Alternate sample dryer verification procedure. The following
method may be used in place of the sample dryer verification procedure
in (d) of this section. If you use a humidity sensor for continuous
monitoring of dewpoint at the sample dryer outlet you may skip the
performance check in Sec. 1065.342(d), but you must make sure that the
dryer outlet humidity is at or below the minimum value used for quench,
interference, and compensation checks.

[73 FR 37307, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59328, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23040, Apr. 30, 2010]

[[Page 734]]

Sec. 1065.345 Vacuum-side leak verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. Verify that there are no significant
vacuum-side leaks using one of the leak tests described in this section.
For laboratory testing, perform the vacuum-side leak verification upon
initial sampling system installation, within 8 hours before the start of
the first test interval of each duty-cycle sequence, and after
maintenance such as pre-filter changes. For field testing, perform the
vacuum-side leak verification after each installation of the sampling
system on the vehicle, prior to the start of the field test, and after
maintenance such as pre-filter changes. This verification does not apply
to any full-flow portion of a CVS dilution system.
(b) Measurement principles. A leak may be detected either by
measuring a small amount of flow when there should be zero flow, or by
detecting the dilution of a known concentration of span gas when it
flows through the vacuum side of a sampling system.
(c) Low-flow leak test. Test a sampling system for low-flow leaks as
follows:
(1) Seal the probe end of the system by taking one of the following
steps:
(i) Cap or plug the end of the sample probe.
(ii) Disconnect the transfer line at the probe and cap or plug the
transfer line.
(iii) Close a leak-tight valve located in the sample transfer line
within 92 cm of the probe.
(2) Operate all vacuum pumps. After stabilizing, verify that the
flow through the vacuum-side of the sampling system is less than 0.5% of
the system's normal in-use flow rate. You may estimate typical analyzer
and bypass flows as an approximation of the system's normal in-use flow
rate.
(d) Dilution-of-span-gas leak test. You may use any gas analyzer for
this test. If you use a FID for this test, correct for any HC
contamination in the sampling system according to Sec. 1065.660. To
avoid misleading results from this test, we recommend using only
analyzers that have a repeatability of 0.5% or better at the span gas
concentration used for this test. Perform a vacuum-side leak test as
follows:
(1) Prepare a gas analyzer as you would for emission testing.
(2) Supply span gas to the analyzer port and verify that it measures
the span gas concentration within its expected measurement accuracy and
repeatability.
(3) Route overflow span gas to the inlet of the sample probe or at a
tee fitting in the transfer line near the exit of the probe. You may use
a valve upstream of the overflow fitting to prevent overflow of span gas
out of the inlet of the probe, but you must then provide an overflow
vent in the overflow supply line.
(4) Verify that the measured overflow span gas concentration is
within 0.5% of the span gas concentration. A
measured value lower than expected indicates a leak, but a value higher
than expected may indicate a problem with the span gas or the analyzer
itself. A measured value higher than expected does not indicate a leak.
(e) Vacuum-decay leak test. To perform this test you must apply a
vacuum to the vacuum-side volume of your sampling system and then
observe the leak rate of your system as a decay in the applied vacuum.
To perform this test you must know the vacuum-side volume of your
sampling system to within 10% of its true volume.
For this test you must also use measurement instruments that meet the
specifications of subpart C of this part and of this subpart D. Perform
a vacuum-decay leak test as follows:
(1) Seal the probe end of the system as close to the probe opening
as possible by taking one of the following steps:
(i) Cap or plug the end of the sample probe.
(ii) Disconnect the transfer line at the probe and cap or plug the
transfer line.
(iii) Close a leak-tight valve located in the sample transfer line
within 92 cm of the probe.
(2) Operate all vacuum pumps. Draw a vacuum that is representative
of normal operating conditions. In the case of sample bags, we recommend
that you repeat your normal sample bag pump-down procedure twice to
minimize any trapped volumes.

[[Page 735]]

(3) Turn off the sample pumps and seal the system. Measure and
record the absolute pressure of the trapped gas and optionally the
system absolute temperature. Wait long enough for any transients to
settle and long enough for a leak at 0.5% to have caused a pressure
change of at least 10 times the resolution of the pressure transducer,
then again record the pressure and optionally temperature.
(4) Calculate the leak flow rate based on an assumed value of zero
for pumped-down bag volumes and based on known values for the sample
system volume, the initial and final pressures, optional temperatures,
and elapsed time. Using the calculations specified in 1065.644, verify
that the vacuum-decay leak flow rate is less than 0.5% of the system's
normal in-use flow rate.

[73 FR 37307, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59328, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23040, Apr. 30, 2010]

CO and CO2 Measurements

Sec. 1065.350 H[bdi2]O interference verification for CO[bdi2] NDIR analyzers.

(a) Scope and frequency. If you measure CO2 using an NDIR
analyzer, verify the amount of H2O interference after initial
analyzer installation and after major maintenance.
(b) Measurement principles. H2O can interfere with an
NDIR analyzer's response to CO2.
If the NDIR analyzer uses compensation algorithms that utilize
measurements of other gases to meet this interference verification,
simultaneously conduct these other measurements to test the compensation
algorithms during the analyzer interference verification.
(c) System requirements. A CO2 NDIR analyzer must have an
H2O interference that is within (0.0 0.4) mmol/mol, though we strongly recommend a lower
interference that is within (0.0 0.2) mmol/mol.
(d) Procedure. Perform the interference verification as follows:
(1) Start, operate, zero, and span the CO2 NDIR analyzer
as you would before an emission test. If the sample is passed through a
dryer during emission testing, you may run this verification test with
the dryer if it meets the requirements of Sec. 1065.342. Operate the
dryer at the same conditions as you will for an emission test. You may
also run this verification test without the sample dryer.
(2) Create a humidified test gas by bubbling zero gas that meets the
specifications in Sec. 1065.750 through distilled water in a sealed
vessel. If the sample is not passed through a dryer during emission
testing, control the vessel temperature to generate an H2O
level at least as high as the maximum expected during emission testing.
If the sample is passed through a dryer during emission testing, control
the vessel temperature to generate an H2O level at least as
high as the level determined in Sec. 1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer.
(3) Introduce the humidified test gas into the sample system. You
may introduce it downstream of any sample dryer, if one is used during
testing.
(4) If the sample is not passed through a dryer during this
verification test, measure the water mole fraction, xH2O, of
the humidified test gas, as close as possible to the inlet of the
analyzer. For example, measure dewpoint, Tdew, and absolute
pressure, ptotal, to calculate xH2O. Verify that
the water content meets the requirement in paragraph (d)(2) of this
section. If the sample is passed through a dryer during this
verification test, you must verify that the water content of the
humidified test gas downstream of the vessel meets the requirement in
paragraph (d)(2) of this section based on either direct measurement of
the water content (e.g., dewpoint and pressure) or an estimate based on
the vessel pressure and temperature. Use good engineering judgment to
estimate the water content. For example, you may use previous direct
measurements of water content to verify the vessel's level of
saturation.
(5) If a sample dryer is not used in this verification test, use
good engineering judgment to prevent condensation in the transfer lines,
fittings, or valves from the point where xH2O is measured to
the analyzer. We recommend that you design your system so the wall
temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from the

[[Page 736]]

point where xH2O is measured to the analyzer are at least 5
[deg]C above the local sample gas dewpoint.
(6) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize. Stabilization
time may include time to purge the transfer line and to account for
analyzer response.
(7) While the analyzer measures the sample's concentration, record
30 seconds of sampled data. Calculate the arithmetic mean of this data.
The analyzer meets the interference verification if this value is within
(0.0 0.4) mmol/mol.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37308, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59328, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 23040, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57447,
Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.355 H[bdi2]O and CO[bdi2] interference verification for CO NDIR

analyzers.

(a) Scope and frequency. If you measure CO using an NDIR analyzer,
verify the amount of H2O and CO2 interference
after initial analyzer installation and after major maintenance.
(b) Measurement principles. H2O and CO2 can
positively interfere with an NDIR analyzer by causing a response similar
to CO. If the NDIR analyzer uses compensation algorithms that utilize
measurements of other gases to meet this interference verification,
simultaneously conduct these other measurements to test the compensation
algorithms during the analyzer interference verification.
(c) System requirements. A CO NDIR analyzer must have combined
H2O and CO2 interference that is within 2 % of the flow-weighted mean concentration of CO
expected at the standard, though we strongly recommend a lower
interference that is within 1%.
(d) Procedure. Perform the interference verification as follows:
(1) Start, operate, zero, and span the CO NDIR analyzer as you would
before an emission test. If the sample is passed through a dryer during
emission testing, you may run this verification test with the dryer if
it meets the requirements of Sec. 1065.342. Operate the dryer at the
same conditions as you will for an emission test. You may also run this
verification test without the sample dryer.
(2) Create a humidified CO2 test gas by bubbling a
CO2 span gas that meets the specifications in Sec. 1065.750
through distilled water in a sealed vessel. If the sample is not passed
through a dryer during emission testing, control the vessel temperature
to generate an H2O level at least as high as the maximum
expected during emission testing. If the sample is passed through a
dryer during emission testing, control the vessel temperature to
generate an H2O level at least as high as the level
determined in Sec. 1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer. Use a CO2
span gas concentration at least as high as the maximum expected during
testing.
(3) Introduce the humidified CO2 test gas into the sample
system. You may introduce it downstream of any sample dryer, if one is
used during testing.
(4) If the sample is not passed through a dryer during this
verification test, measure the water mole fraction, xH2O, of
the humidified CO2 test gas as close as possible to the inlet
of the analyzer. For example, measure dewpoint, Tdew, and
absolute pressure, ptotal, to calculate xH2O.
Verify that the water content meets the requirement in paragraph (d)(2)
of this section. If the sample is passed through a dryer during this
verification test, you must verify that the water content of the
humidified test gas downstream of the vessel meets the requirement in
paragraph (d)(2) of this section based on either direct measurement of
the water content (e.g., dewpoint and pressure) or an estimate based on
the vessel pressure and temperature. Use good engineering judgment to
estimate the water content. For example, you may use previous direct
measurements of water content to verify the vessel's level of
saturation.
(5) If a sample dryer is not used in this verification test, use
good engineering judgment to prevent condensation in the transfer lines,
fittings, or valves from the point where xH2O is measured to
the analyzer. We recommend that you design your system so that the wall
temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from the point
where xH2O is measured to the analyzer are at least 5 [deg]C
above the local sample gas dewpoint.

[[Page 737]]

(6) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize. Stabilization
time may include time to purge the transfer line and to account for
analyzer response.
(7) While the analyzer measures the sample's concentration, record
its output for 30 seconds. Calculate the arithmetic mean of this data.
(8) The analyzer meets the interference verification if the result
of paragraph (d)(7) of this section meets the tolerance in paragraph (c)
of this section.
(9) You may also run interference procedures for CO2 and
H2O separately. If the CO2 and H2O
levels used are higher than the maximum levels expected during testing,
you may scale down each observed interference value by multiplying the
observed interference by the ratio of the maximum expected concentration
value to the actual value used during this procedure. You may run
separate interference concentrations of H2O (down to 0.025
mol/mol H2O content) that are lower than the maximum levels
expected during testing, but you must scale up the observed
H2O interference by multiplying the observed interference by
the ratio of the maximum expected H2O concentration value to
the actual value used during this procedure. The sum of the two scaled
interference values must meet the tolerance in paragraph (c) of this
section.
(e) Exceptions. The following exceptions apply:
(1) You may omit this verification if you can show by engineering
analysis that for your CO sampling system and your emission-calculation
procedures, the combined CO2 and H2O interference
for your CO NDIR analyzer always affects your brake-specific CO emission
results within 0.5% of the applicable CO standard.
(2) You may use a CO NDIR analyzer that you determine does not meet
this verification, as long as you try to correct the problem and the
measurement deficiency does not adversely affect your ability to show
that engines comply with all applicable emission standards.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37308, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59328, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 23041, Apr. 30, 2010]

Hydrocarbon Measurements

Sec. 1065.360 FID optimization and verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. For all FID analyzers, calibrate the FID
upon initial installation. Repeat the calibration as needed using good
engineering judgment. For a FID that measures THC, perform the following
steps:
(1) Optimize the response to various hydrocarbons after initial
analyzer installation and after major maintenance as described in
paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) Determine the methane (CH4) response factor after
initial analyzer installation and after major maintenance as described
in paragraph (d) of this section.
(3) Verify the methane (CH4) response within 185 days
before testing as described in paragraph (e) of this section.
(b) Calibration. Use good engineering judgment to develop a
calibration procedure, such as one based on the FID-analyzer
manufacturer's instructions and recommended frequency for calibrating
the FID. Alternately, you may remove system components for off-site
calibration. For a FID that measures THC, calibrate using
C3H8 calibration gases that meet the
specifications of Sec. 1065.750. For a FID that measures
CH4, calibrate using CH4 calibration gases that
meet the specifications of Sec. 1065.750. We recommend FID analyzer
zero and span gases that contain approximately the flow-weighted mean
concentration of O2 expected during testing. If you use a FID
to measure methane (CH4) downstream of a nonmethane cutter,
you may calibrate that FID using CH4 calibration gases with
the cutter. Regardless of the calibration gas composition, calibrate on
a carbon number basis of one (C1). For example, if you use a
C3H8 span gas of concentration 200 [micro]mol/mol,
span the FID to respond with a value of 600 [micro]mol/mol. As another
example, if you use a CH4 span gas with a concentration of
200 [micro]mol/mol, span the FID to respond with a value of 200
[micro]mol/mol.

[[Page 738]]

(c) THC FID response optimization. This procedure is only for FID
analyzers that measure THC. Use good engineering judgment for initial
instrument start-up and basic operating adjustment using FID fuel and
zero air. Heated FIDs must be within their required operating
temperature ranges. Optimize FID response at the most common analyzer
range expected during emission testing. Optimization involves adjusting
flows and pressures of FID fuel, burner air, and sample to minimize
response variations to various hydrocarbon species in the exhaust. Use
good engineering judgment to trade off peak FID response to propane
calibration gases to achieve minimal response variations to different
hydrocarbon species. For an example of trading off response to propane
for relative responses to other hydrocarbon species, see SAE 770141
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1065.1010). Determine the optimum
flow rates and/or pressures for FID fuel, burner air, and sample and
record them for future reference.
(d) THC FID CH4 response factor determination. This procedure is
only for FID analyzers that measure THC. Since FID analyzers generally
have a different response to CH4 versus
C3H8, determine each THC FID analyzer's
CH4 response factor, RFCH4[THC-FID], after FID
optimization. Use the most recent RFCH4[THC-FID] measured
according to this section in the calculations for HC determination
described in Sec. 1065.660 to compensate for CH4 response.
Determine RFCH4[THC-FID] as follows, noting that you do not
determine RFCH4[THC-FID] for FIDs that are calibrated and
spanned using CH4 with a nonmethane cutter:
(1) Select a C3H8 span gas concentration that
you use to span your analyzers before emission testing. Use only span
gases that meet the specifications of Sec. 1065.750. Record the
C3H8 concentration of the gas.
(2) Select a CH4 span gas concentration that you use to
span your analyzers before emission testing. Use only span gases that
meet the specifications of Sec. 1065.750. Record the CH4
concentration of the gas.
(3) Start and operate the FID analyzer according to the
manufacturer's instructions.
(4) Confirm that the FID analyzer has been calibrated using
C3H8. Calibrate on a carbon number basis of one
(C1). For example, if you use a C3H8
span gas of concentration 200 [micro]mol/mol, span the FID to respond
with a value of 600 [micro]mol/mol.
(5) Zero the FID with a zero gas that you use for emission testing.
(6) Span the FID with the C3H8 span gas that
you selected under paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(7) Introduce at the sample port of the FID analyzer, the
CH4 span gas that you selected under paragraph (d)(2) of this
section.
(8) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize. Stabilization
time may include time to purge the analyzer and to account for its
response.
(9) While the analyzer measures the CH4 concentration,
record 30 seconds of sampled data. Calculate the arithmetic mean of
these values.
(10) Divide the mean measured concentration by the recorded span
concentration of the CH4 calibration gas. The result is the
FID analyzer's response factor for CH4,
RFCH4[THC-FID].
(e) THC FID methane (CH4) response verification. This procedure is
only for FID analyzers that measure THC. If the value of
RFCH4[THC-FID] from paragraph (d) of this section is within
5% of its most recent previously determined value,
the THC FID passes the methane response verification. For example, if
the most recent previous value for RFCH4[THC-FID] was 1.05
and it changed by 0.05 to become 1.10 or it
changed by -0.05 to become 1.00, either case would be acceptable because
4.8% is less than 5%. Verify
RFCH4[THC-FID] as follows:
(1) First verify that the flow rates and/or pressures of FID fuel,
burner air, and sample are each within 0.5% of
their most recent previously recorded values, as described in paragraph
(c) of this section. You may adjust these flow rates as necessary. Then
determine the RFCH4[THC-FID] as described in paragraph (d) of
this section and verify that it is within the tolerance specified in
this paragraph (e).

[[Page 739]]

(2) If RFCH4[THC-FID] is not within the tolerance
specified in this paragraph (e), re-optimize the FID response as
described in paragraph (c) of this section.
(3) Determine a new RFCH4[THC-FID] as described in
paragraph (d) of this section. Use this new value of
RFCH4[THC-FID] in the calculations for HC determination, as
described in Sec. 1065.660.

[73 FR 37308, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23041, Apr. 30, 2010;
76 FR 57447, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.362 Non-stoichiometric raw exhaust FID O[bdi2] interference

verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. If you use FID analyzers for raw exhaust
measurements from engines that operate in a non-stoichiometric mode of
combustion (e.g., compression-ignition, lean-burn), verify the amount of
FID O2 interference upon initial installation and after major
maintenance.
(b) Measurement principles. Changes in O2 concentration
in raw exhaust can affect FID response by changing FID flame
temperature. Optimize FID fuel, burner air, and sample flow to meet this
verification. Verify FID performance with the compensation algorithms
for FID O2 interference that you have active during an
emission test.
(c) System requirements. Any FID analyzer used during testing must
meet the FID O2 interference verification according to the
procedure in this section.
(d) Procedure. Determine FID O2 interference as follows,
noting that you may use one or more gas dividers to create the reference
gas concentrations that are required to perform this verification:
(1) Select three span reference gases that contain a
C3H8 concentration that you use to span your
analyzers before emission testing. Use only span gases that meet the
specifications of Sec. 1065.750. You may use CH4 span
reference gases for FIDs calibrated on CH4 with a nonmethane
cutter. Select the three balance gas concentrations such that the
concentrations of O2 and N2 represent the minimum,
maximum, and average O2 concentrations expected during
testing. The requirement for using the average O2
concentration can be removed if you choose to calibrate the FID with
span gas balanced with the average expected oxygen concentration.
(2) Confirm that the FID analyzer meets all the specifications of
Sec. 1065.360.
(3) Start and operate the FID analyzer as you would before an
emission test. Regardless of the FID burner's air source during testing,
use zero air as the FID burner's air source for this verification.
(4) Zero the FID analyzer using the zero gas used during emission
testing.
(5) Span the FID analyzer using a span gas that you use during
emission testing.
(6) Check the zero response of the FID analyzer using the zero gas
used during emission testing. If the mean zero response of 30 seconds of
sampled data is within 0.5% of the span reference
value used in paragraph (d)(5) of this section, then proceed to the next
step; otherwise restart the procedure at paragraph (d)(4) of this
section.
(7) Check the analyzer response using the span gas that has the
minimum concentration of O2 expected during testing. Record
the mean response of 30 seconds of stabilized sample data as
xO2minHC.
(8) Check the zero response of the FID analyzer using the zero gas
used during emission testing. If the mean zero response of 30 seconds of
stabilized sample data is within 0.5% of the span
reference value used in paragraph (d)(5) of this section, then proceed
to the next step; otherwise restart the procedure at paragraph (d)(4) of
this section.
(9) Check the analyzer response using the span gas that has the
average concentration of O2 expected during testing. Record
the mean response of 30 seconds of stabilized sample data as
xO2avgHC.
(10) Check the zero response of the FID analyzer using the zero gas
used during emission testing. If the mean zero response of 30 seconds of
stabilized sample data is within 0.5% of the span
reference value used in paragraph (d)(5) of this section, proceed to the
next step; otherwise restart the procedure at paragraph (d)(4) of this
section.
(11) Check the analyzer response using the span gas that has the
maximum concentration of O2 expected

[[Page 740]]

during testing. Record the mean response of 30 seconds of stabilized
sample data as xO2maxHC.
(12) Check the zero response of the FID analyzer using the zero gas
used during emission testing. If the mean zero response of 30 seconds of
stabilized sample data is within 0.5% of the span
reference value used in paragraph (d)(5) of this section, then proceed
to the next step; otherwise restart the procedure at paragraph (d)(4) of
this section.
(13) Calculate the percent difference between xO2maxHC
and its reference gas concentration. Calculate the percent difference
between xO2avgHC and its reference gas concentration.
Calculate the percent difference between xO2minHC and its
reference gas concentration. Determine the maximum percent difference of
the three. This is the O2 interference.
(14) If the O2 interference is within 2%, the FID passes the O2 interference
verification; otherwise perform one or more of the following to address
the deficiency:
(i) Repeat the verification to determine if a mistake was made
during the procedure.
(ii) Select zero and span gases for emission testing that contain
higher or lower O2 concentrations and repeat the
verification.
(iii) Adjust FID burner air, fuel, and sample flow rates. Note that
if you adjust these flow rates on a THC FID to meet the O2
interference verification, you have reset RFCH4 for the next
RFCH4 verification according to Sec. 1065.360. Repeat the
O2 interference verification after adjustment and determine
RFCH4.
(iv) Repair or replace the FID and repeat the O2
interference verification.
(v) Demonstrate that the deficiency does not adversely affect your
ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission
standards.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37309, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.365 Nonmethane cutter penetration fractions.

(a) Scope and frequency. If you use a FID analyzer and a nonmethane
cutter (NMC) to measure methane (CH4), determine the
nonmethane cutter's penetration fractions of methane, PFCH4,
and ethane, PFC2H6. As detailed in this section, these
penetration fractions may be determined as a combination of NMC
penetration fractions and FID analyzer response factors, depending on
your particular NMC and FID analyzer configuration. Perform this
verification after installing the nonmethane cutter. Repeat this
verification within 185 days of testing to verify that the catalytic
activity of the cutter has not deteriorated. Note that because
nonmethane cutters can deteriorate rapidly and without warning if they
are operated outside of certain ranges of gas concentrations and outside
of certain temperature ranges, good engineering judgment may dictate
that you determine a nonmethane cutter's penetration fractions more
frequently.
(b) Measurement principles. A nonmethane cutter is a heated catalyst
that removes nonmethane hydrocarbons from an exhaust sample stream
before the FID analyzer measures the remaining hydrocarbon
concentration. An ideal nonmethane cutter would have a methane
penetration fraction, PFCH4, of 1.000, and the penetration
fraction for all other nonmethane hydrocarbons would be 0.000, as
represented by PFC2H6. The emission calculations in Sec.
1065.660 use the measured values from this verification to account for
less than ideal NMC performance.
(c) System requirements. We do not limit NMC penetration fractions
to a certain range. However, we recommend that you optimize a nonmethane
cutter by adjusting its temperature to achieve a PFCH4
0.85 and a PFC2H6 <0.02, as determined by
paragraphs (d), (e), or (f) of this section, as applicable. If we use a
nonmethane cutter for testing, it will meet this recommendation. If
adjusting NMC temperature does not result in achieving both of these
specifications simultaneously, we recommend that you replace the
catalyst material. Use the most recently determined penetration values
from this section to calculate HC emissions according to Sec. 1065.660
and Sec. 1065.665 as applicable.
(d) Procedure for a FID calibrated with the NMC. The method
described in this paragraph (d) is recommended over the procedures
specified in paragraphs (e)

[[Page 741]]

and (f) of this section. If your FID arrangement is such that a FID is
always calibrated to measure CH4 with the NMC, then span that
FID with the NMC using a CH4 span gas, set the product of
that FID's CH4 response factor and CH4 penetration
fraction, RFPFCH4[NMC-FID], equal to 1.0 for all emission
calculations, and determine its combined ethane
(C2H6) response factor and penetration fraction,
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] as follows:
(1) Select CH4 and C2H6 analytical
gas mixtures and ensure that both mixtures meet the specifications of
Sec. 1065.750. Select a CH4 concentration that you would use
for spanning the FID during emission testing and select a
C2H6 concentration that is typical of the peak
NMHC concentration expected at the hydrocarbon standard or equal to the
THC analyzer's span value.
(2) Start, operate, and optimize the nonmethane cutter according to
the manufacturer's instructions, including any temperature optimization.
(3) Confirm that the FID analyzer meets all the specifications of
Sec. 1065.360.
(4) Start and operate the FID analyzer according to the
manufacturer's instructions.
(5) Zero and span the FID with the nonmethane cutter as you would
during emission testing. Span the FID through the cutter by using
CH4 span gas.
(6) Introduce the C2H6 analytical gas mixture
upstream of the nonmethane cutter. Use good engineering judgment to
address the effect of hydrocarbon contamination if your point of
introduction is vastly different from the point of zero/span gas
introduction.
(7) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize. Stabilization
time may include time to purge the nonmethane cutter and to account for
the analyzer's response.
(8) While the analyzer measures a stable concentration, record 30
seconds of sampled data. Calculate the arithmetic mean of these data
points.
(9) Divide the mean C2H6 concentration by the
reference concentration of C2H6, converted to a
C1 basis. The result is the C2H6
combined response factor and penetration fraction,
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use this combined response factor and
penetration fraction and the product of the CH4 response
factor and CH4 penetration fraction,
RFPFCH4[NMC-FID], set to 1.0 in emission calculations
according to Sec. 1065.660(b)(2)(i), Sec. 1065.660(c)(1)(i), or Sec.
1065.665, as applicable.
(e) Procedure for a FID calibrated with propane, bypassing the NMC.
If you use a single FID for THC and CH4 determination with an
NMC that is calibrated with propane, C3H8, by
bypassing the NMC, determine its penetration fractions,
PFC2H6[NMC-FID] and PFCH4[NMC-FID], as follows:
(1) Select CH4 and C2H6 analytical
gas mixtures and ensure that both mixtures meet the specifications of
Sec. 1065.750. Select a CH4 concentration that you would use
for spanning the FID during emission testing and select a
C2H6 concentration that is typical of the peak
NMHC concentration expected at the hydrocarbon standard or equal to the
THC analyzer's span value.
(2) Start and operate the nonmethane cutter according to the
manufacturer's instructions, including any temperature optimization.
(3) Confirm that the FID analyzer meets all the specifications of
Sec. 1065.360.
(4) Start and operate the FID analyzer according to the
manufacturer's instructions.
(5) Zero and span the FID as you would during emission testing. Span
the FID by bypassing the cutter and by using C3H8
span gas.
(6) Introduce the C2H6 analytical gas mixture
upstream of the nonmethane cutter. Use good engineering judgment to
address the effect of hydrocarbon contamination if your point of
introduction is vastly different from the point of zero/span gas
introduction.
(7) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize. Stabilization
time may include time to purge the nonmethane cutter and to account for
the analyzer's response.
(8) While the analyzer measures a stable concentration, record 30
seconds of sampled data. Calculate the arithmetic mean of these data
points.
(9) Reroute the flow path to bypass the nonmethane cutter, introduce
the C2H6 analytical gas mixture, and repeat the
steps in paragraph (e)(7) through (e)(8) of this section.

[[Page 742]]

(10) Divide the mean C2H6 concentration
measured through the nonmethane cutter by the mean
C2H6 concentration measured after bypassing the
nonmethane cutter. The result is the C2H6
penetration fraction, PFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use this penetration
fraction according to Sec. 1065.660(b)(2)(ii), Sec.
1065.660(c)(1)(ii), or Sec. 1065.665, as applicable.
(11) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (e)(6) through (e)(10) of this
section, but with the CH4 analytical gas mixture instead of
C2H6. The result will be the CH4
penetration fraction, PFCH4[NMC-FID]. Use this penetration
fraction according to Sec. 1065.660(b)(2)(ii), Sec.
1065.660(c)(1)(ii), or Sec. 1065.665, as applicable.
(f) Procedure for a FID calibrated with methane, bypassing the NMC.
If you use a FID with an NMC that is calibrated with methane,
CH4, by bypassing the NMC, determine its combined ethane
(C2H6) response factor and penetration fraction,
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID], as well as its CH4 penetration
fraction, PFCH4[NMC-FID], as follows:
(1) Select CH4 and C2H6 analytical
gas mixtures and ensure that both mixtures meet the specifications of
Sec. 1065.750. Select a CH4 concentration that you would use
for spanning the FID during emission testing and select a
C2H6 concentration that is typical of the peak
NMHC concentration expected at the hydrocarbon standard or equal to the
THC analyzer's span value.
(2) Start and operate the nonmethane cutter according to the
manufacturer's instructions, including any temperature optimization.
(3) Confirm that the FID analyzer meets all the specifications of
Sec. 1065.360.
(4) Start and operate the FID analyzer according to the
manufacturer's instructions.
(5) Zero and span the FID as you would during emission testing. Span
the FID by bypassing the cutter and by using CH4 span gas.
Note that you must span the FID on a C1 basis. For example,
if your span gas has a methane reference value of 100 [micro]mol/mol,
the correct FID response to that span gas is 100 [micro]mol/mol because
there is one carbon atom per CH4 molecule.
(6) Introduce the C2H6 analytical gas mixture
upstream of the nonmethane cutter. Use good engineering judgment to
address the effect of hydrocarbon contamination if your point of
introduction is vastly different from the point of zero/span gas
introduction.
(7) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize. Stabilization
time may include time to purge the nonmethane cutter and to account for
the analyzer's response.
(8) While the analyzer measures a stable concentration, record 30
seconds of sampled data. Calculate the arithmetic mean of these data
points.
(9) Divide the mean C2H6 concentration by the
reference concentration of C2H6, converted to a
C1 basis. The result is the C2H6
combined response factor and penetration fraction,
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use this combined response factor and
penetration fraction according to Sec. 1065.660(b)(2)(iii), Sec.
1065.660(c)(1)(iii), or Sec. 1065.665, as applicable.
(10) Introduce the CH4 analytical gas mixture upstream of
the nonmethane cutter. Use good engineering judgment to address the
effect of hydrocarbon contamination if your point of introduction is
vastly different from the point of zero/span gas introduction.
(11) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize.
Stabilization time may include time to purge the nonmethane cutter and
to account for the analyzer's response.
(12) While the analyzer measures a stable concentration, record 30
seconds of sampled data. Calculate the arithmetic mean of these data
points.
(13) Reroute the flow path to bypass the nonmethane cutter,
introduce the CH4 analytical gas mixture, and repeat the
steps in paragraphs (e)(11) and (12) of this section.
(14) Divide the mean CH4 concentration measured through
the nonmethane cutter by the mean CH4 concentration measured
after bypassing the nonmethane cutter. The result is the CH4
penetration fraction, PFCH4[NMC-FID]. Use this penetration
fraction according to Sec. 1065.660(b)(2)(iii), Sec.
1065.660(c)(1)(iii), or Sec. 1065.665, as applicable.

[73 FR 37310, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56513, Oct. 30, 2009]

[[Page 743]]

NOX and N2O Measurements

Sec. 1065.370 CLD CO[bdi2] and H[bdi2]O quench verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. If you use a CLD analyzer to measure
NOX, verify the amount of H2O and CO2
quench after installing the CLD analyzer and after major maintenance.
(b) Measurement principles. H2O and CO2 can
negatively interfere with a CLD's NOX response by collisional
quenching, which inhibits the chemiluminescent reaction that a CLD
utilizes to detect NOX. This procedure and the calculations
in Sec. 1065.675 determine quench and scale the quench results to the
maximum mole fraction of H2O and the maximum CO2
concentration expected during emission testing. If the CLD analyzer uses
quench compensation algorithms that utilize H2O and/or
CO2 measurement instruments, evaluate quench with these
instruments active and evaluate quench with the compensation algorithms
applied.
(c) System requirements. A CLD analyzer must have a combined
H2O and CO2 quench of 2% or
less, though we strongly recommend a quench of 1%
or less. Combined quench is the sum of the CO2 quench
determined as described in paragraph (d) of this section, plus the
H2O quench determined in paragraph (e) of this section.
(d) CO2 quench verification procedure. Use the following
method to determine CO2 quench by using a gas divider that
blends binary span gases with zero gas as the diluent and meets the
specifications in Sec. 1065.248, or use good engineering judgment to
develop a different protocol:
(1) Use PTFE or stainless steel tubing to make necessary
connections.
(2) Configure the gas divider such that nearly equal amounts of the
span and diluent gases are blended with each other.
(3) If the CLD analyzer has an operating mode in which it detects
NO-only, as opposed to total NOX, operate the CLD analyzer in
the NO-only operating mode.
(4) Use a CO2 span gas that meets the specifications of
Sec. 1065.750 and a concentration that is approximately twice the
maximum CO2 concentration expected during emission testing.
(5) Use an NO span gas that meets the specifications of Sec.
1065.750 and a concentration that is approximately twice the maximum NO
concentration expected during emission testing.
(6) Zero and span the CLD analyzer. Span the CLD analyzer with the
NO span gas from paragraph (d)(5) of this section through the gas
divider. Connect the NO span gas to the span port of the gas divider;
connect a zero gas to the diluent port of the gas divider; use the same
nominal blend ratio selected in paragraph (d)(2) of this section; and
use the gas divider's output concentration of NO to span the CLD
analyzer. Apply gas property corrections as necessary to ensure accurate
gas division.
(7) Connect the CO2 span gas to the span port of the gas
divider.
(8) Connect the NO span gas to the diluent port of the gas divider.
(9) While flowing NO and CO2 through the gas divider,
stabilize the output of the gas divider. Determine the CO2
concentration from the gas divider output, applying gas property
correction as necessary to ensure accurate gas division. Record this
concentration, xCO2act, and use it in the quench verification
calculations in Sec. 1065.675. Alternatively, you may use a simple gas
blending device and use an NDIR to determine this CO2
concentration. If you use an NDIR, it must meet the requirements of this
part for laboratory testing and you must span it with the CO2
span gas from paragraph (d)(4) of this section.
(10) Measure the NO concentration downstream of the gas divider with
the CLD analyzer. Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize.
Stabilization time may include time to purge the transfer line and to
account for analyzer response. While the analyzer measures the sample's
concentration, record the analyzer's output for 30 seconds. Calculate
the arithmetic mean concentration from these data, xNOmeas.
Record xNOmeas, and use it in the quench verification
calculations in Sec. 1065.675.
(11) Calculate the actual NO concentration at the gas divider's
outlet, xNOact, based on the span gas concentrations and
xCO2act according to Equation 1065.675-2. Use the calculated
value in the quench verification calculations in Equation 1065.675-1.

[[Page 744]]

(12) Use the values recorded according to this paragraph (d) and
paragraph (e) of this section to calculate quench as described in Sec.
1065.675.
(e) H2O quench verification procedure. Use the following
method to determine H2O quench, or use good engineering
judgment to develop a different protocol:
(1) Use PTFE or stainless steel tubing to make necessary
connections.
(2) If the CLD analyzer has an operating mode in which it detects
NO-only, as opposed to total NOX, operate the CLD analyzer in
the NO-only operating mode.
(3) Use an NO span gas that meets the specifications of Sec.
1065.750 and a concentration that is near the maximum concentration
expected during emission testing.
(4) Zero and span the CLD analyzer. Span the CLD analyzer with the
NO span gas from paragraph (e)(3) of this section, record the span gas
concentration as xNOdry, and use it in the quench
verification calculations in Sec. 1065.675.
(5) Humidify the NO span gas by bubbling it through distilled water
in a sealed vessel. If the humidified NO span gas sample does not pass
through a sample dryer for this verification test, control the vessel
temperature to generate an H2O level approximately equal to
the maximum mole fraction of H2O expected during emission
testing. If the humidified NO span gas sample does not pass through a
sample dryer, the quench verification calculations in Sec. 1065.675
scale the measured H2O quench to the highest mole fraction of
H2O expected during emission testing. If the humidified NO
span gas sample passes through a dryer for this verification test,
control the vessel temperature to generate an H2O level at
least as high as the level determined in Sec. 1065.145(e)(2). For this
case, the quench verification calculations in Sec. 1065.675 do not
scale the measured H2O quench.
(6) Introduce the humidified NO test gas into the sample system. You
may introduce it upstream or downstream of any sample dryer that is used
during emission testing. Note that the sample dryer must meet the sample
dryer verification check in Sec. 1065.342.
(7) Measure the mole fraction of H2O in the humidified NO
span gas downstream of the sample dryer, xH2Omeas. We
recommend that you measure xH2Omeas as close as possible to
the CLD analyzer inlet. You may calculate xH2Omeas from
measurements of dew point, Tdew, and absolute pressure,
ptotal.
(8) Use good engineering judgment to prevent condensation in the
transfer lines, fittings, or valves from the point where
xH2Omeas is measured to the analyzer. We recommend that you
design your system so the wall temperatures in the transfer lines,
fittings, and valves from the point where xH2Omeas is
measured to the analyzer are at least 5 [deg]C above the local sample
gas dew point.
(9) Measure the humidified NO span gas concentration with the CLD
analyzer. Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize.
Stabilization time may include time to purge the transfer line and to
account for analyzer response. While the analyzer measures the sample's
concentration, record the analyzer's output for 30 seconds. Calculate
the arithmetic mean of these data, xNOwet. Record
xNOwet and use it in the quench verification calculations in
Sec. 1065.675.
(f) Corrective action. If the sum of the H2O quench plus
the CO2 quench is less than -2% or greater than +2%, take
corrective action by repairing or replacing the analyzer. Before running
emission tests, verify that the corrective action successfully restored
the analyzer to proper functioning.
(g) Exceptions. The following exceptions apply:
(1) You may omit this verification if you can show by engineering
analysis that for your NOX sampling system and your emission
calculation procedures, the combined CO2 and H2O
interference for your NOX CLD analyzer always affects your
brake-specific NOX emission results within no more than
1% of the applicable NOX standard. If
you certify to a combined emission standard (such as a NOX +
NMHC standard), scale your NOX results to the combined
standard based on the measured results (after incorporating
deterioration factors, if applicable). For example, if your final
NOX + NMHC value is half of the emission standard, double the
NOX result to

[[Page 745]]

estimate the level of NOX emissions corresponding to the
applicable standard.
(2) You may use a NOX CLD analyzer that you determine
does not meet this verification, as long as you try to correct the
problem and the measurement deficiency does not adversely affect your
ability to show that engines comply with all applicable emission
standards.

[73 FR 59328, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 73789, Dec. 4, 2008; 75
FR 23041, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57447, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.372 NDUV analyzer HC and H[bdi2]O interference verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. If you measure NOX using an NDUV
analyzer, verify the amount of H2O and hydrocarbon
interference after initial analyzer installation and after major
maintenance.
(b) Measurement principles. Hydrocarbons and H2O can
positively interfere with an NDUV analyzer by causing a response similar
to NOX. If the NDUV analyzer uses compensation algorithms
that utilize measurements of other gases to meet this interference
verification, simultaneously conduct such measurements to test the
algorithms during the analyzer interference verification.
(c) System requirements. A NOX NDUV analyzer must have
combined H2O and HC interference within 2% of the flow-weighted mean concentration of
NOX expected at the standard, though we strongly recommend
keeping interference within 1%.
(d) Procedure. Perform the interference verification as follows:
(1) Start, operate, zero, and span the NOX NDUV analyzer
according to the instrument manufacturer's instructions.
(2) We recommend that you extract engine exhaust to perform this
verification. Use a CLD that meets the specifications of subpart C of
this part to quantify NOX in the exhaust. Use the CLD
response as the reference value. Also measure HC in the exhaust with a
FID analyzer that meets the specifications of subpart C of this part.
Use the FID response as the reference hydrocarbon value.
(3) Upstream of any sample dryer, if one is used during testing,
introduce the engine exhaust to the NDUV analyzer.
(4) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize. Stabilization
time may include time to purge the transfer line and to account for
analyzer response.
(5) While all analyzers measure the sample's concentration, record
30 seconds of sampled data, and calculate the arithmetic means for the
three analyzers.
(6) Subtract the CLD mean from the NDUV mean.
(7) Multiply this difference by the ratio of the flow-weighted mean
HC concentration expected at the standard to the HC concentration
measured during the verification. The analyzer meets the interference
verification of this section if this result is within 2% of the NOX concentration expected at the
standard.
(e) Exceptions. The following exceptions apply:
(1) You may omit this verification if you can show by engineering
analysis that for your NOX sampling system and your emission
calculation procedures, the combined HC and H2O interference
for your NOX NDUV analyzer always affects your brake-specific
NOX emission results by less than 0.5% of the applicable
NOX standard.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37312, June 30, 2008;
76 FR 57447, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.375 Interference verification for N2O analyzers.

(a) Scope and frequency. See Sec. 1065.275 to determine whether you
need to verify the amount of interference after initial analyzer
installation and after major maintenance.
(b) Measurement principles. Interference gasses can positively
interfere with certain analyzers by causing a response similar to
N2O. If the analyzer uses compensation algorithms that
utilize measurements of other gases to meet this interference
verification, simultaneously conduct these other measurements to test
the compensation algorithms during the analyzer interference
verification.

[[Page 746]]

(c) System requirements. Analyzers must have combined interference
that is within (0.0 1.0) [micro]mol/mol. We
strongly recommend a lower interference that is within (0.0 0.5) [micro]mol/mol.
(d) Procedure. Perform the interference verification as follows:
(1) Start, operate, zero, and span the N2O analyzer as
you would before an emission test. If the sample is passed through a
dryer during emission testing, you may run this verification test with
the dryer if it meets the requirements of Sec. 1065.342. Operate the
dryer at the same conditions as you will for an emission test. You may
also run this verification test without the sample dryer.
(2) Create a humidified test gas by bubbling a multi component span
gas that incorporates the target interference species and meets the
specifications in Sec. 1065.750 through distilled water in a sealed
vessel. If the sample is not passed through a dryer during emission
testing, control the vessel temperature to generate an H2O
level at least as high as the maximum expected during emission testing.
If the sample is passed through a dryer during emission testing, control
the vessel temperature to generate an H2O level at least as
high as the level determined in Sec. 1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer. Use
interference span gas concentrations that are at least as high as the
maximum expected during testing.
(3) Introduce the humidified interference test gas into the sample
system. You may introduce it downstream of any sample dryer, if one is
used during testing.
(4) If the sample is not passed through a dryer during this
verification test, measure the water mole fraction, xH2O, of
the humidified interference test gas as close as possible to the inlet
of the analyzer. For example, measure dewpoint, Tdew, and
absolute pressure, ptotal, to calculate xH2O.
Verify that the water content meets the requirement in paragraph (d)(2)
of this section. If the sample is passed through a dryer during this
verification test, you must verify that the water content of the
humidified test gas downstream of the vessel meets the requirement in
paragraph (d)(2) of this section based on either direct measurement of
the water content (e.g., dewpoint and pressure) or an estimate based on
the vessel pressure and temperature. Use good engineering judgment to
estimate the water content. For example, you may use previous direct
measurements of water content to verify the vessel's level of
saturation.
(5) If a sample dryer is not used in this verification test, use
good engineering judgment to prevent condensation in the transfer lines,
fittings, or valves from the point where xH2O is measured to
the analyzer. We recommend that you design your system so that the wall
temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from the point
where xH2O is measured to the analyzer are at least 5 [deg]C
above the local sample gas dewpoint.
(6) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize. Stabilization
time may include time to purge the transfer line and to account for
analyzer response.
(7) While the analyzer measures the sample's concentration, record
its output for 30 seconds. Calculate the arithmetic mean of this data.
(8) The analyzer meets the interference verification if the result
of paragraph (d)(7) of this section meets the tolerance in paragraph (c)
of this section.
(9) You may also run interference procedures separately for
individual interference gases. If the interference gas levels used are
higher than the maximum levels expected during testing, you may scale
down each observed interference value by multiplying the observed
interference by the ratio of the maximum expected concentration value to
the actual value used during this procedure. You may run separate
interference concentrations of H2O (down to 0.025 mol/mol
H2O content) that are lower than the maximum levels expected
during testing, but you must scale up the observed H2O
interference by multiplying the observed interference by the ratio of
the maximum expected H2O concentration value to the actual
value used during this procedure. The sum of the scaled

[[Page 747]]

interference values must meet the tolerance specified in paragraph (c)
of this section.

[74 FR 56515, Oct. 30, 2009]

Sec. 1065.376 Chiller NO2 penetration.

(a) Scope and frequency. If you use a chiller to dry a sample
upstream of a NOX measurement instrument, but you don't use
an NO2-to-NO converter upstream of the chiller, you must perform this
verification for chiller NO2 penetration. Perform this verification
after initial installation and after major maintenance.
(b) Measurement principles. A chiller removes water, which can
otherwise interfere with a NOX measurement. However, liquid
water remaining in an improperly designed chiller can remove NO2 from
the sample. If a chiller is used without an NO2-to-NO converter
upstream, it could remove NO2 from the sample prior NOX
measurement.
(c) System requirements. A chiller must allow for measuring at least
95% of the total NO2 at the maximum expected concentration of NO2.
(d) Procedure. Use the following procedure to verify chiller
performance:
(1) Instrument setup. Follow the analyzer and chiller manufacturers'
start-up and operating instructions. Adjust the analyzer and chiller as
needed to optimize performance.
(2) Equipment setup and data collection. (i) Zero and span the total
NOX gas analyzer(s) as you would before emission testing.
(ii) Select an NO2 calibration gas, balance gas of dry air, that has
an NO2 concentration within 5% of the maximum NO2
concentration expected during testing.
(iii) Overflow this calibration gas at the gas sampling system's
probe or overflow fitting. Allow for stabilization of the total
NOX response, accounting only for transport delays and
instrument response.
(iv) Calculate the mean of 30 seconds of recorded total
NOX data and record this value as xNOXref.
(v) Stop flowing the NO2 calibration gas.
(vi) Next saturate the sampling system by overflowing a dewpoint
generator's output, set at a dewpoint of 50 [deg]C, to the gas sampling
system's probe or overflow fitting. Sample the dewpoint generator's
output through the sampling system and chiller for at least 10 minutes
until the chiller is expected to be removing a constant rate of water.
(vii) Immediately switch back to overflowing the NO2 calibration gas
used to establish xNOxref. Allow for stabilization of the
total NOX response, accounting only for transport delays and
instrument response. Calculate the mean of 30 seconds of recorded total
NOX data and record this value as xNOxmeas.
(viii) Correct xNOxmeas to xNOxdry based upon
the residual water vapor that passed through the chiller at the
chiller's outlet temperature and pressure.
(3) Performance evaluation. If xNOxdry is less than 95%
of xNOxref, repair or replace the chiller.
(e) Exceptions. The following exceptions apply:
(1) You may omit this verification if you can show by engineering
analysis that for your NOX sampling system and your emission
calculations procedures, the chiller always affects your brake-specific
NOX emission results by less than 0.5% of the applicable
NOX standard.
(2) You may use a chiller that you determine does not meet this
verification, as long as you try to correct the problem and the
measurement deficiency does not adversely affect your ability to show
that engines comply with all applicable emission standards.

[73 FR 37312, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.378 NO[bdi2]-to-NO converter conversion verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. If you use an analyzer that measures only
NO to determine NOX, you must use an NO2-to-NO
converter upstream of the analyzer. Perform this verification after
installing the converter, after major maintenance and within 35 days
before an emission test. This verification must be repeated at this
frequency to verify that the catalytic activity of the NO2-
to-NO converter has not deteriorated.
(b) Measurement principles. An NO2-to-NO converter allows
an analyzer that measures only NO to determine total

[[Page 748]]

NOX by converting the NO2 in exhaust to NO.
(c) System requirements. An NO2-to-NO converter must
allow for measuring at least 95% of the total NO2 at the
maximum expected concentration of NO2.
(d) Procedure. Use the following procedure to verify the performance
of a NO2-to-NO converter:
(1) Instrument setup. Follow the analyzer and NO2-to-NO converter
manufacturers' start-up and operating instructions. Adjust the analyzer
and converter as needed to optimize performance.
(2) Equipment setup. Connect an ozonator's inlet to a zero-air or
oxygen source and connect its outlet to one port of a three-way tee
fitting. Connect an NO span gas to another port, and connect the NO2-to-
NO converter inlet to the last port.
(3) Adjustments and data collection. Perform this check as follows:
(i) Set ozonator air off, turn ozonator power off, and set the
analyzer to NO mode. Allow for stabilization, accounting only for
transport delays and instrument response.
(ii) Use an NO concentration that is representative of the peak
total NOX concentration expected during testing. The NO2
content of the gas mixture shall be less than 5% of the NO
concentration. Record the concentration of NO by calculating the mean of
30 seconds of sampled data from the analyzer and record this value as
xNOref.
(iii) Turn on the ozonator O2 supply and adjust the
O2 flow rate so the NO indicated by the analyzer is about 10
percent less than xNOref. Record the concentration of NO by
calculating the mean of 30 seconds of sampled data from the analyzer and
record this value as xNO+O2mix.
(iv) Switch the ozonator on and adjust the ozone generation rate so
the NO measured by the analyzer is 20 percent of xNOref or a
value which would simulate the maximum concentration of NO2
expected during testing, while maintaining at least 10 percent unreacted
NO. This ensures that the ozonator is generating NO2 at the
maximum concentration expected during testing. Record the concentration
of NO by calculating the mean of 30 seconds of sampled data from the
analyzer and record this value as xNOmeas.
(v) Switch the NOX analyzer to NOX mode and
measure total NOX. Record the concentration of NOX
by calculating the mean of 30 seconds of sampled data from the analyzer
and record this value as xNOxmeas.
(vi) Switch off the ozonator but maintain gas flow through the
system. The NOX analyzer will indicate the NOX in
the NO + O2 mixture. Record the concentration of
NOX by calculating the mean of 30 seconds of sampled data
from the analyzer and record this value as xNOx+O2mix.
(vii) Turn off the ozonator O2 supply. The NOX
analyzer will indicate the NOX in the original NO-in-
N2 mixture. Record the concentration of NOX by
calculating the mean of 30 seconds of sampled data from the analyzer and
record this value as xNOxref. This value should be no more
than 5 percent above the xNOref value.
(4) Performance evaluation. Calculate the efficiency of the
NOX converter by substituting the concentrations obtained
into the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.097

(5) If the result is less than 95%, repair or replace the
NO2-to-NO converter.
(e) Exceptions. The following exceptions apply:
(1) You may omit this verification if you can show by engineering
analysis that for your NOX sampling system and your emission
calculations procedures, the converter always affects your brake-
specific NOX emission results by

[[Page 749]]

less than 0.5% of the applicable NOX standard.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37313, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59330, Oct. 8, 2008; 76 FR 57447, Sept. 15, 2011]

PM Measurements

Sec. 1065.390 PM balance verifications and weighing process verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. This section describes three verifications.
(1) Independent verification of PM balance performance within 370
days before weighing any filter.
(2) Zero and span the balance within 12 h before weighing any
filter.
(3) Verify that the mass determination of reference filters before
and after a filter weighing session are less than a specified tolerance.
(b) Independent verification. Have the balance manufacturer (or a
representative approved by the balance manufacturer) verify the balance
performance within 370 days of testing.
(c) Zeroing and spanning. You must verify balance performance by
zeroing and spanning it with at least one calibration weight, and any
weights you use must that meet the specifications in Sec. 1065.790 to
perform this verification.
(1) Use a manual procedure in which you zero the balance and span
the balance with at least one calibration weight. If you normally use
mean values by repeating the weighing process to improve the accuracy
and precision of PM measurements, use the same process to verify balance
performance.
(2) You may use an automated procedure to verify balance
performance. For example many balances have internal calibration weights
that are used automatically to verify balance performance.
(d) Reference sample weighing. Verify all mass readings during a
weighing session by weighing reference PM sample media (e.g., filters)
before and after a weighing session. A weighing session may be as short
as desired, but no longer than 80 hours, and may include both pre-test
and post-test mass readings. We recommend that weighing sessions be
eight hours or less. Successive mass determinations of each reference PM
sample media (e.g., filter) must return the same value within 10 [micro]g or 10% of the net PM
mass expected at the standard (if known), whichever is higher. If
successive reference PM sample media (e.g., filter) weighing events fail
this criterion, invalidate all individual test media (e.g., filter) mass
readings occurring between the successive reference media (e.g., filter)
mass determinations. You may reweigh these media (e.g., filter) in
another weighing session. If you invalidate a pre-test media (e.g.,
filter) mass determination, that test interval is void. Perform this
verification as follows:
(1) Keep at least two samples of unused PM sample media (e.g.,
filters) in the PM-stabilization environment. Use these as references.
If you collect PM with filters, select unused filters of the same
material and size for use as references. You may periodically replace
references, using good engineering judgment.
(2) Stabilize references in the PM stabilization environment.
Consider references stabilized if they have been in the PM-stabilization
environment for a minimum of 30 min, and the PM-stabilization
environment has been within the specifications of Sec. 1065.190(d) for
at least the preceding 60 min.
(3) Exercise the balance several times with a reference sample. We
recommend weighing ten samples without recording the values.
(4) Zero and span the balance. Using good engineering judgment,
place a test mass such as a calibration weight on the balance, then
remove it. After spanning, confirm that the balance returns to a zero
reading within the normal stabilization time.
(5) Weigh each of the reference media (e.g., filters) and record
their masses. We recommend using substitution weighing as described in
Sec. 1065.590(j). If you normally use mean values by repeating the
weighing process to improve the accuracy and precision of the reference
media (e.g., filter) mass, you must use mean values of sample media
(e.g., filter) masses.
(6) Record the balance environment dewpoint, ambient temperature,
and atmospheric pressure.
(7) Use the recorded ambient conditions to correct results for
buoyancy as

[[Page 750]]

described in Sec. 1065.690. Record the buoyancy-corrected mass of each
of the references.
(8) Subtract each reference media's (e.g., filter's) buoyancy-
corrected reference mass from its previously measured and recorded
buoyancy-corrected mass.
(9) If any of the reference filters' observed mass changes by more
than that allowed under this paragraph, you must invalidate all PM mass
determinations made since the last successful reference media (e.g.
filter) mass validation. You may discard reference PM media (e.g.
filters) if only one of the filter's mass changes by more than the
allowable amount and you can positively identify a special cause for
that filter's mass change that would not have affected other in-process
filters. Thus, the validation can be considered a success. In this case,
you do not have to include the contaminated reference media when
determining compliance with paragraph (d)(10) of this section, but the
affected reference filter must be immediately discarded and replaced
prior to the next weighing session.
(10) If any of the reference masses change by more than that allowed
under this paragraph (d), invalidate all PM results that were determined
between the two times that the reference masses were determined. If you
discarded reference PM sample media according to paragraph (d)(9) of
this section, you must still have at least one reference mass difference
that meets the criteria in this paragraph (d). Otherwise, you must
invalidate all PM results that were determined between the two times
that the reference media (e.g., filters) masses were determined.

[73 FR 37313, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23042, Apr. 30, 2010;
75 FR 68463, Nov. 8, 2010]

Sec. 1065.395 Inertial PM balance verifications.

This section describes how to verify the performance of an inertial
PM balance.
(a) Independent verification. Have the balance manufacturer (or a
representative approved by the balance manufacturer) verify the inertial
balance performance within 370 days before testing.
(b) Other verifications. Perform other verifications using good
engineering judgment and instrument manufacturer recommendations.

Subpart E_Engine Selection, Preparation, and Maintenance

Sec. 1065.401 Test engine selection.

While all engine configurations within a certified engine family
must comply with the applicable standards in the standard-setting part,
you need not test each configuration for certification.
(a) Select an engine configuration within the engine family for
testing, as follows:
(1) Test the engine that we specify, whether we issue general
guidance or give you specific instructions.
(2) If we do not tell you which engine to test, follow any
instructions in the standard-setting part.
(3) If we do not tell you which engine to test and the standard-
setting part does not include specifications for selecting test engines,
use good engineering judgment to select the engine configuration within
the engine family that is most likely to exceed an emission standard.
(b) In the absence of other information, the following
characteristics are appropriate to consider when selecting the engine to
test:
(1) Maximum fueling rates.
(2) Maximum loads.
(3) Maximum in-use speeds.
(4) Highest sales volume.
(c) For our testing, we may select any engine configuration within
the engine family.

Sec. 1065.405 Test engine preparation and maintenance.

This part 1065 describes how to test engines for a variety of
purposes, including certification testing, production-line testing, and
in-use testing. Depending on which type of testing is being conducted,
different preparation and maintenance requirements apply for the test
engine.
(a) If you are testing an emission-data engine for certification,
make sure it is built to represent production

[[Page 751]]

engines. This includes governors that you normally install on production
engines. Production engines should also be tested with their installed
governors. If you do not install governors on production engines,
simulate a governor that is representative of a governor that others
will install on your production engines.
(b) Testing generally occurs only after the test engine has
undergone a stabilization step (or in-use operation). If the engine has
not already been stabilized, run the test engine, with all emission
control systems operating, long enough to stabilize emission levels.
Note that you must generally use the same stabilization procedures for
emission-data engines for which you apply the same deterioration factors
so low-hour emission-data engines are consistent with the low-hour
engine used to develop the deterioration factor.
(1) Unless otherwise specified in the standard-setting part, you may
consider emission levels stable without measurement after 50 h of
operation. If the engine needs less operation to stabilize emission
levels, record your reasons and the methods for doing this, and give us
these records if we ask for them. If the engine will be tested for
certification as a low-hour engine, see the standard-setting part for
limits on testing engines to establish low-hour emission levels.
(2) You may stabilize emissions from a catalytic exhaust
aftertreatment device by operating it on a different engine, consistent
with good engineering judgment. Note that good engineering judgment
requires that you consider both the purpose of the test and how your
stabilization method will affect the development and application of
deterioration factors. For example, this method of stabilization is
generally not appropriate for production engines. We may also allow you
to stabilize emissions from a catalytic exhaust aftertreatment device by
operating it on an engine-exhaust simulator.
(c) Record any maintenance, modifications, parts changes, diagnostic
or emissions testing and document the need for each event. You must
provide this information if we request it.
(d) For accumulating operating hours on your test engines, select
engine operation that represents normal in-use operation for the engine
family.
(e) If your engine will be used in a vehicle equipped with a
canister for storing evaporative hydrocarbons for eventual combustion in
the engine and the test sequence involves a cold-start or hot-start duty
cycle, attach a canister to the engine before running an emission test.
You may omit using an evaporative canister for any hot-stabilized duty
cycles. You may request to omit using an evaporative canister during
testing if you can show that it would not affect your ability to show
compliance with the applicable emission standards. You may operate the
engine without an installed canister for service accumulation. Prior to
an emission test, use the following steps to attach a canister to your
engine:
(1) Use a canister and plumbing arrangement that represents the in-
use configuration of the largest capacity canister in all expected
applications.
(2) Use a canister that is fully loaded with fuel vapors.
(3) Connect the canister's purge port to the engine.
(4) Plug the canister port that is normally connected to the fuel
tank.

[73 FR 37314, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.410 Maintenance limits for stabilized test engines.

(a) After you stabilize the test engine's emission levels, you may
do maintenance as allowed by the standard-setting part. However, you may
not do any maintenance based on emission measurements from the test
engine (i.e., unscheduled maintenance).
(b) For any critical emission-related maintenance--other than what
we specifically allow in the standard-setting part--you must completely
test an engine for emissions before and after doing any maintenance that
might affect emissions, unless we waive this requirement.
(c) Keep a record of the inspection and update your application to
document any changes as a result of the inspection. You may use
equipment, instruments, or engineering grade tools to identify bad
engine components. Any equipment, instruments, or tools

[[Page 752]]

used for scheduled maintenance on emission data engines must be
representative of what is planned to be available to dealerships and
other service outlets.
(d) If we determine that a part failure, system malfunction, or
associated repairs have made the engine's emission controls
unrepresentative of production engines, you may no longer use it as an
emission-data engine. Also, if your test engine has a major mechanical
failure that requires you to take it apart, you may no longer use it as
an emission-data engine.
(e) If we determine that a part failure, system malfunction, or
associated repairs have made the engine's emission controls
unrepresentative of production engines, you may no longer use it as an
emission-data. Also, if your test engine has a major mechanical failure
that requires you to take it apart, you may no longer use it as an
emission-data engine.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37314, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.415 Durability demonstration.

If the standard-setting part requires durability testing, you must
accumulate service in a way that represents how you expect the engine to
operate in use. You may accumulate service hours using an accelerated
schedule, such as through continuous operation or by using duty cycles
that are more aggressive than in-use operation, subject to any pre-
approval requirements established in the applicable standard-setting
part.
(a) Maintenance. The following limits apply to the maintenance that
we allow you to do on an emission-data engine:
(1) You may perform scheduled maintenance that you recommend to
operators, but only if it is consistent with the standard-setting part's
restrictions.
(2) You may perform additional maintenance only as specified in
Sec. 1065.410 or allowed by the standard-setting part.
(b) Emission measurements. Perform emission tests following the
provisions of the standard setting part and this part, as applicable.
Perform emission tests to determine deterioration factors consistent
with good engineering judgment. Evenly space any tests between the first
and last test points throughout the durability period, unless we approve
otherwise.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37315, June 30, 2008]

Subpart F_Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles

Sec. 1065.501 Overview.

(a) Use the procedures detailed in this subpart to measure engine
emissions over a specified duty cycle. Refer to subpart J of this part
for field test procedures that describe how to measure emissions during
in-use engine operation. This section describes how to:
(1) Map your engine, if applicable, by recording specified speed and
torque data, as measured from the engine's primary output shaft.
(2) Transform normalized duty cycles into reference duty cycles for
your engine by using an engine map.
(3) Prepare your engine, equipment, and measurement instruments for
an emission test.
(4) Perform pre-test procedures to verify proper operation of
certain equipment and analyzers.
(5) Record pre-test data.
(6) Start or restart the engine and sampling systems.
(7) Sample emissions throughout the duty cycle.
(8) Record post-test data.
(9) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation of
certain equipment and analyzers.
(10) Weigh PM samples.
(b) An emission test generally consists of measuring emissions and
other parameters while an engine follows one or more duty cycles that
are specified in the standard-setting part. There are two general types
of duty cycles:
(1) Transient cycles. Transient duty cycles are typically specified
in the standard-setting part as a second-by-second sequence of speed
commands and normalized torque (or power) commands. Operate an engine
over a transient cycle such that the speed and torque of the engine's
primary output shaft follows the target values. Proportionally sample
emissions and other parameters and use the calculations in

[[Page 753]]

subpart G of this part to calculate emissions. Start a transient test
according to the standard-setting part, as follows:
(i) A cold-start transient cycle where you start to measure
emissions just before starting an engine that has not been warmed up.
(ii) A hot-start transient cycle where you start to measure
emissions just before starting a warmed-up engine.
(iii) A hot running transient cycle where you start to measure
emissions after an engine is started, warmed up, and running.
(2) Steady-state cycles. Steady-state duty cycles are typically
specified in the standard-setting part as a list of discrete operating
points (modes or notches), where each operating point has one value of a
normalized speed command and one value of a normalized torque (or power)
command. Ramped-modal cycles for steady-state testing also list test
times for each mode and transition times between modes where speed and
torque are linearly ramped between modes, even for cycles with % power.
Start a steady-state cycle as a hot running test, where you start to
measure emissions after an engine is started, warmed up and running. You
may run a steady-state duty cycle as a discrete-mode cycle or a ramped-
modal cycle, as follows:
(i) Discrete-mode cycles. Before emission sampling, stabilize an
engine at the first discrete mode. Sample emissions and other parameters
for that mode in the same manner as a transient cycle, with the
exception that reference speed and torque values are constant. Record
mean values for that mode, and then stabilize the engine at the next
mode. Continue to sample each mode discretely as separate test intervals
and calculate weighted emission results according to the standard-
setting part.
(ii) Ramped-modal cycles. Perform ramped-modal cycles similar to the
way you would perform transient cycles, except that ramped-modal cycles
involve mostly steady-state engine operation. Generate a ramped-modal
duty cycle as a sequence of second-by-second (1 Hz) reference speed and
torque points. Run the ramped-modal duty cycle in the same manner as a
transient cycle and use the 1 Hz reference speed and torque values to
validate the cycle, even for cycles with % power. Proportionally sample
emissions and other parameters during the cycle and use the calculations
in subpart G of this part to calculate emissions.
(c) Other subparts in this part identify how to select and prepare
an engine for testing (subpart E), how to perform the required engine
service accumulation (subpart E), and how to calculate emission results
(subpart G).
(d) Subpart J of this part describes how to perform field testing.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37315, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 23042, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.510 Engine mapping.

(a) Applicability, scope, and frequency. An engine map is a data set
that consists of a series of paired data points that represent the
maximum brake torque versus engine speed, measured at the engine's
primary output shaft. Map your engine if the standard-setting part
requires engine mapping to generate a duty cycle for your engine
configuration. Map your engine while it is connected to a dynamometer or
other device that can absorb work output from the engine's primary
output shaft according to Sec. 1065.110. To establish speed and torque
values for mapping, we generally recommend that you stabilize an engine
for at least 15 seconds at each setpoint and record the mean feedback
speed and torque of the last (4 to 6) seconds. Configure any auxiliary
work inputs and outputs such as hybrid, turbo-compounding, or
thermoelectric systems to represent their in-use configurations, and use
the same configuration for emission testing. See Figure 1 of Sec.
1065.210. This may involve configuring initial states of charge and
rates and times of auxiliary-work inputs and outputs. We recommend that
you contact the Designated Compliance Officer before testing to
determine how you should configure any auxiliary-work inputs and
outputs. Use the most recent engine map to transform a normalized duty
cycle from the standard-setting part to a reference duty cycle specific
to your engine. Normalized duty cycles are specified in the standard-
setting part. You may update

[[Page 754]]

an engine map at any time by repeating the engine-mapping procedure. You
must map or re-map an engine before a test if any of the following
apply:
(1) If you have not performed an initial engine map.
(2) If the atmospheric pressure near the engine's air inlet is not
within 5 kPa of the atmospheric pressure recorded
at the time of the last engine map.
(3) If the engine or emission-control system has undergone changes
that might affect maximum torque performance. This includes changing the
configuration of auxiliary work inputs and outputs.
(4) If you capture an incomplete map on your first attempt or you do
not complete a map within the specified time tolerance. You may repeat
mapping as often as necessary to capture a complete map within the
specified time.
(b) Mapping variable-speed engines. Map variable-speed engines as
follows:
(1) Record the atmospheric pressure.
(2) Warm up the engine by operating it. We recommend operating the
engine at any speed and at approximately 75% of its expected maximum
power. Continue the warm-up until the engine coolant, block, or head
absolute temperature is within 2% of its mean
value for at least 2 min or until the engine thermostat controls engine
temperature.
(3) Operate the engine at its warm idle speed as follows:
(i) For engines with a low-speed governor, set the operator demand
to minimum, use the dynamometer or other loading device to target a
torque of zero on the engine's primary output shaft, and allow the
engine to govern the speed. Measure this warm idle speed; we recommend
recording at least 30 values of speed and using the mean of those
values.
(ii) For engines without a low-speed governor, operate the engine at
warm idle speed and zero torque on the engine's primary output shaft.
You may use the dynamometer to target a torque of zero on the engine's
primary output shaft, and manipulate the operator demand to control the
speed to target the manufacturer-declared value for the lowest engine
speed possible with minimum load (also known as manufacturer-declared
warm idle speed). You may alternatively use the dynamometer to target
the manufacturer-declared warm idle speed and manipulate the operator
demand to control the torque on the engine's primary output shaft to
zero.
(iii) For variable-speed engines with or without a low-speed
governor, if a nonzero idle torque is representative of in-use
operation, you may use the dynamometer or operator demand to target the
manufacturer-declared idle torque instead of targeting zero torque as
specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section. Control
speed as specified in paragraph (b)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section, as
applicable. If you use this option for engines with a low-speed governor
to measure the warm idle speed with the manufacturer-declared torque at
this step, you may use this as the warm-idle speed for cycle generation
as specified in paragraph (b)(6) of this section. However, if you
identify multiple warm idle torques under paragraph (f)(4)(i) of this
section, measure the warm idle speed at only one torque level for this
paragraph (b)(3).
(4) Set operator demand to maximum and control engine speed at (95
1) % of its warm idle speed determined above for
at least 15 seconds. For engines with reference duty cycles whose lowest
speed is greater than warm idle speed, you may start the map at (95
1) % of the lowest reference speed.
(5) Perform one of the following:
(i) For any engine subject only to steady-state duty cycles, you may
perform an engine map by using discrete speeds. Select at least 20
evenly spaced setpoints from 95% of warm idle speed to the highest speed
above maximum power at which 50% of maximum power occurs. We refer to
this 50% speed as the check point speed as described in paragraph
(b)(5)(iii) of this section. At each setpoint, stabilize speed and allow
torque to stabilize. Record the mean speed and torque at each setpoint.
Use linear interpolation to determine intermediate speeds and torques.
Use this series of speeds and torques to generate the power map as
described in paragraph (e) of this section.

[[Page 755]]

(ii) For any variable-speed engine, you may perform an engine map by
using a continuous sweep of speed by continuing to record the mean
feedback speed and torque at 1 Hz or more frequently and increasing
speed at a constant rate such that it takes (4 to 6) min to sweep from
95% of warm idle speed to the check point speed as described in
paragraph (b)(5)(iii) of this section. Use good engineering judgment to
determine when to stop recording data to ensure that the sweep is
complete. In most cases, this means that you can stop the sweep at any
point after the power falls to 50% of the maximum value. From the series
of mean speed and maximum torque values, use linear interpolation to
determine intermediate values. Use this series of speeds and torques to
generate the power map as described in paragraph (e) of this section.
(iii) The check point speed of the map is the highest speed above
maximum power at which 50% of maximum power occurs. If this speed is
unsafe or unachievable (e.g., for ungoverned engines or engines that do
not operate at that point), use good engineering judgment to map up to
the maximum safe speed or maximum achievable speed. For discrete
mapping, if the engine cannot be mapped to the check point speed, make
sure the map includes at least 20 points from 95% of warm idle to the
maximum mapped speed. For continuous mapping, if the engine cannot be
mapped to the check point speed, verify that the sweep time from 95% of
warm idle to the maximum mapped speed is (4 to 6) min.
(iv) Note that under Sec. 1065.10(c)(1) we may allow you to
disregard portions of the map when selecting maximum test speed if the
specified procedure would result in a duty cycle that does not represent
in-use operation.
(6) Use one of the following methods to determine warm high-idle
speed for engines with a high-speed governor if they are subject to
transient testing with a duty cycle that includes reference speed values
above 100%:
(i) You may use a manufacturer-declared warm high-idle speed if the
engine is electronically governed. For engines with a high-speed
governor that shuts off torque output at a manufacturer-specified speed
and reactivates at a lower manufacturer-specified speed (such as engines
that use ignition cut-off for governing), declare the middle of the
specified speed range as the warm high-idle speed.
(ii) Measure the warm high-idle speed using the following procedure:
(A) Set operator demand to maximum and use the dynamometer to target
zero torque on the engine's primary output shaft. If the mean feedback
torque is within 1% of Tmax mapped, you
may use the observed mean feedback speed at that point as the measured
warm high-idle speed.
(B) If the engine is unstable as a result of in-use production
components (such as engines that use ignition cut-off for governing, as
opposed to unstable dynamometer operation), you must use the mean
feedback speed from paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(A) of this section as the
measured warm high-idle speed. The engine is considered unstable if any
of the 1 Hz speed feedback values are not within 2% of the calculated mean feedback speed. We recommend
that you determine the mean as the value representing the midpoint
between the observed maximum and minimum recorded feedback speed.
(C) If your dynamometer is not capable of achieving a mean feedback
torque within 1% of Tmax mapped,
operate the engine at a second point with operator demand set to maximum
with the dynamometer set to target a torque equal to the recorded mean
feedback torque on the previous point plus 20% of
Tmax mapped. Use this data point and the data point from
paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(A) of this section to extrapolate the engine speed
where torque is equal to zero.
(D) You may use a manufacturer-declared Tmax instead of
the measured Tmax mapped. If you do this, or if you are able
to determine mean feedback speed as described in paragraphs
(b)(6)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section, you may measure the warm high-
idle speed before running the speed sweep specified in paragraph (b)(5)
of this section.
(7) For engines with a low-speed governor, if a nonzero idle torque
is representative of in-use operation, operate the engine at warm idle
with the manufacturer-declared idle torque. Set the

[[Page 756]]

operator demand to minimum, use the dynamometer to target the declared
idle torque, and allow the engine to govern the speed. Measure this
speed and use it as the warm idle speed for cycle generation in Sec.
1065.512. We recommend recording at least 30 values of speed and using
the mean of those values. If you identify multiple warm idle torques
under paragraph (f)(4)(i) of this section, measure the warm idle speed
at each torque. You may map the idle governor at multiple load levels
and use this map to determine the measured warm idle speed at the
declared idle torque(s).
(c) Negative torque mapping. If your engine is subject to a
reference duty cycle that specifies negative torque values (i.e., engine
motoring), generate a motoring map by any of the following procedures:
(1) Multiply the positive torques from your map by -40%. Use linear
interpolation to determine intermediate values.
(2) Map the amount of negative torque required to motor the engine
by repeating paragraph (b) of this section with minimum operator demand.
You may start the negative torque map at either the minimum or maximum
speed from paragraph (b) of this section.
(3) Determine the amount of negative torque required to motor the
engine at the following two points near the ends of the engine's speed
range. Operate the engine at these two points at minimum operator
demand. Use linear interpolation to determine intermediate values.
(i) Low-speed point. For engines without a low-speed governor,
determine the amount of negative torque at warm idle speed. For engines
with a low-speed governor, motor the engine above warm idle speed so the
governor is inactive and determine the amount of negative torque at that
speed.
(ii) High-speed point. For engines without a high-speed governor,
determine the amount of negative torque at the maximum safe speed or the
maximum representative speed. For engines with a high-speed governor,
determine the amount of negative torque at a speed at or above
nhi per Sec. 1065.610(c)(2).
(4) For engines with an electric hybrid system, you may create a
negative torque map that would include the full negative torque of the
electric hybrid system, so operator demand will be at a minimum when the
reference duty cycle specifies negative torque values.
(d) Mapping constant-speed engines. For constant-speed engines,
generate a map as follows:
(1) Record the atmospheric pressure.
(2) Warm up the engine by operating it. We recommend operating the
engine at approximately 75% of the engine's expected maximum power.
Continue the warm-up until the engine coolant, block, or head absolute
temperature is within 2% of its mean value for at
least 2 min or until the engine thermostat controls engine temperature.
(3) You may operate the engine with a production constant-speed
governor or simulate a constant-speed governor by controlling engine
speed with an operator demand control system described in Sec.
1065.110. Use either isochronous or speed-droop governor operation, as
appropriate.
(4) With the governor or simulated governor controlling speed using
operator demand, operate the engine at no-load governed speed (at high
speed, not low idle) for at least 15 seconds.
(5) Record at 1 Hz the mean of feedback speed and torque. Use the
dynamometer to increase torque at a constant rate. Unless the standard-
setting part specifies otherwise, complete the map such that it takes (2
to 4) min to sweep from no-load governed speed to the speed below
maximum mapped power at which the engine develops 90% of maximum mapped
power. You may map your engine to lower speeds. Stop recording after you
complete the sweep. Use this series of speeds and torques to generate
the power map as described in paragraph (e) of this section.
(i) For constant-speed engines subject only to steady-state testing,
you may perform an engine map by using a series of discrete torques.
Select at least five evenly spaced torque setpoints from no-load to 80%
of the manufacturer-declared test torque or to a torque derived from
your published maximum power level if the declared test torque is
unavailable. Starting at

[[Page 757]]

the 80% torque point, select setpoints in 2.5% intervals, stopping at
the endpoint torque. The endpoint torque is defined as the first
discrete mapped torque value greater than the torque at maximum observed
power where the engine outputs 90% of the maximum observed power; or the
torque when engine stall has been determined using good engineering
judgment (i.e. sudden deceleration of engine speed while adding torque).
You may continue mapping at higher torque setpoints. At each setpoint,
allow torque and speed to stabilize. Record the mean feedback speed and
torque at each setpoint. From this series of mean feedback speed and
torque values, use linear interpolation to determine intermediate
values. Use this series of mean feedback speeds and torques to generate
the power map as described in paragraph (e) of this section.
(ii) For any constant-speed engine, you may perform an engine map
with a continuous torque sweep by continuing to record the mean feedback
speed and torque at 1 Hz or more frequently. Use the dynamometer to
increase torque. Increase the reference torque at a constant rate from
no-load to the endpoint torque as defined in paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this
section. You may continue mapping at higher torque setpoints. Unless the
standard-setting part specifies otherwise, target a torque sweep rate
equal to the manufacturer-declared test torque (or a torque derived from
your published power level if the declared test torque is not known)
divided by 180 s. Stop recording after you complete the sweep. Verify
that the average torque sweep rate over the entire map is within 7% of the target torque sweep rate. Use linear
interpolation to determine intermediate values from this series of mean
feedback speed and torque values. Use this series of mean feedback
speeds and torques to generate the power map as described in paragraph
(e) of this section.
(iii) For electric power generation applications in which normal
engine operation is limited to a specific speed range, map the engine
with two points as described in this paragraph (d)(5)(iii). After
stabilizing at the no-load governed speed in paragraph (d)(4) of this
section, record the mean feedback speed and torque. Continue to operate
the engine with the governor or simulated governor controlling engine
speed using operator demand, and control the dynamometer to target a
speed of 97.5% of the recorded mean no-load governed speed. If the in-
use performance class of the electric power generation application is
known, you may use those values in place of 97.5% (e.g., for ISO 8528-5
G3 Performance Class, the steady-state frequency band is less than or
equal to 0.5%, so use 99.75% instead of 97.5%). Allow speed and torque
to stabilize. Record the mean feedback speed and torque. Record the
target speed. The absolute value of the speed error (the mean feedback
speed minus the target speed) must be no greater than 20% of the
difference between the recorded mean no-load governed speed and the
target speed. From this series of two mean feedback speed and torque
values, use linear interpolation to determine intermediate values. Use
this series of two mean feedback speeds and torques to generate a power
map as described in paragraph (e) of this section. Note that the
measured maximum test torque determined in Sec. 1065.610(b)(1), will be
the mean feedback torque recorded on the second point.
(e) Power mapping. For all engines, create a power-versus-speed map
by transforming torque and speed values to corresponding power values.
Use the mean values from the recorded map data. Do not use any
interpolated values. Multiply each torque by its corresponding speed and
apply the appropriate conversion factors to arrive at units of power
(kW). Interpolate intermediate power values between these power values,
which were calculated from the recorded map data.
(f) Measured and declared test speeds and torques. You must select
test speeds and torques for cycle generation as required in this
paragraph (f). ``Measured'' values are either directly measured during
the engine mapping process or they are determined from the engine map.
``Declared'' values are specified by the manufacturer. When both
measured and declared values are available, you may use declared test
speeds and torques instead of measured speeds and torques if they meet
the criteria in this paragraph (f). Otherwise,

[[Page 758]]

you must use measured speeds and torques derived from the engine map.
(1) Measured speeds and torques. Determine the applicable speeds and
torques for the duty cycles you will run:
(i) Measured maximum test speed for variable-speed engines according
to Sec. 1065.610.
(ii) Measured maximum test torque for constant-speed engines
according to Sec. 1065.610.
(iii) Measured ``A'', ``B'', and ``C'' speeds for variable-speed
engines according to Sec. 1065.610.
(iv) Measured intermediate speed for variable-speed engines
according to Sec. 1065.610.
(v) For variable-speed engines with a low-speed governor, measure
warm idle speed according to Sec. 1065.510(b) and use this speed for
cycle generation in Sec. 1065.512. For engines with no low-speed
governor, instead use the manufacturer-declared warm idle speed.
(2) Required declared speeds. You must declare the lowest engine
speed possible with minimum load (i.e., manufacturer-declared warm idle
speed). This is applicable only to variable-speed engines with no low-
speed governor. For engines with no low-speed governor, the declared
warm idle speed is used for cycle generation in Sec. 1065.512. Declare
this speed in a way that is representative of in-use operation. For
example, if your engine is typically connected to an automatic
transmission or a hydrostatic transmission, declare this speed at the
idle speed at which your engine operates when the transmission is
engaged.
(3) Optional declared speeds. You may use declared speeds instead of
measured speeds as follows:
(i) You may use a declared value for maximum test speed for
variable-speed engines if it is within (97.5 to 102.5) % of the
corresponding measured value. You may use a higher declared speed if the
length of the ``vector'' at the declared speed is within 2% of the
length of the ``vector'' at the measured value. The term vector refers
to the square root of the sum of normalized engine speed squared and the
normalized full-load power (at that speed) squared, consistent with the
calculations in Sec. 1065.610.
(ii) You may use a declared value for intermediate, ``A'', ``B'', or
``C'' speeds for steady-state tests if the declared value is within
(97.5 to 102.5)% of the corresponding measured value.
(iii) For electronically governed engines, you may use a declared
warm high-idle speed for calculating the alternate maximum test speed as
specified in Sec. 1065.610.
(4) Required declared torques. If a nonzero idle or minimum torque
is representative of in-use operation, you must declare the appropriate
torque as follows:
(i) For variable-speed engines, declare a warm idle torque that is
representative of in-use operation. For example, if your engine is
typically connected to an automatic transmission or a hydrostatic
transmission, declare the torque that occurs at the idle speed at which
your engine operates when the transmission is engaged. Use this value
for cycle generation. You may use multiple warm idle torques and
associated idle speeds in cycle generation for representative testing.
For example, for cycles that start the engine and begin with idle, you
may start a cycle in idle with the transmission in neutral with zero
torque and later switch to a different idle with the transmission in
drive with the Curb-Idle Transmission Torque (CITT). For variable-speed
engines intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle with an automatic
transmission where that engine is subject to a transient duty cycle with
idle operation, you must declare a CITT. You must specify a CITT based
on typical applications at the mean of the range of idle speeds you
specify at stabilized temperature conditions.
(ii) For constant-speed engines, declare a warm minimum torque that
is representative of in-use operation. For example, if your engine is
typically connected to a machine that does not operate below a certain
minimum torque, declare this torque and use it for cycle generation.
(5) Optional declared torques. (i) For variable-speed engines you
may declare a maximum torque over the engine operating range. You may
use the declared value for measuring warm high-idle speed as specified
in this section.

[[Page 759]]

(ii) For constant-speed engines you may declare a maximum test
torque. You may use the declared value for cycle generation if it is
within (95 to 100) % of the measured value.
(g) Mapping variable-speed engines with an electric hybrid system.
Map variable-speed engines that include electric hybrid systems as
described in this paragraph (g). You may ask to apply these provisions
to other types of hybrid engines, consistent with good engineering
judgment. However, do not use this procedure for engines used in hybrid
vehicles where the hybrid system is certified as part of the vehicle
rather than the engine. Follow the steps for mapping a variable-speed
engine as given in paragraph (b)(5) of this section except as noted in
this paragraph (g). You must generate one engine map with the hybrid
system inactive as described in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, and a
separate map with the hybrid system active as described in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section. See the standard-setting part to determine how
to use these maps. The map with the system inactive is typically used to
generate steady-state duty cycles, but may also be used to generate
transient cycles, such as those that do not involve engine motoring.
This hybrid-inactive map is also used for generating the hybrid-active
map. The hybrid-active map is typically used to generate transient duty
cycles that involve engine motoring.
(1) Prepare the engine for mapping by either deactivating the hybrid
system or by operating the engine as specified in paragraph (b)(4) of
this section and remaining at this condition until the rechargeable
energy storage system (RESS) is depleted. Once the hybrid has been
disabled or the RESS is depleted, perform an engine map as specified in
paragraph (b)(5) of this section. If the RESS was depleted instead of
deactivated, ensure that instantaneous power from the RESS remains less
than 2% of the instantaneous measured power from the engine (or engine-
hybrid system) at all engine speeds.
(2) The purpose of the mapping procedure in this paragraph (g) is to
determine the maximum torque available at each speed, such as what might
occur during transient operation with a fully charged RESS. Use one of
the following methods to generate a hybrid-active map:
(i) Perform an engine map by using a series of continuous sweeps to
cover the engine's full range of operating speeds. Prepare the engine
for hybrid-active mapping by ensuring that the RESS state of charge is
representative of normal operation. Perform the sweep as specified in
paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of this section, but stop the sweep to charge the
RESS when the power measured from the RESS drops below the expected
maximum power from the RESS by more than 2% of total system power
(including engine and RESS power). Unless good engineering judgment
indicates otherwise, assume that the expected maximum power from the
RESS is equal to the measured RESS power at the start of the sweep
segment. For example, if the 3-second rolling average of total engine-
RESS power is 200 kW and the power from the RESS at the beginning of the
sweep segment is 50 kW, once the power from the RESS reaches 46 kW, stop
the sweep to charge the RESS. Note that this assumption is not valid
where the hybrid motor is torque-limited. Calculate total system power
as a 3-second rolling average of instantaneous total system power. After
each charging event, stabilize the engine for 15 seconds at the speed at
which you ended the previous segment with operator demand set to maximum
before continuing the sweep from that speed. Repeat the cycle of
charging, mapping, and recharging until you have completed the engine
map. You may shut down the system or include other operation between
segments to be consistent with the intent of this paragraph (g)(2)(i).
For example, for systems in which continuous charging and discharging
can overheat batteries to an extent that affects performance, you may
operate the engine at zero power from the RESS for enough time after the
system is recharged to allow the batteries to cool. Use good engineering
judgment to smooth the torque curve to eliminate discontinuities between
map intervals.
(ii) Perform an engine map by using discrete speeds. Select map
setpoints at intervals defined by the ranges of

[[Page 760]]

engine speed being mapped. From 95% of warm idle speed to 90% of the
expected maximum test speed, select setpoints that result in a minimum
of 13 equally spaced speed setpoints. From 90% to 110% of expected
maximum test speed, select setpoints in equally spaced intervals that
are nominally 2% of expected maximum test speed. Above 110% of expected
maximum test speed, select setpoints based on the same speed intervals
used for mapping from 95% warm idle speed to 90% maximum test speed. You
may stop mapping at the highest speed above maximum power at which 50%
of maximum power occurs. We refer to the speed at 50% power as the check
point speed as described in paragraph (b)(5)(iii) of this section.
Stabilize engine speed at each setpoint, targeting a torque value at 70%
of peak torque at that speed without hybrid-assist. Make sure the engine
is fully warmed up and the RESS state of charge is within the normal
operating range. Snap the operator demand to maximum, operate the engine
there for at least 10 seconds, and record the 3-second rolling average
feedback speed and torque at 1 Hz or higher. Record the peak 3-second
average torque and 3-second average speed at that point. Use linear
interpolation to determine intermediate speeds and torques. Follow Sec.
1065.610(a) to calculate the maximum test speed. Verify that the
measured maximum test speed falls in the range from 92 to 108% of the
estimated maximum test speed. If the measured maximum test speed does
not fall in this range, rerun the map using the measured value of
maximum test speed.
(h) Other mapping procedures. You may use other mapping procedures
if you believe the procedures specified in this section are unsafe or
unrepresentative for your engine. Any alternate techniques you use must
satisfy the intent of the specified mapping procedures, which is to
determine the maximum available torque at all engine speeds that occur
during a duty cycle. Identify any deviations from this section's mapping
procedures when you submit data to us.

[73 FR 37315, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59330, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23042, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57448, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.512 Duty cycle generation.

(a) Generate duty cycles according to this section if the standard-
setting part requires engine mapping to generate a duty cycle for your
engine configuration. The standard-setting part generally defines
applicable duty cycles in a normalized format. A normalized duty cycle
consists of a sequence of paired values for speed and torque or for
speed and power.
(b) Transform normalized values of speed, torque, and power using
the following conventions:
(1) Engine speed for variable-speed engines. For variable-speed
engines, normalized speed may be expressed as a percentage between warm
idle speed, fnidle, and maximum test speed,
fntest, or speed may be expressed by referring to a defined
speed by name, such as ``warm idle,'' ``intermediate speed,'' or ``A,''
``B,'' or ``C'' speed. Section 1065.610 describes how to transform these
normalized values into a sequence of reference speeds, fnref.
Running duty cycles with negative or small normalized speed values near
warm idle speed may cause low-speed idle governors to activate and the
engine torque to exceed the reference torque even though the operator
demand is at a minimum. In such cases, we recommend controlling the
dynamometer so it gives priority to follow the reference torque instead
of the reference speed and let the engine govern the speed. Note that
the cycle-validation criteria in Sec. 1065.514 allow an engine to
govern itself. This allowance permits you to test engines with enhanced-
idle devices and to simulate the effects of transmissions such as
automatic transmissions. For example, an enhanced-idle device might be
an idle speed value that is normally commanded only under cold-start
conditions to quickly warm up the engine and aftertreatment devices. In
this case, negative and very low normalized speeds will generate
reference speeds below this higher enhanced idle speed and we recommend
controlling the dynamometer so it gives priority to follow the reference
torque, controlling the operator demand so it gives priority to follow
reference speed and let the engine govern the speed when the operator
demand is at minimum.

[[Page 761]]

(2) Engine torque for variable-speed engines. For variable-speed
engines, normalized torque is expressed as a percentage of the mapped
torque at the corresponding reference speed. Section 1065.610 describes
how to transform normalized torques into a sequence of reference
torques, Tref. Section 1065.610 also describes special
requirements for modifying transient duty cycles for variable-speed
engines intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle with an automatic
transmission. Section 1065.610 also describes under what conditions you
may command Tref greater than the reference torque you
calculated from a normalized duty cycle. This provision permits you to
command Tref values that are limited by a declared minimum
torque. For any negative torque commands, command minimum operator
demand and use the dynamometer to control engine speed to the reference
speed, but if reference speed is so low that the idle governor
activates, we recommend using the dynamometer to control torque to zero,
CITT, or a declared minimum torque as appropriate. Note that you may
omit power and torque points during motoring from the cycle-validation
criteria in Sec. 1065.514. Also, use the maximum mapped torque at the
minimum mapped speed as the maximum torque for any reference speed at or
below the minimum mapped speed.
(3) Engine torque for constant-speed engines. For constant-speed
engines, normalized torque is expressed as a percentage of maximum test
torque, Ttest. Section 1065.610 describes how to transform
normalized torques into a sequence of reference torques,
Tref. Section 1065.610 also describes under what conditions
you may command Tref greater than the reference torque you
calculated from the normalized duty cycle. This provision permits you to
command Tref values that are limited by a declared minimum
torque.
(4) Engine power. For all engines, normalized power is expressed as
a percentage of mapped power at maximum test speed, fntest,
unless otherwise specified by the standard-setting part. Section
1065.610 describes how to transform these normalized values into a
sequence of reference powers, Pref. Convert these reference
powers to corresponding torques for operator demand and dynamometer
control. Use the reference speed associated with each reference power
point for this conversion. As with cycles specified with % torque, issue
torque commands more frequently and linearly interpolate between these
reference torque values generated from cycles with % power.
(5) Ramped-modal cycles. For ramped modal cycles, generate reference
speed and torque values at 1 Hz and use this sequence of points to run
the cycle and validate it in the same manner as with a transient cycle.
During the transition between modes, linearly ramp the denormalized
reference speed and torque values between modes to generate reference
points at 1 Hz. Do not linearly ramp the normalized reference torque
values between modes and then denormalize them. Do not linearly ramp
normalized or denormalized reference power points. These cases will
produce nonlinear torque ramps in the denormalized reference torques. If
the speed and torque ramp runs through a point above the engine's torque
curve, continue to command the reference torques and allow the operator
demand to go to maximum. Note that you may omit power and either torque
or speed points from the cycle-validation criteria under these
conditions as specified in Sec. 1065.514.
(c) For variable-speed engines, command reference speeds and torques
sequentially to perform a duty cycle. Issue speed and torque commands at
a frequency of at least 5 Hz for transient cycles and at least 1 Hz for
steady-state cycles (i.e., discrete-mode and ramped-modal). Linearly
interpolate between the 1 Hz reference values specified in the standard-
setting part to determine more frequently issued reference speeds and
torques. During an emission test, record the feedback speeds and torques
at a frequency of at least 5 Hz for transient cycles and at least 1 Hz
for steady-state cycles. For transient cycles, you may record the
feedback speeds and torques at lower frequencies (as low as 1 Hz) if you
record the average value over the time interval between recorded values.
Calculate the average values based on feedback values updated at a
frequency

[[Page 762]]

of at least 5 Hz. Use these recorded values to calculate cycle-
validation statistics and total work.
(d) For constant-speed engines, operate the engine with the same
production governor you used to map the engine in Sec. 1065.510 or
simulate the in-use operation of a governor the same way you simulated
it to map the engine in Sec. 1065.510. Command reference torque values
sequentially to perform a duty cycle. Issue torque commands at a
frequency of at least 5 Hz for transient cycles and at least 1 Hz for
steady-state cycles (i.e., discrete-mode, ramped-modal). Linearly
interpolate between the 1 Hz reference values specified in the standard-
setting part to determine more frequently issued reference torque
values. During an emission test, record the feedback speeds and torques
at a frequency of at least 5 Hz for transient cycles and at least 1 Hz
for steady-state cycles. For transient cycles, you may record the
feedback speeds and torques at lower frequencies (as low as 1 Hz) if you
record the average value over the time interval between recorded values.
Calculate the average values based on feedback values updated at a
frequency of at least 5 Hz. Use these recorded values to calculate
cycle-validation statistics and total work.
(e) You may perform practice duty cycles with the test engine to
optimize operator demand and dynamometer controls to meet the cycle-
validation criteria specified in Sec. 1065.514.

[73 FR 37317, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.514 Cycle-validation criteria for operation over specified duty

cycles.

Validate the execution of your duty cycle according to this section
unless the standard-setting part specifies otherwise. This section
describes how to determine if the engine's operation during the test
adequately matched the reference duty cycle. This section applies only
to speed, torque, and power from the engine's primary output shaft.
Other work inputs and outputs are not subject to cycle-validation
criteria. You must compare the original reference duty cycle points
generated as described in Sec. 1065.512 to the corresponding feedback
values recorded during the test. You may compare reference duty cycle
points recorded during the test to the corresponding feedback values
recorded during the test as long as the recorded reference values match
the original points generated in Sec. 1065.512. The number of points in
the validation regression are based on the number of points in the
original reference duty cycle generated in Sec. 1065.512. For example
if the original cycle has 1199 reference points at 1 Hz, then the
regression will have up to 1199 pairs of reference and feedback values
at the corresponding moments in the test. The feedback speed and torque
signals may be filtered--either in real-time while the test is run or
afterward in the analysis program. Any filtering that is used on the
feedback signals used for cycle validation must also be used for
calculating work. Feedback signals for control loops may use different
filtering.
(a) Testing performed by EPA. Our tests must meet the specifications
of paragraph (f) of this section, unless we determine that failing to
meet the specifications is related to engine performance rather than to
shortcomings of the dynamometer or other laboratory equipment.
(b) Testing performed by manufacturers. Emission tests that meet the
specifications of paragraph (f) of this section satisfy the standard-
setting part's requirements for duty cycles. You may ask to use a
dynamometer or other laboratory equipment that cannot meet those
specifications. We will approve your request as long as using the
alternate equipment does not adversely affect your ability to show
compliance with the applicable emission standards.
(c) Time-alignment. Because time lag between feedback values and the
reference values may bias cycle-validation results, you may advance or
delay the entire sequence of feedback engine speed and torque pairs to
synchronize them with the reference sequence. If you advance or delay
feedback signals for cycle validation, you must make the same adjustment
for calculating work. You may use linear interpolation between
successive recorded feedback signals to time shift an amount that is a
fraction of the recording period.

[[Page 763]]

(d) Omitting additional points. Besides engine cranking, you may
omit additional points from cycle-validation statistics as described in
the following table:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.514--Permissible Criteria for Omitting Points From Duty-Cycle Regression Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When operator demand is at its . . . you may omit . . . if . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For reference duty cycles that are specified in terms of speed and torque (fnref, Tref)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
minimum................................. power and torque........... Tref < 0% (motoring).
minimum................................. power and speed............ fnref = 0% (idle speed) and Tref = 0%
(idle torque) and Tref - (2% [middot]
Tmax mapped) < T < Tref + (2% [middot]
Tmax mapped).
minimum................................. power and either torque or fn >fnref or T > Tref but not if fn >
speed. (fnref [middot] 102%) and T >Tref (2% [middot] Tmax mapped).
maximum................................. power and either torque or fn < fnref or T < Tref but not if fn <
speed. (fnref [middot] 98%) and T < Tref - (2%
[middot] Tmax mapped).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For reference duty cycles that are specified in terms of speed and power (fnref, Pref)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
minimum................................. power and torque........... Pref < 0% (motoring).
minimum................................. power and speed............ fnref = 0% (idle speed) and Pref = 0%
(idle power) and Pref - (2% [middot]
Pmax mapped) < P < Pref + (2% [middot]
Pmax mapped).
minimum................................. power and either torque or fn >fnref or P > Pref but not if fn >
speed. (fnref [middot] 102%) and P >Pref + (2%
[middot] Pmax mapped).
maximum................................. power and either torque or fn < fnref or P < Pref but not if fn <
speed. (fnref [middot] 98%) and P < Pref - (2%
[middot] Pmax mapped).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) Statistical parameters. Use the remaining points to calculate
regression statistics described in Sec. 1065.602. Round calculated
regression statistics to the same number of significant digits as the
criteria to which they are compared. Refer to Table 2 of Sec. 1065.514
for the default criteria and refer to the standard-setting part to
determine if there are other criteria for your engine. Calculate the
following regression statistics:
(1) Slopes for feedback speed, a1fn, feedback torque,
a1T, and feedback power a1P.
(2) Intercepts for feedback speed, a0fn, feedback torque,
a0T, and feedback power a0P.
(3) Standard estimates of error for feedback speed,
SEEfn, feedback torque, SEET, and feedback power
SEEP.
(4) Coefficients of determination for feedback speed,
r\2\fn, feedback torque, r\2\T, and feedback power
r\2\P.
(f) Cycle-validation criteria. Unless the standard-setting part
specifies otherwise, use the following criteria to validate a duty
cycle:
(1) For variable-speed engines, apply all the statistical criteria
in Table 2 of this section.
(2) For constant-speed engines, apply only the statistical criteria
for torque in Table 2 of this section.
(3) For discrete-mode steady-state testing, apply cycle-validation
criteria by treating the sampling periods from the series of test modes
as a continuous sampling period, analogous to ramped-modal testing and
apply statistical criteria as described in paragraph (f)(1) or (f)(2) of
this section. Note that if the gaseous and particulate test intervals
are different periods of time, separate validations are required for the
gaseous and particulate test intervals. Table 2 follows:

Table 2 of Sec. 1065.514--Default Statistical Criteria for Validating Duty Cycles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameter Speed Torque Power
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slope, a1............................ 0.950 <= a1 <= 1.030... 0.830 <= a1 <= 1.030... 0.830 <= a1 <= 1.030.
Absolute value of intercept, <= 10% of warm idle.... <= 2% of maximum mapped <= 2% of maximum mapped
[verbar]a0[verbar]. torque. power.
Standard error of estimate, SEE...... <= 5% of maximum test <= 10% of maximum <= 10% of maximum
speed. mapped torque. mapped power.
Coefficient of determination, r2..... = 0.970..... = 0.850..... = 0.910.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 764]]

[73 FR 37318, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59330, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23042, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57450, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.520 Pre-test verification procedures and pre-test data collection.

(a) If your engine must comply with a PM standard, follow the
procedures for PM sample preconditioning and tare weighing according to
Sec. 1065.590.
(b) Unless the standard-setting part specifies different tolerances,
verify at some point before the test that ambient conditions are within
the tolerances specified in this paragraph (b). For purposes of this
paragraph (b), ``before the test'' means any time from a point just
prior to engine starting (excluding engine restarts) to the point at
which emission sampling begins.
(1) Ambient temperature of (20 to 30) [deg]C. See Sec. 1065.530(j)
for circumstances under which ambient temperatures must remain within
this range during the test.
(2) Atmospheric pressure of (80.000 to 103.325) kPa and within
5 kPa of the value recorded at the time of the
last engine map. You are not required to verify atmospheric pressure
prior to a hot start test interval for testing that also includes a cold
start.
(3) Dilution air conditions as specified in Sec. 1065.140, except
in cases where you preheat your CVS before a cold start test. We
recommend verifying dilution air conditions just prior to the start of
each test interval.
(c) You may test engines at any intake-air humidity, and we may test
engines at any intake-air humidity.
(d) Verify that auxiliary-work inputs and outputs are configured as
they were during engine mapping, as described inSec. 1065.510(a).
(e) You may perform a final calibration of the speed, torque, and
proportional-flow control systems, which may include performing practice
duty cycles.
(f) You may perform the following recommended procedure to
precondition sampling systems:
(1) Start the engine and use good engineering judgment to bring it
to one of the following:
(i) 100% torque at any speed above its peak-torque speed.
(ii) 100% operator demand.
(2) Operate any dilution systems at their expected flow rates.
Prevent aqueous condensation in the dilution systems.
(3) Operate any PM sampling systems at their expected flow rates.
(4) Sample PM for at least 10 min using any sample media. You may
change sample media during preconditioning. You may discard
preconditioning samples without weighing them.
(5) You may purge any gaseous sampling systems during
preconditioning.
(6) You may conduct calibrations or verifications on any idle
equipment or analyzers during preconditioning.
(7) Proceed with the test sequence described in Sec.
1065.530(a)(1).
(g) Verify the amount of nonmethane hydrocarbon contamination in the
exhaust and background HC sampling systems within 8 hours before the
start of the first test interval of each duty-cycle sequence for
laboratory tests. You may verify the contamination of a background HC
sampling system by reading the last bag fill and purge using zero gas.
For any NMHC measurement system that involves separately measuring
methane and subtracting it from a THC measurement or for any
CH4 measurement system that uses an NMC, verify the amount of
THC contamination using only the THC analyzer response. There is no need
to operate any separate methane analyzer for this verification; however,
you may measure and correct for THC contamination in the CH4
sample train for the cases where NMHC is determined by subtracting
CH4 from THC or, where CH4 is determined, using an
NMC as configured in Sec. 1065.365(d), (e), and (f); and using the
calculations in Sec. 1065.660(b)(2). Perform this verification as
follows:
(1) Select the HC analyzer range for measuring the flow-weighted
mean concentration expected at the HC standard.
(2) Zero the HC analyzer at the analyzer zero or sample port. Note
that FID zero and span balance gases may be any combination of purified
air or purified nitrogen that meets the specifications of Sec.
1065.750. We recommend FID analyzer zero and span gases that contain
approximately the flow-

[[Page 765]]

weighted mean concentration of O2 expected during testing.
(3) Span the HC analyzer using span gas introduced at the analyzer
span or sample port. Span on a carbon number basis of one
(C1). For example, if you use a C3H8
span gas of concentration 200 [micro]mol/mol, span the FID to respond
with a value of 600 [micro]mol/mol.
(4) Overflow zero gas at the HC probe inlet or into a tee near the
probe outlet.
(5) Measure the THC concentration in the sampling and background
systems as follows:
(i) For continuous sampling, record the mean THC concentration as
overflow zero gas flows.
(ii) For batch sampling, fill the sample medium (e.g., bag) and
record its mean THC concentration.
(iii) For the background system, record the mean THC concentration
of the last fill and purge.
(6) Record this value as the initial THC concentration,
xTHC[THC-FID]init, and use it to correct measured values as
described in Sec. 1065.660.
(7) You may correct the measured initial THC concentration for drift
as follows:
(i) For batch and continuous HC analyzers, after determining the
initial THC concentration, flow zero gas to the analyzer zero or sample
port. When the analyzer reading is stable, record the mean analyzer
value.
(ii) Flow span gas to the analyzer span or sample port. When the
analyzer reading is stable, record the mean analyzer value.
(iii) Use mean analyzer values from paragraphs (g)(2), (g)(3),
(g)(7)(i), and (g)(7)(ii) of this section to correct the initial THC
concentration recorded in paragraph (g)(6) of this section for drift, as
described in Sec. 1065.550.
(8) If any of the xTHC[THC-FID]init values exceed the
greatest of the following values, determine the source of the
contamination and take corrective action, such as purging the system
during an additional preconditioning cycle or replacing contaminated
portions:
(i) 2% of the flow-weighted mean wet, net concentration expected at
the HC (THC or NMHC) standard.
(ii) 2% of the flow-weighted mean wet, net concentration of HC (THC
or NMHC) measured during testing.
(iii) 2 [micro]mol/mol.
(9) If corrective action does not resolve the deficiency, you may
request to use the contaminated system as an alternate procedure under
Sec. 1065.10.

[73 FR 37320, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59330, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23043, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57450, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.525 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown.

(a) For test intervals that require emission sampling during engine
starting, start the engine using one of the following methods:
(1) Start the engine as recommended in the owners manual using a
production starter motor or air-start system and either an adequately
charged battery, a suitable power supply, or a suitable compressed air
source.
(2) Use the dynamometer to start the engine. To do this, motor the
engine within 25% of its typical in-use cranking
speed. Stop cranking within 1 second of starting the engine.
(3) In the case of hybrid engines, activate the system such that the
engine will start when its control algorithms determine that the engine
should provide power instead of or in addition to power from the RESS.
Unless we specify otherwise, engine starting throughout this part
generally refers to this step of activating the system on hybrid
engines, whether or not that causes the engine to start running.
(b) If the engine does not start after 15 seconds of cranking, stop
cranking and determine why the engine failed to start, unless the owners
manual or the service-repair manual describes the longer cranking time
as normal.
(c) Respond to engine stalling with the following steps:
(1) If the engine stalls during warm-up before emission sampling
begins, restart the engine and continue warm-up.
(2) If the engine stalls during preconditioning before emission
sampling begins, restart the engine and restart the preconditioning
sequence.
(3) Void the entire test if the engine stalls at any time after
emission sampling begins, except as described in Sec. 1065.526. If you
do not void the entire

[[Page 766]]

test, you must void the individual test mode or test interval in which
the engine stalls.
(d) Shut down the engine according to the manufacturer's
specifications.

[73 FR 37320, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 68463, Nov. 8, 2010; 76
FR 57451, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.526 Repeating void modes or test intervals.

(a) Test modes and test intervals can be voided because of
instrument malfunctions, engine stalling, or emissions exceeding
instrument ranges. This section specifies circumstances for which a test
mode or test interval can be repeated without repeating the entire test.
(b) This section is intended to result in replicate test modes and
test intervals that are identical to what would have occurred if the
cause of the voiding had not occurred. It does not allow you to repeat
test modes or test intervals in any circumstances that would be
inconsistent with good engineering judgment. For example, the procedures
specified here for repeating a mode or interval may not apply for
certain engines that include hybrid energy storage features or emission
controls that involve physical or chemical storage of pollutants. This
section applies for circumstances in which emission concentrations
exceed the analyzer range only if it is due to operator error or
analyzer malfunction. It does not apply for circumstances in which the
emission concentrations exceed the range because they were higher than
expected.
(c) If one of the modes of a discrete-mode test is voided as
provided in this section, you may void the results for that individual
mode and continue the test as follows:
(1) If the engine has stalled or been shut down, restart the engine.
(2) Use good engineering judgment to restart the test sequence using
the appropriate steps in Sec. 1065.530(b).
(3) Precondition the engine by operating it at the previous mode for
approximately the same amount of time it operated at that mode for the
previous emission measurement.
(4) Advance to the mode at which the test was interrupted and
continue with the duty cycle as specified in the standard-setting part.
(d) If a transient or ramped-modal cycle test interval is voided as
provided in this section, you may repeat the test interval as follows:
(1) Use good engineering judgment to restart (as applicable) and
precondition the engine and emission sampling system to the same
condition as would apply for normal testing. This may require you to
complete the voided test interval. For example, you may generally repeat
a hot-start test of a heavy-duty highway engine after completing the
voided hot-start test and allowing the engine to soak for 20 minutes.
(2) Complete the remainder of the test according to the provisions
in this subpart.
(e) Keep records from the voided test mode or test interval in the
same manner as required for unvoided tests, and include a description of
the reason for voiding the test mode or test interval.

[75 FR 68463, Nov. 8, 2010]

Sec. 1065.530 Emission test sequence.

(a) Time the start of testing as follows:
(1) Perform one of the following if you precondition sampling
systems as described in Sec. 1065.520(f):
(i) For cold-start duty cycles, shut down the engine. Unless the
standard-setting part specifies that you may only perform a natural
engine cooldown, you may perform a forced engine cooldown. Use good
engineering judgment to set up systems to send cooling air across the
engine, to send cool oil through the engine lubrication system, to
remove heat from coolant through the engine cooling system, and to
remove heat from any exhaust aftertreatment systems. In the case of a
forced aftertreatment cooldown, good engineering judgment would indicate
that you not start flowing cooling air until the aftertreatment system
has cooled below its catalytic activation temperature. For platinum-
group metal catalysts, this temperature is about 200 [deg]C. Once the
aftertreatment system has naturally cooled below its catalytic
activation temperature, good engineering judgment would indicate

[[Page 767]]

that you use clean air with a temperature of at least 15 [deg]C, and
direct the air through the aftertreatment system in the normal direction
of exhaust flow. Do not use any cooling procedure that results in
unrepresentative emissions (see Sec. 1065.10(c)(1)). You may start a
cold-start duty cycle when the temperatures of an engine's lubricant,
coolant, and aftertreatment systems are all between (20 and 30) [deg]C.
(ii) For hot-start emission measurements, shut down the engine.
Start the hot-start duty cycle as specified in the standard-setting
part.
(iii) For testing that involves hot-stabilized emission
measurements, such as any steady-state testing, you may continue to
operate the engine at maximum test speed and 100% torque if that is the
first operating point. Otherwise, operate the engine at warm idle or the
first operating point of the duty cycle. In any case, start the emission
test within 10 min after you complete the preconditioning procedure.
(2) If you do not precondition sampling systems, perform one of the
following:
(i) For cold-start duty cycles, prepare the engine according to
paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section.
(ii) For hot-start emission measurements, first operate the engine
at any speed above peak-torque speed and at (65 to 85)% of maximum
mapped power until either the engine coolant, block, or head absolute
temperature is within 2% of its mean value for at
least 2 min or until the engine thermostat controls engine temperature.
Shut down the engine. Start the duty cycle within 20 min of engine
shutdown.
(iii) For testing that involves hot-stabilized emission
measurements, bring the engine either to warm idle or the first
operating point of the duty cycle. Start the test within 10 min of
achieving temperature stability. Determine temperature stability either
as the point at which the engine coolant, block, or head absolute
temperature is within 2% of its mean value for at
least 2 min, or as the point at which the engine thermostat controls
engine temperature.
(b) Take the following steps before emission sampling begins:
(1) For batch sampling, connect clean storage media, such as
evacuated bags or tare-weighed filters.
(2) Start all measurement instruments according to the instrument
manufacturer's instructions and using good engineering judgment.
(3) Start dilution systems, sample pumps, cooling fans, and the
data-collection system.
(4) Pre-heat or pre-cool heat exchangers in the sampling system to
within their operating temperature tolerances for a test.
(5) Allow heated or cooled components such as sample lines, filters,
chillers, and pumps to stabilize at their operating temperatures.
(6) Verify that there are no significant vacuum-side leaks according
to Sec. 1065.345.
(7) Adjust the sample flow rates to desired levels, using bypass
flow, if desired.
(8) Zero or re-zero any electronic integrating devices, before the
start of any test interval.
(9) Select gas analyzer ranges. You may automatically or manually
switch gas analyzer ranges during a test only if switching is performed
by changing the span over which the digital resolution of the instrument
is applied. During a test you may not switch the gains of an analyzer's
analog operational amplifier(s).
(10) Zero and span all continuous analyzers using NIST-traceable
gases that meet the specifications of Sec. 1065.750. Span FID analyzers
on a carbon number basis of one (1), C1. For example, if you
use a C3H8 span gas of concentration 200
[micro]mol/mol, span the FID to respond with a value of 600 [micro]mol/
mol. Span FID analyzers consistent with the determination of their
respective response factors, RF, and penetration fractions, PF,
according to Sec. 1065.365.
(11) We recommend that you verify gas analyzer responses after
zeroing and spanning by sampling a calibration gas that has a
concentration near one-half of the span gas concentration. Based on the
results and good engineering judgment, you may decide whether or not to
re-zero, re-span, or re-calibrate a gas analyzer before starting a test.

[[Page 768]]

(12) If you correct for dilution air background concentrations of
engine exhaust constituents, start measuring and recording background
concentrations.
(13) Drain any accumulated condensate from the intake air system
before starting a duty cycle, as described in Sec. 1065.125(e)(1). If
engine and aftertreatment preconditioning cycles are run before the duty
cycle, treat the preconditioning cycles and any associated soak period
as part of the duty cycle for the purpose of opening drains and draining
condensate. Note that you must close any intake air condensate drains
that are not representative of those normally open during in-use
operation.
(c) Start testing as follows:
(1) If an engine is already running and warmed up, and starting is
not part of the duty cycle, perform the following for the various duty
cycles:
(i) Transient and steady-state ramped-modal cycles. Simultaneously
start running the duty cycle, sampling exhaust gases, recording data,
and integrating measured values.
(ii) Steady-state discrete-mode cycles. Control the engine operation
to match the first mode in the test cycle. This will require controlling
engine speed and load, engine load, or other operator demand settings,
as specified in the standard-setting part. Follow the instructions in
the standard-setting part to determine how long to stabilize engine
operation at each mode, how long to sample emissions at each mode, and
how to transition between modes.
(2) If engine starting is part of the duty cycle, initiate data
logging, sampling of exhaust gases, and integrating measured values
before attempting to start the engine. Initiate the duty cycle when the
engine starts.
(d) At the end of each test interval, continue to operate all
sampling and dilution systems to allow the sampling system's response
time to elapse. Then stop all sampling and recording, including the
recording of background samples. Finally, stop any integrating devices
and indicate the end of the duty cycle in the recorded data.
(e) Shut down the engine if you have completed testing or if it is
part of the duty cycle.
(f) If testing involves another duty cycle after a soak period with
the engine off, start a timer when the engine shuts down, and repeat the
steps in paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section as needed.
(g) Take the following steps after emission sampling is complete:
(1) For any proportional batch sample, such as a bag sample or PM
sample, verify that proportional sampling was maintained according to
Sec. 1065.545. Void any samples that did not maintain proportional
sampling according to Sec. 1065.545.
(2) Place any used PM samples into covered or sealed containers and
return them to the PM-stabilization environment. Follow the PM sample
post-conditioning and total weighing procedures in Sec. 1065.595.
(3) As soon as practical after the duty cycle is complete, or during
the soak period if practical, perform the following:
(i) Zero and span all batch gas analyzers no later than 30 minutes
after the duty cycle is complete, or during the soak period if
practical.
(ii) Analyze any conventional gaseous batch samples no later than 30
minutes after the duty cycle is complete, or during the soak period if
practical.
(iii) Analyze background samples no later than 60 minutes after the
duty cycle is complete.
(iv) Analyze non-conventional gaseous batch samples, such as ethanol
(NMHCE) as soon as practical using good engineering judgment.
(4) After quantifying exhaust gases, verify drift as follows:
(i) For batch and continuous gas analyzers, record the mean analyzer
value after stabilizing a zero gas to the analyzer. Stabilization may
include time to purge the analyzer of any sample gas, plus any
additional time to account for analyzer response.
(ii) Record the mean analyzer value after stabilizing the span gas
to the analyzer. Stabilization may include time to purge the analyzer of
any sample gas, plus any additional time to account for analyzer
response.

[[Page 769]]

(iii) Use these data to validate and correct for drift as described
in Sec. 1065.550.
(h) Unless the standard-setting part specifies otherwise, determine
whether or not the test meets the cycle-validation criteria in Sec.
1065.514.
(1) If the criteria void the test, you may retest using the same
denormalized duty cycle, or you may re-map the engine, denormalize the
reference duty cycle based on the new map and retest the engine using
the new denormalized duty cycle.
(2) If the criteria void the test for a constant-speed engine only
during commands of maximum test torque, you may do the following:
(i) Determine the first and last feedback speeds at which maximum
test torque was commanded.
(ii) If the last speed is greater than or equal to 90% of the first
speed, the test is void. You may retest using the same denormalized duty
cycle, or you may re-map the engine, denormalize the reference duty
cycle based on the new map and retest the engine using the new
denormalized duty cycle.
(iii) If the last speed is less than 90% of the first speed, reduce
maximum test torque by 5%, and proceed as follows:
(A) Denormalize the entire duty cycle based on the reduced maximum
test torque according to Sec. 1065.512.
(B) Retest the engine using the denormalized test cycle that is
based on the reduced maximum test torque.
(C) If your engine still fails the cycle criteria, reduce the
maximum test torque by another 5% of the original maximum test torque.
(D) If your engine fails after repeating this procedure four times,
such that your engine still fails after you have reduced the maximum
test torque by 20% of the original maximum test torque, notify us and we
will consider specifying a more appropriate duty cycle for your engine
under the provisions of Sec. 1065.10(c).
(i) [Reserved]
(j) Measure and record ambient temperature, pressure, and humidity,
as appropriate. For testing the following engines, you must record
ambient temperature continuously to verify that it remains within the
pre-test temperature range as specified in Sec. 1065.520(b):
(1) Air-cooled engines.
(2) Engines equipped with auxiliary emission control devices that
sense and respond to ambient temperature.
(3) Any other engine for which good engineering judgment indicates
this is necessary to remain consistent with Sec. 1065.10(c)(1).

[73 FR 37321, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23043, Apr. 30, 2010;
76 FR 57451, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.545 Validation of proportional flow control for batch sampling.

For any proportional batch sample such as a bag or PM filter,
demonstrate that proportional sampling was maintained using one of the
following, noting that you may omit up to 5% of the total number of data
points as outliers:
(a) For any pair of flow meters, use recorded sample and total flow
rates, where total flow rate means the raw exhaust flow rate for raw
exhaust sampling and the dilute exhaust flow rate for CVS sampling, or
their 1 Hz means with the statistical calculations in Sec. 1065.602.
Determine the standard error of the estimate, SEE, of the sample flow
rate versus the total flow rate. For each test interval, demonstrate
that SEE was less than or equal to 3.5% of the mean sample flow rate.
(b) For any pair of flow meters, use recorded sample and total flow
rates, where total flow rate means the raw exhaust flow rate for raw
exhaust sampling and the dilute exhaust flow rate for CVS sampling, or
their 1 Hz means to demonstrate that each flow rate was constant within
2.5% of its respective mean or target flow rate.
You may use the following options instead of recording the respective
flow rate of each type of meter:
(1) Critical-flow venturi option. For critical-flow venturis, you
may use recorded venturi-inlet conditions or their 1 Hz means.
Demonstrate that the flow density at the venturi inlet was constant
within 2.5% of the mean or target density over
each test interval. For a CVS critical-flow venturi, you may demonstrate
this by showing that the absolute temperature at the venturi inlet was
constant within 4% of the

[[Page 770]]

mean or target absolute temperature over each test interval.
(2) Positive-displacement pump option. You may use recorded pump-
inlet conditions or their 1 Hz means. Demonstrate that the flow density
at the pump inlet was constant within 2.5% of the
mean or target density over each test interval. For a CVS pump, you may
demonstrate this by showing that the absolute temperature at the pump
inlet was constant within 2% of the mean or target
absolute temperature over each test interval.
(c) Using good engineering judgment, demonstrate with an engineering
analysis that the proportional-flow control system inherently ensures
proportional sampling under all circumstances expected during testing.
For example, you might use CFVs for both sample flow and total flow and
demonstrate that they always have the same inlet pressures and
temperatures and that they always operate under critical-flow
conditions.

[73 FR 37322, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23043, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.546 Validation of minimum dilution ratio for PM batch sampling.

Use continuous flows and/or tracer gas concentrations for transient
and ramped modal cycles to validate the minimum dilution ratios for PM
batch sampling as specified in Sec. 1065.140(e)(2) over the test
interval. You may use mode-average values instead of continuous
measurements for discrete mode steady-state duty cycles. Determine the
minimum primary and minimum overall dilution ratios using one of the
following methods (you may use a different method for each stage of
dilution):
(a) Determine minimum dilution ratio based on molar flow data. This
involves determination of at least two of the following three
quantities: Raw exhaust flow (or previously diluted flow), dilution air
flow, and dilute exhaust flow. You may determine the raw exhaust flow
rate based on the measured intake air or fuel flow rate and the raw
exhaust chemical balance terms as given in Sec. 1065.655(e). You may
determine the raw exhaust flow rate based on the measured intake air and
dilute exhaust molar flow rates and the dilute exhaust chemical balance
terms as given in Sec. 1065.655(f). You may alternatively estimate the
molar raw exhaust flow rate based on intake air, fuel rate measurements,
and fuel properties, consistent with good engineering judgment.
(b) Determine minimum dilution ratio based on tracer gas (e.g.,
CO2) concentrations in the raw (or previously diluted) and
dilute exhaust corrected for any removed water.
(c) Use good engineering judgment to develop your own method of
determining dilution ratios.

[75 FR 23043, Apr. 30, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 57451, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.550 Gas analyzer range validation and drift validation.

(a) Range validation. If an analyzer operated above 100% of its
range at any time during the test, perform the following steps:
(1) For batch sampling, re-analyze the sample using the lowest
analyzer range that results in a maximum instrument response below 100%.
Report the result from the lowest range from which the analyzer operates
below 100% of its range.
(2) For continuous sampling, repeat the entire test using the next
higher analyzer range. If the analyzer again operates above 100% of its
range, repeat the test using the next higher range. Continue to repeat
the test until the analyzer always operates at less than 100% of its
range.
(b) Drift validation and drift correction. Gas analyzer drift
validation is required for all gaseous exhaust constituents for which an
emission standard applies. It is also required for CO2 even
if there is no CO2 emission standard. It is not required for
other gaseous exhaust constituents for which only a reporting
requirement applies (such as CH4 and N2O).
(1) Validate drift using one of the following methods:
(i) For regulated exhaust constituents determined from the mass of a
single component, perform drift validation based on the regulated
constituent. For example, when NOX mass is determined with a
dry sample measured with a CLD and the removed water is corrected based
on measured

[[Page 771]]

CO2, CO, THC, and NOX concentrations, you must
validate the calculated NOX value.
(ii) For regulated exhaust constituents determined from the masses
of multiple subcomponents, perform the drift validation based on either
the regulated constituent or all the mass subcomponents. For example,
when NOX is measured with separate NO and NO2
analyzers, you must validate either the NOX value or both the
NO and NO2 values.
(iii) For regulated exhaust constituents determined from the
concentrations of multiple gaseous emission subcomponents prior to
performing mass calculations, perform drift validation on the regulated
constituent. You may not validate the concentration subcomponents (e.g.,
THC and CH4 for NMHC) separately. For example, for NMHC
measurements, perform drift validation on NMHC; do not validate THC and
CH4 separately.
(2) Drift validation requires two sets of emission calculations. For
each set of calculations, include all the constituents in the drift
validation. Calculate one set using the data before drift correction and
calculate the other set after correcting all the data for drift
according to Sec. 1065.672. Note that for purposes of drift validation,
you must leave unaltered any negative emission results over a given test
interval (i.e., do not set them to zero). These unaltered results are
used when validating either test interval results or composite brake-
specific emissions over the entire duty cycle for drift. For each
constituent to be validated, both sets of calculations must include the
following:
(i) Calculated mass (or mass rate) emission values over each test
interval.
(ii) If you are validating each test interval based on brake-
specific values, calculate brake-specific emission values over each test
interval.
(iii) If you are validating over the entire duty cycle, calculate
composite brake-specific emission values.
(3) The duty cycle is validated for drift if you satisfy the
following criteria:
(i) For each regulated gaseous exhaust constituent, you must satisfy
one of the following:
(A) For each test interval of the duty cycle, the difference between
the uncorrected and the corrected brake-specific emission values of the
regulated constituent must be within 4% of the
uncorrected value or the applicable emissions standard, whichever is
greater. Alternatively, the difference between the uncorrected and the
corrected emission mass (or mass rate) values of the regulated
constituent must be within 4% of the uncorrected
value or the composite work (or power) multiplied by the applicable
emissions standard, whichever is greater. For purposes of validating
each test interval, you may use either the reference or actual composite
work (or power).
(B) For each test interval of the duty cycle and for each
subcomponent of the regulated constituent, the difference between the
uncorrected and the corrected brake-specific emission values must be
within 4% of the uncorrected value.
Alternatively, the difference between the uncorrected and the corrected
emissions mass (or mass rate) values must be within 4% of the uncorrected value.
(C) For the entire duty cycle, the difference between the
uncorrected and the corrected composite brake-specific emission values
of the regulated constituent must be within 4% of
the uncorrected value or applicable emission standard, whichever is
greater.
(D) For the entire duty cycle and for each subcomponent of the
regulated constituent, the difference between the uncorrected and the
corrected composite brake-specific emission values must be within 4% of the uncorrected value.
(ii) Where no emission standard applies for CO2, you must
satisfy one of the following:
(A) For each test interval of the duty cycle, the difference between
the uncorrected and the corrected brake-specific CO2 values
must be within 4% of the uncorrected value; or
the difference between the uncorrected and the corrected CO2
mass (or mass rate) values must be within 4% of
the uncorrected value.
(B) For the entire duty cycle, the difference between the
uncorrected and the corrected composite brake-specific

[[Page 772]]

CO2 values must be within 4% of the
uncorrected value.
(4) If the test is not validated for drift as described in paragraph
(b)(1) of this section, you may consider the test results for the duty
cycle to be valid only if, using good engineering judgment, the observed
drift does not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable emission standards. For example, if the drift-corrected value
is less than the standard by at least two times the absolute difference
between the uncorrected and corrected values, you may consider the data
to be valid for demonstrating compliance with the applicable standard.

[73 FR 37322, June 30, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 56515, Oct. 30, 2009;
75 FR 23044, Apr. 30, 2010; 75 FR 68463, Nov. 8, 2010; 76 FR 57451,
Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.590 PM sampling media (e.g., filters) preconditioning and tare

weighing.

Before an emission test, take the following steps to prepare PM
sampling media (e.g., filters) and equipment for PM measurements:
(a) Make sure the balance and PM-stabilization environments meet the
periodic verifications in Sec. 1065.390.
(b) Visually inspect unused sample media (e.g., filters) for defects
and discard defective media.
(c) To handle PM sampling media (e.g., filters), use electrically
grounded tweezers or a grounding strap, as described in Sec. 1065.190.
(d) Place unused sample media (e.g., filters) in one or more
containers that are open to the PM-stabilization environment. If you are
using filters, you may place them in the bottom half of a filter
cassette.
(e) Stabilize sample media (e.g., filters) in the PM-stabilization
environment. Consider an unused sample medium stabilized as long as it
has been in the PM-stabilization environment for a minimum of 30 min,
during which the PM-stabilization environment has been within the
specifications of Sec. 1065.190.
(f) Weigh the sample media (e.g., filters) automatically or
manually, as follows:
(1) For automatic weighing, follow the automation system
manufacturer's instructions to prepare samples for weighing. This may
include placing the samples in a special container.
(2) For manual weighing, use good engineering judgment to determine
if substitution weighing is necessary to show that an engine meets the
applicable standard. You may follow the substitution weighing procedure
in paragraph (j) of this section, or you may develop your own procedure.
(g) Correct the measured mass of each sample medium (e.g., filter)
for buoyancy as described in Sec. 1065.690. These buoyancy-corrected
values are subsequently subtracted from the post-test mass of the
corresponding sample media (e.g., filters) and collected PM to determine
the mass of PM emitted during the test.
(h) You may repeat measurements to determine the mean mass of each
sample medium (e.g., filter). Use good engineering judgment to exclude
outliers from the calculation of mean mass values.
(i) If you use filters as sample media, load unused filters that
have been tare-weighed into clean filter cassettes and place the loaded
cassettes in a clean, covered or sealed container before removing them
from the stabilization environment for transport to the test site for
sampling. We recommend that you keep filter cassettes clean by
periodically washing or wiping them with a compatible solvent applied
using a lint-free cloth. Depending upon your cassette material, ethanol
(C2H5OH) might be an acceptable solvent. Your cleaning frequency will
depend on your engine's level of PM and HC emissions.
(j) Substitution weighing involves measurement of a reference weight
before and after each weighing of PM sampling media (e.g., filters).
While substitution weighing requires more measurements, it corrects for
a balance's zero-drift and it relies on balance linearity only over a
small range. This is most advantageous when quantifying net PM masses
that are less than 0.1% of the sample medium's mass. However, it may not
be advantageous when net PM masses exceed 1% of the sample medium's
mass. If you utilize substitution weighing, it must

[[Page 773]]

be used for both pre-test and post-test weighing. The same substitution
weight must be used for both pre-test and post-test weighing. Correct
the mass of the substitution weight for buoyancy if the density of the
substitution weight is less than 2.0 g/cm\3\. The following steps are an
example of substitution weighing:
(1) Use electrically grounded tweezers or a grounding strap, as
described in Sec. 1065.190.
(2) Use a static neutralizer as described in Sec. 1065.190 to
minimize static electric charge on any object before it is placed on the
balance pan.
(3) Select a substitution weight that meets the requirements for
calibration weights found in Sec. 1065.790. The substitution weight
must also have the same density as the weight you use to span the
microbalance, and be similar in mass to an unused sample medium (e.g.,
filter). A 47 mm PTFE membrane filter will typically have a mass in the
range of 80 to 100 mg.
(4) Record the stable balance reading, then remove the calibration
weight.
(5) Weigh an unused sample medium (e.g., a new filter), record the
stable balance reading and record the balance environment's dewpoint,
ambient temperature, and atmospheric pressure.
(6) Reweigh the calibration weight and record the stable balance
reading.
(7) Calculate the arithmetic mean of the two calibration-weight
readings that you recorded immediately before and after weighing the
unused sample. Subtract that mean value from the unused sample reading,
then add the true mass of the calibration weight as stated on the
calibration-weight certificate. Record this result. This is the unused
sample's tare weight without correcting for buoyancy.
(8) Repeat these substitution-weighing steps for the remainder of
your unused sample media.
(9) Once weighing is completed, follow the instructions given in
paragraphs (g) through (i) of this section.

[73 FR 37323, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.595 PM sample post-conditioning and total weighing.

After testing is complete, return the sample media (e.g., filters)
to the weighing and PM-stabilization environments.
(a) Make sure the weighing and PM-stabilization environments meet
the ambient condition specifications in Sec. 1065.190(e)(1). If those
specifications are not met, leave the test sample media (e.g., filters)
covered until proper conditions have been met.
(b) In the PM-stabilization environment, remove PM samples from
sealed containers. If you use filters, you may remove them from their
cassettes before or after stabilization. We recommend always removing
the top portion of the cassette before stabilization. When you remove a
filter from a cassette, separate the top half of the cassette from the
bottom half using a cassette separator designed for this purpose.
(c) To handle PM samples, use electrically grounded tweezers or a
grounding strap, as described in Sec. 1065.190.
(d) Visually inspect the sampling media (e.g., filters) and
collected particulate. If either the sample media (e.g., filters) or
particulate sample appear to have been compromised, or the particulate
matter contacts any surface other than the filter, the sample may not be
used to determine particulate emissions. In the case of contact with
another surface, clean the affected surface before continuing.
(e) To stabilize PM samples, place them in one or more containers
that are open to the PM-stabilization environment, as described in Sec.
1065.190. If you expect that a sample medium's (e.g., filter's) total
surface concentration of PM will be less than 400 [micro]g, assuming a
38 mm diameter filter stain area, expose the filter to a PM-
stabilization environment meeting the specifications of Sec. 1065.190
for at least 30 minutes before weighing. If you expect a higher PM
concentration or do not know what PM concentration to expect, expose the
filter to the stabilization environment for at least 60 minutes before
weighing. Note that 400 [micro]g on sample media (e.g., filters) is an
approximate net mass of 0.07 g/kW[middot]hr for a hot-start test with
compression-ignition engines tested according to 40 CFR part 86, subpart
N, or 50 mg/mile for light-duty vehicles tested according to 40 CFR part
86, subpart B.

[[Page 774]]

(f) Repeat the procedures in Sec. 1065.590(f) through (i) to
determine post-test mass of the sample media (e.g., filters).
(g) Subtract each buoyancy-corrected tare mass of the sample medium
(e.g., filter) from its respective buoyancy-corrected mass. The result
is the net PM mass, mPM. Use mPM in emission
calculations in Sec. 1065.650.

[73 FR 37323, June 30, 2008]

Subpart G_Calculations and Data Requirements

Sec. 1065.601 Overview.

(a) This subpart describes how to--
(1) Use the signals recorded before, during, and after an emission
test to calculate brake-specific emissions of each measured exhaust
constituent.
(2) Perform calculations for calibrations and performance checks.
(3) Determine statistical values.
(b) You may use data from multiple systems to calculate test results
for a single emission test, consistent with good engineering judgment.
You may also make multiple measurements from a single batch sample, such
as multiple weighings of a PM filter or multiple readings from a bag
sample. You may not use test results from multiple emission tests to
report emissions. We allow weighted means where appropriate. You may
discard statistical outliers, but you must report all results.
(c) You may use any of the following calculations instead of the
calculations specified in this subpart G:
(1) Mass-based emission calculations prescribed by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO), according to ISO 8178, except
the following:
(i) ISO 8178-1 Section 14.4, NOX Correction for Humidity
and Temperature. See Sec. 1065.670 for approved methods for humidity
corrections.
(ii) ISO 8178-1 Section 15.1, Particulate Correction Factor for
Humidity.
(2) Other calculations that you show are equivalent to within 0.1% of the brake-specific emission results determined
using the calculations specified in this subpart G.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37324, June 30, 2008;
74 FR 56516, Oct. 30, 2009; 75 FR 23044, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.602 Statistics.

(a) Overview. This section contains equations and example
calculations for statistics that are specified in this part. In this
section we use the letter ``y'' to denote a generic measured quantity,
the superscript over-bar ``^-`` to denote an arithmetic mean,
and the subscript ``ref'' to denote the reference quantity
being measured.
(b) Arithmetic mean. Calculate an arithmetic mean, y, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.003

Example:

N = 3
y1 = 10.60
y2 = 11.91
yN = y3 = 11.09
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.004

[[Page 775]]

y = 11.20

(c) Standard deviation. Calculate the standard deviation for a non-
biased (e.g., N-1) sample, [sigma], as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.024

Example:

N = 3
y1 = 10.60
y2 = 11.91
yN = y3 = 11.09
y = 11.20
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.025

[sigma]y = 0.6619

(d) Root mean square. Calculate a root mean square, rmsy,
as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.026

Example:

N = 3
y1 = 10.60
y2 = 11.91
yN = y3 = 11.09
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.027

rmsy = 11.21

(e) Accuracy. Determine accuracy as described in this paragraph (e).
Make multiple measurements of a standard quantity to create a set of
observed values, yi, and compare each observed value to the
known value of the standard quantity. The standard quantity may have a
single known value, such as a gas standard, or a set of known values of
negligible range, such as a known applied pressure produced by a
calibration device during repeated applications. The known value of the
standard quantity is represented by yrefi . If you use a
standard quantity with a single value, yrefi would be
constant. Calculate an accuracy value as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.005

Example:

yref = 1800.0
N = 3
y1 = 1806.4
y2 = 1803.1
y3 = 1798.9
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.006

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.007

[[Page 776]]

accuracy = 2.8

(f) t-test. Determine if your data passes a t-test by using the
following equations and tables:
(1) For an unpaired t-test, calculate the t statistic and its number
of degrees of freedom, [nu], as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.030

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.031

Example:

yref = 1205.3
y = 1123.8
[sigma]ref = 9.399
[sigma]y = 10.583
Nref = 11
N= 7
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.032

t = 16.63
[sigma]ref = 9.399
[sigma]y = 10.583
Nref = 11
N = 7
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.033

[nu] = 11.76

(2) For a paired t-test, calculate the t statistic and its number of
degrees of freedom, [nu], as follows, noting that the [epsi]i are the
errors (e.g., differences) between each pair of yrefi and yi:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.034

Example:

[epsi] = -0.12580
N = 16
[sigma][epsi] = 0.04837
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.035

t = 10.403
[nu] = N - 1

Example:

N = 16
[nu] = 16 - 1
[nu] = 15

(3) Use Table 1 of this section to compare t to the tcrit
values tabulated versus the number of degrees of freedom. If t is less
than tcrit, then t passes the t-test. The Microsoft Excel
software has a TINV function that returns equivalent results and may be
used in place of Table 1, which follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.602--Critical t Values Versus Number of Degrees
of Freedom, [nu] \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Confidence
[nu] ---------------------
90% 95%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................................................. 6.314 12.706
2................................................. 2.920 4.303
3................................................. 2.353 3.182
4................................................. 2.132 2.776
5................................................. 2.015 2.571
6................................................. 1.943 2.447
7................................................. 1.895 2.365
8................................................. 1.860 2.306
9................................................. 1.833 2.262
10................................................ 1.812 2.228
11................................................ 1.796 2.201
12................................................ 1.782 2.179
13................................................ 1.771 2.160
14................................................ 1.761 2.145
15................................................ 1.753 2.131
16................................................ 1.746 2.120
18................................................ 1.734 2.101
20................................................ 1.725 2.086
22................................................ 1.717 2.074
24................................................ 1.711 2.064

[[Page 777]]

26................................................ 1.706 2.056
28................................................ 1.701 2.048
30................................................ 1.697 2.042
35................................................ 1.690 2.030
40................................................ 1.684 2.021
50................................................ 1.676 2.009
70................................................ 1.667 1.994
100............................................... 1.660 1.984
1000+............................................. 1.645 1.960
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Use linear interpolation to establish values not shown here.

(g) F-test. Calculate the F statistic as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.036

Example:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.037

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.038

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.039

F = 1.268

(1) For a 90% confidence F-test, use Table 2 of this section to
compare F to the Fcrit90 values tabulated versus (N-1) and
(Nref-1). If F is less than Fcrit90, then F passes
the F-test at 90% confidence.
(2) For a 95% confidence F-test, use Table 3 of this section to
compare F to the Fcrit95 values tabulated versus (N-1) and
(Nref-1). If F is less than Fcrit95, then F passes
the F-test at 95% confidence.

[[Page 778]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.017

[[Page 779]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.018

(h) Slope. Calculate a least-squares regression slope,
a1y, as follows:

[[Page 780]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.021

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
y = 1050.1
yref 1 = 2045.0
yref = 1055.3
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.022

a1y = 1.0110

(i) Intercept. Calculate a least-squares regression intercept,
a0y, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.042

Example:

y = 1050.1
a1y = 1.0110
yref = 1055.3
a0y = 1050.1 - (1.0110 [middot] 1055.3)
a0y = -16.8083

(j) Standard estimate of error. Calculate a standard estimate of
error, SEE, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.043

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
a0y = -16.8083
a1y = 1.0110
yrefi= 2045.0
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.044

[[Page 781]]

SEEy = 5.348

(k) Coefficient of determination. Calculate a coefficient of
determination, r\2\, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.045

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
a0y = -16.8083
a1y = 1.0110
yrefi = 2045.0
y = 1480.5
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.046

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.174

(l) Flow-weighted mean concentration. In some sections of this part,
you may need to calculate a flow-weighted mean concentration to
determine the applicability of certain provisions. A flow-weighted mean
is the mean of a quantity after it is weighted proportional to a
corresponding flow rate. For example, if a gas concentration is measured
continuously from the raw exhaust of an engine, its flow-weighted mean
concentration is the sum of the products of each recorded concentration
times its respective exhaust molar flow rate, divided by the sum of the
recorded flow rate values. As another example, the bag concentration
from a CVS system is the same as the flow-weighted mean concentration
because the CVS system itself flow-weights the bag concentration. You
might already expect a certain flow-weighted mean concentration of an
emission at its standard based on previous testing with similar engines
or testing with similar equipment and instruments. If you need to
estimate your expected flow-weighted mean concentration of an emission
at its standard, we recommend using the following examples as a guide
for how to estimate the flow-weighted mean concentration expected at the
standard. Note that these examples are not exact and that they contain
assumptions that are not always valid. Use good engineering judgment to
determine if you can use similar assumptions.
(1) To estimate the flow-weighted mean raw exhaust NOX
concentration from a turbocharged heavy-duty compression-ignition engine
at a NOX standard of 2.5 g/(kW[middot]hr), you may do the
following:
(i) Based on your engine design, approximate a map of maximum torque
versus speed and use it with the applicable normalized duty cycle in the
standard-setting part to generate a reference duty cycle as described in
Sec. 1065.610. Calculate the total reference work, Wref, as
described in Sec. 1065.650. Divide the reference work by the duty
cycle's time interval, [Delta]tdutycycle, to determine mean
reference power, Pref.
(ii) Based on your engine design, estimate maximum power,
Pmax, the design speed at maximum power, fnmax,
the design maximum intake manifold boost pressure, pinmax,
and temperature, Tinmax. Also, estimate a mean fraction of
power that is lost due to friction and pumping, Pfrict. Use
this information along with the engine displacement volume,
Vdisp, an approximate volumetric efficiency,
[eta]V, and the number

[[Page 782]]

of engine strokes per power stroke (2-stroke or 4-stroke),
Nstroke, to estimate the maximum raw exhaust molar flow rate,
nehmax.
(iii) Use your estimated values as described in the following
example calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.023

Example:

eNOx = 2.5 g/(kW[middot]hr)
Wref = 11.883 kW[middot]hr
MNOx = 46.0055 g/mol = 46.0055[middot]10^-\6\ g/
[micro]mol
[Delta]tdutycycle = 20 min = 1200 s
Pref = 35.65 kW
Pfrict = 15%
Pmax = 125 kW
pmax = 300 kPa = 300,000 Pa
Vdisp = 3.0 l = 0.0030 m\3\/r
fnmax = 2,800 r/min = 46.67 r/s
Nstroke = 4
[eta]V = 0.9
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K)
Tmax = 348.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.024

nexhmax = 6.53 mol/s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.025

xexp = 189.4 [micro]mol/mol

(2) To estimate the flow-weighted mean NMHC concentration in a CVS
from a naturally aspirated nonroad spark-ignition engine at an NMHC
standard of 0.5 g/(kW[middot]hr), you may do the following:
(i) Based on your engine design, approximate a map of maximum torque

[[Page 783]]

versus speed and use it with the applicable normalized duty cycle in the
standard-setting part to generate a reference duty cycle as described in
Sec. 1065.610. Calculate the total reference work, Wref, as
described in Sec. 1065.650.
(ii) Multiply your CVS total molar flow rate by the time interval of
the duty cycle, [Delta]tdutycycle. The result is the total
diluted exhaust flow of the ndexh.
(iii) Use your estimated values as described in the following
example calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.051

Example:

eNMHC = 1.5 g/(kW[middot]hr)
Wref = 5.389 kW[middot]hr
MNMHC = 13.875389 g/mol = 13.875389 [middot] 10^-6
g/[micro]mol
ndexh = 6.021 mol/s
[Delta]tdutycycle = 30 min = 1800 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.052

xNMHC = 53.8 [micro]mol/mol

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37324, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 23044, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57452, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.610 Duty cycle generation.

This section describes how to generate duty cycles that are specific
to your engine, based on the normalized duty cycles in the standard-
setting part. During an emission test, use a duty cycle that is specific
to your engine to command engine speed, torque, and power, as
applicable, using an engine dynamometer and an engine operator demand.
Paragraph (a) of this section describes how to ``normalize'' your
engine's map to determine the maximum test speed and torque for your
engine. The rest of this section describes how to use these values to
``denormalize'' the duty cycles in the standard-setting parts, which are
all published on a normalized basis. Thus, the term ``normalized'' in
paragraph (a) of this section refers to different values than it does in
the rest of the section.
(a) Maximum test speed, fntest. This section generally
applies to duty cycles for variable-speed engines. For constant-speed
engines subject to duty cycles that specify normalized speed commands,
use the no-load governed speed as the measured fntest. This
is the highest engine speed where an engine outputs zero torque. For
variable-speed engines, determine the measured fntest from
the power-versus-speed map, generated according to Sec. 1065.510, as
follows:
(1) Based on the map, determine maximum power, Pmax, and
the speed at which maximum power occurred, fnPmax. If maximum
power occurs at multiple speeds, take fnPmax as the lowest of
these speeds. Divide every recorded power by Pmax and divide
every recorded speed by fnPmax. The result is a normalized
power-versus-speed map. Your measured fntest is the speed at
which the sum of the squares of normalized speed and power is maximum.
Note that if multiple maximum values are found, fntest should
be taken as the lowest speed of all points with the same maximum sum of
squares. Determine fntest as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.026

Where:

fntest = maximum test speed.

[[Page 784]]

i = an indexing variable that represents one recorded value of an
engine map.
fnnormi = an engine speed normalized by dividing it by
fnPmax.
Pnormi = an engine power normalized by dividing it by
Pmax.

Example:

(fnnorm1 = 1.002, Pnorm1 = 0.978, fn1 =
2359.71)
(fnnorm2 = 1.004, Pnorm2 = 0.977, fn2 =
2364.42)
(fnnorm3 = 1.006, Pnorm3 = 0.974, fn3 =
2369.13)
(fnnorm1\2\ + Pnorm1\2\) = (1.002\2\ + 0.978\2\) =
1.960
(fnnorm2\2\ + Pnorm2\2\) = (1.004\2\ + 0.977\2\) =
1.963
(fnnorm3\2\ + Pnorm3\2\) = (1.006\2\ + 0.974\2\) =
1.961
maximum = 1.963 at-i = 2
fntest = 2,364.42 r/min
(2) For engines with a high-speed governor that will be subject to a
reference duty cycle that specifies normalized speeds greater than 100%,
calculate an alternate maximum test speed, fntest,alt, as
specified in this paragraph (a)(2). If fntest,alt is less
than the measured maximum test speed, fntest, determined in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, replace fntest with
fntest,alt. In this case, fntest,alt becomes the
``maximum test speed'' for that engine. Note that Sec. 1065.510 allows
you to apply an optional declared maximum test speed to the final
measured maximum test speed determined as an outcome of the comparison
between fntest, and fntest,alt in this paragraph
(a)(2). Determine fntest,alt as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.027

Where:

fntest,alt = alternate maximum test speed
fnhi,idle = warm high-idle speed
fnidle = warm idle speed
% speedmax = maximum normalized speed from duty cycle

Example:
fnhi,idle = 2,200 r/min
fnidle = 800 r/min
% speedmax = 105% (Nonroad CI Transient Cycle)
fntest,alt = (2,200-800)/105% + 800
fntest,alt = 2,133 r/min

(3) For variable-speed engines, transform normalized speeds to
reference speeds according to paragraph (c) of this section by using the
measured maximum test speed determined according to paragraphs (a)(1)
and (2) of this section--or use your declared maximum test speed, as
allowed in Sec. 1065.510.
(4) For constant-speed engines, transform normalized speeds to
reference speeds according to paragraph (c) of this section by using the
measured no-load governed speed--or use your declared maximum test
speed, as allowed in Sec. 1065.510.
(b) Maximum test torque, Ttest. For constant-speed
engines, determine the measured Ttest from the power-versus-
speed map, generated according to Sec. 1065.510, as follows:
(1) Based on the map, determine maximum power, Pmax, and
the speed at which maximum power occurs, fnPmax. If maximum
power occurs at multiple speeds, take fnPmax as the lowest of
these speeds. Divide every recorded power by Pmax and divide
every recorded speed by fnPmax. The result is a normalized
power-versus-speed map. Your measured Ttest is the torque at
which the sum of the squares of normalized speed and power is maximum.
Note that that if multiple maximum values are found, Ttest
should be taken as the highest torque of all points with the same
maximum sum of squares. Determine Ttest as follows:

[[Page 785]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.028

Where:

Ttest = maximum test torque.

Example:

(fnnorm1 = 1.002, Pnorm1 = 0.978, T1 =
722.62 N[middot]m)
(fnnorm2 = 1.004, Pnorm2 = 0.977, T2 =
720.44 N[middot]m)
(fnnorm3 = 1.006, Pnorm3 = 0.974, T3 =
716.80 N[middot]m)
(fnnorm1\2\ + Pnorm1\2\) = (1.002\2\ + 0.978\2\) =
1.960
(fnnorm1\2\ + Pnorm1\2\) = (1.004\2\ + 0.977\2\) =
1.963
(fnnorm1\2\ + Pnorm1\2\) = (1.006\2\ + 0.974\2\) =
1.961
maximum = 1.963 at--i = 2
Ttest-- = 720.44 N[middot]m

(2) Transform normalized torques to reference torques according to
paragraph (d) of this section by using the measured maximum test torque
determined according to paragraph (b)(1) of this section--or use your
declared maximum test torque, as allowed in Sec. 1065.510.
(c) Generating reference speed values from normalized duty cycle
speeds. Transform normalized speed values to reference values as
follows:
(1) % speed. If your normalized duty cycle specifies % speed values,
use your warm idle speed and your maximum test speed to transform the
duty cycle, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.029

Example:

% speed = 85%
fntest = 2,364 r/min
fnidle = 650 r/min
fnref = 85% [middot] (2,364 - 650) + 650
fnref = 2,107 r/min

(2) A, B, and C speeds. If your normalized duty cycle specifies
speeds as A, B, or C values, use your power-versus-speed curve to
determine the lowest speed below maximum power at which 50% of maximum
power occurs. Denote this value as nlo. Take nlo
to be warm idle speed if all power points at speeds below the maximum
power speed are higher than 50% of maximum power. Also determine the
highest speed above maximum power at which 70% of maximum power occurs.
Denote this value as nhi. If all power points at speeds above
the maximum power speed are higher than 70% of maximum power, take
nhi to be the declared maximum safe engine speed or the
declared maximum representative engine speed, whichever is lower. Use
nhi and nlo to calculate reference values for A,
B, or C speeds as follows:

[[Page 786]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.030

Example:

nlo = 1005 r/min
nhi = 2385 r/min
fnrefA = 0.25 [middot] (2385 - 1005) + 1005
fnrefB = 0.50 [middot] (2385 - 1005) + 1005
fnrefC = 0.75 [middot] (2385 - 1005) + 1005
fnrefA = 1350 r/min
fnrefB = 1695 r/min
fnrefC = 2040 r/min

(3) Intermediate speed. If your normalized duty cycle specifies a
speed as ``intermediate speed,'' use your torque-versus-speed curve to
determine the speed at which maximum torque occurs. This is peak torque
speed. If maximum torque occurs in a flat region of the torque-versus-
speed curve, your peak torque speed is the midpoint between the lowest
and highest speeds at which the trace reaches the flat region. For
purposes of this paragraph (c)(3), a flat region is one in which
measured torque values are within 2% of the maximum recorded value.
Identify your reference intermediate speed as one of the following
values:
(d) Generating reference torques from normalized duty-cycle torques.
Transform normalized torques to reference torques using your map of
maximum torque versus speed.
(1) Reference torque for variable-speed engines. For a given speed
point, multiply the corresponding % torque by the maximum torque at that
speed, according to your map. If your engine is subject to a reference
duty cycle that specifies negative torque values (i.e., engine
motoring), use negative torque for those motoring points (i.e., the
motoring torque). If you map negative torque as allowed under Sec.
1065.510 (c)(2) and the low-speed governor activates, resulting in
positive torques, you may replace those positive motoring mapped torques
with negative values between zero and the largest negative motoring
torque. For both maximum and motoring torque maps, linearly interpolate
mapped torque values to determine torque between mapped speeds. If the
reference speed is below the minimum mapped speed (i.e., 95% of idle
speed or 95% of lowest required speed, whichever is higher), use the
mapped torque at the minimum mapped speed as the reference torque. The
result is the reference torque for each speed point.
(2) Reference torque for constant-speed engines. Multiply a % torque
value by your maximum test torque. The result is the reference torque
for each point.
(3) Required deviations. We require the following deviations for
variable-speed engines intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle
with an automatic transmission where that engine is subject to a
transient duty cycle with idle operation. These deviations are intended
to produce a more representative transient duty cycle for these
applications. For steady-state duty cycles or transient duty cycles with
no idle operation, these requirements do not apply. Idle points for
steady state duty cycles of such engines are to be run at conditions
simulating neutral or park on the transmission.

[[Page 787]]

(i) Zero-percent speed is the warm idle speed measured according to
Sec. 1065.510(b)(6) with CITT applied, i.e., measured warm idle speed
in drive.
(ii) If the cycle begins with a set of contiguous idle points (zero-
percent speed, and zero-percent torque), leave the reference torques set
to zero for this initial contiguous idle segment. This is to represent
free idle operation with the transmission in neutral or park at the
start of the transient duty cycle, after the engine is started. If the
initial idle segment is longer than 24 s, change the reference torques
for the remaining idle points in the initial contiguous idle segment to
CITT (i.e., change idle points corresponding to 25 s to the end of the
initial idle segment to CITT). This is to represent shifting the
transmission to drive.
(iii) For all other idle points, change the reference torque to
CITT. This is to represent the transmission operating in drive.
(iv) If the engine is intended primarily for automatic transmissions
with a Neutral-When-Stationary feature that automatically shifts the
transmission to neutral after the vehicle is stopped for a designated
time and automatically shifts back to drive when the operator increases
demand (i.e., pushes the accelerator pedal), change the reference torque
back to zero for idle points in drive after the designated time.
(v) For all points with normalized speed at or below zero percent
and reference torque from zero to CITT, set the reference torque to
CITT. This is to provide smoother torque references below idle speed.
(vi) For motoring points, make no changes.
(vii) For consecutive points with reference torques from zero to
CITT that immediately follow idle points, change their reference torques
to CITT. This is to provide smooth torque transition out of idle
operation. This does not apply if the Neutral-When-Stationary feature is
used and the transmission has shifted to neutral.
(viii) For consecutive points with reference torque from zero to
CITT that immediately precede idle points, change their reference
torques to CITT. This is to provide smooth torque transition into idle
operation.
(4) Permissible deviations for any engine. If your engine does not
operate below a certain minimum torque under normal in-use conditions,
you may use a declared minimum torque as the reference value instead of
any value denormalized to be less than the declared value. For example,
if your engine is connected to a hydrostatic transmission and it has a
minimum torque even when all the driven hydraulic actuators and motors
are stationary and the engine is at idle, then you may use this declared
minimum torque as a reference torque value instead of any reference
torque value generated under paragraph (d)(1) or (2) of this section
that is between zero and this declared minimum torque.
(e) Generating reference power values from normalized duty cycle
powers. Transform normalized power values to reference speed and power
values using your map of maximum power versus speed.
(1) First transform normalized speed values into reference speed
values. For a given speed point, multiply the corresponding % power by
the mapped power at maximum test speed, fntest, unless
specified otherwise by the standard-setting part. The result is the
reference power for each speed point, Pref. Convert these
reference powers to corresponding torques for operator demand and
dynamometer control and for duty cycle validation per 1065.514. Use the
reference speed associated with each reference power point for this
conversion. As with cycles specified with % torque, linearly interpolate
between these reference torque values generated from cycles with %
power.
(2) Permissible deviations for any engine. If your engine does not
operate below a certain power under normal in-use conditions, you may
use a declared minimum power as the reference value instead of any value
denormalized to be less than the declared value. For example, if your
engine is directly connected to a propeller, it may have a minimum power
called idle power. In this case, you may use this declared minimum power
as a reference power value instead of any reference power value
generated per paragraph (e)(1) of

[[Page 788]]

this section that is from zero to this declared minimum power.

[73 FR 37324, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59330, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23045, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57453, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.630 1980 international gravity formula.

The acceleration of Earth's gravity, ag, varies depending
on your location. Calculate ag at your latitude, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.059

Where:

[thetas] = Degrees north or south latitude.

Example:

[thetas] = 45[deg]
ag = 9.7803267715 [middot] (1+
5.2790414 [middot] 10^-3 [middot] sin\2\ (45) +
2.32718 [middot] 10^-5 [middot]sin \4\ (45) +
1.262 [middot] 10^-7 [middot]sin \6\ (45) +
7 [middot] 10^-10 [middot]sin \8\ (45)
ag = 9.8178291229 m/s\2\

Sec. 1065.640 Flow meter calibration calculations.

This section describes the calculations for calibrating various flow
meters. After you calibrate a flow meter using these calculations, use
the calculations described in Sec. 1065.642 to calculate flow during an
emission test. Paragraph (a) of this section first describes how to
convert reference flow meter outputs for use in the calibration
equations, which are presented on a molar basis. The remaining
paragraphs describe the calibration calculations that are specific to
certain types of flow meters.
(a) Reference meter conversions. The calibration equations in this
section use molar flow rate, nref, as a reference quantity.
If your reference meter outputs a flow rate in a different quantity,
such as standard volume rate, Vstdref, actual volume rate,
Vactref, or mass rate, mref, convert your
reference meter output to a molar flow rate using the following
equations, noting that while values for volume rate, mass rate,
pressure, temperature, and molar mass may change during an emission
test, you should ensure that they are as constant as practical for each
individual set point during a flow meter calibration:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.100

Eq. 1065.640-1

Where:
nref = reference molar flow rate.
Vstdref = reference volume flow rate, corrected to a standard
pressure and a standard temperature.
Vactref = reference volume flow rate at the actual pressure
and temperature of the flow rate.
mref = reference mass flow.
Pstd = standard pressure.
Pact = actual pressure of the flow rate.
Tstd = standard temperature.
Tact = actual temperature of the flow rate.
R = molar gas constant.
Mmix = molar mass of the flow rate.

Example 1:

Vstdref = 1000.00 ft\3\/min = 0.471948 m\3\/s
P = 29.9213 in Hg @ 32 [deg]F = 101325 Pa
T = 68.0 [deg]F = 293.15 K
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.101

[[Page 789]]

nref = 19.619 mol/s

Example 2:

mref = 17.2683 kg/min = 287.805 g/s
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.102

nref = 10.0000 mol/s
(b) PDP calibration calculations. For each restrictor position,
calculate the following values from the mean values determined in Sec.
1065.340, as follows:
(1) PDP volume pumped per revolution, Vrev (m\3\/r):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.031

Example:

n&ref = 25.096 mol/s
R = 8.314472 J/(mol [middot] K)
Tin = 299.5 K
Pin = 98290 Pa
fnPDP = 1205.1 r/min = 20.085 r/s
Vrev = 0.03166 m\3\/r

(2) PDP slip correction factor, Ks (s/r):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.032

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.033

Example:

fnPDP = 1205.1 r/min = 20.085 r/s
Pout = 100.103 kPa
Pin = 98.290 kPa
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.034

Ks = 0.006700 s/r

(3) Perform a least-squares regression of PDP volume pumped per
revolution, Vrev, versus PDP slip correction factor,
Ks, by calculating slope, a1, and intercept,
a0, as described in Sec. 1065.602.

[[Page 790]]

(4) Repeat the procedure in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section for every speed that you run your PDP.
(5) The following example illustrates these calculations:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.640--Example of PDP Calibration Data
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a1 (m\3\/ a0 (m\3\/
f8nPDP (r/min) min) r)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
755.0............................................. 50.43 0.056
987.6............................................. 49.86 -0.013
1254.5............................................ 48.54 0.028
1401.3............................................ 47.30 -0.061
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(6) For each speed at which you operate the PDP, use the
corresponding slope, a1, and intercept, a0, to
calculate flow rate during emission testing as described in Sec.
1065.642.
(c) Venturi governing equations and permissible assumptions. This
section describes the governing equations and permissible assumptions
for calibrating a venturi and calculating flow using a venturi. Because
a subsonic venturi (SSV) and a critical-flow venturi (CFV) both operate
similarly, their governing equations are nearly the same, except for the
equation describing their pressure ratio, r (i.e., rSSV
versus rCFV). These governing equations assume one-
dimensional isentropic inviscid compressible flow of an ideal gas. In
paragraph (c)(4) of this section, we describe other assumptions that you
may make, depending upon how you conduct your emission tests. If we do
not allow you to assume that the measured flow is an ideal gas, the
governing equations include a first-order correction for the behavior of
a real gas; namely, the compressibility factor, Z. If good engineering
judgment dictates using a value other than Z=1, you may either use an
appropriate equation of state to determine values of Z as a function of
measured pressures and temperatures, or you may develop your own
calibration equations based on good engineering judgment. Note that the
equation for the flow coefficient, Cf, is based on the ideal
gas assumption that the isentropic exponent, [gamma], is equal to the
ratio of specific heats, Cp/Cv. If good
engineering judgment dictates using a real gas isentropic exponent, you
may either use an appropriate equation of state to determine values of
[gamma] as a function of measured pressures and temperatures, or you may
develop your own calibration equations based on good engineering
judgment. Calculate molar flow rate, n, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.067

Where:

Cd = Discharge coefficient, as determined in paragraph (c)(1)
of this section.
Cf = Flow coefficient, as determined in paragraph (c)(2) of
this section.
At = Venturi throat cross-sectional area.
pin = Venturi inlet absolute static pressure.
Z = Compressibility factor.
Mmix = Molar mass of gas mixture.
R = Molar gas constant.
Tin = Venturi inlet absolute temperature.

(1) Using the data collected in Sec. 1065.340, calculate Cd using
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.068

Where:

nref = A reference molar flow rate.

(2) Determine Cf using one of the following methods:
(i) For CFV flow meters only, determine CfCFV from the
following table

[[Page 791]]

based on your values for [beta] and [gamma], using linear interpolation
to find intermediate values:

Table 2 of Sec. 1065.640--CfCFV versus [beta] and [gamma] for CFV Flow
Meters
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CfCFV
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
[gamma]dexh
[gamma]exh =
[beta] = 1.385 [gamma]air
= 1.399
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.000.......................................... 0.6822 0.6846
0.400.......................................... 0.6857 0.6881
0.500.......................................... 0.6910 0.6934
0.550.......................................... 0.6953 0.6977
0.600.......................................... 0.7011 0.7036
0.625.......................................... 0.7047 0.7072
0.650.......................................... 0.7089 0.7114
0.675.......................................... 0.7137 0.7163
0.700.......................................... 0.7193 0.7219
0.720.......................................... 0.7245 0.7271
0.740.......................................... 0.7303 0.7329
0.760.......................................... 0.7368 0.7395
0.770.......................................... 0.7404 0.7431
0.780.......................................... 0.7442 0.7470
0.790.......................................... 0.7483 0.7511
0.800.......................................... 0.7527 0.7555
0.810.......................................... 0.7573 0.7602
0.820.......................................... 0.7624 0.7652
0.830.......................................... 0.7677 0.7707
0.840.......................................... 0.7735 0.7765
0.850.......................................... 0.7798 0.7828
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) For any CFV or SSV flow meter, you may use the following
equation to calculate Cf:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.069

Where:

[gamma] = isentropic exponent. For an ideal gas, this is the ratio of
specific heats of the gas mixture, Cp/Cv.
r = Pressure ratio, as determined in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
[beta] = Ratio of venturi throat to inlet diameters.

(3) Calculate r as follows:
(i) For SSV systems only, calculate rSSV using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.014

Where:
[Delta]pSSV = Differential static pressure; venturi inlet
minus venturi throat.

(ii) For CFV systems only, calculate rCFV iteratively
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.015

[[Page 792]]

(4) You may make any of the following simplifying assumptions of the
governing equations, or you may use good engineering judgment to develop
more appropriate values for your testing:
(i) For emission testing over the full ranges of raw exhaust,
diluted exhaust and dilution air, you may assume that the gas mixture
behaves as an ideal gas: Z = 1.
(ii) For the full range of raw exhaust you may assume a constant
ratio of specific heats of [gamma] =1.385.
(iii) For the full range of diluted exhaust and air (e.g.,
calibration air or dilution air), you may assume a constant ratio of
specific heats of [gamma] = 1.399.
(iv) For the full range of diluted exhaust and air, you may assume
the molar mass of the mixture is a function only of the amount of water
in the dilution air or calibration air, xH2O, determined as
described in Sec. 1065.645, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.072

Example:

Mair = 28.96559 g/mol
xH2O = 0.0169 mol/mol
MH2O = 18.01528 g/mol
Mmix = 28.96559 [middot] (1 0.0169) + 18.01528 [middot]
0.0169
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol

(v) For the full range of diluted exhaust and air, you may assume a
constant molar mass of the mixture, Mmix, for all calibration
and all testing as long as your assumed molar mass differs no more than
1% from the estimated minimum and maximum molar
mass during calibration and testing. You may assume this, using good
engineering judgment, if you sufficiently control the amount of water in
calibration air and in dilution air or if you remove sufficient water
from both calibration air and dilution air. The following table gives
examples of permissible ranges of dilution air dewpoint versus
calibration air dewpoint:

Table 3 of Sec. 1065.640--Examples of Dilution Air and Calibration Air
Dewpoints at Which you May Assume a Constant Mmix.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
assume the for the following
following ranges of Tdew
If calibration Tdew ([deg]C) is... constant Mmix ([deg]C) during
(g/mol)... emission tests \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
dry............................... 28.96559 dry to 18.
0................................. 28.89263 dry to 21.
5................................. 28.86148 dry to 22.
10................................ 28.81911 dry to 24.
15................................ 28.76224 dry to 26.
20................................ 28.68685 -8 to 28.
25................................ 28.58806 12 to 31.
30................................ 28.46005 23 to 34.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Range valid for all calibration and emission testing over the
atmospheric pressure range (80.000 to 103.325) kPa.

(5) The following example illustrates the use of the governing
equations to calculate the discharge coefficient, Cd, of an
SSV flow meter at one reference flow meter value. Note that calculating
Cd for a CFV flow meter would be similar, except that
Cf would be determined from Table 2 of this section or
calculated iteratively using values of [beta] and [gamma] as described
in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.

Example:
nref= 57.625 mol/s
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K)
Tin = 298.15 K
At = 0.01824 m\2\
pin = 99132.0 Pa

[[Page 793]]

[gamma] = 1.399
[beta] = 0.8
[Delta]p = 2.312 kPa
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08NO10.028

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08NO10.029

Cf = 0.274
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08NO10.030

Cd = 0.982

(d) SSV calibration. Perform the following steps to calibrate an SSV
flow meter:
(1) Calculate the Reynolds number, Re, for each
reference molar flow rate, using the throat diameter of the venturi,
dt. Because the dynamic viscosity, [micro], is needed to
compute Re, you may use your own fluid viscosity
model to determine [micro] for your calibration gas (usually air), using
good engineering judgment. Alternatively, you may use the Sutherland
three-coefficient viscosity model to approximate [micro], as shown in
the following sample calculation for Re:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.019

Where, using the Sutherland three-coefficient viscosity model:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.020

Where:

[micro] = Dynamic viscosity of calibration gas.
[micro]0 = Sutherland reference viscosity.
T0 = Sutherland reference temperature.

[[Page 794]]

S = Sutherland constant.

Table 4 of Sec. 1065.640--Sutherland Three-Coefficient Viscosity Model Parameters
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[micro]0 T0 S Temp range within Pressure
------------------------------------------ 2% error ------------
Gas \a\ kg/
(m[middot]s) K K -------------------- kPa
K
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air.................................. 1.716[middot]1 273 111 170 to 1,900 <= 1,800
0-5
CO2.................................. 1.370[middot]1 273 222 190 to 1,700 <= 3,600
0-5
H2O.................................. 1.12[middot]10- 350 1,064 360 to 1,500 <= 10,000
5
O2................................... 1.919[middot]1 273 139 190 to 2,000 <= 2,500
0-5
N2................................... 1.663[middot]1 273 107 100 to 1,500 <= 1,600
0-5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Use tabulated parameters only for the pure gases, as listed. Do not combine parameters in calculations to
calculate viscosities of gas mixtures.

Example:

[micro]0 = 1.716 [middot] 10^-5 kg/(m[middot]s)
T0 = 273.11 K
S = 110.56 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.021

[micro] = 1.837[middot]10^-5 kg/(m[middot]s)
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol
nref = 57.625 mol/s
dt = 152.4 mm
Tin = 298.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.022

Re = 7.541[middot]10\5\

(2) Create an equation for Cd versus Re#, using paired
values of (Re#, Cd). For the equation, you may use any
mathematical expression, including a polynomial or a power series. The
following equation is an example of a commonly used mathematical
expression for relating Cd and Re#:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.080

(3) Perform a least-squares regression analysis to determine the
best-fit coefficients to the equation and calculate the equation's
regression statistics, SEE and r\2\, according to Sec. 1065.602.
(4) If the equation meets the criteria of SEE <= 0.5% [middot]
nrefmax and r\2\ = 0.995, you may use the equation
to determine Cd for emission tests, as described in Sec.
1065.642.
(5) If the SEE and r\2\ criteria are not met, you may use good
engineering judgment to omit calibration data points to meet the
regression statistics. You must use at least seven calibration data
points to meet the criteria.
(6) If omitting points does not resolve outliers, take corrective
action. For example, select another mathematical expression for the
Cd versus Re# equation, check for leaks, or repeat the
calibration process. If you must repeat the process, we recommend
applying tighter tolerances to measurements and allowing more time for
flows to stabilize.
(7) Once you have an equation that meets the regression criteria,
you may use the equation only to determine flow rates that are within
the range of

[[Page 795]]

the reference flow rates used to meet the Cd versus Re#
equation's regression criteria.
(e) CFV calibration. Some CFV flow meters consist of a single
venturi and some consist of multiple venturis, where different
combinations of venturis are used to meter different flow rates. For CFV
flow meters that consist of multiple venturis, either calibrate each
venturi independently to determine a separate discharge coefficient, Cd,
for each venturi, or calibrate each combination of venturis as one
venturi. In the case where you calibrate a combination of venturis, use
the sum of the active venturi throat areas as At, the square root of the
sum of the squares of the active venturi throat diameters as dt, and the
ratio of the venturi throat to inlet diameters as the ratio of the
square root of the sum of the active venturi throat diameters (dt) to
the diameter of the common entrance to all of the venturis (D). To
determine the Cd for a single venturi or a single combination of
venturis, perform the following steps:
(1) Use the data collected at each calibration set point to
calculate an individual Cd for each point using Eq. 1065.640-4.
(2) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of all the Cd values
according to Eqs. 1065.602-1 and 1065.602-2.
(3) If the standard deviation of all the Cd values is
less than or equal to 0.3% of the mean Cd, use the mean
Cd in Eq 1065.642-6, and use the CFV only up to the highest r
measured during calibration using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.035

Where:

[Delta]p--CFV = Differential static pressure; venturi
inlet minus venturi outlet.
(4) If the standard deviation of all the Cd values
exceeds 0.3% of the mean Cd, omit the Cd values
corresponding to the data point collected at the highest r measured
during calibration.
(5) If the number of remaining data points is less than seven, take
corrective action by checking your calibration data or repeating the
calibration process. If you repeat the calibration process, we recommend
checking for leaks, applying tighter tolerances to measurements and
allowing more time for flows to stabilize.
(6) If the number of remaining Cd values is seven or greater,
recalculate the mean and standard deviation of the remaining Cd values.
(7) If the standard deviation of the remaining Cd values
is less than or equal to 0.3% of the mean of the remaining
Cd, use that mean Cd in Eq 1065.642-6, and use the
CFV values only up to the highest r associated with the remaining
Cd.
(8) If the standard deviation of the remaining Cd still exceeds 0.3%
of the mean of the remaining Cd values, repeat the steps in paragraph
(e)(4) through (8) of this section.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37326, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59331, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 23045, Apr. 30, 2010; 75 FR 68464, Nov.
8, 2010; 76 FR 57455, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.642 SSV, CFV, and PDP molar flow rate calculations.

This section describes the equations for calculating molar flow
rates from various flow meters. After you calibrate a flow meter
according to Sec. 1065.640, use the calculations described in this
section to calculate flow during an emission test.
(a) PDP molar flow rate. Based upon the speed at which you operate
the PDP for a test interval, select the corresponding slope,
a1, and intercept, a0, as calculated in Sec.
1065.640, to calculate molar flow rate, n as follows:

[[Page 796]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.036

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.037

Example:

a1 = 50.43 (m\3\/min) = 0.8405 (m\3\/s)
fnPDP = 755.0 r/min = 12.58 r/s
pout = 99950 Pa
pin = 98575 Pa
a0 = 0.056 (m\3\/r)
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K)
Tin = 323.5 K
Cp = 1000 (J/m\3\)/kPa
Ct = 60 s/min
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.038

Vrev = 0.06383 m\3\/r
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.039

n = 29.428 mol/s

(b) SSV molar flow rate. Based on the Cd versus
Re equation you determined according to Sec.
1065.640, calculate SSV molar flow rate, n during an emission test as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.028

Example:

At = 0.01824 m\2\
pin = 99132 Pa
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol\.\K)
Tin = 298.15 K
Re = 7.232\.\10\5\
[gamma] = 1.399
[beta] = 0.8
[Delta]p = 2.312 kPa
Using Eq. 1065.640-7,
rssv = 0.997

[[Page 797]]

Using Eq. 1065.640-6,
Cf = 0.274
Using Eq. 1065.640-5,
Cd = 0.990
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.029

n = 58.173 mol/s

(c) CFV molar flow rate. Some CFV flow meters consist of a single
venturi and some consist of multiple venturis, where different
combinations of venturis are used to meter different flow rates. If you
use multiple venturis and you calibrated each venturi independently to
determine a separate discharge coefficient, Cd, for each
venturi, calculate the individual molar flow rates through each venturi
and sum all their flow rates to determine n. If you use multiple
venturis and you calibrated each combination of venturis, calculate n as
using the sum of the active venturi throat areas as At, the
square root of the sum of the squares of the active venturi throat
diameters as dt, and the ratio of the venturi throat to inlet
diameters as the ratio of the square root of the sum of the active
venturi throat diameters, dt, to the diameter of the common
entrance to all of the venturis, D. To calculate the molar flow rate
through one venturi or one combination of venturis, use its respective
mean Cd and other constants you determined according to Sec.
1065.640 and calculate its molar flow rate n during an emission test, as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08NO10.031

Example:
Cd = 0.985
Cf = 0.7219
At = 0.00456 m\2\
pin = 98836 Pa
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol\.\K)
Tin = 378.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08NO10.032

n = 33.690 mol/s

[75 FR 23047, Apr. 30, 2010, as amended at 75 FR 68464, Nov. 8, 2010; 76
FR 57456, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.644 Vacuum-decay leak rate.

This section describes how to calculate the leak rate of a vacuum-
decay leak verification, which is described in Sec. 1065.345(e). Use
Eq. 1065.644-1 to calculate the leak rate, nleak, and compare it to the
criterion specified in Sec. 1065.345(e).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.028

Where:

Vvac = geometric volume of the vacuum-side of the sampling
system.
R = molar gas constant.

[[Page 798]]

p2 = Vacuum-side absolute pressure at time t2.
T2 = Vacuum-side absolute temperature at time t2.
p1 = Vacuum-side absolute pressure at time t\1\.
T1 = Vacuum-side absolute temperature at time t1.
t2 = time at completion of vacuum-decay leak verification
test.
t1 = time at start of vacuum-decay leak verification test.

Example:

Vvac = 2.0000 L = 0.00200 m\3\
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K)
p2 = 50.600 kPa = 50600 Pa
T2 = 293.15 K
p1 = 25.300 kPa = 25300 Pa
T1 = 293.15 K
t2 = 10:57:35 AM
t1 = 10:56:25 AM
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.029

[73 FR 37327, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.645 Amount of water in an ideal gas.

This section describes how to determine the amount of water in an
ideal gas, which you need for various performance verifications and
emission calculations. Use the equation for the vapor pressure of water
in paragraph (a) of this section or another appropriate equation and,
depending on whether you measure dewpoint or relative humidity, perform
one of the calculations in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section. The
equations for the vapor pressure of water as presented in this section
are derived from equations in ``Saturation Pressure of Water on the New
Kelvin Temperature Scale'' (Goff, J.A., Transactions American Society of
Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Vol. 63, No. 1607, pages 347-
354). Note that the equations were originally published to derive vapor
pressure in units of atmospheres and have been modified to derive
results in units of kPa by converting the last term in each equation.
(a) Vapor pressure of water. Calculate the vapor pressure of water
for a given saturation temperature condition, Tsat, as
follows, or use good engineering judgment to use a different
relationship of the vapor pressure of water to a given saturation
temperature condition:
(1) For humidity measurements made at ambient temperatures from (0 to
100) [deg]C, or for humidity measurements made over super-cooled water
at ambient temperatures from (-50 to 0) [deg]C, use the following
equation:

[[Page 799]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.040

Where:

pH20 = vapor pressure of water at saturation temperature
condition, kPa.
Tsat = saturation temperature of water at measured
conditions, K.
Example:

Tsat = 9.5 [deg]C
Tsat = 9.5 + 273.15 = 282.65 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.041

log10(pH20) = 0.074297
pH20 = 10\0.074297\ = 1.186581 kPa

(2) For humidity measurements over ice at ambient temperatures from
(-100 to 0) [deg]C, use the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.042

Example:

Tice = -15.4 [deg]C
Tice = -15.4 + 273.15 = 257.75 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.043

[[Page 800]]

log10(pH20) = -0.798207
pH20 = 10 ^-0.79821 = 0.159145 kPa

(b) Dewpoint. If you measure humidity as a dewpoint, determine the
amount of water in an ideal gas, xH20, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.034

Where:
xH20 = amount of water in an ideal gas.
pH20 = water vapor pressure at the measured dewpoint,
Tsat = Tdew.
pabs = wet static absolute pressure at the location of your
dewpoint measurement.
Example::
pabs = 99.980 kPa
Tsat = Tdew = 9.5 [deg]C
Using Eq. 1065.645-1,
pH20 = 1.186581 kPa
xH2O = 1.186581/99.980
xH2O = 0.011868 mol/mol

(c) Relative humidity. If you measure humidity as a relative
humidity, RH%, determine the amount of water in an ideal gas,
xH2O, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.035

Where:
xH20 = amount of water in an ideal gas.
RH% = relative humidity.
pH20 = water vapor pressure at 100% relative humidity at the
location of your relative humidity measurement,
Tsat = Tamb.
pabs = wet static absolute pressure at the location of your
relative humidity measurement.
Example:

RH% = 50.77%
pabs = 99.980 kPa
Tsat = Tamb = 20 [deg]C
Using Eq. 1065.645-1,
pH20 = 2.3371 kPa
xH2O = (50.77% [middot] 2.3371)/99.980
xH2O = 0.011868 mol/mol

[73 FR 37327, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59331, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23048, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57456, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.650 Emission calculations.

(a) General. Calculate brake-specific emissions over each applicable
duty cycle or test interval. For test intervals with zero work (or
power), calculate the emission mass (or mass rate), but do not calculate
brake-specific emissions. For duty cycles with multiple test intervals,
refer to the standard-setting part for calculations you need to
determine a composite result, such as a calculation that weights and
sums the results of individual test intervals in a duty cycle. If the
standard-setting part does not include those calculations, use the
equations in paragraph (g) of this section. This section is written
based on rectangular integration, where each indexed value (i.e.,
``i'') represents (or approximates) the mean value of the
parameter for its respective time interval, delta-t. You may also
integrate continuous signals using trapezoidal integration consistent
with good engineering judgment.
(b) Brake-specific emissions over a test interval. We specify three
alternative ways to calculate brake-specific emissions over a test
interval, as follows:
(1) For any testing, you may calculate the total mass of emissions,
as described in paragraph (c) of this section, and divide it by the
total work generated over the test interval, as described in paragraph
(d) of this section, using the following equation:

[[Page 801]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.036

Example:

mNOx = 64.975 g
W = 25.783 kW[middot]hr
eNOx = 64.975/25.783
eNOx = 2.520 g/(kW[middot]hr)

(2) For discrete-mode steady-state testing, you may calculate the
brake-specific emissions over a test interval using the ratio of
emission mass rate to power, as described in paragraph (e) of this
section, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.037

(3) For field testing, you may calculate the ratio of total mass to
total work, where these individual values are determined as described in
paragraph (f) of this section. You may also use this approach for
laboratory testing, consistent with good engineering judgment. Good
engineering judgment dictates that this method not be used if there are
any work flow paths described in Sec. 1065.210 that cross the system
boundary, other than the primary output shaft (crankshaft). This is a
special case in which you use a signal linearly proportional to raw
exhaust molar flow rate to determine a value proportional to total
emissions. You then use the same linearly proportional signal to
determine total work using a chemical balance of fuel, intake air, and
exhaust as described in Sec. 1065.655, plus information about your
engine's brake-specific fuel consumption. Under this method, flow meters
need not meet accuracy specifications, but they must meet the applicable
linearity and repeatability specifications in subpart D or subpart J of
this part. The result is a brake-specific emission value calculated as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.038

Example:

m = 805.5 g
W = 52.102 kW[middot]hr
eCO = 805.5/52.102
eCO = 2.520 g/(kW[middot]hr)

(c) Total mass of emissions over a test interval. To calculate the
total mass of an emission, multiply a concentration by its respective
flow. For all systems, make preliminary calculations as described in
paragraph (c)(1) of this section to correct concentrations. Next, use
the method in paragraphs (c)(2) through (4) of this section that is
appropriate for your system. Finally, if necessary, calculate the mass
of NMHC as described in paragraph (c)(5) of this section for all
systems. Calculate the total mass of emissions as follows:
(1) Concentration corrections. Perform the following sequence of
preliminary calculations on recorded concentrations:
(i) Correct all gaseous emission analyzer concentration readings,
including continuous readings, sample bag readings, and dilution air
background readings, for drift as described in Sec. 1065.672. Note that
you must omit this step where brake-specific emissions are calculated
without the drift correction for

[[Page 802]]

performing the drift validation according to Sec. 1065.550(b). When
applying the initial THC and CH4 contamination readings
according to Sec. 1065.520(g), use the same values for both sets of
calculations. You may also use as-measured values in the initial set of
calculations and corrected values in the drift-corrected set of
calculations as described in Sec. 1065.520(g)(7).
(ii) Correct all THC and CH4 concentrations, including
continuous readings, sample bags readings, and dilution air background
readings, for initial contamination, as described in Sec. 1065.660(a).
(iii) Correct all concentrations measured on a ``dry'' basis to a
``wet'' basis, including dilution air background concentrations, as
described in Sec. 1065.659.
(iv) Calculate all NMHC and CH4 concentrations, including
dilution air background concentrations, as described in Sec. 1065.660.
(v) For emission testing with an oxygenated fuel, calculate any HC
concentrations, including dilution air background concentrations, as
described in Sec. 1065.665. See subpart I of this part for testing with
oxygenated fuels.
(vi) Correct all the NOX concentrations, including
dilution air background concentrations, for intake-air humidity as
described in Sec. 1065.670.
(2) Continuous sampling. For continuous sampling, you must
frequently record a continuously updated concentration signal. You may
measure this concentration from a changing flow rate or a constant flow
rate (including discrete-mode steady-state testing), as follows:
(i) Varying flow rate. If you continuously sample from a changing
exhaust flow rate, time align and then multiply concentration
measurements by the flow rate from which you extracted it. Use good
engineering judgment to time align flow and concentration data to match
transformation time, t50, to within 1
s. We consider the following to be examples of changing flows that
require a continuous multiplication of concentration times molar flow
rate: Raw exhaust, exhaust diluted with a constant flow rate of dilution
air, and CVS dilution with a CVS flowmeter that does not have an
upstream heat exchanger or electronic flow control. This multiplication
results in the flow rate of the emission itself. Integrate the emission
flow rate over a test interval to determine the total emission. If the
total emission is a molar quantity, convert this quantity to a mass by
multiplying it by its molar mass, M. The result is the mass of the
emission, m. Calculate m for continuous sampling with variable flow
using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.006

Where:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.007

Example:

MNMHC = 13.875389 g/mol
N = 1200
xNMHC1 = 84.5 [micro]mol/mol = 84.5 [middot] 10^-6
mol/mol
xNMHC2 = 86.0 [micro]mol/mol = 86.0 [middot] 10^-6
mol/mol
nexh1 = 2.876 mol/s
nexh2 = 2.224 mol/s
frecord = 1 Hz
Using Eq. 1065.650-5,
[Delta]t = 1/1 =1 s
mNMHC = 13.875389 [middot] (84.5 [middot] 10^-6
[middot] 2.876 + 86.0 [middot] 10^-6 [middot] 2.224 + ... +
xNMHC1200 [middot] nexh) [middot] 1
mNMHC = 25.53 g

(ii) Constant flow rate. If you continuously sample from a constant
exhaust flow rate, use the same emission calculations described in
paragraph

[[Page 803]]

(c)(2)(i) of this section or calculate the mean or flow-weighted
concentration recorded over the test interval and treat the mean as a
batch sample, as described in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section. We
consider the following to be examples of constant exhaust flows: CVS
diluted exhaust with a CVS flowmeter that has either an upstream heat
exchanger, electronic flow control, or both.
(3) Batch sampling. For batch sampling, the concentration is a
single value from a proportionally extracted batch sample (such as a
bag, filter, impinger, or cartridge). In this case, multiply the mean
concentration of the batch sample by the total flow from which the
sample was extracted. You may calculate total flow by integrating a
changing flow rate or by determining the mean of a constant flow rate,
as follows:
(i) Varying flow rate. If you collect a batch sample from a changing
exhaust flow rate, extract a sample proportional to the changing exhaust
flow rate. We consider the following to be examples of changing flows
that require proportional sampling: Raw exhaust, exhaust diluted with a
constant flow rate of dilution air, and CVS dilution with a CVS
flowmeter that does not have an upstream heat exchanger or electronic
flow control. Integrate the flow rate over a test interval to determine
the total flow from which you extracted the proportional sample.
Multiply the mean concentration of the batch sample by the total flow
from which the sample was extracted. If the total emission is a molar
quantity, convert this quantity to a mass by multiplying it by its molar
mass, M. The result is the mass of the emission, m. In the case of PM
emissions, where the mean PM concentration is already in units of mass
per mole of sample, MPM, simply multiply it by the total
flow. The result is the total mass of PM, mPM. Calculate m
for batch sampling with variable flow using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.040

Example:

MNOx = 46.0055 g/mol
N = 9000
xNOx = 85.6 [micro]mol/mol = 85.6 [middot]
10^-6 mol/mol
ndexh1 = 25.534 mol/s
ndexh2 = 26.950 mol/s
frecord = 5 Hz
Using Eq. 1065.650-5,
[Delta]t = 1/5 = 0.2
mNOx = 46.0055 [middot] 85.6 [middot] 10^-6
[middot] (25.534 + 26.950 + ... + nexh9000) [middot] 0.2
mNOx = 4.201 g

(ii) Constant flow rate. If you batch sample from a constant exhaust
flow rate, extract a sample at a proportional or constant flow rate. We
consider the following to be examples of constant exhaust flows: CVS
diluted exhaust with a CVS flow meter that has either an upstream heat
exchanger, electronic flow control, or both. Determine the mean molar
flow rate from which you extracted the constant flow rate sample.
Multiply the mean concentration of the batch sample by the mean molar
flow rate of the exhaust from which the sample was extracted, and
multiply the result by the time of the test interval. If the total
emission is a molar quantity, convert this quantity to a mass by
multiplying it by its molar mass, M. The result is the mass of the
emission, m. In the case of PM emissions, where the mean PM
concentration is already in units of mass per mole of sample,
MPM, simply multiply it by the total flow, and the result is
the total mass of PM, mPM. Calculate m for sampling with
constant flow using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.041

and for PM or any other analysis of a batch sample that yields a mass
per mole of sample,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.042

Example:

MPM = 144.0 [micro]g/mol = 144.0 [middot] 10^-6 g/
mol
ndexh = 57.692 mol/s
[Delta]t = 1200 s
mPM = 144.0 [middot] 10^-6 [middot] 57.692 [middot]
1200
mPM = 9.9692 g
(4) Additional provisions for diluted exhaust sampling; continuous
or batch. The following additional provisions apply for sampling
emissions from diluted exhaust:
(i) For sampling with a constant dilution ratio, DR, of diluted
exhaust

[[Page 804]]

versus exhaust flow (e.g., secondary dilution for PM sampling),
calculate m using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.044

Example:

mPMdil = 6.853 g
DR = 6:1
mPM = 6.853 [middot] 6
mPM = 41.118 g

(ii) For continuous or batch sampling, you may measure background
emissions in the dilution air. You may then subtract the measured
background emissions, as described in Sec. 1065.667.
(5) Mass of NMHC. Compare the corrected mass of NMHC to corrected
mass of THC. If the corrected mass of NMHC is greater than 0.98 times
the corrected mass of THC, take the corrected mass of NMHC to be 0.98
times the corrected mass of THC. If you omit the NMHC calculations as
described in Sec. 1065.660(b)(1), take the corrected mass of NMHC to be
0.98 times the corrected mass of THC.
(d) Total work over a test interval. To calculate the total work
from the engine over a test interval, add the total work from all the
work paths described in Sec. 1065.210 that cross the system boundary
including electrical energy/work, mechanical shaft work, and fluid
pumping work. For all work paths, except the engine's primary output
shaft (crankshaft), the total work for the path over the test interval
is the integration of the net work flow rate (power) out of the system
boundary. When energy/work flows into the system boundary, this work
flow rate signal becomes negative; in this case, include these negative
work rate values in the integration to calculate total work from that
work path. Some work paths may result in a negative total work. Include
negative total work values from any work path in the calculated total
work from the engine rather than setting the values to zero. The rest of
this paragraph (d) describes how to calculate total work from the
engine's primary output shaft over a test interval. Before integrating
power on the engine's primary output shaft, adjust the speed and torque
data for the time alignment used in Sec. 1065.514(c). Any advance or
delay used on the feedback signals for cycle validation must also be
used for calculating work. Account for work of accessories according to
Sec. 1065.110. Exclude any work during cranking and starting. Exclude
work during actual motoring operation (negative feedback torques),
unless the engine was connected to one or more energy storage devices.
Examples of such energy storage devices include hybrid powertrain
batteries and hydraulic accumulators, like the ones illustrated in
Figure 1 of Sec. 1065.210. Exclude any work during reference zero-load
idle periods (0% speed or idle speed with 0 N[middot]m reference
torque). Note, that there must be two consecutive reference zero load
idle points to establish a period where this applies. Include work
during idle points with simulated minimum torque such as Curb Idle
Transmissions Torque (CITT) for automatic transmissions in ``drive''.
The work calculation method described in paragraphs (b)(1) through (7)
of this section meets these requirements using rectangular integration.
You may use other logic that gives equivalent results. For example, you
may use a trapezoidal integration method as described in paragraph
(b)(8) of this section.
(1) Time align the recorded feedback speed and torque values by the
amount used in Sec. 1065.514(c).
(2) Calculate shaft power at each point during the test interval by
multiplying all the recorded feedback engine speeds by their respective
feedback torques.

[[Page 805]]

(3) Adjust (reduce) the shaft power values for accessories according
to Sec. 1065.110.
(4) Set all power values during any cranking or starting period to
zero. See Sec. 1065.525 for more information about engine cranking.
(5) Set all negative power values to zero, unless the engine was
connected to one or more energy storage devices. If the engine was
tested with an energy storage device, leave negative power values
unaltered.
(6) Set all power values to zero during idle periods with a
corresponding reference torque of 0 N[middot]m.
(7) Integrate the resulting values for power over the test interval.
Calculate total work as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.045

Where:

W = total work from the primary output shaft.
Pi = instantaneous power from the primary output shaft over
an interval i.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.046

Example:

N = 9000
[fnof]n1 = 1800.2 r/min
[fnof]n2 = 1805.8 r/min
T1 = 177.23 N[middot]m
T2 = 175.00 N[middot]m
Crev = 2[middot][pi] rad/r
Ct1 = 60 s/min
Cp = 1000 (N[middot]m[middot]rad/s)/kW
[fnof]record = 5 Hz
Ct2 = 3600 s/hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.047

P1 = 33.41 kW
P2 = 33.09 kW
Using Eq. 1065.650-5,
[Delta]t = 1/5 = 0.2 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.048

W = 16.875 kW [middot] hr

(8) You may use a trapezoidal integration method instead of the
rectangular integration described in this paragraph (d). To do this, you
must integrate the fraction of work between

[[Page 806]]

points where the torque is positive. You may assume that speed and
torque are linear between data points. You may not set negative values
to zero before running the integration.
(e) Steady-state mass rate divided by power. To determine steady-
state brake-specific emissions for a test interval as described in
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, calculate the mean steady-state mass
rate of the emission, m, and the mean steady-state power, P as follows:
(1) To calculate m, multiply its mean concentration, x, by its
corresponding mean molar flow rate, n. If the result is a molar flow
rate, convert this quantity to a mass rate by multiplying it by its
molar mass, M. The result is the mean mass rate of the emission, m. In
the case of PM emissions, where the mean PM concentration is already in
units of mass per mole of sample, MPM, simply multiply it by
the mean molar flow rate, n. The result is the mass rate of PM,
mPM. Calculate m using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.048

(2) To calculate an engine's mean steady-state total power, P, add
the mean steady-state power from all the work paths described in Sec.
1065.210 that cross the system boundary including electrical power,
mechanical shaft power, and fluid pumping power. For all work paths,
except the engine's primary output shaft (crankshaft), the mean steady-
state power over the test interval is the integration of the net work
flow rate (power) out of the system boundary divided by the period of
the test interval. When power flows into the system boundary, the power/
work flow rate signal becomes negative; in this case, include these
negative power/work rate values in the integration to calculate the mean
power from that work path. Some work paths may result in a negative mean
power. Include negative mean power values from any work path in the mean
total power from the engine rather than setting these values to zero.
The rest of this paragraph (e)(2) describes how to calculate the mean
power from the engine's primary output shaft. Calculate P using Equation
1065.650-13, noting that P, fnCO = 28.0101 g/mol
xCO = 12.00 mmol/mol = 0.01200 mol/mol
n = 1.530 mol/s
fn = 3584.5 r/min = 375.37 rad/s
T = 121.50 N [middot] m
m = 28.0101 [middot] 0.01200 [middot] 1.530
m = 0.514 g/s = 1850.4 g/hr
P = 121.5[middot]375.37
P = 45607 W
P = 45.607 kW
eCO = 1850.4/45.61
eCO = 40.57 g/(kW[middot]hr)

(f) Ratio of total mass of emissions to total work. To determine
brake-specific emissions for a test interval as described in paragraph
(b)(3) of this section, calculate a value proportional to the total mass
of each emission. Divide

[[Page 807]]

each proportional value by a value that is similarly proportional to
total work.
(1) Total mass. To determine a value proportional to the total mass
of an emission, determine total mass as described in paragraph (c) of
this section, except substitute for the molar flow rate, n, or the total
flow, n, with a signal that is linearly proportional to molar flow rate,
n, or linearly proportional to total flow, n as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.050

(2) Total work. To calculate a value proportional to total work over
a test interval, integrate a value that is proportional to power. Use
information about the brake-specific fuel consumption of your engine,
efuel, to convert a signal proportional to fuel flow rate to
a signal proportional to power. To determine a signal proportional to
fuel flow rate, divide a signal that is proportional to the mass rate of
carbon products by the fraction of carbon in your fuel, wc..
You may use a measured wc or you may use the default values
for a given fuel as described in Sec. 1065.655. Calculate the mass rate
of carbon from the amount of carbon and water in the exhaust, which you
determine with a chemical balance of fuel, intake air, and exhaust as
described in Sec. 1065.655. In the chemical balance, you must use
concentrations from the flow that generated the signal proportional to
molar flow rate, n, in paragraph (e)(1) of this section. Calculate a
value proportional to total work as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.008

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.009

(3) Brake-specific emissions. Divide the value proportional to total
mass by the value proportional to total work to determine brake-specific
emissions, as described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
(4) Example. The following example shows how to calculate mass of
emissions using proportional values:

N = 3000
[fnof]record = 5 Hz
efuel = 285 g/(kW[middot]hr)
wfuel = 0.869 g/g
Mc = 12.0107 g/mol
n1 = 3.922 mol/s = 14119.2 mol/hr
xCcombdry1 = 91.634 mmol/mol = 0.091634 mol/mol
xH2Oexh1 = 27.21 mmol/mol = 0.02721 mol/mol
Using Eq. 1065.650-5,
[Delta]t = 0.2 s

[[Page 808]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.049

W = 5.09 (kW[middot]hr)

(g) Brake-specific emissions over a duty cycle with multiple test
intervals. The standard-setting part may specify a duty cycle with
multiple test intervals, such as with discrete-mode steady-state
testing. Unless we specify otherwise, calculate composite brake-specific
emissions over the duty cycle as described in this paragraph (g). If a
measured mass (or mass rate) is negative, set it to zero for calculating
composite brake-specific emissions, but leave it unchanged for drift
validation. In the case of calculating composite brake-specific
emissions relative to a combined emission standard (such as a
NOX + NMHC standard), change any negative mass (or mass rate)
values to zero for a particular pollutant before combining the values
for the different pollutants.
(1) Use the following equation to calculate composite brake-specific
emissions for duty cycles with multiple test intervals all with
prescribed durations, such as cold-start and hot-start transient cycles:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.045

Where:

i = test interval number.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the standard-
setting part.
m = mass of emissions over the test interval as determined in paragraph
(c) of this section.
W = total work from the engine over the test interval as determined in
paragraph (d) of this section.
Example:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.1428
WF2 = 0.8572
m1 = 70.125 g
m2 = 64.975 g
W1 = 25.783 kW[middot]hr
W2 = 25.783 kW[middot]hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.046

eNOxcomposite = 2.548 g/kW[middot]hr

(2) Calculate composite brake-specific emissions for duty cycles
with multiple test intervals that allow use of varying duration, such as
discrete-mode steady-state duty cycles, as follows:
(i) Use the following equation if you calculate brake-specific
emissions over test intervals based on total mass and total work as
described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section:

[[Page 809]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.047

Where:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.85
WF2 = 0.15
m1 = 1.3753 g
m2 = 0.4135 g
t1 = 120 s
t2 = 200 s
W1 = 2.8375 kW[middot]hr
W2 = 0.0 kW[middot]hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.048

eNOxcomposite = 0.5001 g/kW[middot]hr

(ii) Use the following equation if you calculate brake-specific
emissions over test intervals based on the ratio of mass rate to power
as described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.049

Where:

i = test interval number.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the standard-
setting part.
m= mean steady-state mass rate of emissions over the test interval as
determined in paragraph (e) of this section.
P is the mean steady-state power over the test interval as described in
paragraph (e) of this section.

Example:
N = 2
WF1 = 0.85
WF2 = 0.15
m1 = 2.25842 g/hr
m2 = 0.063443 g/hr
P1= 4.5383 kW
P2= 0.0 kW

[[Page 810]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.050

eNOxcomposite = 0.5001 g/kW[middot]hr
(h) Rounding. Round the final brake-specific emission values to be
compared to the applicable standard only after all calculations are
complete (including any drift correction, applicable deterioration
factors, adjustment factors, and allowances) and the result is in g/
(kW[middot]hr) or units equivalent to the units of the standard, such as
g/(hp[middot]hr). See the definition of ``Round'' in Sec. 1065.1001.

[73 FR 37328, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59332, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23048, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57457, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.655 Chemical balances of fuel, intake air, and exhaust.

(a) General. Chemical balances of fuel, intake air, and exhaust may
be used to calculate flows, the amount of water in their flows, and the
wet concentration of constituents in their flows. With one flow rate of
either fuel, intake air, or exhaust, you may use chemical balances to
determine the flows of the other two. For example, you may use chemical
balances along with either intake air or fuel flow to determine raw
exhaust flow.
(b) Procedures that require chemical balances. We require chemical
balances when you determine the following:
(1) A value proportional to total work, W when you choose to
determine brake-specific emissions as described in Sec. 1065.650(f).
(2) The amount of water in a raw or diluted exhaust flow,
xH2Oexh, when you do not measure the amount of water to
correct for the amount of water removed by a sampling system. Correct
for removed water according to Sec. 1065.659.
(3) The calculated dilution air flow when you do not measure
dilution air flow to correct for background emissions as described in
Sec. 1065.667(c) and (d).
(c) Chemical balance procedure. The calculations for a chemical
balance involve a system of equations that require iteration. We
recommend using a computer to solve this system of equations. You must
guess the initial values of up to three quantities: The amount of water
in the measured flow, xH2Oexh, fraction of dilution air in
diluted exhaust, xdil/exh, and the amount of products on a
C1 basis per dry mole of dry measured flow,
xCcombdry. You may use time-weighted mean values of
combustion air humidity and dilution air humidity in the chemical
balance; as long as your combustion air and dilution air humidities
remain within tolerances of 0.0025 mol/mol of
their respective mean values over the test interval. For each emission
concentration, x, and amount of water, xH2Oexh, you must
determine their completely dry concentrations, xdry and
xH2Oexhdry. You must also use your fuel's atomic hydrogen-to-
carbon ratio, [alpha], oxygen-to-carbon ratio, [beta], sulfur-to-carbon
ratio, [gamma], and nitrogen-to-carbon ratio, [delta]. You may measure
[alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta] or you may use default values for
a given fuel as described in Sec. 1065.655(d). Use the following steps
to complete a chemical balance:
(1) Convert your measured concentrations such as,
xCO2meas, xNOmeas, and xH2Oint, to dry
concentrations by dividing them by one minus the amount of water present
during their respective measurements; for example:
xH2OxCO2meas x, H2OxNOmeas, and
xH2Oint. If the amount of water present during a ``wet''
measurement is the same as the unknown amount of water in the exhaust
flow, xH2Oexh, iteratively solve for that value in the system
of equations. If you measure only total NOX and not NO and
NO2 separately, use good engineering judgment to estimate a
split in your total NOX concentration between NO and
NO2 for the chemical balances. For example, if you measure
emissions from a stoichiometric spark-ignition engine, you may assume
all NOX is NO. For a compression-ignition engine, you may
assume that your molar concentration of NOX, xNOx,
is 75% NO and 25% NO2. For NO2 storage

[[Page 811]]

aftertreatment systems, you may assume xNOx is 25% NO and 75%
NO2. Note that for calculating the mass of NOX
emissions, you must use the molar mass of NO2 for the
effective molar mass of all NOX species, regardless of the
actual NO2 fraction of NOX.
(2) Enter the equations in paragraph (c)(4) of this section into a
computer program to iteratively solve for xH2Oexh,
xCcombdry, and xdil/exh. Use good engineering
judgment to guess initial values for xH2Oexh,
xCcombdry, and xdil/exh. We recommend guessing an
initial amount of water that is about twice the amount of water in your
intake or dilution air. We recommend guessing an initial value of
xCcombdry as the sum of your measured CO2, CO, and
THC values. We also recommend guessing an initial xdil/exh
between 0.75 and 0.95, such as 0.8. Iterate values in the system of
equations until the most recently updated guesses are all within 1% of their respective most recently calculated values.
(3) Use the following symbols and subscripts in the equations for
this paragraph (c):
xdil/exh = amount of dilution gas or excess air per mole of
exhaust.
xH2Oexh = amount of water in exhaust per mole of exhaust.
xCcombdry = amount of carbon from fuel in the exhaust per
mole of dry exhaust.
xH2dry = amount of H2 in exhaust per amount of dry
exhaust.
KH2Ogas = water-gas reaction equilibrium coefficient. You may
use 3.5 or calculate your own value using good engineering judgment.
xH2Oexhdry = amount of water in exhaust per dry mole of dry
exhaust.
xprod/intdry = amount of dry stoichiometric products per dry
mole of intake air.
xdil/exhdry = amount of dilution gas and/or excess air per
mole of dry exhaust.
xint/exhdry = amount of intake air required to produce actual
combustion products per mole of dry (raw or diluted) exhaust.
xraw/exhdry = amount of undiluted exhaust, without excess
air, per mole of dry (raw or diluted) exhaust.
xO2int = amount of intake air O2 per mole of
intake air.
xCO2intdry = amount of intake air CO2 per mole of
dry intake air. You may use xCO2intdry = 375 [micro]mol/mol,
but we recommend measuring the actual concentration in the intake air.
xH2Ointdry = amount of intake air H2O per mole of
dry intake air.
xCO2int = amount of intake air CO2 per mole of
intake air.
xCO2dil = amount of dilution gas CO2 per mole of
dilution gas.
xCO2dildry = amount of dilution gas CO2 per mole
of dry dilution gas. If you use air as diluent, you may use
xCO2dildry = 375 [micro]mol/mol, but we recommend measuring
the actual concentration in the intake air.
xH2Odildry = amount of dilution gas H2O per mole
of dry dilution gas.
xH2Odil = amount of dilution gas H2O per mole of
dilution gas.
x[emission]meas = amount of measured emission in the sample
at the respective gas analyzer.
x[emission]dry = amount of emission per dry mole of dry
sample.
xH2O[emission]meas = amount of water in sample at emission-
detection location. Measure or estimate these values according to Sec.
1065.145(e)(2).
xH2Oint = amount of water in the intake air, based on a
humidity measurement of intake air.
[alpha] = atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s)
being combusted, weighted by molar consumption.
[beta] = atomic oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s) being
combusted, weighted by molar consumption.
[gamma] = atomic sulfur-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s) being
combusted, weighted by molar consumption.
[delta] = atomic nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s)
being combusted, weighted by molar consumption.

(4) Use the following equations to iteratively solve for
xdil/exh, xH2Oexh, and xCcombdry:

[[Page 812]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.051

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.052

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.053

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.054

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.055

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.056

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.057

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.058

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.059

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.060

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.061

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.062

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.063

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.064

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.065

[[Page 813]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.066

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.067

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.068

(5) The following example is a solution for xdil/exh,x,
xH2Oexh, and xCcombdry using the equations in
paragraph (c)(4) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.050

[[Page 814]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.051

[[Page 815]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.052

[alpha] = 1.8
[beta] = 0.05
[gamma] = 0.0003
[delta] = 0.0001

(d) Carbon mass fraction. Determine carbon mass fraction of fuel,
wc, using one of the following methods:

[[Page 816]]

(1) You may calculate wc as described in this paragraph
(d)(1) based on measured fuel properties. To do so, you must determine
values for [alpha] and [beta] in all cases, but you may set [gamma] and
[delta] to zero if the default value listed in Table 1 of this section
is zero. Calculate wc using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.053

Where:

wc = carbon mass fraction of fuel.
MC = molar mass of carbon.
[alpha] = atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s)
being combusted, weighted by molar consumption.
MH = molar mass of hydrogen.
[beta] = atomic oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s) being
combusted, weighted by molar consumption.
MO = molar mass of oxygen.
[gamma] = atomic sulfur-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s) being
combusted, weighted by molar consumption.
MS = molar mass of sulfur.
[delta] = atomic nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s)
being combusted, weighted by molar consumption.
MN = molar mass of nitrogen.

Example:

[alpha] = 1.8
[beta] = 0.05
[gamma] = 0.0003
[delta] = 0.0001
MC = 12.0107
MH = 1.01
MO = 15.9994
MS = 32.065
MN = 14.0067

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.054

wc = 0.8205

(2) You may use the default values in the following table to
determine wc for a given fuel:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.655--Default Values of [alpha], [beta], [gamma], [delta], and wc, for Various Fuels
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carbon mass
Fuel Atomic hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen-to- fraction,
carbon ratios CH[alpha]O[beta]S[gamma]N[delta] wc g/g
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline....................................... CH1.85O0S0N0 0.866
E10 Gasoline................................... CH1.92O0.03S0N0 0.833
E15 Gasoline................................... CH1.95O0.05S0N0 0.817
E85 Gasoline................................... CH2.73O0.38S0N0 0.576
1 Diesel.............................. CH1.93O0S0N0 0.861
2 Diesel.............................. CH1.80O0S0N0 0.869
Liquefied Petroleum Gas........................ CH2.64O0S0N0 0.819
Natural gas.................................... CH3.78 O0.016S0N0 0.747
E100 Ethanol................................... CH3O0.5S0N0 0.521
M100 Methanol.................................. CH4O1S0N0 0.375
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Residual fuel blends........................... Must be determined by measured fuel properties as described in
paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) Calculated raw exhaust molar flow rate from measured intake air
molar flow rate or fuel mass flow rate. You may calculate the raw
exhaust molar flow rate from which you sampled emissions,
nexh, based on the measured intake air molar flow rate,
nint, or the measured fuel mass flow rate, mfuel,
and the values calculated using the chemical balance in paragraph (c) of
this section. Note that the chemical balance must

[[Page 817]]

be based on raw exhaust gas concentrations. Solve for the chemical
balance in paragraph (c) of this section at the same frequency that you
update and record nint or mfuel.
(1) Crankcase flow rate. If engines are not subject to crankcase
controls under the standard-setting part, you may calculate raw exhaust
flow based on nint or mfuel using one of the
following:
(i) You may measure flow rate through the crankcase vent and
subtract it from the calculated exhaust flow.
(ii) You may estimate flow rate through the crankcase vent by
engineering analysis as long as the uncertainty in your calculation does
not adversely affect your ability to show that your engines comply with
applicable emission standards.
(iii) You may assume your crankcase vent flow rate is zero.
(2) Intake air molar flow rate calculation. Based on
nint, calculate nexh as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.047

Where:

nexh = raw exhaust molar flow rate from which you measured
emissions.
nint = intake air molar flow rate including humidity in
intake air.

Example:

nint = 3.780 mol/s
xint/exhdry = 0.69021 mol/mol
xraw/exhdry = 1.10764 mol/mol
xH20exhdry = 107.64 mmol/mol = 0.10764 mol/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR08OC08.048

nexh = 6.066 mol/s

(3) Fuel mass flow rate calculation. Based on mfuel,
calculate nexh as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.055

Where:

nexh = raw exhaust molar flow rate from which you measured
emissions.
mfuel = fuel flow rate including humidity in intake air.

Example:

mfuel = 7.559 g/s
wc = 0.869 g/g
MC = 12.0107 g/mol
xCcombdry = 99.87 mmol/mol = 0.09987 mol/mol
xH20exhdry = 107.64 mmol/mol = 0.10764 mol/mol

[[Page 818]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.056

nexh = 6.066 mol/s
(f) Calculated raw exhaust molar flow rate from measured intake air
molar flow rate, dilute exhaust molar flow rate, and dilute chemical
balance. You may calculate the raw exhaust molar flow rate,
nexh, based on the measured intake air molar flow rate,
nint, the measured dilute exhaust molar flow rate,
ndexh, and the values calculated using the chemical balance
in paragraph (c) of this section. Note that the chemical balance must be
based on dilute exhaust gas concentrations. For continuous-flow
calculations, solve for the chemical balance in paragraph (c) of this
section at the same frequency that you update and record nint
and ndexh. This calculated nexh may be used for
the PM dilution ratio verification in Sec. 1065.546; the calculation of
dilution air molar flow rate in the background correction in Sec.
1065.667; and the calculation of mass of emissions in Sec. 1065.650(c)
for species that are measured in the raw exhaust.
(1) Crankcase flow rate. If engines are not subject to crankcase
controls under the standard-setting part, calculate raw exhaust flow as
described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
(2) Dilute exhaust and intake air molar flow rate calculation.
Calculate nexh as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.057

Example:

nint = 7.930mol/s
xraw/exhdry = 0.1544 mol/mol
xint/exhdry = 0.1451 mol/mol
xH2Oexh = 32.46 mmol/mol - 0.03246 mol/mol
ndexh = 49.02 mol/s
nexh = (0.1544-0.145([middot] (1-0.03246) [middot] 49.02 +
7.930 = 0.4411 + 7.930 = 8.371 mol/s

[73 FR 37331, June 30, 2008, as amended at 73 FR 59334, Oct. 8, 2008; 75
FR 23051, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57458, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.659 Removed water correction.

(a) If you remove water upstream of a concentration measurement, x,
or upstream of a flow measurement, n, correct for the removed water.
Perform this correction based on the amount of water at the
concentration measurement, xH2O[emission]meas, and at the
flow meter, xH2Oexh, whose flow is used to determine the mass
emission rate or total mass over a test interval. For continuous
analyzers downstream of a sample dryer for transient and ramped-modal
cycles, you must apply this correction on a continuous basis over the
test interval, even if you use one of the options in Sec.
1065.145(e)(2) that results in a constant value for
xH2O[emission]meas because xH2Oexh varies over the
test interval. For batch analyzers, determine the flow-weighted average
based on the continuous xH2Oexh values determined as
described in paragraph (c) of this section. For batch analyzers, you may
determine the flow-weighted average xH2Oexh based on a single
value of xH2Oexh determined as described in paragraphs (c)(2)
and (3) of this section, using flow-weighted average or batch
concentration inputs.
(b) Determine the amount of water remaining downstream of a sample
dryer and at the concentration measurement using one of the methods
described in Sec. 1065.145(e)(2). If you use a sample dryer upstream of
an analyzer and if the calculated amount of water remaining downstream
of the sample

[[Page 819]]

dryer and at the concentration measurement,
xH2O[emission]meas, is higher than the amount of water at the
flow meter, xH2Oexh, set xH2O[emission]meas equal
to xH2Oexh. If you use a sample dryer upstream of storage
media, you must be able to demonstrate that the sample dryer is removing
water continuously (i.e., xH2Oexh is higher than
xH2O[emission]meas throughout the test interval).
(c) For a concentration measurement where you did not remove water,
you may set xH2O[emission]meas equal to xH2Oexh.
You may determine the amount of water at the flow meter,
xH2Oexh, using any of the following methods:
(1) Measure the dewpoint and absolute pressure and calculate the
amount of water as described in Sec. 1065.645.
(2) If the measurement comes from raw exhaust, you may determine the
amount of water based on intake-air humidity, plus a chemical balance of
fuel, intake air, and exhaust as described in Sec. 1065.655.
(3) If the measurement comes from diluted exhaust, you may determine
the amount of water based on intake-air humidity, dilution air humidity,
and a chemical balance of fuel, intake air, and exhaust as described in
Sec. 1065.655.
(d) Perform a removed water correction to the concentration
measurement using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.092

Example:

xCOmeas = 29.0 [micro]mol/mol
xH2OCOmeas = 8.601 mmol/mol = 0.008601 mol/mol
xH2Oexh = 34.04 mmol/mol = 0.03404 mol/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.093

xCO = 28.3 [micro]mol/mol

[73 FR 37335, June 30, 2008, as amended at 76 FR 57462, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.660 THC, NMHC, and CH4 determination.

(a) THC determination and initial THC/CH4 contamination
corrections. (1) If we require you to determine THC emissions, calculate
xTHC[THC-FID]cor using the initial THC contamination
concentration xTHC[THC-FID]init from Sec. 1065.520 as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.058

Example:

xTHCuncor = 150.3 [micro]mol/mol
xTHCinit = 1.1 [micro]mol/mol
xTHCcor = 150.3--1.1
xTHCcor = 149.2 [micro]mol/mol

(2) For the NMHC determination described in paragraph (b) of this
section, correct xTHC[THC-FID] for initial THC contamination
using Equation 1065.660-1. You may correct xTHC[NMC-FID] for
initial contamination of the CH4 sample train using Equation
1065.660-1, substituting in CH4 concentrations for THC.
(3) For the CH4 determination described in paragraph (c)
of this section, you may correct xTHC[NMC-FID] for initial
THC contamination of the CH4 sample train using Equation
1065.660-1, substituting in CH4 concentrations for THC.
(b) NMHC determination. Use one of the following to determine NMHC
concentration, xNMHC:

[[Page 820]]

(1) If you do not measure CH4, you may omit the
calculation of NMHC concentrations and calculate the mass of NMHC as
described in Sec. 1065.650(c)(5).
(2) For nonmethane cutters, calculate xNMHC using the
nonmethane cutter's penetration fraction (PF) of CH4 and the
response factor penetration fraction (RFPF) of
C2H6 from Sec. 1065.365, the response factor (RF)
of the THC FID to CH4 from Sec. 1065.360, the initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected THC concentration
xTHC[THC-FID]cor as determined in paragraph (a) of this
section, and the dry-to-wet corrected CH4 concentration
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor optionally corrected for initial THC
contamination as determined in paragraph (a) of this section.
(i) Use the following equation for penetration fractions determined
using an NMC configuration as outlined in Sec. 1065.365(d):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.059

Where:

xNMHC = concentration of NMHC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC
FID during sampling while bypassing the NMC.
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination (optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured
by the NMC FID during sampling through the NMC.
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC FID to
CH4, according to Sec. 1065.360(d).
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter combined ethane
response factor and penetration fraction, according to Sec.
1065.365(d).

Example:

xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 150.3 [micro]mol/mol
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = 20.5 [micro]mol/mol
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = 0.019
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 1.05
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.060

xNMHC = 131.4 [micro]mol/mol

(ii) For penetration fractions determined using an NMC configuration
as outlined in section Sec. 1065.365(e), use the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.061

Where:

xNMHC = concentration of NMHC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC
FID during sampling while bypassing the NMC.

[[Page 821]]

PFCH4[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter CH4 penetration
fraction, according to Sec. 1065.365(e).
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination (optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured
by the THC FID during sampling through the NMC.
PFC2H6[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter ethane penetration
fraction, according to Sec. 1065.365(e).

Example:

xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 150.3 [micro]mol/mol
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = 0.990
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = 20.5 [micro]mol/mol
PFC2H6[NMC-FID] = 0.020
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.062

xNMHC = 132.3 [micro]mol/mol

(iii) For penetration fractions determined using an NMC
configuration as outlined in section Sec. 1065.365(f), use the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.063

Where:

xNMHC = concentration of NMHC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC
FID during sampling while bypassing the NMC.
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter CH4 penetration
fraction, according to Sec. 1065.365(f).
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination (optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured
by the THC FID during sampling through the NMC.
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter CH4 combined
ethane response factor and penetration fraction, according to
Sec. 1065.365(f).
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC FID to
CH4, according to Sec. 1065.360(d).

Example:

xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 150.3 [micro]mol/mol
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = 0.990
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = 20.5 [micro]mol/mol
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = 0.019
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 0.980
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.067

xNMHC = 132.5 [micro]mol/mol

(3) For a GC-FID, calculate xNMHC using the THC
analyzer's response factor (RF) for CH4, from Sec. 1065.360,
and the initial THC contamination and dry-to-wet corrected THC
concentration xTHC[THC-FID]cor as determined in paragraph (a)
of this section as follows:

[[Page 822]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.068

Where:

xNMHC = concentration of NMHC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC
FID.
xCH4= concentration of CH4, dry-to-wet corrected,
as measured by the GC-FID.
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC-FID to
CH4.

Example:

xTHC[THC-FID[cor = 145.6 [micro]mol/mol
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 0.970
xCH4 = 18.9 [micro]mol/mol
xNMHC = 145.6-0.970 [middot] 18.9
xNMHC = 127.3 [micro]mol/mol

(c) CH4 determination. Use one of the following methods
to determine CH4 concentration, xCH4:
(1) For nonmethane cutters, calculate xCH4 using the
nonmethane cutter's penetration fraction (PF) of CH4 and the
response factor penetration fraction (RFPF) of
C2H6 from Sec. 1065.365, the response factor (RF)
of the THC FID to CH4 from Sec. 1065.360, the initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected THC concentration
xTHC[THC-FID]cor as determined in paragraph (a) of this
section, and the dry-to-wet corrected CH4 concentration
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor optionally corrected for initial THC
contamination as determined in paragraph (a) of this section.
(i) Use the following equation for penetration fractions determined
using an NMC configuration as outlined in Sec. 1065.365(d):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.069

Where:

xCH4 = concentration of CH4.
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination (optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured
by the NMC FID during sampling through the NMC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC
FID during sampling while bypassing the NMC.
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = the combined ethane response factor and
penetration fraction of the nonmethane cutter, according to
Sec. 1065.365(d).
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC FID to
CH4, according to Sec. 1065.360(d).

Example:

xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = 10.4 [micro]mol/mol
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 150.3 [micro]mol/mol
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = 0.019
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 1.05
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.070

[[Page 823]]

xCH4 = 7.69 [micro]mol/mol

(ii) For penetration fractions determined using an NMC configuration
as outlined in Sec. 1065.365(e), use the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.071

Where:

xCH4 = concentration of CH4.
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination (optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured
by the NMC FID during sampling through the NMC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC
FID during sampling while bypassing the NMC.
PFC2H6[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter ethane penetration
fraction, according to Sec. 1065.365(e).
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC FID to
CH4, according to Sec. 1065.360(d).
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter CH4 penetration
fraction, according to Sec. 1065.365(e).

Example:

xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = 10.4 [micro]mol/mol
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 150.3 [micro]mol/mol
PFC2H6[NMC-FID] = 0.020
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 1.05
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = 0.990
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.072

xCH4 = 7.25 [micro]mol/mol

(iii) For penetration fractions determined using an NMC
configuration as outlined in Sec. 1065.365(f), use the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.073

Where:

xCH4 = concentration of CH4.
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination (optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured
by the NMC FID during sampling through the NMC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC
FID during sampling while bypassing the NMC.
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = the combined ethane response factor and
penetration fraction of the nonmethane cutter, according to
Sec. 1065.365(f).
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter CH4 penetration
fraction, according to Sec. 1065.365(f).
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC FID to
CH4, according to Sec. 1065.360(d).

[[Page 824]]

Example:

xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = 10.4 [micro]mol/mol
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 150.3 [micro]mol/mol
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = 0.019
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = 0.990
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 1.05
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.074

xCH4 = 7.78 [micro]mol/mol

(2) For a GC-FID, xCH4 is the actual dry-to-wet corrected
CH4 concentration as measured by the analyzer.

[76 FR 57462, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.665 THCE and NMHCE determination.

(a) If you measured an oxygenated hydrocarbon's mass concentration,
first calculate its molar concentration in the exhaust sample stream
from which the sample was taken (raw or diluted exhaust), and convert
this into a C1-equivalent molar concentration. Add these
C1-equivalent molar concentrations to the molar concentration
of NOTHC. The result is the molar concentration of THCE. Calculate THCE
concentration using the following equations, noting that equation
1065.665-3 is only required if you need to convert your OHC
concentration from mass to moles:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.102

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.103

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.104

Where:

xTHCE = The C1-equivalent sum of the concentration
of carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols,
and aldehydes.
xNOTHC = The C1-equivalent sum of the
concentration of nonoxygenated THC.
xOHCi = The C1-equivalent concentration of
oxygenated species i in diluted exhaust, not corrected for initial
contamination.
xOHCi-init = The C1-equivalent
concentration of the initial system contamination (optional) of
oxygenated species i, dry-to-wet corrected.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = The C1-equivalent response to
NOTHC and all OHC in diluted exhaust, HC contamination and dry-to-wet
corrected, as measured by the THC-FID.
RFOHCi[THC-FID] = The response factor of the FID
to species i relative to propane on a C1-equivalent basis.
C = The mean number of carbon atoms in the
particular compound.
Mdexh = The molar mass of diluted exhaust as determined in
Sec. 1065.340.
mdexhOHCi = The mass of oxygenated species i in dilute
exhaust.
MOHCi = The C1-equivalent molecular weight of
oxygenated species i.
mdexh = The mass of diluted exhaust.
ndexhOHCi = The number of moles of oxygenated species i in
total diluted exhaust flow.

[[Page 825]]

ndexh = The total diluted exhaust flow.

(b) If we require you to determine NMHCE, use the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06MY08.105

Where:

xNMHCE = The C1-equivalent sum of the
concentration of carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated NMHC,
alcohols, and aldehydes.
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC-FID to
CH4.
xCH4 = concentration of CH4, HC contamination
(optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the gas
chromatograph FID.

(c) The following example shows how to determine NMHCE emissions
based on ethanol (C2H5OH), methanol
(CH3OH), acetaldehyde (C2H4O), and
formaldehyde (HCHO) as C1-equivalent molar concentrations:

xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 145.6 [micro]mol/mol
xCH4 = 18.9 [micro]mol/mol
xC2H5OH = 100.8 [micro]mol/mol
xCH3OH = 1.1 [micro]mol/mol
xC2H4O = 19.1 [micro]mol/mol
xHCHO = 1.3 [micro]mol/mol
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 1.07
RFC2H5OH[THC-FID] = 0.76
RFCH3OH[THC-FID] = 0.74
RFH2H4O[THC-FID] = 0.50
RFHCHO[THC-FID] = 0.0
xNMHCE = xTHC[THC-FID]cor-(xC2H5OH
[middot] RFC2H5OH[THC-FID] + xCH3OH [middot]
RFCH3OH[THC-FID] + xC2H4O [middot]
RFC2H4O[THC-FID] + xHCHO [middot]
RFHCHO[THC-FID] + xC2H5OH + xCH3OH
+ xC2H4O + xHCHO-(RFCH4[THC-FID]
[middot] xCH4)
xNMHCE = 145.6-(100.8 [middot] 0.76 + 1.1 [middot] 0.74 +
19.1 [middot] 0.50 + 1.3 [middot] 0) + 100.8 + 1.1 + 19.1 + 1.3-
(1.07 [middot] 18.9)
xNMHCE = 160.71 [micro]mol/mol

[73 FR 37337, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.667 Dilution air background emission correction.

(a) To determine the mass of background emissions to subtract from a
diluted exhaust sample, first determine the total flow of dilution air,
ndil, over the test interval. This may be a measured quantity
or a calculated quantity. Multiply the total flow of dilution air by the
mean mole fraction (i.e., concentration) of a background emission. This
may be a time-weighted mean or a flow-weighted mean (e.g., a
proportionally sampled background). Finally, multiply by the molar mass,
M, of the associated gaseous emission constituent. The product of
ndil and the mean molar concentration of a background
emission and its molar mass, M, is the total background emission mass,
m. In the case of PM, where the mean PM concentration is already in
units of mass per mole of sample, MPM, multiply it by the
total amount of dilution air flow, and the result is the total
background mass of PM, mPM. Subtract total background mass
from total mass to correct for background emissions.
(b) You may determine the total flow of dilution air by a direct
flow measurement.
(c) You may determine the total flow of dilution air by subtracting
the calculated raw exhaust molar flow as described in Sec. 1065.655(f)
from the measured dilute exhaust flow. This may be done by totaling
continuous calculations or by using batch results.
(d) You may determine the total flow of dilution air from the
measured dilute exhaust flow and a chemical balance of the fuel, intake
air, and dilute exhaust as described in Sec. 1065.655. For this option,
the molar flow of dilution air is calculated by multiplying the dilute
exhaust flow by the mole fraction of dilution gas to dilute exhaust,
xdil/exh, from the dilute chemical balance. This may be done
by totaling continuous calculations or by using batch results. For
example, to use batch results, the total flow of dilution air is
calculated by multiplying the total flow of diluted exhaust,
ndexh, by the flow-weighted mean mole fraction of dilution
air in diluted exhaust, xdil/exh. Calculate
xdil/exh using flow-weighted mean concentrations of emissions
in the chemical balance, as described in Sec. 1065.655. The chemical
balance in Sec. 1065.655 assumes that your engine operates
stoichiometrically, even if it is a lean-

[[Page 826]]

burn engine, such as a compression-ignition engine. Note that for lean-
burn engines this assumption could result in an error in emission
calculations. This error could occur because the chemical balance in
Sec. 1065.655 treats excess air passing through a lean-burn engine as
if it was dilution air. If an emission concentration expected at the
standard is about 100 times its dilution air background concentration,
this error is negligible. However, if an emission concentration expected
at the standard is similar to its background concentration, this error
could be significant. If this error might affect your ability to show
that your engines comply with applicable standards, we recommend that
you either determine the total flow of dilution air using one of the
more accurate methods in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, or remove
background emissions from dilution air by HEPA filtration, chemical
adsorption, or catalytic scrubbing. You might also consider using a
partial-flow dilution technique such as a bag mini-diluter, which uses
purified air as the dilution air.
(e) The following is an example of using the flow-weighted mean
fraction of dilution air in diluted exhaust, xdil/exh, and
the total mass of background emissions calculated using the total flow
of diluted exhaust, ndexh, as described in Sec. 1065.650(c):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.075

Example:

MNOx = 46.0055 g/mol
xbkgnd = 0.05 [micro]mol/mol = 0.05[sdot]10^-6 mol/
mol
ndexh = 23280.5 mol
xdil/exh = 0.843 mol/mol
mbkgndNOxdexh =
46.0055[sdot]0.05[sdot]10^-\6\[sdot]23280.5
mbkgndNOxdexh = 0.0536 g
mbkgndNOx = 0.843 [sdot] 0.0536
mbkgndNOx = 0.0452 g

(f) The following is an example of using the fraction of dilution
air in diluted exhaust, xdil/exh, and the mass rate of
background emissions calculated using the flow rate of diluted exhaust,
ndexh, as described in Sec. 1065.650(c):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.076

[[Page 827]]

Example:

MNOx = 46.0055 g/mol
xbkgnd = 0.05 [micro]mol/mol = 0.05[sdot]10^-\6\
mol/mol
ndexh = 23280.5 mol/s
xdil/exh = 0.843 mol/mol
mbkgndNOxdexh =
46.0055[sdot]0.05[sdot]10^-\6\[sdot]23280.5
mbkgndNOxdexh = 0.0536 g/hr
mbkgndNOx = 0.843 [sdot] 0.0536
mbkgndNOx = 0.0452 g/hr

[76 FR 57465, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.670 NOX intake-air humidity and temperature corrections.

See the standard-setting part to determine if you may correct
NOX emissions for the effects of intake-air humidity or
temperature. Use the NOX intake-air humidity and temperature
corrections specified in the standard-setting part instead of the
NOX intake-air humidity correction specified in this part
1065. If the standard-setting part does not prohibit correcting
NOX emissions for intake-air humidity according to this part
1065, correct NOX concentrations for intake-air humidity as
described in this section. See Sec. 1065.650(c)(1) for the proper
sequence for applying the NOX intake-air humidity and
temperature corrections. You may use a time-weighted mean combustion air
humidity to calculate this correction if your combustion air humidity
remains within a tolerance of 0.0025 mol/mol of
the mean value over the test interval. For intake-air humidity
correction, use one of the following approaches:
See the standard-setting part to determine if you may correct
NOX emissions for the effects of intake-air humidity or
temperature. Use the NOX intake-air humidity and temperature
corrections specified in the standard-setting part instead of the
NOX intake-air humidity correction specified in this part
1065. If the standard-setting part does not prohibit correcting
NOX emissions for intake-air humidity according to this part
1065, first apply any NOX corrections for background
emissions and water removal from the exhaust sample, then correct
NOX concentrations for intake-air humidity. You may use a
time-weighted mean combustion air humidity to calculate this correction
if your combustion air humidity remains within a tolerance of 0.0025 mol/mol of the mean value over the test interval.
For intake-air humidity correction, use one of the following approaches:
(a) For compression-ignition engines, correct for intake-air
humidity using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.095

Example:

xNOxuncor = 700.5 [micro]mol/mol
xH2O = 0.022 mol/mol
xNOxcor = 700.5 [middot] (9.953 [middot] 0.022 + 0.832)
xNOxcor = 736.2 [micro]mol/mol

(b) For spark-ignition engines, correct for intake-air humidity
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.096

Example:

xNOxuncor = 154.7 [micro]mol/mol
xH2O = 0.022 mol/mol
xNOxcor = 154.7 [middot] (18.840 [middot] 0.022 + 0.68094)
xNOxcor = 169.5 [micro]mol/mol

[75 FR 23056, Apr. 30, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 57466, Sept. 15, 2011]

[[Page 828]]

Sec. 1065.672 Drift correction.

(a) Scope and frequency. Perform the calculations in this section to
determine if gas analyzer drift invalidates the results of a test
interval. If drift does not invalidate the results of a test interval,
correct that test interval's gas analyzer responses for drift according
to this section. Use the drift-corrected gas analyzer responses in all
subsequent emission calculations. Note that the acceptable threshold for
gas analyzer drift over a test interval is specified in Sec. 1065.550
for both laboratory testing and field testing.
(b) Correction principles. The calculations in this section utilize
a gas analyzer's responses to reference zero and span concentrations of
analytical gases, as determined sometime before and after a test
interval. The calculations correct the gas analyzer's responses that
were recorded during a test interval. The correction is based on an
analyzer's mean responses to reference zero and span gases, and it is
based on the reference concentrations of the zero and span gases
themselves. Validate and correct for drift as follows:
(c) Drift validation. After applying all the other corrections--
except drift correction--to all the gas analyzer signals, calculate
brake-specific emissions according to Sec. 1065.650. Then correct all
gas analyzer signals for drift according to this section. Recalculate
brake-specific emissions using all of the drift-corrected gas analyzer
signals. Validate and report the brake-specific emission results before
and after drift correction according to Sec. 1065.550.
(d) Drift correction. Correct all gas analyzer signals as follows:
(1) Correct each recorded concentration, xi, for
continuous sampling or for batch sampling, x.
(2) Correct for drift using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE09.005

Where:

xidriftcorrected = concentration corrected for drift.
xrefzero = reference concentration of the zero gas, which is
usually zero unless known to be otherwise.
xrefspan = reference concentration of the span gas.
xprespan = pre-test interval gas analyzer response to the
span gas concentration.
xpostspan = post-test interval gas analyzer response to the
span gas concentration.
xi or x = concentration recorded during test, before drift
correction.
xprezero = pre-test interval gas analyzer response to the
zero gas concentration.
xpostzero = post-test interval gas analyzer response to the
zero gas concentration.

Example:

xrefzero = 0 [micro]mol/mol
xrefspan = 1800.0 [micro]mol/mol
xprespan = 1800.5 [micro]mol/mol
xpostspan = 1695.8 [micro]mol/mol
xi or x = 435.5 [micro]mol/mol
xprezero = 0.6 [micro]mol/mol
xpostzero = -5.2 [micro]mol/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24FE09.006

xidriftcorrected = 450.2 [micro]mol/mol

(3) For any pre-test interval concentrations, use concentrations
determined most recently before the test interval. For some test
intervals, the most recent pre-zero or pre-span might

[[Page 829]]

have occurred before one or more previous test intervals.
(4) For any post-test interval concentrations, use concentrations
determined most recently after the test interval. For some test
intervals, the most recent post-zero or post-span might have occurred
after one or more subsequent test intervals.
(5) If you do not record any pre-test interval analyzer response to
the span gas concentration, xprespan, set xprespan
equal to the reference concentration of the span gas:

xprespan = xrefspan.

(6) If you do not record any pre-test interval analyzer response to
the zero gas concentration, xprezero, set xprezero
equal to the reference concentration of the zero gas:

xprezero = xrefzero.

(7) Usually the reference concentration of the zero gas,
xrefzero, is zero: xrefzero = 0 [micro]mol/mol.
However, in some cases you might know that xrefzero has a
non-zero concentration. For example, if you zero a CO2
analyzer using ambient air, you may use the default ambient air
concentration of CO2, which is 375 [micro]mol/mol. In this
case, xrefzero = 375 [micro]mol/mol. Note that when you zero
an analyzer using a non-zero xrefzero, you must set the
analyzer to output the actual xrefzero concentration. For
example, if xrefzero = 375 [micro]mol/mol, set the analyzer
to output a value of 375 [micro]mol/mol when the zero gas is flowing to
the analyzer.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 74 8427, Feb. 24, 2009; 75 FR
23056, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.675 CLD quench verification calculations.

Perform CLD quench-check calculations as follows:
(a) Perform a CLD analyzer quench verification test as described in
Sec. 1065.370.
(b) Estimate the maximum expected mole fraction of water during
emission testing, xH2Oexp. Make this estimate where the
humidified NO span gas was introduced in Sec. 1065.370(e)(6). When
estimating the maximum expected mole fraction of water, consider the
maximum expected water content in combustion air, fuel combustion
products, and dilution air (if applicable). If you introduced the
humidified NO span gas into the sample system upstream of a sample dryer
during the verification test, you need not estimate the maximum expected
mole fraction of water and you must set xH2Oexp equal to
xH2Omeas.
(c) Estimate the maximum expected CO2 concentration
during emission testing, xCO2exp. Make this estimate at the
sample system location where the blended NO and CO2 span
gases are introduced according to Sec. 1065.370(d)(10). When estimating
the maximum expected CO2 concentration, consider the maximum
expected CO2 content in fuel combustion products and dilution
air.
(d) Calculate quench as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.077

Where:

quench = amount of CLD quench.
xNOdry = concentration of NO upstream of a bubbler, according
to Sec. 1065.370(e)(4).
xNOwet = measured concentration of NO downstream of a
bubbler, according to Sec. 1065.370(e)(9).

[[Page 830]]

xH2Oexp = maximum expected mole fraction of water during
emission testing, according to paragraph (b) of this section.
xH2Omeas = measured mole fraction of water during the quench
verification, according to Sec. 1065.370(e)(7).
xNOmeas = measured concentration of NO when NO span gas is
blended with CO2 span gas, according to Sec.
1065.370(d)(10).
xNOact = actual concentration of NO when NO span gas is
blended with CO2 span gas, according to Sec.
1065.370(d)(11) and calculated according to Equation 1065.675-
2.
xCO2exp = maximum expected concentration of CO2
during emission testing, according to paragraph (c) of this
section.
xCO2act = actual concentration of CO2 when NO span
gas is blended with CO2 span gas, according to
Sec. 1065.370(d)(9).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.078

Where:

xNOspan = the NO span gas concentration input to the gas
divider, according to Sec. 1065.370(d)(5).
xCO2span = the CO2 span gas concentration input to
the gas divider, according to Sec. 1065.370(d)(4).

Example:

xNOdry = 1800.0 [micro]mol/mol
xNOwet = 1739.6 [micro]mol/mol
xH2Oexp = 0.030 mol/mol
xH2Omeas = 0.030 mol/mol
xNOmeas = 1515.2 [micro]mol/mol
xNOspan = 3001.6 [micro]mol/mol
xCO2exp = 3.2%
xCO2span = 6.1%
xCO2act = 2.98%
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.079

quench = (-0.0036655-0. 014020171)[sdot]100% = -1.7685671%

[73 FR 59340, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 76 FR 57466, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.690 Buoyancy correction for PM sample media.

(a) General. Correct PM sample media for their buoyancy in air if
you weigh them on a balance. The buoyancy correction depends on the
sample media density, the density of air, and the density of the
calibration weight used to calibrate the balance. The buoyancy
correction does not account for the buoyancy of the PM itself, because
the mass of PM typically accounts for only (0.01 to 0.10)% of the total
weight. A correction to this small fraction of mass would be at the most
0.010%.
(b) PM sample media density. Different PM sample media have
different densities. Use the known density of your sample media, or use
one of the densities for some common sampling media, as follows:

[[Page 831]]

(1) For PTFE-coated borosilicate glass, use a sample media density
of 2300 kg/m\3\.
(2) For PTFE membrane (film) media with an integral support ring of
polymethylpentene that accounts for 95% of the media mass, use a sample
media density of 920 kg/m\3\.
(3) For PTFE membrane (film) media with an integral support ring of
PTFE, use a sample media density of 2144 kg/m\3\.
(c) Air density. Because a PM balance environment must be tightly
controlled to an ambient temperature of (22 1)
[deg]C and humidity has an insignificant effect on buoyancy correction,
air density is primarily a function of atmospheric pressure. Therefore
you may use nominal constant values for temperature and humidity in the
buoyancy correction equation in Eq. 1065.690-2.
(d) Calibration weight density. Use the stated density of the
material of your metal calibration weight. The example calculation in
this section uses a density of 8000 kg/m\3\, but you should know the
density of your weight from the calibration weight supplier or the
balance manufacturer if it is an internal weight.
(e) Correction calculation. Correct the PM sample media for buoyancy
using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.097

Where:

mcor = PM mass corrected for buoyancy.
muncor = PM mass uncorrected for buoyancy.
[rho]air = density of air in balance environment.
[rho]weight = density of calibration weight used to span
balance.
[rho]media = density of PM sample media, such as a filter.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.098

Where:
pabs = absolute pressure in balance environment.
Mmix = molar mass of air in balance environment.
R = molar gas constant.
Tamb = absolute ambient temperature of balance environment.

Example:

pabs = 99.980 kPa
Tsat = Tdew = 9.5 [deg]C
Using Eq. 1065.645-1,
pH20 = 1.1866 kPa
Using Eq. 1065.645-3,
xH2O = 0.011868 mol/mol
Using Eq. 1065.640-9,
Mmix = 28.83563 g/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol\.\K)
Tamb = 20 [deg]C
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.099

[rho]air = 1.18282 kg/m\3\
muncorr = 100.0000 mg
[rho]weight = 8000 kg/m\3\
[rho]media = 920 kg/m\3\

[[Page 832]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.100

mcor = 100.1139 mg

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37339, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 23056, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.695 Data requirements.

(a) To determine the information we require from engine tests, refer
to the standard-setting part and request from your Designated Compliance
Officer the format used to apply for certification or demonstrate
compliance. We may require different information for different purposes,
such as for certification applications, approval requests for alternate
procedures, selective enforcement audits, laboratory audits, production-
line test reports, and field-test reports.
(b) See the standard-setting part and Sec. 1065.25 regarding
recordkeeping.
(c) We may ask you the following about your testing, and we may ask
you for other information as allowed under the Act:
(1) What approved alternate procedures did you use? For example:
(i) Partial-flow dilution for proportional PM.
(ii) CARB test procedures.
(iii) ISO test procedures.
(2) What laboratory equipment did you use? For example, the make,
model, and description of the following:
(i) Engine dynamometer and operator demand.
(ii) Probes, dilution, transfer lines, and sample preconditioning
components.
(iii) Batch storage media (such as the bag material or PM filter
material).
(3) What measurement instruments did you use? For example, the make,
model, and description of the following:
(i) Speed and torque instruments.
(ii) Flow meters.
(iii) Gas analyzers.
(iv) PM balance.
(4) When did you conduct calibrations and performance checks and
what were the results? For example, the dates and results of the
following:
(i) Linearity checks.
(ii) Interference checks.
(iii) Response checks.
(iv) Leak checks.
(v) Flow meter checks.
(5) What engine did you test? For example, the following:
(i) Manufacturer.
(ii) Family name on engine label.
(iii) Model.
(iv) Model year.
(v) Identification number.
(6) How did you prepare and configure your engine for testing?
Consider the following examples:
(i) Dates, hours, duty cycle and fuel used for service accumulation.
(ii) Dates and description of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance.
(iii) Allowable pressure range of intake restriction.
(iv) Allowable pressure range of exhaust restriction.
(v) Charge air cooler volume.
(vi) Charge air cooler outlet temperature, specified engine
conditions and location of temperature measurement.
(vii) Fuel temperature and location of measurement.
(viii) Any aftertreatment system configuration and description.
(ix) Any crankcase ventilation configuration and description (e.g.,
open, closed, PCV, crankcase scavenged).
(7) How did you test your engine? For example:
(i) Constant speed or variable speed.
(ii) Mapping procedure (step or sweep).
(iii) Continuous or batch sampling for each emission.
(iv) Raw or dilute sampling; any dilution-air background sampling.
(v) Duty cycle and test intervals.
(vi) Cold-start, hot-start, warmed-up running.

[[Page 833]]

(vii) Absolute pressure, temperature, and dewpoint of intake and
dilution air.
(viii) Simulated engine loads, curb idle transmission torque value.
(ix) Warm-idle speed value.
(x) Simulated vehicle signals applied during testing.
(xi) Bypassed governor controls during testing.
(xii) Date, time, and location of test (e.g., dynamometer laboratory
identification).
(xiii) Cooling medium for engine and charge air.
(xiv) Operating temperatures of coolant, head, and block.
(xv) Natural or forced cool-down and cool-down time.
(xvi) Canister loading.
(8) How did you validate your testing? For example, results from the
following:
(i) Duty cycle regression statistics for each test interval.
(ii) Proportional sampling.
(iii) Drift.
(iv) Reference PM sample media in PM-stabilization environment.
(9) How did you calculate results? For example, results from the
following:
(i) Drift correction.
(ii) Noise correction.
(iii) ``Dry-to-wet'' correction.
(iv) NMHC, CH4, and contamination correction.
(v) NOX humidity correction.
(vi) Brake-specific emission formulation--total mass divided by
total work, mass rate divided by power, or ratio of mass to work.
(vii) Rounding emission results.
(10) What were the results of your testing? For example:
(i) Maximum mapped power and speed at maximum power.
(ii) Maximum mapped torque and speed at maximum torque.
(iii) For constant-speed engines: no-load governed speed.
(iv) For constant-speed engines: test torque.
(v) For variable-speed engines: maximum test speed.
(vi) Speed versus torque map.
(vii) Speed versus power map.
(viii) Brake-specific emissions over the duty cycle and each test
interval.
(ix) Brake-specific fuel consumption.
(11) What fuel did you use? For example:
(i) Fuel that met specifications of subpart H of this part.
(ii) Alternate fuel.
(iii) Oxygenated fuel.
(12) How did you field test your engine? For example:
(i) Data from paragraphs (c)(1), (3), (4), (5), and (9) of this
section.
(ii) Probes, dilution, transfer lines, and sample preconditioning
components.
(iii) Batch storage media (such as the bag material or PM filter
material).
(iv) Continuous or batch sampling for each emission.
(v) Raw or dilute sampling; any dilution air background sampling.
(vi) Cold-start, hot-start, warmed-up running.
(vii) Intake and dilution air absolute pressure, temperature,
dewpoint.
(viii) Curb idle transmission torque value.
(ix) Warm idle speed value, any enhanced idle speed value.
(x) Date, time, and location of test (e.g., identify the testing
laboratory).
(xi) Proportional sampling validation.
(xii) Drift validation.
(xiii) Operating temperatures of coolant, head, and block.
(xiv) Vehicle make, model, model year, identification number.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37339, June 30, 2008]

Subpart H_Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other

Calibration Standards

Sec. 1065.701 General requirements for test fuels.

(a) General. For all emission measurements, use test fuels that meet
the specifications in this subpart, unless the standard-setting part
directs otherwise. Section 1065.10(c)(1) does not apply with respect to
test fuels. Note that the standard-setting parts generally require that
you design your emission controls to function properly when using
commercially available fuels, even if they differ from the test fuel.

[[Page 834]]

(b) Fuels meeting alternate specifications. We may allow you to use
a different test fuel (such as California Phase 2 gasoline) if it does
not affect your ability to show that your engines would comply with all
applicable emission standards using the fuel specified in this subpart.
(c) Fuels not specified in this subpart. If you produce engines that
run on a type of fuel (or mixture of fuels) that we do not specify in
this subpart, you must get our written approval to establish the
appropriate test fuel. See the standard-setting part for provisions
related to fuels and fuel mixtures not specified in this subpart.
(1) For engines designed to operate on a single fuel, we will
generally allow you to use the fuel if you show us all the following
things are true:
(i) Show that your engines will use only the designated fuel in
service.
(ii) Show that this type of fuel is commercially available.
(iii) Show that operating the engines on the fuel we specify would
be inappropriate, as in the following examples:
(A) The engine will not run on the specified fuel.
(B) The engine or emission controls will not be durable or work
properly when operating with the specified fuel.
(C) The measured emission results would otherwise be substantially
unrepresentative of in-use emissions.
(2) For engines that are designed to operate on different fuel
types, the provisions of paragraphs (c)(1)(ii) and (iii) of this section
apply with respect to each fuel type.
(3) For engines that are designed to operate on different fuel types
as well as continuous mixtures of those fuels, we may require you to
test with either the worst-case fuel mixture or the most representative
fuel mixture, unless the standard-setting part specifies otherwise.
(d) Fuel specifications. The fuel parameters specified in this
subpart depend on measurement procedures that are incorporated by
reference. For any of these procedures, you may instead rely upon the
procedures identified in 40 CFR part 80 for measuring the same
parameter. For example, we may identify different reference procedures
for measuring gasoline parameters in 40 CFR 80.46.
(e) Two-stroke fuel/oil mixing. For two-stroke engines, use a fuel/
oil mixture meeting the manufacturer's specifications.
(f) Service accumulation and field testing fuels. If we do not
specify a service-accumulation or field-testing fuel in the standard-
setting part, use an appropriate commercially available fuel such as
those meeting minimum specifications from the following table:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.701--Examples of Service-accumulation and Field-
testing Fuels
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference procedure
Fuel category Subcategory \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light distillate and ASTM D975-07b.
light blends with
residual.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diesel...................... Middle distillate... ASTM D6985-04a.
-------------------------------------------
Biodiesel (B100).... ASTM D6751-07b.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intermediate and residual All................. See Sec. 1065.705.
fuel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline.................... Motor vehicle ASTM D4814-07a.
gasoline.
-------------------------------------------
Minor oxygenated ASTM D4814-07a.
gasoline blends.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alcohol..................... Ethanol (Ed75-85)... ASTM D5798-07.
-------------------------------------------
Methanol (M70-M85).. ASTM D5797-07.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aviation fuel............... Aviation gasoline... ASTM D910-07.
-------------------------------------------
Gas turbine......... ASTM D1655-07e01.
-------------------------------------------
Jet B wide cut...... ASTM D6615-06.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gas turbine fuel............ General............. ASTM D2880-03l.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ASTM specifications are incorporated by reference in Sec.
1065.1010.

[[Page 835]]

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37339, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59341, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 23057, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.703 Distillate diesel fuel.

(a) Distillate diesel fuels for testing must be clean and bright,
with pour and cloud points adequate for proper engine operation.
(b) There are three grades of 2 diesel fuel specified for
use as a test fuel. See the standard-setting part to determine which
grade to use. If the standard-setting part does not specify which grade
to use, use good engineering judgment to select the grade that
represents the fuel on which the engines will operate in use. The three
grades are specified in Table 1 of this section.
(c) You may use the following nonmetallic additives with distillate
diesel fuels:
(1) Cetane improver.
(2) Metal deactivator.
(3) Antioxidant, dehazer.
(4) Rust inhibitor.
(5) Pour depressant.
(6) Dye.
(7) Dispersant.
(8) Biocide.

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.703--Test Fuel Specifications for Distillate Diesel Fuel
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ultra low Reference
Item Units sulfur Low sulfur High sulfur procedure \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number................... ................... 40-50 40-50 40-50 ASTM D613-05.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distillation range:
Initial boiling point........... [deg]C............ 171-204 171-204 171-204 ASTM D86-07a.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 pct. point................... ................... 204-238 204-238 204-238
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50 pct. point................... ................... 243-282 243-282 243-282
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
90 pct. point................... ................... 293-332 293-332 293-332
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Endpoint........................ ................... 321-366 321-366 321-366
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gravity......................... [deg]API........... 32-37 32-37 32-37 ASTM D4052-96e01.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total sulfur, ultra low sulfur.. mg/kg.............. 7-15 ........... ........... See 40 CFR 80.580.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total sulfur, low and high mg/kg.............. ........... 300-500 800-2500 ASTM D2622-07 or
sulfur. alternates as
allowed under 40
CFR 80.580.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aromatics, min. (Remainder shall g/kg............... 100 100 100 ASTM D5186-03.
be paraffins, naphthalenes, and
olefins)
Flash Point, min................ [deg]C............ 54 54 54 ASTM D93-09
Kinematic Viscosity............. cSt................ 2.0-3.2 2.0-3.2 2.0-3.2 ASTM D445-09
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in Sec. 1065.1010. See Sec. 1065.701(d) for other allowed
procedures.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37340, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59341, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 23057, Apr. 30, 2010; 77 FR 2464, Jan.
18, 2012]

Sec. 1065.705 Residual and intermediate residual fuel.

This section describes the specifications for fuels meeting the
definition of residual fuel in 40 CFR 80.2, including fuels marketed as
intermediate fuel. Residual fuels for service accumulation and any
testing must meet the following specifications:
(a) The fuel must be a commercially available fuel that is
representative of the fuel that will be used by the engine in actual
use.
(b) The fuel must meet the specifications for one of the categories
in the following table:

[[Page 836]]

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.705--Service Accumulation and Test Fuel Specifications for Residual Fuel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category ISO-F-
Characteristic Unit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Test method
RMA 30 RMB 30 RMD 80 RME 180 RMF 180 RMG 380 RMH 380 RMK 380 RMH 700 RMK 700 reference \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Density at 15 [deg]C, max.... kg/m \3\...... 960.0 975.0 980.0 991.0
991.0 1010.0 991.0 1010.0 ISO
3675 or
ISO
12185:
1996/
Cor
1:2001
(see
also
ISO
8217:20
05(E)
7.1).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kinematic viscosity at 50 cSt........... 30.0 80.0 180.0
[deg]C, max.
380.0
700.0 ISO
3104:19
94/Cor
1:1997.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flash point, min............. [deg]C........ 60 60 60
60
60 ISO
2719
(see
also
ISO
8217:20
05(E)
7.2).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pour point (upper):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Winter quality, max...... [deg]C........ 0 24 30 30
30
30 ISO
3016.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summer quality, max...... 6............. 24 30 30
30
30 ISO
3016.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carbon residue, max.......... (kg/kg)%...... 10 14 15 20 18 22 22 ISO 10370:1993/
Cor 1:1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ash, max..................... (kg/kg)%...... 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.15
0.15 ISO
6245.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Water, max................... (m\3\/m\3\)%.. 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.5
0.5 ISO
3733.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur, max.................. (kg/kg)%...... 3.50 4.00 4.50
4.50
4.50 ISO
8754 or
ISO
14596:
1998/
Cor
1:1999
(see
also
ISO
8217:20
05(E)
7.3).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vanadium, max................ mg/kg......... 150 350 200 500 300 600 600 ISO 14597 or IP
501 or IP 470
(see also ISO
8217:2005(E)
7.8).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 837]]

Total sediment potential, max (kg/kg)%...... 0.10 0.10 0.10
0.10
0.10 ISO
10307-2
(see
also
ISO
8217:20
05(E)
7.6).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aluminium plus silicon, max.. mg/kg......... 80 80 80
80
80 ISO
10478
or IP
501 or
IP 470
(see
also
ISO
8217:20
05(E)
7.9).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Used lubricating oil (ULO), .............. Fuel shall be free of ULO. We consider a fuel to be free of ULO if one or more of the IP 501 or IP
max. elements zinc, phosphorus, or calcium is at or below the specified limits. We consider a 470 (see ISO
fuel to contain ULO if all three elements exceed the specified limits. 8217:2005(E)
7.7).
IP 501 or IP
500 (see ISO
8217:2005(E)
7.7).
IP 501 or IP
470 (see ISO
8217:2005(E)
7.7).
mg/kg......... 15
Zinc......................... .............. 15
Phosphorus................... .............. 15
Calcium...................... .............. 30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ ISO procedures are incorporated by reference in Sec. 1065.1010. See Sec. 1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.

[[Page 838]]

[73 FR 37340, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.710 Gasoline.

(a) Gasoline for testing must have octane values that represent
commercially available fuels for the appropriate application.
(b) There are two grades of gasoline specified for use as a test
fuel. If the standard-setting part requires testing with fuel
appropriate for low temperatures, use the test fuel specified for low-
temperature testing. Otherwise, use the test fuel specified for general
testing. The two grades are specified in Table 1 of this section.

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.710--Test Fuel Specifications for Gasoline
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low-temperature
Item Units General testing testing Reference procedure \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distillation Range:
Initial boiling point...... [deg]C.......... 24-35 \2\........ 24-36............
10% point.................. [deg]C.......... 49-57............ 37-48............ ASTM D86-07a.
50% point.................. [deg]C.......... 93-110........... 82-101...........
90% point.................. [deg]C.......... 149-163.......... 158-174..........
End point.................. [deg]C.......... Maximum, 213..... Maximum, 212.....
Hydrocarbon composition:
Olefins.................... m\3\/m\3\....... Maximum, 0.10.... Maximum, 0.175... ASTM D1319-03.
Aromatics.................. ................ Maximum, 0.35.... Maximum, 0.304...
Saturates.................. ................ Remainder........ Remainder........
Lead (organic)................. g/liter......... Maximum, 0.013... Maximum, 0.013... ASTM
D3237-06e01.
Phosphorous.................... g/liter......... Maximum, 0.0013.. Maximum, 0.005... ASTM D3231-07.
Total sulfur................... mg/kg........... Maximum, 80...... Maximum, 80...... ASTM D2622-07.
Volatility (Reid Vapor kPa............. 60.0-63.4 2, 3... 77.2-81.4........ ASTM D5191-07.
Pressure).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in Sec. 1065.1010. See Sec. 1065.701(d) for other allowed
procedures.
\2\ For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m, the specified volatility range is (52.0 to 55.2) kPa and the
specified initial boiling point range is (23.9 to 40.6) [deg]C.
\3\ For testing unrelated to evaporative emissions, the specified range is (55.2 to 63.4) kPa.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37341, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.715 Natural gas.

(a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, natural
gas for testing must meet the specifications in the following table:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.715--Test Fuel Specifications for Natural Gas
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item Value \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methane, CH4........................... Minimum, 0.87 mol/mol.
Ethane, C2H6........................... Maximum, 0.055 mol/mol.
Propane, C3H8.......................... Maximum, 0.012 mol/mol.
Butane, C4H10.......................... Maximum, 0.0035 mol/mol.
Pentane, C5H12......................... Maximum, 0.0013 mol/mol.
C6 and higher.......................... Maximum, 0.001 mol/mol.
Oxygen................................. Maximum, 0.001 mol/mol.
Inert gases (sum of CO2 and N2)........ Maximum, 0.051 mol/mol.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ All parameters are based on the reference procedures in ASTM D1945-
03 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1065.1010). See Sec.
1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.

[[Page 839]]

but only if using the fuel would not adversely affect your ability to
demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards.
(c) When we conduct testing using natural gas, we will use fuel that
meets the specifications in paragraph (a) of this section.
(d) At ambient conditions, natural gas must have a distinctive odor
detectable down to a concentration in air not more than one-fifth the
lower flammable limit.

[73 FR 37342, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.720 Liquefied petroleum gas.

(a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, liquefied
petroleum gas for testing must meet the specifications in the following
table:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.720--Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied
Petroleum Gas
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference
Item Value procedure \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Propane, C3H8................... Minimum, 0.85 m\3\/ ASTM D2163-05.
m\3\.
Vapor pressure at 38 [deg]C..... Maximum, 1400 kPa. ASTM D1267-02 or
2598-02\2\.
Volatility residue (evaporated Maximum, -38 ASTM D1837-02a.
temperature, 35 [deg]C). [deg]C.
Butanes......................... Maximum, 0.05 m\3\/ ASTM D2163-05.
m\3\.
Butenes......................... Maximum, 0.02 m\3\/ ASTM D2163-05.
m\3\.
Pentenes and heavier............ Maximum, 0.005 ASTM D2163-05.
m\3\/m\3\.
Propene......................... Maximum, 0.1 m\3\/ ASTM D2163-05.
m\3\.
Residual matter (residue on Maximum, 0.05 ml ASTM D2158-05.
evap. of 100 ml oil stain pass\3\.
observ.).
Corrosion, copper strip......... Maximum, No. 1.... ASTM D1838-07.
Sulfur.......................... Maximum, 80 mg/kg. ASTM D2784-06.
Moisture content................ pass.............. ASTM D2713-91.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ ASTM procedures are incorporated by reference in Sec. 1065.1010.
See Sec. 1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.
\2\ If these two test methods yield different results, use the results
from ASTM D1267-02.
\3\ The test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when you add 0.3
ml of solvent residue mixture to a filter paper in 0.1 ml increments
and examine it in daylight after two minutes.

(b) In certain cases you may use test fuel not meeting the
specifications in paragraph (a) of this section, as follows:
(1) You may use fuel that your in-use engines normally use, such as
commercial-quality liquefied petroleum gas.
(2) You may use fuel meeting alternate specifications if the
standard-setting part allows it.
(3) You may ask for approval to use fuel that does not meet the
specifications in paragraph (a) of this section, but only if using the
fuel would not adversely affect your ability to demonstrate compliance
with the applicable standards.
(c) When we conduct testing using liquefied petroleum gas, we will
use fuel that meets the specifications in paragraph (a) of this section.
(d) At ambient conditions, liquefied petroleum gas must have a
distinctive odor detectable down to a concentration in air not more than
one-fifth the lower flammable limit.

[73 FR 37342, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.740 Lubricants.

(a) Use commercially available lubricating oil that represents the
oil that will be used in your engine in use.
(b) You may use lubrication additives, up to the levels that the
additive manufacturer recommends.

Sec. 1065.745 Coolants.

(a) You may use commercially available antifreeze mixtures or other
coolants that will be used in your engine in use.
(b) For laboratory testing of liquid-cooled engines, you may use
water with or without rust inhibitors.
(c) For coolants allowed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section,
you may use rust inhibitors and additives required for lubricity, up to
the levels that the additive manufacturer recommends.

Sec. 1065.750 Analytical gases.

Analytical gases must meet the accuracy and purity specifications of
this section, unless you can show that other specifications would not
affect your

[[Page 840]]

ability to show that your engines comply with all applicable emission
standards.
(a) Subparts C, D, F, and J of this part refer to the following gas
specifications:
(1) Use purified gases to zero measurement instruments and to blend
with calibration gases. Use gases with contamination no higher than the
highest of the following values in the gas cylinder or at the outlet of
a zero-gas generator:
(i) 2% contamination, measured relative to the flow-weighted mean
concentration expected at the standard. For example, if you would expect
a flow-weighted CO concentration of 100.0 [micro]mol/mol, then you would
be allowed to use a zero gas with CO contamination less than or equal to
2.000 [micro]mol/mol.
(ii) Contamination as specified in the following table:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.750--General specifications for purified gases.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purified synthetic
Constituent air \1\ Purified N2\1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THC (C1 equivalent)............. <= 0.05 [micro]mol/ <= 0.05 [micro]mol/
mol. mol.
CO.............................. <= 1 [micro]mol/ <= 1 [micro]mol/
mol. mol.
CO2............................. <= 10 [micro]mol/ <= 10 [micro]mol/
mol. mol.
O2.............................. 0.205 to 0.215 mol/ <= 2 [micro]mol/
mol. mol.
NOX............................. <= 0.02 [micro]mol/ <= 0.02 [micro]mol/
mol. mol.
N2O\2\.......................... <= 0.05 [micro]mol/ <= 0.05 [micro]mol/
mol. mol.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ We do not require these levels of purity to be NIST-traceable.
\2\ The N2O limit applies only if the standard-setting part requires you
to report N2O.

(2) Use the following gases with a FID analyzer:
(i) FID fuel. Use FID fuel with a stated H2 concentration
of (0.39 to 0.41) mol/mol, balance He, and a stated total hydrocarbon
concentration of 0.05 [micro]mol/mol or less.
(ii) FID burner air. Use FID burner air that meets the
specifications of purified air in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. For
field testing, you may use ambient air.
(iii) FID zero gas. Zero flame-ionization detectors with purified
gas that meets the specifications in paragraph (a)(1) of this section,
except that the purified gas O2 concentration may be any
value. Note that FID zero balance gases may be any combination of
purified air and purified nitrogen. We recommend FID analyzer zero gases
that contain approximately the expected flow-weighted mean concentration
of O2 in the exhaust sample during testing.
(iv) FID propane span gas. Span and calibrate THC FID with span
concentrations of propane, C3H8. Calibrate on a
carbon number basis of one (C1). For example, if you use a
C3H8 span gas of concentration 200 [micro]mol/mol,
span a FID to respond with a value of 600 [micro]mol/mol. Note that FID
span balance gases may be any combination of purified air and purified
nitrogen. We recommend FID analyzer span gases that contain
approximately the flow-weighted mean concentration of O2
expected during testing. If the expected O2 concentration in
the exhaust sample is zero, we recommend using a balance gas of purified
nitrogen.
(v) FID methane span gas. If you always span and calibrate a
CH4 FID with a nonmethane cutter, then span and calibrate the
FID with span concentrations of methane, CH4. Calibrate on a
carbon number basis of one (C1). For example, if you use a
CH4 span gas of concentration 200 [micro]mol/mol, span a FID
to respond with a value of 200 [micro]mol/mol. Note that FID span
balance gases may be any combination of purified air and purified
nitrogen. We recommend FID analyzer span gases that contain
approximately the expected flow-weighted mean concentration of
O2 in the exhaust sample during testing. If the expected
O2 concentration in the exhaust sample is zero, we recommend
using a balance gas of purified nitrogen.
(3) Use the following gas mixtures, with gases traceable within
1% of the NIST-accepted value or other gas
standards we approve:
(i) CH4, balance purified synthetic air and/or
N2 (as applicable).
(ii) C2H6, balance purified synthetic air and/
or N2 (as applicable).

[[Page 841]]

(iii) C3H8, balance purified synthetic air
and/or N2 (as applicable).
(iv) CO, balance purified N2.
(v) CO2, balance purified N2.
(vi) NO, balance purified N2.
(vii) NO2, balance purified synthetic air.
(viii) O2, balance purified N2.
(ix) C3H8, CO, CO2, NO, balance
purified N2.
(x) C3H8, CH4, CO, CO2,
NO, balance purified N2.
(xi) N2O, balance purified synthetic air and/or
N2 (as applicable).
(4) You may use gases for species other than those listed in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section (such as methanol in air, which you may
use to determine response factors), as long as they are traceable to
within 3% of the NIST-accepted value or other
similar standards we approve, and meet the stability requirements of
paragraph (b) of this section.
(5) You may generate your own calibration gases using a precision
blending device, such as a gas divider, to dilute gases with purified
N2 or purified synthetic air. If your gas dividers meet the
specifications in Sec. 1065.248, and the gases being blended meet the
requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) and (3) of this section, the resulting
blends are considered to meet the requirements of this paragraph (a).
(b) Record the concentration of any calibration gas standard and its
expiration date specified by the gas supplier.
(1) Do not use any calibration gas standard after its expiration
date, except as allowed by paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
(2) Calibration gases may be relabeled and used after their
expiration date as follows:
(i) Alcohol/carbonyl calibration gases used to determine response
factors according to subpart I of this part may be relabeled as
specified in subpart I of this part.
(ii) Other gases may be relabeled and used after the expiration date
only if we approve it in advance.
(c) Transfer gases from their source to analyzers using components
that are dedicated to controlling and transferring only those gases. For
example, do not use a regulator, valve, or transfer line for zero gas if
those components were previously used to transfer a different gas
mixture. We recommend that you label regulators, valves, and transfer
lines to prevent contamination. Note that even small traces of a gas
mixture in the dead volume of a regulator, valve, or transfer line can
diffuse upstream into a high-pressure volume of gas, which would
contaminate the entire high-pressure gas source, such as a compressed-
gas cylinder.
(d) To maintain stability and purity of gas standards, use good
engineering judgment and follow the gas standard supplier's
recommendations for storing and handling zero, span, and calibration
gases. For example, it may be necessary to store bottles of condensable
gases in a heated environment.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37343, June 30, 2008;
74 FR 56518, Oct. 30, 2009; 75 FR 68465, Nov. 8, 2010; 76 FR 57467,
Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.790 Mass standards.

(a) PM balance calibration weights. Use PM balance calibration
weights that are certified as NIST-traceable within 0.1% uncertainty.
Calibration weights may be certified by any calibration lab that
maintains NIST-traceability. Make sure your highest calibration weight
has no greater than ten times the mass of an unused PM-sample medium.
(b) Dynamometer calibration weights. [Reserved]

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 76 FR 57467, Sept. 15, 2011]

Subpart I_Testing With Oxygenated Fuels

Sec. 1065.801 Applicability.

(a) This subpart applies for testing with oxygenated fuels. Unless
the standard-setting part specifies otherwise, the requirements of this
subpart do not apply for fuels that contain less than 25% oxygenated
compounds by volume. For example, you generally do not need to follow
the requirements of this subpart for tests performed using a fuel
containing 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline, but you must follow these
requirements for tests performed using a

[[Page 842]]

fuel containing 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.
(b) Section 1065.805 applies for all other testing that requires
measurement of any alcohols or carbonyls.
(c) This subpart specifies sampling procedures and calculations that
are different than those used for non-oxygenated fuels. All other test
procedures of this part 1065 apply for testing with oxygenated fuels.

Sec. 1065.805 Sampling system.

(a) Dilute engine exhaust, and use batch sampling to collect
proportional flow-weighted dilute samples of the applicable alcohols and
carbonyls. You may not use raw sampling for alcohols and carbonyls.
(b) You may collect background samples for correcting dilution air
for background concentrations of alcohols and carbonyls.
(c) Maintain sample temperatures within the dilution tunnel, probes,
and sample lines high enough to prevent aqueous condensation up to the
point where a sample is collected to prevent loss of the alcohols and
carbonyls by dissolution in condensed water. Use good engineering
judgment to ensure that surface reactions of alcohols and carbonyls do
not occur, as surface decomposition of methanol has been shown to occur
at temperatures greater than 120 [deg]C in exhaust from methanol-fueled
engines.
(d) You may bubble a sample of the exhaust through water to collect
alcohols for later analysis. You may also use a photo-acoustic analyzer
to quantify ethanol and methanol in an exhaust sample.
(e) Sample the exhaust through cartridges impregnated with 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazine to collect carbonyls for later analysis. If the
standard-setting part specifies a duty cycle that has multiple test
intervals (such as multiple engine starts or an engine-off soak phase),
you may proportionally collect a single carbonyl sample for the entire
duty cycle. For example, if the standard-setting part specifies a six-
to-one weighting of hot-start to cold-start emissions, you may collect a
single carbonyl sample for the entire duty cycle by using a hot-start
sample flow rate that is six times the cold-start sample flow rate.
(f) You may sample alcohols or carbonyls using ``California Non-
Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures'' (incorporated by reference in
Sec. 1065.1010). If you use this method, follow its calculations to
determine the mass of the alcohol/carbonyl in the exhaust sample, but
follow subpart G of this part for all other calculations.
(g) Use good engineering judgment to sample other oxygenated
hydrocarbon compounds in the exhaust.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37343, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.845 Response factor determination.

Since FID analyzers generally have an incomplete response to
alcohols and carbonyls, determine each FID analyzer's alcohol/carbonyl
response factor (such as RFMeOH) after FID optimization to
subtract those responses from the FID reading. You are not required to
determine the response factor for a compound unless you will subtract
its response to compensate for a response. Formaldehyde response is
assumed to be zero and does not need to be determined. Use the most
recent alcohol/carbonyl response factors to compensate for alcohol/
carbonyl response.
(a) Determine the alcohol/carbonyl response factors as follows:
(1) Select a C3H8 span gas that meets the
specifications of Sec. 1065.750. Note that FID zero and span balance
gases may be any combination of purified air or purified nitrogen that
meets the specifications of Sec. 1065.750. We recommend FID analyzer
zero and span gases that contain approximately the flow-weighted mean
concentration of O2 expected during testing. Record the
C3H8 concentration of the gas.
(2) Select or prepare an alcohol/carbonyl calibration gas that meets
the specifications of Sec. 1065.750 and has a concentration typical of
the peak concentration expected at the hydrocarbon standard. Record the
calibration concentration of the gas.
(3) Start and operate the FID analyzer according to the
manufacturer's instructions.
(4) Confirm that the FID analyzer has been calibrated using
C3H8. Calibrate

[[Page 843]]

on a carbon number basis of one (C1). For example, if you use
a C3H8 span gas of concentration 200 [micro]mol/
mol, span the FID to respond with a value of 600 [micro]mol/mol.
(5) Zero the FID. Note that FID zero and span balance gases may be
any combination of purified air or purified nitrogen that meets the
specifications of Sec. 1065.750. We recommend FID analyzer zero and
span gases that contain approximately the flow-weighted mean
concentration of O2 expected during testing.
(6) Span the FID with the C3H8 span gas that
you selected under paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(7) Introduce at the inlet of the FID analyzer the alcohol/carbonyl
calibration gas that you selected under paragraph (a)(2) of this
section.
(8) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize. Stabilization
time may include time to purge the analyzer and to account for its
response.
(9) While the analyzer measures the alcohol/carbonyl concentration,
record 30 seconds of sampled data. Calculate the arithmetic mean of
these values.
(10) Divide the mean measured concentration by the recorded span
concentration of the alcohol/carbonyl calibration gas. The result is the
FID analyzer's response factor for alcohol/carbonyl, RFMeOH.
(b) Alcohol/carbonyl calibration gases must remain within 2% of the labeled concentration. You must demonstrate
the stability based on a quarterly measurement procedure with a
precision of 2% percent or another method that we
approve. Your measurement procedure may incorporate multiple
measurements. If the true concentration of the gas changes deviates by
more than 2%, but less than 10%, the gas may be relabeled with the new
concentration.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37343, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 23058, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.850 Calculations.

Use the calculations specified in Sec. 1065.665 to determine THCE
or NMHCE.

Subpart J_Field Testing and Portable Emission Measurement Systems

Sec. 1065.901 Applicability.

(a) Field testing. This subpart specifies procedures for field-
testing engines to determine brake-specific emissions using portable
emission measurement systems (PEMS). These procedures are designed
primarily for in-field measurements of engines that remain installed in
vehicles or equipment in the field. Field-test procedures apply to your
engines only as specified in the standard-setting part.
(b) Laboratory testing. You may use PEMS for any testing in a
laboratory or similar environment without restriction or prior approval
if the PEMS meets all applicable specifications for laboratory testing.
You may also use PEMS for any testing in a laboratory or similar
environment if we approve it in advance, subject to the following
provisions:
(1) Follow the laboratory test procedures specified in this part
1065, according to Sec. 1065.905(e).
(2) Do not apply any PEMS-related field-testing adjustments or
measurement allowances to laboratory emission results or standards.
(3) Do not use PEMS for laboratory measurements if it prevents you
from demonstrating compliance with the applicable standards. Some of the
PEMS requirements in this part 1065 are less stringent than the
corresponding laboratory requirements. Depending on actual PEMS
performance, you might therefore need to account for some additional
measurement uncertainty when using PEMS for laboratory testing. If we
ask, you must show us by engineering analysis that any additional
measurement uncertainty due to your use of PEMS for laboratory testing
is offset by the extent to which your engine's emissions are below the
applicable standards. For example, you might show that PEMS versus
laboratory uncertainty represents 5% of the standard, but your engine's
deteriorated emissions are at least 20% below the standard for each
pollutant.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37344, June 30, 2008]

[[Page 844]]

Sec. 1065.905 General provisions.

(a) General. Unless the standard-setting part specifies deviations
from the provisions of this subpart, field testing and laboratory
testing with PEMS must conform to the provisions of this subpart.
(b) Field-testing scope. Field testing conducted under this subpart
may include any normal in-use operation of an engine.
(c) Field testing and the standard-setting part. This subpart J
specifies procedures for field-testing various categories of engines.
See the standard-setting part for specific provisions for a particular
type of engine. Before using this subpart's procedures for field
testing, read the standard-setting part to answer at least the following
questions:
(1) How many engines must I test in the field?
(2) How many times must I repeat a field test on an individual
engine?
(3) How do I select vehicles for field testing?
(4) What maintenance steps may I take before or between tests?
(5) What data are needed for a single field test on an individual
engine?
(6) What are the limits on ambient conditions for field testing?
Note that the ambient condition limits in Sec. 1065.520 do not apply
for field testing. Field testing may occur at any ambient temperature,
pressure, and humidity unless otherwise specified in the standard-
setting part.
(7) Which exhaust constituents do I need to measure?
(8) How do I account for crankcase emissions?
(9) Which engine and ambient parameters do I need to measure?
(10) How do I process the data recorded during field testing to
determine if my engine meets field-testing standards? How do I determine
individual test intervals? Note that ``test interval'' is defined in
subpart K of this part 1065.
(11) Should I warm up the test engine before measuring emissions, or
do I need to measure cold-start emissions during a warm-up segment of
in-use operation?
(12) Do any unique specifications apply for test fuels?
(13) Do any special conditions invalidate parts of a field test or
all of a field test?
(14) Does any special measurement allowance apply to field-test
emission results or standards, based on using PEMS for field-testing
versus using laboratory equipment and instruments for laboratory
testing?
(15) Do results of initial field testing trigger any requirement for
additional field testing or laboratory testing?
(16) How do I report field-testing results?
(d) Field testing and this part 1065. Use the following
specifications for field testing:
(1) Use the applicability and general provisions of subpart A of
this part.
(2) Use equipment specifications in Sec. 1065.101 and in the
sections from Sec. 1065.140 to the end of subpart B of this part, with
the exception of Sec. Sec. 1065.140(e)(1) and (4), 1065.170(c)(1)(vi),
and 1065.195(c). Section 1065.910 identifies additional equipment that
is specific to field testing.
(i) For PM samples, configure dilution systems as follows:
(A) Use good engineering judgment to control diluent (i.e., dilution
air) temperature. If you choose to directly and actively control diluent
temperature, set the temperature to 25 [deg]C.
(B) Control sample temperature to a (32 to 62) [deg]C tolerance, as
measured anywhere within 20 cm upstream or downstream of the PM storage
media (such as a filter or oscillating crystal), where the tolerance
applies only during sampling.
(C) Maintain filter face velocity to a (5 to 100) cm/s tolerance for
flow-through media. Compliance with this provision can be verified by
engineering analysis. This provision does not apply for non-flow-through
media.
(ii) For inertial PM balances, there is no requirement to control
the stabilization environment temperature or dewpoint.
(3) Use measurement instruments in subpart C of this part, except as
specified in Sec. 1065.915.
(4) Use calibrations and verifications in subpart D of this part,
except as specified in Sec. 1065.920. Section 1065.920 also specifies
additional calibrations and verifications for field testing.

[[Page 845]]

(5) Use the provisions of the standard-setting part for selecting
and maintaining engines in the field instead of the specifications in
subpart E of this part.
(6) Use the procedures in Sec. Sec. 1065.930 and 1065.935 to start
and run a field test. If you use a gravimetric balance for PM, weigh PM
samples according to Sec. Sec. 1065.590 and 1065.595.
(7) Use the calculations in subpart G of this part to calculate
emissions over each test interval. Note that ``test interval'' is
defined in subpart K of this part 1065, and that the standard setting
part indicates how to determine test intervals for your engine.
Section 1065.940 specifies additional calculations for field
testing. Use any calculations specified in the standard-setting part to
determine if your engines meet the field-testing standards. The
standard-setting part may also contain additional calculations that
determine when further field testing is required.
(8) Use a typical in-use fuel meeting the specifications of Sec.
1065.701(d).
(9) Use the lubricant and coolant specifications in Sec. Sec.
1065.740 and 1065.745.
(10) Use the analytical gases and other calibration standards in
Sec. 1065.750 and Sec. 1065.790.
(11) If you are testing with oxygenated fuels, use the procedures
specified for testing with oxygenated fuels in subpart I of this part.
(12) Apply the definitions and reference materials in subpart K of
this part.
(e) Laboratory testing using PEMS. You may use PEMS for testing in a
laboratory as described in Sec. 1065.901(b). Use the following
procedures and specifications when using PEMS for laboratory testing:
(1) Use the applicability and general provisions of subpart A of
this part.
(2) Use equipment specifications in subpart B of this part. Section
1065.910 specifies additional equipment specific to testing with PEMS.
(3) Use measurement instruments in subpart C of this part, except as
specified in Sec. 1065.915.
(4) Use calibrations and verifications in subpart D of this part,
except as specified in Sec. 1065.920. Section 1065.920 also specifies
additional calibration and verifications for PEMS.
(5) Use the provisions of Sec. 1065.401 for selecting engines for
testing. Use the provisions of subpart E of this part for maintaining
engines, except as specified in the standard-setting part.
(6) Use the procedures in subpart F of this part and in the
standard-setting part to start and run a laboratory test.
(7) Use the calculations in subpart G of this part to calculate
emissions over the applicable duty cycle. Section 1065.940 specifies
additional calculations for testing with PEMS.
(8) Use a fuel meeting the specifications of subpart H of this part,
as specified in the standard-setting part.
(9) Use the lubricant and coolant specifications in Sec. Sec.
1065.740 and 1065.745.
(10) Use the analytical gases and other calibration standards in
Sec. Sec. 1065.750 and 1065.790.
(11) If you are testing with oxygenated fuels, use the procedures
specified for testing with oxygenated fuels in subpart I of this part.
(12) Apply the definitions and reference materials in subpart K of
this part.
(f) Summary. The following table summarizes the requirements of
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.905--Summary of Testing Requirements Specified Outside of This Subpart J
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicability for
laboratory or similar Applicability for
Subpart Applicability for field testing with PEMS laboratory or similar
testing \1\ without restriction testing with PEMS with
\1\ restrictions \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A: Applicability and general Use all.................... Use all............... Use all.
provisions.
B: Equipment for testing........... Use Sec. 1065.101 and Use all............... Use all. Sec.
Sec. 1065.140 through 1065.910 specifies
the end of subpart B, equipment specific to
except Sec. laboratory testing
1065.140(e)(1) and (4), with PEMS.
Sec. 1065.170(c)(1)(vi),
and Sec. 1065.195(c).
Sec. 1065.910 specifies
equipment specific to
field testing.

[[Page 846]]

C: Measurement instruments......... Use all. Sec. 1065.915 Use all except Sec. Use all except Sec.
allows deviations. 1065.295(c). 1065.295(c). Sec.
1065.915 allows
deviations.
D: Calibrations and verifications.. Use all except Sec. Use all............... Use all. Sec.
1065.308 and Sec. 1065.920 allows
1065.309. Sec. 1065.920 deviations, but also
allows deviations, but has additional
also has additional specifications.
specifications.
E: Test engine selection, Do not use. Use standard- Use all............... Use all.
maintenance, and durability. setting part.
F: Running an emission test in the Use Sec. Sec. 1065.590 Use all............... Use all.
laboratory. and 1065.595 for PM Sec.
1065.930 and Sec.
1065.935 to start and run
a field test.
G: Calculations and data Use all. Sec. 1065.940 Use all............... Use all. Sec.
requirements. has additional calculation 1065.940 has
instructions. additional
calculation
instructions.
H: Fuels, engine fluids, analytical Use all.................... Use all............... Use all.
gases, and other calibration
materials.
I: Testing with oxygenated fuels... Use all.................... Use all............... Use all.
K: Definitions and reference Use all.................... Use all............... Use all.
materials.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Refer to paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section for complete specifications.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37344, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 68465, Nov. 8, 2010]

Sec. 1065.910 PEMS auxiliary equipment for field testing.

For field testing you may use various types of auxiliary equipment
to attach PEMS to a vehicle or engine and to power PEMS.
(a) When you use PEMS, you may route engine intake air or exhaust
through a flow meter. Route the engine intake air or exhaust as follows:
(1) Flexible connections. Use short flexible connectors where
necessary.
(i) You may use flexible connectors to enlarge or reduce the pipe
diameters to match that of your test equipment.
(ii) We recommend that you use flexible connectors that do not
exceed a length of three times their largest inside diameter.
(iii) We recommend that you use four-ply silicone-fiberglass fabric
with a temperature rating of at least 315 [deg]C for flexible
connectors. You may use connectors with a spring-steel wire helix for
support and you may use Nomex\TM\ coverings or linings for durability.
You may also use any other nonreactive material with equivalent
permeation-resistance and durability, as long as it seals tightly.
(iv) Use stainless-steel hose clamps to seal flexible connectors, or
use clamps that seal equivalently.
(v) You may use additional flexible connectors to connect to flow
meters.
(2) Tubing. Use rigid 300 series stainless steel tubing to connect
between flexible connectors. Tubing may be straight or bent to
accommodate vehicle geometry. You may use ``T'' or ``Y'' fittings made
of 300 series stainless steel tubing to join multiple connections, or
you may cap or plug redundant flow paths if the engine manufacturer
recommends it.
(3) Flow restriction. Use flow meters, connectors, and tubing that
do not increase flow restriction so much that it exceeds the
manufacturer's maximum specified value. You may verify this at the
maximum exhaust flow rate by measuring pressure at the manufacturer-
specified location with your system connected. You may also perform

[[Page 847]]

an engineering analysis to verify an acceptable configuration, taking
into account the maximum exhaust flow rate expected, the field test
system's flexible connectors, and the tubing's characteristics for
pressure drops versus flow.
(b) For vehicles or other motive equipment, we recommend installing
PEMS in the same location where a passenger might sit. Follow PEMS
manufacturer instructions for installing PEMS in cargo spaces, engine
spaces, or externally such that PEMS is directly exposed to the outside
environment. We recommend locating PEMS where it will be subject to
minimal sources of the following parameters:
(1) Ambient temperature changes.
(2) Ambient pressure changes.
(3) Electromagnetic radiation.
(4) Mechanical shock and vibration.
(5) Ambient hydrocarbons--if using a FID analyzer that uses ambient
air as FID burner air.
(c) Use mounting hardware as required for securing flexible
connectors, ambient sensors, and other equipment. Use structurally sound
mounting points such as vehicle frames, trailer hitch receivers, walk
spaces, and payload tie-down fittings. We recommend mounting hardware
such as clamps, suction cups, and magnets that are specifically designed
for your application. We also recommend considering mounting hardware
such as commercially available bicycle racks, trailer hitches, and
luggage racks where applicable.
(d) Field testing may require portable electrical power to run your
test equipment. Power your equipment, as follows:
(1) You may use electrical power from the vehicle, equipment, or
vessel, up to the highest power level, such that all the following are
true:
(i) The power system is capable of safely supplying power, such that
the power demand for testing does not overload the power system.
(ii) The engine emissions do not change significantly as a result of
the power demand for testing.
(iii) The power demand for testing does not increase output from the
engine by more than 1% of its maximum power.
(2) You may install your own portable power supply. For example, you
may use batteries, fuel cells, a portable generator, or any other power
supply to supplement or replace your use of vehicle power. You may
connect an external power source directly to the vehicle's, vessel's, or
equipment's power system; however, during a test interval (such as an
NTE event) you must not supply power to the vehicle's power system in
excess of 1% of the engine's maximum power.

[73 FR 37344, June 30, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23058, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1065.915 PEMS instruments.

(a) Instrument specifications. We recommend that you use PEMS that
meet the specifications of subpart C of this part. For unrestricted use
of PEMS in a laboratory or similar environment, use a PEMS that meets
the same specifications as each lab instrument it replaces. For field
testing or for testing with PEMS in a laboratory or similar environment,
under the provisions of Sec. 1065.905(b), the specifications in the
following table apply instead of the specifications in Table 1 of Sec.
1065.205:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.915--Recommended Minimum PEMS Measurement Instrument Performance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rise time, t10 90,
Measurement Measured quantity and fall time, Recording update Accuracy \1\ Repeatability \1\ Noise \1\
symbol t90 10 frequency
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine speed transducer......... fn................ 1 s............... 1 Hz means........ 5% of pt. or 1% of 2% of pt. or 1% of 0.5% of max.
max. max.
Engine torque estimator, BSFC T or BSFC......... 1 s............... 1 Hz means........ 8% of pt. or 5% of 2% of pt. or 1% of 1% of max.
(This is a signal from an max. max.
engine's ECM)

[[Page 848]]

General pressure transducer (not p................. 5 s............... 1 Hz.............. 5% of pt. or 5% of 2% of pt. or 0.5% 1% of max.
a part of another instrument) max. of max.
Atmospheric pressure meter patmos............ 50 s.............. 0.1 Hz............ 250 Pa............ 200 Pa............ 100 Pa.
General temperature sensor (not T................. 5 s............... 1 Hz.............. 1% of pt. K or 5 K 0.5% of pt. K or 2 0.5% of max 0.5 K.
a part of another instrument) K.
General dewpoint sensor......... Tdew.............. 50 s.............. 0.1 Hz............ 3 K............... 1 K............... 1 K.
Exhaust flow meter.............. n................. 1 s............... 1 Hz means........ 5% of pt. or 3% of 2% of pt.......... 2% of max.
max.
Dilution air, inlet air, n................. 1 s............... 1 Hz means........ 2.5% of pt. or 1.25% of pt. or 1% of max.
exhaust, and sample flow meters 1.5% of max. 0.75% of max.
Continuous gas analyzer......... x................. 5 s............... 1 Hz.............. 4% of pt. or 4% of 2% of pt. or 2% of 1% of max.
meas. meas.
Gravimetric PM balance.......... mPM............... N/A............... N/A............... See Sec. 0.5 [micro]g...... N/A.
1065.790.
Inertial PM balance............. mPM............... N/A............... N/A............... 4% of pt. or 4% of 2% of pt. or 2% of 1% of max.
meas. meas.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Accuracy, repeatability, and noise are all determined with the same collected data, as described in Sec. 1065.305, and based on absolute values.
``pt.'' refers to the overall flow-weighted mean value expected at the standard; ``max.'' refers to the peak value expected at the standard over any
test interval, not the maximum of the instrument's range; ``meas'' refers to the actual flow-weighted mean measured over any test interval.

(b) Redundant measurements. For all PEMS described in this subpart,
you may use data from multiple instruments to calculate test results for
a single test. If you use redundant systems, use good engineering
judgment to use multiple measured values in calculations or to disregard
individual measurements. Note that you must keep your results from all
measurements, as described in Sec. 1065.25. This requirement applies
whether or not you actually use the measurements in your calculations.
(c) Field-testing ambient effects on PEMS. We recommend that you use
PEMS that are only minimally affected by ambient conditions such as
temperature, pressure, humidity, physical orientation, mechanical shock
and vibration, electromagnetic radiation, and ambient hydrocarbons.
Follow the PEMS manufacturer's instructions for proper installation to
isolate PEMS from ambient conditions that affect their performance. If a
PEMS is inherently affected by ambient conditions that you cannot
control, you may monitor those conditions and adjust the PEMS signals to
compensate for the ambient effect. The standard-setting part may also
specify the use of one or more field-testing adjustments or measurement
allowances that you apply to results or standards to account for ambient
effects on PEMS.
(d) ECM signals. You may use signals from the engine's electronic
control module (ECM) in place of values measured by individual
instruments within a PEMS, subject to the following provisions:
(1) Recording ECM signals. If your ECM updates a broadcast signal
more or less frequently than 1 Hz, process data as follows:
(i) If your ECM updates a broadcast signal more frequently than 1
Hz, use PEMS to sample and record the signal's value more frequently.
Calculate and record the 1 Hz mean of the more frequently updated data.
(ii) If your ECM updates a broadcast signal less frequently than 1
Hz, use PEMS to sample and record the signal's value at the most
frequent rate. Linearly interpolate between recorded values and record
the interpolated values at 1 Hz.
(iii) Optionally, you may use PEMS to electronically filter the ECM
signals to meet the rise time and fall time specifications in Table 1 of
this section. Record the filtered signal at 1 Hz.
(2) Omitting ECM signals. Replace any discontinuous or irrational
ECM data

[[Page 849]]

with linearly interpolated values from adjacent data.
(3) Aligning ECM signals with other data. You must perform time-
alignment and dispersion of ECM signals, according to PEMS manufacturer
instructions and using good engineering judgment.
(4) ECM signals for determining test intervals. You may use any
combination of ECM signals, with or without other measurements, to
determine the start-time and end-time of a test interval.
(5) ECM signals for determining brake-specific emissions. You may
use any combination of ECM signals, with or without other measurements,
to estimate engine speed, torque, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC,
in units of mass of fuel per kW-hr), and fuel rate for use in brake-
specific emission calculations. We recommend that the overall
performance of any speed, torque, or BSFC estimator should meet the
performance specifications in Table 1 of this section. We recommend
using one of the following methods:
(i) Speed. Use the engine speed signal directly from the ECM. This
signal is generally accurate and precise. You may develop your own speed
algorithm based on other ECM signals.
(ii) Torque. Use one of the following:
(A) ECM torque. Use the engine-torque signal directly from the ECM,
if broadcast. Determine if this signal is proportional to indicated
torque or brake torque. If it is proportional to indicated torque,
subtract friction torque from indicated torque and record the result as
brake torque. Friction torque may be a separate signal broadcast from
the ECM or you may have to determine it from laboratory data as a
function of engine speed.
(B) ECM %-load. Use the %-load signal directly from the ECM, if
broadcast. Determine if this signal is proportional to indicated torque
or brake torque. If it is proportional to indicated torque, subtract the
minimum %-load value from the %-load signal. Multiply this result by the
maximum brake torque at the corresponding engine speed. Maximum brake
torque versus speed information is commonly published by the engine
manufacturer.
(C) Your algorithms. You may develop and use your own combination of
ECM signals to determine torque.
(iii) BSFC. Use one of the following:
(A) Use ECM engine speed and ECM fuel flow signals to interpolate
brake-specific fuel consumption data, which might be available from an
engine laboratory as a function of ECM engine speed and ECM fuel
signals.
(B) Use a single BSFC value that approximates the BSFC value over a
test interval (as defined in subpart K of this part). This value may be
a nominal BSFC value for all engine operation determined over one or
more laboratory duty cycles, or it may be any other BSFC that you
determine. If you use a nominal BSFC, we recommend that you select a
value based on the BSFC measured over laboratory duty cycles that best
represent the range of engine operation that defines a test interval for
field-testing. You may use the methods of this paragraph (d)(5)(iii)(B)
only if it does not adversely affect your ability to demonstrate
compliance with applicable standards.
(C) You may develop and use your own combination of ECM signals to
determine BSFC.
(iv) ECM fuel rate. Use the fuel rate signal directly from the ECM
and chemical balance to determine the molar flow rate of exhaust. Use
Sec. 1065.655(d) to determine the carbon mass fraction of fuel. You may
alternatively develop and use your own combination of ECM signals to
determine fuel mass flow rate.
(v) Other ECM signals. You may ask to use other ECM signals for
determining brake-specific emissions, such as ECM air flow. We must
approve the use of such signals in advance.
(6) Permissible deviations. ECM signals may deviate from the
specifications of this part 1065, but the expected deviation must not
prevent you from demonstrating that you meet the applicable standards.
For example, your emission results may be sufficiently below an
applicable standard, such that the deviation would not significantly
change the result. As another example, a very low engine-coolant
temperature may define a logical statement that determines when a test
interval may start. In this case, even if the ECM's

[[Page 850]]

sensor for detecting coolant temperature was not very accurate or
repeatable, its output would never deviate so far as to significantly
affect when a test interval may start.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37344, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59342, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 68466, Nov. 8, 2010; 76 FR 57467, Sept.
15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.920 PEMS calibrations and verifications.

(a) Subsystem calibrations and verifications. Use all the applicable
calibrations and verifications in subpart D of this part, including the
linearity verifications in Sec. 1065.307, to calibrate and verify PEMS.
Note that a PEMS does not have to meet the system-response and updating-
recording verifications of Sec. Sec. 1065.308 and 1065.309 if it meets
the overall verification described in paragraph (b) of this section.
This section does not apply to ECM signals.
(b) Overall verification. We require only that you maintain a record
showing that the particular make, model, and configuration of your PEMS
meets this verification. We recommend that you generate your own record
to show that your specific PEMS meets this verification, but you may
also rely on data and other information from the PEMS manufacturer. If
you upgrade or change the configuration of your PEMS, your record must
show that your new configuration meets this verification. The
verification consists of operating an engine over a duty cycle in the
laboratory and statistically comparing data generated and recorded by
the PEMS with data simultaneously generated and recorded by laboratory
equipment as follows:
(1) Mount an engine on a dynamometer for laboratory testing. Prepare
the laboratory and PEMS for emission testing, as described in this part,
to get simultaneous measurements. We recommend selecting an engine with
emission levels close to the applicable duty-cycle standards, if
possible.
(2) Select or create a duty cycle that has all the following
characteristics:
(i) Engine operation that represents normal in-use speeds, loads,
and degree of transient activity. Consider using data from previous
field tests to generate a cycle.
(ii) A duration of (20 to 40) min.
(iii) At least 50% of engine operating time must include at least 10
valid test intervals for calculating emission levels for field testing.
For example, for highway compression-ignition engines, select a duty
cycle in which at least 50% of the engine operating time can be used to
calculate valid NTE events.
(3) Starting with a warmed-up engine, run a valid emission test with
the duty cycle from paragraph (b)(2) of this section. The laboratory and
PEMS must both meet applicable validation requirements, such as drift
validation, hydrocarbon contamination validation, and proportional
validation.
(4) Determine the brake-specific emissions for each test interval
for both laboratory and the PEMS measurements, as follows:
(i) For both laboratory and PEMS measurements, use identical values
to determine the beginning and end of each test interval.
(ii) For both laboratory and PEMS measurements, use identical values
to determine total work over each test interval.
(iii) If the standard-setting part specifies the use of a
measurement allowance for field testing, also apply the measurement
allowance during calibration using good engineering judgment. If the
measurement allowance is normally added to the standard, this means you
must subtract the measurement allowance from the measured PEMS brake-
specific emission result.
(iv) Round results to the same number of significant digits as the
standard.
(5) Repeat the engine duty cycle and calculations until you have at
least 100 valid test intervals.
(6) For each test interval and emission, subtract the lab result
from the PEMS result.
(7) The PEMS passes this verification if any one of the following
are true for each constituent:
(i) 91% or more of the differences are zero or less than zero.

[[Page 851]]

(ii) The entire set of test-interval results passes the 95%
confidence alternate-procedure statistics for field testing (t-test and
F-test) specified in subpart A of this part.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37345, June 30, 2008;
75 FR 68467, Nov. 8, 2010]

Sec. 1065.925 PEMS preparation for field testing.

Take the following steps to prepare PEMS for field testing:
(a) Verify that ambient conditions at the start of the test are
within the limits specified in the standard-setting part. Continue to
monitor these values to determine if ambient conditions exceed the
limits during the test.
(b) Install a PEMS and any accessories needed to conduct a field
test.
(c) Power the PEMS and allow pressures, temperatures, and flows to
stabilize to their operating set points.
(d) Bypass or purge any gaseous sampling PEMS instruments with
ambient air until sampling begins to prevent system contamination from
excessive cold-start emissions.
(e) Conduct calibrations and verifications.
(f) Operate any PEMS dilution systems at their expected flow rates
using a bypass.
(g) If you use a gravimetric balance to determine whether an engine
meets an applicable PM standard, follow the procedures for PM sample
preconditioning and tare weighing as described in Sec. 1065.590.
Operate the PM-sampling system at its expected flow rates using a
bypass.
(h) Verify the amount of contamination in the PEMS HC sampling
system before the start of the field test as follows:
(1) Select the HC analyzer range for measuring the maximum
concentration expected at the HC standard.
(2) Zero the HC analyzers using a zero gas or ambient air introduced
at the analyzer port. When zeroing a FID, use the FID's burner air that
would be used for in-use measurements (generally either ambient air or a
portable source of burner air).
(3) Span the HC analyzer using span gas introduced at the analyzer
port.
(4) Overflow zero or ambient air at the HC probe inlet or into a tee
near the probe outlet.
(5) Measure the HC concentration in the sampling system:
(i) For continuous sampling, record the mean HC concentration as
overflow zero air flows.
(ii) For batch sampling, fill the sample medium and record its mean
concentration.
(6) Record this value as the initial HC concentration,
xTHCinit, and use it to correct measured values as described
in Sec. 1065.660.
(7) If the initial HC concentration exceeds the greater of the
following values, determine the source of the contamination and take
corrective action, such as purging the system or replacing contaminated
portions:
(i) 2% of the flow-weighted mean concentration expected at the
standard or measured during testing.
(ii) 2 [micro]mol/mol.
(8) If corrective action does not resolve the deficiency, you may
use a contaminated HC system if it does not prevent you from
demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission standards.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37345, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59342, Oct. 8, 2008; 75 FR 68467, Nov. 8, 2010; 76 FR 57467, Sept.
15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.930 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown.

Unless the standard-setting part specifies otherwise, start,
restart, and shut down the test engine for field testing as follows:
(a) Start or restart the engine as described in the owners manual.
(b) If the engine does not start after 15 seconds of cranking, stop
cranking and determine the reason it failed to start. However, you may
crank the engine longer than 15 seconds, as long as the owners manual or
the service-repair manual describes the longer cranking time as normal.
(c) Respond to engine stalling with the following steps:
(1) If the engine stalls during a required warm-up before emission
sampling begins, restart the engine and continue warm-up.

[[Page 852]]

(2) If the engine stalls at any other time after emission sampling
begins, restart the engine and continue testing.
(d) Shut down and restart the engine according to the manufacturer's
specifications, as needed during normal operation in-use, but continue
emission sampling until the field test is complete.

Sec. 1065.935 Emission test sequence for field testing.

(a) Time the start of field testing as follows:
(1) If the standard-setting part requires only hot-stabilized
emission measurements, operate the engine in-use until the engine
coolant, block, or head absolute temperature is within 10% of its mean value for the previous 2 min or until an
engine thermostat controls engine temperature with coolant or air flow.
(2) If the standard-setting part requires hot-start emission
measurements, shut down the engine after at least 2 min at the
temperature tolerance specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
Start the field test within 20 min of engine shutdown.
(3) If the standard-setting part requires cold-start emission
measurements, proceed to the steps specified in paragraph (b) of this
section.
(b) Take the following steps before emission sampling begins:
(1) For batch sampling, connect clean storage media, such as
evacuated bags or tare-weighed PM sample media.
(2) Operate the PEMS according to the instrument manufacturer's
instructions and using good engineering judgment.
(3) Operate PEMS heaters, dilution systems, sample pumps, cooling
fans, and the data-collection system.
(4) Pre-heat or pre-cool PEMS heat exchangers in the sampling system
to within their tolerances for operating temperatures.
(5) Allow all other PEMS components such as sample lines, filters,
and pumps to stabilize at operating temperature.
(6) Verify that no significant vacuum-side leak exists in the PEMS,
as described in Sec. 1065.345.
(7) Adjust PEMS flow rates to desired levels, using bypass flow if
applicable.
(8) Zero and span all PEMS gas analyzers using NIST-traceable gases
that meet the specifications of Sec. 1065.750.
(c) Start testing as follows:
(1) Before the start of the first test interval, zero or re-zero any
PEMS electronic integrating devices, as needed.
(2) If the engine is already running and warmed up and starting is
not part of field testing, start the field test by simultaneously
starting to sample exhaust, record engine and ambient data, and
integrate measured values using a PEMS.
(3) If engine starting is part of field testing, start field testing
by simultaneously starting to sample from the exhaust system, record
engine and ambient data, and integrate measured values using a PEMS.
Then start the engine.
(d) Continue the test as follows:
(1) Continue to sample exhaust, record data and integrate measured
values throughout normal in-use operation of the engine.
(2) Between each test interval, zero or re-zero any electronic
integrating devices, and reset batch storage media, as needed.
(3) The engine may be stopped and started, but continue to sample
emissions throughout the entire field test.
(4) Conduct periodic verifications such as zero and span
verifications on PEMS gas analyzers, as recommended by the PEMS
manufacturer or as indicated by good engineering judgment. Results from
these verifications will be used to calculate and correct for drift
according to paragraph (g) of this section. Do not include data recorded
during verifications in emission calculations.
(5) You may periodically condition and analyze batch samples in-
situ, including PM samples; for example you may condition an inertial PM
balance substrate if you use an inertial balance to measure PM.
(6) You may have personnel monitoring and adjusting the PEMS during
a test, or you may operate the PEMS unattended.
(e) Stop testing as follows:
(1) Continue sampling as needed to get an appropriate amount of
emission

[[Page 853]]

measurement, according to the standard setting part. If the standard-
setting part does not describe when to stop sampling, develop a written
protocol before you start testing to establish how you will stop
sampling. You may not determine when to stop testing based on emission
results.
(2) At the end of the field test, allow the sampling systems'
response times to elapse and then stop sampling. Stop any integrators
and indicate the end of the test cycle on the data-collection medium.
(3) You may shut down the engine before or after you stop sampling.
(f) For any proportional batch sample, such as a bag sample or PM
sample, verify for each test interval whether or not proportional
sampling was maintained according to Sec. 1065.545. Void the sample for
any test interval that did not maintain proportional sampling according
to Sec. 1065.545.
(g) Take the following steps after emission sampling is complete:
(1) As soon as practical after the emission sampling, analyze any
gaseous batch samples.
(2) If you used dilution air, either analyze background samples or
assume that background emissions were zero. Refer to Sec. 1065.140 for
dilution-air specifications.
(3) After quantifying all exhaust gases, record mean analyzer values
after stabilizing a zero gas to each analyzer, then record mean analyzer
values after stabilizing the span gas to the analyzer. Stabilization may
include time to purge an analyzer of any sample gas, plus any additional
time to account for analyzer response. Use these recorded values to
correct for drift as described in Sec. 1065.550.
(4) Invalidate any test intervals that do not meet the range
criteria in Sec. 1065.550. Note that it is acceptable that analyzers
exceed 100% of their ranges when measuring emissions between test
intervals, but not during test intervals. You do not have to retest an
engine in the field if the range criteria are not met.
(5) Invalidate any test intervals that do not meet the drift
criterion in Sec. 1065.550. For NMHC, invalidate any test intervals if
the difference between the uncorrected and the corrected brake-specific
NMHC emission values are within 10% of the
uncorrected results or the applicable standard, whichever is greater.
For test intervals that do meet the drift criterion, correct those test
intervals for drift according to Sec. 1065.672 and use the drift
corrected results in emissions calculations.
(6) Unless you weighed PM in-situ, such as by using an inertial PM
balance, place any used PM samples into covered or sealed containers and
return them to the PM-stabilization environment and weigh them as
described in Sec. 1065.595.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37345, June 30, 2008]

Sec. 1065.940 Emission calculations.

(a) Perform emission calculations as described in Sec. 1065.650 to
calculate brake-specific emissions for each test interval using any
applicable information and instructions in the standard-setting part.
(b) You may use a fixed molar mass for the diluted exhaust mixture
for field testing. Determine this fixed value by engineering analysis.

[75 FR 68467, Nov. 8, 2010]

Subpart K_Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1065.1001 Definitions.

The definitions in this section apply to this part. The definitions
apply to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have
the meaning the Act gives them. The definitions follow:
300 series stainless steel means any stainless steel alloy with a
Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys number designated from
S30100 to S39000. For all instances in this part where we specify 300
series stainless steel, such parts must also have a smooth inner-wall
construction. We recommend an average roughness, Ra, no
greater than 4 [micro]m.
Accuracy means the absolute difference between a reference quantity
and the arithmetic mean of ten mean measurements of that quantity.
Determine instrument accuracy, repeatability, and noise from the same
data

[[Page 854]]

set. We specify a procedure for determining accuracy in Sec. 1065.305.
Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.
Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design
that someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access)
and that, if adjusted, may affect emissions or engine performance during
emission testing or normal in-use operation. This includes, but is not
limited to, parameters related to injection timing and fueling rate. In
some cases, this may exclude a parameter that is difficult to access if
it cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without significantly
degrading engine performance, or if it will not be adjusted in a way
that affects emissions during in-use operation.
Aerodynamic diameter means the diameter of a spherical water droplet
that settles at the same constant velocity as the particle being
sampled.
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream
of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to
decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the
environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) and turbochargers are not
aftertreatment.
Allowed procedures means procedures that we either specify in this
part 1065 or in the standard-setting part or approve under Sec.
1065.10.
Alternate procedures means procedures allowed under Sec.
1065.10(c)(7).
Applicable standard means an emission standard to which an engine is
subject; or a family emission limit to which an engine is certified
under an emission credit program in the standard-setting part.
Aqueous condensation means the precipitation of water-containing
constituents from a gas phase to a liquid phase. Aqueous condensation is
a function of humidity, pressure, temperature, and concentrations of
other constituents such as sulfuric acid. These parameters vary as a
function of engine intake-air humidity, dilution-air humidity, engine
air-to-fuel ratio, and fuel composition--including the amount of
hydrogen and sulfur in the fuel.
Atmospheric pressure means the wet, absolute, atmospheric static
pressure. Note that if you measure atmospheric pressure in a duct, you
must ensure that there are negligible pressure losses between the
atmosphere and your measurement location, and you must account for
changes in the duct's static pressure resulting from the flow.
Auto-ranging means a gas analyzer function that automatically
changes the analyzer digital resolution to a larger range of
concentrations as the concentration approaches 100% of the analyzer's
current range. Auto-ranging does not mean changing an analog amplifier
gain within an analyzer.
Auxiliary emission-control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or any
other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission-control system.
Brake power has the meaning given in the standard-setting part. If
it is not defined in the standard-setting part, brake power means the
usable power output of the engine, not including power required to fuel,
lubricate, or heat the engine, circulate coolant to the engine, or to
operate aftertreatment devices. If the engine does not power these
accessories during a test, subtract the work required to perform these
functions from the total work used in brake-specific emission
calculations. Subtract engine fan work from total work only for air-
cooled engines.
C1 equivalent (or basis) means a convention of expressing
HC concentrations based on the total number of carbon atoms present,
such that the C1 equivalent of a molar HC concentration
equals the molar concentration multiplied by the mean number of carbon
atoms in each HC molecule. For example, the C1 equivalent of
10 [micro]mol/mol of propane (C3H8) is 30
[micro]mol/mol. C1 equivalent molar values may be denoted as
``ppmC'' in the standard-setting part.
Calibration means the process of setting a measurement system's
response so that its output agrees with a range

[[Page 855]]

of reference signals. Contrast with ``verification''.
Calibration gas means a purified gas mixture used to calibrate gas
analyzers. Calibration gases must meet the specifications of Sec.
1065.750. Note that calibration gases and span gases are qualitatively
the same, but differ in terms of their primary function. Various
performance verification checks for gas analyzers and sample handling
components might refer to either calibration gases or span gases.
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in the standard-setting part.
Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine.
Confidence interval means the range associated with a probability
that a quantity will be considered statistically equivalent to a
reference quantity.
Constant-speed engine means an engine whose certification is limited
to constant-speed operation. Engines whose constant-speed governor
function is removed or disabled are no longer constant-speed engines.
Constant-speed operation means engine operation with a governor that
automatically controls the operator demand to maintain engine speed,
even under changing load. Governors do not always maintain speed exactly
constant. Typically speed can decrease (0.1 to 10) % below the speed at
zero load, such that the minimum speed occurs near the engine's point of
maximum power. (Note: An engine with an adjustable governor setting may
be considered to operate at constant speed, subject to our approval. For
such engines, the governor setting is considered an adjustable
parameter.)
Coriolis meter means a flow-measurement instrument that determines
the mass flow of a fluid by sensing the vibration and twist of specially
designed flow tubes as the flow passes through them. The twisting
characteristic is called the Coriolis effect. According to Newton's
Second Law of Motion, the amount of sensor tube twist is directly
proportional to the mass flow rate of the fluid flowing through the
tube. See Sec. 1065.220.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Director, Compliance and
Innovative Strategies Division (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Dewpoint means a measure of humidity stated as the equilibrium
temperature at which water condenses under a given pressure from moist
air with a given absolute humidity. Dewpoint is specified as a
temperature in [deg]C or K, and is valid only for the pressure at which
it is measured. See Sec. 1065.645 to determine water vapor mole
fractions from dewpoints using the pressure at which the dewpoint is
measured.
Dilution ratio (DR) means the amount of diluted exhaust per amount
of undiluted exhaust.
Discrete-mode means relating to a discrete-mode type of steady-state
test, as described in the standard-setting part.
Dispersion means either:
(1) The broadening and lowering of a signal due to any fluid
capacitance, fluid mixing, or electronic filtering in a sampling system.
(Note: To adjust a signal so its dispersion matches that of another
signal, you may adjust the system's fluid capacitance, fluid mixing, or
electronic filtering.)
(2) The mixing of a fluid, especially as a result of fluid
mechanical forces or chemical diffusion.
Drift means the difference between a zero or calibration signal and
the respective value reported by a measurement instrument immediately
after it was used in an emission test, as long as you zeroed and spanned
the instrument just before the test.
Duty cycle means one of the following:
(1) A series of speed and torque values (or power values) that an
engine must follow during a laboratory test. Duty cycles are specified
in the standard-setting part. A single duty cycle may consist of one or
more test intervals. A series of speed and torque values meeting the
definition of this paragraph (1) may also be considered a test cycle.
For example, a duty cycle may be a ramped-modal cycle, which has one
test interval; a cold-start plus hot-

[[Page 856]]

start transient cycle, which has two test intervals; or a discrete-mode
cycle, which has one test interval for each mode.
(2) A set of weighting factors and the corresponding speed and
torque values, where the weighting factors are used to combine the
results of multiple test intervals into a composite result.
Electric power generation application means an application whose
purpose is to generate a precise frequency of electricity, which is
characterized by an engine that controls engine speed very precisely.
This would generally not apply to welders or portable home generators.
Electronic control module means an engine's electronic device that
uses data from engine sensors to control engine parameters.
Emission-control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants
from an engine.
Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for
certification. This includes engines tested to establish deterioration
factors.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
Engine means an engine to which this part applies.
Engine family means a group of engines with similar emission
characteristics throughout the useful life, as specified in the
standard-setting part.
Engine governed speed means the engine operating speed when it is
controlled by the installed governor.
Exhaust-gas recirculation means a technology that reduces emissions
by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion
chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or
during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of
residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with
incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust-gas
recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Fall time, t90-10, means the time interval of a
measurement instrument's response after any step decrease to the input
between the following points:
(1) The point at which the response has fallen 10% of the total
amount it will fall in response to the step change.
(2) The point at which the response has fallen 90% of the total
amount it will fall in response to the step change.
Flow-weighted mean means the mean of a quantity after it is weighted
proportional to a corresponding flow rate. For example, if a gas
concentration is measured continuously from the raw exhaust of an
engine, its flow-weighted mean concentration is the sum of the products
of each recorded concentration times its respective exhaust flow rate,
divided by the sum of the recorded flow rates. As another example, the
bag concentration from a CVS system is the same as the flow-weighted
mean concentration, because the CVS system itself flow-weights the bag
concentration.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or LPG.
There can be multiple grades within a single type of fuel, such as all-
season and winter-grade gasoline.
Good engineering judgment means judgments made consistent with
generally accepted scientific and engineering principles and all
available relevant information. See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative
process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment.
HEPA filter means high-efficiency particulate air filters that are
rated to achieve a minimum initial particle-removal efficiency of 99.97%
using ASTM F 1471-93 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1065.1010).
High-idle speed means the engine speed at which an engine governor
function controls engine speed with operator demand at maximum and with
zero load applied. ``Warm high-idle speed'' is the high-idle speed of a
warmed-up engine.
High-speed governor means any device, system, or element of design
that modulates the engine output torque for the purpose of limiting the
maximum engine speed.
Hydraulic diameter means the diameter of a circle whose area is
equal to the area of a noncircular cross section of tubing, including
its wall thickness. The wall thickness is included only for

[[Page 857]]

the purpose of facilitating a simplified and nonintrusive measurement.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means THC, THCE, NMHC, or NMHCE, as applicable.
Hydrocarbon generally means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each type of fuel and engine.
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular engine from other similar engines.
Idle speed means the engine speed at which an engine governor
function controls engine speed with operator demand at minimum and with
minimum load applied (greater than or equal to zero). For engines
without a governor function that controls idle speed, idle speed means
the manufacturer-declared value for lowest engine speed possible with
minimum load. This definition does not apply for operation designated as
``high-idle speed.'' ``Warm idle speed'' is the idle speed of a warmed-
up engine.
Intermediate test speed has the meaning given in Sec. 1065.610.
Linearity means the degree to which measured values agree with
respective reference values. Linearity is quantified using a linear
regression of pairs of measured values and reference values over a range
of values expected or observed during testing. Perfect linearity would
result in an intercept, a0, equal to zero, a slope, a1, of one, a
coefficient of determination, r\2\, of one, and a standard error of the
estimate, SEE, of zero. The term ``linearity'' is not used in this part
to refer to the shape of a measurement instrument's unprocessed response
curve, such as a curve relating emission concentration to voltage
output. A properly performing instrument with a nonlinear response curve
will meet linearity specifications.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures an engine or
vehicle for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new
nonroad engine into commerce in the United States. This includes
importers who import engines or vehicles for resale.
Maximum test speed has the meaning given in Sec. 1065.610.
Maximum test torque has the meaning given in Sec. 1065.610.
Measurement allowance means a specified adjustment in the applicable
emission standard or a measured emission value to reflect the relative
quality of the measurement. See the standard-setting part to determine
whether any measurement allowances apply for your testing. Measurement
allowances generally apply only for field testing and are intended to
account for reduced accuracy or precision that result from using field-
grade measurement systems.
Mode means one of the following:
(1) A distinct combination of engine speed and load for steady-state
testing.
(2) A continuous combination of speeds and loads specifying a
transition during a ramped-modal test.
(3) A distinct operator demand setting, such as would occur when
testing locomotives or constant-speed engines.
NIST-accepted means relating to a value that has been assigned or
named by NIST.
NIST-traceable means relating to a standard value that can be
related to NIST-stated references through an unbroken chain of
comparisons, all having stated uncertainties, as specified in NIST
Technical Note 1297 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1065.1010).
Allowable uncertainty limits specified for NIST-traceability refer to
the propagated uncertainty specified by NIST. You may ask to use other
internationally recognized standards that are equivalent to NIST
standards.
Noise means the precision of 30 seconds of updated recorded values
from a measurement instrument as it quantifies a zero or reference
value. Determine instrument noise, repeatability, and accuracy from the
same data set. We specify a procedure for determining noise in Sec.
1065.305.
Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) means the sum of all hydrocarbon
species except methane. Refer to Sec. 1065.660 for NMHC determination.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE) means the sum of the
carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated nonmethane hydrocarbons,
alcohols

[[Page 858]]

and aldehydes, or other organic compounds that are measured separately
as contained in a gas sample, expressed as exhaust nonmethane
hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled engines. The hydrogen-to-carbon ratio
of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning we give in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general
this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle engines,
stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used
in aircraft.
Open crankcase emissions means any flow from an engine's crankcase
that is emitted directly into the environment. Crankcase emissions are
not ``open crankcase emissions'' if the engine is designed to always
route all crankcase emissions back into the engine (for example, through
the intake system or an aftertreatment system) such that all the
crankcase emissions, or their products, are emitted into the environment
only through the engine exhaust system.
Operator demand means an engine operator's input to control engine
output. The ``operator'' may be a person (i.e., manual), or a governor
(i.e., automatic) that mechanically or electronically signals an input
that demands engine output. Input may be from an accelerator pedal or
signal, a throttle-control lever or signal, a fuel lever or signal, a
speed lever or signal, or a governor setpoint or signal. Output means
engine power, P, which is the product of engine speed, fn, and engine
torque, T.
Oxides of nitrogen means NO and NO2 as measured by the
procedures specified in Sec. 1065.270. Oxides of nitrogen are expressed
quantitatively as if the NO is in the form of NO2, such that
you use an effective molar mass for all oxides of nitrogen equivalent to
that of NO2.
Oxygenated fuels means fuels composed of oxygen-containing
compounds, such as ethanol or methanol. Testing engines that use
oxygenated fuels generally requires the use of the sampling methods in
subpart I of this part. However, you should read the standard-setting
part and subpart I of this part to determine appropriate sampling
methods.
Partial pressure means the pressure, p, attributable to a single gas
in a gas mixture. For an ideal gas, the partial pressure divided by the
total pressure is equal to the constituent's molar concentration, x.
Percent (%) means a representation of exactly 0.01. Numbers
expressed as percentages in this part (such as a tolerance of 2%) have infinite precision, so 2% and 2.000000000% have
the same meaning. This means that where we specify some percentage of a
total value, the calculated value has the same number of significant
digits as the total value. For example, 2% of a span value where the
span value is 101.3302 is 2.026604.
Portable emission measurement system (PEMS) means a measurement
system consisting of portable equipment that can be used to generate
brake-specific emission measurements during field testing or laboratory
testing.
Precision means two times the standard deviation of a set of
measured values of a single zero or reference quantity.
Procedures means all aspects of engine testing, including the
equipment specifications, calibrations, calculations and other protocols
and specifications needed to measure emissions, unless we specify
otherwise.
Proving ring is a device used to measure static force based on the
linear relationship between stress and strain in an elastic material. It
is typically a steel alloy ring, and you measure the deflection (strain)
of its diameter when a static force (stress) is applied across its
diameter.
PTFE means polytetrafluoroethylene, commonly known as Teflon\TM\.
Ramped-modal means relating to a ramped-modal type of steady-state
test, as described in the standard-setting part.
Recommend has the meaning given in Sec. 1065.201.
Regression statistics means any of the regression statistics
specified in Sec. 1065.602.
Repeatability means the precision of ten mean measurements of a
reference

[[Page 859]]

quantity. Determine instrument repeatability, accuracy, and noise from
the same data set. We specify a procedure for determining repeatability
in Sec. 1065.305.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
Rise time, t10-90, means the time interval of a
measurement instrument's response after any step increase to the input
between the following points:
(1) The point at which the response has risen 10% of the total
amount it will rise in response to the step change.
(2) The point at which the response has risen 90% of the total
amount it will rise in response to the step change.
Roughness (or average roughness, Ra) means the size of finely
distributed vertical surface deviations from a smooth surface, as
determined when traversing a surface. It is an integral of the absolute
value of the roughness profile measured over an evaluation length.
Round means to apply the rounding convention specified in Sec.
1065.20(e), unless otherwise specified.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically
to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing
prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to
correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic
maintenance is not appropriate.
Shared atmospheric pressure meter means an atmospheric pressure
meter whose output is used as the atmospheric pressure for an entire
test facility that has more than one dynamometer test cell.
Shared humidity measurement means a humidity measurement that is
used as the humidity for an entire test facility that has more than one
dynamometer test cell.
Span means to adjust an instrument so that it gives a proper
response to a calibration standard that represents between 75% and 100%
of the maximum value in the instrument range or expected range of use.
Span gas means a purified gas mixture used to span gas analyzers.
Span gases must meet the specifications of Sec. 1065.750. Note that
calibration gases and span gases are qualitatively the same, but differ
in terms of their primary function. Various performance verification
checks for gas analyzers and sample handling components might refer to
either calibration gases or span gases.
Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Special procedures means procedures allowed under Sec.
1065.10(c)(2).
Specified procedures means procedures we specify in this part 1065
or the standard-setting part. Other procedures allowed or required by
Sec. 1065.10(c) are not specified procedures.
Standard deviation has the meaning given in Sec. 1065.602. Note
this is the standard deviation for a non-biased sample.
Standard-setting part means the part in the Code of Federal
Regulations that defines emission standards for a particular engine. See
Sec. 1065.1(a).
Steady-state means relating to emission tests in which engine speed
and load are held at a finite set of nominally constant values. Steady-
state tests are either discrete-mode tests or ramped-modal tests.
Stoichiometric means relating to the particular ratio of air and
fuel such that if the fuel were fully oxidized, there would be no
remaining fuel or oxygen. For example, stoichiometric combustion in a
gasoline-fueled engine typically occurs at an air-to-fuel mass ratio of
about 14.7:1.
Storage medium means a particulate filter, sample bag, or any other
storage device used for batch sampling.
t0-50 means the time interval of a measurement system's
response after any step increase to the input between the following
points:
(1) The point at which the step change is initiated at the sample
probe.
(2) The point at which the response has risen 50% of the total
amount it will rise in response to the step change.

[[Page 860]]

t100-50 means the time interval of a measurement system's
response after any step decrease to the input between the following
points:
(1) The point at which the step change is initiated at the sample
probe.
(2) The point at which the response has fallen 50% of the total
amount it will fall in response to the step change.
Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
Test interval means a duration of time over which you determine
brake-specific emissions. For example, the standard-setting part may
specify a complete laboratory duty cycle as a cold-start test interval,
plus a hot-start test interval. As another example, a standard-setting
part may specify a field-test interval, such as a ``not-to-exceed''
(NTE) event, as a duration of time over which an engine operates within
a certain range of speed and torque. In cases where multiple test
intervals occur over a duty cycle, the standard-setting part may specify
additional calculations that weight and combine results to arrive at
composite values for comparison against the applicable standards.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an engine family for emission testing.
Tolerance means the interval in which at least 95% of a set of
recorded values of a certain quantity must lie. Use the specified
recording frequencies and time intervals to determine if a quantity is
within the applicable tolerance. The concept of tolerance is intended to
address random variability. You may not take advantage of the tolerance
specification to incorporate a bias into a measurement.
Total hydrocarbon (THC) means the combined mass of organic compounds
measured by the specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon,
expressed as a hydrocarbon with a hydrogen-to-carbon mass ratio of
1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) means the sum of the carbon mass
contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or
other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in a
gas sample, expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled
engines. The hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is
1.85:1.
Transformation time, t50, means the overall system
response time to any step change in input, generally the average of the
time to reach 50% response to a step increase, t0-50, or to a
step decrease, t100-50.
Uncertainty means uncertainty with respect to NIST-traceability. See
the definition of NIST-traceable in this section.
United States means the States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Useful life means the period during which a new engine is required
to comply with all applicable emission standards. The standard-setting
part defines the specific useful-life periods for individual engines.
Variable-speed engine means an engine that is not a constant-speed
engine.
Vehicle means any vehicle, vessel, or type of equipment using
engines to which this part applies. For purposes of this part, the term
``vehicle'' may include nonmotive machines or equipment such as a pump
or generator.
Verification means to evaluate whether or not a measurement system's
outputs agree with a range of applied reference signals to within one or
more predetermined thresholds for acceptance. Contrast with
``calibration''.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.
Work has the meaning given in Sec. 1065.110.
Zero means to adjust an instrument so it gives a zero response to a
zero calibration standard, such as purified nitrogen or purified air for
measuring concentrations of emission constituents.
Zero gas means a gas that yields a zero response in an analyzer.
This may either be purified nitrogen, purified air, a combination of
purified air and

[[Page 861]]

purified nitrogen. For field testing, zero gas may include ambient air.

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37346, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59342, Oct. 8, 2008; 74 FR 8428, Feb. 24, 2009; 74 FR 56518, Oct.
30, 2009; 75 FR 23058, Apr. 30, 2010; 76 FR 57467, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.1005 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure.

The procedures in this part generally follow the International
System of Units (SI), as detailed in NIST Special Publication 811, which
we incorporate by reference in Sec. 1065.1010. See Sec. 1065.20 for
specific provisions related to these conventions. This section
summarizes the way we use symbols, units of measure, and other
abbreviations.
(a) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols and
units of measure for various quantities:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Units in terms of SI
Symbol Quantity Unit Unit symbol base units
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[alpha]........ atomic hydrogen to mole per mole......... mol/mol 1
carbon ratio.
A.............. area.................. square meter.......... m \2\ m \2\
A0............. intercept of least ...................... .......................
squares regression.
A1............. slope of least squares ...................... .......................
regression.
[beta]......... ratio of diameters.... meter per meter....... m/m 1
[beta]......... atomic oxygen to mole per mole......... mol/mol 1
carbon ratio.
C#............. number of carbon atoms ...................... .......................
in a molecule.
d.............. Diameter.............. meter................. m m
DR............. dilution ratio........ mole per mol.......... mol/mol 1
[epsi]......... error between a ...................... .......................
quantity and its
reference.
e.............. brake-specific gram per kilowatt hour g/(kW[middot]hr) g[middot]3.6-1
emission or fuel [middot]
consumption. 10\6\[middot] m-
2[middot]
kg[middot]s\2\
F.............. F-test statistic...... ...................... .......................
f.............. frequency............. hertz................. Hz s-1
fn............. angular speed (shaft). revolutions per minute r/min 2[middot][pi][middot]6
0-1[middot]
m[middot]m-1
x[middot]s-1
[gamma]........ ratio of specific (joule per kilogram (J/(kg[middot]K))/(J/ 1
heats. kelvin) per (joule (kg[middot]K))
per kilogram kelvin).
K.............. correction factor..... ...................... ....................... 1
l.............. length................ meter................. m m
[micro]........ viscosity, dynamic.... pascal second......... Pa[middot]s m-1[middot]kg[middot]s
M.............. molar mass\1\......... gram per mole......... g/mol 10-
3[middot]kg[middot]mo
l-1
m.............. mass.................. kilogram.............. kg kg
m.............. mass rate............. kilogram per second... kg/s kg[middot]s-1
[nu]........... viscosity, kinematic.. meter squared per m-2/s m-2[middot]s-1
second.
N.............. total number in series ...................... .......................
n.............. amount of substance... mole.................. mol mol
[eta].......... amount of substance mole per second....... mol/s mol[middot]s-1
rate.
P.............. power................. kilowatt.............. kW 10\3\[middot]m\2\[midd
ot]kg[middot]s-3
PF............. penetration fraction.. ...................... .......................
p.............. pressure.............. pascal................ Pa m-1[middot]kg[middot]s-
2
[rho].......... mass density.......... kilogram per cubic kg/m\3\ kg[middot]m-3
meter.
r.............. ratio of pressures.... pascal per pascal..... Pa/Pa 1
R2............. coefficient of ...................... .......................
determination.
Ra............. average surface micrometer............ [micro]m 10--6 m
roughness.
Re#............ Reynolds number....... ...................... .......................
RF............. response factor....... ...................... .......................
RH............. relative humidity..... ...................... .......................
[sigma]........ non-biased standard ...................... .......................
deviation.
S.............. Sutherland constant... kelvin................ K K
SEE............ standard estimate of ...................... .......................
error.
T.............. absolute temperature.. kelvin................ K K
T.............. Celsius temperature... degree Celsius........ [deg]C K-273.15
T.............. torque (moment of newton meter.......... N[middot]m m-2[middot]kg[middot]s-
force). 2

[[Page 862]]

t.............. time.................. second................ s s
[Delta]t....... time interval, period, second................ s s
1/frequency.
V.............. volume................ cubic meter........... m\3\ m\3\
V.............. volume rate........... cubic meter per second m\3\/s m\3\[middot]s-1
W.............. work.................. kilowatt hour......... kW[middot]hr 3.6[middot] 10-6
[middot]m\2\[middot]k
g [middot]s-2
wc............. carbon mass fraction.. gram per gram......... g/g 1
x.............. amount of substance mole per mole......... mol/mol 1
mole fraction \2\.
x8............. flow-weighted mean mole per mole......... mol/mol 1
concentration.
y.............. generic variable...... ...................... .......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See paragraph (f)(2) of this section for the values to use for molar masses. Note that in the cases of NOX
and HC, the regulations specify effective molar masses based on assumed speciation rather than actual
speciation.
\2\ Note that mole fractions for THC, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, and NOTHC are expressed on a C1 equivalent basis.

(b) Symbols for chemical species. This part uses the following
symbols for chemical species and exhaust constituents:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Symbol Species
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ar..................................... argon.
C...................................... carbon.
CH4.................................... methane.
C2H6................................... ethane.
C3H8................................... propane.
C4H10.................................. butane.
C5H12.................................. pentane.
CO..................................... carbon monoxide.
CO2.................................... carbon dioxide.
H...................................... atomic hydrogen.
H2..................................... molecular hydrogen.
H2O.................................... water.
He..................................... helium.
\85\Kr................................. krypton 85.
N2..................................... molecular nitrogen.
NMHC................................... nonmethane hydrocarbon.
NMHCE.................................. nonmethane hydrocarbon
equivalent.
NO..................................... nitric oxide.
NO2.................................... nitrogen dioxide.
NOX.................................... oxides of nitrogen.
N2O.................................... nitrous oxide.
NOTHC.................................. nonoxygenated hydrocarbon.
O2..................................... molecular oxygen.
OHC.................................... oxygenated hydrocarbon.
\210\Po................................ polonium 210.
PM..................................... particulate mass.
S...................................... sulfur.
SO2.................................... sulfur dioxide.
THC.................................... total hydrocarbon.
ZrO2................................... zirconium dioxide.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Symbol Quantity Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[micro].................... micro........................... 10-\6\
m.......................... milli........................... 10-\3\
c.......................... centi........................... 10-\2\
k.......................... kilo............................ 10\3\
M.......................... mega............................ 10\6\
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) Superscripts. This part uses the following superscripts to
define a quantity:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Superscript Quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
overbar (such as y8).................. arithmetic mean.
overdot (such as yb).................. quantity per unit time.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts to define a
quantity:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subscript Quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
abs....................................... absolute quantity.
act....................................... actual condition.
air....................................... air, dry.
atmos..................................... atmospheric.
cal....................................... calibration quantity.
CFV....................................... critical flow venturi.
cor....................................... corrected quantity.
dil....................................... dilution air.
dexh...................................... diluted exhaust.
exh....................................... raw exhaust.
exp....................................... expected quantity.
hi,idle................................... condition at high-idle.
i......................................... an individual of a series.
idle...................................... condition at idle.
in........................................ quantity in.
init...................................... initial quantity, typically
before an emission test.
j......................................... an individual of a series.
max....................................... the maximum (i.e., peak)
value expected at the
standard over a test
interval; not the maximum
of an instrument range.
meas...................................... measured quantity.
out....................................... quantity out.
part...................................... partial quantity.
PDP....................................... positive-displacement pump.
ref....................................... reference quantity.
rev....................................... revolution.
sat....................................... saturated condition.
slip...................................... PDP slip.

[[Page 863]]

span...................................... span quantity.
SSV....................................... subsonic venturi.
std....................................... standard condition.
test...................................... test quantity.
test,alt.................................. alternate test quantity.
uncor..................................... uncorrected quantity.
zero...................................... zero quantity.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(f) Constants. (1) This part uses the following constants for the
composition of dry air:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Symbol Quantity mol/mol
------------------------------------------------------------------------
xArair.................... amount of argon in dry air..... 0.00934
xCO2air................... amount of carbon dioxide in dry 0.000375
air.
xN2air.................... amount of nitrogen in dry air.. 0.78084
xO2air.................... amount of oxygen in dry air.... 0.209445
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) This part uses the following molar masses or effective molar
masses of chemical species:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
g/mol (10-
Symbol Quantity 3. kg.mol-
1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mair............................... molar mass of dry air 28.96559
\1\.
MAr................................ molar mass of argon... 39.948
MC................................. molar mass of carbon.. 12.0107
MC3H8.............................. molar mass of propane. 44.09562
MCH4............................... molar mass of methane. 16.043
MCO................................ molar mass of carbon 28.0101
monoxide.
MCO2............................... molar mass of carbon 44.0095
dioxide.
MH................................. molar mass of atomic 1.00794
hydrogen.
MH2................................ molar mass of 2.01588
molecular hydrogen.
MH2O............................... molar mass of water... 18.01528
MHe................................ molar mass of helium.. 4.002602
MN................................. molar mass of atomic 14.0067
nitrogen.
MN2................................ molar mass of 28.0134
molecular nitrogen.
MNMHC.............................. effective molar mass 13.875389
of nonmethane
hydrocarbon \2\.
MNMHCE............................. effective molar mass 13.875389
of nonmethane
equivalent
hydrocarbon \2\.
MNOx............................... effective molar mass 46.0055
of oxides of nitrogen
\3\.
MN2O............................... molar mass of nitrous 44.0128
oxide.
MO................................. molar mass of atomic 15.9994
oxygen.
MO2................................ molar mass of 31.9988
molecular oxygen.
MS................................. molar mass of sulfur.. 32.065
MTHC............................... effective molar mass 13.875389
of total hydrocarbon
\2\.
MTHCE.............................. effective molar mass 13.875389
of total hydrocarbon
equivalent \2\.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See paragraph (f)(1) of this section for the composition of dry air.
\2\ The effective molar masses of THC, THCE, NMHC, and NMHCE are defined
by an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, [alpha], of 1.85.
\3\ The effective molar mass of NOX is defined by the molar mass of
nitrogen dioxide, NO2.

(3) This part uses the following molar gas constant for ideal gases:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
J/(mol) [middot] K)
Symbol Quantity (m\2\[middot]kg[middot]s-
2 mol-1[middot] K-1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
R.................. molar gas constant...... 8.314472
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(4) This part uses the following ratios of specific heats for
dilution air and diluted exhaust:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
[J/
(kg[middot]K)]/
Symbol Quantity [J/
(kg[middot]K)]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[gamma]air.............. ratio of specific heats for 1.399
intake air or dilution air.
[gamma]dil.............. ratio of specific heats for 1.399
diluted exhaust.
[gamma]exh.............. ratio of specific heats for 1.385
raw exhaust.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(g) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following
additional abbreviations and acronyms:

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BMD bag mini-diluter
BSFC brake-specific fuel consumption
CARB California Air Resources Board
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CFV critical-flow venturi
CI compression-ignition
CITT Curb Idle Transmission Torque
CLD chemiluminescent detector
CVS constant-volume sampler
DF deterioration factor
ECM electronic control module
EFC electronic flow control
EGR exhaust gas recirculation
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FEL Family Emission Limit
FID flame-ionization detector
GC gas chromatograph
GC-ECD gas chromatograph with an electron-capture detector

[[Page 864]]

GC-FID gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector
IBP initial boiling point
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LPG liquefied petroleum gas
NDIR nondispersive infrared
NDUV nondispersive ultraviolet
NIST National Institute for Standards and Technology
NMC nonmethane cutter
PDP positive-displacement pump
PEMS portable emission measurement system
PFD partial-flow dilution
PMP Polymethylpentene
pt. a single point at the mean value expected at the standard.
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (commonly known as Teflon^TM)
RE rounding error
RESS rechargeable energy storage system
RMC ramped-modal cycle
RMS root-mean square
RTD resistive temperature detector
SSV subsonic venturi
SI spark-ignition
UCL upper confidence limit
UFM ultrasonic flow meter
U.S.C. United States Code

[70 FR 40516, July 13, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 37346, June 30, 2008;
73 FR 59342, Oct. 8, 2008; 74 FR 56518, Oct. 30, 2009; 76 FR 57468,
Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1065.1010 Reference materials.

The materials listed in this section are incorporated by reference
into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register
under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other
than that specified in this section, a document must be published in the
Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All
approved materials are available for inspection at the Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center (Air Docket) in the EPA Docket Center
(EPA/DC) at Rm. 3334, EPA West Bldg., 1301 Constitution Ave. NW.,
Washington, DC. The EPA/DC Public Reading Room hours of operation are
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays.
The telephone number of the EPA/DC Public Reading Room is (202) 566-
1744, and the telephone number for the Air Docket is (202) 566-1742.
These approved materials are also available for inspection at the
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on
the availability of this material at NARA, call (202) 741-6030 or go to
http://www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--
regulations/ibr--locations.html. In addition, these materials are
available from the sources listed below.
(a) ASTM materials. Copies of these materials may be obtained from
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., P.O. Box C700, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, or by calling (877) 909-ASTM, or at http://
www.astm.org.
(1) ASTM D86-07a, Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum
Products at Atmospheric Pressure, IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 1065.703,
1065.710.
(2) ASTM D93-09 (Approved December 15, 2009), Standard Test Methods
for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, IBR approved for
Sec. 1065.703.
(3) ASTM D445-09 (Approved July 1, 2009), Standard Test Method for
Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation
of Dynamic Viscosity), IBR approved for Sec. 1065.703.
(4) ASTM D613-05, Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel
Fuel Oil, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.703.
(5) ASTM D910-07, Standard Specification for Aviation Gasolines, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.701.
(6) ASTM D975-07b, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.701.
(7) ASTM D1267-02 (Reapproved 2007), Standard Test Method for Gage
Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method), IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.720.
(8) ASTM D1319-03, Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in
Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.710.
(9) ASTM D1655-07e01, Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine
Fuels, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.701.
(10) ASTM D1837-02a (Reapproved 2007), Standard Test Method for
Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, IBR approved for Sec.
1065.720.

[[Page 865]]

(11) ASTM D1838-07, Standard Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion
by Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.720.
(12) ASTM D1945-03, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas
by Gas Chromatography, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.715.
(13) ASTM D2158-05, Standard Test Method for Residues in Liquefied
Petroleum (LP) Gases, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.720.
(14) ASTM D2163-05, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Liquefied
Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propene Concentrates by Gas Chromatography, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.720.
(15) ASTM D2598-02 (Reapproved 2007), Standard Practice for
Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
Gases from Compositional Analysis, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.720.
(16) ASTM D2622-07, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum
Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, IBR
approved for Sec. Sec. 1065.703, 1065.710.
(17) ASTM D2713-91 (Reapproved 2001), Standard Test Method for
Dryness of Propane (Valve Freeze Method), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.720.
(18) ASTM D2784-06, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied
Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.720.
(19) ASTM D2880-03, Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel
Oils, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.701.
(20) ASTM D2986-95a (Reapproved 1999), Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl
Phthalate) Smoke Test, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.170.
(21) ASTM D3231-07, Standard Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline,
IBR approved for Sec. 1065.710.
(22) ASTM D3237-06e01, Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline By
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.710.
(23) ASTM D4052-96e01 (Reapproved 2002), Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.703.
(24) ASTM D4814-07a, Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-
Ignition Engine Fuel, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.701.
(25) ASTM D5186-03, Standard Test Method for Determination of the
Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and
Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.703.
(26) ASTM D5191-07, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of
Petroleum Products (Mini Method), IBR approved for Sec. 1065.710.
(27) ASTM D5797-07, Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-
M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, IBR approved for Sec.
1065.701.
(28) ASTM D5798-07, Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-
Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, IBR approved for Sec.
1065.701.
(29) ASTM D6615-06, Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut
Aviation Turbine Fuel, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.701.
(30) ASTM D6751-07b, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend
Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels, IBR approved for Sec.
1065.701.
(31) ASTM D6985-04a, Standard Specification for Middle Distillate
Fuel Oil--Military Marine Applications, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.701.
(32) ASTM F1471-93 (Reapproved 2001), Standard Test Method for Air
Cleaning Performance of a High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filter System,
IBR approved for Sec. 1065.1001.
(b) California Air Resources Board material. Copies of these
materials may be obtained from the California Air Resources Board,
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 9528 Telstar Ave., El Monte, CA 91731-2908, or
by calling (800) 242-4450.
(1) California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures, Amended July
30, 2002, Mobile Source Division, California Air Resources Board, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.805.
(2) [Reserved]
(c) Institute of Petroleum material. Copies of these materials may
be obtained from the Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G
7AR, UK, or by calling +44-(0)20-7467-7100, or at http://
www.energyinst.org.
(1) IP-470, 2005, Determination of aluminum, silicon, vanadium,
nickel, iron, calcium, zinc, and sodium in residual

[[Page 866]]

fuels by atomic absorption spectrometry, IBR approved for Sec.
1065.705.
(2) IP-500, 2003, Determination of the phosphorus content of
residual fuels by ultra-violet spectrometry, IBR approved for Sec.
1065.705.
(3) IP-501, 2005, Determination of aluminum, silicon, vanadium,
nickel, iron, sodium, calcium, zinc and phosphorus in residual fuel oil
by ashing, fusion and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry,
IBR approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(d) ISO material. Copies of these materials may be obtained from the
International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. de la Voie-
Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, or by calling +41-22-749-
01-11, or at http://www.iso.org.
(1) ISO 2719:2002, Determination of flash point--Pensky-Martens
closed cup method, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(2) ISO 3016:1994, Petroleum products--Determination of pour point,
IBR approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(3) ISO 3104:1994/Cor 1:1997, Petroleum products--Transparent and
opaque liquids--Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of
dynamic viscosity, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(4) ISO 3675:1998, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products--
Laboratory determination of density--Hydrometer method, IBR approved for
Sec. 1065.705.
(5) ISO 3733:1999, Petroleum products and bituminous materials--
Determination of water--Distillation method, IBR approved for Sec.
1065.705.
(6) ISO 6245:2001, Petroleum products--Determination of ash, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(7) ISO 8217:2005, Petroleum products--Fuels (class F)--
Specifications of marine fuels, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(8) ISO 8754:2003, Petroleum products--Determination of sulfur
content--Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, IBR approved
for Sec. 1065.705.
(9) ISO 10307-2:1993, Petroleum products--Total sediment in residual
fuel oils--Part 2: Determination using standard procedures for ageing,
IBR approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(10) ISO 10370:1993/Cor 1:1996, Petroleum products--Determination of
carbon residue--Micro method, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(11) ISO 10478:1994, Petroleum products--Determination of aluminium
and silicon in fuel oils--Inductively coupled plasma emission and atomic
absorption spectroscopy methods, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(12) ISO 12185:1996/Cor 1:2001, Crude petroleum and petroleum
products--Determination of density--Oscillating U-tube method, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(13) ISO 14596:2007, Petroleum products--Determination of sulfur
content--Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, IBR
approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(14) ISO 14597:1997, Petroleum products--Determination of vanadium
and nickel content--Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.705.
(15) ISO 14644-1:1999, Cleanrooms and associated controlled
environments, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.190.
(e) NIST material. Copies of these materials may be obtained from
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) by calling
(800) 553-6847 or from the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO). To
purchase a NIST publication you must have the order number. Order
numbers are available from the Public Inquiries Unit at (301) 975-NIST.
Mailing address: Public Inquiries Unit, NIST, 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070,
Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070. If you have a GPO stock number, you can
purchase printed copies of NIST publications from GPO. GPO orders may
be: Mailed to the U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 979050, St.
Louis, MO 63197-9000, placed by telephone at (866) 512-1800 (DC Area
only: (202) 512-1800), or faxed to (202) 512-2104. More information can
also be found at http://www.nist.gov.
(1) NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, Guide for the Use of
the International System of Units (SI), Barry N. Taylor, Physics
Laboratory, IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 1065.20, 1065.1001, 1065.1005.
(2) NIST Technical Note 1297, 1994 Edition, Guidelines for
Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results,
Barry N. Taylor and Chris E. Kuyatt, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.1001.

[[Page 867]]

(f) SAE material. Copies of these materials may be obtained from the
Society of Automotive Engineers International, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, or by calling (724) 776-4841, or at http://
www.sae.org.
(1) SAE 770141, 2001, Optimization of Flame Ionization Detector for
Determination of Hydrocarbon in Diluted Automotive Exhausts, Glenn D.
Reschke, IBR approved for Sec. 1065.360.
(2) [Reserved]

[77 FR 2464, Jan. 18, 2012]

PART 1066_VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Applicability and General Provisions

Sec.
1066.1 Applicability.
1066.2 Submitting information to EPA under this part.
1066.5 Overview of this part 1066 and its relationship to the standard-
setting part.
1066.10 Other procedures.
1066.15 Overview of test procedures.
1066.20 Units of measure and overview of calculations.
1066.25 Recordkeeping.

Subpart B_Equipment, Fuel, and Gas Specifications

1066.101 Overview.

Subpart C_Dynamometer Specifications

1066.201 Dynamometer overview.
1066.210 Dynamometers.
1066.215 Summary of verification and calibration procedures for chassis
dynamometers.
1066.220 Linearity verification.
1066.225 Roll runout and diameter verification procedure.
1066.230 Time verification procedure.
1066.235 Speed verification procedure.
1066.240 Torque transducer verification and calibration.
1066.245 Response time verification.
1066.250 Base inertia verification.
1066.255 Parasitic loss verification.
1066.260 Parasitic friction compensation evaluation.
1066.265 Acceleration and deceleration verification.
1066.270 Unloaded coastdown verification.
1066.280 Driver's aid.

Subpart D_Coastdown

1066.301 Overview of coastdown procedures.
1066.310 Coastdown procedures for heavy-duty vehicles.

Subpart E_Vehicle Preparation and Running a Test

1066.401 Overview.
1066.407 Vehicle preparation and preconditioning.
1066.410 Dynamometer test procedure.
1066.420 Pre-test verification procedures and pre-test data collection.
1066.425 Engine starting and restarting.
1066.430 Performing emission tests

Subpart F_Hybrids

1066.501 Overview.

Subpart G_Calculations

1066.601 Overview.
1066.610 Mass-based and molar-based exhaust emission calculations.

Subpart H_Definitions and Other Reference Material

1066.701 Definitions.
1066.705 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure.
1066.710 Reference materials.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 76 FR 57470, Sept. 15, 2011, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Applicability and General Provisions

Sec. 1066.1 Applicability.

(a) This part describes the procedures that apply to testing we
require for the following vehicles:
(1) Model year 2014 and later heavy-duty highway vehicles we
regulate under 40 CFR part 1037 that are not subject to chassis testing
for exhaust emissions under 40 CFR part 86.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) The procedures of this part may apply to other types of
vehicles, as described in this part and in the standard-setting part.
(c) The term ``you'' means anyone performing testing under this part
other than EPA.

[[Page 868]]

(1) This part is addressed primarily to manufacturers of vehicles,
but it applies equally to anyone who does testing under this part for
such manufacturers.
(2) This part applies to any manufacturer or supplier of test
equipment, instruments, supplies, or any other goods or services related
to the procedures, requirements, recommendations, or options in this
part.
(d) Paragraph (a) of this section identifies the parts of the CFR
that define emission standards and other requirements for particular
types of vehicles. In this part, we refer to each of these other parts
generically as the ''standard-setting part.'' For example, 40 CFR part
1037 is the standard-setting part for heavy-duty highway vehicles.
(e) Unless we specify otherwise, the terms ``procedures'' and ``test
procedures'' in this part include all aspects of vehicle testing,
including the equipment specifications, calibrations, calculations, and
other protocols and procedural specifications needed to measure
emissions.
(f) For additional information regarding these test procedures,
visit our Web site at http://www.epa.gov, and in particular http://
www.epa.gov/nvfel/testing/regulations.htm.

Sec. 1066.2 Submitting information to EPA under this part.

(a) You are responsible for statements and information in your
applications for certification, requests for approved procedures,
selective enforcement audits, laboratory audits, production-line test
reports, field test reports, or any other statements you make to us
related to this part 1066. If you provide statements or information to
someone for submission to EPA, you are responsible for these statements
and information as if you had submitted them to EPA yourself.
(b) In the standard-setting part and in 40 CFR 1068.101, we describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. See also 18 U.S.C. 1001
and 42 U.S.C. 7413(c)(2). This obligation applies whether you submit
this information directly to EPA or through someone else.
(c) We may void any certificates or approvals associated with a
submission of information if we find that you intentionally submitted
false, incomplete, or misleading information. For example, if we find
that you intentionally submitted incomplete information to mislead EPA
when requesting approval to use alternate test procedures, we may void
the certificates for all engine families certified based on emission
data collected using the alternate procedures. This would also apply if
you ignore data from incomplete tests or from repeat tests with higher
emission results.
(d) We may require an authorized representative of your company to
approve and sign the submission, and to certify that all the information
submitted is accurate and complete. This includes everyone who submits
information, including manufacturers and others.
(e) See 40 CFR 1068.10 for provisions related to confidential
information. Note however that under 40 CFR 2.301, emission data is
generally not eligible for confidential treatment.
(f) Nothing in this part should be interpreted to limit our ability
under Clean Air Act section 208 (42 U.S.C. 7542) to verify that vehicles
conform to the regulations.

Sec. 1066.5 Overview of this part 1066 and its relationship to the standard-

setting part.

(a) This part specifies procedures that can apply generally to
testing various categories of vehicles. See the standard-setting part
for directions in applying specific provisions in this part for a
particular type of vehicle. Before using this part's procedures, read
the standard-setting part to answer at least the following questions:
(1) What drive schedules must I use for testing?
(2) Should I warm up the test vehicle before measuring emissions, or
do I need to measure cold-start emissions during a warm-up segment of
the duty cycle?
(3) Which exhaust constituents do I need to measure? Measure all
exhaust

[[Page 869]]

constituents that are subject to emission standards, any other exhaust
constituents needed for calculating emission rates, and any additional
exhaust constituents as specified in the standard-setting part. We may
approve your request to omit measurement of N2O and
CH4 for a vehicle, provided it is not subject to an
N2O or CH4 emission standard and we determine that
other information is available to give us a reasonable basis for
estimating or approximating the vehicle's emission rates.
(4) Do any unique specifications apply for test fuels?
(5) What maintenance steps may I take before or between tests on an
emission-data vehicle?
(6) Do any unique requirements apply to stabilizing emission levels
on a new vehicle?
(7) Do any unique requirements apply to test limits, such as ambient
temperatures or pressures?
(8) Is field testing required or allowed, and are there different
emission standards or procedures that apply to field testing?
(9) Are there any emission standards specified at particular
operating conditions or ambient conditions?
(10) Do any unique requirements apply for durability testing?
(b) The testing specifications in the standard-setting part may
differ from the specifications in this part. In cases where it is not
possible to comply with both the standard-setting part and this part,
you must comply with the specifications in the standard-setting part.
The standard-setting part may also allow you to deviate from the
procedures of this part for other reasons.
(c) The following table shows how this part divides testing
specifications into subparts:

Table 1 of Sec. 1066.5--Description of Part 1066 Subparts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This subpart Describes these specifications or procedures
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart A........................... Applicability and general provisions.
Subpart B........................... Equipment for testing.
Subpart C........................... Dynamometer specifications.
Subpart D........................... Coastdowns for testing.
Subpart E........................... How to prepare your vehicle and run an emission test.
Subpart F........................... How to test hybrid vehicles.
Subpart G........................... Test procedure calculations.
Subpart H........................... Definitions and reference material.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 1066.10 Other procedures.

(a) Your testing. The procedures in this part apply for all testing
you do to show compliance with emission standards, with certain
exceptions listed in this section. In some other sections in this part,
we allow you to use other procedures (such as less precise or less
accurate procedures) if they do not affect your ability to show that
your vehicles comply with the applicable emission standards. This
generally requires emission levels to be far enough below the applicable
emission standards so that any errors caused by greater imprecision or
inaccuracy do not affect your ability to state unconditionally that the
engines meet all applicable emission standards.
(b) Our testing. These procedures generally apply for testing that
we do to determine if your vehicles comply with applicable emission
standards. We may perform other testing as allowed by the Act.
(c) Exceptions. We may allow or require you to use procedures other
than those specified in this part for laboratory testing, field testing,
or both, as described in 40 CFR 1065.10(c). All the test procedures
noted as exceptions to the specified procedures are considered
generically as ``other procedures.'' Note that the terms ``special
procedures'' and ``alternate procedures'' have specific meanings;
``special procedures'' are those allowed by 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(2) and
``alternate procedures'' are those allowed by 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(7). If
we require you to request approval to use other procedures under this
paragraph (c), you may not

[[Page 870]]

use them until we approve your request.

Sec. 1066.15 Overview of test procedures.

This section outlines the procedures to test vehicles that are
subject to emission standards.
(a) In the standard-setting part, we set emission standards in g/
mile (or g/km), for the following constituents:
(1) Total oxides of nitrogen, NOX.
(2) Hydrocarbons (HC), which may be expressed in the following ways:
(i) Total hydrocarbons, THC.
(ii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons, NMHC, which results from subtracting
methane (CH4) from THC.
(iii) Total hydrocarbon-equivalent, THCE, which results from
adjusting THC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
(iv) Nonmethane hydrocarbon-equivalent, NMHCE, which results from
adjusting NMHC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
(3) Particulate mass, PM.
(4) Carbon monoxide, CO.
(b) Note that some vehicles may not be subject to standards for all
the emission constituents identified in paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) We generally set emission standards over test intervals and/or
drive schedules, as follows:
(1) Vehicle operation. Testing may involve measuring emissions and
miles travelled in a laboratory-type environment or in the field. The
standard-setting part specifies how test intervals are defined for field
testing. Refer to the definitions of ``duty cycle'' and ``test
interval'' in Sec. 1066.701. Note that a single drive schedule may have
multiple test intervals and require weighting of results from multiple
test phases to calculate a composite distance-based emission value to
compare to the standard.
(2) Constituent determination. Determine the total mass of each
constituent over a test interval by selecting from the following
methods:
(i) Continuous sampling. In continuous sampling, measure the
constituent's concentration continuously from raw or dilute exhaust.
Multiply this concentration by the continuous (raw or dilute) flow rate
at the emission sampling location to determine the constituent's flow
rate. Sum the constituent's flow rate continuously over the test
interval. This sum is the total mass of the emitted constituent.
(ii) Batch sampling. In batch sampling, continuously extract and
store a sample of raw or dilute exhaust for later measurement. Extract a
sample proportional to the raw or dilute exhaust flow rate, as
applicable. You may extract and store a proportional sample of exhaust
in an appropriate container, such as a bag, and then measure HC, CO, and
NOX concentrations in the container after the test phase. You
may deposit PM from proportionally extracted exhaust onto an appropriate
substrate, such as a filter. In this case, divide the PM by the amount
of filtered exhaust to calculate the PM concentration. Multiply batch
sampled concentrations by the total (raw or dilute) flow from which it
was extracted during the test interval. This product is the total mass
of the emitted constituent.
(iii) Combined sampling. You may use continuous and batch sampling
simultaneously during a test interval, as follows:
(A) You may use continuous sampling for some constituents and batch
sampling for others.
(B) You may use continuous and batch sampling for a single
constituent, with one being a redundant measurement, subject to the
provisions of 40 CFR 1065.201.
(d) Refer to the standard-setting part for calculations to determine
g/mile emission rates.
(e) The regulation highlights several specific cases where good
engineering judgment is especially relevant. You must use good
engineering judgment for all aspects of testing under this part, not
only for those provisions where we specifically re-state this
requirement.

Sec. 1066.20 Units of measure and overview of calculations.

(a) System of units. The procedures in this part follows both
conventional English Units and the International System of Units (SI),
as detailed in NIST Special Publication 811, which we incorporate by
reference in Sec. 1066.710.

[[Page 871]]

(b) Units conversion. Use good engineering judgment to convert units
between measurement systems as needed. The following conventions are
used throughout this document and should be used to convert units as
applicable:
(1) 1 hp = 33,000 ft[middot]lbf/min = 550 ft[middot]lbf/s = 0.7457
kW.
(2) 1 lbf = 32.174 ft[middot]lbm/s\2\ = 4.4482 N.
(3) 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
(c) Rounding. The rounding provisions of 40 CFR 1065.20 apply for
calculations in this part. This generally specifies that you round final
values but not intermediate values. Use good engineering judgment to
record the appropriate number of significant digits for all
measurements.
(d) Interpretation of ranges. Interpret a range as a tolerance
unless we explicitly identify it as an accuracy, repeatability,
linearity, or noise specification. See 40 CFR 1065.1001 for the
definition of tolerance. In this part, we specify two types of ranges:
(1) Whenever we specify a range by a single value and corresponding
limit values above and below that value, target any associated control
point to that single value. Examples of this type of range include
``10% of maximum pressure'', or ``(30 10) kPa''.
(2) Whenever we specify a range by the interval between two values,
you may target any associated control point to any value within that
range. An example of this type of range is ``(40 to 50) kPa''.
(e) Scaling of specifications with respect to an applicable
standard. Because this part 1066 applies to a wide range of vehicles and
emission standards, some of the specifications in this part are scaled
with respect to a vehicle's applicable standard or weight. This ensures
that the specification will be adequate to determine compliance, but not
overly burdensome by requiring unnecessarily high-precision equipment.
Many of these specifications are given with respect to a ``flow-weighted
mean'' that is expected at the standard or during testing. Flow-weighted
mean is the mean of a quantity after it is weighted proportional to a
corresponding flow rate. For example, if a gas concentration is measured
continuously from the raw exhaust of an engine, its flow-weighted mean
concentration is the sum of the products of each recorded concentration
times its respective exhaust flow rate, divided by the sum of the
recorded flow rates. As another example, the bag concentration from a
CVS system is the same as the flow-weighted mean concentration, because
the CVS system itself flow-weights the bag concentration. Refer to 40
CFR 1065.602 for information needed to estimate and calculate flow-
weighted means.

Sec. 1066.25 Recordkeeping.

Subpart B_Equipment, Fuel, and Gas Specifications

Sec. 1066.101 Overview.

(a) This subpart addresses equipment related to emission testing, as
well as test fuels and analytical gases. This section addresses emission
sampling and analytical equipment, test fuels, and analytical gases.
(b) The provisions of 40 CFR part 1065 specify engine-based
procedures for measuring emissions. Except as specified otherwise in
this part, the provisions of 40 CFR part 1065 apply for testing required
by this part as follows:
(1) The provisions of 40 CFR 1065.140 through 1065.195 specify
equipment for exhaust dilution and sampling systems.
(2) The provisions of 40 CFR part 1065, subparts C and D, specify
measurement instruments and their calibrations.
(3) The provisions of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H, specify fuels,
engine fluids, and analytical gases.
(4) The provisions of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J, describe how to
measure

[[Page 872]]

emissions from vehicles operating outside of a laboratory, except that
provisions related to measuring engine work do not apply.
(c) The provisions of this subpart are intended to specify systems
that can very accurately and precisely measure emissions from motor
vehicles. We may waive or modify the specifications and requirements of
this part for testing highway motorcycles or nonroad vehicles,
consistent with good engineering judgment. For example, it may be
appropriate to allow the use of a hydrokinetic dynamometer that is not
able to meet all the performance specifications described in this
subpart.

Subpart C_Dynamometer Specifications

Sec. 1066.201 Dynamometer overview.

This subpart addresses chassis dynamometers and related equipment.

Sec. 1066.210 Dynamometers.

(a) General requirements. A chassis dynamometer typically uses
electrically generated load forces combined with its rotational inertia
to recreate the mechanical inertia and frictional forces that a vehicle
exerts on road surfaces (known as ``road load''). Load forces are
calculated using vehicle-specific coefficients and response
characteristics. The load forces are applied to the vehicle tires by
rolls connected to intermediate motor/absorbers. The dynamometer uses a
load cell to measure the forces the dynamometer rolls apply to the
vehicle's tires.
(b) Accuracy and precision. The dynamometer's output values for road
load must be NIST-traceable. We may determine traceability to a specific
international standards organization to be sufficient to demonstrate
NIST-traceability. The force-measurement system must be capable of
indicating force readings to a resolution of 0.05%
of the maximum forces simulated by the dynamometer or 0.9 N (0.2 lbf), whichever is
greater, during a test.
(c) Test cycles. The dynamometer must be capable of fully simulating
applicable test cycles for the vehicles being tested as referenced in
the corresponding standard-setting part.
(1) For vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) at or
below 14,000 lbs, the dynamometer must be able to fully simulate a
driving schedule with a maximum speed of 36 m/s (80 mph) and a maximum
acceleration rate of 3.6 m/s\2\ (8 mph/s) in two-wheel drive and four-
wheel drive configurations.
(2) For vehicles with GVWR above 14,000 lbs, the dynamometer must be
able to fully simulate a driving schedule with a maximum speed of 29 m/s
(65 mph) and a maximum acceleration rate of 1.3 m/s\2\ (3 mph/s) in
either two-wheel drive or four-wheel drive configurations.
(d) Component requirements. The dynamometer must meet the following
specifications:
(1) For vehicles with GVWR at or below 14,000 lbs, the nominal roll
diameter must be 1.20 to 1.25 meters. The dynamometer must have an
independent drive roll for each axle being driven by the vehicle during
an emission test.
(2) For vehicles with GVWR above 14,000 lbs, the nominal roll
diameter must be at least 1.20 meters and no greater than 3.10 meters.
The dynamometer must have an independent drive roll for each axle,
except that two drive axles may share a single drive roll. Use good
engineering judgment to ensure that the dynamometer roll diameter is
large enough to provide sufficient tire-roll contact area to avoid tire
overheating and power losses from tire-roll slippage.
(3) If you measure force and speed at 10 Hz or faster, you may use
good engineering judgment to convert those measurements to 1-Hz, 2-Hz,
or 5-Hz values.
(4) The load applied by the dynamometer simulates forces acting on
the vehicle during normal driving according to the following equation:

[[Page 873]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.080

Where:

FR = total road-load force to be applied at the surface of the roll. The
total force is the sum of the individual tractive forces
applied at each roll surface.
i = a counter to indicate a point in time over the driving schedule. For
a dynamometer operating at 10-Hz intervals over a 600-second
driving schedule, the maximum value of i is 6,000.
A = constant value representing the vehicle's frictional load in lbf or
newtons. See subpart C of this part.
B = coefficient representing load from drag and rolling resistance,
which are a function of vehicle speed, in lbf/mph or
N[middot]s/m. See subpart C of this part.
S = linear speed at the roll surfaces as measured by the dynamometer, in
mph or m/s. Let Si-1 = 0.
C = coefficient representing aerodynamic effects, which are a function
of vehicle speed squared, in lbf/mph\2\ or N[middot]s\2\/m\2\.
See subpart C of this part.
M = mass of vehicle in lbm or kg. Determine the vehicle's mass based on
the test weight, taking into account the effect of rotating
axles, as specified in Sec. 1066.310(b)(7) and dividing the
weight by the acceleration due to gravity as specified in 40
CFR 1065.630, consistent with good engineering judgment.
t = elapsed time in the driving schedule as measured by the dynamometer,
in seconds. Let ti-1 = 0.

(5) The dynamometer must be designed to generally apply an actual
road-load force within 1% or 9.8 N (2.2 lbf) of the reference
value, whichever is greater. Dynamometers that do not fully meet this
specification may be used consistent with good engineering judgment. For
example, slightly higher errors may be permissible during highly
transient operation.
(e) Dynamometer manufacturer instructions. This part specifies that
you follow the dynamometer manufacturer's recommended procedures for
things such as calibrations and general operation. If you perform
testing with a dynamometer that you manufactured or if you otherwise do
not have these recommended procedures, use good engineering judgment to
establish the additional procedures and specifications we specify in
this part, unless we specify otherwise. Keep records to describe these
recommended procedures and how they are consistent with good engineering
judgment.

Sec. 1066.215 Summary of verification and calibration procedures for chassis

dynamometers.

(a) Overview. This section describes the overall process for
verifying and calibrating the performance of chassis dynamometers.
(b) Scope and frequency. The following table summarizes the required
and recommended calibrations and verifications described in this subpart
and indicates when they must occur:

Table 1 of Sec. 1066.215--Summary of Required Dynamometer Calibrations
and Verifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type of calibration or
verification Minimum frequency \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 1066.220: Linearity Speed: Upon initial installation, within
verification. 370 days before testing, and after major
maintenance.
Torque (load): Upon initial installation,
within 370 days before testing, and
after major maintenance.
Sec. 1066.225: Roll runout Upon initial installation and after major
and diameter. maintenance.
Sec. 1066.230: Time........ Upon initial installation and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1066.235: Speed Upon initial installation, within 370
measurement. days before testing, and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1066.240: Torque Upon initial installation and after major
(load) transducer. maintenance.
Sec. 1066.245: Response Upon initial installation and after major
time. maintenance.
Sec. 1066.250: Base inertia Upon initial installation and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1066.255: Parasitic Upon initial installation, within 7 days
loss. before testing, and after major
maintenance.
Sec. 1066.260: Parasitic Upon initial installation, within 7 days
friction compensation before testing, and after major
evaluation. maintenance.

[[Page 874]]

Sec. 1066.265: Acceleration Upon initial installation and after major
and deceleration. maintenance.
Sec. 1066.270: Unloaded Upon initial installation, within 7 days
coastdown. before testing, and after major
maintenance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Perform calibrations and verifications more frequently, according to
measurement system manufacturer instructions and good engineering
judgment.

(c) Automated dynamometer verifications and calibrations. In some
cases, dynamometers are designed with internal diagnostic and control
features to accomplish the verifications and calibrations specified in
this subpart. You may use these automated functions instead of following
the procedures we specify in this subpart to demonstrate compliance with
applicable requirements, consistent with good engineering judgment.
(d) Sequence of verifications and calibrations. Upon initial
installation and after major maintenance, perform the verifications and
calibrations in the same sequence as noted in Table 1 of this section.
At other times, you may need to perform specific verifications or
calibration in a certain sequence, as noted in this subpart.
(e) Corrections. Unless the regulation directs otherwise, if the
dynamometer fails to meet any specified calibration or verification,
make any necessary adjustments or repairs such that the dynamometer
meets the specification before running a test. Repairs required to meet
specifications are generally considered major maintenance under this
part.

Sec. 1066.220 Linearity verification.

(a) Scope and frequency. Perform linearity verifications upon
initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major
maintenance. Note that these linearity verifications may replace
requirements previously referred to as calibrations. The intent of
linearity verification is to determine that a measurement system
responds accurately and proportionally over the measurement range of
interest. Linearity verification generally consists of introducing a
series of at least 10 reference values (or the manufacturer's recommend
number of reference values) to a measurement system. The measurement
system quantifies each reference value. The measured values are then
collectively compared to the reference values by using a least-squares
linear regression and the linearity criteria specified in Table 1 of
this section.
(b) Performance requirements. If a measurement system does not meet
the applicable linearity criteria in Table 1 of this section, correct
the deficiency by re-calibrating, servicing, or replacing components as
needed. Repeat the linearity verification after correcting the
deficiency to ensure that the measurement system meets the linearity
criteria. Before you may use a measurement system that does not meet
linearity criteria, you must demonstrate to us that the deficiency does
not adversely affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable standards.
(c) Procedure. Use the following linearity verification protocol, or
use good engineering judgment to develop a different protocol that
satisfies the intent of this section, as described in paragraph (a) of
this section:
(1) In this paragraph (c), the letter ``y'' denotes a generic
measured quantity, the superscript over-bar denotes an arithmetic mean
(such as y), and the subscript ``ref'' denotes the known or
reference quantity being measured.
(2) Operate a dynamometer system at the specified temperatures and
pressures. This may include any specified adjustment or periodic
calibration of the dynamometer system.
(3) Set dynamometer speed and torque to zero and apply the
dynamometer brake to ensure a zero-speed condition.
(4) Span the dynamometer speed or torque signal.
(5) After spanning, check for zero speed and torque. Use good
engineering

[[Page 875]]

judgment to determine whether or not to rezero or re-span before
continuing.
(6) For both speed and torque, use the dynamometer manufacturer's
recommendations and good engineering judgment to select reference
values, yrefi, that cover a range of values that you expect
would prevent extrapolation beyond these values during emission testing.
We recommend selecting zero speed and zero torque as reference values
for the linearity verification.
(7) Use the dynamometer manufacturer's recommendations and good
engineering judgment to select the order in which you will introduce the
series of reference values. For example, you may select the reference
values randomly to avoid correlation with previous measurements or the
influence of hysteresis; you may select reference values in ascending or
descending order to avoid long settling times of reference signals; or
you may select values to ascend and then descend to incorporate the
effects of any instrument hysteresis into the linearity verification.
(8) Set the dynamometer to operate at a reference condition.
(9) Allow time for the dynamometer to stabilize while it measures
the reference values.
(10) At a recording frequency of at least 1 Hz, measure speed and
torque values for 30 seconds and record the arithmetic mean of the
recorded values, yi. Refer to 40 CFR 1065.602 for an example
of calculating an arithmetic mean.
(11) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(8) though (10) of this
section until you measure speeds and torques at each of the reference
conditions.
(12) Use the arithmetic means, yi, and reference values,
yrefi, to calculate least-squares linear regression
parameters and statistical values to compare to the minimum performance
criteria specified in Table 1 of this section. Use the calculations
described in 40 CFR 1065.602. Using good engineering judgment, you may
weight the results of individual data pairs (i.e., (yrefi,,
yi)), in the linear regression calculations.

Table 1 of Sec. 1066.220--Dynamometer Measurement Systems That Require Linearity Verifications
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Linearity criteria
-----------------------
Measurement system Quantity [verbarlm]xmin(a1- a1 SEE r2
1)+a0[verbarlm]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed.......................... S <=0.05% [middot] Smax 0.98-1.02 <=2% [middot]
Smax. =0.990
Torque (load).................. T <=1% [middot] Tmax... 0.98-1.02 <=2% [middot]
Tmax. =0.990
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 1066.225 Roll runout and diameter verification procedure.

(a) Overview. This section describes the verification procedure for
roll runout and roll diameter. Roll runout is a measure of the variation
in roll radius around the circumference of the roll.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform these verifications upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
(c) Roll runout procedure. Verify roll runout as follows:
(1) Perform this verification with laboratory and dynamometer
temperatures stable and at equilibrium. Release the roll brake and shut
off power to the dynamometer. Remove any dirt, rubber, rust, and debris
from the roll surface. Mark measurement locations on the roll surface
using a permanent marker. Mark the roll at a minimum of four equally
spaced locations across the roll width; we recommend taking measurements
every 150 mm across the roll. Secure the marker to the deck plate
adjacent to the roll surface and slowly rotate the roll to mark a clear
line around the roll circumference. Repeat this process for all
measurement locations.
(2) Measure roll runout using a dial indicator with a probe that
allows for measuring the position of the roll surface relative to the
roll centerline as it turns through a complete revolution. The dial
indicator must have a magnetic base assembly or other means of being
securely mounted adjacent to the roll. The dial indicator must have
sufficient range to measure roll runout at

[[Page 876]]

all points, with a minimum accuracy and precision of 0.025 mm. Calibrate the dial indicator according to the
instrument manufacturer's instructions.
(3) Position the dial indicator adjacent to the roll surface at the
desired measurement location. Position the shaft of the dial indicator
perpendicular to the roll such that the point of the dial indicator is
slightly touching the surface of the roll and can move freely through a
full rotation of the roll. Zero the dial indicator according to the
instrument manufacturer's instructions. Avoid distortion of the runout
measurement from the weight of a person standing on or near the mounted
dial indicator.
(4) Slowly turn the roll through a complete rotation and record the
maximum and minimum values from the dial indicator. Calculate runout as
the difference between these maximum and minimum values.
(5) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(3) and (4) of this section
for all measurement locations.
(6) The roll runout must be less than 0.25 mm at all measurement
locations.
(d) Diameter procedure. Verify roll diameter based on the following
procedure, or an equivalent procedure based on good engineering
judgment:
(1) Prepare the laboratory and the dynamometer as specified in
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(2) Measure roll diameter using a Pi Tape[supreg]. Orient the Pi
Tape[supreg] to the marker line at the desired measurement location with
the Pi Tape[supreg] hook pointed outward. Temporarily secure the Pi
Tape[supreg] to the roll near the hook end with adhesive tape. Slowly
turn the roll, wrapping the Pi Tape[supreg] around the roll surface.
Ensure that the Pi Tape[supreg] is flat and adjacent to the marker line
around the full circumference of the roll. Attach a 2.26-kg weight to
the hook of the Pi Tape[supreg] and position the roll so that the weight
dangles freely. Remove the adhesive tape without disturbing the
orientation or alignment of the Pi Tape[supreg].
(3) Overlap the gage member and the vernier scale ends of the Pi
Tape[supreg] to read the diameter measurement to the nearest 0.01 mm.
Follow the manufacturer's recommendation to correct the measurement to
20 [deg]C, if applicable.
(4) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (d)(2) and (3) of this section
for all measurement locations.
(5) The measured roll diameter must be within 0.25 mm of the specified nominal value at all
measurement locations. You may revise the nominal value to meet this
specification, as long as you use the corrected nominal value for all
calculations in this subpart.

Sec. 1066.230 Time verification procedure.

(a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the accuracy of
the dynamometer's timing device.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
(c) Procedure. Perform this verification using one of the following
procedures:
(1) WWV method. You may use the time and frequency signal broadcast
by NIST from radio station WWV as the time standard if the trigger for
the dynamometer timing circuit has a frequency decoder circuit, as
follows:
(i) Dial station WWV at (303) 499-7111 and listen for the time
announcement. Verify that the trigger started the dynamometer timer. Use
good engineering judgment to minimize error in receiving the time and
frequency signal.
(ii) After at least 1000 seconds, re-dial station WWV and listen for
the time announcement. Verify that the trigger stopped the dynamometer
timer.
(iii) Compare the measured elapsed time, yact, to the
corresponding time standard, yref, to determine the time
error, yerror, using the following equation:

[[Page 877]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.081

(2) Ramping method. You may set up an operator-defined ramp function
in the signal generator to serve as the time standard as follows:
(i) Set up the signal generator to output a marker voltage at the
peak of each ramp to trigger the dynamometer timing circuit. Output the
designated marker voltage to start the verification period.
(ii) After at least 1000 seconds, output the designated marker
voltage to end the verification period.
(iii) Compare the measured elapsed time between marker signals,
yact, to the corresponding time standard, yref, to
determine the time error, yerror, using Equation 1066.230-1.
(3) Dynamometer coastdown method. You may use a signal generator to
output a known speed ramp signal to the dynamometer controller to serve
as the time standard as follows:
(i) Generate upper and lower speed values to trigger the start and
stop functions of the coastdown timer circuit. Use the signal generator
to start the verification period.
(ii) After at least 1000 seconds, use the signal generator to end
the verification period.
(iii) Compare the measured elapsed time between trigger signals,
yact, to the corresponding time standard, yref, to
determine the time error, yerror, using Equation 1066.230-1.
(d) Performance evaluation. The time error determined in paragraph
(c) of this section may not exceed 0.001%.

Sec. 1066.235 Speed verification procedure.

(a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the accuracy and
resolution of the dynamometer speed determination.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major
maintenance.
(c) Procedure. Use one of the following procedures to verify the
accuracy and resolution of the dynamometer speed simulation:
(1) Pulse method. Connect a universal frequency counter to the
output of the dynamometer's speed-sensing device in parallel with the
signal to the dynamometer controller. The universal frequency counter
must be calibrated according to the instrument manufacturer's
instructions and be capable of measuring with enough accuracy to perform
the procedure as specified in this paragraph (c)(1). Make sure the
instrumentation does not affect the signal to the dynamometer control
circuits. Determine the speed error as follows:
(i) Set the dynamometer to speed-control mode. Set the dynamometer
speed to a value between 4.2 m/s and the maximum speed expected during
testing; record the output of the frequency counter after 10 seconds.
Determine the roll speed, Sact, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.082

[[Page 878]]

Where:

f = frequency of the dynamometer speed sensing device, in
s^-\1\, accurate to at least four significant figures.
droll = nominal roll diameter, in m, accurate to the nearest
0.01 mm, consistent with Sec. 1066.225(d).
n = the number of pulses per revolution from the dynamometer roll speed
sensor.
Example:

[fnof]-- = 2.9231 Hz = 2.9231 s^-1
droll = 904.40 mm = 0.90440 m
n = 1 pulse/rev
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.083

Sact = 8.3053 m/s

(ii) Compare the calculated roll speed, Sact, to the
corresponding speed set point, Sref, to determine a value for
speed error, Serror, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.084

Example:

Sact = 8.3053 m/s
Sref = 8.3000 m/s
Serror = 8.3053 - 8.3000 = 0.0053 m/s

(2) Frequency method. Use the method described in this paragraph
(c)(2) only if the dynamometer does not have a readily available output
signal for speed sensing. Install a single piece of tape in the shape of
an arrowhead on the surface of the dynamometer roll near the outer edge.
Put a reference mark on the deck plate in line with the arrow. Install a
stroboscope or photo tachometer on the deck plate and direct the flash
toward the tape on the roll. The stroboscope or photo tachometer must be
calibrated according to the instrument manufacturer's instructions and
be capable of measuring with enough accuracy to perform the procedure as
specified in this paragraph (c)(2). Determine the speed error as
follows:
(i) Set the dynamometer to speed control mode. Set the dynamometer
speed to a value between 15 kph and the maximum speed expected during
testing. Tune the stroboscope or photo tachometer until the signal
matches the dynamometer roll speed. Record the frequency. Determine the
roll speed, yact, using Equation 1066.235-1, using the
stroboscope or photo tachometer's frequency for [fnof].
(ii) Compare the calculated roll speed, yact, to the
corresponding speed set point, yref, to determine a value for
speed error, yerror, using Equation 1066.235-2.
(d) Performance evaluation. The speed error determined in paragraph
(c) of this section may not exceed 0.02 m/s.

Sec. 1066.240 Torque transducer verification and calibration.

Calibrate torque-measurement systems as described in 40 CFR
1065.310.

Sec. 1066.245 Response time verification.

(a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the dynamometer's
response time.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
(c) Procedure. Use the dynamometer's automated process to verify
response time. Perform this test at two different inertia settings
corresponding approximately to the minimum and maximum vehicle weights
you expect to test. Use good engineering judgment to select

[[Page 879]]

road-load coefficients representing vehicles of the appropriate weight.
Determine the dynamometer's settling response time, ts, based
on the point at which there are no measured results more than 10% above
or below the final equilibrium value, as illustrated in Figure 1 of this
section. The observed settling response time must be less than 100
milliseconds for each inertia setting.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.085

Sec. 1066.250 Base inertia verification.

(a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the dynamometer's
base inertia.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
(c) Procedure. Verify the base inertia using the following
procedure:
(1) Warm up the dynamometer according to the dynamometer
manufacturer's instructions. Set the dynamometer's road-load inertia to
zero and motor the rolls to 5 mph. Apply a constant force to accelerate
the roll at a nominal rate of 1 mph/s. Measure the elapsed time to
accelerate from 10 to 40 mph, noting the corresponding speed and time
points to the nearest 0.01 mph and 0.01 s. Also determine average force
over the measurement interval.
(2) Starting from a steady roll speed of 45 mph, apply a constant
force to the roll to decelerate the roll at a nominal rate of 1 mph/s.
Measure the elapsed time to decelerate from 40 to 10 mph, noting the
corresponding speed and time points to the nearest 0.01 mph and 0.01 s.
Also determine average force over the measurement interval.
(3) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section
for a total of five sets of results at the nominal acceleration rate and
the nominal deceleration rate.

[[Page 880]]

(4) Use good engineering judgment to select two additional
acceleration and deceleration rates that cover the middle and upper
rates expected during testing. Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (3) of this section at each of these additional acceleration and
deceleration rates.
(5) Determine the base inertia, Ib, for each measurement
interval using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.086

Where:

F = average dynamometer force over the measurement interval as measured
by the dynamometer, in ft[middot]lbm/s\2\.
Sfinal = roll surface speed at the end of the measurement
interval to the nearest 0.01 mph.
Sinitial = roll surface speed at the start of the measurement
interval to the nearest 0.01 mph.
[Delta]t = elapsed time during the measurement interval to the nearest
0.01 s.
Example:

F = 1.500 lbf = 48.26 ft[middot]lbm/s\2\
Sfinal = 40.00 mph = 58.67 ft/s
Sinitial = 10.00 mph = 14.67 ft/s
[Delta]t = 30.00 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.087

Ib = 32.90 lbm

(6) Determine the arithmetic mean value of base inertia from the
five measurements at each acceleration and deceleration rate. Calculate
these six mean values as described in 40 CFR 1065.602(b).
(7) Calculate the base inertia error, Iberror, for each
measured base inertia, Ib, by comparing it to the
manufacturer's stated base inertia, Ibref, using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.088

Example:

Ibref = 32.96 lbm
Ibact = 33.01 lbm

[[Page 881]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.089

Iberror = -0.15%

(8) Calculate the inertia error for each mean value of base inertia
from paragraph (c)(6) of this section. Use Equation 1066.265-2,
substituting the mean base inertias associated with each acceleration
and deceleration rate for the individual base inertias.
(d) Performance evaluation. The dynamometer must meet the following
specifications to be used for testing under this part:
(1) The base inertia error determined under paragraph (c)(7) of this
section may not exceed 0.50% relative to any
individual value.
(2) The base inertia error determined under paragraph (c)(8) of this
section may not exceed 0.20% relative to any mean
value.

Sec. 1066.255 Parasitic loss verification.

(a) Overview. Verify and correct the dynamometer's parasitic loss.
This procedure determines the dynamometer's internal losses that it must
overcome to simulate road load. These losses are characterized in a
parasitic loss curve that the dynamometer uses to apply compensating
forces to maintain the desired road-load force at the roll surface.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation, within 7 days of testing, and after major maintenance.
(c) Procedure. Perform this verification by following the
dynamometer manufacturer's specifications to establish a parasitic loss
curve, taking data at fixed speed intervals to cover the range of
vehicle speeds that will occur during testing. You may zero the load
cell at the selected speed if that improves your ability to determine
the parasitic loss. Parasitic loss forces may never be negative. Note
that the torque transducers must be zeroed and spanned prior to
performing this procedure.
(d) Performance evaluation. In some cases, the dynamometer
automatically updates the parasitic loss curve for further testing. If
this is not the case, compare the new parasitic loss curve to the
original parasitic loss curve from the dynamometer manufacturer or the
most recent parasitic loss curve you programmed into the dynamometer.
You may reprogram the dynamometer to accept the new curve in all cases,
and you must reprogram the dynamometer if any point on the new curve
departs from the earlier curve by more than 4.5 N
(1.0 lbf).

Sec. 1066.260 Parasitic friction compensation evaluation.

(a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the accuracy of
the dynamometer's friction compensation.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation, within 7 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
Note that this procedure relies on proper verification or calibration of
speed and torque, as described in Sec. Sec. 1066.235 and1066.240. You
must also first verify the dynamometer's parasitic loss curve as
specified in Sec. 1066.255.
(c) Procedure. Use the following procedure to verify the accuracy of
the dynamometer's friction compensation:
(1) Warm up the dynamometer as specified by the dynamometer
manufacturer.
(2) Perform a torque verification as specified by the dynamometer
manufacturer. For torque verifications relying on shunt procedures, if
the results do not conform to specifications, recalibrate the
dynamometer using NIST-traceable standards as appropriate until the
dynamometer passes the torque verification. Do not change the
dynamometer's base inertia to pass the torque verification.
(3) Set the dynamometer inertia to the base inertia with the road-
load coefficients A, B, and C set to 0. Set the dynamometer to speed-
control mode with a target speed of 10 mph or a higher speed recommended
by the dynamometer manufacturer. Once the speed stabilizes at the target
speed, switch the dynamometer from speed control

[[Page 882]]

to torque control and allow the roll to coast for 60 seconds. Record the
initial and final speeds and the corresponding start and stop times. If
friction compensation is executed perfectly, there will be no change in
speed during the measurement interval.
(4) Calculate the friction compensation error, FCerror,
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.090

Where:

I = dynamometer inertia setting, in lbf[middot]s\2\/ft.
t = duration of the measurement interval, accurate to at least 0.01 s.
Sfinal = the roll speed corresponding to the end of the
measurement interval, accurate to at least 0.1 mph.
Sinit = the roll speed corresponding to the start of the
measurement interval, accurate to at least 0.1 mph.
Example:

I = 2000 lbm = 62.16 lbf[middot] s\2\/ft
t = 60.0 s
Sfinal = 9.2 mph = 13.5 ft/s
Sinit = 10.0 mph = 14.7 ft/s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.091

FCerror = -16.5 ft[middot]lbf/s = -0.031 hp

(5) The friction compensation error may not exceed 0.1 hp.

Sec. 1066.265 Acceleration and deceleration verification.

(a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the dynamometer's
ability to achieve targeted acceleration and deceleration rates.
Paragraph (c) of this section describes how this verification applies
when the dynamometer is programmed directly for a specific acceleration
or deceleration rate. Paragraph (d) of this section describes how this
verification applies when the dynamometer is programmed with a
calculated force to achieve a targeted acceleration or deceleration
rate.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
(c) Verification of acceleration and deceleration rates. Activate
the dynamometer's function generator for measuring roll revolution
frequency. If the dynamometer has no such function generator, set up a
properly calibrated external function generator consistent with the
verification described in this paragraph (c). Use the function generator
to determine actual acceleration and deceleration rates as the
dynamometer traverses speeds between 10 and 40 mph at various nominal
acceleration and deceleration rates. Verify the dynamometer's
acceleration and deceleration rates as follows:
(1) Set up start and stop frequencies specific to your dynamometer
by identifying the roll-revolution frequency, f, in revolutions per
second (or Hz) corresponding to 10 mph and 40 mph vehicle speeds,
accurate to at least four significant figures, using the following
equation:

[[Page 883]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.092

Where:

S = the target roll speed, in inches per second (corresponding to drive
speeds of 10 mph or 40 mph).
n = the number of pulses from the dynamometer's roll-speed sensor per
roll revolution.
droll = roll diameter, in inches.

(2) Program the dynamometer to accelerate the roll at a nominal rate
of 1 mph/s from 10 mph to 40 mph. Measure the elapsed time to reach the
target speed, to the nearest 0.01 s. Repeat this measurement for a total
of five runs. Determine the actual acceleration rate for each run,
aact, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.093

Where:

aact = acceleration rate (decelerations have negative
values).
Sfinal = the target value for the final roll speed.
Sinit = the setpoint value for the initial roll speed.
t = time to accelerate from Sinit to Sfinal.

Example:

Sinal = 40 mph
Sinit = 10 mph
t = 30.003 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.094

aact = 0.999 mph/s

(3) Program the dynamometer to decelerate the roll at a nominal rate
of 1 mph/s from 40 mph to 10 mph. Measure the elapsed time to reach the
target speed, to the nearest 0.01 s. Repeat this measurement for a total
of five runs. Determine the actual acceleration rate, aact,
using Equation 1066.265-2.
(4) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) of this section
for additional acceleration and deceleration rates in 1 mph/s increments
up to and including one increment above the maximum acceleration rate
expected during testing. Average the five repeat runs to calculate a
mean acceleration rate, aact, at each setting.
(5) Compare each mean acceleration rate, aact, to the
corresponding nominal acceleration rate, aref, to determine
values for acceleration error, aerror, using the following
equation:

[[Page 884]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.095

Example:

aact = 0.999 mph/s
aref = 1 mph/s
aerror = -0.100%

(d) Verification of forces for controlling acceleration and
deceleration. Program the dynamometer with a calculated force value and
determine actual acceleration and deceleration rates as the dynamometer
traverses speeds between 10 and 40 mph at various nominal acceleration
and deceleration rates. Verify the dynamometer's ability to achieve
certain acceleration and deceleration rates with a given force as
follows
(1) Calculate the force setting, F, using the following
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.096

Where:

Ib = the dynamometer manufacturer's stated base inertia, in
lbf[middot]s\2\/ft.
a = nominal acceleration rate, in ft/s\2\.

Example:

Ib = 2967 lbm = 92.217 lbf[middot]s\2\/ft
a = 1 mph/s = 1.4667 ft/s\2\
F = 135.25 lbf

(2) Set the dynamometer to road-load mode and program it with a
calculated force to accelerate the roll at a nominal rate of 1 mph/s
from 10 mph to 40 mph. Measure the elapsed time to reach the target
speed, to the nearest 0.01 s. Repeat this measurement for a total of
five runs. Determine the actual acceleration rate, aact, for
each run using Equation 1066.265-2. Repeat this step to determine
measured ``negative acceleration'' rates using a calculated force to
decelerate the roll at a nominal rate of 1 mph/s from 40 mph to 10 mph.
Average the five repeat runs to calculate a mean acceleration rate,
aact, at each setting.
(3) Repeat the steps in paragraph (d)(2) of this section for
additional acceleration and deceleration rates as specified in paragraph
(c)(4) of this section.
(4) Compare each mean acceleration rate, aact, to the
corresponding nominal acceleration rate, aref, to determine
values for acceleration error, aerror, using Equation
1066.265-4.
(e) Performance evaluation. The acceleration error from paragraphs
(c)(5) and (d)(4) of this section may not exceed 1.0%.

Sec. 1066.270 Unloaded coastdown verification.

(a) Overview. Use force measurements to verify the dynamometer's
settings based on coastdown procedures.
(b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation, within 7 days of testing, and after major maintenance.
(c) Procedure. This procedure verifies the dynamometer's settings
derived from coastdown testing. For dynamometers that have an automated
process for this procedure, perform this evaluation by setting the
initial speed and final speed and the inertial and road-load
coefficients as required for each test, using good engineering judgment
to ensure that these values properly represent in-use operation. Use the

[[Page 885]]

following procedure if your dynamometer does not perform this
verification with an automated process:
(1) Warm up the dynamometer as specified by the dynamometer
manufacturer.
(2) With the dynamometer in coastdown mode, set the dynamometer
inertia for the smallest vehicle weight that you expect to test and set
A, B, and C road-load coefficients to values typical of those used
during testing. Program the dynamometer to operate at 10 mph. Perform a
coastdown two times at this speed setting. Repeat these coastdown steps
in 10 mph increments up to and including one increment above the maximum
speed expected during testing. You may stop the verification before
reaching 0 mph, with any appropriate adjustments in calculating the
results.
(3) Repeat the steps in paragraph (c)(2) of this section with the
dynamometer inertia set for the largest vehicle weight that you expect
to test.
(4) Determine the average coastdown force, F, for each speed and
inertia setting using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.097

Where:
F = the average force measured during the coastdown for each speed and
inertia setting, expressed in lbf[middot]s\2\/ft and rounded
to four significant figures.
I = the dynamometer's inertia setting, in lbf[middot]s\2\/ft.
Ssi = the speed setting at the start of the coastdown,
expressed in ft/s and rounded to four significant figures.
t = coastdown time for each speed and inertia setting, accurate to at
least 0.01 s.

Example:

I = 2000 lbm = 65.17 lbf[middot]s\2\/ft
Ssi = 10 mph = 14.66 ft/s
t = 5.00 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.098

F = 191 lbf

(5) Calculate the target value of coastdown force, Fref,
based on the applicable dynamometer parameters for each speed and
inertia setting.
(6) Compare the mean value of the coastdown force measured for each
speed and inertia setting, Fact, to the corresponding
Fref to determine values for coastdown force
error,Ferror, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.099

[[Page 886]]

Example:
Fref = 192 lbf
Fact = 191 lbf
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.100

Ferror = -0.5%

(7) The maximum allowable error, Ferrormax, for all speed
and inertia settings is calculated from the following formula, except
that Ferrormax for vehicles with GVWR above 14,000 lbs may be
up to 1.0%:
Ferrormax (%) = (2.2 lbf/Fref)[middot]100

Sec. 1066.280 Driver's aid.

Use good engineering judgment to provide a driver's aid that
facilitates compliance with the requirements of Sec. 1066.430.

Subpart D_Coastdown

Sec. 1066.301 Overview of coastdown procedures.

(a) The coastdown procedures described in this subpart are used to
determine the load coefficients (A, B, and C) for the simulated road-
load equation in Sec. 1066.210(d)(3).
(b) The general procedure for performing coastdown tests and
calculating load coefficients is described in SAE J1263 and SAE J2263
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 1066.710). This subpart specifies
certain deviations from those procedures for certain applications.
(c) Use good engineering judgment for all aspects of coastdown
testing. For example, minimize the effects of grade by performing
coastdown testing on reasonably level surfaces and determining
coefficients based on average values from vehicle operation in opposite
directions over the course.

Sec. 1066.310 Coastdown procedures for heavy-duty vehicles.

This section describes coastdown procedures that are unique to
heavy-duty motor vehicles. Note as specified in the standard setting
parts, this section does not apply for certain heavy-duty vehicles, such
as those regulated under 40 CFR part 86, subpart S.
(a) Determine load coefficients by performing a minimum of 16 valid
coastdown runs (8 in each direction).
(b) Follow the provisions of Sections 1 through 9 of SAE J1263, and
SAE J2263 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1066.710), except as
described in this paragraph (b). The terms and variables identified in
this paragraph (b) have the meaning given in SAE J1263 or J2263 unless
specified otherwise.
(1) The test condition specifications of SAE J1263 apply except as
follows for wind and road conditions:
(i) We recommend that you do not perform coastdown testing on days
for which winds are forecast to exceed 6.0 mph.
(ii) The grade of the test track or road must not be excessive
(considering factors such as road safety standards and effects on the
coastdown results). Road conditions should follow Section 7.4 of SAE
J1263, except that road grade may exceed 0.5%. If road grade is greater
than 0.02% over the length of the test surface, then the road grade as a
function of distance along the length of the test surface must be
incorporated in the analysis. To calculate the force due to grade use
Section 11.5 of SAE J2263.
(2) You must reach a top speed of greater than 70 mph such that data
collection of the coastdown can start at or above 70 mph. Data
collection must occur through a minimum speed at or below 15 mph. Data
analysis for valid coastdown runs must include a maximum speed of 70 mph
and a minimum speed of 15 mph.
(3) Gather data regarding wind speed and direction, in coordination
with time-of-day data, using at least one

[[Page 887]]

stationary electro-mechanical anemometer and suitable data loggers
meeting the specifications of SAE J1263, as well as the following
additional specifications for the anemometer placed adjacent to the test
surface:
(i) Run the zero-wind and zero-angle calibration data collection.
(ii) The anemometer must have had its outputs recorded at a wind
speed of 0.0 mph within 24 hours before each coastdown test in which it
is used.
(iii) Record the location of the anemometer using a GPS measurement
device adjacent to the test surface (approximately) at the midway
distance along the test surface used for coastdowns.
(iv) Position the anemometer such that it will be at least 2.5 but
not more than 3.0 vehicle widths from the test vehicle's centerline as
the test vehicle passes the location of that anemometer.
(v) Mount the anemometer at a height that is within 6 inches of half
the test vehicle's maximum height.
(vi) Place the anemometer at least 50 feet from the nearest tree and
at least 25 feet from the nearest bush (or equivalent roadside
features).
(vii) The height of the grass surrounding the stationary anemometer
may not exceed 10% of the anemometer's mounted height, within a radius
equal to the anemometer's mounted height.
(4) You may split runs as per Section 9.3.1 of SAE J2263, but we
recommend whole runs. If you split a run, analyze each portion
separately, but count the split runs as one run with respect to the
minimum number of runs required.
(5) You may perform consecutive runs in a single direction, followed
by consecutive runs in the opposite direction, consistent with good
engineering judgment. Harmonize starting and stopping points to the
extent practicable to allow runs to be paired.
(6) All valid coastdown run times in each direction must be within
2.0 standard deviations of the mean of the valid coastdown run times
(from 70 mph down to 15 mph) in that direction. Eliminate runs outside
this range. After eliminating these runs you must have at least eight
valid runs each direction.
(7) Determine drag area, CDA, as follows instead of using
the procedure specified in SAE J1263, Section 10:
(i) Measure vehicle speed at fixed intervals over the coastdown run
(generally at 10 Hz), including speeds at or above 15 mph and at or
below 70 mph. Establish the height or altitude corresponding to each
interval as described in SAE J2263 if you need to incorporate the
effects of road grade.
(ii) Calculate the vehicle's effective mass, Me, in kg by
adding 56.7 kg to the vehicle mass for each tire making road contact.
This accounts for the rotational inertia of the wheels and tires.
(iii) Calculate the road-load force for each measurement
interval,Fi, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.101

Where:
v = Vehicle speed at the beginning and end of the measurement interval.
Let v0 = 0.
[Delta]t = Elapsed time over the measurement interval.

(iv) Plot the data from all the coastdown runs on a single plot of
Fi vs. vi\2\ to determine the slope correlation,
D, based on the following equation:

[[Page 888]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.102

Where:
g = Gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/s\2\.
[Delta]h = Change in height or altitude over the measurement interval,
in m. Assume [Delta]h = 0 if you are not correcting for grade.
[Delta]s = Distance the vehicle travels down the road during the
measurement interval, in m.
Am = the calculated value of the y-intercept based on the
curve-fit.

(v) Calculate drag area, CDA, in m2 using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.103

Where:
[rho] = Air density at reference conditions = 1.17 kg/m\3\.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.104

T = Average ambient temperature during testing, in K.
PB = Average ambient pressuring during the test, in kPa.

(8) Determine the A, B, and C coefficients identified in Sec.
1066.210 as follows:
A = Am
B = 0
C = Dadj

Subpart E_Vehicle Preparation and Running a Test

Sec. 1066.401 Overview.

(a) Use the procedures detailed in this subpart to measure vehicle
emissions over a specified drive schedule. This subpart describes how
to:
(1) Determine road-load power, test weight, and inertia class.
(2) Prepare the vehicle, equipment, and measurement instruments for
an emission test.
(3) Perform pre-test procedures to verify proper operation of
certain equipment and analyzers and to prepare them for testing.
(4) Record pre-test data.
(5) Sample emissions.
(6) Record post-test data.
(7) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation of
certain equipment and analyzers.
(8) Weigh PM samples.

[[Page 889]]

(b) An emission test generally consists of measuring emissions and
other parameters while a vehicle follows the drive schedules specified
in the standard-setting part. There are two general types of test
cycles:
(1) Transient cycles. Transient test cycles are typically specified
in the standard-setting part as a second-by-second sequence of vehicle
speed commands. Operate a vehicle over a transient cycle such that the
speed follows the target values. Proportionally sample emissions and
other parameters and use the calculations in 40 CFR part 86, subpart B,
or 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G, to calculate emissions. The standard-
setting part may specify three types of transient testing based on the
approach to starting the measurement, as follows:
(i) A cold-start transient cycle where you start to measure
emissions just before starting an engine that has not been warmed up.
(ii) A hot-start transient cycle where you start to measure
emissions just before starting a warmed-up engine.
(iii) A hot running transient cycle where you start to measure
emissions after an engine is started, warmed up, and running.
(2) Cruise cycles. Cruise test cycles are typically specified in the
standard-setting part as a discrete operating point that has a single
speed command.
(i) Start a cruise cycle as a hot running test, where you start to
measure emissions after the engine is started and warmed up and the
vehicle is running at the target test speed.
(ii) Sample emissions and other parameters for the cruise cycle in
the same manner as a transient cycle, with the exception that the
reference speed value is constant. Record instantaneous and mean speed
values over the cycle.

Sec. 1066.407 Vehicle preparation and preconditioning.

This section describes steps to take before measuring exhaust
emissions for those vehicles that are subject to evaporative or
refueling emission tests as specified in the standard setting part.
Other preliminary procedures may apply as specified in the standard-
setting part.
(a) Prepare the vehicle for testing as described in 40 CFR 86.131.
(b) If testing will include measurement of refueling emissions,
perform the vehicle preconditioning steps as described in 40 CFR 86.153.
Otherwise, perform the vehicle preconditioning steps as described in 40
CFR 86.132.

Sec. 1066.410 Dynamometer test procedure.

(a) Dynamometer testing may consist of multiple drive cycles with
both cold-start and hot-start portions, including prescribed soak times
before each test phase. See the standard-setting part for test cycles
and soak times for the appropriate vehicle category. A test phase
consists of engine startup (with accessories operated according to the
standard-setting part), operation over the drive cycle, and engine
shutdown.
(b) During dynamometer operation, position a cooling fan that
appropriately directs cooling air to the vehicle. This generally
requires squarely positioning the fan within 30 centimeters of the front
of the vehicle and directing the airflow to the vehicle's radiator.
(1) For vehicles with GVWR at or below 14,000 lbs, you may use
either of the following cooling fan configurations:
(i) Use a fixed-speed fan to appropriately direct cooling air to the
vehicle with the engine compartment cover open. The fan capacity may not
exceed 2.50 m\3\/s. If you determine that additional cooling is needed
to properly represent in-use operation, use good engineering judgment to
increase the fan's capacity or use additional fans, subject to our
approval.
(ii) Use a road-speed modulated fan system that achieves a linear
speed of cooling air at the blower outlet that is within 3.0 mph (1.3 m/s) of the
corresponding roll speed when vehicle speeds are between 5 and 30 mph
(2.2 to 13.4 m/s), and within 6.5 mph (2.9 m/s) of the corresponding roll speed at higher
vehicle speeds. The fan must provide no cooling air for vehicle speeds
below 5 mph, unless we approve your request to provide cooling during
low-speed operation based on a demonstration that this is appropriate to
simulate cooling

[[Page 890]]

for in-use vehicles. We recommend that the cooling fan have a minimum
opening of 0.2 m\2\ and a minimum width of 0.8 m.
(2) For vehicles with GVWR above 14,000 lbs, use a road-speed
modulated fan system that achieves a linear speed of cooling air at the
blower outlet that is within 3.0 mph (1.3 m/s) of the corresponding roll speed when vehicle
speeds are between 5 and 30 mph (2.2 to 13.4 m/s), and within 10 mph (4.5 m/s) of the
corresponding roll speed at higher vehicle speeds. The fan must provide
no cooling air for vehicle speeds below 5 mph, unless we approve your
request to provide cooling during low-speed operation based on a
demonstration that this is appropriate to simulate the cooling
experienced by in-use vehicles. We recommend that the cooling fan have a
minimum opening of 2.75 m\2\, a minimum flow rate of 3,600 m\3\/min at
50 mph, and that it maintain a minimum speed profile across the duct, in
the free stream flow, of 15% of the target flow
rate.
(3) If the cooling specifications in this paragraph (b) are
impractical for special vehicle designs, such as vehicles with rear-
mounted engines, you may arrange for an alternative fan configuration
that allows for proper simulation of vehicle cooling during in-use
operation, subject to our approval.
(c) Record the vehicle's speed trace based on the time and speed
data from the dynamometer. Record speed to at least the nearest 0.01 m/s
or 0.1 mph and time to at least the nearest 0.1 s.
(d) You may perform practice runs for operating the vehicle and the
dynamometer controls to meet the driving tolerances specified in Sec.
1066.430 or adjust the emission sampling equipment. Verify that the
accelerator pedal allows for enough control to closely follow the
prescribed driving schedule. You may not measure emissions during a
practice run.
(e) Inflate the drive wheel tires according to the vehicle
manufacturer's specifications. The drive wheels' tire pressure must be
the same for dynamometer operation and for coastdown procedures for
determining road-load coefficients. Report these tire pressure values
with the test results.
(f) For vehicles with GVWR above 14,000 lbs, you must use a vehicle
pull down mechanism that allows simulation of the actual normal forces
that the tire and dynamometer roll interface would see if a loaded
vehicle were actually being tested. Use of this mechanism will ensure
that wheel slip does not occur when trying to accelerate the loaded
vehicle.
(g) Use good engineering judgment when testing vehicles in four-
wheel drive or all-wheel drive mode. This may involve testing on a
dynamometer with a separate dynamometer roll for each drive axle. This
may also involve operation on a single roll, which may require
disengaging the second set of drive wheels, either with a switch
available to the driver or by some other means; however, operating such
a vehicle on a single roll may occur only if this does not decrease
emissions or energy consumption relative to normal in-use operation.
Alternatively, for heavy-duty motor vehicles, up to two drive axles may
use a single drive roll, as described in Sec. 1066.210(d)(2).
(h) Warm up the dynamometer as recommended by the dynamometer
manufacturer.
(i) Following the test, determine the actual driving distance by
counting the number of dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, or by
integrating speed over the course of testing from a high-resolution
encoder system.

Sec. 1066.420 Pre-test verification procedures and pre-test data collection.

(a) Follow the procedures for PM sample preconditioning and tare
weighing as described in 40 CFR 1065.590 if your engine must comply with
a PM standard.
(b) Unless the standard-setting part specifies different tolerances,
verify at some point before the test that ambient conditions are within
the tolerances specified in this paragraph (b). For purposes of this
paragraph (b), ``before the test'' means any time from a point just
prior to engine starting (excluding engine restarts) to the point at
which emission sampling begins.

[[Page 891]]

(1) Ambient temperature must be (20 to 30) [deg]C. See Sec.
1066.430(m) for circumstances under which ambient temperatures must
remain within this range during the test.
(2) Atmospheric pressure must be (80.000 to 103.325) kPa. You are
not required to verify atmospheric pressure prior to a hot-start test
interval for testing that also includes a cold start.
(3) Dilution air conditions must meet the specifications in 40 CFR
1065.140, except in cases where you preheat your CVS before a cold-start
test. We recommend verifying dilution air conditions just before
starting each test phase.
(c) You may test vehicles at any intake-air humidity.
(d) You may perform a final calibration of proportional-flow control
systems, which may include performing practice runs.
(e) You may perform the following procedure to precondition sampling
systems:
(1) Operate the vehicle over the test cycle.
(2) Operate any dilution systems at their expected flow rates.
Prevent aqueous condensation in the dilution systems.
(3) Operate any PM sampling systems at their expected flow rates.
(4) Sample PM for at least 10 min using any sample media. You may
change sample media during preconditioning. You must discard
preconditioning samples without weighing them.
(5) You may purge any gaseous sampling systems during
preconditioning.
(6) You may conduct calibrations or verifications on any idle
equipment or analyzers during preconditioning.
(7) Proceed with the test sequence described in Sec. 1066.430.
(f) Verify the amount of nonmethane hydrocarbon (or equivalent)
contamination in the exhaust and background HC sampling systems within 8
hours before the start of the first test drive cycle for each individual
vehicle tested as described in 40 CFR 1065.520(g).

Sec. 1066.425 Engine starting and restarting.

(a) Start the vehicle's engine as follows:
(1) At the beginning of the test cycle, start the engine according
to the procedure you describe in your owners manual. In the case of
hybrid vehicles, this would generally involve activating vehicle systems
such that the engine will start when the vehicle's control algorithms
determine that the engine should provide power instead of or in addition
to power from the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS). Unless we
specify otherwise, engine starting throughout this part generally refers
to this step of activating the system on hybrid vehicles, whether or not
that causes the engine to start running.
(2) Place the transmission in gear as described by the test cycle in
the standard-setting part. During idle operation, you may apply the
brakes if necessary to keep the drive wheels from turning.
(b) If the vehicle does not start after your recommended maximum
cranking time, wait and restart cranking according to your recommended
practice. If you don't recommend such a cranking procedure, stop
cranking after 10 seconds, wait for 10 seconds, then start cranking gain
for up to 10 seconds. You may repeat this for up to three start
attempts. If the vehicle does not start after three attempts, you must
determine and record the reason for failure to start. Shut off sampling
systems and either turn the CVS off, or disconnect the exhaust tube from
the tailpipe during the diagnostic period. Reschedule the vehicle for
testing from a cold start.
(c) Repeat the recommended starting procedure if the engine has a
``false start.''
(d) Take the following steps if the engine stalls:
(1) If the engine stalls during an idle period, restart the engine
immediately and continue the test. If you cannot restart the engine soon
enough to allow the vehicle to follow the next acceleration, stop the
driving schedule indicator and reactivate it when the vehicle restarts.
(2) If the engine stalls during operation other than idle, stop the
driving schedule indicator, restart the engine, accelerate to the speed
required at that

[[Page 892]]

point in the driving schedule, reactivate the driving schedule
indicator, and continue the test.
(3) Void the test if the vehicle will not restart within one minute.
If this happens, remove the vehicle from the dynamometer, take
corrective action, and reschedule the vehicle for testing. Record the
reason for the malfunction (if determined) and any corrective action.
See the standard-setting part for instructions about reporting these
malfunctions.

Sec. 1066.430 Performing emission tests.

The overall test consists of prescribed sequences of fueling,
parking, and driving at specified test conditions.
(a) Vehicles are tested for criteria pollutants and greenhouse gas
emissions as described in the standard-setting part.
(b) Take the following steps before emission sampling begins:
(1) For batch sampling, connect clean storage media, such as
evacuated bags or tare-weighed filters.
(2) Start all measurement instruments according to the instrument
manufacturer's instructions and using good engineering judgment.
(3) Start dilution systems, sample pumps, and the data-collection
system.
(4) Pre-heat or pre-cool heat exchangers in the sampling system to
within their operating temperature tolerances for a test.
(5) Allow heated or cooled components such as sample lines, filters,
chillers, and pumps to stabilize at their operating temperatures.
(6) Verify that there are no significant vacuum-side leaks according
to 40 CFR 1065.345.
(7) Adjust the sample flow rates to desired levels using bypass
flow, if desired.
(8) Zero or re-zero any electronic integrating devices before the
start of any test interval.
(9) Select gas analyzer ranges. You may automatically or manually
switch gas analyzer ranges during a test only if switching is performed
by changing the span over which the digital resolution of the instrument
is applied. During a test you may not switch the gains of an analyzer's
analog operational amplifier(s).
(10) Zero and span all continuous gas analyzers using NIST-traceable
gases that meet the specifications of 40 CFR 1065.750. Span FID
analyzers on a carbon number basis of one (C1). For example,
if you use a C3H8 span gas of concentration 200
[micro]mol/mol, span the FID to respond with a value of 600 [micro]mol/
mol. Span FID analyzers consistent with the determination of their
respective response factors, RF, and penetration fractions, PF,
according to 40 CFR 1065.365.
(11) We recommend that you verify gas analyzer responses after
zeroing and spanning by sampling a calibration gas that has a
concentration near one-half of the span gas concentration. Based on the
results and good engineering judgment, you may decide whether or not to
re-zero, re-span, or re-calibrate a gas analyzer before starting a test.
(12) If you correct for dilution air background concentrations of
associated engine exhaust constituents, start sampling and recording
background concentrations.
(13) Turn on cooling fans immediately before starting the test.
(c) Operate vehicles during testing as follows:
(1) Where we do not give specific instructions, operate the vehicle
according to your recommendations in the owners manual, unless those
recommendations are unrepresentative of what may reasonably be expected
for in-use operation.
(2) If vehicles have features that preclude dynamometer testing,
modify these features as necessary to allow testing, consistent with
good engineering judgment.
(3) Operate vehicles during idle as follows:
(i) For a vehicle with an automatic transmission, operate at idle
with the transmission in ``Drive'' with the wheels braked, except that
you may shift to ``Neutral'' for the first idle period and for any idle
period longer than one minute. If you put the vehicle in ``Neutral''
during an idle, you must shift the vehicle into ``Drive'' with the
wheels braked at least 5 seconds before the end of the idle period.

[[Page 893]]

(ii) For vehicles with manual transmission, operate at idle with the
transmission in gear with the clutch disengaged, except that you may
shift to ``Neutral'' with the clutch disengaged for the first idle
period and for any idle period longer than one minute. If you put the
vehicle in ``Neutral'' during idle, you must shift to first gear with
the clutch disengaged at least 5 seconds before the end of the idle
period.
(4) Operate the vehicle with the appropriate accelerator pedal
movement necessary to achieve the speed versus time relationship
prescribed by the driving schedule. Avoid smoothing speed variations and
excessive accelerator pedal perturbations.
(5) Operate the vehicle smoothly, following representative shift
speeds and procedures. For manual transmissions, the operator shall
release the accelerator pedal during each shift and accomplish the shift
with minimum time. If the vehicle cannot accelerate at the specified
rate, operate it at maximum available power until the vehicle speed
reaches the value prescribed for that time in the driving schedule.
(6) Decelerate without changing gears, using the brakes or
accelerator pedal as necessary to maintain the desired speed. Keep the
clutch engaged on manual transmission vehicles and do not change gears
after the end of the acceleration event. Depress manual transmission
clutches when the speed drops below 6.7 m/s (15 mph), when engine
roughness is evident, or when engine stalling is imminent.
(7) For test vehicles equipped with manual transmissions, shift
gears in a way that represents reasonable shift patterns for in-use
operation, considering vehicle speed, engine speed, and any other
relevant variables. You may recommend a shift schedule in your owners
manual that differs from your shift schedule during testing as long as
you include both shift schedules in your application for certification.
In this case, we may use the shift schedule you describe in your owners
manual.
(d) See the standard-setting part for drive schedules. These are
defined by a smooth trace drawn through the specified speed vs. time
sequence.
(e) The driver must attempt to follow the target schedule as closely
as possible, consistent with the specifications in paragraph (b) of this
section. Instantaneous speeds must stay within the following tolerances:
(1) The upper limit is 1.0 m/s (2 mph) higher than the highest point
on the trace within 1.0 s of the given point in time.
(2) The lower limit is 1.0 m/s (2 mph) lower than the lowest point
on the trace within 1.0 s of the given time.
(3) The same limits apply for vehicle preconditioning, except that
the upper and lower limits for speed values are 2.0 m/s (4 mph).
(4) Void the test if you do not maintain speed values as specified
in this paragraph (e)(4). Speed variations (such as may occur during
gear changes or braking spikes) may occur as follows, provided that such
variations are clearly documented, including the time and speed values
and the reason for the deviation:
(i) Speed variations greater than the specified limits are
acceptable for up to 2.0 seconds on any occasion.
(ii) For vehicles that are not able to maintain acceleration as
specified in paragraph (c)(5) of this section, do not count the
insufficient acceleration as being outside the specified limits.
(f) Figure 1 and Figure 2 of this section show the range of
acceptable speed tolerances for typical points during testing. Figure 1
of this section is typical of portions of the speed curve that are
increasing or decreasing throughout the 2-second time interval. Figure 2
of this section is typical of portions of the speed curve that include a
maximum or minimum value.

[[Page 894]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.105

(g) Start testing as follows:
(1) If a vehicle is already running and warmed up, and starting is
not part of the test cycle, operate the vehicle as follows:

[[Page 895]]

(i) For transient test cycles, control vehicle speeds to follow a
drive schedule consisting of a series of idles, accelerations, cruises,
and decelerations.
(ii) For cruise test cycles, control the vehicle operation to match
the speed of the first phase of the test cycle. Follow the instructions
in the standard-setting part to determine how long to stabilize the
vehicle during each phase, how long to sample emissions at each phase,
and how to transition between phases.
(2) If engine starting is part of the test cycle, initiate data
logging, sampling of exhaust gases, and integrating measured values
before starting the engine. Initiate the driver's trace when the engine
starts.
(h) At the end of each test interval, continue to operate all
sampling and dilution systems to allow the response times to elapse.
Then stop all sampling and recording, including the recording of
background samples. Finally, stop any integrating devices and indicate
the end of the duty cycle in the recorded data.
(i) Shut down the vehicle if it is part of the test cycle or if
testing is complete.
(j) If testing involves engine shutdown followed by another test
phase, start a timer for the vehicle soak when the engine shuts down.
(k) Take the following steps after emission sampling is complete:
(1) For any proportional batch sample, such as a bag sample or PM
sample, verify that proportional sampling was maintained according to 40
CFR 1065.545. Void any samples that did not maintain proportional
sampling according to specifications.
(2) Place any used PM samples into covered or sealed containers and
return them to the PM-stabilization environment. Follow the PM sample
post-conditioning and total weighing procedures in 40 CFR 1065.595.
(3) As soon as practical after the test cycle is complete, or
optionally during the soak period if practical, perform the following:
(i) Drift check all continuous gas analyzers and zero and span all
batch gas analyzers no later than 30 minutes after the test cycle is
complete, or during the soak period if practical.
(ii) Analyze any conventional gaseous batch samples no later than 30
minutes after a test phase is complete, or during the soak period if
practical. Analyze nonconventional gaseous batch samples, such as NMHCE
sampling with ethanol, as soon as practicable using good engineering
judgment.
(iii) Analyze background samples no later than 60 minutes after the
test cycle is complete.
(4) After quantifying exhaust gases, verify drift as follows:
(i) For batch and continuous gas analyzers, record the mean analyzer
value after stabilizing a zero gas to the analyzer. Stabilization may
include time to purge the analyzer of any sample gas, plus any
additional time to account for analyzer response.
(ii) Record the mean analyzer value after stabilizing the span gas
to the analyzer. Stabilization may include time to purge the analyzer of
any sample gas, plus any additional time to account for analyzer
response.
(iii) Use these data to validate and correct for drift as described
in 40 CFR 1065.550.
(l) [Reserved]
(m) Measure and record ambient temperature and pressure. Also
measure humidity, as required, such as for correcting NOX
emissions. For testing vehicles with the following engines, you must
record ambient temperature continuously to verify that it remains within
the temperature range specified in Sec. 1066.420(b)(1) throughout the
test:
(1) Air-cooled engines.
(2) Engines equipped with emission control devices that sense and
respond to ambient temperature.
(3) Any other engine for which good engineering judgment indicates
that this is necessary to remain consistent with 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(1).

Subpart F_Hybrids

Sec. 1066.501 Overview.

To correct fuel economy or emission results for Net Energy Change of
the RESS, use the procedures specified for charge-sustaining operation
in SAE J2711 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1066.710).

[[Page 896]]

Subpart G_Calculations

Sec. 1066.601 Overview.

(a) This subpart describes how to--
(1) Use the signals recorded before, during, and after an emission
test to calculate distance-specific emissions of each regulated
pollutant.
(2) Perform calculations for calibrations and performance checks.
(3) Determine statistical values.
(b) You may use data from multiple systems to calculate test results
for a single emission test, consistent with good engineering judgment.
You may also make multiple measurements from a single batch sample, such
as multiple weighing of a PM filter or multiple readings from a bag
sample. You may not use test results from multiple emission tests to
report emissions. We allow weighted means where appropriate. You may
discard statistical outliers, but you must report all results.

Sec. 1066.610 Mass-based and molar-based exhaust emission calculations.

(a) Calculate your total mass of emissions over a test cycle as
specified in 40 CFR 86.144 or 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G.
(b) For composite emission calculations over multiple test phases
and corresponding weighting factors, see the standard-setting part.

Subpart H_Definitions and Other Reference Material

Sec. 1066.701 Definitions.

The definitions in this section apply to this part. The definitions
apply to all subparts unless we note otherwise. Other terms have the
meaning given in 40 CFR part 1065. The definitions follow:
Base inertia means a value expressed in mass units to represent the
rotational inertia of the rotating dynamometer components between the
vehicle driving tires and the dynamometer torque-measuring device, as
specified in Sec. 1066.250.
Driving schedule means a series of vehicle speeds that a vehicle
must follow during a test. Driving schedules are specified in the
standard-setting part. A driving schedule may consist of multiple test
phases.
Duty cycle means a set of weighting factors and the corresponding
test cycles, where the weighting factors are used to combine the results
of multiple test phases into a composite result.
Road-load coefficients means sets of A, B, and C road-load force
coefficients that are used in the dynamometer road-load simulation,
where road-load force at speed S equals A + B[middot]S + C[middot]S\2\.
Test phase means a duration over which a vehicle's emission rates
are determined for comparison to an emission standard. For example, the
standard-setting part may specify a complete duty cycle as a cold-start
test phase and a hot-start test phase. In cases where multiple test
phases occur over a duty cycle, the standard-setting part may specify
additional calculations that weight and combine results to arrive at
composite values for comparison against the applicable standards.
Test weight has the meaning given in the standard-setting part.
Unloaded coastdown means a dynamometer coastdown run with the
vehicle wheels off the roll surface.

Sec. 1066.705 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure.

The procedures in this part generally follow either the
International System of Units (SI) or the United States customary units,
as detailed in NIST Special Publication 811, which we incorporate by
reference in Sec. 1066.710. See 40 CFR 1065.20 for specific provisions
related to these conventions. This section summarizes the way we use
symbols, units of measure, and other abbreviations.
(a) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols and
units of measure for various quantities:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit in terms of SI
Symbol Quantity Unit Unit symbol base units
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a................. acceleration........... feet per second squared ft/s\2\ or m/s\2\ m[middot]s-2
or meters per second
squared.

[[Page 897]]

d................. diameter............... meters................. m m
F................. force.................. pound force or newton.. lbf or N kg[middot]s-2
f................. frequency.............. hertz.................. Hz s-1
I................. inertia................ pound mass or kilogram. lbm or kg kg
i................. indexing variable...... ....................... .................
M................. mass................... pound mass or kilogram. lbm or kg kg
N................. total number in series. ....................... .................
n................. total number of pulses ....................... .................
in a series.
R................. dynamometer roll revolutions per minute. rpm 2[middot][pi]
revolutions. [middot]60-1 [middot]
m[middot] m- 1[middot]
s-1
RL................ road-load coefficient.. horsepower or kilowatt. hp or kW 10\3\[middot]m\2\[middo
t]kg[middot]s-3
S................. speed.................. miles per hour or mph or m/s m[middot]s-1
meters per second.
T................. Celsius temperature.... degree Celsius......... [deg]C K-273.15
T................. torque (moment of newton meter........... N[middot]m m\2\[middot]kg[middot]s-
force). 2
t................. time................... second................. s s
[Delta]t.......... time interval, period, second................. s s
1/frequency.
y................. generic variable....... ....................... ................. .......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Symbols for chemical species. This part uses the following
symbols for chemical species and exhaust constituents:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Superscript Quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
overbar (such as) y8...................... arithmetic mean
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts to define a
quantity:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subscript Quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
int.................................... speed interval
abs.................................... absolute quantity
act.................................... actual or measured condition
actint................................. actual or measured condition
over the speed interval
atmos.................................. atmospheric
b...................................... base
c...................................... coastdown
e...................................... effective
error.................................. error
exp.................................... expected quantity
i...................................... an individual of a series
final.................................. final
init................................... initial quantity, typically
before an emission test
max.................................... the maximum (i.e., peak) value
expected at the standard over
a test interval; not the
maximum of an instrument range
meas................................... measured quantity
ref.................................... reference quantity
rev.................................... revolution
roll................................... dynamometer roll
s...................................... settling
sat.................................... saturated condition
si..................................... speed interval
span................................... span quantity
test................................... test quantity
uncor.................................. uncorrected quantity
zero................................... zero quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(e) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following
additional abbreviations and acronyms:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------
CFR.................................... Code of Federal Regulations
EPA.................................... Environmental Protection Agency
FID.................................... flame-ionization detector
GVWR................................... gross vehicle weight rating
NIST................................... National Institute for
Standards and Technology
RESS................................... rechargeable energy storage
system
SAE.................................... Society of Automotive Engineers
U.S.C.................................. United States Code
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 1066.710 Reference materials.

[[Page 898]]

the material must be available to the public. All approved material is
available for inspection at U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and
Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West
Building, Washington, DC 20460, (202) 202-1744, and is available from
the sources listed below. It is also available for inspection at the
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on
the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to
http://www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--
regulations/ibr--locations.html.
(b) Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, (877) 606-7323 (U.S. and Canada) or (724)
776-4970 (outside the U.S. and Canada), http://www.sae.org.
(1) SAE J1263, Road Load Measurement and Dynamometer Simulation
Using Coastdown Techniques, Revised March 2010, IBR approved for
Sec. Sec. 1066.301(b) and 1066.310(b).
(2) SAE J2263, Road Load Measurement Using Onboard Anemometry and
Coastdown Techniques, Revised December 2008, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.
1066.301(b), and 1066.310(b).
(3) SAE J2711, Recommended Practice for Measuring Fuel Economy and
Emissions of Hybrid-Electric and Conventional Heavy-Duty Vehicles,
Issued September 2002, IBR approved for Sec. 1066.501.
(c) National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau
Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, (301) 975-6478, http://
www.nist.gov, or [email protected].
(1) NIST Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition, Guide for the Use of
the International System of Units (SI), March 2008, IBR approved for
Sec. Sec. 1066.20(a) and 1066.705.
(2) [Reserved]

PART 1068_GENERAL COMPLIANCE PROVISIONS FOR HIGHWAY, STATIONARY, AND NONROAD

PROGRAMS--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Applicability and Miscellaneous Provisions

Sec.
1068.1 Does this part apply to me?
1068.2 How does this part apply for engines and how does it apply for
equipment?
1068.5 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?
1068.10 What provisions apply to confidential information?
1068.15 What general provisions apply for EPA decision-making?
1068.20 May EPA enter my facilities for inspections?
1068.25 What information must I give to EPA?
1068.27 May EPA conduct testing with my production engines/equipment?
1068.30 What definitions apply to this part?
1068.31 What provisions apply to nonroad or stationary engines that
change their status?
1068.35 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?
1068.40 What special provisions apply for implementing changes in the
regulations?
1068.45 General labeling provisions.
1068.95 What materials does this part reference?

Subpart B_Prohibited Actions and Related Requirements

1068.101 What general actions does this regulation prohibit?
1068.103 What are the provisions related to the duration and
applicability of certificates of conformity?
1068.105 What other provisions apply to me specifically if I manufacture
equipment needing certified engines?
1068.110 What other provisions apply to engines/equipment in service?
1068.115 When must manufacturers honor emission-related warranty claims?
1068.120 What requirements must I follow to rebuild engines?
1068.125 What happens if I violate the regulations?

Subpart C_Exemptions and Exclusions

1068.201 Does EPA exempt or exclude any engines/equipment from the
prohibited acts?
1068.210 What are the provisions for exempting test engines/equipment?
1068.215 What are the provisions for exempting manufacturer-owned
engines/equipment?
1068.220 What are the provisions for exempting display engines/
equipment?
1068.225 What are the provisions for exempting engines/equipment for
national security?
1068.230 What are the provisions for exempting engines/equipment for
export?
1068.235 What are the provisions for exempting engines/equipment used
solely for competition?

[[Page 899]]

1068.240 What are the provisions for exempting new replacement engines?
1068.245 What temporary provisions address hardship due to unusual
circumstances?
1068.250 What are the provisions for extending compliance deadlines for
small businesses under hardship?
1068.255 What are the provisions for exempting engines and fuel-system
components for hardship for equipment manufacturers and
secondary engine manufacturers?
1068.260 What general provisions apply for selling or shipping engines
that are not yet in their certified configuration?
1068.261 What provisions apply for selling or shipping certified engines
that are not yet in the certified configuration?
1068.262 What are the provisions for temporarily exempting engines for
shipment to secondary engine manufacturers?
1068.265 What provisions apply to engines/equipment that are
conditionally exempted from certification?

Subpart D_Imports 1068.301 What general provisions apply?

1068.305 How do I get an exemption or exclusion for imported engines/
equipment?
1068.310 What are the exclusions for imported engines/equipment?
1068.315 What are the permanent exemptions for imported engines/
equipment?
1068.325 What are the temporary exemptions for imported engines/
equipment?
1068.335 What are the penalties for violations?
1068.360 What restrictions apply to assigning a model year to imported
engines and equipment?

Subpart E_Selective Enforcement Auditing

1068.401 What is a selective enforcement audit?
1068.405 What is in a test order?
1068.410 How must I select and prepare my engines/equipment?
1068.415 How do I test my engines/equipment?
1068.420 How do I know when my engine family fails an SEA?
1068.425 What happens if one of my production-line engines/equipment
exceeds the emission standards?
1068.430 What happens if a family fails an SEA?
1068.435 May I sell engines/equipment from a family with a suspended
certificate of conformity?
1068.440 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?
1068.445 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how
may I sell these engines/equipment again?
1068.450 What records must I send to EPA?
1068.455 What records must I keep?

Appendix A to Subpart E of Part 1068--Plans for Selective Enforcement
Auditing

Subpart F_Reporting Defects and Recalling Engines/Equipment

1068.501 How do I report emission-related defects?
1068.505 How does the recall program work?
1068.510 How do I prepare and apply my remedial plan?
1068.515 How do I mark or label repaired engines/equipment?
1068.520 How do I notify affected owners?
1068.525 What records must I send to EPA?
1068.530 What records must I keep?
1068.535 How can I do a voluntary recall for emission-related problems?

Subpart G_Hearings

1068.601 What are the procedures for hearings?

Appendix I to Part 1068--Emission-Related Components
Appendix II to Part 1068--Emission-Related Parameters and Specifications
Appendix III to Part 1068--High-Altitude Counties

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 73 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Applicability and Miscellaneous Provisions

Sec. 1068.1 Does this part apply to me?

(a) The provisions of this part apply to everyone with respect to
the following engines and to equipment using the following engines
(including owners, operators, parts manufacturers, and persons
performing maintenance):
(1) Locomotives we regulate under 40 CFR part 1033.
(2) Heavy-duty motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines to the
extent and in the manner specified in 40 CFR parts 85, 86, 1036 and
1037.
(3) Land-based nonroad compression-ignition engines we regulate
under 40 CFR part 1039.
(4) Stationary compression-ignition engines certified using the
provisions of 40 CFR part 1039, as indicated in 40 CFR part 60, subpart
IIII.
(5) Marine compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1042.
(6) Marine spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR part
1045.

[[Page 900]]

(7) Large nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1048.
(8) Stationary spark-ignition engines certified using the provisions
of 40 CFR part 1048 or part 1054, as indicated in 40 CFR part 60,
subpart JJJJ.
(9) Recreational engines and vehicles we regulate under 40 CFR part
1051 (such as snowmobiles and off-highway motorcycles).
(10) Small nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1054.
(b) This part does not apply to any of the following engine or
vehicle categories, except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section
or as specified in other parts:
(1) Light-duty motor vehicles (see 40 CFR part 86).
(2) Highway motorcycles (see 40 CFR part 86).
(3) Aircraft engines (see 40 CFR part 87).
(4) Land-based nonroad compression-ignition engines we regulate
under 40 CFR part 89.
(5) Small nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 90.
(c) Paragraph (a) of this section identifies the parts of the CFR
that define emission standards and other requirements for particular
types of engines and equipment. This part 1068 refers to each of these
other parts generically as the ``standard-setting part.'' For example,
40 CFR part 1051 is always the standard-setting part for snowmobiles.
Follow the provisions of the standard-setting part if they are different
than any of the provisions in this part.
(d) Specific provisions in this part 1068 start to apply separate
from the schedule for certifying engines to new emission standards, as
follows:
(1) The provisions of Sec. Sec. 1068.30 and 1068.310 apply for
stationary spark-ignition engines built on or after January 1, 2004, and
for stationary compression-ignition engines built on or after January 1,
2006.
(2) The provisions of Sec. Sec. 1068.30 and 1068.235 apply for the
types of engines/equipment listed in paragraph (a) of this section
beginning January 1, 2004, if they are used solely for competition.

[76 FR 57488, Sept. 15, 2011]

Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 36386, June 18, 2012, Sec. 1068.1 was
amended by revising paragraph (b), effective July 18, 2012. For the
convenience of the user, the revised text is set forth as follows:

Sec. 1068.1 Does this part apply to me?

* * * * *

(b) This part does not apply to any of the following engine or
vehicle categories:
(1) Light-duty motor vehicles (see 40 CFR part 86).
(2) Heavy-duty motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines, except as
specified in 40 CFR part 86.
(3) Aircraft engines, except as specified in 40 CFR part 87.
(4) Land-based nonroad compression-ignition engines we regulate
under 40 CFR part 89.
(5) Small nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 90.
(6) Marine spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 91.
(7) Locomotive engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 92.
(8) Marine compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
parts 89 or 94.

* * * * *

Sec. 1068.2 How does this part apply for engines and how does it apply for

equipment?

(a) See the standard-setting part to determine if engine-based and/
or equipment-based standards apply. (Note: Some equipment is subject to
engine-based standards for exhaust emission and equipment-based
standards for evaporative emissions.)
(b) The provisions of this part apply differently depending on
whether the engine or equipment is required to be certified.
(1) Subpart A and subpart B of this part apply to engines and
equipment, without regard to which is subject to certification
requirements in the standard-setting part.
(2) Subparts C, D, and E of this part apply to the engines or to the
equipment, whichever is subject to certification requirements in the
standard-setting part.
(3) Subpart F of this part generally applies to the engines or to
the equipment, whichever is subject to standards under the standard-
setting part. However, since subpart F of this part addresses in-use
engines and equipment

[[Page 901]]

(in which the engine is installed in the equipment), the requirements do
not always distinguish between engines and equipment.
(c) For issues related to testing, read the term ``engines/
equipment'' to mean engines for engines subject to engine-based testing
and equipment for equipment subject to equipment-based testing;
otherwise, read the term ``engines/equipment'' to mean engines for
sources subject to engine-based standards and equipment for sources
subject to equipment-based standards.
(d) When we use the term engines (rather than engines/equipment),
read it to mean engines without regard to whether the source is subject
to engine-based standards or testing. When we use the term equipment
(rather than engines/equipment), read it to mean equipment without
regard to whether the source is subject to equipment-based standards or
testing. (Note: The definition of ``equipment'' in Sec. 1068.30
includes the engine.)
(e) The terminology convention described in this section is not
intended to limit our authority or your obligations under the Clean Air
Act.

Sec. 1068.5 How must manufacturers apply good engineering judgment?

(a) You must use good engineering judgment for decisions related to
any requirements under this chapter. This includes your applications for
certification, any testing you do to show that your certification,
production-line, and in-use engines/equipment comply with requirements
that apply to them, and how you select, categorize, determine, and apply
these requirements.
(b) If we send you a written request, you must give us a written
description of the engineering judgment in question. Respond within 15
working days of receiving our request unless we allow more time.
(c) We may reject your decision if it is not based on good
engineering judgment or is otherwise inconsistent with the requirements
that apply, based on the following provisions:
(1) We may suspend, revoke, or void a certificate of conformity if
we determine you deliberately used incorrect information or overlooked
important information, that you did not decide in good faith, or that
your decision was not rational.
(2) If we believe a different decision would better reflect good
engineering judgment, but none of the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of
this section apply, we will tell you of our concern (and its basis). You
will have 30 days to respond to our concerns, or more time if we agree
that you need it to generate more information. After considering your
information, we will give you a final ruling. If we conclude that you
did not use good engineering judgment, we may reject your decision and
apply the new ruling to similar situations as soon as possible.
(d) We will tell you in writing of the conclusions we reach under
paragraph (c) of this section and explain our reasons for them.
(e) If you disagree with our conclusions, you may file a request for
a hearing with the Designated Compliance Officer as described in subpart
G of this part. In your request, specify your objections, include data
or supporting analysis, and get your authorized representative's
signature. If we agree that your request raises a substantial factual
issue, we will hold the hearing according to subpart F of this part.

Sec. 1068.10 What provisions apply to confidential information?

[[Page 902]]

Sec. 1068.15 What general provisions apply for EPA decision-making?

(a) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or any
official to whom the Administrator has delegated specific authority may
represent the Agency. For more information, ask for a copy of the
relevant sections of the EPA Delegations Manual from the Designated
Compliance Officer.
(b) The regulations in this part and in the standard-setting part
have specific requirements describing how to get EPA approval before you
take specific actions. These regulations also allow us to waive some
specific requirements. For provisions or flexibilities that we address
frequently, we may choose to provide detailed guidance in supplemental
compliance instructions for manufacturers. Such instructions will
generally state how they relate to the need for pre-approval. Unless we
explicitly state so, you should not consider full compliance with the
instructions to be equivalent to EPA approval.

Sec. 1068.20 May EPA enter my facilities for inspections?

(a) We may inspect your testing, manufacturing processes, storage
facilities (including port facilities for imported engines and equipment
or other relevant facilities), or records, as authorized by the Clean
Air Act, to enforce the provisions of this chapter. Inspectors will have
authorizing credentials and will limit inspections to reasonable times--
usually, normal operating hours.
(b) If we come to inspect, we may or may not have a warrant or court
order.
(1) If we do not have a warrant or court order, you may deny us
entry.
(2) If we have a warrant or court order, you must allow us to enter
the facility and carry out the activities it describes.
(c) We may seek a warrant or court order authorizing an inspection
described in this section whether or not we first tried to get your
permission to inspect.
(d) We may select any facility to do any of the following:
(1) Inspect and monitor any aspect of engine or equipment
manufacturing, assembly, storage, or other procedures, and any
facilities where you do them.
(2) Inspect and monitor any aspect of engine or equipment test
procedures or test-related activities, including test engine/equipment
selection, preparation, service accumulation, emission duty cycles, and
maintenance and verification of your test equipment's calibration.
(3) Inspect and copy records or documents related to assembling,
storing, selecting, and testing an engine or piece of equipment.
(4) Inspect and photograph any part or aspect of engines or
equipment and components you use for assembly.
(e) You must give us reasonable help without charge during an
inspection authorized by the Clean Air Act. For example, you may need to
help us arrange an inspection with the facility's managers, including
clerical support, copying, and translation. You may also need to show us
how the facility operates and answer other questions. If we ask in
writing to see a particular employee at the inspection, you must ensure
that he or she is present (legal counsel may accompany the employee).
(f) If you have facilities in other countries, we expect you to
locate them in places where local law does not keep us from inspecting
as described in this section. We will not try to inspect if we learn
that local law prohibits it, but we may suspend your certificate if we
are not allowed to inspect.

Sec. 1068.25 What information must I give to EPA?

If you are subject to the requirements of this part, we may require
you to give us information to evaluate your compliance with any
regulations that apply, as authorized by the Clean Air Act. This
includes the following things:
(a) You must provide the information we require in this chapter. We
may require an authorized representative of your company to approve and
sign any submission of information to us, and to certify that the
information is accurate and complete.
(b) You must establish and maintain records, perform tests, make
reports and provide additional information that we may reasonably
require under section 208 of the Clean Air Act (42

[[Page 903]]

U.S.C. 7542). This also applies to engines/equipment we exempt from
emission standards or prohibited acts. Unless we specify otherwise, you
must keep required records for eight years.
(c) You are responsible for statements and information in your
applications for certification or any other requests or reports. If you
provide statements or information to someone for submission to EPA, you
are responsible for these statements and information as if you had
submitted them to EPA yourself. For example, knowingly submitting false
information to someone else for inclusion in an application for
certification would be deemed to be a submission of false information to
the U.S. government in violation of 18 U.S.C. 1001.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23058, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.27 May EPA conduct testing with my production engines/equipment?

If we request it, you must make a reasonable number of production-
line engines or pieces of production-line equipment available for a
reasonable time so we can test or inspect them for compliance with the
requirements of this chapter.

Sec. 1068.30 What definitions apply to this part?

The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply
to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the
meaning the Clean Air Act gives to them. The definitions follow:
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream
of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to
reduce emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the
environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) is not aftertreatment.
Aircraft means any vehicle capable of sustained air travel above
treetop heights.
Certificate holder means a manufacturer (including importers) with a
currently valid certificate of conformity for at least one family in a
given model year.
Clean Air Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-
7671q.
Date of manufacture means one of the following:
(1) For engines, the date on which the crankshaft is installed in an
engine block, with the following exceptions:
(i) For engines produced by secondary engine manufacturers under
Sec. 1068.262, date of manufacture means the date the engine is
received from the original engine manufacturer. You may assign an
earlier date up to 30 days before you received the engine, but not
before the crankshaft was installed. You may not assign an earlier date
if you cannot demonstrate the date the crankshaft was installed.
(ii) Manufacturers may assign a date of manufacture at a point in
the assembly process later than the date otherwise specified under this
definition. For example, a manufacturer may use the build date printed
on the label or stamped on the engine as the date of manufacture.
(2) For equipment, the date on which the engine is installed, unless
otherwise specified in the standard-setting part. Manufacturers may
alternatively assign a date of manufacture later in the assembly
process.
Days means calendar days, including weekends and holidays.
Defeat device has the meaning given in the standard-setting part.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Heavy-Duty and
Nonroad Engine Group (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC 20460.
Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement
Division (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave., NW.,Washington, DC 20460.
Engine means an engine block with an installed crankshaft, or a gas
turbine engine. The term engine does not include engine blocks without
an installed crankshaft, nor does it include any assembly of
reciprocating engine components that does not include the engine block.
(Note: For purposes of this definition, any component that is

[[Page 904]]

the primary means of converting an engine's energy into usable work is
considered a crankshaft, whether or not it is known commercially as a
crankshaft.) This includes complete and partially complete engines as
follows:
(1) A complete engine is a fully assembled engine in its final
configuration. In the case of equipment-based standards, an engine is
not considered complete until it is installed in the equipment, even if
the engine itself is fully assembled.
(2) A partially complete engine is an engine that is not fully
assembled or is not in its final configuration. Except where we specify
otherwise in this part or the standard-setting part, partially complete
engines are subject to the same standards and requirements as complete
engines. The following would be considered examples of partially
complete engines:
(i) An engine that is missing certain emission-related components.
(ii) A new engine that was originally assembled as a motor-vehicle
engine that will be recalibrated for use as a nonroad engine.
(iii) A new engine that was originally assembled as a land-based
engine that will be modified for use as a marine propulsion engine.
(iv) A short block consisting of a crankshaft and other engine
components connected to the engine block, but missing the head assembly.
(v) A long block consisting of all engine components except the fuel
system and an intake manifold.
(vi) In the case of equipment-based standards, a fully functioning
engine that is not yet installed in the equipment. For example, a fully
functioning engine that will be installed in an off-highway motorcycle
or a locomotive is considered partially complete until it is installed
in the equipment.
Engine-based standard means an emission standard expressed in units
of grams of pollutant per kilowatt-hour that applies to the engine.
Emission standards are either engine-based or equipment-based. Note that
engines may be subject to additional standards such as smoke standards.
Engine-based test means an emission test intended to measure
emissions in units of grams of pollutant per kilowatt-hour, without
regard to whether the standard applies to the engine or equipment. Note
that some products that are subject to engine-based testing are subject
to additional test requirements such as for smoke.
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware
and calibration within an engine family. Engines within a single engine
configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability
or factors unrelated to emissions.
Engine/equipment and engines/equipment mean engine(s) and/or
equipment depending on the context. Specifically these terms mean the
following:
(1) Engine(s) when only engine-based standards apply.
(2) Engine(s) for testing issues when engine-based testing applies.
(3) Engine(s) and equipment when both engine-based and equipment-
based standards apply.
(4) Equipment when only equipment-based standards apply.
(5) Equipment for testing issues when equipment-based testing
applies.
Equipment means one of the following things:
(1) Any vehicle, vessel, or other type of equipment that is subject
to the requirements of this part or that uses an engine that is subject
to the requirements of this part. An installed engine is part of the
equipment.
(2) Fuel-system components that are subject to an equipment-based
standard under this chapter. Installed fuel-system components are part
of the engine.
Equipment-based standard means an emission standard that applies to
the equipment in which an engine is used or to fuel-system components
associated with an engine, without regard to how the emissions are
measured. If equipment-based standards apply, we require that the
equipment or fuel-system components be certified rather than just the
engine. Emission standards are either engine-based or equipment-based.
For example, recreational vehicles we regulate under 40 CFR part 1051
are subject to equipment-based standards even if emission measurements
are based on engine operation alone.

[[Page 905]]

Exempted means relating to engines/equipment that are not required
to meet otherwise applicable standards. Exempted engines/equipment must
conform to regulatory conditions specified for an exemption in this part
1068 or in the standard-setting part. Exempted engines/equipment are
deemed to be ``subject to'' the standards of the standard-setting part
even though they are not required to comply with the otherwise
applicable requirements. Engines/equipment exempted with respect to a
certain tier of standards may be required to comply with an earlier tier
of standards as a condition of the exemption; for example, engines
exempted with respect to Tier 3 standards may be required to comply with
Tier 1 or Tier 2 standards.
Family means engine family or emission family, as applicable under
the standard-setting part.
Final deteriorated test result has the meaning given in the
standard-setting part. If it is not defined in the standard-setting
part, it means the emission level that results from applying all
appropriate adjustments (such as deterioration factors) to the measured
emission result of the emission-data engine.
Gas turbine engine means anything commercially known as a gas
turbine engine or any collection of assembled engine components that is
substantially similar to engines commercially known as gas turbine
engines. For example, a jet engine is a gas turbine engine. Gas turbine
engines may be complete or partially complete. Turbines that rely on
external combustion such as steam engines are not gas turbine engines.
Good engineering judgment means judgments made consistent with
generally accepted scientific and engineering principles and all
available relevant information.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Clean
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550(1)). In general, this term includes any person
who manufactures an engine or piece of equipment for sale in the United
States or otherwise introduces a new engine or piece of equipment into
U.S. commerce. This includes importers that import new engines or new
equipment into the United States for resale. It also includes secondary
engine manufacturers.
Model year has the meaning given in the standard-setting part.
Unless the standard-setting part specifies otherwise, model year for
individual engines/equipment is based on the date of manufacture or a
later stage in the assembly process determined by the manufacturer,
subject to the limitations described in Sec. Sec. 1068.103 and
1068.360. The model year of a new engine that is neither certified nor
exempt is deemed to be the calendar year in which it is sold, offered
for sale, imported, or delivered or otherwise introduced into U.S.
commerce.
Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703(a).
New has the meaning we give it in the standard-setting part.
Nonroad engine means:
(1) Except as discussed in paragraph (2) of this definition, a
nonroad engine is an internal combustion engine that meets any of the
following criteria:
(i) It is (or will be) used in or on a piece of equipment that is
self-propelled or serves a dual purpose by both propelling itself and
performing another function (such as garden tractors, off-highway mobile
cranes and bulldozers).
(ii) It is (or will be) used in or on a piece of equipment that is
intended to be propelled while performing its function (such as
lawnmowers and string trimmers).
(iii) By itself or in or on a piece of equipment, it is portable or
transportable, meaning designed to be and capable of being carried or
moved from one location to another. Indicia of transportability include,
but are not limited to, wheels, skids, carrying handles, dolly, trailer,
or platform.
(2) An internal combustion engine is not a nonroad engine if it
meets any of the following criteria:
(i) The engine is used to propel a motor vehicle, an aircraft, or
equipment used solely for competition.
(ii) The engine is regulated under 40 CFR part 60, (or otherwise
regulated by a federal New Source Performance Standard promulgated under
section 111 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7411)).

[[Page 906]]

(iii) The engine otherwise included in paragraph (1)(iii) of this
definition remains or will remain at a location for more than 12
consecutive months or a shorter period of time for an engine located at
a seasonal source. A location is any single site at a building,
structure, facility, or installation. Any engine (or engines) that
replaces an engine at a location and that is intended to perform the
same or similar function as the engine replaced will be included in
calculating the consecutive time period. An engine located at a seasonal
source is an engine that remains at a seasonal source during the full
annual operating period of the seasonal source. A seasonal source is a
stationary source that remains in a single location on a permanent basis
(i.e., at least two years) and that operates at that single location
approximately three months (or more) each year. See Sec. 1068.31 for
provisions that apply if the engine is removed from the location.
Operating hours means:
(1) For engine and equipment storage areas or facilities, times
during which people other than custodians and security personnel are at
work near, and can access, a storage area or facility.
(2) For other areas or facilities, times during which an assembly
line operates or any of the following activities occurs:
(i) Testing, maintenance, or service accumulation.
(ii) Production or compilation of records.
(iii) Certification testing.
(iv) Translation of designs from the test stage to the production
stage.
(v) Engine or equipment manufacture or assembly.
Piece of equipment means any vehicle, vessel, locomotive, aircraft,
or other type of equipment using engines to which this part applies.
Placed into service means used for its intended purpose.
Reasonable technical basis means information that would lead a
person familiar with engine design and function to reasonably believe a
conclusion related to compliance with the requirements of this part. For
example, it would be reasonable to believe that parts performing the
same function as the original parts (and to the same degree) would
control emissions to the same degree as the original parts.
Relating to as used in this section means relating to something in a
specific, direct manner. This expression is used in this section only to
define terms as adjectives and not to broaden the meaning of the terms.
Replacement engine means an engine exempted as a replacement engine
under Sec. 1068.240.
Revoke means to terminate the certificate or an exemption for a
family. If we revoke a certificate or exemption, you must apply for a
new certificate or exemption before continuing to introduce the affected
engines/equipment into U.S. commerce. This does not apply to engines/
equipment you no longer possess.
Secondary engine manufacturer means anyone who produces a new engine
by modifying a complete or partially complete engine that was made by a
different company. For the purpose of this definition, ``modifying''
does not include making changes that do not remove an engine from its
original certified configuration. Secondary engine manufacturing
includes, for example, converting automotive engines for use in
industrial applications, or land-based engines for use in marine
applications. This applies whether it involves a complete or partially
complete engine and whether the engine was previously certified to
emission standards or not. Manufacturers controlled by the manufacturer
of the base engine (or by an entity that also controls the manufacturer
of the base engine) are not secondary engine manufacturers; rather, both
entities are considered to be one manufacturer for purposes of this
part. This definition applies equally to equipment manufacturers that
modify engines. Also, equipment manufacturers that certify to equipment-
based standards using engines produced by another company are deemed to
be secondary engine manufacturers. Companies importing complete engines
into the United States are not secondary engine manufacturers regardless
of the procedures and relationships between companies for assembling the
engines.

[[Page 907]]

Small business means either of the following:
(1) A company that qualifies under the standard-setting part for
special provisions for small businesses or small-volume manufacturers.
(2) A company that qualifies as a small business under the
regulations adopted by the Small Business Administration at 13 CFR
121.201 if the standard-setting part does not establish such qualifying
criteria.
Standard-setting part means a part in the Code of Federal
Regulations that defines emission standards for a particular engine and/
or piece of equipment (see Sec. 1068.1(a)). For example, the standard-
setting part for marine spark-ignition engines is 40 CFR part 1045. For
provisions related to evaporative emissions, the standard-setting part
may be 40 CFR part 1060, as specified in 40 CFR 1060.1.
Suspend means to temporarily discontinue the certificate or an
exemption for a family. If we suspend a certificate, you may not
introduce into U.S. commerce engines/equipment from that family unless
we reinstate the certificate or approve a new one. If we suspend an
exemption, you may not introduce into U.S. commerce engines/equipment
that were previously covered by the exemption unless we reinstate the
exemption.
Ultimate purchaser means the first person who in good faith
purchases a new engine or new piece of equipment for purposes other than
resale.
United States means the States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engine/equipment
units, subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a
manufacturer for which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that
sale was or will be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States.
Void means to invalidate a certificate or an exemption ab initio. If
we void a certificate, all the engines/equipment introduced into U.S.
commerce under that family for that model year are considered
noncompliant, and you are liable for all engines/equipment introduced
into U.S. commerce under the certificate and may face civil or criminal
penalties or both. This applies equally to all engines/equipment in the
family, including engines/equipment introduced into U.S. commerce before
we voided the certificate. If we void an exemption, all the engines/
equipment introduced into U.S. commerce under that exemption are
considered uncertified (or nonconforming), and you are liable for
engines/equipment introduced into U.S. commerce under the exemption and
may face civil or criminal penalties or both. You may not introduce into
U.S. commerce any additional engines/equipment using the voided
exemption.
Voluntary emission recall means a repair, adjustment, or
modification program voluntarily initiated and conducted by a
manufacturer to remedy any emission-related defect for which engine
owners have been notified.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and any authorized representatives.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23059, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.31 What provisions apply to nonroad or stationary engines that

change their status?

This section specifies the provisions that apply when an engine
previously used in a nonroad application is subsequently used in an
application other than a nonroad application, or when an engine
previously used in a stationary application (i.e., an engine that was
not used as a nonroad engine and that was not used to propel a motor
vehicle, an aircraft, or equipment used solely for competition) is
moved.
(a) Changing the status of a stationary engine to be a new nonroad
engine as described in paragraph (b) of this section is a violation of
Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) or (b)(3) unless the engine has been certified to
be compliant with all requirements of this chapter that apply to new
nonroad engines of the same type (for example, a compression-ignition
engine rated at 40 kW) and model year, and is in its certified
configuration. Note that the definitions of ``model year'' in the
standard-

[[Page 908]]

setting parts generally identify the engine's original date of
manufacture as the basis for determining which standards apply if it
becomes a nonroad engine after it is no longer new. For example, see 40
CFR 1039.801 and 1048.801.
(b) A stationary engine becomes a new nonroad engine if--
(1) It is used in an application that meets the criteria specified
in paragraphs (1)(i) or (ii) in the definition of ``nonroad engine'' in
Sec. 1068.30.
(2) It meets the criteria specified in paragraph (1)(iii) of the
definition of ``nonroad engine'' in Sec. 1068.30 and is moved so that
it fails to meet (or no longer meets) the criteria specified in
paragraph (2)(iii) in the definition of ``nonroad engine'' in Sec.
1068.30.
(c) A stationary engine does not become a new nonroad engine if it
is moved but continues to meet the criteria specified in paragraph
(2)(iii) in the definition of ``nonroad engine'' in Sec. 1068.30 in its
new location. For example, a transportable engine that is used in a
single specific location for 18 months and is later moved to a second
specific location where it will remain for at least 12 months is
considered to be a stationary engine in both locations. Note that for
engines that are neither portable nor transportable in actual use, the
residence-time restrictions in the definition of ``nonroad engine''
generally do not apply.
(d) Changing the status of a nonroad engine to be a new stationary
engine as described in paragraph (e) of this section is a violation of
Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) unless the engine complies with all the
requirements of this chapter for new stationary engines of the same type
(for example, a compression-ignition engine rated at 40 kW) and model
year. For a new stationary engine that is required to be certified under
40 CFR part 60, the engine must have been certified to be compliant with
all the requirements that apply to new stationary engines of the same
type and model year, and must be in its certified configuration. Note
that the definitions of ``model year'' in the standard-setting parts
generally identify the engine's original date of manufacture as the
basis for determining which standards apply if it becomes a stationary
engine after it is no longer new. For example, see 40 CFR 60.4219 and
60.4248.
(e) A nonroad engine ceases to be a nonroad engine and becomes a new
stationary engine if--
(1) At any time, it meets the criteria specified in paragraph
(2)(iii) in the definition of ``nonroad engine'' in Sec. 1068.30. For
example, a portable generator engine ceases to be a nonroad engine if it
is used or will be used in a single specific location for 12 months or
longer. If we determine that an engine will be or has been used in a
single specific location for 12 months or longer, it ceased to be a
nonroad engine when it was placed in that location.
(2) It is otherwise regulated by a federal New Source Performance
Standard promulgated under section 111 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C.
7411).
(f) A nonroad engine ceases to be a nonroad engine if it is used to
propel a motor vehicle, an aircraft, or equipment used solely for
competition. See 40 CFR part 86 for requirements applicable to motor
vehicles and motor vehicle engines. See 40 CFR part 87 for requirements
applicable to aircraft and aircraft engines. See Sec. 1068.235 for
requirements applicable to equipment used solely for competition.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23059, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.35 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

$ U.S. dollars.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations.
disp engine displacement.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
kW kilowatt.
L/cyl liters per cylinder.
NARA National Archives and Records Administration.
NOX Oxides of nitrogen.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
SEA selective enforcement audit.
U.S. United States.
U.S.C. United States Code.

[[Page 909]]

Sec. 1068.40 What special provisions apply for implementing changes in the

regulations?

(a) During the 12 months following the effective date of any change
in the provisions of this part, you may ask to apply the previously
applicable provisions. We will generally approve your request if you can
demonstrate that it would be impractical to comply with the new
requirements. We may consider the potential for adverse environmental
impacts in our decision. Similarly, in unusual circumstances, you may
ask for relief under this paragraph (a) from new requirements that apply
under the standard-setting part.
(b) During the 60 days following the effective date of any change in
the provisions of this part, you may use the previously applicable
provisions without request if they meet either of the following
criteria:
(1) The new provisions require you to redesign your engines/
equipment, modify your engine/equipment labels, or change your
production procedures.
(2) The new provisions change what you must include in an
application for certification that you submit before the end of this 60-
day period. You are not required to amend such applications to comply
with the new provisions for that model year; however, this allowance
does not apply for later model years, even if you certify an engine
family using carryover emission data. This allowance does not affect
your obligation to provide information that we request separate from an
application for certification.
(c) Prior to the dates listed you may comply with earlier versions
of applicable regulations as follows:
(1) Prior to June 1, 2010, you may comply with the provisions of
Sec. 1068.240 that were in effect on April 30, 2010.
(2) [Reserved]

[75 FR 23059, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.45 General labeling provisions.

The provisions of this part and the standard-setting part include a
variety of labeling requirements. The following general provisions
apply:
(a) Permanent labels. Where we specify that you apply a permanent
label, you must meet the following requirements unless the standard-
setting part includes other specific label requirements:
(1) Attach the label so no one can remove it without destroying or
defacing it.
(2) Make sure it is durable and readable for the engine/equipment's
entire life.
(3) Secure it to a part of the engine/equipment needed for normal
operation and not normally requiring replacement.
(4) Write it in English.
(5) Make the labels readily visible to the average person after all
installation and assembly are complete.
(b) Removable labels. Where we specify that you apply a removable
label, it must meet the following conditions:
(1) You must attach the label in a way that does not allow it to be
separated from the engine/equipment without a deliberate effort. Note
that for exemptions requiring removable labels, the exemption no longer
applies once the label is separated from the engine/equipment.
(2) The label must be durable and readable throughout the period of
its intended purpose. This period generally includes all distribution in
U.S. commerce during which the exemption applies.
(3) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, the label
must be attached directly to the engine/equipment in a visible location.
We consider a tag that meets the specified requirements to be an
attached label.
(c) Labels on packaging. Unless we specify otherwise, where we
require engine/equipment labels that may be removable, you may instead
label the packaging if the engines/equipment are packaged together as
described in this paragraph (c). For example, this may involve packaging
engines together by attaching them to a rack, binding them together on a
pallet, or enclosing them in a box. The provisions of this paragraph (c)
also apply for engines/equipment boxed individually where you do not
apply labels directly to the engines/equipment. The following provisions
apply if you label the packaging instead of labeling engines/equipment
individually:

[[Page 910]]

(1) You may use the provisions of this paragraph (c) only if all the
engines/equipment packaged together need the same label.
(2) You must place the label on the package in a readily visible
location. This may require labeling the package in multiple locations.
(3) You must package the engines/equipment such that the labels will
not be separated from the engines/equipment or otherwise become
unreadable throughout the period that the label applies. For example,
labels required for shipping engines to a secondary engine manufacturer
under Sec. 1068.262 must remain attached and readable until they reach
the secondary engine manufacturer. Similarly, removable labels specified
in Sec. 1068.240 for replacement engines must remain attached and
readable until they reach the point of final installation.
(4) You are in violation of Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) if such engines/
equipment are removed from the package or are otherwise separated from
the label before reaching the point at which the label is no longer
needed.
(d) Temporary consumer labels. Where we specify that you apply
temporary consumer labels (including tags), each label must meet the
following conditions:
(1) You must attach the label in a way that does not allow it to be
separated from the engine/equipment without a deliberate effort.
(2) The label must be sufficiently durable to be readable until it
reaches the ultimate purchaser.
(3) The label must be attached directly to the engine/equipment in a
visible location.
(e) Prohibitions against removing labels. Removing permanent labels
may be a violation of Sec. 1068.101(b)(7). Removing temporary or
removable labels prematurely may also be a violation of Sec.
1068.101(b)(7).
(f) Identifying emission control systems. If the standard-setting
part specifies that you use standardized terms and abbreviations to
identify emission control systems, use terms and abbreviations
consistent with SAE J1930 (incorporated by reference in Sec. 1068.95).

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23059, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.95 What materials does this part reference?

Documents listed in this section have been incorporated by reference
into this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference as prescribed in 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR
part 51. Anyone may inspect copies at the U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102,
EPA West Building, Washington, DC 20460 or at the National Archives and
Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of
this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://
www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--
locations.html.
(a) SAE material. Table 1 to this section lists material from the
Society of Automotive Engineers that we have incorporated by reference.
The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second
column lists the sections of this part where we reference it. Anyone may
purchase copies of these materials from the Society of Automotive
Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or http://
www.sae.org. Table 1 follows:

Table 1 to Sec. 1068.95--SAE Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 1068
Document number and name reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAE J1930, Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnostic 1068.95
Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms,
revised April 2002.....................................
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 911]]

(b) [Reserved]

Subpart B_Prohibited Actions and Related Requirements

Sec. 1068.101 What general actions does this regulation prohibit?

This section specifies actions that are prohibited and the maximum
civil penalties that we can assess for each violation in accordance with
42 U.S.C. 7522 and 7524. The maximum penalty values listed in paragraphs
(a) and (b) of this section apply as of January 12, 2009. As described
in paragraph (h) of this section, these maximum penalty limits are
different for earlier violations and they may be adjusted as set forth
in 40 CFR part 19.
(a) The following prohibitions and requirements apply to
manufacturers of new engines, manufacturers of equipment containing
these engines, and manufacturers of new equipment, except as described
in subparts C and D of this part:
(1) Introduction into commerce. You may not sell, offer for sale, or
introduce or deliver into commerce in the United States or import into
the United States any new engine/equipment after emission standards take
effect for the engine/equipment, unless it is covered by a valid
certificate of conformity for its model year and has the required label
or tag. You also may not take any of the actions listed in the previous
sentence with respect to any equipment containing an engine subject to
this part's provisions unless the engine is covered by a valid
certificate of conformity for its model year and has the required engine
label or tag. We may assess a civil penalty up to $37,500 for each
engine or piece of equipment in violation.
(i) For purposes of this paragraph (a)(1), a valid certificate of
conformity is one that applies for the same model year as the model year
of the equipment (except as allowed by Sec. 1068.105(a)), covers the
appropriate category of engines/equipment (such as locomotive or Marine
SI), and conforms to all requirements specified for equipment in the
standard-setting part. Engines/equipment are considered not covered by a
certificate unless they are in a configuration described in the
application for certification.
(ii) The requirements of this paragraph (a)(1) also cover new
engines you produce to replace an older engine in a piece of equipment,
unless the engine qualifies for the replacement-engine exemption in
Sec. 1068.240.
(iii) For engines used in equipment subject to equipment-based
standards, you may not sell, offer for sale, or introduce or deliver
into commerce in the United States or import into the United States any
new engine unless it is covered by a valid certificate of conformity for
its model year and has the required label or tag. See the standard-
setting part for more information about how this prohibition applies.
(2) Reporting and recordkeeping. This chapter requires you to record
certain types of information to show that you meet our standards. You
must comply with these requirements to make and maintain required
records (including those described in Sec. 1068.501). You may not deny
us access to your records or the ability to copy your records if we have
the authority to see or copy them. Also, you must give us complete and
accurate reports and information without delay as required under this
chapter. Failure to comply with the requirements of this paragraph is
prohibited. We may assess a civil penalty up to $37,500 for each day you
are in violation. In addition, knowingly submitting false information is
a violation of 18 U.S.C. 1001, which may involve criminal penalties and
up to five years imprisonment.
(3) Testing and access to facilities. You may not keep us from
entering your facility to test engines/equipment or inspect if we are
authorized to do so. Also, you must perform the tests we require (or
have the tests done for you). Failure to perform this testing is
prohibited. We may assess a civil penalty up to $37,500 for each day you
are in violation.
(b) The following prohibitions apply to everyone with respect to the
engines and equipment to which this part applies:
(1) Tampering. You may not remove or render inoperative any device
or element of design installed on or in engines/equipment in compliance
with

[[Page 912]]

the regulations prior to its sale and delivery to the ultimate
purchaser. You also may not knowingly remove or render inoperative any
such device or element of design after such sale and delivery to the
ultimate purchaser. This includes, for example, operating an engine
without a supply of appropriate quality urea if the emissions control
system relies on urea to reduce NOx emissions or the use of incorrect
fuel or engine oil that renders the emissions control system
inoperative. Section 1068.120 describes how this applies to rebuilding
engines. See the standard-setting part, which may include additional
provisions regarding actions prohibited by this requirement. For a
manufacturer or dealer, we may assess a civil penalty up to $37,500 for
each engine or piece of equipment in violation. For anyone else, we may
assess a civil penalty up to $3,750 for each day an engine or piece of
equipment is operated in violation. This prohibition does not apply in
any of the following situations:
(i) You need to repair the engine/equipment and you restore it to
proper functioning when the repair is complete.
(ii) You need to modify the engine/equipment to respond to a
temporary emergency and you restore it to proper functioning as soon as
possible.
(iii) You modify new engines/equipment that another manufacturer has
already certified to meet emission standards and recertify them under
your own family. In this case you must tell the original manufacturer
not to include the modified engines/equipment in the original family.
(2) Defeat devices. You may not knowingly manufacture, sell, offer
to sell, or install, any part that bypasses, impairs, defeats, or
disables the control of emissions of any regulated pollutant, except as
explicitly allowed by the standard-setting part. We may assess a civil
penalty up to $3,750 for each part in violation.
(3) Stationary engines. For an engine that is excluded from any
requirements of this chapter because it is a stationary engine, you may
not move it or install it in any mobile equipment except as allowed by
the provisions of this chapter. You may not circumvent or attempt to
circumvent the residence-time requirements of paragraph (2)(iii) of the
nonroad engine definition in Sec. 1068.30. Anyone violating this
paragraph (b)(3) is deemed to be a manufacturer in violation of
paragraph (a)(1) of this section. We may assess a civil penalty up to
$37,500 for each engine or piece of equipment in violation.
(4) Competition engines/equipment. For uncertified engines/equipment
that are excluded or exempted from any requirements of this chapter
because they are to be used solely for competition, you may not use any
of them in a manner that is inconsistent with use solely for
competition. Anyone violating this paragraph (b)(4) is deemed to be a
manufacturer in violation of paragraph (a)(1) of this section. We may
assess a civil penalty up to $37,500 for each engine or piece of
equipment in violation.
(5) Importation. You may not import an uncertified engine or piece
of equipment if it is defined to be new in the standard-setting part
with a model year for which emission standards applied. Anyone violating
this paragraph (b)(5) is deemed to be a manufacturer in violation of
paragraph (a)(1) of this section. We may assess a civil penalty up to
$37,500 for each engine or piece of equipment in violation. Note the
following:
(i) The definition of new is broad for imported engines/equipment;
uncertified engines and equipment (including used engines and equipment)
are generally considered to be new when imported.
(ii) Used engines/equipment that were originally manufactured before
applicable EPA standards were in effect are generally not subject to
emission standards.
(6) Warranty, recall, and maintenance instructions. You must meet
your obligation to honor your emission-related warranty under Sec.
1068.115, including any commitments you identify in your application for
certification. You must also fulfill all applicable requirements under
subpart F of this part related to emission-related defects and recalls.
You must also provide emission-related

[[Page 913]]

installation and maintenance instructions as described in the standard-
setting part. Failure to meet these obligations is prohibited. Also,
except as specifically provided by regulation, you are prohibited from
directly or indirectly communicating to the ultimate purchaser or a
later purchaser that the emission-related warranty is valid only if the
owner has service performed at authorized facilities or only if the
owner uses authorized parts, components, or systems. We may assess a
civil penalty up to $37,500 for each engine or piece of equipment in
violation.
(7) Labeling. (i) You may not remove or alter an emission control
information label or other required permanent label except as specified
in this paragraph (b)(7) or otherwise allowed by this chapter. Removing
or altering an emission control information label is a violation of
paragraph (b)(1) of this section. However, it is not a violation to
remove a label in the following circumstances:
(A) The engine is destroyed, is permanently disassembled, or
otherwise loses its identity such that the original title to the engine
is no longer valid.
(B) The regulations specifically direct you to remove the label. For
example, see Sec. 1068.235.
(C) The part on which the label is mounted needs to be replaced. In
this case, you must have a replacement part with a duplicate of the
original label installed by the certifying manufacturer or an authorized
agent, except that the replacement label may omit the date of
manufacture if applicable. We generally require labels to be permanently
attached to parts that will not normally be replaced, but this provision
allows for replacements in unusual circumstances, such as damage in a
collision or other accident.
(D) The original label is incorrect, provided that it is replaced
with the correct label from the certifying manufacturer or an authorized
agent. This allowance to replace incorrect labels does not affect
whether the application of an incorrect original label is a violation.
(ii) Removing or altering a temporary or removable label contrary to
the provisions of this paragraph (b)(7)(ii) is a violation of paragraph
(b)(1) of this section.
(A) For labels identifying temporary exemptions, you may not remove
or alter the label while the engine/equipment is in an exempt status.
The exemption is automatically revoked for each engine/equipment for
which the label has been removed.
(B) For temporary or removable consumer information labels, only the
ultimate purchaser may remove the label.
(iii) You may not apply a false emission control information label.
You also may not manufacture, sell, or offer to sell false labels. The
application, manufacture, sale, or offer for sale of false labels is a
violation of this section (such as paragraph (a)(1) or (b)(2) of this
section). Note that applying an otherwise valid emission control
information label to the wrong engine is considered to be applying a
false label.
(c) If you cause someone to commit a prohibited act in paragraph (a)
or (b) of this section, you are in violation of that prohibition.
(d) Exemptions from these prohibitions are described in subparts C
and D of this part and in the standard-setting part.
(e) The standard-setting parts describe more requirements and
prohibitions that apply to manufacturers (including importers) and
others under this chapter.
(f) The specification of prohibitions and penalties in this part
does not limit the prohibitions and penalties described in the Clean Air
Act. Additionally, a single act may trigger multiple violations under
this section and the Act. We may pursue all available administrative,
civil, or criminal remedies for those violations even if the regulation
references only a single prohibited act in this section.
(g) [Reserved]
(h) The maximum penalty values listed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of
this section apply as of January 12, 2009. Maximum penalty values for
earlier violations are published in 40 CFR part 19. Maximum penalty
limits may be adjusted after January 12, 2009 based on the Consumer
Price Index. The specific regulatory provisions for changing the

[[Page 914]]

maximum penalties, published in 40 CFR part 19, reference the applicable
U.S. Code citation on which the prohibited action is based. The
following table is shown here for informational purposes:

Table 1 of Sec. 1068.101--Legal Citation for Specific Prohibitions for
Determining Maximum Penalty Amounts
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 1068 regulatory U.S. Code citation
citation of prohibited General description for Clean Air Act
action of prohibition authority
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 1068.101(a)(1)....... Introduction into 42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)
U.S. commerce of an and (a)(4).
uncertified source.
Sec. 1068.101(a)(2)....... Failure to provide 42 U.S.C.
information. 7522(a)(2).
Sec. 1068.101(a)(3)....... Denying access to 42 U.S.C.
facilities. 7522(a)(2).
Sec. 1068.101(b)(1)....... Tampering with 42 U.S.C.
emission controls 7522(a)(3).
by a manufacturer
or dealer.
Tampering with
emission controls
by someone other
than a manufacturer
or dealer.
Sec. 1068.101(b)(2)....... Sale or use of a 42 U.S.C.
defeat device. 7522(a)(3).
Sec. 1068.101(b)(3)....... Mobile use of a 42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)
stationary engine. and (a)(4).
Sec. 1068.101(b)(4)....... Noncompetitive use 42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)
of uncertified and (a)(4).
engines/equipment
that is exempted
for competition.
Sec. 1068.101(b)(5)....... Importation of an 42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(1)
uncertified source. and (a)(4).
Sec. 1068.101(b)(6)....... Recall and warranty. 42 U.S.C.
7522(a)(4).
Sec. 1068.101(b)(7)....... Removing labels..... 42 U.S.C.
7522(a)(3).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[75 FR 23059, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.103 What are the provisions related to the duration and

applicability of certificates of conformity?

(a) Engines/equipment covered by a certificate of conformity are
limited to those that are produced during the period specified in the
certificate and conform to the specifications described in the
certificate and the associated application for certification. For the
purposes of this paragraph (a), ``specifications'' includes any
conditions or limitations identified by the manufacturer or EPA. For
example, if the application for certification specifies certain engine
configurations, the certificate does not cover any configurations that
are not specified. We may ignore any information provided in the
application that we determine is not relevant to a demonstration of
compliance with applicable regulations, such as your projected
production volumes in many cases.
(b) Unless the standard-setting part specifies otherwise, determine
the production period corresponding to each certificate of conformity as
specified in this paragraph (b). In general, the production period is
the manufacturer's annual production period identified as a model year.
(1) For engines/equipment subject to emission standards based on
model years, the first day of the annual production period can be no
earlier than January 2 of the calendar year preceding the year for which
the model year is named, or the earliest date of manufacture for any
engine/equipment in the engine family, whichever is later. The last day
of the annual production period can be no later than December 31 of the
calendar year for which the model year is named or the latest date of
manufacture for any engine/equipment in the engine family, whichever is
sooner.
(2) For fuel-system components certified to evaporative emission
standards based on production periods rather than model years, the
production period is either the calendar year or a longer period we
specify consistent with the manufacturer's normal production practices.
(c) A certificate of conformity will not cover engines/equipment you
produce with a date of manufacture earlier than the date you submit the
application for certification for the family. You may start to produce
engines/equipment after you submit an application for certification and
before the effective date of a certificate of conformity, subject to the
following conditions:
(1) The engines/equipment must conform in all material respects to
the engines/equipment described in your application. Note that if we
require you

[[Page 915]]

to modify your application, you must ensure that all engines/equipment
conform to the specifications of the modified application.
(2) The engines/equipment may not be sold, offered for sale,
introduced into commerce, or delivered for introduction into U.S.
commerce before the effective date of the certificate of conformity.
(3) You must notify us in your application for certification that
you plan to use the provisions of this paragraph (c) and when you intend
to start production. If the standard-setting part specifies mandatory
testing for production-line engines, you must start testing as directed
in the standard-setting part based on your actual start of production,
even if that occurs before we approve your certification. You must also
agree to give us full opportunity to inspect and/or test the engines/
equipment during and after production. For example, we must have the
opportunity to specify selective enforcement audits as allowed by the
standard-setting part and the Clean Air Act as if the engines/equipment
were produced after the effective date of the certificate.
(4) See Sec. 1068.262 for special provisions that apply for
secondary engine manufacturers receiving shipment of partially complete
engines before the effective date of a certificate.
(d) Engines/equipment with a date of manufacture after December 31
of the calendar year for which a model year is named are not covered by
the certificate of conformity for that model year. You must submit an
application for a new certificate of conformity demonstrating compliance
with applicable standards even if the engines/equipment are identical to
those built before December 31.
(e) The flexible approach to naming the annual production period
described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is intended to allow you
to introduce new products at any point during the year. This is based on
the expectation that production periods generally run on consistent
schedules from year to year. You may not use this flexibility to arrange
your production periods such that you can avoid annual certification.
(f) An engine is generally assigned a model year based on its date
of manufacture, which is typically based on the date the crankshaft is
installed in the engine (see Sec. 1068.30). You may not circumvent the
provisions of Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) by stockpiling engines with a date of
manufacture before new or changed emission standards take effect by
deviating from your normal production and inventory practices. (For
purposes of this paragraph (f), normal production and inventory
practices means those practices you typically use for similar families
in years in which emission standards do not change. We may require you
to provide us routine production and inventory records that document
your normal practices for the preceding eight years.) For most engines
you should plan to complete the assembly of an engine of a given model
year within the first week after the end of the model year if new
emission standards start to apply in that model year. For special
circumstances it may be appropriate for your normal business practice to
involve more time. For engines with per-cylinder displacement below 2.5
liters, we would consider it to be a violation to complete the assembly
of an engine of a given model year more than 30 days after the end of
the model year for that engine family if new emission standards start to
apply in that year. For example, in the case where new standards apply
in the 2010 model year, and your normal production period is based on
the calendar year, you must complete the assembly of all your 2009 model
year engines before January 31, 2010, or an earlier date consistent with
your normal production and inventory practices. For engines with per-
cylinder displacement at or above 2.5 liters, this time may not exceed
60 days. Note that for the purposes of this paragraph (f), an engine
shipped under Sec. 1068.261 is deemed to be a complete engine. Note
also that Sec. 1068.245 allows flexibility for additional time in
unusual circumstances. Note finally that disassembly of complete engines
and reassembly (such as for shipment) does not affect the determination
of model year; the provisions of this paragraph

[[Page 916]]

(f) apply based on the date on which initial assembly is complete.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23061, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.105 What other provisions apply to me specifically if I manufacture

equipment needing certified engines?

This section describes general provisions that apply to equipment
manufacturers for sources subject to engine-based standards. See the
standard-setting part for any requirements that apply for certain
applications. See Sec. 1068.101 for penalties associated with
violations under this section and for other prohibitions related to your
equipment.
(a) Transitioning to new engine-based standards. If new engine-based
emission standards apply in a given model year, your equipment in that
calendar year must have engines that are certified to the new standards,
except that you may continue to use up normal inventories of earlier
engines that were built before the date of the new or changed standards.
For purposes of this paragraph (a), normal inventory applies for engines
you possess and engines from your engine supplier's inventory. (Note:
this paragraph (a) does not apply in the case of new remanufacturing
standards.) For example, if your normal inventory practice is to keep on
hand a one-month supply of engines based on your upcoming production
schedules, and a new tier of standards starts to apply for the 2015
model year, you may order engines consistent with your normal inventory
requirements late in the engine manufacturer's 2014 model year and
install those engines in your equipment, regardless of the date of
installation. Also, if your model year starts before the end of the
calendar year preceding new standards, you may use engines from the
previous model year for those units you produce before January 1 of the
year that new standards apply. If emission standards for the engine do
not change in a given model year, you may continue to install engines
from the previous model year without restriction (or any earlier model
year for which the same standards apply). You may not circumvent the
provisions of Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) by stockpiling engines that were
built before new or changed standards take effect. Similarly, you may
not circumvent the provisions of Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) by knowingly
installing engines that were stockpiled by engine suppliers in violation
of Sec. 1068.103(f). Note that this allowance does not apply for
equipment subject to equipment-based standards. See 40 CFR 1060.601 for
similar provisions that apply for equipment subject to evaporative
emission standards.
(b) Installing engines or certified components. The provisions in
Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) generally prohibit you from introducing into U.S.
commerce any new equipment that includes engines not covered by a
certificate of conformity. In addition, you must follow the engine
manufacturer's emission-related installation instructions. For example,
you may need to constrain where you place an exhaust aftertreatment
device or integrate into your equipment models a device for sending
visual or audible signals to the operator. Similarly, you must follow
the emission-related installation instructions from the manufacturer of
a component that has been certified for controlling evaporative
emissions under 40 CFR part 1060. Not meeting the manufacturer's
emission-related installation instructions is a violation of one or more
of the prohibitions of Sec. 1068.101. See Sec. 1068.261 for special
provisions that apply when the engine manufacturer delegates final
assembly of emission controls to you.
(c) Attaching a duplicate label. If you obscure the engine's label,
you must do four things to avoid violating Sec. 1068.101(a)(1):
(1) Send a request for duplicate labels in writing on your company's
letterhead to the engine manufacturer. Include the following information
in your request:
(i) Identify the type of equipment and the specific engine and
equipment models needing duplicate labels.
(ii) Identify the family (from the original engine label).
(iii) State the reason that you need a duplicate label for each
equipment model.
(iv) Identify the number of duplicate labels you will need.

[[Page 917]]

(2) Permanently attach the duplicate label to your equipment by
securing it to a part needed for normal operation and not normally
requiring replacement. Make sure an average person can easily read it.
(3) Destroy any unused duplicate labels if you find that you will
not need them.
(4) Keep the following records for at least eight years after the
end of the model year identified on the engine label:
(i) Keep a copy of your written request.
(ii) Keep drawings or descriptions that show how you apply the
duplicate labels to your equipment.
(iii) Maintain a count of those duplicate labels you use and those
you destroy.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23062, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.110 What other provisions apply to engines/equipment in service?

(a) Aftermarket parts and service. As the certifying manufacturer,
you may not require anyone to use your parts or service to maintain or
repair an engine or piece of equipment, unless we approve this in your
application for certification. It is a violation of the Clean Air Act
for anyone to manufacture any part if one of its main effects is to
reduce the effectiveness of the emission controls. See Sec.
1068.101(b)(2).
(b) Certifying aftermarket parts. As the manufacturer or rebuilder
of an aftermarket engine or equipment part, you may--but are not
required to--certify according to 40 CFR part 85, subpart V, that using
the part will not cause engines/equipment to fail to meet emission
standards. Whether you certify or not, you must keep any information
showing how your parts or service affect emissions.
(c) Compliance with standards. We may test engines and equipment to
investigate compliance with emission standards and other requirements.
We may also require the manufacturer to do this testing.
(d) Defeat devices. We may test engines and equipment to investigate
potential defeat devices. We may also require the manufacturer to do
this testing. If we choose to investigate one of your designs, we may
require you to show us that it does not have a defeat device. To do
this, you may have to share with us information regarding test programs,
engineering evaluations, design specifications, calibrations, on-board
computer algorithms, and design strategies. It is a violation of the
Clean Air Act for anyone to make, install or use defeat devices. See
Sec. 1068.101(b)(2) and the standard-setting part.
(e) Warranty and maintenance. Owners are responsible for properly
maintaining their engines/equipment; however, owners may make warranty
claims against the manufacturer for all expenses related to diagnosing
and repairing or replacing emission-related parts, as described in Sec.
1068.115. Manufacturers may ask to limit diagnosis and repair to
authorized service facilities, provided this does not limit their
ability to meet their warranty obligations under Sec. 1068.115. The
warranty period begins when the equipment is first placed into service.
See the standard-setting part for specific requirements. It is a
violation of the Clean Air Act for anyone to disable emission controls;
see Sec. 1068.101(b)(1) and the standard-setting part.

Sec. 1068.115 When must manufacturers honor emission-related warranty claims?

Section 207(a) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7541(a)) requires
certifying manufacturers to warrant to purchasers that their engines/
equipment are designed, built, and equipped to conform at the time of
sale to the applicable regulations for their full useful life, including
a warranty that the engines/equipment are free from defects in materials
and workmanship that would cause any engine/equipment to fail to conform
to the applicable regulations during the specified warranty period. This
section codifies the warranty requirements of section 207(a) without
intending to limit these requirements.
(a) As a certifying manufacturer, you may deny warranty claims only
for failures that have been caused by the owner's or operator's improper
maintenance or use, by accidents for which you have no responsibility,
or by acts of God. For example, you would not

[[Page 918]]

need to honor warranty claims for failures that have been directly
caused by the operator's abuse of the engine/equipment or the operator's
use of the engine/equipment in a manner for which it was not designed
and are not attributable to you in any way.
(b) As a certifying manufacturer, you may not deny emission-related
warranty claims based on any of the following:
(1) Maintenance or other service you or your authorized facilities
performed.
(2) Engine/equipment repair work that an operator performed to
correct an unsafe, emergency condition attributable to you as long as
the operator tries to restore the engine/equipment to its proper
configuration as soon as possible.
(3) Any action or inaction by the operator unrelated to the warranty
claim.
(4) Maintenance that was performed more frequently than you specify.
(5) Anything that is your fault or responsibility.
(6) The use of any fuel that is commonly available where the
equipment operates unless your written maintenance instructions state
that this fuel would harm the equipment's emission control system and
operators can readily find the proper fuel.

Sec. 1068.120 What requirements must I follow to rebuild engines?

(a) This section describes the steps to take when rebuilding engines
to avoid violating the tampering prohibition in Sec. 1068.101(b)(1).
These requirements apply to anyone rebuilding an engine subject to this
part, but the recordkeeping requirements in paragraphs (j) and (k) of
this section apply only to businesses. For maintenance or service that
is not rebuilding, including any maintenance related to evaporative
emission controls, you may not make changes that might increase
emissions of any regulated pollutant, but you do not need to keep any
records.
(b) The term ``rebuilding'' refers to a rebuild of an engine or
engine system, including a major overhaul in which you replace the
engine's pistons or power assemblies or make other changes that
significantly increase the service life of the engine. It also includes
replacing or rebuilding an engine's turbocharger or aftercooler or the
engine's systems for fuel metering or electronic control so that it
significantly increases the service life of the engine. For these
provisions, rebuilding may or may not involve removing the engine from
the equipment. Rebuilding does not normally include the following:
(1) Scheduled emission-related maintenance that the standard-setting
part allows during the useful life period (such as replacing fuel
injectors).
(2) Unscheduled maintenance that occurs commonly within the useful
life period. For example, replacing a water pump is not rebuilding an
engine.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) If you rebuild an engine or engine system, you must have a
reasonable technical basis for knowing that the rebuilt engine's
emission control system performs as well as, or better than, it performs
in its certified configuration. Identify the model year of the resulting
engine configuration. You have a reasonable basis if you meet two main
conditions:
(1) Install parts--new, used, or rebuilt--so a person familiar with
engine design and function would reasonably believe that the engine with
those parts will control emissions of all pollutants at least to the
same degree as with the original parts. For example, it would be
reasonable to believe that parts performing the same function as the
original parts (and to the same degree) would control emissions to the
same degree as the original parts.
(2) Adjust parameters or change design elements only according to
the original engine manufacturer's instructions. Or, if you differ from
these instructions, you must have data or some other technical basis to
show you should not expect in-use emissions to increase.
(e) If the rebuilt engine remains installed or is reinstalled in the
same piece of equipment, you must rebuild it to the original
configuration, except as allowed by this paragraph (e). You may rebuild
it to a different certified configuration of the same or later model
year. You may also rebuild it to a certified configuration from an
earlier

[[Page 919]]

model year as long as the earlier configuration is as clean or cleaner
than the original configuration. For purposes of this paragraph (e),
``as clean or cleaner'' means one of the following:
(1) For engines not certified with a Family Emission Limit for
calculating credits for a particular pollutant, this means that the same
emission standard applied for both model years. This includes
supplemental standards such as Not-to-Exceed standards.
(2) For engines certified with a Family Emission Limit for a
particular pollutant, this means that the configuration to which the
engine is being rebuilt has a Family Emission Limit for that pollutant
that is at or below the standard that applied to the engine originally,
and is at or below the original Family Emission Limit.
(f) A rebuilt engine may replace another certified engine in a piece
of equipment only if the engine was rebuilt to a certified configuration
meeting equivalent or more stringent emission standards. Note that a
certified configuration would generally include more than one model
year. A rebuilt engine being installed that is from the same model year
or a newer model year than the engine being replaced meets this
requirement. The following examples illustrate the provisions of this
paragraph (f):
(1) In most cases, you may use a rebuilt Tier 2 engine to replace a
Tier 1 engine or another Tier 2 engine.
(2) You may use a rebuilt Tier 1 engine to replace a Tier 2 engine
if the two engines differ only with respect to model year or other
characteristics unrelated to emissions since such engines would be
considered to be in the same configuration. This may occur if the Tier 1
engine had emission levels below the Tier 2 standards or if the Tier 2
engine was certified with a Family Emission Limit for calculating
emission credits.
(3) You may use a rebuilt engine that originally met the Tier 1
standards without certification, as provided under 40 CFR 1068.265, to
replace a certified Tier 1 engine. This may occur for engines produced
under a Transition Program for Equipment Manufacturers such as that
described in 40 CFR 1039.625.
(4) You may never replace a certified engine with an engine rebuilt
to a configuration that does not meet EPA emission standards. Note that
a configuration is considered to meet EPA emission standards if it was
previously certified or was otherwise shown to meet emission standards
(see Sec. 1068.265).
(g) Do not erase or reset emission-related codes or signals from
onboard monitoring systems without diagnosing and responding
appropriately to any diagnostic codes. This requirement applies
regardless of the manufacturer's reason for installing the monitoring
system and regardless of its form or interface. Clear any codes from
diagnostic systems when you return the rebuilt engine to service. Do not
disable a diagnostic signal without addressing its cause.
(h) When you rebuild an engine, check, clean, adjust, repair, or
replace all emission-related components (listed in Appendix I of this
part) as needed according to the original manufacturer's recommended
practice. In particular, replace oxygen sensors, replace the catalyst if
there is evidence of malfunction, clean gaseous fuel-system components,
and replace fuel injectors (if applicable), unless you have a reasonable
technical basis for believing any of these components do not need
replacement.
(i) If you are installing an engine that someone else has rebuilt,
check all emission-related components listed in Appendix I of this part
as needed according to the original manufacturer's recommended practice.
(j) Keep at least the following records for all engines except
spark-ignition engines with total displacement below 225 cc:
(1) Identify the hours of operation (or mileage, as appropriate) at
the time of rebuild. These may be noted as approximate values if the
engine has no hour meter (or odometer).
(2) Identify the work done on the engine or any emission-related
control components, including a listing of parts and components you
used.
(3) Describe any engine parameter adjustments.
(4) Identify any emission-related codes or signals you responded to
and reset.

[[Page 920]]

(k) You must show us or send us your records if we ask for them.
Keep records for at least two years after rebuilding an engine. Keep
them in any format that allows us to readily review them.
(1) You do not need to keep information that is not reasonably
available through normal business practices. We do not expect you to
have information that you cannot reasonably access.
(2) You do not need to keep records of what other companies do.
(3) You may keep records based on families rather than individual
engines if that is the way you normally do business.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23062, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.125 What happens if I violate the regulations?

(a) Civil penalties and injunctions. We may bring a civil action to
assess and recover civil penalties and/or enjoin and restrain violations
in the United States District Court for the district where you allegedly
violated a requirement, or the district where you live or have your main
place of business. Actions to assess civil penalties or restrain
violations of Sec. 1068.101 must be brought by and in the name of the
United States. The selected court has jurisdiction to restrain
violations and assess civil penalties.
(1) To determine the amount of a civil penalty and reach a just
conclusion, the court considers these factors:
(i) The seriousness of your violation.
(ii) How much you benefited or saved because of the violation.
(iii) The size of your business.
(iv) Your history of compliance with Title II of the Clean Air Act
(42 U.S.C. 7401-7590).
(v) What you did to remedy the violation.
(vi) How the penalty will affect your ability to continue in
business.
(vii) Such other matters as justice may require.
(2) Subpoenas for witnesses who must attend a district court in any
district may apply to any other district.
(b) Administrative penalties. Instead of bringing a civil action, we
may assess administrative penalties if the total is less than $295,000
against you individually. This maximum penalty may be greater if the
Administrator and the Attorney General jointly determine that a greater
administrative penalty assessment is appropriate, or if the limit is
adjusted under 40 CFR part 19. No court may review this determination.
Before we assess an administrative penalty, you may ask for a hearing
(subject to 40 CFR part 22). The Administrator may compromise or remit,
with or without conditions, any administrative penalty that may be
imposed under this section.
(1) To determine the amount of an administrative penalty, we will
consider the factors described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(2) An administrative order we issue under this paragraph (b)
becomes final 30 days after we issue it unless you ask for judicial
review by that time (see paragraph (c) of this section). You may ask for
review by any of the district courts listed in paragraph (a) of this
section. Send the Administrator a copy of the filing by certified mail.
(3) We will not pursue an administrative penalty for a particular
violation if either of the following two conditions is true:
(i) We are separately prosecuting the violation under this subpart.
(ii) We have issued a final order for a violation, no longer subject
to judicial review, for which you have already paid a penalty.
(c) Judicial review. If you ask a court to review a civil or
administrative penalty, we will file in the appropriate court within 30
days of your request a certified copy or certified index of the record
on which the court or the Administrator issued the order.
(1) The judge may set aside or remand any order issued under this
section only if one of the following is true:
(i) Substantial evidence does not exist in the record, taken as a
whole, to support finding a violation.
(ii) The Administrator's assessment of the penalty is an abuse of
discretion.
(2) The judge may not add civil penalties unless our penalty is an
abuse of discretion that favors you.
(d) Effect of enforcement actions on other requirements. Our pursuit
of civil

[[Page 921]]

or administrative penalties does not affect or limit our authority to
enforce any provisions of this chapter.
(e) Penalties. In any proceedings, the United States government may
seek to collect civil penalties assessed under this section.
(1) Once a penalty assessment is final, if you do not pay it, the
Administrator will ask the Attorney General to bring a civil action in
an appropriate district court to recover the money. We may collect
interest from the date of the final order or final judgment at rates
established by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 6621(a)(2)).
In this action to collect overdue penalties, the court will not review
the validity, amount, and appropriateness of the penalty.
(2) In addition, if you do not pay the full amount of a penalty on
time, you must then pay more to cover interest, enforcement expenses
(including attorney's fees and costs for collection), and a quarterly
nonpayment penalty for each quarter you do not pay. The quarterly
nonpayment penalty is 10 percent of your total penalties plus any unpaid
nonpayment penalties from previous quarters.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23062, Apr. 30, 2010]

Subpart C_Exemptions and Exclusions

Sec. 1068.201 Does EPA exempt or exclude any engines/equipment from the

prohibited acts?

We may exempt new engines/equipment from some or all of the
prohibited acts or requirements of this part under provisions described
in this subpart. We may exempt engines/equipment already placed in
service in the United States from the prohibition in Sec.
1068.101(b)(1) if the exemption for engines/equipment used solely for
competition applies (see Sec. 1068.235). In addition, see Sec. 1068.1
and the standard-setting parts to determine if other engines/equipment
are excluded from some or all of the regulations in this chapter.
(a) This subpart identifies which engines/equipment qualify for
exemptions and what information we need. We may ask for more
information.
(b) If you violate any of the terms, conditions, instructions, or
requirements to qualify for an exemption, we may void, revoke, or
suspend the exemption.
(c) If you use an exemption under this subpart, we may require you
to add a permanent label to your exempted engines/equipment. You may ask
us to modify these labeling requirements if it is appropriate for your
engine/equipment.
(d) If you produce engines/equipment we exempt under this subpart,
we may require you to make and keep records, perform tests, make reports
and provide information as needed to reasonably evaluate the validity of
the exemption.
(e) If you own or operate engines/equipment we exempt under this
subpart, we may require you to provide information as needed to
reasonably evaluate the validity of the exemption.
(f) Subpart D of this part describes how we apply these exemptions
to engines/equipment you import (or intend to import).
(g) If you want to ask for an exemption or need more information,
write to the Designated Compliance Officer.
(h) You may ask us to modify the administrative requirements for the
exemptions described in this subpart or in subpart D of this part. We
may approve your request if we determine that such approval is
consistent with the intent of this part. For example, waivable
administrative requirements might include some reporting requirements,
but would not include any eligibility requirements or use restrictions.
(i) If you want to take an action with respect to an exempted or
excluded engine/equipment that is prohibited by the exemption or
exclusion, such as selling it, you need to certify the engine/equipment.
We will issue a certificate of conformity if you send us an application
for certification showing that you meet all the applicable requirements
from the standard-setting part and pay the appropriate fee.
Alternatively, we may allow you to include in an existing certified
engine family those engines/equipment you modify (or otherwise
demonstrate) to be identical to engines/equipment already covered by the
certificate. We would base

[[Page 922]]

such an approval on our review of any appropriate documentation. These
engines/equipment must have emission control information labels that
accurately describe their status.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 FR 8428, Feb. 24, 2009]

Sec. 1068.210 What are the provisions for exempting test engines/equipment?

(a) We may exempt engines/equipment that you will use for research,
investigations, studies, demonstrations, or training. Note that you are
not required to get an exemption under this section for engines that are
exempted under other provisions of this part, such as the manufacturer-
owned exemption in Sec. 1068.215.
(b) Anyone may ask for a testing exemption.
(c) If you are a certificate holder, you may request an exemption
for engines/equipment you intend to include in test programs over a two-
year period.
(1) In your request, tell us the maximum number of engines/equipment
involved and describe how you will make sure exempted engines/equipment
are used only for this testing. For example, if the exemption will
involve other companies using your engines/equipment, describe your
plans to track individual units so you can properly report on their
final disposition.
(2) Give us the information described in paragraph (d) of this
section if we ask for it.
(d) If you are not a certificate holder, do all the following
things:
(1) Show that the proposed test program has a valid purpose under
paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) Show you need an exemption to achieve the purpose of the test
program (time constraints may be a basis for needing an exemption, but
the cost of certification alone is not).
(3) Estimate the duration of the proposed test program and the
number of engines/equipment involved.
(4) Allow us to monitor the testing.
(5) Describe how you will ensure that you stay within this
exemption's purposes. Address at least the following things:
(i) The technical nature of the test.
(ii) The test site.
(iii) The duration and accumulated engine/equipment operation
associated with the test.
(iv) Ownership and control of the engines/equipment involved in the
test.
(v) The intended final disposition of the engines/equipment.
(vi) How you will identify, record, and make available the engine/
equipment identification numbers.
(vii) The means or procedure for recording test results.
(e) If we approve your request for a testing exemption, we will send
you a letter or a memorandum describing the basis and scope of the
exemption. It will also include any necessary terms and conditions,
which normally require you to do the following:
(1) Stay within the scope of the exemption.
(2) Create and maintain adequate records that we may inspect.
(3) Add a permanent label to all engines/equipment exempted under
this section, consistent with Sec. 1068.45, with at least the following
items:
(i) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(ii) Your corporate name and trademark.
(iii) Engine displacement, family identification, and model year of
the engine/equipment (as applicable), or whom to contact for further
information.
(iv) One of these statements (as applicable):
(A) ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.210 OR 1068.215 FROM
EMISSION STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(B) ``THIS EQUIPMENT IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.210 OR 1068.215
FROM EMISSION STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(4) Tell us when the test program is finished.
(5) Tell us the final disposition of the engines/equipment.
(6) Send us a written confirmation that you meet the terms and
conditions of this exemption.

[76 FR 57488, Sept. 15, 2011]

[[Page 923]]

Sec. 1068.215 What are the provisions for exempting manufacturer-owned

engines/equipment?

(a) You are eligible for the exemption for manufacturer-owned
engines/equipment only if you are a certificate holder. Any engine for
which you meet all applicable requirements under this section is exempt
without request.
(b) Engines/equipment may be exempt without a request if they are
nonconforming engines/equipment under your ownership, possession, and
control and you do not operate them for purposes other than to develop
products, assess production methods, or promote your engines/equipment
in the marketplace, or other purposes we approve. You may not loan,
lease, sell, or use the engine/equipment to generate revenue, either by
itself or for an engine installed in a piece of equipment, except as
allowed by Sec. 1068.201(i). Note that this paragraph (b) does not
prevent the sale or shipment of a partially complete engine to a
secondary engine manufacturer that will meet the requirements of this
paragraph (b). See Sec. 1068.262 for provisions related to shipping
partially complete engines to secondary engine manufacturers.
(c) To use this exemption, you must do three things:
(1) Establish, maintain, and keep adequately organized and indexed
information on all exempted engines/equipment, including the engine/
equipment identification number, the use of the engine/equipment on
exempt status, and the final disposition of any engine/equipment removed
from exempt status.
(2) Let us access these records, as described in Sec. 1068.20.
(3) Add a permanent label to all engines/equipment exempted under
this section, consistent with Sec. 1068.45, with at least the following
items:
(i) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(ii) Your corporate name and trademark.
(iii) Family identification and model year of the engine/equipment
(as applicable), or whom to contact for further information.
(iv) One of these statements (as applicable):
(A) ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.210 OR 1068.215 FROM
EMISSION STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(B) ``THIS EQUIPMENT IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.210 OR 1068.215
FROM EMISSION STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23062, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.220 What are the provisions for exempting display

engines/equipment?

(a) Anyone may request an exemption for display engines/equipment.
(b) Nonconforming display engines/equipment will be exempted if they
are used only for displays in the interest of a business or the general
public. This exemption does not apply to engines/equipment displayed for
private use, private collections, or any other purpose we determine is
inappropriate for a display exemption.
(c) You may operate the exempted engine/equipment, but only if we
approve specific operation that is part of the display.
(d) You may sell or lease the exempted engine/equipment only with
our advance approval; you may not use it to generate revenue.
(e) To use this exemption, you must add a permanent label to all
engines/equipment exempted under this section, consistent with Sec.
1068.45, with at least the following items:
(1) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Your corporate name and trademark.
(3) Engine displacement, family identification, and model year of
the engine/equipment (as applicable), or whom to contact for further
information.
(4) One of these statements (as applicable):
(i) ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.220 FROM EMISSION
STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(ii) ``THIS EQUIPMENT IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.220 FROM EMISSION
STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(f) We may set other conditions for approval of this exemption.

[[Page 924]]

Sec. 1068.225 What are the provisions for exempting engines/equipment for

national security?

(a) An engine/equipment is exempt without a request if it will be
used or owned by an agency of the federal government responsible for
national defense, where the equipment in which it is installed has
armor, permanently attached weaponry, or other substantial features
typical of military combat.
(b) Manufacturers may request a national security exemption for
engines/equipment not meeting the conditions of paragraph (a) of this
section as long as the request is endorsed by an agency of the Federal
government responsible for national defense. In your request, explain
why you need the exemption.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Add a permanent label to all engines/equipment exempted under
this section, consistent with Sec. 1068.45, with at least the following
items:
(1) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Your corporate name and trademark.
(3) Engine displacement, family identification, and model year of
the engine/equipment (as applicable), or whom to contact for further
information.
(4) One of these statements (as applicable):
(i) ``THIS ENGINE HAS AN EXEMPTION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER 40
CFR 1068.225.''
(ii) ``THIS EQUIPMENT HAS AN EXEMPTION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER
40 CFR 1068.225.''

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 74 8428, Feb. 24, 2009; 75 FR
23062, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.230 What are the provisions for exempting engines/equipment for

export?

The provisions of this section apply differently depending on the
country to which the engines/equipment are being exported.
(a) We will not exempt new engines/equipment if you export them to a
country with emission standards identical to ours, in which case they
must be covered by a certificate of conformity. Where we determine that
such engines/equipment will not be placed into service in the United
States, the following provisions apply for special export-only
certification:
(1) The engines/equipment must be covered by a certificate of
conformity or equivalent approval issued by the destination country.
(2) To get an export-only certificate of conformity, send the
Designated Compliance Officer a request. We may require you to provide
information such as documentation of the foreign certification and
related test data.
(3) No fees apply for export-only certification.
(4) The engines/equipment must be labeled as specified in paragraph
(d) of this section.
(5) This export-only certificate is not considered a valid
certificate of conformity with respect to the prohibition in Sec.
1068.101(a)(1) for sale to ultimate purchasers in the United States.
These engines/equipment also may not reenter the United States unless
the regulations of this chapter otherwise allow it.
(b) Engines/equipment exported to a country not covered by paragraph
(a) of this section are exempt from the prohibited acts in this part
without a request. If you produce exempt engines/equipment for export
and any of them are sold or offered for sale to an ultimate purchaser in
the United States, we will void the exemption for those engines/
equipment.
(c) Except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, label
exempted engines/equipment (including shipping containers if the label
on the engine/equipment will be obscured by the container) with a label
showing that they are not certified for sale or use in the United
States. This label may be permanent or removable. See Sec. 1068.45 for
provisions related to the use of removable labels and applying labels to
containers without labeling individual engines/equipment. The label must
include your corporate name and trademark and one of the following
statements (as applicable):
(1) ``THIS ENGINE IS SOLELY FOR EXPORT AND IS THEREFORE EXEMPT UNDER
40 CFR 1068.230 FROM U.S. EMISSION STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(2) ``THIS EQUIPMENT IS SOLELY FOR EXPORT AND IS THEREFORE

[[Page 925]]

EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.230 FROM U.S. EMISSION STANDARDS AND RELATED
REQUIREMENTS.''
(d) You must apply a permanent label as specified in this paragraph
(d) for engines/equipment certified under paragraph (a) of this section.
You may apply a permanent label as specified in this paragraph (d)
instead of the label specified in paragraph (c) of this section for
exempted engines/equipment. Add a permanent label meeting the
requirements of the destination country and include in the bill of
lading a statement that the engines/equipment must be exported to avoid
violating EPA regulations. We may modify applicable labeling
requirements to align with the labeling requirements that apply for the
destination country.
(e) We may set other reasonable conditions to ensure that engines/
equipment exempted under this section are not placed into service in the
United States.
(f) Exemptions under this section expire once engines are no longer
in the United States. Therefore exemptions under this section do not
allow engines to be imported back into the United States.

Sec. 1068.235 What are the provisions for exempting engines/equipment used

solely for competition?

(a) New engines/equipment you produce that are used solely for
competition are generally excluded from emission standards. See the
standard-setting parts for specific provisions where applicable.
(b) If you modify any nonroad engines/equipment after they have been
placed into service in the United States so they will be used solely for
competition, they are exempt without request. This exemption applies
only to the prohibition in Sec. 1068.101(b)(1) and is valid only as
long as the engine/equipment is used solely for competition. You may not
use the provisions of this paragraph (b) to circumvent the requirements
that apply to the sale of new competition engines under the standard-
setting part.
(c) If you modify any nonroad engines/equipment under paragraph (b)
of this section, you must destroy the original emission labels. If you
loan, lease, sell, or give any of these engines/equipment to someone
else, you must tell the new owner (or operator, if applicable) in
writing that they may be used only for competition.

[76 FR 57489, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1068.240 What are the provisions for exempting new replacement engines?

The prohibitions in Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) do not apply to a new
engine if it is exempt under this section as a replacement engine. For
purposes of this section, a replacement engine is a new engine that is
used to replace an engine that has already been placed into service
(whether the previous engine is replaced in whole or in part with a new
engine).
(a) General provisions. You are eligible for the exemption for new
replacement engines only if you are a certificate holder. Note that this
exemption does not apply for locomotives (40 CFR 1033.601) and that
unique provisions apply to marine compression-ignition engines (40 CFR
1042.615). Paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section describe
different approaches for exempting new replacement engines where the
engines are specially built to correspond to an earlier model year that
was subject to less stringent standards than those that apply for
current production (or is no longer covered by a certificate of
conformity). Paragraph (e) of this section describes a simpler approach
for exempting partially complete new replacement engines that are built
under a certificate of conformity that is valid for producing engines
for the current model year.
(b) Previous-tier replacement engines with tracking. You may produce
any number of new replacement engines under this section if all the
following conditions are true:
(1) You produce a new engine to replace an engine already placed
into service in a piece of equipment.
(2) The engine being replaced was not originally subject to emission
standards or was originally subject to less stringent emission standards
than those that would otherwise apply to the new engine. The provisions
of this paragraph (b) also apply for engines that were originally
certified to the

[[Page 926]]

same standards that apply for the current model year if you no longer
have a certificate of conformity to continue producing that engine
configuration.
(3) You determine that you do not produce an engine certified to
meet current requirements that has the appropriate physical or
performance characteristics to repower the equipment. If the engine
being replaced was made by a different company, you must make this
determination also for engines produced by this other company. You must
keep records to document your basis for making this determination.
(4) You or your agent takes possession of the old engine or confirms
that the old engine has been destroyed.
(5) If the old engine was subject to emission standards, you must
make the new replacement engine in a configuration identical in all
material respects to the old engine and meet the requirements of Sec.
1068.265. You may alternatively make the new replacement engine in a
configuration identical in all material respects to another certified
engine of the same or later model year as long as the engine is not
certified with a family emission limit higher than that of the old
engine.
(6) You add a permanent label, consistent with Sec. 1068.45, with
your corporate name and trademark and the following additional
information:
(i) Add the following statement if the engine being replaced was not
subject to any emission standards under this chapter:

THIS ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY WITH U.S. EPA EMISSION REQUIREMENTS. SELLING
OR INSTALLING THIS ENGINE FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN TO REPLACE AN
ENGINE BUILT BEFORE JANUARY 1, [Insert appropriate year reflecting when
the earliest tier of standards began to apply to engines of that size
and type] MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.

(ii) Add the following statement if the engine being replaced was
subject to emission standards:

THIS ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR [Identify
the appropriate emission standards (by model year, tier, or emission
levels) for the replaced engine] ENGINES UNDER 40 CFR 1068.240. SELLING
OR INSTALLING THIS ENGINE FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN TO REPLACE A
[Identify the appropriate emission standards for the replaced engine, by
model year(s), tier(s), or emission levels)] ENGINE MAY BE A VIOLATION
OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.

(7) Engines exempt under this paragraph (b) may not be introduced
into commerce before you make the determination under paragraph (b)(3),
except as specified in this paragraph (b)(7). We may waive this
restriction for engines excluded under paragraph (c)(5) of this section
that you ship to a distributor. Where we waive this restriction, you
must take steps to ensure that the engine is installed consistent with
the requirements of this paragraph (b). For example, at a minimum you
must report to us annually whether engines we allowed you to ship to a
distributor under this paragraph (b)(7) have been placed into service or
remain in inventory. After an engine is placed into service, your report
must describe how the engine was installed consistent with the
requirements of this paragraph (b). Send these reports to the Designated
Compliance Officer by the deadlines we specify.
(c) Previous-tier replacement engines without tracking. You may
produce a limited number of new replacement engines that are not from a
currently certified engine family under the provisions of this paragraph
(c). If you produce new engines under this paragraph (c) to replace
engines subject to emission standards, the new replacement engine must
be in a configuration identical in all material respects to the old
engine and meet the requirements of Sec. 1068.265. This would apply,
for example, for engine configurations that were certified in an earlier
model year but are no longer covered by a certificate of conformity. You
must comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section for
any number of replacement engines you produce in excess of what we allow
under this paragraph (c). Engines produced under this paragraph (c) may
be redesignated as engines subject to paragraph (b) of this

[[Page 927]]

section, as long as you meet all the requirements and conditions of
paragraph (b) of this section before the end of the calendar year in
which the engine was produced. The following provisions apply to engines
exempted under this paragraph (c):
(1) You may produce a limited number of replacement engines under
this paragraph (c) representing 0.5 percent of your annual production
volumes for each category and subcategory of engines identified in Table
1 to this section (1.0 percent through 2013). Calculate this number by
multiplying your annual U.S.-directed production volume by 0.005 (or
0.01 through 2013) and rounding to the nearest whole number. Determine
the appropriate production volume by identifying the highest total
annual U.S.-directed production volume of engines from the previous
three model years for all your certified engines from each category or
subcategory identified in Table 1 to this section, as applicable. In
unusual circumstances, you may ask us to base your production limits on
U.S.-directed production volume for a model year more than three years
prior. Include only those stationary engines from your U.S.-directed
production volume that are certified under one of the standard-setting
parts identified in Table 1 to this section. Do not include any exempted
engines you produce as part of your U.S.-directed production volume,
even if those engines must meet emission standards as a condition of the
exemption. Include U.S.-directed engines produced by any parent or
subsidiary companies and those from any other companies you license to
produce engines for you.
(2) Count every exempted new replacement engine from your total
U.S.-directed production volume that you produce in a given calendar
year under this paragraph (c), including partially complete engines,
except for the following:
(i) Engines built to specifications for an earlier model year under
paragraph (b) of this section.
(ii) Partially complete engines exempted under paragraph (e) of this
section.
(3) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a report by February 15
of the year following any year in which you produced exempted
replacement engines under this paragraph (c). In your report include the
total number of replacement engines you produce under this paragraph (c)
for each category or subcategory, as appropriate, and the corresponding
total production volumes determined under paragraph (c)(1) of this
section. If you send us a report under this paragraph (c)(3), you must
also include the total number of replacement engines you produced under
paragraphs (b), (d), and (e) of this section. You may include this
information in production reports required under the standard-setting
part.
(4) Add a permanent label as specified in paragraph (b)(6) of this
section. For partially complete engines, you may alternatively add a
permanent or removable label as specified in paragraph (d) of this
section.
(5) You may not use the provisions of this paragraph (c) for any
engines in the following engine categories or subcategories:
(i) Land-based nonroad compression-ignition engines we regulate
under 40 CFR part 1039 with a per-cylinder displacement at or above 7.0
liters.
(ii) Marine compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1042 with a per-cylinder displacement at or above 7.0 liters.
(iii) Locomotive engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 1033.
(d) Partially complete engines. The following requirements apply if
you ship a partially complete replacement engine under paragraph (b) or
(c) of this section:
(1) Provide instructions specifying how to complete the engine
assembly such that the resulting engine conforms to the applicable
certificate of conformity or the specifications of Sec. 1068.265. Where
a partially complete engine can be built into multiple different
configurations, you must be able to identify all the engine models and
model years for which the partially complete engine may properly be used
for replacement purposes. Your instructions must make clear how the
final assembler can determine which configurations are appropriate for
the engine they receive.

[[Page 928]]

(2) You must label the engine as follows:
(i) If you have a reasonable basis to believe that the fully
assembled engine will include the original emission control information
label, you may add a removable label to the engine with your corporate
name and trademark and the statement: ``This replacement engine is
exempt under 40 CFR 1068.240.'' This would generally apply if all the
engine models that are compatible with the replacement engine were
covered by a certificate of conformity and they were labeled in a
position on the engine or equipment that is not included as part of the
partially complete engine being shipped for replacement purposes.
Removable labels must meet the requirements specified in Sec. 1068.45.
(ii) If you do not qualify for using a removable label in paragraph
(d)(1) of this section, you must add a permanent label in a readily
visible location, though it may be obscured after installation in a
piece of equipment. Include on the permanent label your corporate name
and trademark, the engine's part number (or other identifying
information), and the statement: ``This replacement engine is exempt
under 40 CFR 1068.240.'' If there is not enough space for this
statement, you may alternatively add: ``REPLACEMENT'' or ``SERVICE
ENGINE''. For purposes of this paragraph (d)(2), engine part numbers
permanently stamped or engraved on the engine are considered to be
included on the label.
(e) Partially complete current-tier replacement engines. The
provisions of paragraph (d) of this section apply for partially complete
engines you produce from a current line of certified engines or
vehicles. This applies for engine-based and equipment-based standards as
follows:
(1) Where engine-based standards apply, you may introduce into U.S.
commerce short blocks or other partially complete engines from a
currently certified engine family as replacement components for in-use
equipment powered by engines you originally produced. You must be able
to identify all the engine models and model years for which the
partially complete engine may properly be used for replacement purposes.
(2) Where equipment-based standards apply, you may introduce into
U.S. commerce engines that are identical to engines covered by a current
certificate of conformity by demonstrating compliance with currently
applicable standards where the engines will be installed as replacement
engines. These engines might be fully assembled, but we would consider
them to be partially complete engines because they are not yet installed
in the equipment.
(f) Emission credits. Replacement engines exempted under this
section may not generate or use emission credits under the standard-
setting part nor be part of any associated credit calculations.
(g) Circumvention. The provisions of this section may not be used to
circumvent emission standards that apply to new engines under the
standard-setting part.
(1) The provisions of this section are intended to allow for
replacement of engines that fail prematurely if none of the following is
true:
(i) The engine can reasonably be repaired or rebuilt.
(ii) A different used engine (including rebuilt engines) can be
used, consistent with applicable regulations. Note that the regulations
limit the use of used engines from certain categories, such as
converting land-based engines for use in marine vessels.
(iii) A new certified engine is available with the appropriate
physical and performance characteristics.
(2) Anyone installing or completing assembly of an exempted new
replacement engine is deemed to be a manufacturer of a new engine with
respect to the prohibitions of Sec. 1068.101(a)(1). This applies to all
engines exempted under this section.
(3) The stockpiling restrictions specified in Sec. 1068.103(f) do
not apply for engines that will be introduced into U.S. commerce only as
allowed by this section. The model year restrictions specified in Sec.
1068.103(f) do not apply for engines produced under paragraphs (d) and
(e) of this section if you can demonstrate that the engines will be used
only as replacement engines.

[[Page 929]]

Table 1 to Sec. 1068.240--Engine Categories and Subcategories for Streamlined Compliance Provisions for New
Replacement Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine category Standard-setting part \1\ Engine subcategories
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Highway CI............................. 40 CFR part 86............ disp. < 0.6 L/cyl
0.6 <= disp. < 1.2 L/cyl
disp. = 1.2 L/cyl
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonroad CI, Stationary CI, and Marine 40 CFR part 1039, or 40 disp. < 0.6 L/cyl
CI. CFR part 1042. 0.6 <= disp. < 1.2 L/cyl
1.2 <= disp. < 2.5 L/cyl
2.5 <= disp. < 7.0 L/cyl
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marine SI.............................. 40 CFR part 1045.......... outboard.
personal watercraft.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Large SI, Stationary SI, and Marine SI 40 CFR part 1048 or 40 CFR all engines.
(sterndrive/ inboard only). part 1045.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recreational vehicles.................. 40 CFR part 1051.......... off-highway motorcycle.
all-terrain vehicle.
snowmobile.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small SI and Stationary SI............. 40 CFR part 1054.......... handheld.
Class I.
Class II.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Include an engine as being subject to the identified standard-setting part if it will eventually be subject
to emission standards under that part. For example, if you certify marine compression-ignition engines under
part 94, count those as if they were already subject to part 1042.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23062, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.245 What temporary provisions address hardship due to unusual

circumstances?

(a) After considering the circumstances, we may permit you to
introduce into U.S. commerce engines/equipment that do not comply with
emission-related requirements for a limited time if all the following
conditions apply:
(1) Unusual circumstances that are clearly outside your control
prevent you from meeting requirements from this chapter.
(2) You exercised prudent planning and were not able to avoid the
violation; you have taken all reasonable steps to minimize the extent of
the nonconformity.
(3) No other allowances are available under the regulations in this
chapter to avoid the impending violation, including the provisions of
Sec. 1068.250.
(4) Not having the exemption will jeopardize the solvency of your
company.
(b) If your unusual circumstances are only related to compliance
with the model-year provisions of Sec. 1068.103(f), we may grant
hardship under this section without a demonstration that the solvency of
your company is in jeopardy as follows:
(1) You must demonstrate that the conditions specified in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (3) of this section apply.
(2) Your engines/equipment must comply with standards and other
requirements that would have applied if assembly were completed on
schedule.
(3) You may generally request this exemption only for engines/
equipment for which assembly has been substantially completed; you may
not begin assembly of any additional engines/equipment under this
exemption after the cause for delay has occurred. We may make an
exception to this general restriction for secondary engine
manufacturers.
(4) As an example, if your normal production process involves
purchase of partially complete engines and a supplier fails to deliver
all the ordered engines in time for your assembly according to your
previously established schedule as a result of a fire at its factory,
you may request that we treat those engine as if they had been completed
on the original schedule. Note that we would grant relief only for those
engines where you had a reasonable basis for expecting the engines to

[[Page 930]]

be delivered on time based on past performance and terms of purchase.
(c) To apply for an exemption, you must send the Designated
Compliance Officer a written request as soon as possible before you are
in violation. In your request, show that you meet all the conditions and
requirements in paragraph (a) of this section.
(d) Include in your request a plan showing how you will meet all the
applicable requirements as quickly as possible.
(e) You must give us other relevant information if we ask for it.
(f) We may include reasonable additional conditions on an approval
granted under this section, including provisions to recover or otherwise
address the lost environmental benefit or paying fees to offset any
economic gain resulting from the exemption. For example, in the case of
multiple tiers of emission standards, we may require that you meet the
standards from the previous tier whether or not your hardship is granted
under paragraph (b) of this section.
(g) Add a permanent label to all engines/equipment exempted under
this section, consistent with Sec. 1068.45, with at least the following
items:
(1) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Your corporate name and trademark.
(3) Engine displacement (in liters or cubic centimeters), and model
year of the engine/equipment, (as applicable); or whom to contact for
further information. We may also require that you include maximum engine
power.
(4) A statement describing the engine's status as an exempted
engine:
(i) If the engine/equipment does not meet any emission standards,
add one of the following statements:
(A) ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.245 FROM EMISSION
STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(B) ``THIS EQUIPMENT IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.245 FROM EMISSION
STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(ii) If the engines/equipment meet alternate emission standards as a
condition of an exemption under this section, we may specify a different
statement to identify the alternate emission standards.

Sec. 1068.250 What are the provisions for extending compliance deadlines for

small businesses under hardship?

(a) After considering the circumstances, we may extend the
compliance deadline for you to meet new or revised emission standards as
long as you meet all the conditions and requirements in this section.
(b) You must be a small business to be eligible for this exemption.
(c) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a written request for an
extension. In your request, show that all the following conditions and
requirements apply:
(1) You have taken all possible business, technical, and economic
steps to comply.
(i) In the case of importers of engines/equipment produced by other
companies, show that you attempted to find a manufacturer capable of
supplying complying products as soon as you became aware of the
applicable requirements but were unable to do so.
(ii) For all other manufacturers, show that the burden of compliance
costs prevents you from meeting the requirements of this chapter.
(2) Not having the exemption will jeopardize the solvency of your
company.
(3) No other allowances are available under the regulations in this
chapter to avoid the impending violation.
(d) In describing the steps you have taken to comply under paragraph
(c)(1) of this section, include at least the following information:
(1) Describe your business plan, showing the range of projects
active or under consideration.
(2) Describe your current and projected financial status, with and
without the burden of complying fully with the applicable regulations in
this chapter.
(3) Describe your efforts to raise capital to comply with
regulations in this chapter (this may not apply for importers).
(4) Identify the engineering and technical steps you have taken or
those you plan to take to comply with regulations in this chapter.

[[Page 931]]

(5) Identify the level of compliance you can achieve. For example,
you may be able to produce engines/equipment that meet a somewhat less
stringent emission standard than the regulations in this chapter
require.
(e) Include in your request a plan showing how you will meet all the
applicable requirements as quickly as possible.
(f) You must give us other relevant information if we ask for it.
(g) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
request and include the statement: ``All the information in this request
is true and accurate to the best of my knowledge.''
(h) Send your request for this extension at least nine months before
the relevant deadline. If different deadlines apply to companies that
are not small-volume manufacturers, do not send your request before the
regulations in question apply to the other manufacturers. Otherwise, do
not send your request more than three years before the relevant
deadline.
(i) We may include reasonable requirements on an approval granted
under this section, including provisions to recover or otherwise address
the lost environmental benefit. For example, we may require that you
meet a less stringent emission standard or buy and use available
emission credits.
(j) We may approve extensions of the compliance deadlines as
reasonable under the circumstances up to one model year at a time, and
up to three years total.
(k) Add a permanent label to all engines/equipment exempted under
this section, consistent with Sec. 1068.45, with at least the following
items:
(1) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Your corporate name and trademark.
(3) Engine displacement (in liters or cubic centimeters), and model
year of the engine/equipment (as applicable); or whom to contact for
further information. We may also require that you include maximum engine
power.
(4) A statement describing the engine's status as an exempted
engine:
(i) If the engine/equipment does not meet any emission standards,
add one of the following statements:
(A) ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.250 FROM EMISSION
STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(B) ``THIS EQUIPMENT IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.250 FROM EMISSION
STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
(ii) If the engine/equipment meets alternate emission standards as a
condition of an exemption under this section, we may specify a different
statement to identify the alternate emission standards.

Sec. 1068.255 What are the provisions for exempting engines and fuel-system

components for hardship for equipment manufacturers and secondary engine

manufacturers?

This section describes how, in unusual circumstances, we may approve
an exemption to prevent hardship to an equipment manufacturer or a
secondary engine manufacturer. This section does not apply to products
that are subject to equipment-based exhaust emission standards.
(a) Equipment exemption. As an equipment manufacturer, you may ask
for approval to produce exempted equipment for up to 12 months. We will
generally limit this to the first year that new or revised emission
standards apply. Send the Designated Compliance Officer a written
request for an exemption before you are in violation. In your request,
you must show you are not at fault for the impending violation and that
you would face serious economic hardship if we do not grant the
exemption. This exemption is not available under this paragraph (a) if
you manufacture the engine or fuel-system components you need for your
own equipment, or if complying engines or fuel-system components are
available from other manufacturers that could be used in your equipment,
unless we allow it elsewhere in this chapter. We may impose other
conditions, including provisions to use products meeting less stringent
emission standards or to recover the lost environmental benefit. In
determining whether to grant the exemptions, we will consider all
relevant factors, including the following:
(1) The number of engines or fuel-system components involved.

[[Page 932]]

(2) The size of your company and your ability to endure the
hardship.
(3) The amount of time you had to redesign your equipment to
accommodate complying products.
(4) Whether there was any breach of contract by a supplier.
(5) The potential for market disruption.
(b) Engine and fuel-system component exemption. As an engine
manufacturer or fuel-system component manufacturer, you may produce
nonconforming products for the equipment we exempt in paragraph (a) of
this section. You do not have to request this exemption but you must
have written assurance from equipment manufacturers that they need a
certain number of exempted products under this section. Label engines or
fuel-system components as follows, consistent with Sec. 1068.45:
(1) Engines. Add a permanent label to all engines/equipment exempted
under this section with at least the following items:
(i) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(ii) Your corporate name and trademark.
(iii) Engine displacement (in liters or cubic centimeters) and model
year of the engine, or whom to contact for further information. We may
also require that you include maximum engine power.
(iv) If the engine does not meet any emission standards: ``THIS
ENGINE IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.255 FROM EMISSION STANDARDS AND
RELATED REQUIREMENTS.'' If the engine meets alternate emission standards
as a condition of an exemption under this section, we may specify a
different statement to identify the alternate emission standards.
(2) Fuel-system components. Add a permanent label to all engines/
equipment exempted under this section with at least the following items:
(i) Your corporate name and trademark.
(ii) The statement ``EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.255''.
(c) Secondary engine manufacturers. As a secondary engine
manufacturer, you may ask for approval to produce exempted engines under
this section for up to 12 months. We may require you to certify your
engines to compliance levels above the emission standards that apply.
For example, in the case of multiple tiers of emission standards, we may
require you to meet the standards from the previous tier.
(1) The provisions in paragraph (a) of this section that apply to
equipment manufacturers requesting an exemption apply equally to you
except that you may manufacture the engines. Before we approve an
exemption under this section, we will generally require that you commit
to a plan to make up the lost environmental benefit.
(i) If you produce uncertified engines under this exemption, we will
calculate the lost environmental benefit based on our best estimate of
uncontrolled emission rates for your engines.
(ii) If you produce engines under this exemption that are certified
to a compliance level less stringent than the emission standards that
would otherwise apply, we will calculate the lost environmental benefit
based on the compliance level you select for your engines.
(2) The labeling requirements in paragraph (b) of this section apply
to your exempted engines; however, if you certify engines to specific
compliance levels, state on the label the compliance levels that apply
to each engine.

Sec. 1068.260 What general provisions apply for selling or shipping engines

that are not yet in their certified configuration?

Except as specified in paragraph (e) of this section, all new
engines in the United States are presumed to be subject to the
prohibitions of Sec. 1068.101, which generally require that all new
engines be in a certified configuration before being introduced into
U.S. commerce. All emission-related components generally need to be
installed on an engine for such an engine to be in its certified
configuration. This section specifies clarifications and exemptions
related to these requirements for engines. Except for paragraph (c) of
this section, the provisions of this section generally apply for engine-
based standards but not for equipment-based standards.

[[Page 933]]

(a) The provisions of this paragraph (a) apply for emission-related
components that cannot practically be assembled before shipment because
they depend on equipment design parameters.
(1) You do not need an exemption to ship an engine that does not
include installation or assembly of certain emission-related components,
if those components are shipped along with the engine. For example, you
may generally ship aftertreatment devices along with engines rather than
installing them on the engine before shipment. We may require you to
describe how you plan to use this provision.
(2) You may ask us at the time of certification for an exemption to
allow you to ship your engines without emission-related components. If
we allow this, we may specify conditions that we determine are needed to
ensure that shipping the engine without such components will not result
in the engine being operated outside of its certified configuration. See
paragraph (d) of this section for additional provisions that apply in
certain circumstances.
(b) You do not need an exemption to ship engines without specific
components if they are not emission-related components identified in
Appendix I of this part. For example, you may generally ship engines
without radiators needed to cool the engine.
(c) If you are a certificate holder, partially complete engines
shipped between two of your facilities are exempt, subject to the
provisions of this paragraph (c), as long as you maintain ownership and
control of the engines until they reach their destination. We may also
allow this where you do not maintain actual ownership and control of the
engines (such as hiring a shipping company to transport the engines) but
only if you demonstrate that the engines will be transported only
according to your specifications. See Sec. 1068.261(b) for the
provisions that apply instead of this paragraph (c) for the special case
of integrated manufacturers using the delegated-assembly exemption.
Notify us of your intent to use this exemption in your application for
certification, if applicable. Your exemption is effective when we grant
your certificate. You may alternatively request an exemption in a
separate submission; for example, this would be necessary if you will
not be the certificate holder for the engines in question. We may
require you to take specific steps to ensure that such engines are in a
certified configuration before reaching the ultimate purchaser. Note
that since this is a temporary exemption, it does not allow you to sell
or otherwise distribute to ultimate purchasers an engine in an
uncertified configuration. Note also that the exempted engine remains
new and subject to emission standards (see definition of ``exempted'' in
Sec. 1068.30) until its title is transferred to the ultimate purchaser
or it otherwise ceases to be new.
(d) See Sec. 1068.261 for delegated-assembly provisions in which
certificate-holding manufacturers introduce into U.S. commerce engines
that are not yet equipped with certain emission-related components. See
Sec. 1068.262 for provisions related to manufacturers introducing into
U.S. commerce partially complete engines for which a secondary engine
manufacturer holds the certificate of conformity.
(e) Engines used in hobby vehicles are not presumed to be engines
subject to the prohibitions of Sec. 1068.101. Hobby vehicles are
reduced-scale models of vehicles that are not capable of transporting a
person. Some gas turbine engines are subject to the prohibitions of
Sec. 1068.101, but we do not presume that all gas turbine engines are
subject to these prohibitions. Other engines that do not have a valid
certificate of conformity or exemption when introduced into U.S.
commerce are presumed to be engines subject to the prohibitions of Sec.
1068.101 unless we determine that such engines are excluded from the
prohibitions of Sec. 1068.101.
(f) While we presume that new nonhobby engines are subject to the
prohibitions of Sec. 1068.101, we may determine that a specific engine
is not subject to these prohibitions based on information you provide or
other information that is available to us. For example, the provisions
of this part 1068 and the standard-setting parts provide for exemptions
in certain circumstances. Also, some engines are subject to separate
prohibitions under

[[Page 934]]

subchapter C instead of the prohibitions of Sec. 1068.101 (see for
example, 40 CFR 89.1003).

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23064, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.261 What provisions apply for selling or shipping certified engines

that are not yet in the certified configuration?

This section describes an exemption that allows certificate holders
to sell or ship engines that are missing certain emission-related
components if those components will be installed by an equipment
manufacturer. This section does not apply to equipment subject to
equipment-based standards. See the standard-setting part to determine
whether and how the provisions of this section apply. (Note: See Sec.
1068.262 for provisions related to manufacturers introducing into U.S.
commerce partially complete engines for which someone else holds the
certificate of conformity.) This exemption is temporary as described in
paragraph (f) of this section.
(a) Shipping an engine separately from an aftertreatment component
that you have specified as part of its certified configuration will not
be a violation of the prohibitions in Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) subject to
the provisions in this section.
(b) If you manufacture engines and install them in equipment you
also produce, you must take steps to ensure that your facilities,
procedures, and production records are set up to ensure that equipment
and engines are assembled in their proper certified configurations. For
example, you may demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this
section by maintaining a database showing how you pair aftertreatment
components with the appropriate engines such that the final product is
in its certified configuration.
(c) If you include the price of all aftertreatment components in the
price of the engine and ship the aftertreatment components directly to
the equipment manufacturer, or arrange for separate shipment by the
component manufacturer to the equipment manufacturer, all the following
conditions apply:
(1) Apply for and receive a certificate of conformity for the engine
and its emission control system before shipment as described in the
standard-setting part. For an existing certificate of conformity, amend
the application for certification by describing your plans to use the
provisions of this section as described in paragraph (c)(8) of this
section.
(2) Provide installation instructions in enough detail to ensure
that the engine will be in its certified configuration if someone
follows these instructions. Provide the installation instructions in a
timely manner, generally directly after you receive an order for
shipping engines or earlier. If you apply removable labels as described
in paragraph (c)(7)(i) of this section, include an instruction for the
equipment manufacturer to remove the label after installing the
appropriate aftertreatment component.
(3) Have a contractual agreement with the equipment manufacturer
obligating the equipment manufacturer to complete the final assembly of
the engine so it is in its certified configuration when final assembly
is complete. This agreement must also obligate the equipment
manufacturer to provide the affidavits required under paragraph (c)(4)
of this section.
(4) Take appropriate additional steps to ensure that all engines
will be in a certified configuration when installed by the equipment
manufacturer. At a minimum, you must obtain annual affidavits from every
equipment manufacturer to which you sell engines under this section.
Include engines that you sell to distributors or dealers. The affidavits
must list the part numbers of the aftertreatment devices that equipment
manufacturers install on each engine they purchase from you under this
section and include confirmation that the number of aftertreatment
devices received were sufficient for the number of engines involved.
(5) [Reserved]
(6) Keep records to document how many engines you produce under this
exemption. Also, keep records to document your contractual agreements
under paragraph (c)(3) of this section. Keep all these records for five
years after the end of the applicable model

[[Page 935]]

year and make them available to us upon request.
(7) Make sure the engine has the emission control information label
we require under the standard-setting part. Include additional labeling
using one of the following approaches:
(i) Apply an additional removable label in a way that makes it
unlikely that the engine will be installed in equipment other than in
its certified configuration. The label must identify the engine as
incomplete and include a clear statement that failing to install the
aftertreatment device, or otherwise failing to bring the engine into its
certified configuration, is a violation of federal law subject to civil
penalty.
(ii) Add the statement ``DELEGATED ASSEMBLY'' to the permanent
emission control information label. You may alternatively add the
abbreviated statement ``DEL ASSY'' if there is not enough room on the
label.
(8) Describe the following things in your application for
certification:
(i) How you plan to use the provisions of this section.
(ii) A detailed plan for auditing equipment manufacturers, as
described in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, if applicable.
(iii) All other steps you plan to take under paragraph (c)(4) of
this section.
(9) If one of your engines produced under this section is selected
for production-line testing or a selective enforcement audit, you must
arrange to get a randomly selected aftertreatment component from either
the equipment manufacturer or the equipment manufacturer's supplier. You
may keep an inventory of these randomly selected parts, consistent with
good engineering judgment and the intent of this section. You may obtain
such aftertreatment components from any point in the normal distribution
from the aftertreatment component manufacturer to the equipment
manufacturer. Keep records describing how you randomly selected these
aftertreatment components, consistent with the requirements specified in
the standard-setting part.
(10) Note that for purposes of importation, you may itemize your
invoice to identify separate costs for engines and aftertreatment
components that will be shipped separately. A copy of your invoice from
the aftertreatment manufacturer may be needed to avoid payment of
importation duties for the engine that also include the value of
aftertreatment components.
(d) If you do not include the price of all aftertreatment components
in the price of the engine, you must meet all the conditions described
in paragraphs (c)(1) through (9) of this section, with the following
additional provisions:
(1) The contractual agreement described in paragraph (c)(3) of this
section must include a commitment that the equipment manufacturer will
do the following things:
(i) Purchase the aftertreatment components you have specified in
your application for certification and keep records to document these
purchases.
(ii) Cooperate with the audits described in paragraph (d)(3) of this
section.
(2) You must have written confirmation that the equipment
manufacturer has ordered the appropriate type of aftertreatment
components for an initial shipment of engines under this section. For
the purpose of this paragraph (d)(2), initial shipment means the first
shipment of engines that are subject to new or more stringent emissions
standard (or the first shipment of engines using the provisions of this
section) to a given equipment manufacturer for a given engine family.
For the purpose of this paragraph (d)(2), you may treat as a single
engine family those engine families from different model years that
differ only with respect to model year or other characteristics
unrelated to emissions. You must receive the written confirmation within
30 days after shipment. If you do not receive written confirmation
within 30 days, you may not ship any more engines from that engine
family to that equipment manufacturer until you have the written
confirmation. Note that it may be appropriate to obtain subsequent
written confirmations to ensure compliance with this section, as
described in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
(3) You must perform or arrange for audits of equipment
manufacturers as follows:
(i) If you sell engines to 16 or more equipment manufacturers under
the

[[Page 936]]

provisions of this section, you must annually perform or arrange for
audits of four equipment manufacturers to whom you sell engines under
this section. To select individual equipment manufacturers, divide all
the affected equipment manufacturers into quartiles based on the number
of engines they buy from you; select a single equipment manufacturer
from each quartile each model year. Vary the equipment manufacturers
selected for auditing from year to year, though you may repeat an audit
in a later model year if you find or suspect that a particular equipment
manufacturer is not properly installing aftertreatment devices.
(ii) If you sell engines to fewer than 16 equipment manufacturers
under the provisions of this section, set up a plan to perform or
arrange for audits of each equipment manufacturer on average once every
four model years.
(iii) Starting with the 2019 model year, if you sell engines to
fewer than 40 equipment manufacturers under the provisions of this
section, you may ask us to approve a reduced auditing rate. We may
approve an alternate plan that involves audits of each equipment
manufacturer on average once every ten model years as long as you show
that you have met the auditing requirements in preceding years without
finding noncompliance or improper procedures.
(iv) To meet these audit requirements, you or your agent must at a
minimum inspect the assembling companies' procedures and production
records to monitor their compliance with your instructions, investigate
some assembled engines, and confirm that the number of aftertreatment
devices shipped were sufficient for the number of engines produced.
(v) You must keep records of these audits for five years after the
end of the applicable model year.
(e) The following provisions apply if you ship engines without air
filters or other portions of the air intake system that are specifically
identified by part number (or other specific part reference) in the
application for certification such that the shipped engine is not in its
certified configuration. You do not need an exemption under this section
to ship engines without air intake system components if you instead
describe in your installation instructions how equipment manufacturers
should use components meeting certain functional specifications.
(1) If you are using the provisions of this section to ship an
engine without aftertreatment, apply all the provisions of this section
to ensure that each engine, including its intake system, is in its
certified configuration before it reaches the ultimate purchaser.
(2) If you are not using the provisions of this section to ship an
engine without aftertreatment, shipping an engine without air-intake
components that you have specified as part of its certified
configuration will not be a violation of the prohibitions in Sec.
1068.101(a) if you follow the provisions specified in paragraph (b) or
paragraphs (c)(1) through (9) of this section. If we find there is a
problem, we may require you to perform audits as specified in paragraph
(d)(3) of this section.
(f) Once the equipment manufacturer takes possession of an engine
exempted under this section and the engine reaches the point of final
equipment assembly, the exemption expires and the engine is subject to
all the prohibitions in Sec. 1068.101. Note that the engine's model
year does not change based on the date the equipment manufacturer adds
the aftertreatment device and/or air filter under this section.
(g) You may use the provisions of this section for engines you sell
to a distributor as described in this paragraph (g) using one of the
following approaches:
(1) You may sell engines through a distributor if you comply with
the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section with respect to the
equipment manufacturer.
(2) You may treat the distributor as the equipment manufacturer as
described in this paragraph (g)(2) for all applicable requirements and
prohibitions. Such distributors must bring engines into their final
certified configuration. This may include shipping the engine with the
appropriate aftertreatment device and/or air filter, but without
completing the assembly

[[Page 937]]

with all the components. The exemptions expire for such engines when the
distributor no longer has control of them.
(h) You must notify us within 15 days if you find from an audit or
another source that engines produced under this section are not in a
certified configuration at the point of final assembly or that an
equipment manufacturer has otherwise failed to meet its obligations
under this section. If this occurs, send us a report describing the
circumstances related to the noncompliance within 75 days after you
notify us.
(i) We may suspend, revoke, or void an exemption under this section,
as follows:
(1) We may suspend or revoke your exemption for a specific equipment
manufacturer if any of the engines are not in a certified configuration
after installation in that manufacturer's equipment, or if we determine
that the equipment manufacturer has otherwise failed to comply with the
requirements of this section. We may also suspend or revoke your
exemption for other engine families with respect to the equipment
manufacturer unless you demonstrate that the noncompliance is limited to
a specific engine family. You may not use this exemption for future
shipments to the affected equipment manufacturer without taking action
beyond the minimum steps specified in this section, such as performing
on-site audits. We will approve further use of this exemption only if
you convince us that you have adequately addressed the factors causing
the noncompliance.
(2) We may suspend or revoke your exemption for the entire engine
family if we determine that you have failed to comply with the
requirements of this section. If we make an adverse decision with
respect to the exemption for any of your engine families under this
paragraph (i), this exemption will not apply for future certificates
unless you convince us that the factors causing the noncompliance do not
apply to the other engine families. We may also set additional
conditions beyond the provisions specified in this section.
(3) We may void your exemption for the entire engine family if you
intentionally submit false or incomplete information or fail to keep and
provide to EPA the records required by this section. Note that all
records and reports required under this section (whether generated by
the engine manufacturer, equipment manufacturer, or others) are subject
to the prohibition in Sec. 1068.101(a)(2), which prohibits the
submission of false or incomplete information. For example, the
affidavits required by this section are considered a submission.
(j) You are liable for the in-use compliance of any engine that is
exempt under this section.
(k) It is a violation of Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) for any person to
introduce into U.S. commerce a previously exempted engine, including as
part of a piece of equipment, without complying fully with the
installation instructions.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23064, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.262 What are the provisions for temporarily exempting engines for

shipment to secondary engine manufacturers?

This section specifies when manufacturers may introduce into U.S.
commerce partially complete engines that have an exemption or a
certificate of conformity held by a secondary engine manufacturer and
are not yet in a certified configuration. See the standard-setting part
to determine whether and how the provisions of this section apply.
(Note: See Sec. 1068.261 for provisions related to manufacturers
introducing into U.S. commerce partially complete engines for which they
hold the certificate of conformity.) This exemption is temporary as
described in paragraph (g) of this section.
(a) The provisions of this section generally apply where the
secondary engine manufacturer has substantial control over the design
and assembly of emission controls. In determining whether a manufacturer
has substantial control over the design and assembly of emission
controls, we would consider the degree to which the secondary engine
manufacturer would be able to ensure that the engine will conform to the
regulations in its final configuration. Such secondary engine
manufacturers may finish assembly of partially complete engines in the
following cases:

[[Page 938]]

(1) You obtain an engine that is not fully assembled with the intent
to manufacture a complete engine.
(2) You obtain an engine with the intent to modify it before it
reaches the ultimate purchaser.
(3) You obtain an engine with the intent to install it in equipment
that will be subject to equipment-based standards.
(b) Manufacturers may introduce into U.S. commerce partially
complete engines as described in this section if they have a written
request for such engines from a secondary engine manufacturer that has
certified the engine and will finish the engine assembly. The written
request must include a statement that the secondary engine manufacturer
has a certificate of conformity for the engine and identify a valid
engine family name associated with each engine model ordered (or the
basis for an exemption if applicable, as specified in paragraph (e) of
this section). The original engine manufacturer must apply a removable
label meeting the requirements of Sec. 1068.45 that identifies the
corporate name of the original manufacturer and states that the engine
is exempt under the provisions of Sec. 1068.262. The name of the
certifying manufacturer must also be on the label or, alternatively, on
the bill of lading that accompanies the engines during shipment. The
original engine manufacturer may not apply a permanent emission control
information label identifying the engine's eventual status as a
certified engine.
(c) The manufacturer that will hold the certificate must include the
following information in its application for certification:
(1) Identify the original engine manufacturer of the partially
complete engine or of the complete engine you will modify.
(2) Describe briefly how and where final assembly will be completed.
Specify how you have the ability to ensure that the engines will conform
to the regulations in their final configuration. (Note: Paragraph (a) of
this section prohibits using the provisions of this section unless you
have substantial control over the design and assembly of emission
controls.)
(3) State unconditionally that you will not distribute the engines
without conforming to all applicable regulations.
(d) If you are a certificate holder, you may receive shipment of
partially complete engines after you apply for a certificate of
conformity but before the certificate's effective date. In this case,
all the provisions of Sec. 1068.103(c)(1) through (3) apply. This
exemption allows the original manufacturer to ship engines after you
have applied for a certificate of conformity. Manufacturers may
introduce into U.S. commerce partially complete engines as described in
this paragraph (d) if they have a written request for such engines from
a secondary engine manufacturer stating that the application for
certification has been submitted (instead of the information we specify
in paragraph (b) of this section). We may set additional conditions
under this paragraph (d) to prevent circumvention of regulatory
requirements. Consistent with Sec. 1068.103(c), we may also revoke an
exemption under this paragraph (d) if we have reason to believe that the
application for certification will not be approved or that the engines
will otherwise not reach a certified configuration before reaching the
ultimate purchaser. This may require that you export the engines.
(e) The provisions of this section also apply for shipping partially
complete engines if the engine is covered by a valid exemption and there
is no valid engine family name that could be used to represent the
engine model. Unless we approve otherwise in advance, you may do this
only when shipping engines to secondary engine manufacturers that are
certificate holders. In this case, the secondary engine manufacturer
must identify the regulatory cite identifying the applicable exemption
instead of a valid engine family name when ordering engines from the
original engine manufacturer.
(f) If secondary engine manufacturers determine after receiving an
engine under this section that the engine will not be covered by a
certificate or exemption as planned, they may ask us to allow for
shipment of the engines back to the original engine manufacturer or to
another secondary engine

[[Page 939]]

manufacturer. This might occur in the case of an incorrect shipment or
excess inventory. We may modify the provisions of this section as
appropriate to address these cases.
(g) Both original and secondary engine manufacturers must keep the
records described in this section for at least five years, including the
written request for engines and the bill of lading for each shipment (if
applicable). The written request is deemed to be a submission to EPA and
is thus subject to the reporting requirements of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
(h) These provisions are intended only to allow you to obtain or
transport engines in the specific circumstances identified in this
section so any exemption under this section expires when the engine
reaches the point of final assembly identified in accordance paragraph
(c)(2) of this section.
(i) For purposes of this section, an allowance to introduce engines
into U.S. commerce includes a conditional allowance to sell, introduce,
or deliver such partially complete engines into commerce in the United
States or import them into the United States. It does not include a
general allowance to offer such partially complete engines for sale
because this exemption is intended to apply only for cases in which the
certificate holder already has an arrangement to purchase the engines
from the original engine manufacturer. This exemption does not allow the
original engine manufacturer to subsequently offer the engines for sale
to a different manufacturer who will hold the certificate unless that
second manufacturer has also complied with the requirements of this
part. The exemption does not apply for any individual engines that are
not labeled as specified in this section or which are shipped to someone
who is not a certificate holder.
(j) We may suspend, revoke, or void an exemption under this section,
as follows:
(1) We may suspend or revoke your exemption if you fail to meet the
requirements of this section. We may suspend or revoke your exemption
for a specific secondary engine manufacturer if that manufacturer sells
engines that are in not in a certified configuration in violation of the
regulations. We may disallow this exemption for future shipments to the
affected secondary engine manufacturer or set additional conditions to
ensure that engines will be assembled in the certified configuration.
(2) We may void your exemption for all the affected engines if you
intentionally submit false or incomplete information or fail to keep and
provide to EPA the records required by this section.
(3) The exemption is void for an engine that is shipped to a company
that is not a certificate holder or for an engine that is shipped to a
secondary engine manufacturer that is not in compliance with the
requirements of this section.
(k) No exemption is needed to import equipment that does not include
an engine. No exemption is available under this section for equipment
subject to equipment-based standards if the engine has been installed.

Sec. 1068.265 What provisions apply to engines/equipment that are

conditionally exempted from certification?

In some cases, exempted engines may need to meet alternate emission
standards as a condition of the exemption. For example, replacement
engines exempted under Sec. 1068.240 in many cases need to meet the
same standards as the engines they are replacing. The standard-setting
part may similarly exempt engines/equipment from all certification
requirements, or allow us to exempt engines/equipment from all
certification requirements for certain cases, but require the engines/
equipment to meet alternate standards. In these cases, all the following
provisions apply:
(a) Your engines/equipment must meet the alternate standards we
specify in (or pursuant to) the exemption section, and all other
requirements applicable to engines/equipment that are subject to such
standards.
(b) You need not apply for and receive a certificate for the exempt
engines/equipment. However, you must comply with all the requirements
and obligations that would apply to the engines/equipment if you had
received a

[[Page 940]]

certificate of conformity for them unless we specifically waive certain
requirements.
(c) You must have emission data from test engines/equipment using
the appropriate procedures that demonstrate compliance with the
alternate standards unless the engines/equipment are identical in all
material respects to engines/equipment that you have previously
certified to standards that are the same as, or more stringent than, the
alternate standards. Note that ``engines/equipment that you have
previously certified'' does not include any engines/equipment initially
covered by a certificate that was later voided or otherwise invalidated,
or engines/equipment that we have determined did not fully conform to
the regulations.
(d) See the provisions of the applicable exemption for labeling
instructions, including those related to the compliance statement and
other modifications to the label otherwise required in the standard-
setting part. If we do not identify specific labeling requirements for
an exempted engine, you must meet the labeling requirements in the
standard-setting part, with the following exceptions:
(1) Modify the family designation by eliminating the character that
identifies the model year.
(2) We may also specify alternative language to replace the
compliance statement otherwise required in the standard-setting part.
(e) You may not generate emission credits for averaging, banking, or
trading with engines/equipment meeting requirements under the provisions
of this section.
(f) Keep records to show that you meet the alternate standards as
follows:
(1) If your exempted engines/equipment are identical to previously
certified engines/equipment, keep your most recent application for
certification for the certified family.
(2) If you previously certified a similar family, but have modified
the exempted engines/equipment in a way that changes them from their
previously certified configuration, keep your most recent application
for certification for the certified family, a description of the
relevant changes, and any test data or engineering evaluations that
support your conclusions.
(3) If you have not previously certified a similar family, keep all
the records we specify for the application for certification and any
additional records the standard-setting part requires you to keep.
(g) We may require you to send us an annual report of the engines/
equipment you produce under this section.

Subpart D_Imports

Sec. 1068.301 What general provisions apply?

(a) This subpart applies to you if you import into the United States
engines or equipment subject to EPA emission standards or equipment
containing engines subject to EPA emission standards.
(b) In general, engines/equipment that you import must be covered by
a certificate of conformity unless they were built before emission
standards started to apply. This subpart describes the limited cases
where we allow importation of exempt or excluded engines/equipment. For
equipment not subject to equipment-based exhaust emission standards, an
exemption of the engine allows you to import the equipment.
(c) U.S. Customs and Border Protection may prevent you from
importing engines or equipment if you do not meet the requirements of
this subpart. In addition, U.S. Customs and Border Protection
regulations may contain other requirements for engines/equipment
imported into the United States (see 19 CFR Chapter I).
(d) Complete the appropriate EPA declaration form before importing
any engines or equipment. These forms are available on the Internet at
http://www.epa.gov/OTAQ/imports/ or by phone at 734-214-4100. Importers
must keep the forms for five years and make them available promptly upon
request.

Sec. 1068.305 How do I get an exemption or exclusion for imported

engines/equipment?

(a) You must meet the requirements of the specific exemption or
exclusion

[[Page 941]]

you intend to use, including any labeling requirements that apply, and
complete the appropriate declaration form described in Sec.
1068.301(d).
(b) If we ask for it, prepare a written request in which you do the
following:
(1) Give your name, address, telephone number, and taxpayer
identification number.
(2) Give the engine/equipment owner's name, address, telephone
number, and taxpayer identification number.
(3) Identify the make, model, identification number, and original
production year of all engines/equipment.
(4) Identify which exemption or exclusion in this subpart allows you
to import nonconforming engines/equipment and describe how your engine/
equipment qualifies.
(5) Tell us where you will keep your engines/equipment if you might
need to store them until we approve your request.
(6) Authorize us to inspect or test your engines/equipment as the
Clean Air Act allows.
(c) We may ask for more information.
(d) You may import the nonconforming engines/equipment you identify
in your request if you get prior written approval from us. U.S. Customs
and Border Protection may require you to present the approval letter. We
may temporarily or permanently approve the exemptions or exclusions, as
described in this subpart.

Sec. 1068.310 What are the exclusions for imported engines/equipment?

If you show us that your engines/equipment qualify under one of the
paragraphs of this section, we will approve your request to import such
excluded engines/equipment. You must have our approval before importing
engines/equipment under paragraph (a) of this section. You may, but are
not required to request our approval to import the engines/equipment
under paragraph (b) through (c) of this section. The following engines/
equipment are excluded:
(a) Engines/equipment used solely for competition. Engines/equipment
that you demonstrate will be used solely for competition are excluded
from the restrictions on imports in Sec. 1068.301(b), but only if they
are properly labeled. See the standard-setting part for provisions
related to this demonstration. Section 1068.101(b)(4) prohibits anyone
from using these excluded engines/equipment for purposes other than
competition.
(b) Stationary engines. The definition of nonroad engine in Sec.
1068.30 does not include certain engines used in stationary
applications. Such engines (and equipment containing such engines) may
be subject to the standards of 40 CFR part 60. Engines that are excluded
from the definition of nonroad engine in this part and are not required
to be certified to standards under 40 CFR part 60 are not subject to the
restrictions on imports in Sec. 1068.301(b), but only if they are
properly labeled and there is clear and convincing evidence that each
engine will be used in a stationary application (see paragraph (2)(iii)
of the definition of ``Nonroad engine''). Section 1068.101 restricts the
use of stationary engines for non-stationary purposes unless they are
certified under 40 CFR part 60 to the same standards that would apply to
nonroad engines for the same model year.
(c) Hobby engines. The standard-setting parts exclude engines used
in reduced-scale models of vehicles that are not capable of transporting
a person.
(d) Other engines/equipment. The standard-setting parts may exclude
engines/equipment used in certain applications. For example, engines
used in aircraft are generally excluded. Engines/equipment used in
underground mining are excluded if they are regulated by the Mine Safety
and Health Administration.
(e) Labeling. For engines/equipment imported under paragraph (a) or
(b) of this section, you must add a permanent label, consistent with
Sec. 1068.45, with at least the following items unless the standard-
setting part includes other specific labeling requirements or we approve
alternate label language that is more accurate for your engine/
equipment:
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark.
(3) State the engine displacement (in liters or cubic centimeters).
We may also require that you include maximum

[[Page 942]]

engine power. If the engine's power is not established, state the
approximate power.
(4) State: ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPT FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF
[identify the part referenced in Sec. 1068.1(a) that would otherwise
apply], AS PROVIDED IN [identify the paragraph authorizing the exemption
(for example, ``40 CFR 1068.315(a)'')]. INSTALLING THIS ENGINE IN ANY
DIFFERENT APPLICATION MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL
PENALTY.''

Sec. 1068.315 What are the permanent exemptions for imported

engines/equipment?

We may approve a permanent exemption from the restrictions on
imports under Sec. 1068.301(b) under the following conditions:
(a) National security exemption. You may import an engine or piece
of equipment under the national security exemption in Sec. 1068.225,
but only if it is properly labeled.
(b) Manufacturer-owned engine/equipment exemption. You may import
manufacturer-owned engines/equipment, as described in Sec. 1068.215.
(c) Replacement engine exemption. You may import a nonconforming
replacement engine as described in Sec. 1068.240. To use this
exemption, you must be a certificate holder for a family we regulate
under the same part as the replacement engine.
(d) Extraordinary circumstances exemption. You may import a
nonconforming engine or piece of equipment if we grant hardship relief
as described in Sec. 1068.245.
(e) Small-volume manufacturer exemption. You may import a
nonconforming engine or piece of equipment if we grant hardship relief
for a small-volume manufacturer, as described in Sec. 1068.250.
(f) Equipment-manufacturer hardship exemption. You may import a
nonconforming engine if we grant an exemption for the transition to new
or revised emission standards, as described in Sec. 1068.255.
(g) [Reserved]
(h) Identical configuration exemption. Unless specified otherwise in
the standard-setting part, you may import nonconforming engines/
equipment if they are identical to certified engines/equipment produced
by the same manufacturer, subject to the following provisions:
(1) You must meet all the following criteria:
(i) You have owned the engines/equipment for at least six months.
(ii) You agree not to sell, lease, donate, trade, or otherwise
transfer ownership of the engines/equipment for at least five years.
During this period, the only acceptable way to dispose of the engines/
equipment is to destroy or export them.
(iii) You use data or evidence sufficient to show that the engines/
equipment are in a configuration that is identical to engines/equipment
the original manufacturer has certified to meet emission standards that
apply at the time the manufacturer finished assembling or modifying the
engines/equipment in question. If you modify the engines/equipment to
make them identical, you must completely follow the original
manufacturer's written instructions.
(2) We will tell you in writing if we find the information
insufficient to show that the engines/equipment are eligible for this
exemption. In this case, we will not consider your request further until
you address our concerns.
(i) Ancient engine/equipment exemption. If you are not the original
engine/equipment manufacturer, you may import nonconforming engines/
equipment that are subject to a standard-setting part and were first
manufactured at least 21 years earlier, as long as they are still in
their original configurations.

Sec. 1068.325 What are the temporary exemptions for imported

engines/equipment?

You may import engines/equipment under certain temporary exemptions,
subject to the conditions in this section. We may ask U.S. Customs and
Border Protection to require a specific bond amount to make sure you
comply with the requirements of this subpart. You may not sell or lease
one of these engines/equipment while it is in the United States except
as specified in this section or Sec. 1068.201(i). You must

[[Page 943]]

eventually export the engine/equipment as we describe in this section
unless it conforms to a certificate of conformity or it qualifies for
one of the permanent exemptions in Sec. 1068.315.
(a) Exemption for repairs or alterations. You may temporarily import
nonconforming engines/equipment under bond solely for repair or
alteration, subject to our advance approval as described in paragraph
(j) of this section. You may operate the engine/equipment in the United
States only as necessary to repair it, alter it, or ship it to or from
the service location. Export the engine/equipment directly after
servicing is complete.
(b) Testing exemption. You may temporarily import nonconforming
engines/equipment under bond for testing if you follow the requirements
of Sec. 1068.210, subject to our advance approval as described in
paragraph (j) of this section. You may operate the engines/equipment in
the United States only as needed to perform tests. This exemption
expires one year after you import the engine/equipment unless we approve
an extension. The engine/equipment must be exported before the exemption
expires. You may sell or lease the engines/equipment consistent with the
provisions of Sec. 1068.210.
(c) Display exemption. You may temporarily import nonconforming
engines/equipment under bond for display if you follow the requirements
of Sec. 1068.220, subject to our advance approval as described in
paragraph (j) of this section. This exemption expires one year after you
import the engine/equipment, unless we approve your request for an
extension. We may approve an extension of up to one more year for each
request, but no more than three years total. The engine/equipment must
be exported by the time the exemption expires or directly after the
display concludes, whichever comes first.
(d) Export exemption. You may temporarily import nonconforming
engines/equipment to export them, as described in Sec. 1068.230. You
may operate the engine/equipment in the United States only as needed to
prepare it for export. Label the engine/equipment as described in Sec.
1068.230. You may sell or lease the engines/equipment for operation
outside the United States consistent with the provisions of Sec.
1068.230.
(e) Diplomatic or military exemption. You may temporarily import
nonconforming engines/equipment without bond if you represent a foreign
government in a diplomatic or military capacity. In your request to the
Designated Compliance Officer (see Sec. 1068.305), include either
written confirmation from the U.S. State Department that you qualify for
this exemption or a copy of your orders for military duty in the United
States. We will rely on the State Department or your military orders to
determine when your diplomatic or military status expires, at which time
you must export your exempt engines/equipment.
(f) Delegated-assembly exemption. You may import a nonconforming
engine for final assembly under the provisions of Sec. 1068.261. You
may sell or lease the engines/equipment consistent with the provisions
of Sec. 1068.261.
(g) Exemption for partially complete engines. You may import an
engine if another company already has a certificate of conformity and
will be modifying the engine to be in its final certified configuration
or a final exempt configuration under the provisions of Sec. 1068.262.
You may also import a partially complete engine by shipping it from one
of your facilities to another under the provisions of Sec. 1068.260(c).
If you are importing a used engine that becomes new as a result of
importation, you must meet all the requirements that apply to original
engine manufacturers under Sec. 1068.262. You may sell or lease the
engines consistent with the provisions of Sec. 1068.262.
(h) [Reserved]
(i) [Reserved]
(j) Approvals. For the exemptions in this section requiring our
approval, you must send a request to the Designated Compliance Officer
before importing the engines/equipment. We will approve your request if
you meet all the applicable requirements and conditions. If another
section separately requires that you request approval for the exemption,
you may combine the information requirements in a single request.
Include the following information in your request:

[[Page 944]]

(1) Identify the importer of the engine/equipment and the applicable
postal address, e-mail address, and telephone number.
(2) Identify the engine/equipment owner and the applicable postal
address, e-mail address, and telephone number.
(3) Identify the engine/equipment by model number (or name), serial
number, and original production year.
(4) Identify the specific regulatory provision under which you are
seeking an exemption.
(5) Authorize EPA enforcement officers to conduct inspections or
testing as allowed under the Clean Air Act.
(6) Include any additional information we specify for demonstrating
that you qualify for the exemption.

[76 FR 57489, Sept. 15, 2011]

Sec. 1068.335 What are the penalties for violations?

(a) All imported engines/equipment. Unless you comply with the
provisions of this subpart, importation of nonconforming engines/
equipment violates sections 203 and 213(d) of the Clean Air Act (42
U.S.C. 7522 and 7547(d)). You may then have to export the engines/
equipment, pay civil penalties, or both. U.S. Customs and Border
Protection may seize unlawfully imported engines and equipment.
(b) Temporarily imported engines/equipment. If you do not comply
with the provisions of this subpart for a temporary exemption under
Sec. 1068.325, you may forfeit the total amount of the bond in addition
to the sanctions we identify in paragraph (a) of this section. We will
consider an engine or piece of equipment to be exported if it has been
destroyed or delivered to U.S. Customs and Border Protection for export
or other disposition under applicable Customs laws and regulations. EPA
or U.S. Customs and Border Protection may offer you a grace period to
allow you to export temporarily exempted engines/equipment without
penalty after the exemption expires.

Sec. 1068.360 What restrictions apply to assigning a model year to imported

engines and equipment?

This section includes limitations on assigning a model year to
engines and equipment that are imported in a year later than the model
year in which they were manufactured, except as specified in paragraph
(e) of this section.
(a) The term ``model year'' is defined in each of the standard-
setting parts. These definitions may vary slightly to address the
different categories of engines and equipment. Except as specified in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, the emission standards and other
emission-related requirements that apply for an imported engine or piece
of equipment are determined by the model year as defined in the
applicable standard-setting part and the provisions of 40 CFR
1068.105(a).
(b) This paragraph (b) applies for the importation of new engines
and new equipment in any calendar year that is more than one year after
the named model year of the engine or equipment when emission control
requirements applying to current engines are different than for engines
or equipment in the named model year, unless they are imported under
special provisions for Independent Commercial Importers as allowed under
the standard-setting part. Regardless of what other provisions of this
subchapter U specify for the model year of the engine or equipment, such
engines and equipment are deemed to have an applicable model year no
more than one year earlier than the calendar year in which they are
imported. For example, a new engine identified as a 2007 model-year
product that is imported on January 31, 2010 will be treated as a 2009
model-year engine; the same engine will be treated as a 2010 model-year
engine if it is imported any time in calendar year 2011.
(c) If you claim that an engine or piece of equipment is not subject
to standards--or is subject to standards less stringent than those
currently in place--based on its original manufacture date because it
has already been placed into service, you must provide clear and
convincing evidence that it has already been placed into service. Such
evidence must generally include, but not be limited to, documentary
evidence of purchase and maintenance history and visible wear that is
consistent with the reported manufacture date.

[[Page 945]]

Importing products for resale or importing more than one engine or piece
of equipment at a time would generally require a greater degree of
evidence under this paragraph (c). If you do not satisfactorily
demonstrate that the engine or equipment has already been placed into
service, the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section apply.
(d) Nothing in this section should be interpreted to allow
circumvention of the requirements of this part by mis-stating or mis-
labeling the model year of engines or equipment. For example, this
section does not permit engines imported in the same year that they are
manufactured to be treated as an engine manufactured in the previous
year. To verify compliance with the provisions of this section, we may
require you to verify the original manufacture date of the engine or
equipment based on manufacturing records, title-transfer documents,
service records, or other documentation.
(e) If all the current emission control requirements are the same as
in the named model year, the provisions of this section do not apply.

Subpart E_Selective Enforcement Auditing

Sec. 1068.401 What is a selective enforcement audit?

(a) We may conduct or require you to conduct emission tests on your
production engines/equipment in a selective enforcement audit. This
requirement is independent of any requirement for you to routinely test
production-line engines/equipment. For products subject to equipment-
based standards, but tested using engine-based test procedures, this
subpart applies to the engines and/or the equipment, as applicable.
Otherwise this subpart applies to engines for products subject to
engine-based standards and to equipment for products subject to
equipment-based standards.
(b) If we send you a signed test order, you must follow its
directions and the provisions of this subpart. We may tell you where to
test the engines/equipment. This may be where you produce the engines/
equipment or any other emission testing facility.
(c) If we select one or more of your families for a selective
enforcement audit, we will send the test order to the person who signed
the application for certification or we will deliver it in person.
(d) If we do not select a testing facility, notify the Designated
Compliance Officer within one working day of receiving the test order
where you will test your engines/equipment.
(e) You must do everything we require in the audit without delay.

Sec. 1068.405 What is in a test order?

(a) In the test order, we will specify the following things:
(1) The family and configuration (if any) we have identified for
testing.
(2) The engine/equipment assembly plant, storage facility, or (if
you import the engines/equipment) port facility from which you must
select engines/equipment.
(3) The procedure for selecting engines/equipment for testing,
including a selection rate.
(4) The test procedures, duty cycles, and test points, as
appropriate, for testing the engines/equipment to show that they meet
emission standards.
(b) We may state that we will select the test engines/equipment.
(c) We may identify alternate families or configurations for testing
in case we determine the intended engines/equipment are not available
for testing or if you do not produce enough engines/equipment to meet
the minimum rate for selecting test engines/equipment.
(d) We may include other directions or information in the test
order.
(e) We may ask you to show us that you meet any additional
requirements that apply to your engines/equipment (closed crankcases,
for example).
(f) In anticipation of a potential audit, you may give us a list of
your preferred families and the corresponding assembly plants, storage
facilities, or (if you import the engines/equipment) port facilities
from which we should select engines/equipment for testing. The
information would apply only for a single model year so it would be best
to include this information in your application for certification. If
you give us this list before we issue a

[[Page 946]]

test order, we will consider your recommendations, but we may select
different engines/equipment.
(g) If you also do routine production-line testing with the selected
family in the same time period, the test order will tell you what
changes you might need to make in your production-line testing schedule.

Sec. 1068.410 How must I select and prepare my engines/equipment?

(a) Selecting engines/equipment. Select engines/equipment as
described in the test order. If you are unable to select test engines/
equipment this way, you may ask us to approve an alternate plan as long
as you make the request before you start selecting engines/equipment.
(b) Assembling engines/equipment. Produce and assemble test engines/
equipment using your normal production and assembly process for that
family.
(1) Notify us directly if you make any change in your production,
assembly, or quality control processes that might affect emissions
between the time you receive the test order and the time you finish
selecting test engines/equipment.
(2) If you do not fully assemble engines/equipment at the specified
location, we will describe in the test order how to select components to
finish assembling the engines/equipment. Assemble these components onto
the test engines/equipment using your documented assembly and quality
control procedures.
(c) Modifying engines/equipment. Once an engine or piece of
equipment is selected for testing, you may adjust, repair, prepare, or
modify it or check its emissions only if one of the following is true:
(1) You document the need for doing so in your procedures for
assembling and inspecting all your production engines/equipment and make
the action routine for all the engines/equipment in the family.
(2) This subpart otherwise allows your action.
(3) We approve your action in advance.
(d) Engine/equipment malfunction. If an engine/equipment malfunction
prevents further emission testing, ask us to approve your decision to
either repair the engine or delete it from the test sequence.
(e) Setting adjustable parameters. Before any test, we may adjust or
require you to adjust any adjustable parameter to any setting within its
physically adjustable range.
(1) [Reserved]
(2) We may make or specify adjustments within the physically
adjustable range by considering their effect on emission levels. We may
also consider how likely it is that someone will make such an adjustment
with in-use engines/equipment.
(f) Stabilizing emission levels. (1) Before you test production-line
engines/equipment for exhaust emission, you may operate the engine/
equipment to stabilize the exhaust emission levels. Using good
engineering judgment, operate your engines/equipment in a way that
represents the way production engines/equipment will be used. You may
operate each engine or piece of equipment for no more than the greater
of two periods:
(i) 50 hours.
(ii) The number of hours you operated your emission-data engine/
equipment for certifying the family (see 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E).
(2) Use good engineering judgment and follow the standard-setting
part to stabilize equipment for evaporative emissions, where
appropriate.
(g) Damage during shipment. If shipping the engine/equipment to a
remote facility for testing under a selective enforcement audit makes
necessary an adjustment or repair, you must wait until after the initial
emission test to do this work. We may waive this requirement if the test
would be impossible or unsafe or if it would permanently damage the
engine/equipment. Report to us, in your written report under Sec.
1068.450, all adjustments or repairs you make on test engines/equipment
before each test.
(h) Shipping engines/equipment. If you need to ship engines/
equipment to another facility for testing, make sure the test engines/
equipment arrive at the test facility within 24 hours after being
selected. You may ask that we

[[Page 947]]

allow more time if you are unable to do this.
(i) Retesting after invalid tests. You may retest an engine or piece
of equipment if you determine an emission test is invalid under the
standard-setting part. Explain in your written report reasons for
invalidating any test and the emission results from all tests. If you
retest an engine or piece of equipment and, within ten days after
testing, ask to substitute results of the new tests for the original
ones, we will answer within ten days after we receive your information.
(j) Retesting after reaching a fail decision. You may retest your
engines/equipment once a fail decision for the audit has been reached
based on the first test on each engine or piece of equipment under Sec.
1068.420(c). You may test each engine or piece of equipment up to a
total of three times, but you must perform the same number of tests on
each engine or piece of equipment. You may further operate the engine/
equipment to stabilize emission levels before testing, subject to the
provisions of paragraph (f) of this section. We may approve retesting at
other times if you send us a request with satisfactory justification.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23064, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.415 How do I test my engines/equipment?

(a) Use the test procedures specified in the standard-setting part
for showing that your engines/equipment meet emission standards. The
test order will give further testing instructions.
(b) If no test cells are available at a given facility, you may make
alternate testing arrangements with our approval.
(c) Test at least two engines/equipment in each 24-hour period
(including void tests). However, if your projected U.S. nonroad sales
within the family are less than 7,500 for the year, you may test a
minimum of one per 24-hour period. If you request and justify it, we may
approve a lower testing rate.
(d) For exhaust emissions, accumulate service on test engines/
equipment at a minimum rate of 6 hours per engine or piece of equipment
during each 24-hour period. The first 24-hour period for service
accumulation begins when you finish preparing an engine or piece of
equipment for testing. The minimum service accumulation rate does not
apply on weekends or holidays. You may ask us to approve a lower service
accumulation rate. We may require you to accumulate hours more rapidly
than the minimum rate, as appropriate. Plan your service accumulation to
allow testing at the rate specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
Select operation for accumulating operating hours on your test engines/
equipment to represent normal in-use operation for the family.
(e) Test engines/equipment in the same order you select them.

Sec. 1068.420 How do I know when my engine family fails an SEA?

(a) A failed engine or piece of equipment is one whose final
deteriorated test results exceed an applicable emission standard for any
regulated pollutant.
(b) Continue testing engines/equipment until you reach a pass
decision for all pollutants or a fail decision for one pollutant.
(c) You reach a pass decision for the SEA requirements when the
number of failed engines/equipment is less than or equal to the pass
decision number in Appendix A to this subpart for the total number of
engines/equipment tested. You reach a fail decision for the SEA
requirements when the number of failed engines/equipment is greater than
or equal to the fail decision number in Appendix A to this subpart for
the total number of engines/equipment you test. An acceptable quality
level of 40 percent is the basis for the pass or fail decision.
(d) Consider test results in the same order as the engine/equipment
testing sequence.
(e) If you reach a pass decision for one pollutant, but need to
continue testing for another pollutant, we will disregard these later
test results for the pollutant with the pass decision.
(f) Appendix A to this subpart lists multiple sampling plans. Use
the sampling plan for the projected sales volume you reported in your
application for the audited family.

[[Page 948]]

(g) We may choose to stop testing after any number of tests.
(h) If we test some of your engines/equipment in addition to your
own testing, we may decide not to include your test results as official
data for those engines/equipment if there is substantial disagreement
between your testing and our testing. We will reinstate your data as
valid if you show us that we made an error and your data are correct.
(i) If we rely on our test data instead of yours, we will notify you
in writing of our decision and the reasons we believe your facility is
not appropriate for doing the tests we require under this subpart. You
may request in writing that we consider your test results from the same
facility for future testing if you show us that you have made changes to
resolve the problem.

Sec. 1068.425 What happens if one of my production-line engines/equipment

exceeds the emission standards?

(a) If one of your production-line engines/equipment fails to meet
one or more emission standards (see Sec. 1068.420), the certificate of
conformity is automatically suspended for that engine or piece of
equipment. You must take the following actions before your certificate
of conformity can cover that engine or piece of equipment:
(1) Correct the problem and retest the engine/equipment to show it
complies with all emission standards.
(2) Include in your written report a description of the test results
and the remedy for each engine or piece of equipment (see Sec.
1068.450).
(b) You may ask for a hearing at any time to determine whether the
tests and sampling methods were proper (see subpart G of this part).

Sec. 1068.430 What happens if a family fails an SEA?

(a) We may suspend your certificate of conformity for a family if it
fails the SEA under Sec. 1068.420. The suspension may apply to all
facilities producing engines/equipment from a family even if you find
noncompliant engines/equipment only at one facility.
(b) We will tell you in writing if we suspend your certificate in
whole or in part. We will not suspend a certificate until at least 15
days after the family fails the SEA. The suspension is effective when
you receive our notice.
(c) You may ask for a hearing to determine whether the tests and
sampling methods were proper (see subpart G of this part) up to 15 days
after we suspend the certificate for a family. If we agree that we used
erroneous information in deciding to suspend the certificate before a
hearing is held, we will reinstate the certificate.

Sec. 1068.435 May I sell engines/equipment from a family with a suspended

certificate of conformity?

You may sell engines/equipment that you produce after we suspend the
family's certificate of conformity only if one of the following occurs:
(a) You test each engine or piece of equipment you produce and show
it complies with emission standards that apply.
(b) We conditionally reinstate the certificate for the family. We
may do so if you agree to recall all the affected engines/equipment and
remedy any noncompliance at no expense to the owner if later testing
shows that engines/equipment in the family still do not comply.

Sec. 1068.440 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?

(a) Send us a written report asking us to reinstate your suspended
certificate. In your report, identify the reason for the SEA failure,
propose a remedy, and commit to a date for carrying it out. In your
proposed remedy include any quality control measures you propose to keep
the problem from happening again.
(b) Give us test data from production engines/equipment showing that
engines/equipment in the remedied family comply with all the emission
standards that apply.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23064, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.445 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and how

may I sell these engines/equipment again?

(a) We may revoke your certificate for a family in the following
cases:

[[Page 949]]

(1) You do not meet the reporting requirements under this subpart.
(2) Your family fails an SEA and your proposed remedy to address a
suspended certificate is inadequate to solve the problem or requires you
to change the engine/equipment's design or emission control system.
(b) To sell engines/equipment from a family with a revoked
certificate of conformity, you must modify the family and then show it
complies with the applicable requirements.
(1) If we determine your proposed design change may not control
emissions for the engine/equipment's full useful life, we will tell you
within five working days after receiving your report. In this case we
will decide whether production-line testing will be enough for us to
evaluate the change or whether you need to do more testing.
(2) Unless we require more testing, you may show compliance by
testing production-line engines/equipment as described in this subpart.
(3) We will issue a new or updated certificate of conformity when
you have met these requirements.

Sec. 1068.450 What records must I send to EPA?

(a) Within 30 days of the end of each audit, send us a report with
the following information:
(1) Describe any facility used to test production-line engines/
equipment and state its location.
(2) State the total U.S.-directed production volume and number of
tests for each family.
(3) Describe your test engines/equipment, including the family's
identification and the engine/equipment's model year, build date, model
number, identification number, and number of hours of operation before
testing for each test engine or piece of equipment.
(4) Identify where you accumulated hours of operation on the
engines/equipment and describe the procedure and schedule you used.
(5) Provide the test number; the date, time and duration of testing;
test procedure; initial test results before and after rounding; final
test results; and final deteriorated test results for all tests. Provide
the emission figures for all measured pollutants. Include information
for both valid and invalid tests and the reason for any invalidation.
(6) Describe completely and justify any nonroutine adjustment,
modification, repair, preparation, maintenance, or test for the test
engine/equipment if you did not report it separately under this subpart.
Include the results of any emission measurements, regardless of the
procedure or type of equipment.
(7) Report on each failed engine or piece of equipment as described
in Sec. 1068.425.
(b) We may ask you to add information to your written report, so we
can determine whether your new engines/equipment conform with the
requirements of this subpart.
(c) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
following statement: We submit this report under Sections 208 and 213 of
the Clean Air Act. Our testing conformed completely with the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1068. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for the family in a way that
might affect the emission control from production engines/equipment. All
the information in this report is true and accurate to the best of my
knowledge. I know of the penalties for violating the Clean Air Act and
the regulations. (Authorized Company Representative)
(d) Send reports of your testing to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(e) We may post test results on publicly accessible databases and we
will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public who asks for
them. We will not release information about your sales or production
volumes, which is all we will consider confidential.

Sec. 1068.455 What records must I keep?

(a) We may review your records at any time so it is important to
keep required information readily available. Organize and maintain your
records as described in this section.
(b) Keep paper records for testing under this subpart for one full
year after you complete all the testing required for the selective
enforcement

[[Page 950]]

audit. For additional storage, you may use any format or media.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1068.450.
(d) Keep the following additional records:
(1) The names of supervisors involved in each test.
(2) The name of anyone who authorizes adjusting, repairing,
preparing, or modifying a test engine/equipment and the names of all
supervisors who oversee this work.
(3) If you shipped the engine/equipment for testing, the date you
shipped it, the associated storage or port facility, and the date the
engine/equipment arrived at the testing facility.
(4) Any records related to your audit that are not in the written
report.
(5) A brief description of any significant events during testing not
otherwise described in the written report or in this section.
(e) If we ask, you must give us projected or actual production for a
family. Include each assembly plant if you produce engines/equipment at
more than one plant.
(f) We may ask you to keep or send other information necessary to
implement this subpart.

Sec. Appendix A to Subpart E of Part 1068--Plans for Selective

Enforcement Auditing

The following tables describe sampling plans for selective
enforcement audits, as described in Sec. 1068.420:

Table A-1--Sampling Plan Code Letter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum number of tests
Projected family Code letter \1\ ---------------------------------------------- Maximum number of
sales To pass To fail tests
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20-50 AA 3 5 20
20-99 A 4 6 30
100-299 B 5 6 40
300-499 C 5 6 50
500 + D 5 6 60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ A manufacturer may optionally use either the sampling plan for code letter ``AA'' or sampling plan for code
letter ``A'' for Selective Enforcement Audits of families with annual sales between 20 and 50 engines/
equipment. Additionally, the manufacturer may switch between these plans during the audit.

Table A-2--Sampling Plans for Different Engine Family Sales Volumes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AA A B C D
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stage \a\ Pass i> i> i> i> i> i> i> i> i>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............
2 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............
3 0 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............
4 0 ............ 0 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............
5 1 5 0 ............ 0 ............ 0 ............ 0
6 1 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 6
7 2 6 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7
8 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 8
9 3 7 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8
10 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 9 3 9
11 4 8 3 8 3 9 3 9 3 9
12 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 10 4 10
13 5 9 5 10 4 10 4 10 4 10
14 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 11 5 11
15 6 10 6 11 5 11 5 11 5 11
16 6 10 6 11 6 12 6 12 6 12
17 7 10 7 12 6 12 6 12 6 12
18 8 10 7 12 7 13 7 13 7 13
19 8 10 8 13 8 13 7 13 7 13
20 9 10 8 13 8 14 8 14 8 14
21 ............ ............ 9 14 9 14 8 14 8 14
22 ............ ............ 10 14 9 15 9 15 9 15
23 ............ ............ 10 15 10 15 10 15 9 15
24 ............ ............ 11 15 10 16 10 16 10 16
25 ............ ............ 11 16 11 16 11 16 11 16
26 ............ ............ 12 16 11 17 11 17 11 17
27 ............ ............ 12 17 12 17 12 17 12 17
28 ............ ............ 13 17 12 18 12 18 12 18

[[Page 951]]

29 ............ ............ 14 17 13 18 13 18 13 19
30 ............ ............ 16 17 13 19 13 19 13 19
31 ............ ............ ............ ............ 14 19 14 19 14 20
32 ............ ............ ............ ............ 14 20 14 20 14 20
33 ............ ............ ............ ............ 15 20 15 20 15 21
34 ............ ............ ............ ............ 16 21 15 21 15 21
35 ............ ............ ............ ............ 16 21 16 21 16 22
36 ............ ............ ............ ............ 17 22 16 22 16 22
37 ............ ............ ............ ............ 17 22 17 22 17 23
38 ............ ............ ............ ............ 18 22 18 23 17 23
39 ............ ............ ............ ............ 18 22 18 23 18 24
40 ............ ............ ............ ............ 21 22 19 24 18 24
41 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 19 24 19 25
42 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 20 25 19 26
43 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 20 25 20 26
44 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 21 26 21 27
45 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 21 27 21 27
46 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 22 27 22 28
47 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 22 27 22 28
48 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 23 27 23 29
49 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 23 27 23 29
50 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 26 27 24 30
51 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 24 30
52 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 25 31
53 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 25 31
54 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 26 32
55 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 26 32
56 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 27 33
57 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 27 33
58 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 28 33
59 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 28 33
60 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 32 33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Stage refers to the cumulative number of engines/equipment tested.

Subpart F_Reporting Defects and Recalling Engines/Equipment

Sec. 1068.501 How do I report emission-related defects?

This section addresses the certificate holder's responsibility to
investigate and report emission-related defects in design, materials, or
workmanship. The provisions of this section do not limit your liability
under this part or the Clean Air Act. For example, selling an engine/
equipment that does not conform to your application for certification is
a violation of Sec. 1068.101(a)(1) independent of the requirements of
this section. The requirements of this section apply separately to each
certificate holder if there is more than one certificate holder for the
equipment.
(a) General provisions. As a certifying manufacturer, you must
investigate in certain circumstances whether engines/equipment that have
been introduced into U.S. commerce under your certificate have
incorrect, improperly installed, or otherwise defective emission-related
components or systems. This includes defects in design, materials, or
workmanship. You must also send us reports as specified by this section.
(1) This section addresses defects for any of the following
emission-related components or systems containing the following
components:
(i) Electronic control units, aftertreatment devices, fuel-metering
components, EGR-system components, crankcase-ventilation valves, all
components related to charge-air compression and cooling, and all
sensors associated with any of these components.
(ii) For engines and equipment subject to evaporative emission
standards, fuel tanks, fuel caps, and fuel lines and connectors.
(iii) Any other component whose primary purpose is to reduce
emissions.
(iv) Any other component whose failure might increase emissions of
any

[[Page 952]]

regulated pollutant without significantly degrading engine/equipment
performance.
(2) The requirements of this section relate to defects in any of the
components or systems identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section if
the defects might affect any of the parameters or specifications in
Appendix II of this part or might otherwise affect the emissions of any
regulated pollutant.
(3) For the purposes of this section, defects do not include damage
to emission-related components or systems (or maladjustment of
parameters) caused by owners improperly maintaining or abusing their
engines/equipment.
(4) The requirements of this section do not apply to emission
control information labels. Note however, that Sec. 1068.101(a)(1)
prohibits the sale of engines/equipment without proper labels, which
also applies to misprinted labels.
(5) You must track the information specified in paragraph (b)(1) of
this section. You must assess this data at least every three months to
evaluate whether you exceed the thresholds specified in paragraphs (e)
and (f) of this section. Where thresholds are based on a percentage of
engines/equipment in the family, use actual U.S.-directed production
volumes for the whole model year when they become available. Use
projected production figures until the actual production figures become
available. You are not required to collect additional information other
than that specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section before reaching
a threshold for an investigation specified in paragraph (e) of this
section.
(6) You may ask us to allow you to use alternate methods for
tracking, investigating, reporting, and correcting emission-related
defects. In your request, explain and demonstrate why you believe your
alternate system will be at least as effective in the aggregate in
tracking, identifying, investigating, evaluating, reporting, and
correcting potential and actual emissions-related defects as the
requirements in this section. In this case, provide all available data
necessary to demonstrate why an alternate system is appropriate for your
engines/equipment and how it will result in a system at least as
effective as that required under this section.
(7) If we determine that emission-related defects result in a
substantial number of properly maintained and used engines/equipment not
conforming to the regulations of this chapter during their useful life,
we may order you to conduct a recall of your engines/equipment (see
Sec. 1068.505).
(8) Send all reports required by this section to the Designated
Enforcement Officer.
(9) This section distinguishes between defects and possible defects.
A possible defect exists anytime there is an indication that an
emission-related component or system might have a defect, as described
in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(b) Investigation of possible defects. Investigate possible defects
as follows:
(1) If the number of engines/equipment that have a possible defect,
as defined by this paragraph (b)(1), exceeds a threshold specified in
paragraph (e) of this section, you must conduct an investigation to
determine if an emission-related component or system is actually
defective. You must classify an engine/equipment component or system as
having a possible defect if any of the following sources of information
shows there is a significant possibility that a defect exists:
(i) A warranty claim is submitted for the component, whether this is
under your emission-related warranty or any other warranty.
(ii) Your quality-assurance procedures suggest that a defect may
exist.
(iii) You receive any other information for which good engineering
judgment would indicate the component or system may be defective, such
as information from dealers, field-service personnel, equipment
manufacturers, hotline complaints, or engine diagnostic systems.
(2) If the number of shipped replacement parts for any individual
component is high enough that good engineering judgment would indicate a
significant possibility that a defect exists, you must conduct an
investigation to determine if it is actually defective. Note that this
paragraph (b)(2) does not require data-tracking or recording provisions
related to shipment of replacement parts.

[[Page 953]]

(3) Your investigation must be prompt, thorough, consider all
relevant information, follow accepted scientific and engineering
principles, and be designed to obtain all the information specified in
paragraph (d) of this section.
(4) Your investigation needs to consider possible defects that occur
only within the useful life period, or within five years after the end
of the model year, whichever is longer.
(5) You must continue your investigation until you are able to show
that there is no emission-related defect or you obtain all the
information specified for a defect report in paragraph (d) of this
section.
(6) If a component with a possible defect is used in additional
families or model years, you must investigate whether the component may
be defective when used in these additional families or model years, and
include these results in any defect report you send under paragraph (c)
of this section.
(7) If your initial investigation concludes that the number of
engines/equipment with a defect is fewer than any of the thresholds
specified in paragraph (f) of this section, but other information later
becomes available that may show that the number of engines/equipment
with a defect exceeds a threshold, then you must resume your
investigation. If you resume an investigation, you must include the
information from the earlier investigation to determine whether to send
a defect report.
(c) Reporting defects. You must send us a defect report in either of
the following cases:
(1) Your investigation shows that the number of engines/equipment
with a defect exceeds a threshold specified in paragraph (f) of this
section. Send the defect report within 21 days after the date you
identify this number of defective engines/equipment. See paragraph (h)
of this section for reporting requirements that apply if the number of
engines/equipment with a defect does not exceed any of the thresholds in
paragraph (f) of this section.
(2) You know there are emission-related defects for a component or
system in a number of engines/equipment that exceeds a threshold
specified in paragraph (f) of this section, regardless of how you obtain
this information. Send the defect report within 21 days after you learn
that the number of defects exceeds a threshold. Send us an updated
defect report anytime you have significant additional information.
(d) Contents of a defect report. Include the following information
in a defect report:
(1) Your corporate name and a person to contact regarding this
defect.
(2) A description of the defect, including a summary of any
engineering analyses and associated data, if available.
(3) A description of the engines/equipment that have the defect,
including families, models, and range of production dates.
(4) An estimate of the number and percentage of each class or
category of affected engines/equipment that have the defect, and an
explanation of how you determined this number. Describe any statistical
methods you used under paragraph (g)(6) of this section.
(5) An estimate of the defect's impact on emissions, with an
explanation of how you calculated this estimate and a summary of any
emission data demonstrating the impact of the defect, if available.
(6) A description of your plan for addressing the defect or an
explanation of your reasons for not believing the defects must be
addressed.
(e) Thresholds for conducting a defect investigation. You must begin
a defect investigation based on the following number of engines/
equipment that may have the defect:
(1) For engines/equipment with maximum engine power at or below 560
kW:
(i) For families with annual production below 500 units: 50 or more
engines/equipment.
(ii) For families with annual production from 500 to 50,000 units:
more than 10.0 percent of the total number of engines/equipment in the
family.
(iii) For families with annual production from 50,000 to 550,000
units: more than the total number of engines/equipment represented by
the following equation:

Investigation threshold = 5,000 + (Production units--50,000) x 0.04

[[Page 954]]

(iv) For families with annual production above 550,000 units: 25,000
or more engines/equipment.
(2) For engines/equipment with maximum engine power greater than 560
kW:
(i) For families with annual production below 250 units: 25 or more
engines/equipment.
(ii) For families with annual production at or above 250 units: more
than 10.0 percent of the total number of engines/equipment in the
family.
(f) Thresholds for filing a defect report. You must send a defect
report based on the following number of engines/equipment that have the
defect:
(1) For engines/equipment with maximum engine power at or below 560
kW:
(i) For families with annual production below 1,000 units: 20 or
more engines/equipment.
(ii) For families with annual production from 1,000 to 50,000 units:
more than 2.0 percent of the total number of engines/equipment in the
family.
(iii) For families with annual production from 50,000 to 550,000
units: more than the total number of engines/equipment represented by
the following equation:

Reporting threshold = 1,000 + (Production units--50,000) x 0.01

(iv) For families with annual production above 550,000 units: 6,000
or more engines/equipment.
(2) For engines/equipment with maximum engine power greater than 560
kW:
(i) For families with annual production below 150 units: 10 or more
engines/equipment.
(ii) For families with annual production from 150 to 750 units: 15
or more engines/equipment.
(iii) For families with annual production above 750 units: more than
2.0 percent of the total number of engines/equipment in the family.
(g) How to count defects. (1) Track defects separately for each
model year and family as much as possible. If information is not
identifiable by model year or family, use good engineering judgment to
evaluate whether you exceed a threshold in paragraph (e) or
(f) of this section. Consider only your U.S.-directed production
volume.
(2) Within a family, track defects together for all components or
systems that are the same in all material respects. If multiple
companies separately supply a particular component or system, treat each
company's component or system as unique.
(3) For engine-based standards, if a possible defect is not
attributed to any specific part of the engine, consider the complete
engine a distinct component for evaluating whether you exceed a
threshold in paragraph (e) of this section. For equipment-based
standards, if a possible defect is not attributed to any specific part
of the equipment, consider the complete piece of equipment a distinct
component for evaluating whether you exceed a threshold in paragraph (e)
of this section.
(4) If you correct defects before they reach the ultimate purchaser
as a result of your quality-assurance procedures, count these against
the investigation thresholds in paragraph (e) of this section unless you
routinely check every engine or piece of equipment in the family. Do not
count any corrected defects as actual defects under paragraph (f) of
this section.
(5) Use aggregated data from all the different sources identified in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section to determine whether you exceed a
threshold in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.
(6) If information is readily available to conclude that the
possible defects identified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section are
actual defects, count these toward the reporting thresholds in paragraph
(f) of this section.
(7) During an investigation, use appropriate statistical methods to
project defect rates for engines/equipment that you are not otherwise
able to evaluate. For example, if 75 percent of the components replaced
under warranty are available for evaluation, it would be appropriate to
extrapolate known information on failure rates to the components that
are unavailable for evaluation. Take steps as necessary to prevent bias
in sampled data. Make adjusted calculations to take into account any
bias that may remain.
(h) Investigation reports. Once you trigger an investigation
threshold under paragraph (e) of this section, you

[[Page 955]]

must report your progress and conclusions. In your reports, include the
information specified in paragraph (d) of this section, or explain why
the information is not relevant. Send us the following reports:
(1) While you are investigating, send us mid-year and end-of-year
reports to describe the methods you are using and the status of the
investigation. Send these status reports no later than June 30 and
December 31 of each year.
(2) If you find that the number of components or systems with an
emission-related defect exceeds a threshold specified in paragraph (f)
of this section, send us a report describing your findings within 21
days after the date you reach this conclusion.
(3) If you find that the number of components or systems with an
emission-related defect does not exceed any of the thresholds specified
in paragraph (f) of this section, send us a final report supporting this
conclusion. For example, you may exclude warranty claims that resulted
from misdiagnosis and you may exclude defects caused by improper
maintenance, improper use, or misfueling. Send this report within 21
days after the date you reach this conclusion.
(i) Future production. If you identify a design or manufacturing
defect that prevents engines/equipment from meeting the requirements of
this part, you must correct the defect as soon as possible for future
production of engines/equipment in every family affected by the defect.
This applies without regard to whether you are required to conduct a
defect investigation or submit a defect report under this section.

[73 FR 59344, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23064, Apr. 30, 2010]

Sec. 1068.505 How does the recall program work?

(a) If we make a determination that a substantial number of properly
maintained and used engines/equipment do not conform to the regulations
of this chapter during their useful life, you must submit a plan to
remedy the nonconformity of your engines/equipment. We will notify you
of our determination in writing. Our notice will identify the class or
category of engines/equipment affected and describe how we reached our
conclusion. If this happens, you must meet the requirements and follow
the instructions in this subpart. You must remedy at your expense
noncompliant engines/equipment that have been properly maintained and
used, as described in Sec. 1068.510(a)(7). You may not transfer this
expense to a dealer (or equipment manufacturer for engine-based
standards) through a franchise or other agreement.
(b) You may ask for a hearing if you disagree with our determination
(see subpart G of this part).
(c) Unless we withdraw the determination of noncompliance, you must
respond to it by sending a remedial plan to the Designated Compliance
Officer by the later of these two deadlines:
(1) Within 60 days after we notify you.
(2) Within 60 days after a hearing.
(d) Once you have sold engines/equipment to the ultimate purchaser,
we may inspect or test the engines/equipment only if the purchaser
permits it, or if state or local inspection programs separately provide
for it.
(e) You may ask us to allow you to conduct your recall differently
than specified in this subpart, consistent with section 207(c) of the
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7541(c)).
(f) You may do a voluntary recall under Sec. 1068.535 unless we
have made the determination described in Sec. 1068.535(a).
(g) For purposes of recall, owner means someone who owns an engine
or piece of equipment affected by a remedial plan.

Sec. 1068.510 How do I prepare and apply my remedial plan?

(a) In your remedial plan, describe all of the following:
(1) The class or category of engines/equipment to be recalled,
including the number of engines/equipment involved and the model year or
other information needed to identify the engines/equipment.
(2) The modifications, alterations, repairs, corrections,
adjustments, or other changes you will make to correct the affected
engines/equipment.

[[Page 956]]

(3) A brief description of the studies, tests, and data that support
the effectiveness of the remedy you propose to use.
(4) The instructions you will send to those who will repair the
engines/equipment under the remedial plan.
(5) How you will determine the owners' names and addresses.
(6) How you will notify owners; include copies of any notification
letters.
(7) The proper maintenance or use you will specify, if any, as a
condition to be eligible for repair under the remedial plan. Describe
how these specifications meet the provisions of paragraph (e) of this
section. Describe how the owners should show they meet your conditions.
(8) The steps owners must take for you to do the repair. You may set
a date or a range of dates, specify the amount of time you need, and
designate certain facilities to do the repairs.
(9) Which company (or group) you will assign to do or manage the
repairs.
(10) If your employees or authorized warranty agents will not be
doing the work, state who will and describe their qualifications.
(11) How you will ensure an adequate and timely supply of parts.
(12) The effect of proposed changes on fuel consumption,
driveability, and safety of the engines/equipment you will recall;
include a brief summary of the information supporting these conclusions.
(13) How you intend to label the engines/equipment you repair and
where you will place the label on the engine/equipment (see Sec.
1068.515).
(b) We may require you to add information to your remedial plan.
(c) We may require you to test the proposed repair to show it will
remedy the noncompliance.
(d) Use all reasonable means to locate owners. We may require you to
use government or commercial registration lists to get owners' names and
addresses so your notice will be effective.
(e) The maintenance or use that you specify as a condition for
eligibility under the remedial plan may include only things you can show
would cause noncompliance. Do not require use of a component or service
identified by brand, trade, or corporate name unless we approved this
approach with your original certificate of conformity. Also, do not
place conditions on who maintained the engine/equipment.
(f) We may require you to adjust your repair plan if we determine
owners would be without their engines or equipment for an unreasonably
long time.
(g) We will tell you in writing within 15 days of receiving your
remedial plan whether we have approved or disapproved it. We will
explain our reasons for any disapproval.
(h) Begin notifying owners within 15 days after we approve your
remedial plan. If we hold a hearing, but do not change our position
about the noncompliance, you must begin notifying owners within 60 days
after we complete the hearing unless we specify otherwise.

Sec. 1068.515 How do I mark or label repaired engines/equipment?

(a) Attach a label to engines/equipment you repair under the
remedial plan. At your discretion, you may label or mark engines/
equipment you inspect but do not repair.
(b) Make the label from a durable material suitable for its planned
location. Make sure no one can remove the label without destroying or
defacing it.
(c) On the label, designate the specific recall campaign and state
where you repaired or inspected the engine/equipment.
(d) We may waive or modify the labeling requirements if we determine
they are overly burdensome.

Sec. 1068.520 How do I notify affected owners?

(a) Notify owners by first class mail or e-mail unless we say
otherwise. We may require you to use certified mail. Include the
following in your notice:
(1) State: ``The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined
that your engine/equipment may be emitting pollutants in excess of the
federal emission standards as defined in Title 40 of the Code of Federal
Regulations. These emission standards were established to protect the
public health or welfare from air pollution.''

[[Page 957]]

(2) State that you (or someone you designate) will repair these
engines/equipment at your expense.
(3) If we approved maintenance and use conditions in your remedial
plan, state that you will make these repairs only if owners show their
engines/equipment meet the conditions for proper maintenance and use.
Describe these conditions and how owners should prove their engines/
equipment are eligible for repair.
(4) Describe the components your repair will affect and say
generally how you will repair the engines/equipment.
(5) State that the engine/equipment, if not repaired, may fail an
emission inspection test if state or local law requires one.
(6) Describe any adverse effects on its performance or driveability
that would be caused by not repairing the engine/equipment.
(7) Describe any adverse effects on the functions of other
components that would be caused by not repairing the engine/equipment.
(8) Specify the date you will start the repairs, the amount of time
you will need to do them, and where you will do them. Include any other
information owners may need to know.
(9) Allow for the owner to inform you using one of the following
methods if they have sold the engine/equipment:
(i) Send a self-addressed card that owners can mail back to you;
include a space for owners to write the name and address of a buyer.
(ii) Provide owners with a toll-free number and an e-mail address or
Web site they can use to identify the name and address of a buyer.
(10) State that owners should call you at a phone number you give to
report any difficulty in obtaining repairs.
(11) State: ``To ensure your full protection under the emission
warranty on your [engine/equipment] by federal law, and your right to
participate in future recalls, we recommend you have your [engine/
equipment] serviced as soon as possible. We may consider your not
servicing it to be improper maintenance.''
(b) We may require you to add information to your notice or to send
more notices.
(c) You may not in any communication with owners or dealers say or
imply that your noncompliance does not exist or that it will not degrade
air quality.

Sec. 1068.525 What records must I send to EPA?

(a) Send us a copy of all communications related to the remedial
plan you sent to dealers and others doing the repairs. Mail or e-mail us
the information at the same time you send it to others.
(b) From the time you begin to notify owners, send us a report
within 25 days of the end of each calendar quarter. Send reports for six
consecutive quarters or until all the engines/equipment are inspected,
whichever comes first. In these reports, identify the following:
(1) The range of dates you needed to notify owners.
(2) The total number of notices sent.
(3) The number of engines/equipment you estimate fall under the
remedial plan (explain how you determined this number).
(4) The cumulative number of engines/equipment you inspected under
the remedial plan.
(5) The cumulative number of these engines/equipment you found
needed the specified repair.
(6) The cumulative number of these engines/equipment you have
repaired.
(7) The cumulative number of engines/equipment you determined to be
unavailable due to exportation, theft, retirement, or other reasons
(specify).
(8) The cumulative number of engines/equipment you disqualified for
not being properly maintained or used.
(c) If your estimated number of engines/equipment falling under the
remedial plan changes, change the estimate in your next report and add
an explanation for the change.
(d) We may ask for more information.
(e) We may waive reporting requirements or adjust the reporting
schedule.
(f) If anyone asks to see the information in your reports, we will
follow the provisions of Sec. 1068.10 for handling confidential
information.

Sec. 1068.530 What records must I keep?

We may review your records at any time so it is important that you
keep

[[Page 958]]

required information readily available. Keep records associated with
your recall campaign for three years after you send the last report we
require under Sec. 1068.525(b). Organize and maintain your records as
described in this section.
(a) Keep a paper copy of the written reports described in Sec.
1068.525.
(b) Keep a record of the names and addresses of owners you notified.
For each engine or piece of equipment, state whether you did any of the
following:
(1) Inspected the engine/equipment.
(2) Disqualified the engine/equipment for not being properly
maintained or used.
(3) Completed the prescribed repairs.
(c) You may keep the records in paragraph (b) of this section in any
form we can inspect, including computer databases.

Sec. 1068.535 How can I do a voluntary recall for emission-related problems?

If we have made a determination that a substantial number of
properly maintained and used engines/equipment do not conform to the
regulations of this chapter during their useful life, you may not use a
voluntary recall or other alternate means to meet your obligation to
remedy the noncompliance. Thus, this section applies only if you learn
that your family does not meet the requirements of this chapter and we
have not made such a determination.
(a) To do a voluntary recall under this section, first send the
Designated Compliance Officer a plan, following the guidelines in Sec.
1068.510. Within 15 days, we will send you our comments on your plan.
(b) Once we approve your plan, start notifying owners and carrying
out the specified repairs. Make reasonable efforts to carry out the
recall as quickly as possible.
(c) From the time you start the recall campaign, send us a report
within 25 days of the end of each calendar quarter, following the
guidelines in Sec. 1068.525(b). Send reports for six consecutive
quarters or until all the engines/equipment are inspected, whichever
comes first.
(d) Keep your reports and the supporting information as described in
Sec. 1068.530.

Subpart G_Hearings

Sec. 1068.601 What are the procedures for hearings?

If we agree to hold a hearing related to our decision to order a
recall under Sec. 1068.505, we will hold the hearing according to the
provisions of 40 CFR 85.1807. For any other issues, you may request an
informal hearing as described in 40 CFR 86.1853-01.

Sec. Appendix I to Part 1068--Emission-Related Components

This appendix specifies emission-related components that we refer to
for describing such things as emission-related warranty or requirements
related to rebuilding engines. Note that inclusion of a component in
Section III of this Appendix does not make it an emission-related
component for engines/equipment that are not subject to evaporative
emission standards.
I. For exhaust emissions, emission-related components include any
engine parts related to the following systems:
1. Air-induction system.
2. Fuel system.
3. Ignition system.
4. Exhaust gas recirculation systems.
II. The following parts are also considered emission-related
components for exhaust emissions:
1. Aftertreatment devices.
2. Crankcase ventilation valves.
3. Sensors.
4. Electronic control units.
III. The following parts are considered emission-related components
for evaporative emissions:
1. Fuel Tank.
2. Fuel Cap.
3. Fuel Line.
4. Fuel Line Fittings.
5. Clamps*.
6. Pressure Relief Valves*.
7. Control Valves*.
8. Control Solenoids*.
9. Electronic Controls*.
10. Vacuum Control Diaphragms*.
11. Control Cables*.
12. Control Linkages*.
13. Purge Valves.
14. Vapor Hoses.
15. Liquid/Vapor Separator.
16. Carbon Canister.
17. Canister Mounting Brackets.
18. Carburetor Purge Port Connector.
*As related to the evaporative emission control system.

[[Page 959]]

IV. Emission-related components also include any other part whose
only purpose is to reduce emissions or whose failure will increase
emissions without significantly degrading engine/equipment performance.

Sec. Appendix II to Part 1068--Emission-Related Parameters and

Specifications

This appendix specifies emission-related parameters and
specifications that we refer to for describing such things as emission-
related defects or requirements related to rebuilding engines.
I. Basic Engine Parameters for Reciprocating Engines.
1. Compression ratio.
2. Type of air aspiration (natural, Roots-blown, supercharged,
turbocharged).
3. Valves (intake and exhaust).
a. Head diameter dimension.
b. Valve lifter or actuator type and valve lash dimension.
4. Camshaft timing.
a. Valve opening--intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or
bottom-dead center).
b. Valve closing--intake exhaust (degrees from top-dead center or
bottom-dead center).
c. Valve overlap (degrees).
5. Ports--two stroke engines (intake and/or exhaust).
a. Flow area.
b. Opening timing (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead
center).
c. Closing timing (degrees from top-dead center or bottom-dead
center).
II. Intake Air System.
1. Roots blower/supercharger/turbocharger calibration.
2. Charge air cooling.
a. Type (air-to-air; air-to-liquid).
b. Type of liquid cooling (engine coolant, dedicated cooling
system).
c. Performance.
3. Temperature control system calibration.
4. Maximum allowable inlet air restriction.
III. Fuel System.
1. General.
a. Engine idle speed.
b. Engine idle mixture.
2. Carburetion.
a. Air-fuel flow calibration.
b. Idle mixture.
c. Transient enrichment system calibration.
d. Starting enrichment system calibration.
e. Altitude compensation system calibration.
f. Hot idle compensation system calibration.
3. Fuel injection for spark-ignition engines.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.
b. Idle mixture.
c. Fuel shutoff system calibration.
d. Starting enrichment system calibration.
e. Transient enrichment system calibration.
f. Air-fuel flow calibration.
g. Altitude compensation system calibration.
h. Operating pressure(s).
i. Injector timing calibration.
4. Fuel injection for compression-ignition engines.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.
b. Transient enrichment system calibration.
c. Air-fuel flow calibration.
d. Altitude compensation system calibration.
e. Operating pressure(s).
f. Injector timing calibration.
IV. Ignition System for Spark-ignition Engines.
1. Control parameters and calibration.
2. Initial timing setting.
3. Dwell setting.
4. Altitude compensation system calibration.
5. Spark plug voltage.
V. Engine Cooling System--thermostat calibration.
VI. Exhaust System--maximum allowable back pressure.
VII. System for Controlling Exhaust Emissions.
1. Air injection system.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.
b. Pump flow rate.
2. EGR system.
a. Control parameters and calibrations.
b. EGR valve flow calibration.
3. Catalytic converter system.
a. Active surface area.
b. Volume of catalyst.
c. Conversion efficiency.
4. Backpressure.
VIII. System for Controlling Crankcase Emissions.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.
2. Valve calibrations.
IX. Auxiliary Emission Control Devices (AECD).
1. Control parameters and calibrations.
2. Component calibration(s).
X. System for Controlling Evaporative Emissions.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.
2. Fuel tank.
a. Volume.
b. Pressure and vacuum relief settings.
XI. Warning Systems Related to Emission Controls.
1. Control parameters and calibrations.
2. Component calibrations.

Sec. Appendix III to Part 1068--High-Altitude Counties

In some cases the standard-setting part includes requirements or
other specifications that apply for high-altitude counties. The

[[Page 960]]

following counties have substantial populated areas above 4,000 feet
above sea level and are therefore considered to be high-altitude
counties:

STATE OF ARIZONA

Apache
Cochise
Coconino
Navajo
Yavapai

STATE OF COLORADO

Adams
Alamosa
Arapahoe
Archuleta
Boulder
Chaffee
Cheyenne
Clear Creek
Conejos
Costilla
Crowley
Custer
Delta
Denver
Dolores
Douglas
Eagle
Elbert
El Paso
Fremont
Garfield
Gilpin
Grand
Gunnison
Hinsdale
Huerfano
Jackson
Jefferson
Kit Carson
Lake
La Plata
Larimer
Las Animas
Lincoln
Mesa
Mineral
Moffat
Montezuma
Montrose
Morgan
Otero
Ouray
Park
Pitkin
Pueblo
Rio Blanco
Rio Grande
Routt
Saguache
San Juan
San Miguel
Summit
Teller
Washington
Weld

STATE OF IDAHO

Bannock
Bear Lake
Bingham
Blaine
Bonneville
Butte
Camas
Caribou
Cassia
Clark
Custer
Franklin
Fremont
Jefferson
Lemhi
Madison
Minidoka
Oneida
Power
Teton
Valley

STATE OF MONTANA

Beaverhead
Deer Lodge
Gallatin
Jefferson
Judith Basin
Powell
Madison
Meagher
Park
Silver Bow
Wheatland

STATE OF NEBRASKA

Banner
Cheyenne
Kimball
Sioux

STATE OF NEVADA

Carson City
Douglas
Elko
Esmeralda
Eureka
Humboldt
Lander
Lincoln
Lyon
Mineral
Nye
Pershing
Storey
Washoe
White Pine

STATE OF NEW MEXICO

Bernalillo
Catron
Colfax

[[Page 961]]

Curry
De Baca
Grant
Guadalupe
Harding
Hidalgo
Lincoln
Los Alamos
Luna
McKinley
Mora
Otero
Rio Arriba
Roosevelt
Sandoval
San Juan
San Miguel
Santa Fe
Sierra
Socorro
Taos
Torrance
Union
Valencia

STATE OF OREGON

Harney
Lake
Klamath

STATE OF TEXAS

Jeff Davis
Judspeth
Parmer

STATE OF UTAH

Beaver
Box Elder
Cache
Carbon
Daggett
Davis
Duchesne
Emery
Garfield
Grand
Iron
Juab
Kane
Millard
Morgan
Piute
Rich
Salt Lake
San Juan
Sanpete
Sevier
Summit
Tooele
Uintah
Utah
Wasatch
Wayne
Weber

STATE OF WYOMING

Albany
Campbell
Carbon
Converse
Fremont
Goshen
Hot Springs
Johnson
Laramie
Lincoln
Natrona
Niobrara
Park
Platte
Sublette
Sweetwater
Teton
Uinta
Washakie
Weston

PART 1074_PREEMPTION OF STATE STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR WAIVER OF FEDERAL

PREEMPTION FOR NONROAD ENGINES AND NONROAD VEHICLES--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Applicability and General Provisions

Sec.
1074.1 Applicability.
1074.5 Definitions.
1074.10 Scope of preemption.
1074.12 Scope of preemption--specific provisions for locomotives and
locomotive engines

Subpart B_Procedures for Authorization

1074.101 Procedures for California nonroad authorization requests.
1074.105 Criteria for granting authorization.
1074.110 Adoption of California standards by other states.
1074.115 Relationship of federal and state standards.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Source: 73 FR 59379, Oct. 8, 2008, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Applicability and General Provisions

Sec. 1074.1 Applicability.

The requirements of this part apply with respect to state and local
standards and other requirements relating to the control of emissions
from nonroad engines and nonroad vehicles.

[[Page 962]]

Sec. 1074.5 Definitions.

The definitions in this section apply to this part. As used in this
part, all undefined terms have the meaning the Act gives to them. The
definitions follow:
Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.
Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency and any authorized representatives.
Commercial means an activity engaged in as a vocation.
Construction equipment or vehicle means any internal combustion
engine-powered machine primarily used in construction and located on
commercial construction sites.
Engine used in a locomotive means either an engine placed in a
locomotive to move other equipment, freight, or passenger traffic, or an
engine mounted on a locomotive to provide auxiliary power.
Farm equipment or vehicle means any internal combustion engine-
powered machine primarily used in the commercial production and/or
commercial harvesting of food, fiber, wood, or commercial organic
products or for the processing of such products for further use on the
farm.
Locomotive means a piece of equipment meeting the definition of
locomotive in 40 CFR 1033.901 that is propelled by a nonroad engine.
New has the following meanings:
(1) For locomotives, new has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1033.901.
(2) For engines used in locomotives, new means an engine
incorporated in (or intended to be incorporated in) in a new locomotive.
(3) For other nonroad engines and equipment, new means a domestic or
imported nonroad engine or nonroad vehicle the equitable or legal title
to which has never been transferred to an ultimate purchaser. Where the
equitable or legal title to an engine or vehicle is not transferred to
an ultimate purchaser until after the engine or vehicle is placed into
service, then the engine or vehicle will no longer be new once it is
placed into service. A nonroad engine or vehicle is placed into service
when it is used for its functional purposes. This paragraph (3) does not
apply to locomotives or engines used in locomotives.
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30
Primarily used means used 51 percent or more.
States and localities means any or all of the states, commonwealths,
and territories in the United States including the District of Columbia
and any or all of their political subdivisions.
Ultimate purchaser means the first person who in good faith
purchases a new nonroad engine or new nonroad vehicle or equipment for
purposes other than resale.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.

Sec. 1074.10 Scope of preemption.

(a) States and localities are preempted from adopting or enforcing
standards or other requirements relating to the control of emissions
from new engines smaller than 175 horsepower that are primarily used in
farm or construction equipment or vehicles, as defined in this part. For
equipment that is used in applications in addition to farming or
construction activities, if the equipment is primarily used as farm and/
or construction equipment or vehicles (as defined in this part), it is
considered farm or construction equipment or vehicles.
(b) For nonroad engines or vehicles other than those described in
paragraph (a) of this section and Sec. 1074.12, States and localities
are preempted from enforcing any standards or other requirements
relating to control of emissions from nonroad engines or vehicles except
as provided in subpart B of this part.

Sec. 1074.12 Scope of preemption-specific provisions for locomotives and

locomotive engines

(a) States and localities are preempted from adopting or enforcing
standards or other requirements relating to the control of emissions
from new locomotives and new engines used in locomotives.
(b) During a period equivalent in length to 133 percent of the
useful life, expressed as MW-hrs (or miles where applicable), beginning
at the point at

[[Page 963]]

which the locomotive or engine becomes new, those standards or other
requirements which are preempted include, but are not limited to, the
following: emission standards, mandatory fleet average standards,
certification requirements, retrofit and aftermarket equipment
requirements, and nonfederal in-use testing requirements. The standards
and other requirements specified in the preceding sentence are preempted
whether applicable to new or other locomotives or locomotive engines.

Subpart B_Procedures for Authorization

Sec. 1074.101 Procedures for California nonroad authorization requests.

(a) California must request authorization from the Administrator to
enforce its adopted standards and other requirements relating to control
of emissions from nonroad engines or vehicles that are not preempted by
Sec. 1074.10(a) or Sec. 1074.12. The request must include the record
on which the state rulemaking was based.
(b) After receiving the authorization request, the Administrator
will provide notice and opportunity for a public hearing regarding such
requests.

Sec. 1074.105 Criteria for granting authorization.

(a) The Administrator will grant the authorization if California
determines that its standards will be, in the aggregate, at least as
protective of public health and welfare as otherwise applicable federal
standards.
(b) The authorization will not be granted if the Administrator finds
that any of the following are true:
(1) California's determination is arbitrary and capricious.
(2) California does not need such standards to meet compelling and
extraordinary conditions.
(3) The California standards and accompanying enforcement procedures
are not consistent with section 209 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7543).
(c) In considering any request from California to authorize the
state to adopt or enforce standards or other requirements relating to
control of emissions from new nonroad spark-ignition engines smaller
than 50 horsepower, the Administrator will give appropriate
consideration to safety factors (including the potential increased risk
of burn or fire) associated with compliance with the California
standard.

Sec. 1074.110 Adoption of California standards by other states.

(a) Except as described in paragraph (b) of this section, any state
other than California that has plan provisions approved under Part D of
Title I of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7501 to 7515) may adopt and enforce
emission standards for any period for nonroad engines and vehicles
subject to the following requirements:
(1) The state must provide notice to the Administrator that it has
adopted such standards.
(2) Such standards may not apply to new engines smaller than 175
horsepower that are used in farm or construction equipment or vehicles,
or to new locomotives or new engines used in locomotives.
(3) Such standards and implementation and enforcement must be
identical, for the period concerned, to the California standards
authorized by the Administrator.
(4) The state must adopt such standards at least two years before
the standards first take effect.
(5) California must have adopted such standards two years before the
standards first take effect in the state that is adopting them under
this section.
(b) States and localities, other than the State of California, may
not adopt or attempt to enforce any standard or other requirement
applicable to the control of emissions from spark-ignition engines
smaller than 50 horsepower, except standards or other requirements that
were adopted by that state before September 1, 2003.

Sec. 1074.115 Relationship of federal and state standards.

If state standards apply to a new nonroad engine or vehicle pursuant
to authorization granted under section 209 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7543),
compliance with such state standards will be treated as compliance with
the otherwise applicable standards of this chapter for engines or
vehicles introduced into commerce in that state.

[[Page 965]]

CHAPTER IV--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AND DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

--------------------------------------------------------------------

SUBCHAPTER A--ACCIDENTAL RELEASE PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS; RISK
MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS UNDER THE CLEAN AIR ACT SECTION 112(R)(7);
DISTRIBUTION OF OFF-SITE CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Part Page
1400 Distribution of off-site consequence
analysis information.................... 967

[[Page 967]]

SUBCHAPTER A_ACCIDENTAL RELEASE PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS; RISK MANAGEMENT

PROGRAMS UNDER THE CLEAN AIR ACT SECTION 112(r)(7); DISTRIBUTION OF OFF-

SITE CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS INFORMATION

PART 1400_DISTRIBUTION OF OFF-SITE CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS INFORMATION--Table of

Contents

Subpart A_General

Sec.
1400.1 Purpose.
1400.2 Definitions.

Subpart B_Public Access

1400.3 Public access to paper copies of off-site consequence analysis
information.
1400.4 Vulnerable zone indicator system.
1400.5 Internet access to certain off-site consequence analysis data
elements.
1400.6 Enhanced local access.

Subpart C_Access to Off-Site Consequence Analysis Information by
Government Officials

1400.7 In general.
1400.8 Access to off-site consequence analysis information by Federal
Government officials.
1400.9 Access to off-site consequence analysis information by State and
local government officials.

Subpart D_Other Provisions

1400.10 Limitation on public dissemination.
1400.11 Limitation on dissemination to State and local government
officials.
1400.12 Qualified researchers.
1400.13 Read-only database.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(7)(H)(ii).

Source: 65 FR 48131, Aug. 4, 2000, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_General

Sec. 1400.1 Purpose.

Stationary sources subject to the Chemical Accident Prevention
Provisions of 40 CFR part 68 are required to analyze the potential harm
to public health and welfare of hypothetical chemical accidents and
submit the results of their analyses to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency as part of risk management plans. This part governs
access by the public and by government officials to the portions of risk
management plans containing the results of those analyses and certain
related materials. This part also restricts dissemination of that
information by government officials.

Sec. 1400.2 Definitions.

For the purposes of this part:
(a) Accidental release means an unanticipated emission of a
regulated substance or other extremely hazardous substance into the
ambient air from a stationary source.
(b) Administrator means the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency or his or her designated representative.
(c) Attorney General means the Attorney General of the United States
or his or her designated representative.
(d) Federal government official means--
(1) An officer or employee of the United States; and
(2) An officer or employee of an agent or contractor of the Federal
government.
(e) State or local government official means--
(1) An officer or employee of a State or local government;
(2) An officer or employee of an agent or contractor of a State or
local government;
(3) An individual affiliated with an entity that has been given, by
a state or local government, responsibility for preventing, planning
for, or responding to accidental releases, such as a member of a Local
Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) or a State Emergency Response
Commission (SERC), or a paid or volunteer member of a fire or police
department; or
(4) An officer or employee or an agent or contractor of an entity
described in paragraph (e)(3) of this section.
(f) LEPC means a Local Emergency Planning Committee created under
the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 U.S.C. 11001
et seq.

[[Page 968]]

(g) Member of the public or person means an individual.
(h) Official use means an action of a Federal, State, or local
government agency or an entity described in paragraph (e)(3) of this
section intended to carry out a function relevant to preventing,
planning for, or responding to accidental releases.
(i) Off-site consequence analysis (OCA) information means sections 2
through 5 of a risk management plan (consisting of an evaluation of one
or more worst-case release scenarios or alternative release scenarios)
for an identified facility and any electronic database created by the
Administrator from those sections.
(j) Off-site consequence analysis (OCA) data elements means the
results of the off-site consequence analysis conducted by a stationary
source pursuant to 40 CFR part 68, subpart B, when presented in a format
different than sections 2 through 5 of a risk management plan or any
Administrator-created electronic database.
(k) Off-site consequence analysis (OCA) rankings means any statewide
or national rankings of identified stationary sources derived from OCA
information.
(l) Qualified researcher means a researcher who receives OCA
information pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(7)(H)(vii).
(m) Related local government agencies means local government
agencies, such as police, fire, emergency management, and planning
departments, that are involved in chemical emergency planning,
prevention, or response.
(n) Related state government agencies means State government
agencies, such as emergency management, environmental protection,
health, and natural resources departments, that are involved in chemical
emergency planning, prevention, or response.
(o) Risk management plan (RMP) means a risk management plan
submitted to the Administrator by an owner or operator of a stationary
source pursuant to 40 CFR part 68, subpart G.
(p) SERC means a State Emergency Response Commission created under
the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 U.S.C. 11001
et seq.
(q) State has the same meaning as provided in 42 U.S.C. 7602(d) (a
state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands).
(r) Stationary source has the same meaning as provided in 40 CFR
part 68 subpart A, Sec. 68.3.
(s) Vulnerable zone means the geographical area that could be
affected by a worst-case or alternative scenario release from a
stationary source, as indicated by the off-site consequence analysis
reported by the stationary source in its risk management plan pursuant
to the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Part 68. It is defined as a
circle, the center of which is the stationary source and the radius of
which is the ``distance-to-endpoint,'' or the distance a toxic or
flammable cloud, overpressure, or radiant heat would travel after being
released and before dissipating to the point that it no longer threatens
serious short-term harm to people or the environment.

Subpart B_Public Access

Sec. 1400.3 Public access to paper copies of off-site consequence analysis

information.

(a) General. The Administrator and the Attorney General shall ensure
that any member of the public has access to a paper copy of OCA
information in the manner prescribed by this section.
(b) Reading-room access. Paper copies of OCA information shall be
available in at least 50 reading rooms geographically distributed across
the United States and its territories. The reading rooms shall allow any
person to read, but not remove or mechanically reproduce, a paper copy
of OCA information, in accordance with paragraphs (c) through (g) of
this section and procedures established by the Administrator and
Attorney General.
(c) Limited number. Any person shall be provided with access to a
paper copy of the OCA information for up to 10 stationary sources
located anywhere in the country, without geographical restriction, in a
calendar month.
(d) Additional access. Any person also shall be provided with access
to a paper

[[Page 969]]

copy of the OCA information for stationary sources located in the
jurisdiction of the LEPC where the person lives or works and for any
other stationary source that has a vulnerable zone that extends into
that LEPC's jurisdiction.
(e) Personal identification for access to OCA information without
geographical restriction. Reading rooms established under this section
shall provide a person with access to a paper copy of OCA information
under paragraph (c) of this section only after a reading room
representative has
(1) Ascertained the person's identity by viewing photo
identification issued by a Federal, State, or local government agency to
the person; and
(2) Obtained the person's signature on a sign-in sheet and a
certification that the person has not received access to OCA information
for more than 10 stationary sources for that calendar month.
(f) Personal identification for access to local OCA information.
Reading rooms established under this section shall provide a person with
access to a paper copy of OCA information under paragraph (d) of this
section only after a reading room representative has
(1) Ascertained where the person lives or works by viewing
appropriate documentation; and
(2) Obtained the person's signature on a sign-in sheet.
(g) Record keeping. Reading room personnel shall keep records of
reading room use and certifications in accordance with procedures
established by the Administrator and the Attorney General. These records
shall be retained for no more than three years. Federal reading rooms
will not index or otherwise manipulate the sign-in sheets according to
individuals' names, except in accordance with the Privacy Act.

Sec. 1400.4 Vulnerable zone indicator system.

(a) In general. The Administrator shall provide access to a
computer-based indicator that shall inform any person located in any
state whether an address specified by that person might be within the
vulnerable zone of one or more stationary sources, according to the data
reported in RMPs. The indicator also shall provide information about how
to obtain further information.
(b) Methods of access. The indicator shall be available on the
Internet or by request made by telephone or by mail to the Administrator
to operate the indicator for an address specified by the requestor.
SERCs, LEPCs, and other related state or local government agencies are
authorized and encouraged to operate the indicator as well.

Sec. 1400.5 Internet access to certain off-site consequence analysis data

elements.

The Administrator shall include only the following OCA data elements
in the risk management plan database available on the Internet:
(a) The concentration of the chemical (RMP Sections 2.1.b; 3.1.b);
(b) The physical state of the chemical (RMP Sections 2.2; 3.2);
(c) The statistical model used (RMP Sections 2.3; 3.3; 4.2; 5.2);
(d) The endpoint used for flammables in the worst-case scenario (RMP
Section 4.5);
(e) The duration of the chemical release for the worst-case scenario
(RMP Section 2.7);
(f) The wind speed during the chemical release (RMP Sections 2.8;
3.8);
(g) The atmospheric stability (RMP Sections 2.9; 3.9);
(h) The topography of the surrounding area (RMP Sections 2.10;
3.10);
(i) The passive mitigation systems considered (RMP Sections 2.15;
3.15; 4.10; 5.10); and
(j) The active mitigation systems considered (RMP Sections 3.16;
5.11).

Sec. 1400.6 Enhanced local access.

(a) OCA data elements. Consistent with 42 U.S.C.
7412(r)(7)(H)(xii)(II), members of LEPCs and SERCs, and any other State
or local government official, may convey to the public OCA data elements
orally or in writing, as long as the data elements are not conveyed in
the format of sections 2 through 5 of an RMP or any electronic database
developed by the Administrator from those sections. Disseminating OCA
data elements to the public

[[Page 970]]

in a manner consistent with this provision does not violate 42 U.S.C.
7412(r)(7)(H)(v) and is not punishable under federal law.
(b) OCA information. (1) LEPCs and related local government agencies
are authorized and encouraged to allow any member of the public to read,
but not remove or mechanically copy, a paper copy of the OCA sections of
RMPs (i.e., sections 2 through 5) for stationary sources located within
the jurisdiction of the LEPC and for any other stationary source that
has a vulnerable zone that extends into that jurisdiction.
(2) LEPCs and related local government agencies that provide read-
only access to the OCA sections of RMPs under this paragraph (b) are not
required to limit the number of stationary sources for which a person
can gain access, ascertain a person's identity or place of residence or
work, or keep records of public access provided.
(3) SERCs and related state government agencies are authorized and
encouraged to allow any person to read, but not remove or mechanically
copy, a paper copy of the OCA sections of RMPs for the same stationary
sources that the LEPC in whose jurisdiction the person lives or works
would be authorized to make available to that person under paragraph
(b)(1) of this section.
(4) Any LEPC, SERC, or related local or State government agency that
allows a person to read the OCA sections of RMPs in a manner consistent
with this paragraph (b) shall not be in violation of 42 U.S.C.
7412(r)(7)(H)(v) or any other provision of federal law.

Subpart C_Access to Off-Site Consequence Analysis Information by

Government Officials.

Sec. 1400.7 In general.

The Administrator shall provide OCA information to government
officials as provided in this subpart. Any OCA information provided to
government officials shall be accompanied by a copy of the notice
prescribed by 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(7)(H)(vi).

Sec. 1400.8 Access to off-site consequence analysis information by Federal

government officials.

The Administrator shall provide any Federal government official with
the OCA information requested by the official for official use. The
Administrator shall provide the OCA information to the official in
electronic form, unless the official specifically requests the
information in paper form. The Administrator may charge a fee to cover
the cost of copying OCA information in paper form.

Sec. 1400.9 Access to off-site consequence analysis information by State and

local government officials.

(a) The Administrator shall make available to any State or local
government official for official use the OCA information for stationary
sources located in the official's state.
(b) The Administrator also shall make available to any State or
local government official for official use the OCA information for
stationary sources not located in the official's state, at the request
of the official.
(c) The Administrator shall provide OCA information to a State or
local government official in electronic form, unless the official
specifically requests the information in paper form. The Administrator
may charge a fee to cover the cost of copying OCA information in paper
form.
(d) Any State or local government official is authorized to provide,
for official use, OCA information relating to stationary sources located
in the official's state to other State or local government officials in
that state and to State or local government officials in a contiguous
state.

Subpart D_Other Provisions

Sec. 1400.10 Limitation on public dissemination.

Except as authorized by this part and by 42 U.S.C.
7412(r)(7)(H)(v)(III), Federal, State, and local government officials,
and qualified researchers are prohibited from disseminating OCA
information and OCA rankings to the public. Violation of this provision
subjects the violator to criminal liability as provided in 42 U.S.C.
7412(r)(7)(H)(v)

[[Page 971]]

and civil liability as provided in 42 U.S.C. 7413.

Sec. 1400.11 Limitation on dissemination to State and local government

officials.

Except as authorized by this part and by 42 U.S.C.
7412(r)(7)(H)(v)(III), Federal, State, and local government officials,
and qualified researchers are prohibited from disseminating OCA
information to State and local government officials. Violation of this
provision subjects the violator to civil liability as provided in 42
U.S.C. 7413.

Sec. 1400.12 Qualified researchers.

The Administrator is authorized to provide OCA information,
including facility identification, to qualified researchers pursuant to
a system developed and implemented under 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(7)(H)(vii),
in consultation with the Attorney General.

Sec. 1400.13 Read-only database.

The Administrator is authorized to establish, pursuant to 42 U.S.C.
7412(r)(7)(H)(viii), an information technology system that makes
available to the public off-site consequence analysis information by
means of a central database under the control of the Federal government
that contains information that users may read, but that provides no
means by which an electronic or mechanical copy of the information may
be made.

[[Page 973]]

CHAPTER V--COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Part Page
1500 Purpose, policy, and mandate................ 975
1501 NEPA and agency planning.................... 977
1502 Environmental impact statement.............. 981
1503 Commenting.................................. 988
1504 Predecision referrals to the Council of
proposed Federal actions determined to
be environmentally unsatisfactory....... 989
1505 NEPA and agency decisionmaking.............. 991
1506 Other requirements of NEPA.................. 992
1507 Agency compliance........................... 997
1508 Terminology and index....................... 999
Index to Parts 1500 Through 1508............ 1004
1515 Freedom of Information Act procedures....... 1005
1516 Privacy Act implementation.................. 1012
1517 Public meeting procedures of the Council on
Environmental Quality................... 1014
1518 Office of Environmental Quality Management
Fund.................................... 1018

[[Page 975]]

PART 1500_PURPOSE, POLICY, AND MANDATE--Table of Contents

Sec.
1500.1 Purpose.
1500.2 Policy.
1500.3 Mandate.
1500.4 Reducing paperwork.
1500.5 Reducing delay.
1500.6 Agency authority.

Authority: NEPA, the Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970,
as amended (42 U.S.C. 4371 et seq.), sec. 309 of the Clean Air Act, as
amended (42 U.S.C. 7609) and E.O. 11514, Mar. 5, 1970, as amended by
E.O. 11991, May 24, 1977).

Source: 43 FR 55990, Nov. 28, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1500.1 Purpose.

(a) The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is our basic
national charter for protection of the environment. It establishes
policy, sets goals (section 101), and provides means (section 102) for
carrying out the policy. Section 102(2) contains ``action-forcing''
provisions to make sure that federal agencies act according to the
letter and spirit of the Act. The regulations that follow implement
section 102(2). Their purpose is to tell federal agencies what they must
do to comply with the procedures and achieve the goals of the Act. The
President, the federal agencies, and the courts share responsibility for
enforcing the Act so as to achieve the substantive requirements of
section 101.
(b) NEPA procedures must insure that environmental information is
available to public officials and citizens before decisions are made and
before actions are taken. The information must be of high quality.
Accurate scientific analysis, expert agency comments, and public
scrutiny are essential to implementing NEPA. Most important, NEPA
documents must concentrate on the issues that are truly significant to
the action in question, rather than amassing needless detail.
(c) Ultimately, of course, it is not better documents but better
decisions that count. NEPA's purpose is not to generate paperwork--even
excellent paperwork--but to foster excellent action. The NEPA process is
intended to help public officials make decisions that are based on
understanding of environmental consequences, and take actions that
protect, restore, and enhance the environment. These regulations provide
the direction to achieve this purpose.

Sec. 1500.2 Policy.

Federal agencies shall to the fullest extent possible:
(a) Interpret and administer the policies, regulations, and public
laws of the United States in accordance with the policies set forth in
the Act and in these regulations.
(b) Implement procedures to make the NEPA process more useful to
decisionmakers and the public; to reduce paperwork and the accumulation
of extraneous background data; and to emphasize real environmental
issues and alternatives. Environmental impact statements shall be
concise, clear, and to the point, and shall be supported by evidence
that agencies have made the necessary environmental analyses.
(c) Integrate the requirements of NEPA with other planning and
environmental review procedures required by law or by agency practice so
that all such procedures run concurrently rather than consecutively.
(d) Encourage and facilitate public involvement in decisions which
affect the quality of the human environment.
(e) Use the NEPA process to identify and assess the reasonable
alternatives to proposed actions that will avoid or minimize adverse
effects of these actions upon the quality of the human environment.
(f) Use all practicable means, consistent with the requirements of
the Act and other essential considerations of national policy, to
restore and enhance the quality of the human environment and avoid or
minimize any possible adverse effects of their actions upon the quality
of the human environment.

Sec. 1500.3 Mandate.

Parts 1500 through 1508 of this title provide regulations applicable
to and binding on all Federal agencies for implementing the procedural
provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended
(Pub. L. 91-190, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) (NEPA or the Act)

[[Page 976]]

except where compliance would be inconsistent with other statutory
requirements. These regulations are issued pursuant to NEPA, the
Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970, as amended (42 U.S.C.
4371 et seq.) section 309 of the Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U.S.C.
7609) and Executive Order 11514, Protection and Enhancement of
Environmental Quality (March 5, 1970, as amended by Executive Order
11991, May 24, 1977). These regulations, unlike the predecessor
guidelines, are not confined to sec. 102(2)(C) (environmental impact
statements). The regulations apply to the whole of section 102(2). The
provisions of the Act and of these regulations must be read together as
a whole in order to comply with the spirit and letter of the law. It is
the Council's intention that judicial review of agency compliance with
these regulations not occur before an agency has filed the final
environmental impact statement, or has made a final finding of no
significant impact (when such a finding will result in action affecting
the environment), or takes action that will result in irreparable
injury. Furthermore, it is the Council's intention that any trivial
violation of these regulations not give rise to any independent cause of
action.

Sec. 1500.4 Reducing paperwork.

Agencies shall reduce excessive paperwork by:
(a) Reducing the length of environmental impact statements (Sec.
1502.2(c)), by means such as setting appropriate page limits (Sec. Sec.
1501.7(b)(1) and 1502.7).
(b) Preparing analytic rather than encyclopedic environmental impact
statements (Sec. 1502.2(a)).
(c) Discussing only briefly issues other than significant ones
(Sec. 1502.2(b)).
(d) Writing environmental impact statements in plain language (Sec.
1502.8).
(e) Following a clear format for environmental impact statements
(Sec. 1502.10).
(f) Emphasizing the portions of the environmental impact statement
that are useful to decisionmakers and the public (Sec. Sec. 1502.14 and
1502.15) and reducing emphasis on background material (Sec. 1502.16).
(g) Using the scoping process, not only to identify significant
environmental issues deserving of study, but also to deemphasize
insignificant issues, narrowing the scope of the environmental impact
statement process accordingly (Sec. 1501.7).
(h) Summarizing the environmental impact statement (Sec. 1502.12)
and circulating the summary instead of the entire environmental impact
statement if the latter is unusually long (Sec. 1502.19).
(i) Using program, policy, or plan environmental impact statements
and tiering from statements of broad scope to those of narrower scope,
to eliminate repetitive discussions of the same issues (Sec. Sec.
1502.4 and 1502.20).
(j) Incorporating by reference (Sec. 1502.21).
(k) Integrating NEPA requirements with other environmental review
and consultation requirements (Sec. 1502.25).
(l) Requiring comments to be as specific as possible (Sec. 1503.3).
(m) Attaching and circulating only changes to the draft
environmental impact statement, rather than rewriting and circulating
the entire statement when changes are minor (Sec. 1503.4(c)).
(n) Eliminating duplication with State and local procedures, by
providing for joint preparation (Sec. 1506.2), and with other Federal
procedures, by providing that an agency may adopt appropriate
environmental documents prepared by another agency (Sec. 1506.3).
(o) Combining environmental documents with other documents (Sec.
1506.4).
(p) Using categorical exclusions to define categories of actions
which do not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on
the human environment and which are therefore exempt from requirements
to prepare an environmental impact statement (Sec. 1508.4).
(q) Using a finding of no significant impact when an action not
otherwise excluded will not have a significant effect on the human
environment and is therefore exempt from requirements to prepare an
environmental impact statement (Sec. 1508.13).

[43 FR 55990, Nov. 29, 1978; 44 FR 873, Jan. 3, 1979]

Sec. 1500.5 Reducing delay.

Agencies shall reduce delay by:

[[Page 977]]

(a) Integrating the NEPA process into early planning (Sec. 1501.2).
(b) Emphasizing interagency cooperation before the environmental
impact statement is prepared, rather than submission of adversary
comments on a completed document (Sec. 1501.6).
(c) Insuring the swift and fair resolution of lead agency disputes
(Sec. 1501.5).
(d) Using the scoping process for an early identification of what
are and what are not the real issues (Sec. 1501.7).
(e) Establishing appropriate time limits for the environmental
impact statement process (Sec. Sec. 1501.7(b)(2) and 1501.8).
(f) Preparing environmental impact statements early in the process
(Sec. 1502.5).
(g) Integrating NEPA requirements with other environmental review
and consultation requirements (Sec. 1502.25).
(h) Eliminating duplication with State and local procedures by
providing for joint preparation (Sec. 1506.2) and with other Federal
procedures by providing that an agency may adopt appropriate
environmental documents prepared by another agency (Sec. 1506.3).
(i) Combining environmental documents with other documents (Sec.
1506.4).
(j) Using accelerated procedures for proposals for legislation
(Sec. 1506.8).
(k) Using categorical exclusions to define categories of actions
which do not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on
the human environment (Sec. 1508.4) and which are therefore exempt from
requirements to prepare an environmental impact statement.
(l) Using a finding of no significant impact when an action not
otherwise excluded will not have a significant effect on the human
environment (Sec. 1508.13) and is therefore exempt from requirements to
prepare an environmental impact statement.

Sec. 1500.6 Agency authority.

Each agency shall interpret the provisions of the Act as a
supplement to its existing authority and as a mandate to view
traditional policies and missions in the light of the Act's national
environmental objectives. Agencies shall review their policies,
procedures, and regulations accordingly and revise them as necessary to
insure full compliance with the purposes and provisions of the Act. The
phrase ``to the fullest extent possible'' in section 102 means that each
agency of the Federal Government shall comply with that section unless
existing law applicable to the agency's operations expressly prohibits
or makes compliance impossible.

PART 1501_NEPA AND AGENCY PLANNING--Table of Contents

Sec.
1501.1 Purpose.
1501.2 Apply NEPA early in the process.
1501.3 When to prepare an environmental assessment.
1501.4 Whether to prepare an environmental impact statement.
1501.5 Lead agencies.
1501.6 Cooperating agencies.
1501.7 Scoping.
1501.8 Time limits.

Authority: NEPA, the Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970,
as amended (42 U.S.C. 4371 et seq.), sec. 309 of the Clean Air Act, as
amended (42 U.S.C. 7609, and E.O. 11514 (Mar. 5, 1970, as amended by
E.O. 11991, May 24, 1977).

Source: 43 FR 55992, Nov. 29, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1501.1 Purpose.

The purposes of this part include:
(a) Integrating the NEPA process into early planning to insure
appropriate consideration of NEPA's policies and to eliminate delay.
(b) Emphasizing cooperative consultation among agencies before the
environmental impact statement is prepared rather than submission of
adversary comments on a completed document.
(c) Providing for the swift and fair resolution of lead agency
disputes.
(d) Identifying at an early stage the significant environmental
issues deserving of study and deemphasizing insignificant issues,
narrowing the scope of the environmental impact statement accordingly.
(e) Providing a mechanism for putting appropriate time limits on the
environmental impact statement process.

[[Page 978]]

Sec. 1501.2 Apply NEPA early in the process.

Agencies shall integrate the NEPA process with other planning at the
earliest possible time to insure that planning and decisions reflect
environmental values, to avoid delays later in the process, and to head
off potential conflicts. Each agency shall:
(a) Comply with the mandate of section 102(2)(A) to ``utilize a
systematic, interdisciplinary approach which will insure the integrated
use of the natural and social sciences and the environmental design arts
in planning and in decisionmaking which may have an impact on man's
environment,'' as specified by Sec. 1507.2.
(b) Identify environmental effects and values in adequate detail so
they can be compared to economic and technical analyses. Environmental
documents and appropriate analyses shall be circulated and reviewed at
the same time as other planning documents.
(c) Study, develop, and describe appropriate alternatives to
recommended courses of action in any proposal which involves unresolved
conflicts concerning alternative uses of available resources as provided
by section 102(2)(E) of the Act.
(d) Provide for cases where actions are planned by private
applicants or other non-Federal entities before Federal involvement so
that:
(1) Policies or designated staff are available to advise potential
applicants of studies or other information foreseeably required for
later Federal action.
(2) The Federal agency consults early with appropriate State and
local agencies and Indian tribes and with interested private persons and
organizations when its own involvement is reasonably foreseeable.
(3) The Federal agency commences its NEPA process at the earliest
possible time.

Sec. 1501.3 When to prepare an environmental assessment.

(a) Agencies shall prepare an environmental assessment (Sec.
1508.9) when necessary under the procedures adopted by individual
agencies to supplement these regulations as described in Sec. 1507.3.
An assessment is not necessary if the agency has decided to prepare an
environmental impact statement.
(b) Agencies may prepare an environmental assessment on any action
at any time in order to assist agency planning and decisionmaking.

Sec. 1501.4 Whether to prepare an environmental impact statement.

In determining whether to prepare an environmental impact statement
the Federal agency shall:
(a) Determine under its procedures supplementing these regulations
(described in Sec. 1507.3) whether the proposal is one which:
(1) Normally requires an environmental impact statement, or
(2) Normally does not require either an environmental impact
statement or an environmental assessment (categorical exclusion).
(b) If the proposed action is not covered by paragraph (a) of this
section, prepare an environmental assessment (Sec. 1508.9). The agency
shall involve environmental agencies, applicants, and the public, to the
extent practicable, in preparing assessments required by Sec.
1508.9(a)(1).
(c) Based on the environmental assessment make its determination
whether to prepare an environmental impact statement.
(d) Commence the scoping process (Sec. 1501.7), if the agency will
prepare an environmental impact statement.
(e) Prepare a finding of no significant impact (Sec. 1508.13), if
the agency determines on the basis of the environmental assessment not
to prepare a statement.
(1) The agency shall make the finding of no significant impact
available to the affected public as specified in Sec. 1506.6.
(2) In certain limited circumstances, which the agency may cover in
its procedures under Sec. 1507.3, the agency shall make the finding of
no significant impact available for public review (including State and
areawide clearinghouses) for 30 days before the agency makes its final
determination whether to prepare an environmental impact statement and
before the action may begin. The circumstances are:

[[Page 979]]

(i) The proposed action is, or is closely similar to, one which
normally requires the preparation of an environmental impact statement
under the procedures adopted by the agency pursuant to Sec. 1507.3, or
(ii) The nature of the proposed action is one without precedent.

Sec. 1501.5 Lead agencies.

(a) A lead agency shall supervise the preparation of an
environmental impact statement if more than one Federal agency either:
(1) Proposes or is involved in the same action; or
(2) Is involved in a group of actions directly related to each other
because of their functional interdependence or geographical proximity.
(b) Federal, State, or local agencies, including at least one
Federal agency, may act as joint lead agencies to prepare an
environmental impact statement (Sec. 1506.2).
(c) If an action falls within the provisions of paragraph (a) of
this section the potential lead agencies shall determine by letter or
memorandum which agency shall be the lead agency and which shall be
cooperating agencies. The agencies shall resolve the lead agency
question so as not to cause delay. If there is disagreement among the
agencies, the following factors (which are listed in order of descending
importance) shall determine lead agency designation:
(1) Magnitude of agency's involvement.
(2) Project approval/disapproval authority.
(3) Expertise concerning the action's environmental effects.
(4) Duration of agency's involvement.
(5) Sequence of agency's involvement.
(d) Any Federal agency, or any State or local agency or private
person substantially affected by the absence of lead agency designation,
may make a written request to the potential lead agencies that a lead
agency be designated.
(e) If Federal agencies are unable to agree on which agency will be
the lead agency or if the procedure described in paragraph (c) of this
section has not resulted within 45 days in a lead agency designation,
any of the agencies or persons concerned may file a request with the
Council asking it to determine which Federal agency shall be the lead
agency.

A copy of the request shall be transmitted to each potential lead
agency. The request shall consist of:
(1) A precise description of the nature and extent of the proposed
action.
(2) A detailed statement of why each potential lead agency should or
should not be the lead agency under the criteria specified in paragraph
(c) of this section.
(f) A response may be filed by any potential lead agency concerned
within 20 days after a request is filed with the Council. The Council
shall determine as soon as possible but not later than 20 days after
receiving the request and all responses to it which Federal agency shall
be the lead agency and which other Federal agencies shall be cooperating
agencies.

[43 FR 55992, Nov. 29, 1978; 44 FR 873, Jan. 3, 1979]

Sec. 1501.6 Cooperating agencies.

The purpose of this section is to emphasize agency cooperation early
in the NEPA process. Upon request of the lead agency, any other Federal
agency which has jurisdiction by law shall be a cooperating agency. In
addition any other Federal agency which has special expertise with
respect to any environmental issue, which should be addressed in the
statement may be a cooperating agency upon request of the lead agency.
An agency may request the lead agency to designate it a cooperating
agency.
(a) The lead agency shall:
(1) Request the participation of each cooperating agency in the NEPA
process at the earliest possible time.
(2) Use the environmental analysis and proposals of cooperating
agencies with jurisdiction by law or special expertise, to the maximum
extent possible consistent with its responsibility as lead agency.
(3) Meet with a cooperating agency at the latter's request.
(b) Each cooperating agency shall:
(1) Participate in the NEPA process at the earliest possible time.

[[Page 980]]

(2) Participate in the scoping process (described below in Sec.
1501.7).
(3) Assume on request of the lead agency responsibility for
developing information and preparing environmental analyses including
portions of the environmental impact statement concerning which the
cooperating agency has special expertise.
(4) Make available staff support at the lead agency's request to
enhance the latter's interdisciplinary capability.
(5) Normally use its own funds. The lead agency shall, to the extent
available funds permit, fund those major activities or analyses it
requests from cooperating agencies. Potential lead agencies shall
include such funding requirements in their budget requests.
(c) A cooperating agency may in response to a lead agency's request
for assistance in preparing the environmental impact statement
(described in paragraph (b)(3), (4), or (5) of this section) reply that
other program commitments preclude any involvement or the degree of
involvement requested in the action that is the subject of the
environmental impact statement. A copy of this reply shall be submitted
to the Council.

Sec. 1501.7 Scoping.

There shall be an early and open process for determining the scope
of issues to be addressed and for identifying the significant issues
related to a proposed action. This process shall be termed scoping. As
soon as practicable after its decision to prepare an environmental
impact statement and before the scoping process the lead agency shall
publish a notice of intent (Sec. 1508.22) in the Federal Register
except as provided in Sec. 1507.3(e).
(a) As part of the scoping process the lead agency shall:
(1) Invite the participation of affected Federal, State, and local
agencies, any affected Indian tribe, the proponent of the action, and
other interested persons (including those who might not be in accord
with the action on environmental grounds), unless there is a limited
exception under Sec. 1507.3(c). An agency may give notice in accordance
with Sec. 1506.6.
(2) Determine the scope (Sec. 1508.25) and the significant issues
to be analyzed in depth in the environmental impact statement.
(3) Identify and eliminate from detailed study the issues which are
not significant or which have been covered by prior environmental review
(Sec. 1506.3), narrowing the discussion of these issues in the
statement to a brief presentation of why they will not have a
significant effect on the human environment or providing a reference to
their coverage elsewhere.
(4) Allocate assignments for preparation of the environmental impact
statement among the lead and cooperating agencies, with the lead agency
retaining responsibility for the statement.
(5) Indicate any public environmental assessments and other
environmental impact statements which are being or will be prepared that
are related to but are not part of the scope of the impact statement
under consideration.
(6) Identify other environmental review and consultation
requirements so the lead and cooperating agencies may prepare other
required analyses and studies concurrently with, and integrated with,
the environmental impact statement as provided in Sec. 1502.25.
(7) Indicate the relationship between the timing of the preparation
of environmental analyses and the agency's tentative planning and
decisionmaking schedule.
(b) As part of the scoping process the lead agency may:
(1) Set page limits on environmental documents (Sec. 1502.7).
(2) Set time limits (Sec. 1501.8).
(3) Adopt procedures under Sec. 1507.3 to combine its environmental
assessment process with its scoping process.
(4) Hold an early scoping meeting or meetings which may be
integrated with any other early planning meeting the agency has. Such a
scoping meeting will often be appropriate when the impacts of a
particular action are confined to specific sites.
(c) An agency shall revise the determinations made under paragraphs
(a) and (b) of this section if substantial changes are made later in the
proposed

[[Page 981]]

action, or if significant new circumstances or information arise which
bear on the proposal or its impacts.

Sec. 1501.8 Time limits.

Although the Council has decided that prescribed universal time
limits for the entire NEPA process are too inflexible, Federal agencies
are encouraged to set time limits appropriate to individual actions
(consistent with the time intervals required by Sec. 1506.10). When
multiple agencies are involved the reference to agency below means lead
agency.
(a) The agency shall set time limits if an applicant for the
proposed action requests them: Provided, That the limits are consistent
with the purposes of NEPA and other essential considerations of national
policy.
(b) The agency may:
(1) Consider the following factors in determining time limits:
(i) Potential for environmental harm.
(ii) Size of the proposed action.
(iii) State of the art of analytic techniques.
(iv) Degree of public need for the proposed action, including the
consequences of delay.
(v) Number of persons and agencies affected.
(vi) Degree to which relevant information is known and if not known
the time required for obtaining it.
(vii) Degree to which the action is controversial.
(viii) Other time limits imposed on the agency by law, regulations,
or executive order.
(2) Set overall time limits or limits for each constituent part of
the NEPA process, which may include:
(i) Decision on whether to prepare an environmental impact statement
(if not already decided).
(ii) Determination of the scope of the environmental impact
statement.
(iii) Preparation of the draft environmental impact statement.
(iv) Review of any comments on the draft environmental impact
statement from the public and agencies.
(v) Preparation of the final environmental impact statement.
(vi) Review of any comments on the final environmental impact
statement.
(vii) Decision on the action based in part on the environmental
impact statement.
(3) Designate a person (such as the project manager or a person in
the agency's office with NEPA responsibilities) to expedite the NEPA
process.
(c) State or local agencies or members of the public may request a
Federal Agency to set time limits.

PART 1502_ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT--Table of Contents

Sec.
1502.1 Purpose.
1502.2 Implementation.
1502.3 Statutory requirements for statements.
1502.4 Major Federal actions requiring the preparation of environmental
impact statements.
1502.5 Timing.
1502.6 Interdisciplinary preparation.
1502.7 Page limits.
1502.8 Writing.
1502.9 Draft, final, and supplemental statements.
1502.10 Recommended format.
1502.11 Cover sheet.
1502.12 Summary.
1502.13 Purpose and need.
1502.14 Alternatives including the proposed action.
1502.15 Affected environment.
1502.16 Environmental consequences.
1502.17 List of preparers.
1502.18 Appendix.
1502.19 Circulation of the environmental impact statement.
1502.20 Tiering.
1502.21 Incorporation by reference.
1502.22 Incomplete or unavailable information.
1502.23 Cost-benefit analysis.
1502.24 Methodology and scientific accuracy.
1502.25 Environmental review and consultation requirements.

Authority: NEPA, the Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970,
as amended (42 U.S.C. 4371 et seq.), sec. 309 of the Clean Air Act, as
amended (42 U.S.C. 7609), and E.O. 11514 (Mar. 5, 1970, as amended by
E.O. 11991, May 24, 1977).

Source: 43 FR 55994, Nov. 29, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1502.1 Purpose.

The primary purpose of an environmental impact statement is to serve
as an action-forcing device to insure that the policies and goals
defined in the

[[Page 982]]

Act are infused into the ongoing programs and actions of the Federal
Government. It shall provide full and fair discussion of significant
environmental impacts and shall inform decisionmakers and the public of
the reasonable alternatives which would avoid or minimize adverse
impacts or enhance the quality of the human environment. Agencies shall
focus on significant environmental issues and alternatives and shall
reduce paperwork and the accumulation of extraneous background data.
Statements shall be concise, clear, and to the point, and shall be
supported by evidence that the agency has made the necessary
environmental analyses. An environmental impact statement is more than a
disclosure document. It shall be used by Federal officials in
conjunction with other relevant material to plan actions and make
decisions.

Sec. 1502.2 Implementation.

To achieve the purposes set forth in Sec. 1502.1 agencies shall
prepare environmental impact statements in the following manner:
(a) Environmental impact statements shall be analytic rather than
encyclopedic.
(b) Impacts shall be discussed in proportion to their significance.
There shall be only brief discussion of other than significant issues.
As in a finding of no significant impact, there should be only enough
discussion to show why more study is not warranted.
(c) Environmental impact statements shall be kept concise and shall
be no longer than absolutely necessary to comply with NEPA and with
these regulations. Length should vary first with potential environmental
problems and then with project size.
(d) Environmental impact statements shall state how alternatives
considered in it and decisions based on it will or will not achieve the
requirements of sections 101 and 102(1) of the Act and other
environmental laws and policies.
(e) The range of alternatives discussed in environmental impact
statements shall encompass those to be considered by the ultimate agency
decisionmaker.
(f) Agencies shall not commit resources prejudicing selection of
alternatives before making a final decision (Sec. 1506.1).
(g) Environmental impact statements shall serve as the means of
assessing the environmental impact of proposed agency actions, rather
than justifying decisions already made.

Sec. 1502.3 Statutory requirements for statements.

As required by sec. 102(2)(C) of NEPA environmental impact
statements (Sec. 1508.11) are to be included in every recommendation or
report.
On proposals (Sec. 1508.23).
For legislation and (Sec. 1508.17).
Other major Federal actions (Sec. 1508.18).
Significantly (Sec. 1508.27).
Affecting (Sec. Sec. 1508.3, 1508.8).
The quality of the human environment (Sec. 1508.14).

Sec. 1502.4 Major Federal actions requiring the preparation of environmental

impact statements.

(a) Agencies shall make sure the proposal which is the subject of an
environmental impact statement is properly defined. Agencies shall use
the criteria for scope (Sec. 1508.25) to determine which proposal(s)
shall be the subject of a particular statement. Proposals or parts of
proposals which are related to each other closely enough to be, in
effect, a single course of action shall be evaluated in a single impact
statement.
(b) Environmental impact statements may be prepared, and are
sometimes required, for broad Federal actions such as the adoption of
new agency programs or regulations (Sec. 1508.18). Agencies shall
prepare statements on broad actions so that they are relevant to policy
and are timed to coincide with meaningful points in agency planning and
decisionmaking.
(c) When preparing statements on broad actions (including proposals
by more than one agency), agencies may find it useful to evaluate the
proposal(s) in one of the following ways:
(1) Geographically, including actions occurring in the same general
location, such as body of water, region, or metropolitan area.
(2) Generically, including actions which have relevant similarities,
such

[[Page 983]]

as common timing, impacts, alternatives, methods of implementation,
media, or subject matter.
(3) By stage of technological development including federal or
federally assisted research, development or demonstration programs for
new technologies which, if applied, could significantly affect the
quality of the human environment. Statements shall be prepared on such
programs and shall be available before the program has reached a stage
of investment or commitment to implementation likely to determine
subsequent development or restrict later alternatives.
(d) Agencies shall as appropriate employ scoping (Sec. 1501.7),
tiering (Sec. 1502.20), and other methods listed in Sec. Sec. 1500.4
and 1500.5 to relate broad and narrow actions and to avoid duplication
and delay.

Sec. 1502.5 Timing.

An agency shall commence preparation of an environmental impact
statement as close as possible to the time the agency is developing or
is presented with a proposal (Sec. 1508.23) so that preparation can be
completed in time for the final statement to be included in any
recommendation or report on the proposal. The statement shall be
prepared early enough so that it can serve practically as an important
contribution to the decisionmaking process and will not be used to
rationalize or justify decisions already made (Sec. Sec. 1500.2(c),
1501.2, and 1502.2). For instance:
(a) For projects directly undertaken by Federal agencies the
environmental impact statement shall be prepared at the feasibility
analysis (go-no go) stage and may be supplemented at a later stage if
necessary.
(b) For applications to the agency appropriate environmental
assessments or statements shall be commenced no later than immediately
after the application is received. Federal agencies are encouraged to
begin preparation of such assessments or statements earlier, preferably
jointly with applicable State or local agencies.
(c) For adjudication, the final environmental impact statement shall
normally precede the final staff recommendation and that portion of the
public hearing related to the impact study. In appropriate circumstances
the statement may follow preliminary hearings designed to gather
information for use in the statements.
(d) For informal rulemaking the draft environmental impact statement
shall normally accompany the proposed rule.

Sec. 1502.6 Interdisciplinary preparation.

Environmental impact statements shall be prepared using an inter-
disciplinary approach which will insure the integrated use of the
natural and social sciences and the environmental design arts (section
102(2)(A) of the Act). The disciplines of the preparers shall be
appropriate to the scope and issues identified in the scoping process
(Sec. 1501.7).

Sec. 1502.7 Page limits.

The text of final environmental impact statements (e.g., paragraphs
(d) through (g) of Sec. 1502.10) shall normally be less than 150 pages
and for proposals of unusual scope or complexity shall normally be less
than 300 pages.

Sec. 1502.8 Writing.

Environmental impact statements shall be written in plain language
and may use appropriate graphics so that decisionmakers and the public
can readily understand them. Agencies should employ writers of clear
prose or editors to write, review, or edit statements, which will be
based upon the analysis and supporting data from the natural and social
sciences and the environmental design arts.

Sec. 1502.9 Draft, final, and supplemental statements.

Except for proposals for legislation as provided in Sec. 1506.8
environmental impact statements shall be prepared in two stages and may
be supplemented.
(a) Draft environmental impact statements shall be prepared in
accordance with the scope decided upon in the scoping process. The lead
agency shall work with the cooperating agencies and shall obtain
comments as required in part 1503 of this chapter. The draft statement
must fulfill and satisfy to the fullest extent possible the requirements
established for final statements

[[Page 984]]

in section 102(2)(C) of the Act. If a draft statement is so inadequate
as to preclude meaningful analysis, the agency shall prepare and
circulate a revised draft of the appropriate portion. The agency shall
make every effort to disclose and discuss at appropriate points in the
draft statement all major points of view on the environmental impacts of
the alternatives including the proposed action.
(b) Final environmental impact statements shall respond to comments
as required in part 1503 of this chapter. The agency shall discuss at
appropriate points in the final statement any responsible opposing view
which was not adequately discussed in the draft statement and shall
indicate the agency's response to the issues raised.
(c) Agencies:
(1) Shall prepare supplements to either draft or final environmental
impact statements if:
(i) The agency makes substantial changes in the proposed action that
are relevant to environmental concerns; or
(ii) There are significant new circumstances or information relevant
to environmental concerns and bearing on the proposed action or its
impacts.
(2) May also prepare supplements when the agency determines that the
purposes of the Act will be furthered by doing so.
(3) Shall adopt procedures for introducing a supplement into its
formal administrative record, if such a record exists.
(4) Shall prepare, circulate, and file a supplement to a statement
in the same fashion (exclusive of scoping) as a draft and final
statement unless alternative procedures are approved by the Council.

Sec. 1502.10 Recommended format.

Agencies shall use a format for environmental impact statements
which will encourage good analysis and clear presentation of the
alternatives including the proposed action. The following standard
format for environmental impact statements should be followed unless the
agency determines that there is a compelling reason to do otherwise:
(a) Cover sheet.
(b) Summary.
(c) Table of contents.
(d) Purpose of and need for action.
(e) Alternatives including proposed action (sections 102(2)(C)(iii)
and 102(2)(E) of the Act).
(f) Affected environment.
(g) Environmental consequences (especially sections 102(2)(C)(i),
(ii), (iv), and (v) of the Act).
(h) List of preparers.
(i) List of Agencies, Organizations, and persons to whom copies of
the statement are sent.
(j) Index.
(k) Appendices (if any).

If a different format is used, it shall include paragraphs (a), (b),
(c), (h), (i), and (j), of this section and shall include the substance
of paragraphs (d), (e), (f), (g), and (k) of this section, as further
described in Sec. Sec. 1502.11 through 1502.18, in any appropriate
format.

Sec. 1502.11 Cover sheet.

The cover sheet shall not exceed one page. It shall include:
(a) A list of the responsible agencies including the lead agency and
any cooperating agencies.
(b) The title of the proposed action that is the subject of the
statement (and if appropriate the titles of related cooperating agency
actions), together with the State(s) and county(ies) (or other
jurisdiction if applicable) where the action is located.
(c) The name, address, and telephone number of the person at the
agency who can supply further information.
(d) A designation of the statement as a draft, final, or draft or
final supplement.
(e) A one paragraph abstract of the statement.
(f) The date by which comments must be received (computed in
cooperation with EPA under Sec. 1506.10).

The information required by this section may be entered on Standard Form
424 (in items 4, 6, 7, 10, and 18).

Sec. 1502.12 Summary.

Each environmental impact statement shall contain a summary which
adequately and accurately summarizes the statement. The summary shall
stress the major conclusions, areas of controversy (including issues
raised by agencies and the public), and the issues to be resolved
(including the choice

[[Page 985]]

among alternatives). The summary will normally not exceed 15 pages.

Sec. 1502.13 Purpose and need.

The statement shall briefly specify the underlying purpose and need
to which the agency is responding in proposing the alternatives
including the proposed action.

Sec. 1502.14 Alternatives including the proposed action.

This section is the heart of the environmental impact statement.
Based on the information and analysis presented in the sections on the
Affected Environment (Sec. 1502.15) and the Environmental Consequences
(Sec. 1502.16), it should present the environmental impacts of the
proposal and the alternatives in comparative form, thus sharply defining
the issues and providing a clear basis for choice among options by the
decisionmaker and the public. In this section agencies shall:
(a) Rigorously explore and objectively evaluate all reasonable
alternatives, and for alternatives which were eliminated from detailed
study, briefly discuss the reasons for their having been eliminated.
(b) Devote substantial treatment to each alternative considered in
detail including the proposed action so that reviewers may evaluate
their comparative merits.
(c) Include reasonable alternatives not within the jurisdiction of
the lead agency.
(d) Include the alternative of no action.
(e) Identify the agency's preferred alternative or alternatives, if
one or more exists, in the draft statement and identify such alternative
in the final statement unless another law prohibits the expression of
such a preference.
(f) Include appropriate mitigation measures not already included in
the proposed action or alternatives.

Sec. 1502.15 Affected environment.

The environmental impact statement shall succinctly describe the
environment of the area(s) to be affected or created by the alternatives
under consideration. The descriptions shall be no longer than is
necessary to understand the effects of the alternatives. Data and
analyses in a statement shall be commensurate with the importance of the
impact, with less important material summarized, consolidated, or simply
referenced. Agencies shall avoid useless bulk in statements and shall
concentrate effort and attention on important issues. Verbose
descriptions of the affected environment are themselves no measure of
the adequacy of an environmental impact statement.

Sec. 1502.16 Environmental consequences.

This section forms the scientific and analytic basis for the
comparisons under Sec. 1502.14. It shall consolidate the discussions of
those elements required by sections 102(2)(C)(i), (ii), (iv), and (v) of
NEPA which are within the scope of the statement and as much of section
102(2)(C)(iii) as is necessary to support the comparisons. The
discussion will include the environmental impacts of the alternatives
including the proposed action, any adverse environmental effects which
cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented, the relationship
between short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and
enhancement of long-term productivity, and any irreversible or
irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the
proposal should it be implemented. This section should not duplicate
discussions in Sec. 1502.14. It shall include discussions of:
(a) Direct effects and their significance (Sec. 1508.8).
(b) Indirect effects and their significance (Sec. 1508.8).
(c) Possible conflicts between the proposed action and the
objectives of Federal, regional, State, and local (and in the case of a
reservation, Indian tribe) land use plans, policies and controls for the
area concerned. (See Sec. 1506.2(d).)
(d) The environmental effects of alternatives including the proposed
action. The comparisons under Sec. 1502.14 will be based on this
discussion.
(e) Energy requirements and conservation potential of various
alternatives and mitigation measures.
(f) Natural or depletable resource requirements and conservation
potential of various alternatives and mitigation measures.

[[Page 986]]

(g) Urban quality, historic and cultural resources, and the design
of the built environment, including the reuse and conservation potential
of various alternatives and mitigation measures.
(h) Means to mitigate adverse environmental impacts (if not fully
covered under Sec. 1502.14(f)).

[43 FR 55994, Nov. 29, 1978; 44 FR 873, Jan. 3, 1979]

Sec. 1502.17 List of preparers.

The environmental impact statement shall list the names, together
with their qualifications (expertise, experience, professional
disciplines), of the persons who were primarily responsible for
preparing the environmental impact statement or significant background
papers, including basic components of the statement (Sec. Sec. 1502.6
and 1502.8). Where possible the persons who are responsible for a
particular analysis, including analyses in background papers, shall be
identified. Normally the list will not exceed two pages.

Sec. 1502.18 Appendix.

If an agency prepares an appendix to an environmental impact
statement the appendix shall:
(a) Consist of material prepared in connection with an environmental
impact statement (as distinct from material which is not so prepared and
which is incorporated by reference (Sec. 1502.21)).
(b) Normally consist of material which substantiates any analysis
fundamental to the impact statement.
(c) Normally be analytic and relevant to the decision to be made.
(d) Be circulated with the environmental impact statement or be
readily available on request.

Sec. 1502.19 Circulation of the environmental impact statement.

Agencies shall circulate the entire draft and final environmental
impact statements except for certain appendices as provided in Sec.
1502.18(d) and unchanged statements as provided in Sec. 1503.4(c).
However, if the statement is unusually long, the agency may circulate
the summary instead, except that the entire statement shall be furnished
to:
(a) Any Federal agency which has jurisdiction by law or special
expertise with respect to any environmental impact involved and any
appropriate Federal, State or local agency authorized to develop and
enforce environmental standards.
(b) The applicant, if any.
(c) Any person, organization, or agency requesting the entire
environmental impact statement.
(d) In the case of a final environmental impact statement any
person, organization, or agency which submitted substantive comments on
the draft.

If the agency circulates the summary and thereafter receives a timely
request for the entire statement and for additional time to comment, the
time for that requestor only shall be extended by at least 15 days
beyond the minimum period.

Sec. 1502.20 Tiering.

Agencies are encouraged to tier their environmental impact
statements to eliminate repetitive discussions of the same issues and to
focus on the actual issues ripe for decision at each level of
environmental review (Sec. 1508.28). Whenever a broad environmental
impact statement has been prepared (such as a program or policy
statement) and a subsequent statement or environmental assessment is
then prepared on an action included within the entire program or policy
(such as a site specific action) the subsequent statement or
environmental assessment need only summarize the issues discussed in the
broader statement and incorporate discussions from the broader statement
by reference and shall concentrate on the issues specific to the
subsequent action. The subsequent document shall state where the earlier
document is available. Tiering may also be appropriate for different
stages of actions. (Section 1508.28).

Sec. 1502.21 Incorporation by reference.

Agencies shall incorporate material into an environmental impact
statement by reference when the effect will be to cut down on bulk
without impeding agency and public review of the action. The
incorporated material shall be cited in the statement and its content
briefly described. No material

[[Page 987]]

may be incorporated by reference unless it is reasonably available for
inspection by potentially interested persons within the time allowed for
comment. Material based on proprietary data which is itself not
available for review and comment shall not be incorporated by reference.

Sec. 1502.22 Incomplete or unavailable information.

When an agency is evaluating reasonably foreseeable significant
adverse effects on the human environment in an environmental impact
statement and there is incomplete or unavailable information, the agency
shall always make clear that such information is lacking.
(a) If the incomplete information relevant to reasonably foreseeable
significant adverse impacts is essential to a reasoned choice among
alternatives and the overall costs of obtaining it are not exorbitant,
the agency shall include the information in the environmental impact
statement.
(b) If the information relevant to reasonably foreseeable
significant adverse impacts cannot be obtained because the overall costs
of obtaining it are exorbitant or the means to obtain it are not known,
the agency shall include within the environmental impact statement:
(1) A statement that such information is incomplete or unavailable;
(2) a statement of the relevance of the incomplete or unavailable
information to evaluating reasonably foreseeable significant adverse
impacts on the human environment; (3) a summary of existing credible
scientific evidence which is relevant to evaluating the reasonably
foreseeable significant adverse impacts on the human environment, and
(4) the agency's evaluation of such impacts based upon theoretical
approaches or research methods generally accepted in the scientific
community. For the purposes of this section, ``reasonably foreseeable''
includes impacts which have catastrophic consequences, even if their
probability of occurrence is low, provided that the analysis of the
impacts is supported by credible scientific evidence, is not based on
pure conjecture, and is within the rule of reason.
(c) The amended regulation will be applicable to all environmental
impact statements for which a Notice of Intent (40 CFR 1508.22) is
published in the Federal Register on or after May 27, 1986. For
environmental impact statements in progress, agencies may choose to
comply with the requirements of either the original or amended
regulation.

[51 FR 15625, Apr. 25, 1986]

Sec. 1502.23 Cost-benefit analysis.

If a cost-benefit analysis relevant to the choice among
environmentally different alternatives is being considered for the
proposed action, it shall be incorporated by reference or appended to
the statement as an aid in evaluating the environmental consequences. To
assess the adequacy of compliance with section 102(2)(B) of the Act the
statement shall, when a cost-benefit analysis is prepared, discuss the
relationship between that analysis and any analyses of unquantified
environmental impacts, values, and amenities. For purposes of complying
with the Act, the weighing of the merits and drawbacks of the various
alternatives need not be displayed in a monetary cost-benefit analysis
and should not be when there are important qualitative considerations.
In any event, an environmental impact statement should at least indicate
those considerations, including factors not related to environmental
quality, which are likely to be relevant and important to a decision.

Sec. 1502.24 Methodology and scientific accuracy.

Agencies shall insure the professional integrity, including
scientific integrity, of the discussions and analyses in environmental
impact statements. They shall identify any methodologies used and shall
make explicit reference by footnote to the scientific and other sources
relied upon for conclusions in the statement. An agency may place
discussion of methodology in an appendix.

[[Page 988]]

Sec. 1502.25 Environmental review and consultation requirements.

(a) To the fullest extent possible, agencies shall prepare draft
environmental impact statements concurrently with and integrated with
environmental impact analyses and related surveys and studies required
by the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.), the
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.), the
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), and other
environmental review laws and executive orders.
(b) The draft environmental impact statement shall list all Federal
permits, licenses, and other entitlements which must be obtained in
implementing the proposal. If it is uncertain whether a Federal permit,
license, or other entitlement is necessary, the draft environmental
impact statement shall so indicate.

PART 1503_COMMENTING--Table of Contents

Sec.
1503.1 Inviting comments.
1503.2 Duty to comment.
1503.3 Specificity of comments.
1503.4 Response to comments.

Source: 43 FR 55997, Nov. 29, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1503.1 Inviting comments.

(a) After preparing a draft environmental impact statement and
before preparing a final environmental impact statement the agency
shall:
(1) Obtain the comments of any Federal agency which has jurisdiction
by law or special expertise with respect to any environmental impact
involved or which is authorized to develop and enforce environmental
standards.
(2) Request the comments of:
(i) Appropriate State and local agencies which are authorized to
develop and enforce environmental standards;
(ii) Indian tribes, when the effects may be on a reservation; and
(iii) Any agency which has requested that it receive statements on
actions of the kind proposed.

Office of Management and Budget Circular A-95 (Revised), through its
system of clearinghouses, provides a means of securing the views of
State and local environmental agencies. The clearinghouses may be used,
by mutual agreement of the lead agency and the clearinghouse, for
securing State and local reviews of the draft environmental impact
statements.
(3) Request comments from the applicant, if any.
(4) Request comments from the public, affirmatively soliciting
comments from those persons or organizations who may be interested or
affected.
(b) An agency may request comments on a final environmental impact
statement before the decision is finally made. In any case other
agencies or persons may make comments before the final decision unless a
different time is provided under Sec. 1506.10.

Sec. 1503.2 Duty to comment.

Federal agencies with jurisdiction by law or special expertise with
respect to any environmental impact involved and agencies which are
authorized to develop and enforce environmental standards shall comment
on statements within their jurisdiction, expertise, or authority.
Agencies shall comment within the time period specified for comment in
Sec. 1506.10. A Federal agency may reply that it has no comment. If a
cooperating agency is satisfied that its views are adequately reflected
in the environmental impact statement, it should reply that it has no
comment.

Sec. 1503.3 Specificity of comments.

(a) Comments on an environmental impact statement or on a proposed
action shall be as specific as possible and may address either the
adequacy of the statement or the merits of the alternatives discussed or
both.
(b) When a commenting agency criticizes a lead agency's predictive
methodology, the commenting agency should describe the alternative
methodology which it prefers and why.

[[Page 989]]

(c) A cooperating agency shall specify in its comments whether it
needs additional information to fulfill other applicable environmental
reviews or consultation requirements and what information it needs. In
particular, it shall specify any additional information it needs to
comment adequately on the draft statement's analysis of significant
site-specific effects associated with the granting or approving by that
cooperating agency of necessary Federal permits, licenses, or
entitlements.
(d) When a cooperating agency with jurisdiction by law objects to or
expresses reservations about the proposal on grounds of environmental
impacts, the agency expressing the objection or reservation shall
specify the mitigation measures it considers necessary to allow the
agency to grant or approve applicable permit, license, or related
requirements or concurrences.

Sec. 1503.4 Response to comments.

(a) An agency preparing a final environmental impact statement shall
assess and consider comments both individually and collectively, and
shall respond by one or more of the means listed below, stating its
response in the final statement. Possible responses are to:
(1) Modify alternatives including the proposed action.
(2) Develop and evaluate alternatives not previously given serious
consideration by the agency.
(3) Supplement, improve, or modify its analyses.
(4) Make factual corrections.
(5) Explain why the comments do not warrant further agency response,
citing the sources, authorities, or reasons which support the agency's
position and, if appropriate, indicate those circumstances which would
trigger agency reappraisal or further response.
(b) All substantive comments received on the draft statement (or
summaries thereof where the response has been exceptionally voluminous),
should be attached to the final statement whether or not the comment is
thought to merit individual discussion by the agency in the text of the
statement.
(c) If changes in response to comments are minor and are confined to
the responses described in paragraphs (a)(4) and (5) of this section,
agencies may write them on errata sheets and attach them to the
statement instead of rewriting the draft statement. In such cases only
the comments, the responses, and the changes and not the final statement
need be circulated (Sec. 1502.19). The entire document with a new cover
sheet shall be filed as the final statement (Sec. 1506.9).

PART 1504_PREDECISION REFERRALS TO THE COUNCIL OF PROPOSED FEDERAL ACTIONS

DETERMINED TO BE ENVIRONMENTALLY UNSATISFACTORY--Table of Contents

Sec.
1504.1 Purpose.
1504.2 Criteria for referral.
1504.3 Procedure for referrals and response.

Sec. 1504.1 Purpose.

(a) This part establishes procedures for referring to the Council
Federal interagency disagreements concerning proposed major Federal
actions that might cause unsatisfactory environmental effects. It
provides means for early resolution of such disagreements.
(b) Under section 309 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7609), the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency is directed to
review and comment publicly on the environmental impacts of Federal
activities, including actions for which environmental impact statements
are prepared. If after this review the Administrator determines that the
matter is ``unsatisfactory from the standpoint of public health or
welfare or environmental quality,'' section 309 directs that the matter
be referred to the Council (hereafter ``environmental referrals'').
(c) Under section 102(2)(C) of the Act other Federal agencies may
make similar reviews of environmental impact statements, including
judgments on the acceptability of anticipated environmental impacts.
These reviews

[[Page 990]]

must be made available to the President, the Council and the public.

[43 FR 55998, Nov. 29, 1978]

Sec. 1504.2 Criteria for referral.

Environmental referrals should be made to the Council only after
concerted, timely (as early as possible in the process), but
unsuccessful attempts to resolve differences with the lead agency. In
determining what environmental objections to the matter are appropriate
to refer to the Council, an agency should weigh potential adverse
environmental impacts, considering:
(a) Possible violation of national environmental standards or
policies.
(b) Severity.
(c) Geographical scope.
(d) Duration.
(e) Importance as precedents.
(f) Availability of environmentally preferable alternatives.

[43 FR 55998, Nov. 29, 1978]

Sec. 1504.3 Procedure for referrals and response.

(a) A Federal agency making the referral to the Council shall:
(1) Advise the lead agency at the earliest possible time that it
intends to refer a matter to the Council unless a satisfactory agreement
is reached.
(2) Include such advice in the referring agency's comments on the
draft environmental impact statement, except when the statement does not
contain adequate information to permit an assessment of the matter's
environmental acceptability.
(3) Identify any essential information that is lacking and request
that it be made available at the earliest possible time.
(4) Send copies of such advice to the Council.
(b) The referring agency shall deliver its referral to the Council
not later than twenty-five (25) days after the final environmental
impact statement has been made available to the Environmental Protection
Agency, commenting agencies, and the public. Except when an extension of
this period has been granted by the lead agency, the Council will not
accept a referral after that date.
(c) The referral shall consist of:
(1) A copy of the letter signed by the head of the referring agency
and delivered to the lead agency informing the lead agency of the
referral and the reasons for it, and requesting that no action be taken
to implement the matter until the Council acts upon the referral. The
letter shall include a copy of the statement referred to in (c)(2) of
this section.
(2) A statement supported by factual evidence leading to the
conclusion that the matter is unsatisfactory from the standpoint of
public health or welfare or environmental quality. The statement shall:
(i) Identify any material facts in controversy and incorporate (by
reference if appropriate) agreed upon facts,
(ii) Identify any existing environmental requirements or policies
which would be violated by the matter,
(iii) Present the reasons why the referring agency believes the
matter is environmentally unsatisfactory,
(iv) Contain a finding by the agency whether the issue raised is of
national importance because of the threat to national environmental
resources or policies or for some other reason,
(v) Review the steps taken by the referring agency to bring its
concerns to the attention of the lead agency at the earliest possible
time, and
(vi) Give the referring agency's recommendations as to what
mitigation alternative, further study, or other course of action
(including abandonment of the matter) are necessary to remedy the
situation.
(d) Not later than twenty-five (25) days after the referral to the
Council the lead agency may deliver a response to the Council, and the
referring agency. If the lead agency requests more time and gives
assurance that the matter will not go forward in the interim, the
Council may grant an extension. The response shall:
(1) Address fully the issues raised in the referral.
(2) Be supported by evidence.
(3) Give the lead agency's response to the referring agency's
recommendations.
(e) Interested persons (including the applicant) may deliver their
views in writing to the Council. Views in support of the referral should
be delivered

[[Page 991]]

not later than the referral. Views in support of the response shall be
delivered not later than the response.
(f) Not later than twenty-five (25) days after receipt of both the
referral and any response or upon being informed that there will be no
response (unless the lead agency agrees to a longer time), the Council
may take one or more of the following actions:
(1) Conclude that the process of referral and response has
successfully resolved the problem.
(2) Initiate discussions with the agencies with the objective of
mediation with referring and lead agencies.
(3) Hold public meetings or hearings to obtain additional views and
information.
(4) Determine that the issue is not one of national importance and
request the referring and lead agencies to pursue their decision
process.
(5) Determine that the issue should be further negotiated by the
referring and lead agencies and is not appropriate for Council
consideration until one or more heads of agencies report to the Council
that the agencies' disagreements are irreconcilable.
(6) Publish its findings and recommendations (including where
appropriate a finding that the submitted evidence does not support the
position of an agency).
(7) When appropriate, submit the referral and the response together
with the Council's recommendation to the President for action.
(g) The Council shall take no longer than 60 days to complete the
actions specified in paragraph (f)(2), (3), or (5) of this section.
(h) When the referral involves an action required by statute to be
determined on the record after opportunity for agency hearing, the
referral shall be conducted in a manner consistent with 5 U.S.C. 557(d)
(Administrative Procedure Act).

[43 FR 55998, Nov. 29, 1978; 44 FR 873, Jan. 3, 1979]

PART 1505_NEPA AND AGENCY DECISIONMAKING--Table of Contents

Sec.
1505.1 Agency decisionmaking procedures.
1505.2 Record of decision in cases requiring environmental impact
statements.
1505.3 Implementing the decision.

Source: 43 FR 55999, Nov. 29, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1505.1 Agency decisionmaking procedures.

Agencies shall adopt procedures (Sec. 1507.3) to ensure that
decisions are made in accordance with the policies and purposes of the
Act. Such procedures shall include but not be limited to:
(a) Implementing procedures under section 102(2) to achieve the
requirements of sections 101 and 102(1).
(b) Designating the major decision points for the agency's principal
programs likely to have a significant effect on the human environment
and assuring that the NEPA process corresponds with them.
(c) Requiring that relevant environmental documents, comments, and
responses be part of the record in formal rulemaking or adjudicatory
proceedings.
(d) Requiring that relevant environmental documents, comments, and
responses accompany the proposal through existing agency review
processes so that agency officials use the statement in making
decisions.
(e) Requiring that the alternatives considered by the decisionmaker
are encompassed by the range of alternatives discussed in the relevant
environmental documents and that the decisionmaker consider the
alternatives described in the environmental impact statement. If another
decision document accompanies the relevant environmental documents to
the decisionmaker, agencies are encouraged to make available to the
public before the decision is made any part of that document that
relates to the comparison of alternatives.

[[Page 992]]

Sec. 1505.2 Record of decision in cases requiring environmental impact

statements.

At the time of its decision (Sec. 1506.10) or, if appropriate, its
recommendation to Congress, each agency shall prepare a concise public
record of decision. The record, which may be integrated into any other
record prepared by the agency, including that required by OMB Circular
A-95 (Revised), part I, sections 6(c) and (d), and part II, section
5(b)(4), shall:
(a) State what the decision was.
(b) Identify all alternatives considered by the agency in reaching
its decision, specifying the alternative or alternatives which were
considered to be environmentally preferable. An agency may discuss
preferences among alternatives based on relevant factors including
economic and technical considerations and agency statutory missions. An
agency shall identify and discuss all such factors including any
essential considerations of national policy which were balanced by the
agency in making its decision and state how those considerations entered
into its decision.
(c) State whether all practicable means to avoid or minimize
environmental harm from the alternative selected have been adopted, and
if not, why they were not. A monitoring and enforcement program shall be
adopted and summarized where applicable for any mitigation.

Sec. 1505.3 Implementing the decision.

Agencies may provide for monitoring to assure that their decisions
are carried out and should do so in important cases. Mitigation (Sec.
1505.2(c)) and other conditions established in the environmental impact
statement or during its review and committed as part of the decision
shall be implemented by the lead agency or other appropriate consenting
agency. The lead agency shall:
(a) Include appropriate conditions in grants, permits or other
approvals.
(b) Condition funding of actions on mitigation.
(c) Upon request, inform cooperating or commenting agencies on
progress in carrying out mitigation measures which they have proposed
and which were adopted by the agency making the decision.
(d) Upon request, make available to the public the results of
relevant monitoring.

PART 1506_OTHER REQUIREMENTS OF NEPA--Table of Contents

Sec.
1506.1 Limitations on actions during NEPA process.
1506.2 Elimination of duplication with State and local procedures.
1506.3 Adoption.
1506.4 Combining documents.
1506.5 Agency responsibility.
1506.6 Public involvement.
1506.7 Further guidance.
1506.8 Proposals for legislation.
1506.9 Filing requirements.
1506.10 Timing of agency action.
1506.11 Emergencies.
1506.12 Effective date.

Source: 43 FR 56000, Nov. 29, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1506.1 Limitations on actions during NEPA process.

(a) Until an agency issues a record of decision as provided in Sec.
1505.2 (except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section), no action
concerning the proposal shall be taken which would:
(1) Have an adverse environmental impact; or
(2) Limit the choice of reasonable alternatives.
(b) If any agency is considering an application from a non-Federal
entity, and is aware that the applicant is about to take an action
within the agency's jurisdiction that would meet either of the criteria
in paragraph (a) of this section, then the agency shall promptly notify
the applicant that the agency will take appropriate action to insure
that the objectives and procedures of NEPA are achieved.
(c) While work on a required program environmental impact statement
is in progress and the action is not covered by an existing program
statement,

[[Page 993]]

agencies shall not undertake in the interim any major Federal action
covered by the program which may significantly affect the quality of the
human environment unless such action:
(1) Is justified independently of the program;
(2) Is itself accompanied by an adequate environmental impact
statement; and
(3) Will not prejudice the ultimate decision on the program. Interim
action prejudices the ultimate decision on the program when it tends to
determine subsequent development or limit alternatives.
(d) This section does not preclude development by applicants of
plans or designs or performance of other work necessary to support an
application for Federal, State or local permits or assistance. Nothing
in this section shall preclude Rural Electrification Administration
approval of minimal expenditures not affecting the environment (e.g.
long leadtime equipment and purchase options) made by non-governmental
entities seeking loan guarantees from the Administration.

Sec. 1506.2 Elimination of duplication with State and local procedures.

(a) Agencies authorized by law to cooperate with State agencies of
statewide jurisdiction pursuant to section 102(2)(D) of the Act may do
so.
(b) Agencies shall cooperate with State and local agencies to the
fullest extent possible to reduce duplication between NEPA and State and
local requirements, unless the agencies are specifically barred from
doing so by some other law. Except for cases covered by paragraph (a) of
this section, such cooperation shall to the fullest extent possible
include:
(1) Joint planning processes.
(2) Joint environmental research and studies.
(3) Joint public hearings (except where otherwise provided by
statute).
(4) Joint environmental assessments.
(c) Agencies shall cooperate with State and local agencies to the
fullest extent possible to reduce duplication between NEPA and
comparable State and local requirements, unless the agencies are
specifically barred from doing so by some other law. Except for cases
covered by paragraph (a) of this section, such cooperation shall to the
fullest extent possible include joint environmental impact statements.
In such cases one or more Federal agencies and one or more State or
local agencies shall be joint lead agencies. Where State laws or local
ordinances have environmental impact statement requirements in addition
to but not in conflict with those in NEPA, Federal agencies shall
cooperate in fulfilling these requirements as well as those of Federal
laws so that one document will comply with all applicable laws.
(d) To better integrate environmental impact statements into State
or local planning processes, statements shall discuss any inconsistency
of a proposed action with any approved State or local plan and laws
(whether or not federally sanctioned). Where an inconsistency exists,
the statement should describe the extent to which the agency would
reconcile its proposed action with the plan or law.

Sec. 1506.3 Adoption.

(a) An agency may adopt a Federal draft or final environmental
impact statement or portion thereof provided that the statement or
portion thereof meets the standards for an adequate statement under
these regulations.
(b) If the actions covered by the original environmental impact
statement and the proposed action are substantially the same, the agency
adopting another agency's statement is not required to recirculate it
except as a final statement. Otherwise the adopting agency shall treat
the statement as a draft and recirculate it (except as provided in
paragraph (c) of this section).
(c) A cooperating agency may adopt without recirculating the
environmental impact statement of a lead agency when, after an
independent review of the statement, the cooperating agency concludes
that its comments and suggestions have been satisfied.
(d) When an agency adopts a statement which is not final within the
agency that prepared it, or when the action it assesses is the subject
of a referral under part 1504, or when the statement's adequacy is the
subject of

[[Page 994]]

a judicial action which is not final, the agency shall so specify.

Sec. 1506.4 Combining documents.

Any environmental document in compliance with NEPA may be combined
with any other agency document to reduce duplication and paperwork.

Sec. 1506.5 Agency responsibility.

(a) Information. If an agency requires an applicant to submit
environmental information for possible use by the agency in preparing an
environmental impact statement, then the agency should assist the
applicant by outlining the types of information required. The agency
shall independently evaluate the information submitted and shall be
responsible for its accuracy. If the agency chooses to use the
information submitted by the applicant in the environmental impact
statement, either directly or by reference, then the names of the
persons responsible for the independent evaluation shall be included in
the list of preparers (Sec. 1502.17). It is the intent of this
paragraph that acceptable work not be redone, but that it be verified by
the agency.
(b) Environmental assessments. If an agency permits an applicant to
prepare an environmental assessment, the agency, besides fulfilling the
requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, shall make its own
evaluation of the environmental issues and take responsibility for the
scope and content of the environmental assessment.
(c) Environmental impact statements. Except as provided in
Sec. Sec. 1506.2 and 1506.3 any environmental impact statement prepared
pursuant to the requirements of NEPA shall be prepared directly by or by
a contractor selected by the lead agency or where appropriate under
Sec. 1501.6(b), a cooperating agency. It is the intent of these
regulations that the contractor be chosen solely by the lead agency, or
by the lead agency in cooperation with cooperating agencies, or where
appropriate by a cooperating agency to avoid any conflict of interest.
Contractors shall execute a disclosure statement prepared by the lead
agency, or where appropriate the cooperating agency, specifying that
they have no financial or other interest in the outcome of the project.
If the document is prepared by contract, the responsible Federal
official shall furnish guidance and participate in the preparation and
shall independently evaluate the statement prior to its approval and
take responsibility for its scope and contents. Nothing in this section
is intended to prohibit any agency from requesting any person to submit
information to it or to prohibit any person from submitting information
to any agency.

Sec. 1506.6 Public involvement.

Agencies shall:
(a) Make diligent efforts to involve the public in preparing and
implementing their NEPA procedures.
(b) Provide public notice of NEPA-related hearings, public meetings,
and the availability of environmental documents so as to inform those
persons and agencies who may be interested or affected.
(1) In all cases the agency shall mail notice to those who have
requested it on an individual action.
(2) In the case of an action with effects of national concern notice
shall include publication in the Federal Register and notice by mail to
national organizations reasonably expected to be interested in the
matter and may include listing in the 102 Monitor. An agency engaged in
rulemaking may provide notice by mail to national organizations who have
requested that notice regularly be provided. Agencies shall maintain a
list of such organizations.
(3) In the case of an action with effects primarily of local concern
the notice may include:
(i) Notice to State and areawide clearinghouses pursuant to OMB
Circular A-95 (Revised).
(ii) Notice to Indian tribes when effects may occur on reservations.
(iii) Following the affected State's public notice procedures for
comparable actions.
(iv) Publication in local newspapers (in papers of general
circulation rather than legal papers).
(v) Notice through other local media.
(vi) Notice to potentially interested community organizations
including small business associations.

[[Page 995]]

(vii) Publication in newsletters that may be expected to reach
potentially interested persons.
(viii) Direct mailing to owners and occupants of nearby or affected
property.
(ix) Posting of notice on and off site in the area where the action
is to be located.
(c) Hold or sponsor public hearings or public meetings whenever
appropriate or in accordance with statutory requirements applicable to
the agency. Criteria shall include whether there is:
(1) Substantial environmental controversy concerning the proposed
action or substantial interest in holding the hearing.
(2) A request for a hearing by another agency with jurisdiction over
the action supported by reasons why a hearing will be helpful. If a
draft environmental impact statement is to be considered at a public
hearing, the agency should make the statement available to the public at
least 15 days in advance (unless the purpose of the hearing is to
provide information for the draft environmental impact statement).
(d) Solicit appropriate information from the public.
(e) Explain in its procedures where interested persons can get
information or status reports on environmental impact statements and
other elements of the NEPA process.
(f) Make environmental impact statements, the comments received, and
any underlying documents available to the public pursuant to the
provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552), without
regard to the exclusion for interagency memoranda where such memoranda
transmit comments of Federal agencies on the environmental impact of the
proposed action. Materials to be made available to the public shall be
provided to the public without charge to the extent practicable, or at a
fee which is not more than the actual costs of reproducing copies
required to be sent to other Federal agencies, including the Council.

Sec. 1506.7 Further guidance.

The Council may provide further guidance concerning NEPA and its
procedures including:
(a) A handbook which the Council may supplement from time to time,
which shall in plain language provide guidance and instructions
concerning the application of NEPA and these regulations.
(b) Publication of the Council's Memoranda to Heads of Agencies.
(c) In conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency and the
publication of the 102 Monitor, notice of:
(1) Research activities;
(2) Meetings and conferences related to NEPA; and
(3) Successful and innovative procedures used by agencies to
implement NEPA.

Sec. 1506.8 Proposals for legislation.

(a) The NEPA process for proposals for legislation (Sec. 1508.17)
significantly affecting the quality of the human environment shall be
integrated with the legislative process of the Congress. A legislative
environmental impact statement is the detailed statement required by law
to be included in a recommendation or report on a legislative proposal
to Congress. A legislative environmental impact statement shall be
considered part of the formal transmittal of a legislative proposal to
Congress; however, it may be transmitted to Congress up to 30 days later
in order to allow time for completion of an accurate statement which can
serve as the basis for public and Congressional debate. The statement
must be available in time for Congressional hearings and deliberations.
(b) Preparation of a legislative environmental impact statement
shall conform to the requirements of these regulations except as
follows:
(1) There need not be a scoping process.
(2) The legislative statement shall be prepared in the same manner
as a draft statement, but shall be considered the ``detailed statement''
required by statute; Provided, That when any of the following conditions
exist both the draft and final environmental impact statement on the
legislative proposal shall be prepared and circulated as provided by
Sec. Sec. 1503.1 and 1506.10.
(i) A Congressional Committee with jurisdiction over the proposal
has a

[[Page 996]]

rule requiring both draft and final environmental impact statements.
(ii) The proposal results from a study process required by statute
(such as those required by the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (16 U.S.C.
1271 et seq.) and the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.)).
(iii) Legislative approval is sought for Federal or federally
assisted construction or other projects which the agency recommends be
located at specific geographic locations. For proposals requiring an
environmental impact statement for the acquisition of space by the
General Services Administration, a draft statement shall accompany the
Prospectus or the 11(b) Report of Building Project Surveys to the
Congress, and a final statement shall be completed before site
acquisition.
(iv) The agency decides to prepare draft and final statements.
(c) Comments on the legislative statement shall be given to the lead
agency which shall forward them along with its own responses to the
Congressional committees with jurisdiction.

Sec. 1506.9 Filing requirements.

(a) Environmental impact statements together with comments and
responses shall be filed with the Environmental Protection Agency,
attention Office of Federal Activities, EIS Filing Section, Ariel Rios
Building (South Oval Lobby), Mail Code 2252-A, Room 7220, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. This address is for
deliveries by US Postal Service (including USPS Express Mail).
(b) For deliveries in-person or by commercial express mail services,
including Federal Express or UPS, the correct address is: US
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Federal Activities, EIS
Filing Section, Ariel Rios Building (South Oval Lobby), Room 7220, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20004.
(c) Statements shall be filed with the EPA no earlier than they are
also transmitted to commenting agencies and made available to the
public. EPA shall deliver one copy of each statement to the Council,
which shall satisfy the requirement of availability to the President.
EPA may issue guidelines to agencies to implement its responsibilities
under this section and Sec. 1506.10.

[70 FR 41148, July 18, 2005]

Sec. 1506.10 Timing of agency action.

(a) The Environmental Protection Agency shall publish a notice in
the Federal Register each week of the environmental impact statements
filed during the preceding week. The minimum time periods set forth in
this section shall be calculated from the date of publication of this
notice.
(b) No decision on the proposed action shall be made or recorded
under Sec. 1505.2 by a Federal agency until the later of the following
dates:
(1) Ninety (90) days after publication of the notice described above
in paragraph (a) of this section for a draft environmental impact
statement.
(2) Thirty (30) days after publication of the notice described above
in paragraph (a) of this section for a final environmental impact
statement.

An exception to the rules on timing may be made in the case of an agency
decision which is subject to a formal internal appeal. Some agencies
have a formally established appeal process which allows other agencies
or the public to take appeals on a decision and make their views known,
after publication of the final environmental impact statement. In such
cases, where a real opportunity exists to alter the decision, the
decision may be made and recorded at the same time the environmental
impact statement is published. This means that the period for appeal of
the decision and the 30-day period prescribed in paragraph (b)(2) of
this section may run concurrently. In such cases the environmental
impact statement shall explain the timing and the public's right of
appeal. An agency engaged in rulemaking under the Administrative
Procedure Act or other statute for the purpose of protecting the public
health or safety, may waive the time period in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section and publish a decision on the final rule simultaneously with
publication of the notice of the availability of the final environmental
impact statement as described in paragraph (a) of this section.

[[Page 997]]

(c) If the final environmental impact statement is filed within
ninety (90) days after a draft environmental impact statement is filed
with the Environmental Protection Agency, the minimum thirty (30) day
period and the minimum ninety (90) day period may run concurrently.
However, subject to paragraph (d) of this section agencies shall allow
not less than 45 days for comments on draft statements.
(d) The lead agency may extend prescribed periods. The Environmental
Protection Agency may upon a showing by the lead agency of compelling
reasons of national policy reduce the prescribed periods and may upon a
showing by any other Federal agency of compelling reasons of national
policy also extend prescribed periods, but only after consultation with
the lead agency. (Also see Sec. 1507.3(d).) Failure to file timely
comments shall not be a sufficient reason for extending a period. If the
lead agency does not concur with the extension of time, EPA may not
extend it for more than 30 days. When the Environmental Protection
Agency reduces or extends any period of time it shall notify the
Council.

[43 FR 56000, Nov. 29, 1978; 44 FR 874, Jan. 3, 1979]

Sec. 1506.11 Emergencies.

Where emergency circumstances make it necessary to take an action
with significant environmental impact without observing the provisions
of these regulations, the Federal agency taking the action should
consult with the Council about alternative arrangements. Agencies and
the Council will limit such arrangements to actions necessary to control
the immediate impacts of the emergency. Other actions remain subject to
NEPA review.

Sec. 1506.12 Effective date.

The effective date of these regulations is July 30, 1979, except
that for agencies that administer programs that qualify under section
102(2)(D) of the Act or under section 104(h) of the Housing and
Community Development Act of 1974 an additional four months shall be
allowed for the State or local agencies to adopt their implementing
procedures.
(a) These regulations shall apply to the fullest extent practicable
to ongoing activities and environmental documents begun before the
effective date. These regulations do not apply to an environmental
impact statement or supplement if the draft statement was filed before
the effective date of these regulations. No completed environmental
documents need be redone by reasons of these regulations. Until these
regulations are applicable, the Council's guidelines published in the
Federal Register of August 1, 1973, shall continue to be applicable. In
cases where these regulations are applicable the guidelines are
superseded. However, nothing shall prevent an agency from proceeding
under these regulations at an earlier time.
(b) NEPA shall continue to be applicable to actions begun before
January 1, 1970, to the fullest extent possible.

PART 1507_AGENCY COMPLIANCE--Table of Contents

Sec.
1507.1 Compliance.
1507.2 Agency capability to comply.
1507.3 Agency procedures.

Source: 43 FR 56002, Nov. 29, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1507.1 Compliance.

All agencies of the Federal Government shall comply with these
regulations. It is the intent of these regulations to allow each agency
flexibility in adapting its implementing procedures authorized by Sec.
1507.3 to the requirements of other applicable laws.

Sec. 1507.2 Agency capability to comply.

Each agency shall be capable (in terms of personnel and other
resources) of complying with the requirements enumerated below. Such
compliance may include use of other's resources, but the using agency
shall itself have sufficient capability to evaluate what others do for
it. Agencies shall:

[[Page 998]]

(a) Fulfill the requirements of section 102(2)(A) of the Act to
utilize a systematic, interdisciplinary approach which will insure the
integrated use of the natural and social sciences and the environmental
design arts in planning and in decisionmaking which may have an impact
on the human environment. Agencies shall designate a person to be
responsible for overall review of agency NEPA compliance.
(b) Identify methods and procedures required by section 102(2)(B) to
insure that presently unquantified environmental amenities and values
may be given appropriate consideration.
(c) Prepare adequate environmental impact statements pursuant to
section 102(2)(C) and comment on statements in the areas where the
agency has jurisdiction by law or special expertise or is authorized to
develop and enforce environmental standards.
(d) Study, develop, and describe alternatives to recommended courses
of action in any proposal which involves unresolved conflicts concerning
alternative uses of available resources. This requirement of section
102(2)(E) extends to all such proposals, not just the more limited scope
of section 102(2)(C)(iii) where the discussion of alternatives is
confined to impact statements.
(e) Comply with the requirements of section 102(2)(H) that the
agency initiate and utilize ecological information in the planning and
development of resource-oriented projects.
(f) Fulfill the requirements of sections 102(2)(F), 102(2)(G), and
102(2)(I), of the Act and of Executive Order 11514, Protection and
Enhancement of Environmental Quality, Sec. 2.

Sec. 1507.3 Agency procedures.

(a) Not later than eight months after publication of these
regulations as finally adopted in the Federal Register, or five months
after the establishment of an agency, whichever shall come later, each
agency shall as necessary adopt procedures to supplement these
regulations. When the agency is a department, major subunits are
encouraged (with the consent of the department) to adopt their own
procedures. Such procedures shall not paraphrase these regulations. They
shall confine themselves to implementing procedures. Each agency shall
consult with the Council while developing its procedures and before
publishing them in the Federal Register for comment. Agencies with
similar programs should consult with each other and the Council to
coordinate their procedures, especially for programs requesting similar
information from applicants. The procedures shall be adopted only after
an opportunity for public review and after review by the Council for
conformity with the Act and these regulations. The Council shall
complete its review within 30 days. Once in effect they shall be filed
with the Council and made readily available to the public. Agencies are
encouraged to publish explanatory guidance for these regulations and
their own procedures. Agencies shall continue to review their policies
and procedures and in consultation with the Council to revise them as
necessary to ensure full compliance with the purposes and provisions of
the Act.
(b) Agency procedures shall comply with these regulations except
where compliance would be inconsistent with statutory requirements and
shall include:
(1) Those procedures required by Sec. Sec. 1501.2(d), 1502.9(c)(3),
1505.1, 1506.6(e), and 1508.4.
(2) Specific criteria for and identification of those typical
classes of action:
(i) Which normally do require environmental impact statements.
(ii) Which normally do not require either an environmental impact
statement or an environmental assessment (categorical exclusions (Sec.
1508.4)).
(iii) Which normally require environmental assessments but not
necessarily environmental impact statements.
(c) Agency procedures may include specific criteria for providing
limited exceptions to the provisions of these regulations for classified
proposals. They are proposed actions which are specifically authorized
under criteria established by an Executive Order or statute to be kept
secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy and are in
fact properly classified pursuant to such Executive Order or statute.
Environmental assessments and environmental impact statements

[[Page 999]]

which address classified proposals may be safeguarded and restricted
from public dissemination in accordance with agencies' own regulations
applicable to classified information. These documents may be organized
so that classified portions can be included as annexes, in order that
the unclassified portions can be made available to the public.
(d) Agency procedures may provide for periods of time other than
those presented in Sec. 1506.10 when necessary to comply with other
specific statutory requirements.
(e) Agency procedures may provide that where there is a lengthy
period between the agency's decision to prepare an environmental impact
statement and the time of actual preparation, the notice of intent
required by Sec. 1501.7 may be published at a reasonable time in
advance of preparation of the draft statement.

PART 1508_TERMINOLOGY AND INDEX--Table of Contents

Sec.
1508.1 Terminology.
1508.2 Act.
1508.3 Affecting.
1508.4 Categorical exclusion.
1508.5 Cooperating agency.
1508.6 Council.
1508.7 Cumulative impact.
1508.8 Effects.
1508.9 Environmental assessment.
1508.10 Environmental document.
1508.11 Environmental impact statement.
1508.12 Federal agency.
1508.13 Finding of no significant impact.
1508.14 Human environment.
1508.15 Jurisdiction by law.
1508.16 Lead agency.
1508.17 Legislation.
1508.18 Major Federal action.
1508.19 Matter.
1508.20 Mitigation.
1508.21 NEPA process.
1508.22 Notice of intent.
1508.23 Proposal.
1508.24 Referring agency.
1508.25 Scope.
1508.26 Special expertise.
1508.27 Significantly.
1508.28 Tiering.

Source: 43 FR 56003, Nov. 29, 1978, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1508.1 Terminology.

The terminology of this part shall be uniform throughout the Federal
Government.

Sec. 1508.2 Act.

Act means the National Environmental Policy Act, as amended (42
U.S.C. 4321, et seq.) which is also referred to as ``NEPA.''

Sec. 1508.3 Affecting.

Affecting means will or may have an effect on.

Sec. 1508.4 Categorical exclusion.

Categorical exclusion means a category of actions which do not
individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human
environment and which have been found to have no such effect in
procedures adopted by a Federal agency in implementation of these
regulations (Sec. 1507.3) and for which, therefore, neither an
environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is
required. An agency may decide in its procedures or otherwise, to
prepare environmental assessments for the reasons stated in Sec. 1508.9
even though it is not required to do so. Any procedures under this
section shall provide for extraordinary circumstances in which a
normally excluded action may have a significant environmental effect.

Sec. 1508.5 Cooperating agency.

Cooperating agency means any Federal agency other than a lead agency
which has jurisdiction by law or special expertise with respect to any
environmental impact involved in a proposal (or a reasonable
alternative) for legislation or other major Federal action significantly
affecting the quality of the human environment. The selection and
responsibilities of a cooperating agency are described in Sec. 1501.6.
A State or local agency of similar qualifications or, when the effects
are on a reservation, an Indian Tribe, may by agreement with the lead
agency become a cooperating agency.

[[Page 1000]]

Sec. 1508.6 Council.

Council means the Council on Environmental Quality established by
title II of the Act.

Sec. 1508.7 Cumulative impact.

Cumulative impact is the impact on the environment which results
from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past,
present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what
agency (Federal or non-Federal) or person undertakes such other actions.
Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively
significant actions taking place over a period of time.

Sec. 1508.8 Effects.

Effects include:
(a) Direct effects, which are caused by the action and occur at the
same time and place.
(b) Indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later
in time or farther removed in distance, but are still reasonably
foreseeable. Indirect effects may include growth inducing effects and
other effects related to induced changes in the pattern of land use,
population density or growth rate, and related effects on air and water
and other natural systems, including ecosystems.

Effects and impacts as used in these regulations are synonymous. Effects
includes ecological (such as the effects on natural resources and on the
components, structures, and functioning of affected ecosystems),
aesthetic, historic, cultural, economic, social, or health, whether
direct, indirect, or cumulative. Effects may also include those
resulting from actions which may have both beneficial and detrimental
effects, even if on balance the agency believes that the effect will be
beneficial.

Sec. 1508.9 Environmental assessment.

Environmental assessment:
(a) Means a concise public document for which a Federal agency is
responsible that serves to:
(1) Briefly provide sufficient evidence and analysis for determining
whether to prepare an environmental impact statement or a finding of no
significant impact.
(2) Aid an agency's compliance with the Act when no environmental
impact statement is necessary.
(3) Facilitate preparation of a statement when one is necessary.
(b) Shall include brief discussions of the need for the proposal, of
alternatives as required by section 102(2)(E), of the environmental
impacts of the proposed action and alternatives, and a listing of
agencies and persons consulted.

Sec. 1508.10 Environmental document.

Environmental document includes the documents specified in Sec.
1508.9 (environmental assessment), Sec. 1508.11 (environmental impact
statement), Sec. 1508.13 (finding of no significant impact), and Sec.
1508.22 (notice of intent).

Sec. 1508.11 Environmental impact statement.

Environmental impact statement means a detailed written statement as
required by section 102(2)(C) of the Act.

Sec. 1508.12 Federal agency.

Federal agency means all agencies of the Federal Government. It does
not mean the Congress, the Judiciary, or the President, including the
performance of staff functions for the President in his Executive
Office. It also includes for purposes of these regulations States and
units of general local government and Indian tribes assuming NEPA
responsibilities under section 104(h) of the Housing and Community
Development Act of 1974.

Sec. 1508.13 Finding of no significant impact.

Finding of no significant impact means a document by a Federal
agency briefly presenting the reasons why an action, not otherwise
excluded (Sec. 1508.4), will not have a significant effect on the human
environment and for which an environmental impact statement therefore
will not be prepared. It shall include the environmental assessment or a
summary of it and shall note any other environmental documents related
to it (Sec. 1501.7(a)(5)). If the assessment is included, the finding
need not

[[Page 1001]]

repeat any of the discussion in the assessment but may incorporate it by
reference.

Sec. 1508.14 Human environment.

Human environment shall be interpreted comprehensively to include
the natural and physical environment and the relationship of people with
that environment. (See the definition of ``effects'' (Sec. 1508.8).)
This means that economic or social effects are not intended by
themselves to require preparation of an environmental impact statement.
When an environmental impact statement is prepared and economic or
social and natural or physical environmental effects are interrelated,
then the environmental impact statement will discuss all of these
effects on the human environment.

Sec. 1508.15 Jurisdiction by law.

Jurisdiction by law means agency authority to approve, veto, or
finance all or part of the proposal.

Sec. 1508.16 Lead agency.

Lead agency means the agency or agencies preparing or having taken
primary responsibility for preparing the environmental impact statement.

Sec. 1508.17 Legislation.

Legislation includes a bill or legislative proposal to Congress
developed by or with the significant cooperation and support of a
Federal agency, but does not include requests for appropriations. The
test for significant cooperation is whether the proposal is in fact
predominantly that of the agency rather than another source. Drafting
does not by itself constitute significant cooperation. Proposals for
legislation include requests for ratification of treaties. Only the
agency which has primary responsibility for the subject matter involved
will prepare a legislative environmental impact statement.

Sec. 1508.18 Major Federal action.

Major Federal action includes actions with effects that may be major
and which are potentially subject to Federal control and responsibility.
Major reinforces but does not have a meaning independent of
significantly (Sec. 1508.27). Actions include the circumstance where
the responsible officials fail to act and that failure to act is
reviewable by courts or administrative tribunals under the
Administrative Procedure Act or other applicable law as agency action.
(a) Actions include new and continuing activities, including
projects and programs entirely or partly financed, assisted, conducted,
regulated, or approved by federal agencies; new or revised agency rules,
regulations, plans, policies, or procedures; and legislative proposals
(Sec. Sec. 1506.8, 1508.17). Actions do not include funding assistance
solely in the form of general revenue sharing funds, distributed under
the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972, 31 U.S.C. 1221 et
seq., with no Federal agency control over the subsequent use of such
funds. Actions do not include bringing judicial or administrative civil
or criminal enforcement actions.
(b) Federal actions tend to fall within one of the following
categories:
(1) Adoption of official policy, such as rules, regulations, and
interpretations adopted pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act, 5
U.S.C. 551 et seq.; treaties and international conventions or
agreements; formal documents establishing an agency's policies which
will result in or substantially alter agency programs.
(2) Adoption of formal plans, such as official documents prepared or
approved by federal agencies which guide or prescribe alternative uses
of Federal resources, upon which future agency actions will be based.
(3) Adoption of programs, such as a group of concerted actions to
implement a specific policy or plan; systematic and connected agency
decisions allocating agency resources to implement a specific statutory
program or executive directive.
(4) Approval of specific projects, such as construction or
management activities located in a defined geographic area. Projects
include actions approved by permit or other regulatory decision as well
as federal and federally assisted activities.

Sec. 1508.19 Matter.

Matter includes for purposes of part 1504:

[[Page 1002]]

(a) With respect to the Environmental Protection Agency, any
proposed legislation, project, action or regulation as those terms are
used in section 309(a) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7609).
(b) With respect to all other agencies, any proposed major federal
action to which section 102(2)(C) of NEPA applies.

Sec. 1508.20 Mitigation.

Mitigation includes:
(a) Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or
parts of an action.
(b) Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the
action and its implementation.
(c) Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring
the affected environment.
(d) Reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and
maintenance operations during the life of the action.
(e) Compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute
resources or environments.

Sec. 1508.21 NEPA process.

NEPA process means all measures necessary for compliance with the
requirements of section 2 and title I of NEPA.

Sec. 1508.22 Notice of intent.

Notice of intent means a notice that an environmental impact
statement will be prepared and considered. The notice shall briefly:
(a) Describe the proposed action and possible alternatives.
(b) Describe the agency's proposed scoping process including
whether, when, and where any scoping meeting will be held.
(c) State the name and address of a person within the agency who can
answer questions about the proposed action and the environmental impact
statement.

Sec. 1508.23 Proposal.

Proposal exists at that stage in the development of an action when
an agency subject to the Act has a goal and is actively preparing to
make a decision on one or more alternative means of accomplishing that
goal and the effects can be meaningfully evaluated. Preparation of an
environmental impact statement on a proposal should be timed (Sec.
1502.5) so that the final statement may be completed in time for the
statement to be included in any recommendation or report on the
proposal. A proposal may exist in fact as well as by agency declaration
that one exists.

Sec. 1508.24 Referring agency.

Referring agency means the federal agency which has referred any
matter to the Council after a determination that the matter is
unsatisfactory from the standpoint of public health or welfare or
environmental quality.

Sec. 1508.25 Scope.

Scope consists of the range of actions, alternatives, and impacts to
be considered in an environmental impact statement. The scope of an
individual statement may depend on its relationships to other statements
(Sec. Sec. 1502.20 and 1508.28). To determine the scope of
environmental impact statements, agencies shall consider 3 types of
actions, 3 types of alternatives, and 3 types of impacts. They include:
(a) Actions (other than unconnected single actions) which may be:
(1) Connected actions, which means that they are closely related and
therefore should be discussed in the same impact statement. Actions are
connected if they:
(i) Automatically trigger other actions which may require
environmental impact statements.
(ii) Cannot or will not proceed unless other actions are taken
previously or simultaneously.
(iii) Are interdependent parts of a larger action and depend on the
larger action for their justification.
(2) Cumulative actions, which when viewed with other proposed
actions have cumulatively significant impacts and should therefore be
discussed in the same impact statement.
(3) Similar actions, which when viewed with other reasonably
foreseeable or proposed agency actions, have similarities that provide a
basis for evaluating their environmental

[[Page 1003]]

consequencies together, such as common timing or geography. An agency
may wish to analyze these actions in the same impact statement. It
should do so when the best way to assess adequately the combined impacts
of similar actions or reasonable alternatives to such actions is to
treat them in a single impact statement.
(b) Alternatives, which include:
(1) No action alternative.
(2) Other reasonable courses of actions.
(3) Mitigation measures (not in the proposed action).
(c) Impacts, which may be: (1) Direct; (2) indirect; (3) cumulative.

Sec. 1508.26 Special expertise.

Special expertise means statutory responsibility, agency mission, or
related program experience.

Sec. 1508.27 Significantly.

Significantly as used in NEPA requires considerations of both
context and intensity:
(a) Context. This means that the significance of an action must be
analyzed in several contexts such as society as a whole (human,
national), the affected region, the affected interests, and the
locality. Significance varies with the setting of the proposed action.
For instance, in the case of a site-specific action, significance would
usually depend upon the effects in the locale rather than in the world
as a whole. Both short- and long-term effects are relevant.
(b) Intensity. This refers to the severity of impact. Responsible
officials must bear in mind that more than one agency may make decisions
about partial aspects of a major action. The following should be
considered in evaluating intensity:
(1) Impacts that may be both beneficial and adverse. A significant
effect may exist even if the Federal agency believes that on balance the
effect will be beneficial.
(2) The degree to which the proposed action affects public health or
safety.
(3) Unique characteristics of the geographic area such as proximity
to historic or cultural resources, park lands, prime farmlands,
wetlands, wild and scenic rivers, or ecologically critical areas.
(4) The degree to which the effects on the quality of the human
environment are likely to be highly controversial.
(5) The degree to which the possible effects on the human
environment are highly uncertain or involve unique or unknown risks.
(6) The degree to which the action may establish a precedent for
future actions with significant effects or represents a decision in
principle about a future consideration.
(7) Whether the action is related to other actions with individually
insignificant but cumulatively significant impacts. Significance exists
if it is reasonable to anticipate a cumulatively significant impact on
the environment. Significance cannot be avoided by terming an action
temporary or by breaking it down into small component parts.
(8) The degree to which the action may adversely affect districts,
sites, highways, structures, or objects listed in or eligible for
listing in the National Register of Historic Places or may cause loss or
destruction of significant scientific, cultural, or historical
resources.
(9) The degree to which the action may adversely affect an
endangered or threatened species or its habitat that has been determined
to be critical under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.
(10) Whether the action threatens a violation of Federal, State, or
local law or requirements imposed for the protection of the environment.

[43 FR 56003, Nov. 29, 1978; 44 FR 874, Jan. 3, 1979]

Sec. 1508.28 Tiering.

Tiering refers to the coverage of general matters in broader
environmental impact statements (such as national program or policy
statements) with subsequent narrower statements or environmental
analyses (such as regional or basinwide program statements or ultimately
site-specific statements) incorporating by reference the general
discussions and concentrating solely on the issues specific to the
statement

[[Page 1004]]

subsequently prepared. Tiering is appropriate when the sequence of
statements or analyses is:
(a) From a program, plan, or policy environmental impact statement
to a program, plan, or policy statement or analysis of lesser scope or
to a site-specific statement or analysis.
(b) From an environmental impact statement on a specific action at
an early stage (such as need and site selection) to a supplement (which
is preferred) or a subsequent statement or analysis at a later stage
(such as environmental mitigation). Tiering in such cases is appropriate
when it helps the lead agency to focus on the issues which are ripe for
decision and exclude from consideration issues already decided or not
yet ripe.

Index to Parts 1500 Through 1508--Table of Contents

Editorial Note: This listing is provided for information purposes
only. It is compiled and kept up-to-date by the Council on Environmental
Quality, and is revised through July 1, 2011.

Index
Act....................................... 1508.2.
Action.................................... 1508.18, 1508.25.
Action-forcing............................ 1500.1, 1502.1.
Adoption.................................. 1500.4(n), 1500.5(h),
1506.3.
Affected Environment...................... 1502.10(f), 1502.15.
Affecting................................. 1502.3, 1508.3.
Agency Authority.......................... 1500.6.
Agency Capability......................... 1501.2(a), 1507.2.
Agency Compliance......................... 1507.1.
Agency Procedures......................... 1505.1, 1507.3.
Agency Responsibility..................... 1506.5.
Alternatives.............................. 1501.2(c), 1502.2,
1502.10(e), 1502.14,
1505.1(e), 1505.2,
1507.2(d), 1508.25(b).
Appendices................................ 1502.10(k), 1502.18,
1502.24.
Applicant................................. 1501.2(d)(1), 1501.4(b),
1501.8(a), 1502.19(b),
1503.1(a)(3), 1504.3(e),
1506.1(d), 1506.5(a),
1506.5(b).
Apply NEPA Early in the Process........... 1501.2.
Categorical Exclusion..................... 1500.4(p), 1500.5(k),
1501.4(a), 1507.3(b),
1508.4.
Circulation of Environmental Impact 1502.19, 1506.3.
Statement.
Classified Information.................... 1507.3(c).
Clean Air Act............................. 1504.1(b), 1508.19(a).
Combining Documents....................... 1500.4(o), 1500.5(i),
1506.4.
Commenting................................ 1502.19, 1503.1, 1503.2,
1503.3, 1503.4, 1506.6(f).
Consultation Requirement.................. 1500.4(k), 1500.5(g),
1501.7(a)(6), 1502.25.
Context................................... 1508.27(a).
Cooperating Agency........................ 1500.5(b), 1501.1(b),
1501.5(c), 1501.5(f),
1501.6, 1503.1(a)(1),
1503.2, 1503.3, 1506.3(c),
1506.5(c), 1508.5.
Cost-Benefit.............................. 1502.23.
Council on Environmental Quality.......... 1500.3, 1501.5(e),
1501.5(f), 1501.6(c),
1502.9(c)(4), 1504.1,
1504.2, 1504.3, 1506.6(f),
1506.9, 1506.10(d),
1506.11, 1507.3, 1508.6,
1508.24.
Cover Sheet............................... 1502.10(a), 1502.11.
Cumulative Impact......................... 1508.7, 1508.25(a),
1508.25(c).
Decisionmaking............................ 1505.1, 1506.1.
Decision points........................... 1505.1(b).
Dependent................................. 1508.25(a).
Draft Environmental Impact Statement...... 1502.9(a).
Early Application of NEPA................. 1501.2.
Economic Effects.......................... 1508.8.
Effective Date............................ 1506.12.
Effects................................... 1502.16, 1508.8.
Emergencies............................... 1506.11.
Endangered Species Act.................... 1502.25, 1508.27(b)(9).
Energy.................................... 1502.16(e).
Environmental Assessment.................. 1501.3, 1501.4(b),
1501.4(c), 1501.7(b)(3),
1506.2(b)(4), 1506.5(b),
1508.4, 1508.9, 1508.10,
1508.13.
Environmental Consequences................ 1502.10(g), 1502.16.
Environmental Consultation Requirements... 1500.4(k), 1500.5(g),
1501.7(a)(6), 1502.25,
1503.3(c).
Environmental Documents................... 1508.10.
Environmental Impact Statement............ 1500.4, 1501.4, 1501.7,
1502.1, 1502.2, 1502.3,
1502.4, 1502.5, 1502.6,
1502.7, 1502.8, 1502.9,
1502.10, 1502.11, 1502.12,
1502.13, 1502.14, 1502.15,
1502.16, 1502.17, 1502.18,
1502.19, 1502.20, 1502.21,
1502.22, 1502.23, 1502.24,
1502.25, 1506.2(c), 1506.3,
1506.8, 1508.11.
Environmental Protection Agency........... 1502.11(f), 1504.1, 1504.3,
1506.7(c), 1506.9, 1506.10,
1508.19(a).
Environmental Review Requirements......... 1500.4(k), 1500.5(g),
1501.7(a)(6), 1502.25,
1503.3(c).
Expedite.................................. 1501.8(b)(3).
Federal Agency............................ 1508.12.
Filing.................................... 1506.9.
Final Environmental Impact Statement...... 1502.9(b), 1503.1,
1503.4(b).
Finding of No Significant Impact.......... 1500.3, 1500.4(q),
1500.5(l), 1501.4(e),
1508.13.
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act........ 1502.25.
Format for Environmental Impact Statement. 1502.10.
Freedom of Information Act................ 1506.6(f).
Further Guidance.......................... 1506.7.
Generic................................... 1502.4(c)(2).
General Services Administration........... 1506.8(b)(2)(iii).
Geographic................................ 1502.4(c)(1).
Graphics.................................. 1502.8.
Handbook.................................. 1506.7(a).
Housing and Community Development Act..... 1506.12, 1508.12.

[[Page 1005]]

Human Environment......................... 1502.3, 1502.22, 1508.14.
Impacts................................... 1508.8, 1508.25(c).
Implementing the Decision................. 1505.3.
Incomplete or Unavailable Information..... 1502.22.
Incorporation by Reference................ 1500.4(j), 1502.21.
Index..................................... 1502.10(j).
Indian Tribes............................. 1501.2(d)(2), 1501.7(a)(1),
1502.16(c),
1503.1(a)(2)(ii),
1506.6(b)(3)(ii), 1508.5,
1508.12.
Intensity................................. 1508.27(b).
Interdisciplinary Preparation............. 1502.6, 1502.17.
Interim Actions........................... 1506.1.
Joint Lead Agency......................... 1501.5(b), 1506.2.
Judicial Review........................... 1500.3.
Jurisdiction by Law....................... 1508.15.
Lead Agency............................... 1500.5(c), 1501.1(c),
1501.5, 1501.6, 1501.7,
1501.8, 1504.3, 1506.2(c),
1506.8(c), 1506.10(d),
1508.16.
Legislation............................... 1500.5(j), 1502.3, 1506.8,
1508.17, 1508.18(a).
Limitation on Action During NEPA Process.. 1506.1.
List of Preparers......................... 1502.10(h), 1502.17.
Local or State............................ 1500.4(n), 1500.5(h),
1501.2(d)(2), 1501.5(b),
1501.5(d), 1501.7(a)(1),
1501.8(c), 1502.16(c),
1503.1(a)(2), 1506.2(b),
1506.6(b)(3), 1508.5,
1508.12, 1508.18.
Major Federal Action...................... 1502.3, 1508.18.
Mandate................................... 1500.3.
Matter.................................... 1504.1, 1504.2, 1504.3,
1508.19.
Methodology............................... 1502.24.
Mitigation................................ 1502.14(f), 1502.16(h),
1503.3(d), 1505.2(c),
1505.3, 1508.20.
Monitoring................................ 1505.2(c), 1505.3.
National Historic Preservation Act........ 1502.25.
National Register of Historical Places.... 1508.27(b)(8).
Natural or Depletable Resource 1502.16(f).
Requirements.
Need for Action........................... 1502.10(d), 1502.13.
NEPA Process.............................. 1508.21.
Non-Federal Sponsor....................... 1501.2(d).
Notice of Intent.......................... 1501.7, 1507.3(e), 1508.22.
OMB Circular A-95......................... 1503.1(a)(2)(iii), 1505.2,
1506.6(b)(3)(i).
Ongoing Activities........................ 1506.12.
Page Limits............................... 1500.4(a), 1501.7(b),
1502.7.
Planning.................................. 1500.5(a), 1501.2(b),
1502.4(b), 1508.18.
Policy.................................... 1500.2, 1502.4(b),
1508.18(a).
Program Environmental Impact Statement.... 1500.4(i), 1502.4, 1502.20,
1508.18.
Programs.................................. 1502.4, 1508.18(b).
Projects.................................. 1508.18.
Proposal.................................. 1502.4, 1502.5, 1506.8,
1508.23.
Proposed Action........................... 1502.10(e), 1502.14,
1506.2(d).
Public Health and Welfare................. 1504.1.
Public Involvement........................ 1501.4(e), 1503.1(a)(4),
1506.6.
Purpose................................... 1500.1, 1501.1, 1502.1,
1504.1.
Purpose of Action......................... 1502.10(d), 1502.13.
Record of Decision........................ 1505.2, 1506.1.
Referrals................................. 1504.1, 1504.2, 1504.3,
1506.3(d).
Referring Agency.......................... 1504.1, 1504.2, 1504.3.
Response to Comments...................... 1503.4.
Rural Electrification Administration...... 1506.1(d).
Scientific Accuracy....................... 1502.24.
Scope..................................... 1502.4(a), 1502.9(a),
1508.25.
Scoping................................... 1500.4(g), 1501.1(d),
1501.4(d), 1501.7,
1502.9(a), 1506.8(b).
Significantly............................. 1502.3, 1508.27.
Similar................................... 1508.25.
Small Business Associations............... 1506.6(b)(3)(vi).
Social Effects............................ 1508.8.
Special Expertise......................... 1508.26.
Specificity of Comments................... 1500.4(l), 1503.3.
State and Areawide Clearinghouses......... 1501.4(e)(2),
1503.1(a)(2)(iii),
1506.6(b)(3)(i).
State and Local........................... 1500.4(n), 1500.5(h),
1501.2(d)(2), 1501.5(b),
1501.5(d), 1501.7(a)(1),
1501.8(c), 1502.16(c),
1503.1(a)(2), 1506.2(b),
1506.6(b)(3), 1508.5,
1508.12, 1508.18.
State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act..... 1508.18(a).
Summary................................... 1500.4(h), 1502.10(b),
1502.12.
Supplements to Environmental Impact 1502.9(c).
Statements.
Table of Contents......................... 1502.10(c).
Technological Development................. 1502.4(c)(3).
Terminology............................... 1508.1.
Tiering................................... 1500.4(i), 1502.4(d),
1502.20, 1508.28.
Time Limits............................... 1500.5(e), 1501.1(e),
1501.7(b)(2), 1501.8.
Timing.................................... 1502.4, 1502.5, 1506.10.
Treaties.................................. 1508.17.
When to Prepare an Environmental 1501.3.
Assessment.
Whether to Prepare an Environmental Impact 1501.4.
Statement.
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act................ 1506.8(b)(2)(ii).
Wilderness Act............................ 1506.8(b)(2)(ii).
Writing................................... 1502.8.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART 1515_FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT PROCEDURES--Table of Contents

Purpose

Sec.
1515.1 FOIA procedures.

Organization of CEQ

1515.2 About the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).
1515.3 CEQ organization.
1515.4 CEQ FOIA Officials.

Procedures for Requesting Records

1515.5 Making a Freedom of Information Act request.

[[Page 1006]]

1515.6 CEQ's response to a request.
1515.7 Expedited processing.
1515.8 Appeals.
1515.9 Extending CEQ's time to respond.

Availability of Information

1515.10 Obtaining available information.

Costs

1515.11 Definitions.
1515.12 Fees in general.
1515.13 Fees for categories of requesters.
1515.14 Other charges.
1515.15 Payment and waiver.
1515.16 Other rights and services.
1515.17-1515.19 [Reserved]

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended by Pub. L. 93-502, Pub. L. 99-
570, Pub. L. 104-231, Pub. L. 110-175; E.O. 13392; Pres. Mem. 74 FR
4685. Source: 42 FR 65158, Dec. 30, 1977, unless otherwise noted.

Source: 75 FR 48590, Aug. 11, 2010, unless otherwise noted.

Purpose

Sec. 1515.1 FOIA procedures.

The Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552), as amended, commonly
known as FOIA, is a Federal law that creates a procedure for any person
to request documents and other records from United States Government
agencies. The law requires every Federal agency to make available to the
public the material requested, unless the material falls under one of
the limited exemptions stated in Section 552(b) of the Act. These
procedures explain how the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)--one
of several agencies in the Executive Office of the President--will carry
out the FOIA. They are written from the standpoint of a FOIA requester
and should be read together with the FOIA, which provides additional
information about access to records maintained by CEQ. This information
is furnished for the guidance of the public and in compliance with the
requirements of Section 552 of title 5, United States Code, as amended.

Organization of CEQ

Sec. 1515.2 About the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).

The Council on Environmental Quality (``CEQ'' or ``the Council'')
was created by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended
(42 U.S.C. 4321 through 4347). The Council's authority is primarily
derived from that Act, the Environmental Quality Improvement Act of
1970, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4371-4374), Reorganization Plan No. 1 of
1977 (July 15, 1977), and Executive Order 11514, ``Protection and
Enhancement of Environmental Quality,'' March 5, 1970, as amended by
Executive Order 11991, May 24, 1977.

Sec. 1515.3 CEQ organization.

(a) The Council is made up of a Chair appointed by the President and
subject to approval by the Senate who serves in a full-time capacity.
Congress has allowed CEQ to consist of a Council of one member who
serves as Chairman or Chair.
(b) The National Environmental Policy Act and the Environmental
Quality Improvement Act give the Council the authority to hire any
officers and staff that may be necessary to carry out responsibilities
and functions specified in these two Acts. Also, the use of consultants
and experts is permitted.
(c) In addition to the Chair, the Council has program and legal
staff.
(d) The Council has no field or regional offices.
(e) The Council is located at 722 Jackson Place NW., Washington, DC
20503. Office hours are 9 a.m.-5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, except
Federal holidays. To meet with any of the staff, please write or phone
ahead for an appointment. The main number is 202-456-6224.

Sec. 1515.4 CEQ FOIA Officials.

(a) The Chair shall appoint a Chief Freedom of Information Act
Officer (Chief FOIA Officer) who is responsible for overseeing the
Council's administration of the Freedom of Information Act and for
receiving, routing and overseeing the processing of all Freedom of
Information requests as set forth in these regulations. The Chair shall
appoint an Appeals Officer, who is responsible for processing and acting
upon any appeals and may designate one or more CEQ officials, as
appropriate, as FOIA Officers authorized to oversee and process FOIA
requests. The Chief FOIA Officer may serve as the Appeals Officer.

[[Page 1007]]

(b) The Chief FOIA officer shall designate a FOIA Public Liaison who
is the supervisory official to whom a FOIA requester can raise concerns
about the service the FOIA requester has received from the CEQ FOIA
Center, described in Section 1515.5(a), following an initial response
from the staff of the CEQ FOIA Center staff. The FOIA Public Liaison
shall assist, as appropriate, in reducing delays and increasing
understanding of the status of requests. The Chief FOIA officer shall
also designate a CEQ FOIA Officer responsible for overseeing CEQ's day-
to-day administration of the FOIA and for receiving, routing, and
overseeing the processing of all FOIA requests.

Procedures for Requesting Records

Sec. 1515.5 Making a Freedom of Information Act request.

(a) Availability of records. The Council maintains a World Wide Web
site, http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ceq, and an online
Freedom of Information Act Requester Service Center (``Center''), http:/
/www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ceq/foia. From the Center, a
requester can find contact information regarding the CEQ's FOIA Public
Liaison, as defined in Section 1515.4(b), and access CEQ's Online
Reading Room where CEQ makes available records pertaining to matters
within the scope of 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(2), as amended, and environmental
issues and other documents that, because of the nature of their subject
matter, are likely to be the subject of FOIA requests. To save both time
and money, CEQ strongly urges requesters to review documents currently
available from the Center's Online Reading Room before submitting a
request.
(b) Requesting information from the Council. (1) Requesters must
make a Freedom of Information Act request in writing. For quickest
possible handling, it should be sent via e-mail to: [email protected]
and must include in the subject line of the e-mail message: ``Freedom of
Information Act Request.'' Written requests may also be faxed to (202)
456-0753 or addressed and mailed to: Council on Environmental Quality,
Executive Office of the President, 722 Jackson Place NW., Washington, DC
20503. Requesters should mark both the request letter and the envelope
``Freedom of Information Act Request'' and include their name, address,
and sufficient contact information to allow follow up regarding the
scope and status of your request.
(2) The request should identify or reasonably describe the desired
record. It should be as specific as possible, so that the item can be
readily found. Blanket requests, such as requests for ``all materials
relating to'' a specified subject are not recommended. Requesters should
specify the preferred form or format (including electronic format) for
the response. CEQ will accommodate such requests, if the record is
readily reproducible in that form or format. Please be aware that FOIA
requests and responses may themselves be made available for public
inspection.
(3) The CEQ FOIA Officer is responsible for acting on all initial
requests; however, he or she may consult and refer, pursuant to Section
552(a)(6)(B)(iii)(III) of the FOIA, with another agency if he or she
determines that that agency is better able to act on the request.
Whenever the CEQ FOIA Officer refers all or any part of the
responsibility for responding to a request to another agency, he or she
will notify the requester of the referral, the name of the agency and
agency official to whom it has been referred, and which portion of the
request has been referred. Unless a request is deemed ``expedited'' as
set forth in Section 1515.7 below, the CEQ FOIA Officer will respond to
requests in order of receipt. CEQ may use two or more processing tracks
by distinguishing between simple and more complex requests based on the
amount of time and work needed to process the request. CEQ may provide
requesters on a slower track an opportunity to limit the scope of their
request in order to qualify for faster processing.
(4) The Council will make a reasonable effort to assist with
defining the request to eliminate extraneous and unwanted materials and
to keep search and copying fees to a minimum. If budgetary constraints
exist, the requester should indicate the maximum

[[Page 1008]]

fee he or she is prepared to pay to acquire the information. (See also
Sec. 1515.11)
(5) The Freedom of Information Act does not require a government
agency to create or research information; rather, it only requires that
existing records be made available to the public.

Sec. 1515.6 CEQ's response to a request.

(a) Upon receipt of any written request for information or records,
under the Act, the CEQ FOIA Officer or his or her designee, will make an
initial determination on the request within 20 days (excepting
Saturdays, Sundays and Federal holidays) from the date CEQ receives the
request unless unusual or exceptional circumstances exist. The CEQ FOIA
Officer will provide written notification of the determination,
including, if applicable, notification that the request has been
referred to another agency for consultation as set forth above in Sec.
1515.5(b)(3). CEQ may make one request to the requester for information
and toll the 20-day period while it is awaiting such information that it
has reasonably requested from the requester. It may also toll the 20-day
period if necessary to clarify with the requester issues regarding fee
assessment. In either case, CEQ's receipt of the requester's response to
its request for information or clarification ends the tolling period.
(b) Requests received by the CEQ FOIA Officer or his or her designee
will be assigned an individualized tracking number if they will take
more than 10 days to process. Requesters may call the FOIA Public
Liaison at (202) 456-6224 and, using the tracking number, obtain
information about the request, including the date on which CEQ
originally received the request and an estimated date on which CEQ will
complete action on the request.
(c) If it is appropriate to grant the request, a staff member will
immediately collect the requested materials in order to accompany,
wherever possible, the Freedom of Information Officer's letter conveying
decision.
(d) If a request is denied in part or in full, the letter conveying
the decision will be signed by the CEQ FOIA Officer, and will include:
The reasons for any denial, including any FOIA exemption(s) applied by
the FOIA Officer in denying the request; an estimate of the volume of
records or information withheld, in number of pages or in some other
reasonable form of estimation. This estimate does not need to be
provided, if the volume is otherwise indicated through exemptions on
records disclosed in part or, if providing an estimate would harm an
interest protected by an applicable exemption; and the procedure for
filing an appeal.

Sec. 1515.7 Expedited processing.

(a) Requests and appeals will be taken out of order and given
expedited treatment whenever it is determined that they involve:
(1) Circumstances in which the lack of expedited treatment could
reasonably be expected to pose an imminent threat to the life or
physical safety of an individual; or
(2) An urgency to inform the public about an actual or alleged
Federal Government activity, if made by a person primarily engaged in
disseminating information.
(b) A request for expedited processing may be made at the time of
the initial request for records or at any later time.
(c) A requester who seeks expedited processing must submit a written
statement, certified to be true and correct to the best of that person's
knowledge and belief, explaining in detail the basis for requesting
expedited processing. For example, a requester within the category
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, if not a full-time member
of the news media, must establish that he or she is a person whose main
professional activity or occupation is information dissemination, though
it need not be his or her sole occupation. A requester within the
category (a)(2) of this section must also establish a particular urgency
to inform the public about the government activity involved in the
request, beyond the public's right to know about government activity
generally. Formal certification may be waived as a matter of
administrative discretion.
(d) Within 10 days of its receipt of a request for expedited
processing, the CEQ FOIA Officer will decide whether

[[Page 1009]]

to grant it and will notify the requester of the decision. If a request
for expedited treatment is granted, the request will be placed in the
expedited processing track, given priority, and processed as soon as
practicable. If a request for expedited processing is denied, any appeal
of that decision will be acted on expeditiously.

Sec. 1515.8 Appeals.

(a) The requester may appeal an adverse determination, in any
respect, to the CEQ FOIA Appeals Officer. Any appeal must be received by
CEQ within 60 days of the date on the CEQ letter denying the request.
(b) Appeals must be in writing and may be sent via e-mail to:
[email protected]. They may also be sent via facsimile to: (202) 456-
0753 or via U.S. mail addressed to: FOIA Appeals Officer, Council on
Environmental Quality, Executive Office of the President, 722 Jackson
Place NW., Washington, DC 20503.
(c) The appeal letter should specify the records requested and ask
the Appeals Officer to review the determination made by the Freedom of
Information Officer. The letter should explain the basis for the appeal.
(d) The Appeals Officer will make a final determination on an appeal
within 20 working days (excepting Saturdays, Sundays and Federal
holidays) from the date CEQ receives the appeal. The Appeals Officer (or
designee) will send a letter to the requester conveying the decision as
soon as it is made. If an appeal is denied, in part or in whole, the
letter will also include the provisions for judicial review.

Sec. 1515.9 Extending CEQ's time to respond.

(a) In unusual circumstances as defined in paragraph (c) of this
section, the time limits for responding to a request (Sec. Sec.
1515.6(a) and 1515.8(d)) may be extended by the Council for not more
than 10 working days. Extensions may be granted by the CEQ FOIA Officer
in the case of initial requests and by the Appeals Officer in the case
of any appeals. The extension period may be split between the initial
request and the appeal but may not exceed 10 working days overall.
Extensions will be confirmed in writing and set forth the reasons for
the extension and the date that the final determination is expected.
(b) With respect to a request for which a written notice under this
section extends the time limits prescribed under Sec. 1515.6(a), the
CEQ FOIA Officer will notify the requester, if the request cannot be
processed within the time limit specified in Sec. 1515.6(a) and provide
an opportunity to limit the scope of the request, so that it may be
processed within that time limit or an opportunity to arrange an
alternative time frame for processing the request or a modified request.
A requester's refusal to reasonably modify the request or arrange such
an alternative time frame will be considered as a factor in determining
whether exceptional circumstances exist for purposes of 5 U.S.C.
552(a)(6)(C). When CEQ reasonably believes that a requester, or a group
of requesters, has submitted a request constituting a single request
that would otherwise satisfy the unusual circumstances specified under
this section, CEQ may aggregate those requests for purposes of this
paragraph. Multiple requests involving unrelated matters will not be
aggregated.
(c) The term ``unusual circumstances'' means:
(1) The need to search for and collect the requested records from
establishments that are separate from the office processing the request;
(2) The need to search for, collect, and appropriately examine a
voluminous amount of separate and distinct records which are demanded in
a single request; or
(3) The need for consultation, which will be conducted with all
practicable speed, with another agency having a substantial interest in
the determination of the request or among two or more components of the
agency having substantial subject-matter interest therein.

Availability of Information

Sec. 1515.10 Obtaining available information.

(a) When a request for information has been granted in whole or in
part,

[[Page 1010]]

CEQ will notify the requester in writing, inform the requester in the
notice of any fee charged under Sec. 1515.11 and will disclose records
to the requester promptly on payment of any applicable fees. The
requested material may be made available on CEQ's Online FOIA Center,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ceq/foia, and also in the
form or format requested if the record is readily reproducible in that
form or format with reasonable effort. When a form or format of the
response is not requested, CEQ will respond in the form or format in
which the document is most accessible to CEQ. ``Readily reproducible''
means, with respect to electronic format, that the requested record or
records can be downloaded or transferred intact to a computer disk or
other electronic medium using equipment currently in use by CEQ.
(b) Records disclosed in part will be marked or annotated to show
information deleted, unless doing so would harm an interest protected by
an applicable exemption. The location of the information deleted will
also be indicated in the record, if technically feasible.
(c) The legislative history of the establishment of CEQ states that
the Congress intended CEQ to be a confidential advisor to the President
on matters of environmental policy. Therefore, members of the public
should be aware that communications between CEQ and the President
(including communications between their staff) may be confidential; they
will usually fall, at a minimum, within Exemption 5 of the Act. The
Freedom of Information Officer shall review each request to determine
whether the record is exclusively factual or may have factual portions
which may be reasonably segregated and made available to the requester.
Furthermore, on the recommendation of the CEQ FOIA Officer or Appeals
Officer, CEQ will consider the release of an entire record, even if it
comes within an exemption or contains policy advice, if its disclosure
would not impair Executive policymaking processes or CEQ's participation
in decisionmaking.

Costs

Sec. 1515.11 Definitions.

For purposes of these regulations:
Commercial use request means a request from or on behalf of a person
who seeks information for a use or purpose that furthers the requester's
or other person's commercial, trade, or profit interests.
Direct costs means those costs incurred in searching for and
duplicating (and, in the case of commercial use requests, reviewing)
documents to respond to a FOIA request. Direct costs include, for
example, salaries of employees who perform the work and costs of
conducting large-scale computer searches.
Duplicate means to copy records to be released to the FOIA
requester. Copies can take the form of paper, audio-visual materials, or
electronic records, among others.
Educational institution means a school that operates a program of
scholarly research.
Non-commercial scientific institution means an institution that is
not operated on a commercial basis and that operates solely for the
purpose of conducting scientific research the results of which are not
intended to promote any particular product or industry.
Representative of the news media means any person or entity that
gathers information of potential interest to a segment of the public,
uses its editorial skills to turn the raw materials into a distinct
work, and distributes that work to an audience.
Review means to examine a record to determine whether any portion of
the record may be withheld and to process a record for disclosure,
including by redacting it.
Search means to look for and retrieve records covered by a FOIA
request, including by looking page-by-page or line-by-line to identify
responsive material within individual records.

Sec. 1515.12 Fees in general.

CEQ shall charge fees that recoup the full allowable direct costs it
incurs in responding to FOIA requests. CEQ may assess charges for time
spent searching for records even if CEQ fails to locate the records or
if the records are located

[[Page 1011]]

and determined to be exempt from disclosure. In general, CEQ shall apply
the following fee schedule, subject to Sec. Sec. 1515.13 through
1515.15:
(a) Manual searches. Time devoted to manual searches shall be
charged on the basis of the salary of the employee(s) conducting the
search (basic hourly rate(s) of pay for the employee(s), plus 16
percent).
(b) Electronic searches. Fees shall reflect the direct cost of
conducting the search. This will include the cost of operating the
central processing unit for that portion of operating time that is
directly attributable to searching for and printing records responsive
to the FOIA request and operator/programmer salary attributable to the
search.
(c) Record reviews. Time devoted to reviewing records shall be
charged on the same basis as under paragraph (a) of this section, but
shall only be applicable to the review of records located in response to
commercial use requests.
(d) Duplication. Fees for copying paper records or for printing
electronic records shall be assessed at a rate of $.15 per page. For
other types of copies such as disks or audio visual tapes, CEQ shall
charge the direct cost of producing the document(s). If total costs are
expected to exceed $25, the FOIA Officer shall provide the requester
with an estimate in writing and, in return, obtain from the requester a
commitment to pay the estimated fee. This does not apply if the
requester has indicated in advance a willingness to pay fees as high as
those anticipated. If a requester wishes to limit costs, the FOIA
Officer shall provide the requester an opportunity to reformulate the
request in order to reduce costs. If the requester reformulates a
request, it shall be considered a new request and the 20-day period
described in Sec. 1515.6(a) shall be deemed to begin when the FOIA
Officer receives the request.
(e)(1) Advance payments required. The FOIA Officer may require a
requester to make an advance deposit of up to the amount of the entire
anticipated fee before the FOIA Officer begins to process the request
if:
(i) The FOIA Officer estimates that the fee will exceed $250; or
(ii) The requester has previously failed to pay a fee in a timely
fashion.
(2) When the FOIA Officer requires a requester to make an advance
payment, the 20-day period described in Sec. 1515.6(a) shall begin when
the FOIA Officer receives the payment.
(f) No assessment of fee. CEQ shall not charge a fee to any
requester if:
(1) The cost of collecting the fee would be equal to or greater than
the fee itself; or
(2) After the effective date of these regulations CEQ fails to
comply with a time limit under the Freedom of Information Act for
responding to the request for records where no unusual or exceptional
circumstances apply.

Sec. 1515.13 Fees for categories of requesters.

CEQ shall assess fees for certain categories of requesters as
follows:
(a) Commercial use requesters. In responding to commercial use
requests, CEQ shall assess fees that recover the full direct costs of
searching for, reviewing, and duplicating records.
(b) Educational and non-commercial scientific institutions. CEQ
shall provide records to requesters in this category for the cost of
duplication alone, excluding charges for the first 100 pages. To qualify
for inclusion in this fee category, a requester must show that the
request is authorized by and is made under the auspices of a qualifying
institution and that the records are sought to further scholarly
research, not an individual goal.
(c) Representatives of the news media. CEQ shall provide records to
requesters in this category for the cost of duplication alone, excluding
charges for the first 100 pages.
(d) All other requesters. CEQ shall charge requesters who do not
fall within paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section fees that recover
the full direct cost of searching for and duplicating records, excluding
charges for the first 100 pages of reproduction and the first two hours
of search time.

Sec. 1515.14 Other charges.

CEQ may apply other charges, including the following:

[[Page 1012]]

(a) Special charges. CEQ shall recover the full cost of providing
special services, such as sending records by express mail, to the extent
that CEQ elects to provide them in that manner.
(b) Interest charges. CEQ may begin assessing interest charges on an
unpaid bill starting on the 31st day following the day on which the FOIA
Officer sent the billing. Interest shall be charged at the rate
prescribed in 31 U.S.C. 3717 and will accrue from the date of billing.
(c) Aggregating requests. When the FOIA Officer reasonably believes
that a requester or a group of requesters acting in concert is
attempting to divide a request into a series of requests for the purpose
of avoiding fees, the FOIA Officer shall aggregate those requests and
charge accordingly.

Sec. 1515.15 Payment and waiver.

(a) Remittances. Payment shall be made in the form of check or money
order made payable to the Treasury of the United States. At the time the
FOIA Officer notifies a requester of the applicable fees, the Officer
shall inform the requester of where to send the payment.
(b) Waiver of fees. CEQ may waive all or part of any fee provided
for in Sec. Sec. 1515.12 and 1515.13 when the FOIA Officer deems that
disclosure of the information is in the general public's interest
because it is likely to contribute significantly to public understanding
of the operations or activities of the government and is not primarily
in the commercial interest of the requester. In determining whether a
fee should be waived, the FOIA Officer may consider whether:
(1) The subject matter specifically concerns identifiable operations
or activities of the government;
(2) The information is already in the public domain;
(3) Disclosure of the information would contribute to the
understanding of the public-at-large as opposed to a narrow segment of
the population;
(4) Disclosure of the information would significantly enhance the
public's understanding of the subject matter;
(5) Disclosure of the information would further a commercial
interest of the requester; and
(6) The public's interest is greater than any commercial interest of
the requester.

Sec. 1515.16 Other rights and services.

Nothing in this subpart will be construed to entitle any person, as
of right, to any service or to the disclosure of any record to which
such person is not entitled under the FOIA.

Sec. Sec. 1515.17-1515.19 [Reserved]

PART 1516_PRIVACY ACT IMPLEMENTATION--Table of Contents

Sec.
1516.1 Purpose and scope.
1516.2 Definitions.
1516.3 Procedures for requests pertaining to individual records in a
record system.
1516.4 Times, places, and requirements for the identification of the
individual making a request.
1516.5 Disclosure of requested information to the individual.
1516.6 Request for correction or amendment to the record.
1516.7 Agency review of request for correction or amendment of the
record.
1516.8 Appeal of an initial adverse agency determination on correction
or amendment of the record.
1516.9 Disclosure of a record to a person other than the individual to
whom the record pertains.
1516.10 Fees.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552a; Pub. L. 93-579.

Source: 42 FR 32537, June 27, 1977, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1516.1 Purpose and scope.

The purposes of these regulations are to:
(a) Establish a procedure by which an individual can determine if
the Council on Environmental Quality (hereafter known as the Council)
maintains a system of records which includes a record pertaining to the
individual; and
(b) Establish a procedure by which an individual can gain access to
a record pertaining to him or her for the purpose of review, amendment
and/or correction.

Sec. 1516.2 Definitions.

For the purpose of these regulations:
(a) The term individual means a citizen of the United States or an
alien

[[Page 1013]]

lawfully admitted for permanent residence;
(b) The term maintain means maintain, collect, use or disseminate;
(c) The term record means any item or collection or grouping of
information about an individual that is maintained by the Council
(including, but not limited to, his or her employment history, payroll
information, and financial transactions), and that contains his or her
name, or an identifying number, symbol, or other identifying particular
assigned to the individual such as a social security number;
(d) The term system of records means a group of any records under
the control of the Council from which information is retrieved by the
name of the individual or by some identifying number, symbol, or other
identifying particular assigned to the individual; and
(e) The term routine use means with respect to the disclosure of a
record, the use of such record for a purpose which is compatible with
the purpose for which it was collected.

Sec. 1516.3 Procedures for requests pertaining to individual records in a

record system.

An individual shall submit a written request to the Administrative
Officer of the Council to determine if a system of records named by the
individual contains a record pertaining to the individual. The
individual shall submit a written request to the Administrative Officer
of the Council which states the individual's desire to review his or her
record. The Administrative Officer of the Council is available to answer
questions regarding these regulations and to provide assistance in
locating records in the Council's system of records.

[42 FR 32537, June 27, 1977; 42 FR 35960, July 13, 1977]

Sec. 1516.4 Times, places, and requirements for the identification of the

individual making a request.

An individual making a request to the Administrative Officer of the
Council pursuant to Sec. 1516.3 shall present the request at the
Council's office, 722 Jackson Place NW., Washington, DC 20006, on any
business day between the hours of 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. and should be
prepared to identify himself by signature. Requests will also be
accepted in writing if mailed to the Council's offices and signed by the
requester.

Sec. 1516.5 Disclosure of requested information to the individual.

Upon verification of identity, the Council shall disclose to the
individual the information contained in the record which pertains to
that individual.
(a) The individual may be accompanied for this purpose by a person
of his choosing.
(b) Upon request of the individual to whom the record pertains, all
information in the accounting of disclosures will be made available.

[42 FR 35960, July 13, 1977]

Sec. 1516.6 Request for correction or amendment to the record.

The individual may submit a request to the Administrative Officer of
the Council which states the individual's desire to correct or to amend
his or her record. This request must be made in accordance with the
procedures of Sec. 1516.4 and shall describe in detail the change which
is requested.

[42 FR 32537, June 27, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 35960, July 13, 1977]

Sec. 1516.7 Agency review of request for correction or amendment of the

record.

Within ten working days of the receipt of a request to correct or to
amend a record, the Administrative Officer of the Council will
acknowledge in writing such receipt and promptly either:
(a) Make any correction or amendment of any portion thereof which
the individual believes is not accurate, relevant, timely, or complete;
or
(b) Inform the individual of his or her refusal to correct or amend
the record in accordance with the request, the reason for the refusal,
and the procedure established by the Council for the individual to
request a review of that refusal.

[[Page 1014]]

Sec. 1516.8 Appeal of an initial adverse agency determination on correction

or amendment of the record.

An individual may appeal refusal by the Administrative Officer of
the Council to correct or to amend his or her record by submitting a
request for a review of such refusal to the General Counsel, Council on
Environmental Quality, 722 Jackson Place NW., Washington, DC 20006. The
General Counsel shall, not later than thirty working days from the date
on which the individual requests such a review, complete such review and
make a final determination unless, for good cause shown, the General
Counsel extends such thirty day period. If, after his or her review, the
General Counsel also refuses to correct or to amend the record in
accordance with the request, the individual may file with the Council a
concise statement setting forth the reasons for his or her disagreement
with the General Counsel's decision and may seek judicial relief under 5
U.S.C. 552a(g)(1)(A).

Sec. 1516.9 Disclosure of a record to a person other than the individual to

whom the record pertains.

The Council will not disclose a record to any individual other than
to the individual to whom the record pertains without receiving the
prior written consent of the individual to whom the record pertains,
unless the disclosure either has been listed as a ``routine use'' in the
Council's notices of its systems of records or falls within the special
conditions of disclosure set forth in section 3 of the Privacy Act of
1974.

Sec. 1516.10 Fees.

If an individual requests copies of his or her record, he or she
shall be charged ten cents per page, excluding the cost of any search
for the record, in advance of receipt of the pages.

PART 1517_PUBLIC MEETING PROCEDURES OF THE COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY--

Table of Contents

Sec.
1517.1 Policy and scope.
1517.2 Definitions.
1517.3 Open meeting requirement.
1517.4 Exceptions.
1517.5 Procedure for closing meetings.
1517.6 Notice of meetings.
1517.7 Records of closed meetings.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552b(g); Pub. L. 94-409.

Source: 42 FR 20818, Apr. 22, 1977, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1517.1 Policy and scope.

Consistent with the policy that the public is entitled to the
fullest information regarding the decisionmaking processes of the
Federal Government, it is the purpose of this part to open the meetings
of the Council on Environmental Quality to public observation while
protecting the rights of individuals and the ability of the Council to
carry out its primary responsibility of providing advice to the
President. Actions taken by the Chairman acting as Director of the
Office of Environmental Quality and Council actions involving advice to
the President when such advice is not formulated collegially during a
meeting are outside the scope of this part. In addition to conducting
the meetings required by this part, it is the Council's policy to
conduct, open to public observation, periodic meetings involving Council
discussions of Council business, including where appropriate, matters
outside the scope of this part. This part does not affect the procedures
set forth in part 1515 pursuant to which records of the Council are made
available to the public for inspection and copying, except that the
exemptions set forth in Sec. 1517.4(a) shall govern in the case of any
request made to copy or inspect the transcripts, recording or minutes
described in Sec. 1517.7.

[47 FR 6277, Feb. 11, 1982]

Sec. 1517.2 Definitions.

For the purpose of this part:
(a) The term Council shall mean the Council on Environmental Quality
established under title II of the National Environmental Policy Act of
1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 through 4347).
(b) The term meeting means the deliberations of at least two Council
members where such deliberations determine or result in the joint
conduct or disposition of official collegial Council business, but does
not include deliberations to take actions to open or close a

[[Page 1015]]

meeting under Sec. Sec. 1517.4 and 1517.5 or to release or withhold
information under Sec. Sec. 1517.4 and 1517.7. ``Meeting'' shall not be
construed to prevent Council members from considering individually
Council business that is circulated to them sequentially in writing.
(c) Director means the Chairman of the Council on Environmental
Quality acting as the head of the Office of Environmental Quality
pursuant to the Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970, Pub. L.
91-224, 42 U.S.C. 4371 through 4374.

[44 FR 34946, June 18, 1979, as amended at 47 FR 6277, Feb. 11, 1982]

Sec. 1517.3 Open meeting requirement.

(a) Every portion of every meeting of the Council is open to public
observation subject to the exemptions provided in Sec. 1517.4. Members
of the Council may not jointly conduct or dispose of the business of the
Council other than in accordance with this part.
(b) The Council will conduct open to public observation periodic
meetings involving Council discussions of Council business including
where appropriate matters outside the scope of this part. Such meetings
will be noticed pursuant to Sec. 1517.6.
(c) Members of the public may attend open meetings of the Council
for the sole purpose of observation and may not participate in or
photograph any meeting without prior permission of the Council. Members
of the public who desire to participate in or photograph an open meeting
of the Council may request permission to do so from the General Counsel
of the Council before such meeting. Members of the public may record
open meetings of the Council by means of any mechanical or electronic
device unless the Council determines such recording would disrupt the
orderly conduct of such meeting.

[44 FR 34946, June 18, 1979, as amended at 47 FR 6277, Feb. 11, 1982]

Sec. 1517.4 Exceptions.

(a) A meeting or portion thereof may be closed to public
observation, and information pertaining to such meeting or portion
thereof may be withheld from the public, if the Council determines that
such meeting or portion thereof or disclosure of such information is
likely to:
(1) Disclose matters that are (i) specifically authorized under
criteria established by an Executive order to be kept secret in the
interest of national defense or foreign policy and (ii) in fact properly
classified pursuant to that Executive order;
(2) Relate solely to the internal personnel rules and practices of
the Council;
(3) Disclose matters specifically exempted from disclosure by
statute (other than the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552),
provided that the statute: (i) Requires that the matters be withheld
from the public in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue,
or (ii) establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to
particular types of matters to be withheld;
(4) Disclose the trade secrets and commercial or financial
information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential;
(5) Involve accusing any person of a crime, or formally censuring
any person;
(6) Disclose information of a personal nature if disclosure would
constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;
(7) Disclose investigatory records compiled for law enforcement
purposes, or information which if written would be contained in such
records, but only to the extent that the production of those records or
information would:
(i) Interfere with enforcement proceedings,
(ii) Deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial
adjudication,
(iii) Constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy,
(iv) Disclose the identity of a confidential source and, in the case
of a record compiled by a criminal law enforcement authority in the
course of a criminal investigation, or by an agency conducting a lawful
national security intelligence investigation, confidential information
furnished only by the confidential source,
(v) Disclose investigative techniques and procedures, or,
(vi) Endanger the life or physical safety of law enforcement
personnel;

[[Page 1016]]

(8) Disclose information contained in or related to examination,
operating, or condition reports prepared by, on behalf of, or for the
use of an agency responsible for the regulation or supervision of
financial institutions;
(9) Disclose information the premature disclosure of which would be
likely to significantly frustrate implementation of a proposed action of
the Council. This exception shall not apply in any instance where the
Council has already disclosed to the public the content or nature of the
proposed action, or where the Council is required by law to make such
disclosure on its own initiative prior to taking final action on the
proposal; or
(10) Specifically concern the issuance of a subpoena by the Council,
or the participation of the Council in a civil action or proceeding, an
action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration,
or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by the Council of a
particular case of formal adjudication pursuant to the procedures in 5
U.S.C. 554 or otherwise involving a determination on the record after
opportunity for a hearing.
(b) Before a meeting is closed to public observation the Council
shall determine whether or not the public interest requires that the
meeting be open. The Council may open a meeting to public observation
which could be closed under paragraph (a) of this section, if the
Council finds it to be in the public interest to do so.

Sec. 1517.5 Procedure for closing meetings.

(a) A majority of the entire membership of the Council may vote to
close to public observation a meeting or a portion or portions thereof,
or to withhold information pertaining to such meeting. A separate vote
of the members of the Council shall be taken with respect to each
meeting of the Council, a portion or portions of which are proposed to
be closed to the observation of the public or with respect to any
information concerning such meetings or portion thereof. A single vote
may be taken with respect to a series of meetings, a portion or portions
of which are proposed to be closed to the public, or with respect to
information concerning such series of meetings, so long as each meeting
in such series involves the same particular matters and is scheduled to
be held no more than thirty days after the initial meeting in such
series. The vote of each member of the Council participating in a vote
shall be recorded and no proxies shall be allowed.
(b) Whenever any person whose interest may be directly affected by a
portion of a meeting requests that the Council close that portion to
public observation for any of the reasons referred to in Sec. 1517.4(a)
the Council, upon request of any of the members of the Council, shall
decide by recorded vote whether to close that portion of the meeting.
(c) For every meeting or portion thereof closed under this part, the
General Counsel of the Council before such meeting is closed shall
publicly certify that, in his or her opinion, the meeting may properly
be closed to the public stating each relevant exemptive provision. The
Council shall retain a copy of the General Counsel's certification,
together with a statement from the presiding officer of the meeting
setting forth the time and place of the meeting and listing the persons
present.
(d) Within one day of any vote taken on a proposal to close a
meeting, the Council shall make publicly available a record reflecting
the vote of each member on the question. In addition, within one day of
any vote which closes a portion or portions of a meeting to the public,
the Council shall make publicly available a full written explanation of
its closure action together with a list naming all persons expected to
attend and identifying their affiliation, unless such disclosure would
reveal the information that the meeting itself was closed to protect.
(e) Following any announcement that the Council intends to close a
meeting or portion thereof, any person may make a request that the
meeting or portion thereof be opened. Such request shall be made of the
Chairman of the Council who shall ensure that the request is circulated
to all members of the Council on the same business day on which it is
received. The request shall set forth the reasons why the requestor
believes the meeting should be

[[Page 1017]]

open. The Council upon the request of any member or its General Counsel,
shall vote on the request.

Sec. 1517.6 Notice of meetings.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Council shall
make a public announcement at least one week before a meeting, to
include the following:
(1) Time, place, and subject matter of the meeting;
(2) Whether the meeting is to be open or closed; and
(3) Name and telephone number of the official who will respond to
requests for information about the meeting.
(b) A majority of the members of the Council may determine by
recorded vote that the business of the Council requires a meeting to be
called with less than one week's notice. At the earliest practicable
time, the Council shall publicly announce the time, place and subject
matter of the meeting, and whether or not it is to be open or closed to
the public.
(c) If announcement of the subject matter of a closed meeting would
reveal the information that the meeting itself was closed to protect,
the subject matter shall not be announced.
(d) Following the public announcement required by paragraph (a) or
(b) of this section:
(1) A majority of the members of the Council may change the time or
place of a meeting. At the earliest practicable time, the Council shall
publicly announce the change.
(2) A majority of the entire membership of the Council may change
the subject matter of a meeting, or the determination to open or close a
meeting to the public, if it determines by a recorded vote that the
change is required by the business of the Council and that no earlier
announcement of the change was possible. At the earliest practicable
time, the Council shall publicly announce the change, and the vote of
each member upon the change.
(e) Individuals or organizations having a special interest in
activities of the Council may request the Council to place them on a
mailing list for receipt of information available under this section.
(f) Following public announcement of a meeting, the time or place of
a meeting may be changed only if the change is announced publicly at the
earliest practicable time. The subject matter of a meeting or the
determination to open or close a meeting may be changed following public
announcement of a meeting only if both of the following conditions are
met:
(1) There must be a recorded vote of a majority of the Council that
the business of the Council requires the change and that no earlier
announcement of such change was possible; and
(2) There must be a public announcement of the change and of the
individual Council members' votes at the earliest practicable time.
(g) Immediately following each public announcement required by this
section, the following information, as applicable, shall be submitted
for publication in the Federal Register.
(1) Notice of the time, place, and subject matter of a meeting;
(2) Whether the meeting is open or closed;
(3) Any change in one of the preceding; and
(4) The name and telephone number of the official who will respond
to requests for information about the meeting.

Sec. 1517.7 Records of closed meetings.

(a) A record of each meeting or portion thereof which is closed to
the public shall be made and retained for two years or for one year
after the conclusion of any Council proceeding involved in the meeting
whichever occurs later. The record of any portion of a meeting closed to
the public shall be a verbatim transcript or electronic recording. In
lieu of a transcript or recording, a comprehensive set of minutes may be
produced if the closure decision was made pursuant to Sec. 1517.4(a)
(8) or (10).
(b) If minutes are produced, such minutes shall fully and clearly
describe all matters discussed, provide a full and accurate summary of
any actions taken and the reasons expressed therefor, and include a
description of each of the views expressed on any item. The minutes
shall also reflect the vote of each member of the Council on any roll

[[Page 1018]]

call vote taken during the proceedings and identify all documents
produced at the meeting.
(c) The following documents shall be retained by the Council as part
of the transcript, recording, or minutes of the meeting:
(1) Certification by the General Counsel that the meeting may
properly be closed; and
(2) Statement from the presiding officer of the meeting setting
forth the date, time, and place of the meeting and listing the persons
present.
(d) The Council shall make promptly available to the public at its
offices at 722 Jackson Place, NW., Washington, DC the transcript,
electronic recording, or minutes maintained as a record of a closed
meeting, except for such information as may be withheld under one of the
provisions of Sec. 1517.5. Copies of such transcript, minutes, or
transcription of an electronic recording, disclosing the identity of
each speaker, shall be furnished to any person at the actual cost of
duplication or transcription.
(e) [Reserved]
(f) Requests to review or obtain copies of records other than
transcripts, electronic recordings or minutes of a meeting will be
processed under the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552) or, where
applicable, the Privacy Act of 1974. (5 U.S.C. 552a). Nothing in these
regulations authorizes the Council to withhold from any individual any
record, including the transcripts or electronic recordings described in
Sec. 1517.8, to which the individual may have access under the Privacy
Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a).

PART 1518_OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT FUND--Table of Contents

Sec.
1518.1 Purpose.
1518.2 Definitions.
1518.3 Policy.
1518.4 Procedures.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 4375(c).

Source: 67 FR 62189, Oct. 4, 2002, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1518.1 Purpose.

The purpose of the OEQ Management Fund is to finance:
(a) Study contracts that are jointly sponsored by OEQ and one or
more other Federal agency; and
(b) Federal interagency environmental projects (including task
forces) in which OEQ participates. See 42 U.S.C. 4375(a).

Sec. 1518.2 Definitions.

(a) Advance Payment: Amount of money prepaid pursuant to statutory
authorization in contemplation of the later receipt of goods, services,
or other assets.
(b) Director: The Director of the Office of Environmental Quality.
The Environmental Quality Improvement Act specifies that the Chairman of
the Council on Environmental quality shall serve as the Director of OEQ.
42 U.S.C. 4372(a).
(c) OEQ Management Fund (``Fund''): The Management Fund for the
Office of Environmental Quality.
(d) Interagency Agreement: A document jointly executed by OEQ and
another agency or agencies, which sets forth the details of a joint
study or project and the funding arrangements for such a study or
project.
(e) Project Officer: The Council on Environmental Quality staff
member charged with day-to-day supervision of an OEQ Management Fund
study or project.
(f) Source: The agency or account from which funds are contributed
into the Fund.

Sec. 1518.3 Policy.

(a) All studies and projects financed through the OEQ Management
Fund shall be consistent with the purposes and goals of the National
Environmental Policy Act and/or the Environmental Quality Improvement
Act.
(b) Agency funds accepted by the Director for transfer into the OEQ
Management Fund shall specify the purposes permissible under the source
appropriation and any restrictions relating thereto.
(c) The Director may authorize expenditures to support OEQ
Management Fund studies and projects, including:

[[Page 1019]]

(1) Leasing office space and providing utilities;
(2) Leasing or purchasing equipment;
(3) Funding travel;
(4) Contracting for goods and services; and
(5) Funding consultants and personnel costs for task force
employees.
(d) In carrying out the purposes of the OEQ Management Fund, the
Director is authorized to contract with public or private agencies,
institutions, organizations and individuals, by negotiation, without
regard to 31 U.S.C. 3324(a) and (b) 41 U.S.C. 5, and 42 U.S.C. 4372(e).
All such contracting activities shall be accomplished through the Office
of Administration, Executive Office of the President. The Director may,
by interagency agreement with another federal agency or agencies and
with the concurrence of the Office of Administration's Financial
Management Division, obtain specific administrative services (including
contracting activities) in support of OEQ Management Fund studies or
projects.
(e) Task forces and projects funded by the OEQ Management Fund are
permitted to make expenditures for all project and study activities,
except for compensation or benefits for full-time OEQ employees or to
reimburse OEQ or CEQ for ordinarily appropriated expenses, such as
salaries, benefits, rent, telephone and supplies.

Sec. 1518.4 Procedures.

(a) Charters: (1) A charter must be prepared for each project or
study to be financed and supported by the OEQ Management Fund.
(2) The charter must clearly state the relation of the study or
project to the goals and purposes of the Office of Environmental Quality
and the National Environmental Policy Act; describe the study or
project; identify the participating agency or agencies; provide the
names, titles and phone numbers of the Project Officer and
administrative contact.
(3) Charters may be amended by preparing a formal amendment, which
sets forth the new language to be incorporated in the existing charter.
(4) The Director shall approve all Management Fund charters and
amendments in writing.
(5) Copies of each charter and charter amendment approved by the
Director shall be provided to the Contracts Branch and the Financial
Management Division of the Office of Administration, Executive Office of
the President.
(b) Finances and accounting: (1) Annual budget estimates shall be
prepared for the OEQ Management Fund.
(2) An operating budget for each project or study shall be submitted
to the Financial Management Division of the Office of Administration,
Executive Office of the President.
(3) All contributions from other agencies to the OEQ Management Fund
for a joint study or project shall be accomplished by interagency
agreements, which shall provide for full payment of funds on an advance
basis. 42 U.S.C. 4375(a).
(4) All contributions by the Office of Environmental Quality or the
Council on Environmental Quality to the OEQ Management Fund for a joint
study or project shall be accomplished by a letter of transmittal which
specifies the particular study or project to be funded. A copy of this
transmittal letter shall be provided to the Financial Management
Division of the Office of Administration, Executive Office of the
President.
(5) The OEQ Management Fund is a no-year appropriations account,
which can accept one-year or multiple-year funds, and is available until
the objectives for which the authority was made available are attained.
Funds transferred into the Management Fund are individually accounted
for and expire under the terms of their appropriation.
(6) Any agency, including the Office of Environmental Quality and
the Council on Environmental Quality, may provide technical expertise,
physical resources, facilities, equipment, or other assets; perform
support or administrative services; or assign detailees or agency
representatives to an OEQ Management Fund project or study. These
contributions may be in addition to funding.
(7) Subaccounts shall be established within OEQ Management Fund for
each project or study. All expenditures for a particular project or
study must be matched with the source contribution

[[Page 1020]]

and approved by the Director or the Project Officer.
(8) The Director may transfer Management Fund resources for any
study or project to other federal accounts or other OEQ subaccounts
provided that the transfer:
(i) Is approved in writing by the source agency that provided the
portion of the funds being transferred;
(ii) Promotes the statutory mission of OEQ; and
(iii) Is justified by the Director as being in the best interests of
the government.
(9) Financial transactions shall be classified under each Management
Funds subaccount in sufficient detail to satisfy management planning,
control requirements and financial audit requirements.
(10) All fund expenditures must comport with the purposes of the
Management Fund and follow CEQ approval procedures. Any fund
expenditures pursuant to interagency agreement for the provision of
administrative services shall comport with the CEQ approval procedures
specified in the interagency agreement.

[[Page 1021]]

CHAPTER VI--CHEMICAL SAFETY AND HAZARD INVESTIGATION BOARD

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Part Page
1600 Organization and functions of the Chemical
Safety and Hazard Investigation Board... 1023
1601 Procedures for disclosure of records under
the Freedom of Information Act.......... 1024
1602 Protection of privacy and access to
individual records under the Privacy Act
of 1974................................. 1036
1603 Rules implementing the Government in the
Sunshine Act............................ 1040
1610 Administrative investigations............... 1045
1611 Testimony by employees in legal proceedings. 1047
1612 Production of records in legal proceedings.. 1050
1613-1619

[Reserved]

1620 Administrative claims arising under the
Federal Tort Claims Act................. 1051
1621-1699 [Reserved]

[[Page 1023]]

PART 1600_ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CHEMICAL SAFETY AND HAZARD

INVESTIGATION BOARD--Table of Contents

Sec.
1600.1 Purpose.
1600.2 Organization.
1600.3 Functions.
1600.4 Operation.
1600.5 Quorum and voting requirements.
1600.6 Office location.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 552(a)(1); 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6)(N).

Source: 68 FR 65403, Nov. 20, 2003, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1600.1 Purpose.

This part describes the organization, functions, and operation of
the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB). The CSB is an
independent agency of the United States created by the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 [Pub. L. 101-549, 104 Stat. 2399, codified at 42
U.S.C. 7412(r)(6) et seq.]. Information about the CSB is available from
its Web site, http://www.csb.gov.

Sec. 1600.2 Organization.

(a) The CSB's Board consists of five Members appointed by the
President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The President
designates one of the Members as Chairperson with the advice and consent
of the Senate. The Members exercise various functions, powers, and
duties set forth in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (42 U.S.C.
7412(r)(6) et seq.).
(b) The CSB's staff is comprised of the following administrative
units:
(1) The Office of the Chief Operating Officer;
(2) The Office of Investigations and Safety Programs;
(3) The Office of the General Counsel;
(4) The Office of Financial Operations;
(5) The Office of Management Operations; and
(6) The Office of Equal Employment Opportunity.

Sec. 1600.3 Functions.

(a) The CSB investigates chemical accidents and hazards,
recommending actions to protect workers, the public, and the
environment. The CSB is responsible for the investigation and
determination of the facts, conditions, and circumstances and the cause
or probable cause or causes of any accidental release resulting in a
fatality, serious injury, or substantial property damages.
(b) The CSB makes safety recommendations to Federal, State, and
local agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration and private organizations
to reduce the likelihood of recurrences of chemical incidents. It
initiates and conducts safety studies and special investigations on
matters pertaining to chemical safety.
(c) The CSB issues reports pursuant to its duties to determine the
cause or probable cause or causes of chemical incidents and to report
the facts, conditions, and circumstances relating to such incidents; and
issues and makes available to the public safety recommendations, safety
studies, and reports of special investigations.

Sec. 1600.4 Operation.

In exercising its functions, duties, and responsibilities, the CSB
utilizes:
(a) The CSB's staff, consisting of specialized offices performing
investigative, administrative, legal, and financial work for the Board.
(b) Rules published in the Federal Register and codified in this
title of the Code of Federal Regulations.
(c) Meetings of the Board Members conducted pursuant to the
Government in the Sunshine Act and part 1603 of this title (CSB Rules
Implementing the Government in the Sunshine Act) or voting by notation
as provided in Sec. 1600.5(b).
(d) Public hearings in connection with incident or hazard
investigations.

Sec. 1600.5 Quorum and voting requirements.

(a) Quorum requirements. A quorum of the Board for the transaction
of business shall consist of three Members; provided, however, that if
the number of Board Members in office is fewer than three, a quorum
shall consist of the number of Members in Office; and provided further
that on any matter of

[[Page 1024]]

business as to which the number of Members in office, minus the number
of Members who have disqualified themselves from consideration of such
matter is two, two Members shall constitute a quorum for purposes of
such matter. Once a quorum is constituted, a simple majority of voting
Members is required to approve an item of the Board's business. A tie
vote results in no action.
(b) Voting. The Board votes on items of business in meetings
conducted pursuant to the Government in the Sunshine Act. Alternatively,
whenever a Member of the Board is of the opinion that joint deliberation
among the members of the Board upon any matter at a meeting is
unnecessary in light of the nature of the matter, impracticable, or
would impede the orderly disposition of agency business, such matter may
be disposed of by employing notation voting procedures. A written
notation of the vote of each participating Board member shall be
recorded by the General Counsel who shall retain it in the records of
the Board.

Sec. 1600.6 Office location.

The principal offices of the Chemical Safety and Hazard
Investigation Board are located at 2175 K Street NW, Washington, DC
20037.

PART 1601_PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF

INFORMATION ACT--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Purpose, Scope, and Applicability

Sec.
1601.1 Purpose and scope.
1601.2 Applicability.
1601.3 Definitions.

Subpart B_Administration

1601.10 Protection of records.
1601.11 Preservation of records pertaining to requests under this part.
1601.12 Public reading room.

Subpart C_Procedures for Requesting and Disclosing Records

1601.20 Requests for records.
1601.21 Responses to requests.
1601.22 Form and content of responses.
1601.23 Appeals of denials.
1601.24 Timing of responses to requests.
1601.25 Disclosure of requested records.
1601.26 Special procedures for confidential business information.

Subpart D_Fees

1601.30 Fees to be charged--general.
1601.31 Fees to be charged--categories of requesters.
1601.32 Limitations on charging fees.
1601.33 Miscellaneous fee provisions.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552, 553; 42 U.S.C. 7412 et seq.

Source: 65 FR 70499, Nov. 24, 2000, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Purpose, Scope, and Applicability

Sec. 1601.1 Purpose and scope.

This part contains the regulations of the United States Chemical
Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (``CSB'' or ``Board'' or
``agency'') implementing the Freedom of Information Act (``FOIA'').
These regulations provide procedures by which members of the public may
obtain access to records compiled, created, and maintained by the CSB,
along with procedures it must follow in response to such requests for
records.

Sec. 1601.2 Applicability.

(a) General. The FOIA and the regulations in this part apply to all
CSB documents and information. However, if another law sets specific
procedures for disclosure, the CSB will process a request in accordance
with the procedures that apply to those specific documents. If a request
is received for disclosure of a document to the public which is not
required to be released under those provisions, the CSB will consider
the request under the FOIA and the regulations in this part.
(b) Records available through routine distribution procedures. When
the record requested includes material published and offered for sale,
e.g., by the Superintendent of Documents of the Government Printing
Office, or by an authorized private distributor, the CSB will first
refer the requester to those sources. Nevertheless, if the requester is
not satisfied with the alternative

[[Page 1025]]

sources, the CSB will process the request under the FOIA.

Sec. 1601.3 Definitions.

Appeals Officer means the person designated by the Chairperson to
process appeals of denials of requests for CSB records under the FOIA.
Business submitter means any person or entity which provides
confidential business information, directly or indirectly, to the CSB
and who has a proprietary interest in the information.
Chairperson means the Chairperson of the CSB (including, in the
absence of a Chairperson, the Board Member supervising personnel
matters) or his or her designee.
Commercial-use requester means requesters seeking information for a
use or purpose that furthers the commercial, trade, or profit interests
of the requester or the person on whose behalf the request is made. In
determining whether a requester properly belongs in this category, the
CSB shall determine, whenever reasonably possible, the use to which a
requester will put the documents requested. Where the CSB has reasonable
cause to doubt the use to which a requester will put the records sought,
or where that use is not clear from the request itself, the CSB shall
seek additional clarification before assigning the request to a specific
category.
Confidential business information means records provided to the
government by a submitter that arguably contain material exempt from
disclosure under Exemption 4 of the FOIA, because disclosure could
reasonably be expected to cause substantial competitive harm.
Direct costs means those expenditures by the CSB actually incurred
in searching for and duplicating records to respond to a FOIA request.
Direct costs include the salary of the employee or employees performing
the work (the basic rate of pay for the employee plus a percentage of
that rate to cover benefits) and the cost of operating duplicating
machinery. Direct costs do not include overhead expenses, such as the
cost of space and heating or lighting of the facility in which the
records are stored.
Duplication refers to the process of making a copy of a document
necessary to fulfill a FOIA request. Such copies can take the form of,
among other things, paper copy, microform, audio-visual materials, or
machine-readable documentation. The copies provided shall be in a form
that is reasonably usable by requesters.
Educational institution refers to a preschool, a public or private
elementary or high school, an institution of undergraduate higher
education, an institution of graduate higher education, an institution
of professional education, and an institution of vocational education,
which operates a program of scholarly research.
FOIA Officer means the person designated to process requests for CSB
documents under the FOIA.
Non-commercial scientific institution refers to an institution that
is not operated on a commercial basis as that term is used above in
defining commercial-use requester, and which is operated solely for the
purpose of conducting scientific research the results of which are not
intended to promote any particular product or industry.
Record includes any writing, drawing, map, recording, tape, film,
photo, or other documentary material by which information is preserved.
Representative of the news media refers to any person actively
gathering news for an entity that is organized and operated to publish
or broadcast news to the public. The term news means information that is
about current events or that would be of current interest to the public.
For freelance journalists to be regarded as working for a news
organization, they must demonstrate a solid basis for expecting
publication through that organization. A publication contract would be
the clearest proof, but components shall also look to the past
publication record of a requester in making this determination.
Requester means any person, including an individual, Indian tribe,
partnership, corporation, association, or public or private organization
other than a Federal agency, that requests access to records in the
possession of the CSB.
Review refers to the process of examining a record, in response to a
FOIA

[[Page 1026]]

request, to determine whether any portion of that record may be withheld
under one or more of the FOIA exemptions. It also includes the
processing of any record for disclosure; for example, redacting
information that is exempt from disclosure under the FOIA. Review does
not include time spent resolving general legal or policy issues
regarding the use of FOIA exemptions.
Search refers to the time spent looking for material that is
responsive to a request, including page-by-page or line-by-line
identification of material within a document. The CSB shall ensure that
searches are conducted in the most efficient and least expensive manner
reasonably possible.
Submitter means any person or entity who provides information
directly or indirectly to the CSB. The term includes, but is not limited
to, corporations, Indian tribal governments, state governments, and
foreign governments.
Working day means a Federal workday that does not include Saturdays,
Sundays, or Federal holidays.

Subpart B_Administration

Sec. 1601.10 Protection of records.

(a) Except as authorized by this part or as otherwise necessary in
performing official duties, no employee shall in any manner disclose or
permit disclosure of any document or information in the possession of
the CSB that is confidential or otherwise of a nonpublic nature,
including that regarding the CSB, the Environmental Protection Agency or
the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
(b) No person may, without permission, remove from the place where
it is made available any record made available to him for inspection or
copying. Stealing, altering, mutilating, obliterating, or destroying, in
whole or in part, such a record shall be deemed a crime.

Sec. 1601.11 Preservation of records pertaining to requests under this part.

The CSB will preserve all correspondence pertaining to the requests
that it receives under this part, as well as copies of all requested
records, until disposition or destruction is authorized by Title 44 of
the United States Code or the National Archives and Records
Administration's General Records Schedule 14. Records will not be
disposed of while they are the subject of a pending request, appeal, or
lawsuit under the FOIA.

Sec. 1601.12 Public reading room.

(a) The CSB maintains a public reading room that contains the
records that the FOIA requires to be made regularly available for public
inspection and copying as well as a current subject-matter index of its
reading room records.
(b) Because of the lack of requests to date for material required to
be indexed, the CSB has determined that it is unnecessary and
impracticable to publish quarterly, or more frequently, and distribute
(by sale or otherwise) copies of each index and supplements thereto, as
provided in 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(2). However, the CSB will provide a copy of
such indexes to a member of the public upon request, at a cost not to
exceed the direct cost of duplication and mailing, if sending records by
other than ordinary mail.
(c) The CSB maintains a public reading room at its headquarters:
2175 K Street, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20037-1809.
(d) Copying. The cost of copying information available in the
offices of the CSB shall be imposed on a requester in accordance with
the provisions of Sec. Sec. 1601.30 through 1601.33.
(e) The CSB also makes reading room records available electronically
through the agency's World Wide Web site (which can be found at http://
www.csb.gov). This includes the index of its reading room records,
indicating which records are available electronically.

Subpart C_Procedures for Requesting and Disclosing Records

Sec. 1601.20 Requests for records.

(a) Addressing requests. Requests for records in the possession of
the CSB shall be made in writing. The envelope and the request both
should be clearly marked FOIA Request and addressed to: FOIA Officer,
United States Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board,

[[Page 1027]]

2175 K Street, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20037-1809. A request
improperly addressed will be deemed not to have been received for the
purposes of Sec. 1601.24(a) until it is received, or would have been
received with the exercise of due diligence, by the FOIA Officer.
Records requested in conformance with this section and which are not
withholdable records may be obtained in person or by mail as specified
in the request. Records to be obtained in person will be available for
inspection or copying during business hours on a regular business day in
the office of the CSB.
(b) Description of records. Each request must reasonably describe
the desired records in sufficient detail to enable CSB personnel to
locate the records with a reasonable amount of effort. A request for a
specific category of records will be regarded as fulfilling this
requirement if it enables responsive records to be identified by a
technique or process that is not unreasonably burdensome or disruptive
of CSB operations.
(1) Whenever possible, a request should include specific information
about each record sought, such as the date, title or name, author,
recipient, and subject matter of the record.
(2) If the FOIA Officer determines that a request does not
reasonably describe the records sought, he or she will either advise the
requester what additional information is needed to locate the record or
otherwise state why the request is insufficient. The FOIA Officer will
also extend to the requester an opportunity to confer with CSB personnel
with the objective of reformulating the request in a manner which will
meet the requirements of this section.
(c) Agreement to pay fees. A FOIA request shall be considered an
agreement by the requester to pay all applicable fees charged under
Sec. Sec. 1601.30 through 1601.33 up to $25, unless the requester seeks
a waiver of fees. The CSB ordinarily will confirm this agreement in an
acknowledgement letter. When making a request, you may specify a
willingness to pay a greater or lesser amount.
(d) Types of records not available. The FOIA does not require the
CSB to:
(1) Compile or create records solely for the purpose of satisfying a
request for records;
(2) Provide records not yet in existence, even if such records may
be expected to come into existence at some future time; or
(3) Restore records destroyed or otherwise disposed of, except that
the FOIA Officer must notify the requester that the requested records
have been destroyed or otherwise disposed of.

Sec. 1601.21 Responses to requests.

(a) Response to initial request. The FOIA Officer is authorized to
grant or deny any request for a record and to determine appropriate
fees.
(b) Referral to another agency. When a requester seeks records that
originated in another Federal government agency, the CSB will refer the
request to the other agency for response. If the CSB refers the request
to another agency, it will notify the requester of the referral. A
request for any records classified by some other agency will be referred
to that agency for response.
(c) Creating records. If a person seeks information from the CSB in
a format that does not currently exist, the CSB will make reasonable
efforts to provide the information in the format requested. The CSB will
not create a new record of information to satisfy a request.
(d) No responsive record. If no records are responsive to the
request, the FOIA Officer will so notify the requester in writing.

Sec. 1601.22 Form and content of responses.

(a) Form of notice granting a request. After the FOIA Officer has
granted a request in whole or in part, the requester will be notified in
writing. The notice shall describe the manner in which the record will
be disclosed, whether by providing a copy of the record with the
response or at a later date, or by making a copy of the record available
to the requester for inspection at a reasonable time and place. The
procedure for such an inspection may not unreasonably disrupt the
operation of the CSB. The response letter will also inform the requester
of any fees to be charged in accordance with

[[Page 1028]]

the provisions of Sec. Sec. 1601.30 through 1601.33.
(b) Form of notice denying a request. When the FOIA Officer denies a
request in whole or in part, he or she will so notify the requester in
writing. The response will be signed by the FOIA Officer and will
include:
(1) The name and title or position of the person making the denial;
(2) A brief statement of the reason or reasons for the denial,
including the FOIA exemption or exemptions which the FOIA Officer has
relied upon in denying the request; and
(3) A statement that the denial may be appealed under Sec. 1601.23
and a description of the requirements of that section.

Sec. 1601.23 Appeals of denials.

(a) Right of appeal. If a request has been denied in whole or in
part, the requester may appeal the denial to: FOIA Appeals Officer,
United States Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, 2175 K
Street, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20037-1809.
(b) Letter of appeal. The appeal must be in writing and must be sent
within 30 days of receipt of the denial letter. An appeal should include
a copy of the initial request, a copy of the letter denying the request
in whole or in part, and a statement of the circumstances, reasons, or
arguments advanced in support of disclosure of the requested record.
Both the envelope and the letter of appeal must be clearly marked FOIA
Appeal. An appeal improperly addressed shall be deemed not to have been
received for purposes of the 20-day time period set forth in Sec.
1601.24(e) until it is received, or would have been received with the
exercise of due diligence, by the Appeals Officer.
(c) Action on appeal. The disposition of an appeal will be in
writing and will constitute the final action of the CSB on a request. A
decision affirming in whole or in part the denial of a request will
include a brief statement of the reason or reasons for affirmance,
including each FOIA exemption relied on. If the denial of a request is
reversed in whole or in part on appeal, the request will be processed
promptly in accordance with the decision on appeal.
(d) Judicial review. If the denial of the request for records is
upheld in whole or in part, or if a determination on the appeal has not
been mailed at the end of the 20-day period or the last extension
thereof, the requester is deemed to have exhausted his or her
administrative remedies, giving rise to a right of judicial review under
5 U.S.C. 552(a)(4).

Sec. 1601.24 Timing of responses to requests.

(a) In general. The CSB ordinarily shall respond to requests
according to their order of receipt.
(b) Multitrack processing. (1) The CSB may use two processing tracks
by distinguishing between simple and more complex requests based on the
amount of work and/or time needed to process the request, including
according to limits based on the number of pages involved. If the agency
does so, it shall advise requesters assigned to its slower track of the
eligibility limits for its faster track.
(2) The agency may provide requesters in its slower track with an
opportunity to limit the scope of their requests in order to qualify for
faster processing within the specified limits of the agency's faster
track. If it does so, the agency will contact the requester either by
telephone or by letter, whichever is most efficient in each case.
(c) Unusual circumstances. (1) Where the time limits for processing
a request cannot be met because of unusual circumstances and the CSB
determines to extend the time limits on that basis, the agency shall as
soon as practicable notify the requester in writing of the unusual
circumstances and of the date by which processing of the request can be
expected to be completed. Where the extension is for more than ten
working days, the CSB shall provide the requester with an opportunity
either to modify the request so that it may be processed within the time
limits or to arrange an alternative time period for processing the
request or a modified request.
(2) Where the CSB reasonably believes that multiple requests
submitted by a requester, or by a group of requesters acting in concert,
constitute a

[[Page 1029]]

single request that would otherwise involve unusual circumstances, and
the requests involve clearly related matters, they may be aggregated.
Multiple requests involving unrelated matters will not be aggregated.
(d) Expedited processing. (1) Requests and appeals will be taken out
of order and given expedited treatment whenever it is determined that
they involve:
(i) Circumstances in which the lack of expedited treatment could
reasonably be expected to pose an imminent threat to the life or
physical safety of an individual;
(ii) An urgency to inform the public about an actual or alleged
Federal government activity, if made by a person primarily engaged in
disseminating information;
(iii) The loss of substantial due process rights; or
(iv) A matter of widespread and exceptional media interest in which
there exists possible questions about the government's integrity which
affect public confidence.
(2) A request for expedited processing may be made at the time of
the initial request for records or at any later time.
(3) A requester who seeks expedited processing must submit a
statement, certified to be true and correct to the best of that person's
knowledge and belief, explaining in detail the basis for requesting
expedited processing. For example, a requester within the category in
paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section, if not a full-time member of the
news media, must establish that he or she is a person whose main
professional activity or occupation is information dissemination, though
it need not be his or her sole occupation. A requester within the
category in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section also must establish a
particular urgency to inform the public about the government activity
involved in the request, beyond the public's right to know about
government activity generally. The formality of certification may be
waived as a matter of administrative discretion.
(4) Within ten calendar days of its receipt of a request for
expedited processing, the CSB shall decide whether to grant it and shall
notify the requester of the decision. If a request for expedited
treatment is granted, the request shall be given priority and shall be
processed as soon as practicable. If a request for expedited processing
is denied, any appeal of that decision shall be acted on expeditiously.
(e) Appeals. A written determination on an appeal submitted in
accordance with Sec. 1601.23 will be issued within 20 working days
after receipt of the appeal. This time limit may be extended in unusual
circumstances up to a total of 10 working days after written notice to
the requester setting forth the reasons for the extension and the date
on which a determination is expected to be made. As used in this
paragraph, unusual circumstances means that there is a need to:
(1) Search for and collect the requested records from facilities
that are separate from the office processing the request;
(2) Search for, collect, and appropriately examine a voluminous
amount of separate and distinct records which are demanded in a single
request; or
(3) Consult with another agency having a substantial interest in the
determination of the request, or consult with various offices within the
CSB that have a substantial interest in the records requested.
(f) When a determination cannot be mailed within the applicable time
limit, the appeal will nevertheless be processed. In such case, upon the
expiration of the time limit, the requester will be informed of the
reason for the delay, of the date on which a determination may be
expected to be mailed, and of that person's right to seek judicial
review. The requester may be asked to forego judicial review until
determination of the appeal.

Sec. 1601.25 Disclosure of requested records.

(a) The FOIA Officer shall make requested records available to the
public to the greatest extent possible in keeping with the FOIA, except
that the following records are exempt from the disclosure requirements:
(1) Records specifically authorized under criteria established by an
Executive Order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or
foreign policy and which are, in fact, properly

[[Page 1030]]

classified pursuant to such Executive Order;
(2) Records related solely to the internal personnel rules and
practices of the CSB;
(3) Records specifically exempted from disclosure by statute (other
than 5 U.S.C. 552(b)) provided that such statute requires that the
matters be withheld from the public in such a manner as to leave no
discretion on the issue or that the statute establishes particular
criteria for withholding information or refers to particular types of
matters to be withheld;
(4) Records containing trade secrets and commercial or financial
information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential;
(5) Interagency or intra-agency memoranda or letters which would not
be available by law to a party other than an agency in litigation with
the CSB;
(6) Personnel and medical files and similar files the disclosure of
which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy;
(7) Records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes,
but only to the extent that the production of such law enforcement
records or information:
(i) Could reasonably be expected to interfere with enforcement
proceedings;
(ii) Would deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an
impartial adjudication;
(iii) Could reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted
invasion of personal privacy;
(iv) Could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a
confidential source, including a State, local or foreign agency or
authority or any private institution which furnished information on a
confidential basis, and in the case of a record or information compiled
by criminal law enforcement authority in the course of a criminal
investigation or by an agency conducting a lawful national security
intelligence investigation, information furnished by a confidential
source;
(v) Would disclose techniques and procedures for law enforcement
investigations or prosecutions, or would disclose guidelines for law
enforcement investigations or prosecutions if such disclosure could
reasonably be expected to risk circumvention of the law; or
(vi) Could reasonably be expected to endanger the life or physical
safety of any individual.
(8) Records contained in or related to examination, operating, or
condition reports prepared by, or on behalf of, or for the use of an
agency responsible for the regulation or supervision of financial
institutions;
(9) Geological or geophysical information and data, including maps,
concerning wells.
(b) If a requested record contains exempted material along with
nonexempted material, all reasonably segregable nonexempt material shall
be disclosed.
(c) Even if an exemption described in paragraph (a) of this section
may be reasonably applicable to a requested record, or portion thereof,
the CSB may elect under the circumstances of any particular request not
to apply the exemption to such requested record, or portion thereof,
subject to the provisions in Sec. 1601.26 for confidential business
information. The fact that the exemption is not applied by the CSB to
any requested record, or portion thereof, has no precedential
significance as to the application or non-application of the exemption
to any other requested record, or portion thereof, no matter when the
request is received.

Sec. 1601.26 Special procedures for confidential business information.

(a) In general. Confidential business information provided to the
CSB by a business submitter shall not be disclosed pursuant to a FOIA
request except in accordance with this section.
(b) Designation of business information. Business submitters should
use good-faith efforts to designate, by appropriate markings, either at
the time of submission or at a reasonable time thereafter, those
portions of their submissions which they deem to be protected under
Exemption 4 of the FOIA, 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(4). Any such designation will
expire 10 years after the records

[[Page 1031]]

were submitted to the government, unless the submitter requests, and
provides reasonable justification for, a designation period of longer
duration.
(c) Predisclosure notification. (1) Except as is provided for in
paragraph (h) of this section, the FOIA Officer shall, to the extent
permitted by law, provide a submitter with prompt written notice of a
FOIA request or administrative appeal encompassing its confidential
business information whenever required under paragraph (d) of this
section. Such notice shall either describe the exact nature of the
business information requested or provide copies of the records or
portions thereof containing the business information.
(2) Whenever the FOIA Officer provides a business submitter with the
notice set forth in this paragraph, the FOIA Officer shall notify the
requester that the request includes information that may arguably be
exempt from disclosure under Exemption 4 of the FOIA and that the person
or entity who submitted the information to the CSB has been given the
opportunity to comment on the proposed disclosure of information.
(d) When notice is required. The CSB shall provide a business
submitter with notice of a request whenever:
(1) The business submitter has in good faith designated the
information as business information deemed protected from disclosure
under 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(4); or
(2) The CSB has reason to believe that the request seeks business
information the disclosure of which may result in substantial commercial
or financial injury to the business submitter.
(e) Opportunity to object to disclosure. Through the notice
described in paragraph (c) of this section, the CSB shall, to the extent
permitted by law, afford a business submitter at least 10 working days
within which it can provide the CSB with a detailed written statement of
any objection to disclosure. Such statement shall demonstrate why the
information is contended to be a trade secret or commercial or financial
information that is privileged or confidential and why disclosure would
cause competitive harm. Whenever possible, the business submitter's
claim of confidentiality should be supported by a statement or
certification by an officer or authorized representative of the business
submitter. Information provided by a submitter pursuant to this
paragraph may itself be subject to disclosure under the FOIA.
(f) Notice of intent to disclose. (1) The FOIA Officer shall
consider carefully a business submitter's objections and specific
grounds for nondisclosure prior to determining whether to disclose
confidential commercial business information. Whenever the FOIA Officer
decides to disclose such information over the objection of a business
submitter, the FOIA Officer shall forward to the business submitter a
written notice at least 10 working days before the date of disclosure
containing:
(i) A statement of the reasons for which the business submitter's
disclosure objections were not sustained,
(ii) A description of the confidential commercial information to be
disclosed, and
(iii) A specified disclosure date.
(2) Such notice of intent to disclose likewise shall be forwarded to
the requester at least 10 working days prior to the specified disclosure
date.
(g) Notice of FOIA lawsuit. Whenever a requester brings suit seeking
to compel disclosure of confidential business information, the FOIA
Officer shall promptly notify the business submitter of such action.
(h) Exceptions to predisclosure notification. The requirements of
this section shall not apply if:
(1) The FOIA Officer determines that the information should not be
disclosed;
(2) The information lawfully has been published or has been
officially made available to the public;
(3) Disclosure of the information is required by law (other than 5
U.S.C. 552); or
(4) The designation made by the submitter in accordance with
paragraph (b) of this section appears obviously frivolous; except that,
in such a case, the FOIA Officer will provide the submitter with written
notice of any final decision to disclose confidential business
information within a reasonable number of days prior to a specified
disclosure date.

[[Page 1032]]

Subpart D_Fees

Sec. 1601.30 Fees to be charged--general.

(a) Policy. Generally, the fees charged for requests for records
pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552 shall cover the full allowable direct costs of
searching for, reproducing, and reviewing records that are responsive to
a request for information. Fees shall be assessed according to the
schedule contained in paragraph (b) of this section and the category of
requesters described in Sec. 1601.31 for services rendered by the CSB
staff in responding to, and processing requests for, records under this
part. Fees assessed will be paid by check or money order payable to the
United States Treasury.
(b) Types of charges. The types of charges that may be assessed in
connection with the production of records in response to a FOIA request
are as follows:
(1) Searches.
(i) Manual searches for records. For each quarter hour spent in
searching for and/or reviewing a requested record, the fees will be:
$4.00 for clerical personnel; $8.00 for professional personnel; and
$11.00 for managerial personnel.
(ii) Computer searches for records. Requesters will be charged at
the actual direct costs of conducting a search using existing
programming. These direct costs will include the cost of operating the
central processing unit for that portion of operating time that is
directly attributable to searching for records and the operator/
programmer salary, i.e., basic pay plus 16 percent, apportionable to the
search. A charge shall also be made for any substantial amounts of
special supplies or materials used to contain, present, or make
available the output of computers, based upon the prevailing levels of
costs to the CSB for the type and amount of such supplies or materials
that are used. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to entitle
any person or entity, as of right, to any services in connection with
computerized records, other than services to which such person or entity
may be entitled under the provisions of this section or Sec. 1601.32.
The CSB will not alter or develop programming to conduct a search.
(iii) Unproductive searches. The CSB will charge search fees even if
no records are found which are responsive to the request or if the
records found are exempt from disclosure.
(2) Duplication. Records will be reproduced at a rate of $0.25 per
page. For copies prepared by computer, such as tapes or printouts, the
requester shall be charged the actual cost, including operator time, of
production of the tape or printout. For other methods of reproduction,
the actual direct costs of reproducing the record(s) shall be charged.
(3) Review. Only commercial-use requesters may be charged for time
spent reviewing records to determine whether they are exempt from
mandatory disclosure. Charges may be assessed only for initial review,
i.e., the review undertaken the first time the CSB analyzes the
applicability of a specific exemption to a particular record or portion
of a record. Records or portions of records withheld in full under an
exemption that is subsequently determined not to apply may be reviewed
again to determine the applicability of other exemptions not previously
considered. The costs for such a subsequent review are properly
assessable.
(4) Other services and materials. Where the CSB elects, as a matter
of administrative discretion, to comply with a request for a special
service or materials, such as certifying that records are true copies or
sending records by special methods, the actual direct costs of providing
the service or materials will be charged.

Sec. 1601.31 Fees to be charged--categories of requesters.

(a) Fees for various requester categories. Paragraphs (b) through
(e) of this section state, for each category of requester, the types of
fees generally charged by the CSB. However, for each of these
categories, the fees may be limited, waived or reduced in accordance
with the provisions set forth in Sec. 1601.32(c). If the CSB has
reasonable cause to doubt the purpose specified in the request for which
a requester will use the records sought, or where the purpose is not
clear from the request itself, the CSB will seek clarification

[[Page 1033]]

before assigning the request a specific category.
(b) Commercial use requester. The CSB shall charge fees for records
requested by persons or entities making a commercial use request in an
amount that equals the full direct costs for searching for, reviewing
for release, and reproducing the records sought. Commercial use
requesters are not entitled to 2 hours of free search time nor 100 free
pages of reproduction of records. In accordance with Sec. 1601.30,
commercial use requesters may be charged the costs of searching for and
reviewing records even if there is ultimately no disclosure of records.
(c) Educational and noncommercial scientific institutions. The CSB
shall charge fees for records requested by, or on behalf of, educational
institutions and noncommercial scientific institutions in an amount
which equals the cost of reproducing the records responsive to the
request, excluding the cost of reproducing the first 100 pages. No
search fee shall be charged with respect to requests by educational and
noncommercial scientific institutions. For a request to be included in
this category, requesters must show that the request being made is
authorized by and under the auspices of a qualifying institution, and
that the records are not sought for commercial use but are sought in
furtherance of scholarly research (if the request is from an educational
institution) or scientific research (if the request is from a
noncommercial scientific institution).
(d) News media. The CSB shall charge fees for records requested by
representatives of the news media in an amount which equals the cost of
reproducing the records responsive to the request, excluding the costs
of reproducing the first 100 pages. No search fee shall be charged with
respect to requests by representatives of the news media. For a request
to be included in this category, the requester must qualify as a
representative of the news media and the request must not be made for a
commercial use. A request for records supporting the news dissemination
function of the requester shall not be considered to be a request that
is for commercial use.
(e) All other requesters. The CSB shall charge fees for records
requested by persons or entities that are not classified in any of the
categories listed in paragraphs (b), (c), or (d) of this section in an
amount that equals the full reasonable direct cost of searching for and
reproducing records that are responsive to the request, excluding the
first 2 hours of search time and the cost of reproducing the first 100
pages of records. In accordance with Sec. 1601.30, requesters in this
category may be charged the cost of searching for records even if there
is ultimately no disclosure of records, excluding the first 2 hours of
search time.
(f) For purposes of the exceptions contained in this section on
assessment of fees, the word pages refers to paper copies of 8\1/2\ x 11
inches or 11 x 14 inches. Thus, requesters are not entitled to 100
microfiche or 100 computer disks, for example. A microfiche containing
the equivalent of 100 pages or a computer disk containing the equivalent
of 100 pages of computer printout meets the terms of the exception.
(g) For purposes of paragraph (e) of this section, the term search
time has as its basis, manual search. To apply this term to searches
made by computer, the CSB will determine the hourly cost of operating
the central processing unit and the operator's hourly salary plus 16
percent. When the cost of the search (including the operator time and
the cost of operating the computer to process a request) equals the
equivalent dollar amount of 2 hours of the salary plus 16 percent of the
person performing the search, i.e., the operator, the CSB will begin
assessing charges for the computer.

Sec. 1601.32 Limitations on charging fees.

(a) In general. Except for requesters seeking records for a
commercial use as described in Sec. 1601.31(b), the CSB will provide,
without charge, the first 100 pages of duplication and the first 2 hours
of search time, or their cost equivalent.
(b) No fee charged. The CSB will not charge fees to any requester,
including commercial use requesters, if the cost of collecting a fee
would be equal to or greater than the fee itself. The elements to be
considered in determining

[[Page 1034]]

the cost of collecting a fee are the administrative costs of receiving
and recording a requester's remittance and of processing the fee.
(c) Waiver or reduction of fees. The CSB may grant a waiver or
reduction of fees if the CSB determines that the disclosure of the
information is in the public interest because it is likely to contribute
significantly to public understanding of the operations or activities of
the Federal government, and the disclosure of the information is not
primarily in the commercial interest of the requester. Requests for a
waiver or reduction of fees will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
The following factors will be considered by the CSB in determining
whether a waiver or reduction of fees is in the public interest:
(i) The subject of the request. Whether the subject of the requested
records concerns the operations or activities of the government. The
subject matter of the requested records, in the context of the request,
must specifically concern identifiable operations or activities of the
Federal government with a connection that is direct and clear, not
remote or attenuated. Furthermore, the records must be sought for their
informative value with respect to those government operations or
activities; a request for access to records for their intrinsic
informational content alone will not satisfy this threshold
consideration.
(ii) The informative value of the information to be disclosed.
Whether the disclosure is likely to contribute to an understanding of
government operations or activities. The disclosable portions of the
requested records must be meaningfully informative on specific
government operations or activities in order to hold potential for
contributing to increased public understanding of those operations and
activities. The disclosure of information that is already in the public
domain, in either a duplicative or substantially identical form, would
not be likely to contribute to such understanding, as nothing new would
be added to the public record.
(iii) The contribution to an understanding of the subject by the
general public. Whether disclosure of the requested information will
contribute to the public understanding. The disclosure must contribute
to the understanding of the public at large, as opposed to the
individual understanding of the requester or a narrow segment of
interested persons. A requester's identity and qualifications, e.g.,
expertise in the subject area and ability and intention to convey
information to the general public, will be considered.
(iv) The significance of the contribution in public understanding.
Whether the disclosure is likely to significantly enhance the public
understanding of government operations or activities. The public's
understanding of the subject matter in question, as compared to the
level of public understanding existing prior to the disclosure, must be
likely to be enhanced by the disclosure to a significant extent. The
FOIA Officer shall not make a separate value judgment as to whether
information, even though it in fact would contribute significantly to
public understanding of the operations or activities of the government,
is ``important'' enough to be made public.
(2) In order to determine whether the second fee waiver requirement
is met, i.e., that disclosure of the requested information is not
primarily in the commercial interest of the requester, the CSB shall
consider the following two factors in sequence:
(i) The existence and magnitude of a commercial interest. Whether
the requester, or any person on whose behalf the requester may be
acting, has a commercial interest that would be furthered by the
requested disclosure. In assessing the magnitude of identified
commercial interests, consideration will be given to the effect that the
information disclosed would have on those commercial interests, as well
as to the extent to which FOIA disclosures serve those interests
overall. Requesters shall be given a reasonable opportunity in the
administrative process to provide information bearing upon this
consideration.
(ii) The primary interest in disclosure. Whether the magnitude of
the identified commercial interest of the requester is sufficiently
large in comparison with the public interest in disclosure, that
disclosure is primarily in the commercial interest of the requester. A
fee waiver or reduction is

[[Page 1035]]

warranted only where, once the public interest standard set out in
paragraph (c)(1) of this section is satisfied, that public interest can
fairly be regarded as greater in magnitude than that of the requester's
commercial interest in disclosure. The CSB will ordinarily presume that,
where a news media requester has satisfied the public interest standard,
the public interest will be serviced primarily by disclosure to that
requester. Disclosure to requesters who compile and market Federal
government information for direct economic gain will not be presumed to
primarily serve the public interest.
(3) Where only a portion of the requested record satisfies the
requirements for a waiver or reduction of fees under this paragraph, a
waiver or reduction shall be granted only as to that portion.
(4) A request for a waiver or reduction of fees must accompany the
request for disclosure of records and should include:
(i) A clear statement of the requester's interest in the records;
(ii) The proposed use of the records and whether the requester will
derive income or other benefit from such use;
(iii) A statement of how the public will benefit from release of the
requested records; and
(iv) If specialized use of the documents is contemplated, a
statement of the requester's qualifications that are relevant to the
specialized use.
(5) A requester may appeal the denial of a request for a waiver or
reduction of fees in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 1601.23.

Sec. 1601.33 Miscellaneous fee provisions.

(a) Notice of anticipated fees in excess of $25. Where the CSB
determines or estimates that the fees chargeable will amount to more
than $25, the CSB shall promptly notify the requester of the actual or
estimated amount of fees or such portion thereof that can be readily
estimated, unless the requester has indicated his or her willingness to
pay fees as high as those anticipated. Where a requester has been
notified that the actual or estimated fees may exceed $25, the request
will be deemed not to have been received until the requester has agreed
to pay the anticipated total fee. A notice to the requester pursuant to
this paragraph will include the opportunity to confer with CSB personnel
in order to reformulate the request to meet the requester's needs at a
lower cost.
(b) Aggregating requests. A requester may not file multiple requests
at the same time, each seeking portions of a record or records, solely
in order to avoid the payment of fees. When the CSB reasonably believes
that a requester, or a group of requesters acting in concert, is
attempting to break a request into a series of requests for the purpose
of evading the assessment of fees, the CSB may aggregate such requests
and charge accordingly. One element to be considered in determining
whether a belief would be reasonable is the time period over which the
requests have occurred. The CSB will presume that multiple requests of
this type made within a 30-day period have been made in order to evade
fees. Where requests are separated by a longer period, the CSB shall
aggregate them only where there exists a solid basis for determining
that such aggregation is warranted, e.g., where the requests involve
clearly related matters. Multiple requests regarding unrelated matters
will not be aggregated.
(c) Advance payment of fees. (1) The CSB does not require an advance
payment before work is commenced or continued, unless:
(i) The CSB estimates or determines that the fees are likely to
exceed $250. If it appears that the fees will exceed $250, the CSB will
notify the requester of the likely cost and obtain satisfactory
assurance of full payment where the requester has a history of prompt
payment of FOIA fees. In the case of requesters with no history of
payment, the CSB may require an advance payment of fees in an amount up
to the full estimated charge that will be incurred; or
(ii) The requester has previously failed to pay a fee in a timely
fashion, i.e., within 30 days of the date of a billing. In such cases,
the CSB may require the requester to pay the full amount owed plus any
applicable interest, as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, or
demonstrate that the fee owed has been paid, prior to processing any

[[Page 1036]]

further record request. Under these circumstances, the CSB may require
the requester to make an advance payment of the full amount of the fees
anticipated before processing a new request or finishing processing of a
pending request from that requester.
(2) A request for an advance deposit shall ordinarily include an
offer to the requester to confer with identified CSB personnel to
attempt to reformulate the request in a manner which will meet the needs
of the requester at a lower cost.
(3) When the CSB requests an advance payment of fees, the
administrative time limits described in 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(6) begin only
after the CSB has received the advance payment.
(d) Interest. The CSB may assess interest charges on an unpaid bill
starting on the 31st day following the day on which the bill was sent.
Once a fee payment has been received by the CSB, even if not processed,
the accrual of interest shall be stayed. Interest charges shall be
assessed at the rate prescribed in 31 U.S.C. 3717 and shall accrue from
the date of the billing.
(e) Whenever a total fee calculated under paragraph (d) of this
section is $14.00 or less for any request, no fee will be charged.

PART 1602_PROTECTION OF PRIVACY AND ACCESS TO INDIVIDUAL RECORDS UNDER THE

PRIVACY ACT OF 1974--Table of Contents

Sec.
1602.1 General provisions.
1602.2 Requests for access to records.
1602.3 Responsibility for responding to requests for access to records.
1602.4 Responses to requests for access to records.
1602.5 Appeals from denials of requests for access to records.
1602.6 Requests for amendment or correction of records.
1602.7 Requests for accountings of record disclosures.
1602.8 Preservation of records.
1602.9 Fees.
1602.10 Notice of court-ordered and emergency disclosures.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552a, 553; 42 U.S.C. 7412 et seq.

Source: 66 FR 17080, Mar. 29, 2001, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1602.1 General provisions.

(a) Purpose and scope. This part contains the rules that the
Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (``CSB'' or ``Board'')
follows under the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 U.S.C. 552a. These rules should
be read together with the Privacy Act, which provides additional
information about records maintained on individuals. The rules in this
part apply to all records in systems of records maintained by the CSB
that are retrieved by an individual's name or personal identifier. They
describe the procedures by which individuals may request access to
records about themselves, request amendment or correction of those
records, and request an accounting of disclosures of those records by
the CSB. In addition, the CSB processes all Privacy Act requests for
access to records under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C.
552, following the rules contained in part 1601 of this chapter, which
gives requests the benefit of both statutes.
(b) Definitions. As used in this part:
Requester means an individual who makes a request for access, a
request for amendment or correction, or a request for an accounting
under the Privacy Act.
Request for access to a record means a request made as described in
subsection (d)(1) of the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a.
Request for amendment or correction of a record means a request made
as described in subsection (d)(2) of the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a.
Request for an accounting means a request made as described in
subsection (c)(3) of the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a.

Sec. 1602.2 Requests for access to records.

(a) How made and addressed. You may make a request for access to a
CSB record about yourself by appearing in person or by writing to the
CSB. Your request should be sent or delivered to the CSB's General
Counsel, at 2175 K Street, NW., 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20037. For the
quickest possible handling, you should mark both your request letter and
the envelope ``Privacy Act Request.''
(b) Description of records sought. You must describe the records
that you

[[Page 1037]]

want in enough detail to enable CSB personnel to locate the system of
records containing them with a reasonable amount of effort. Whenever
possible, your request should describe the records sought, the time
periods in which you believe they were compiled, and the name or
identifying number of each system of records in which you believe they
are kept. The CSB publishes notices in the Federal Register that
describe its systems of records. A description of the CSB's systems of
records also may be found as part of the ``Privacy Act Compilation''
published by the National Archives and Records Administration's Office
of the Federal Register. This compilation is available in most large
reference and university libraries. This compilation also can be
accessed electronically at the Government Printing Office's World Wide
Web site (which can be found at http://www.access.gpo.gov/su--docs).
(c) Agreement to pay fees. If you make a Privacy Act request for
access to records, it shall be considered an agreement by you to pay all
applicable fees charged under Sec. 1602.9 up to $25.00. The CSB
ordinarily will confirm this agreement in an acknowledgment letter. When
making a request, you may specify a willingness to pay a greater or
lesser amount.
(d) Verification of identity. When you make a request for access to
records about yourself, you must verify your identity. You must state
your full name, current address, and date and place of birth. You must
sign your request and your signature must either be notarized or
submitted by you under 28 U.S.C. 1746, a law that permits statements to
be made under penalty of perjury as a substitute for notarization. In
order to help the identification and location of requested records, you
may also, at your option, include your social security number.
(e) Verification of guardianship. When making a request as the
parent or guardian of a minor or as the guardian of someone determined
by a court to be incompetent, for access to records about that
individual, you must establish:
(1) The identity of the individual who is the subject of the record,
by stating the name, current address, date and place of birth, and, at
your option, the social security number of the individual;
(2) Your own identity, as required in paragraph (d) of this section;
(3) That you are the parent or guardian of that individual, which
you may prove by providing a copy of the individual's birth certificate
showing your parentage or by providing a court order establishing your
guardianship; and
(4) That you are acting on behalf of that individual in making the
request.

Sec. 1602.3 Responsibility for responding to requests for access to records.

(a) In general. In determining which records are responsive to a
request, the CSB ordinarily will include only those records in its
possession as of the date the CSB begins its search for them. If any
other date is used, the CSB will inform the requester of that date.
(b) Authority to grant or deny requests. The CSB's General Counsel,
or his/her designee, is authorized to grant or deny any request for
access to a record of the CSB.
(c) Consultations and referrals. When the CSB receives a request for
access to a record in its possession, it will determine whether another
agency of the Federal Government is better able to determine whether the
record is exempt from access under the Privacy Act. If the CSB
determines that it is best able to process the record in response to the
request, then it will do so. If the CSB determines that it is not best
able to process the record, then it will either:
(1) Respond to the request regarding that record, after consulting
with the agency best able to determine whether the record is exempt from
access and with any other agency that has a substantial interest in it;
or
(2) Refer the responsibility for responding to the request regarding
that record to another agency that originated the record (but only if
that agency is subject to the Privacy Act). Ordinarily, the agency that
originated a record will be presumed to be best able to determine
whether it is exempt from access.

[[Page 1038]]

(d) Notice of referral. Whenever the CSB refers all or any part of
the responsibility for responding to your request to another agency, it
ordinarily will notify you of the referral and inform you of the name of
each agency to which the request has been referred and of the part of
the request that has been referred.
(e) Timing of responses to consultations and referrals. All
consultations and referrals shall be handled according to the date the
Privacy Act access request was initially received by the CSB, not any
later date.

Sec. 1602.4 Responses to requests for access to records.

(a) Acknowledgments of requests. On receipt of your request, the CSB
ordinarily will send an acknowledgment letter, which shall confirm your
agreement to pay fees under Sec. 1602.2(c) and may provide an assigned
request number for further reference.
(b) Grants of requests for access. Once the CSB makes a
determination to grant your request for access in whole or in part, it
will notify you in writing. The CSB will inform you in the notice of any
fee charged under Sec. 1602.9 and will disclose records to you promptly
on payment of any applicable fee. If your request is made in person, the
CSB may disclose records to you directly, in a manner not unreasonably
disruptive of its operations, on payment of any applicable fee and with
a written record made of the grant of the request. If you are
accompanied by another person when you make a request in person, you
shall be required to authorize in writing any discussion of the records
in the presence of the other person.
(c) Adverse determinations of requests for access. If the CSB makes
an adverse determination denying your request for access in any respect,
it will notify you of that determination in writing. Adverse
determinations, or denials of requests, consist of: a determination to
withhold any requested record in whole or in part; a determination that
a requested record does not exist or cannot be located; a determination
that what has been requested is not a record subject to the Privacy Act;
a determination on any disputed fee matter; and a denial of a request
for expedited treatment. The notification letter shall be signed by the
General Counsel, or his/her designee, and shall include:
(1) The name and title or position of the person responsible for the
denial;
(2) A brief statement of the reason(s) for the denial, including any
Privacy Act exemption(s) applied by the CSB in denying the request; and
(3) A statement that the denial may be appealed under Sec.
1602.5(a) and a description of the requirements of Sec. 1602.5(a).

Sec. 1602.5 Appeals from denials of requests for access to records.

(a) Appeals. If you are dissatisfied with the CSB's response to your
request for access to records, you may appeal an adverse determination
denying your request in any respect to the Privacy Act Appeals Officer
of the CSB, 2175 K Street, NW., Suite 400, Washington, DC 20037. You
must make your appeal in writing, and it must be received within 60 days
of the date of the letter denying your request. Your appeal letter may
include as much or as little related information as you wish, as long as
it clearly identifies the determination (including the assigned request
number, if any) that you are appealing. For the quickest possible
handling, you should mark both your appeal letter and the envelope
``Privacy Act Appeal.''
(b) Responses to appeals. The decision on your appeal will be made
in writing. A decision affirming an adverse determination in whole or in
part will include a brief statement of the reason(s) for the affirmance,
including any Privacy Act exemption applied, and will inform you of the
Privacy Act provisions for court review of the decision. If the adverse
determination is reversed or modified on appeal in whole or in part, you
will be notified in a written decision and your request will be
reprocessed in accordance with that appeal decision.
(c) When appeal is required. If you wish to seek review by a court
of any adverse determination or denial of a request, you must first
appeal it under this section.

[[Page 1039]]

Sec. 1602.6 Requests for amendment or correction of records.

(a) How made and addressed. You may make a request for amendment or
correction of a CSB record about yourself by following the procedures in
Sec. 1602.2. Your request should identify each particular record in
question, state the amendment or correction that you want, and state why
you believe that the record is not accurate, relevant, timely, or
complete. You may submit any documentation that you think would be
helpful.
(b) CSB responses. Within ten working days of receiving your request
for amendment or correction of records, the CSB will send you a written
acknowledgment of its receipt of your request, and it will promptly
notify you whether your request is granted or denied. If the CSB grants
your request in whole or in part, it will describe the amendment or
correction made and advise you of your right to obtain a copy of the
corrected or amended record. If the CSB denies your request in whole or
in part, it will send you a letter stating:
(1) The reason(s) for the denial; and
(2) The procedure for appeal of the denial under paragraph (c) of
this section, including the name and business address of the official
who will act on your appeal.
(c) Appeals. You may appeal a denial of a request for amendment or
correction in the same manner as a denial of a request for access to
records (see Sec. 1602.5), and the same procedures will be followed. If
your appeal is denied, you will be advised of your right to file a
Statement of Disagreement as described in paragraph (d) of this section
and of your right under the Privacy Act for court review of the
decision.
(d) Statements of Disagreement. If your appeal under this section is
denied in whole or in part, you have the right to file a Statement of
Disagreement that states your reason(s) for disagreeing with the CSB's
denial of your request for amendment or correction. Statements of
Disagreement must be concise, must clearly identify each part of any
record that is disputed, and should be no longer than one typed page for
each fact disputed. Your Statement of Disagreement must be sent to the
CSB, which will place it in the system of records in which the disputed
record is maintained and will mark the disputed record to indicate that
a Statement of Disagreement has been filed and where in the system of
records it may be found.
(e) Notification of amendment/correction or disagreement. Within 30
working days of the amendment or correction of a record, the CSB shall
notify all persons, organizations, or agencies to which it previously
disclosed the record, if an accounting of that disclosure was made, that
the record has been amended or corrected. If an individual has filed a
Statement of Disagreement, the CSB will attach a copy of it to the
disputed record whenever the record is disclosed and may also attach a
concise statement of its reason(s) for denying the request to amend or
correct the record.

Sec. 1602.7 Requests for an accounting of record disclosures.

(a) How made and addressed. Except where accountings of disclosures
are not required to be kept (as stated in paragraph (b) of this
section), you may make a request for an accounting of any disclosure
that has been made by the CSB to another person, organization, or agency
of any record about you. This accounting contains the date, nature, and
purpose of each disclosure, as well as the name and address of the
person, organization, or agency to which the disclosure was made. Your
request for an accounting should identify each particular record in
question and should be made by writing to the CSB, following the
procedures in Sec. 1602.2.
(b) Where accountings are not required. The CSB is not required to
provide accountings to you where they relate to disclosures for which
accountings are not required to be kept---in other words, disclosures
that are made to employees within the agency and disclosures that are
made under the FOIA.
(c) Appeals. You may appeal a denial of a request for an accounting
to the CSB Appeals Officer in the same manner as a denial of a request
for access to records (see Sec. 1602.5) and the same procedures will be
followed.

[[Page 1040]]

Sec. 1602.8 Preservation of records.

Sec. 1602.9 Fees.

The CSB will charge fees for duplication of records under the
Privacy Act in the same way in which it charges duplication fees under
the FOIA (see part 1601, subpart D of this chapter). No search or review
fee will be charged for any record.

Sec. 1602.10 Notice of court-ordered and emergency disclosures.

(a) Court-ordered disclosures. When a record pertaining to an
individual is required to be disclosed by a court order, the CSB will
make reasonable efforts to provide notice of this to the individual.
Notice will be given within a reasonable time after the CSB's receipt of
the order--except that in a case in which the order is not a matter of
public record, the notice will be given only after the order becomes
public. This notice will be mailed to the individual's last known
address and will contain a copy of the order and a description of the
information disclosed.
(b) Emergency disclosures. Upon disclosing a record pertaining to an
individual made under compelling circumstances affecting health or
safety, the CSB will notify that individual of the disclosure. This
notice will be mailed to the individual's last known address and will
state the nature of the information disclosed; the person, organization,
or agency to which it was disclosed; the date of disclosure; and the
compelling circumstances justifying the disclosure.

PART 1603_RULES IMPLEMENTING THE GOVERNMENT IN THE SUNSHINE ACT--Table of

Contents

Sec.
1603.1 Applicability.
1603.2 Policy.
1603.3 Definitions.
1603.4 Open meetings requirement.
1603.5 Assurance of compliance.
1603.6 Business requiring a meeting.
1603.7 Grounds on which meetings may be closed or information may be
withheld.
1603.8 Procedures for closing meetings, or withholding information, and
requests by affected persons to close a meeting.
1603.9 Procedures for public announcement of meetings.
1603.10 Changes following public announcement.
1603.11 Transcripts, recordings, or minutes of closed meetings.
1603.12 Availability of transcripts, recordings, and minutes, and
applicable fees.
1603.13 Report to Congress.
1603.14 Severability.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552b; 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6)(N).

Source: 67 FR 35445, May 20, 2002, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1603.1 Applicability.

(a) This part implements the provisions of the Government in the
Sunshine Act, 5 U.S.C. 552b. These procedures apply to meetings, as
defined herein, of the Members of the Chemical Safety and Hazard
Investigation Board (``CSB'' or ``Board'').
(b) This part does not affect the procedures by which CSB records
are made available to the public, which continue to be governed by part
1601 of this chapter pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act, 5
U.S.C. 552, except that the exemptions set forth in Sec. 1603.7 shall
govern in the case of any requests made for the transcripts, recordings,
and minutes described in Sec. 1603.11.

Sec. 1603.2 Policy.

It is the policy of the CSB to provide the public with the fullest
practicable information regarding the decisionmaking processes of the
Board, while protecting the rights of individuals and the ability of the
Board to discharge its statutory functions and responsibilities. The
public is invited to attend but not to participate in open meetings. For
any open meeting, the Board,

[[Page 1041]]

by majority vote, may decide to allow for a public comment period
immediately following the close of that meeting.

Sec. 1603.3 Definitions.

As used in this part:
(a) Days means calendar days, except where noted otherwise.
(b) General Counsel means the Board's principal legal officer, or a
CSB attorney serving as Acting General Counsel.
(c) Meeting means the deliberations of at least a quorum of Members
where such deliberations determine or result in the joint conduct or
disposition of official CSB business, and includes conference telephone
calls or other exchanges otherwise coming within the definition. A
meeting does not include:
(1) Notation voting or similar consideration of business, whether by
circulation of material to the Members individually in writing or by a
polling of the Members individually by telephone.
(2) Action by at least a quorum of Members to:
(i) Open or to close a meeting or to release or to withhold
information pursuant to Sec. 1603.7;
(ii) Set an agenda for a proposed meeting(s);
(iii) Call a meeting on less than seven days' notice as permitted by
Sec. 1603.9(b); or
(iv) Change the subject matter or the determination to open or to
close a publicly announced meeting under Sec. 1603.10(b).
(3) A session attended by at least a quorum of Members for the
purpose of having the Board's staff or expert consultants to the Board
brief or otherwise provide information to the Board concerning any
matters within the purview of the Board under its authorizing statute,
provided that the Board does not engage in deliberations that determine
or result in the joint conduct or disposition of official CSB business
on such matters.
(4) A session attended by at least a quorum of Members for the
purpose of having the Environmental Protection Agency or Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (including contractors of those
agencies) or other persons or organizations brief or otherwise provide
information to the Board concerning any matters within the purview of
the Board under its authorizing statute, provided that the Board does
not engage in deliberations that determine or result in the joint
conduct or disposition of official CSB business on such matters.
(5) A gathering of Members for the purpose of holding informal
preliminary discussions or exchange of views which do not effectively
predetermine official action.
(d) Member means an individual duly appointed and confirmed to the
collegial body known as the Board.
(e) Reporter means a CSB employee designated by the General Counsel,
under Sec. 1603.5(c), to attend and prepare a written summary of all
briefings described in paragraphs (c)(3) and (c)(4) of this section and
all informal preliminary discussions described in paragraph (c)(5) of
this section.
(f) Sunshine Act means the Government in the Sunshine Act, 5 U.S.C.
552b.

Sec. 1603.4 Open meetings requirement.

Any meetings of the Board, as defined in Sec. 1603.3, shall be
conducted in accordance with this part. Except as provided in Sec.
1603.7, the Board's meetings, or portions thereof, shall be open to
public observation.

Sec. 1603.5 Assurance of compliance.

(a) The General Counsel or another attorney designated by the
General Counsel will attend and monitor all briefings described in Sec.
1603.3(c)(3) and (c)(4) and all informal preliminary discussions
described in Sec. 1603.3(c)(5), to assure that those gatherings do not
proceed to the point of becoming deliberations and meetings for Sunshine
Act purposes.
(b) The General Counsel or the designated attorney will inform the
Board Members if developing discussions at a briefing or gathering
should be deferred until a notice of an open or closed meeting can be
published in the Federal Register, and a meeting conducted pursuant to
the Sunshine Act and this part.
(c) For each briefing described in Sec. 1603.3(c)(3) or (c)(4) and
each informal preliminary discussion described in

[[Page 1042]]

Sec. 1603.3(c)(5), the General Counsel is hereby authorized to
designate a CSB employee, other than the attorney referred to in
paragraph (a) of this section, to serve as a reporter. An employee may
be designated as reporter for a single briefing or informal discussion
or for a series of briefings or discussions. The reporter shall attend
and prepare a written summary of each briefing(s) or informal
discussion(s) for which he/she has been designated. The reporter must
prepare the summary of a particular briefing or informal discussion
within five business days after the date of that briefing or discussion.
The reporter must then submit the summary to the General Counsel or the
designated attorney who attended the briefing or informal discussion
that is the subject of the summary for review and approval as a fair and
accurate summary of that briefing or discussion. The written summaries
of briefings and informal discussions shall be maintained in the Office
of General Counsel.

Sec. 1603.6 Business requiring a meeting.

The Board may, by majority vote of its Members, determine that
particular items or classes of Board business cannot be accomplished by
notation voting, but must instead be decided by a recorded vote at a
meeting, as defined in Sec. 1603.3(c).

Sec. 1603.7 Grounds on which meetings may be closed or information may be

withheld.

Except in a case where the Board finds that the public interest
requires otherwise, a meeting may be closed and information pertinent to
such meeting otherwise required by Sec. Sec. 1603.8, 1603.9, and
1603.10 to be disclosed to the public may be withheld if the Board
properly determines that such meeting or portion thereof or the
disclosure of such information is likely to:
(a) Disclose matters that are:
(1) Specifically authorized under criteria established by an
Executive Order to be kept secret in the interests of national defense
or foreign policy; and
(2) In fact, properly classified pursuant to such Executive Order.
In making the determination that this exemption applies, the Board shall
rely upon the classification assigned to a document by the Environmental
Protection Agency, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or
other originating agency;
(b) Relate solely to the internal personnel rules and practices of
the CSB;
(c) Disclose matters specifically exempted from disclosure by
statute (other than 5 U.S.C. 552), provided that such statute:
(1) Requires that the matters be withheld from the public in such a
manner as to leave no discretion on the issue; or
(2) Establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to
particular types of matters to be withheld;
(d) Disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information
obtained from a person and privileged or confidential;
(e) Involve accusing any person of a crime, or formally censuring
any person;
(f) Disclose information of a personal nature where disclosure would
constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;
(g) Disclose investigatory records compiled for law enforcement
purposes, or information which if written would be contained in such
records, but only to the extent that the production of such records or
information would:
(1) Interfere with enforcement proceedings;
(2) Deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial
adjudication;
(3) Constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;
(4) Disclose the identity of a confidential source and, in the case
of a record compiled by a criminal law enforcement authority in the
course of a criminal investigation or by an agency conducting a lawful
national security intelligence investigation, confidential information
furnished only by the confidential source;
(5) Disclose investigative techniques and procedures; or
(6) Endanger the life or physical safety of law enforcement
personnel;
(h) Disclose information the premature disclosure of which would be
likely to significantly frustrate implementation of a proposed action of
the CSB, except that this paragraph shall not apply in any instance
where the

[[Page 1043]]

Board has already disclosed to the public the content or nature of its
proposed action or is required by law to make such disclosure on its own
initiative prior to taking final action on such proposal;
(i) Specifically concern the Board's issuance of a subpoena, or the
CSB's participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a
foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the
initiation, conduct, or disposition by the CSB of a particular case of
formal agency adjudication pursuant to the procedures in 5 U.S.C. 554 or
otherwise involving a determination on the record after opportunity for
a hearing; or
(j) Disclose other information for which the Government in the
Sunshine Act provides an exemption to the open meeting requirements of
that Act.

Sec. 1603.8 Procedures for closing meetings, or withholding information, and

requests by affected persons to close a meeting.

(a) A meeting shall not be closed, or information pertaining thereto
withheld, unless a majority of all Members votes to take such action. A
majority of the Board may act by taking a single vote with respect to
any action under Sec. 1603.7. A single vote is permitted with respect
to a series of meetings, a portion or portions of which are proposed to
be closed to the public, or with respect to any information concerning
such series of meetings, so long as each meeting in such series involves
the same particular subject matters and is scheduled to be held no more
than thirty days after the initial meeting in such series. Each Member's
vote under this paragraph shall be recorded and proxies are not
permitted.
(b) Any person whose interest may be directly affected if a portion
of a meeting is open may request the Board to close that portion on any
of the grounds referred to in Sec. 1603.7(e) through (g). Requests,
with reasons in support thereof, should be submitted in writing, no
later than two days before the meeting in question, to the General
Counsel, Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, 2175 K Street,
NW., Suite 400, Washington, DC 20037. In motion of any Member, the Board
shall determine by recorded vote whether to grant the request.
(c) Within one working day of any vote taken pursuant to this
section, the CSB shall make available a written copy of such vote
reflecting the vote of each Member on the question and, if a portion of
a meeting is to be closed to the public, a full written explanation of
its action closing the meeting and a list of all persons expected to
attend and their affiliation.
(d) Before every closed meeting, the General Counsel of the CSB
shall publicly certify that, in his/her opinion, the meeting may be
closed to the public and shall state each relevant exemption provision.
If the General Counsel invokes the exemption for classified or sensitive
unclassified information under Sec. 1603.7(a), he/shall rely upon the
classification or designation assigned to the document containing such
information by the Environmental Protection Agency, Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, or other originating agency. A copy of such
certification, together with a statement setting forth the time and
place of the meeting and the persons present, shall be retained by the
Board as part of the transcript, recording, or minutes required by Sec.
1603.11.

Sec. 1603.9 Procedures for public announcement of meetings.

(a) For each meeting, the CSB shall make public announcement, at
least one week before the meeting, of:
(1) The time of the meeting;
(2) The place of the meeting;
(3) The subject matter of the meeting;
(4) Whether the meeting is to be open or closed; and
(5) The name and business telephone number of the offical designated
by the CSB to respond to requests for information about the meeting.
(b) The one week advance notice required by paragraph (a) of this
section may be reduced only if:
(1) A majority of all Members determines by recorded vote that CSB
business requires that such meeting be scheduled in less than seven
days; and
(2) The public announcement required by paragraph (a) of this
section

[[Page 1044]]

is made at the earliest practicable time.
(c) Immediately following each public announcement required by this
section, or by Sec. 1603.10, the CSB shall submit a notice of public
announcement for publication in the Federal Register.

Sec. 1603.10 Changes following public announcement.

(a) The time or place of a meeting may be changed following the
public announcement only if the CSB publicly announces such change at
the earliest practicable time. Members need not approve such change.
(b) A meeting may be cancelled, or the subject matter of a meeting
or the determination of the Board to open or to close a meeting, or a
portion thereof, to the public may be changed following public
announcement only if:
(1) A majority of all Members determines by recorded vote that CSB
business so requires and that no earlier announcement of the
cancellation or change was possible; and
(2) The CSB publicly announces such cancellation or change and the
vote of each Member thereon at the earliest practicable time.
(c) The deletion of any subject matter announced for a meeting is
not a change requiring the approval of the Board under paragraph (b) of
this section.

Sec. 1603.11 Transcripts, recordings, or minutes of closed meetings.

(a) Along with the General Counsel's certification referred to in
Sec. 1603.8(d), the CSB shall maintain a complete transcript or
electronic recording adequate to record fully the proceedings of each
meeting, or a portion thereof, closed to the public. The CSB may
maintain a set of minutes in lieu of such transcript or recording for
meetings closed pursuant to Sec. 1603.7(i). Such minutes shall fully
and clearly describe all matters discussed and shall provide a full and
accurate summary of any actions taken, and the reasons therefor,
including a description of each of the views expressed on any item and
the record of any rollcall vote. All documents considered in connection
with any actions shall be identified in such minutes.
(b) The CSB shall maintain a complete verbatim copy of the
transcript, a complete copy of the minutes, or a complete electronic
recording of each meeting, or a portion thereof, closed to the public
for at least two years after such meeting, or until one year after the
conclusion of any CSB proceeding with respect to which the meeting, or a
portion thereof, was held, whichever occurs later.

Sec. 1603.12 Availability of transcripts, recordings, and minutes, and

applicable fees.

The CSB shall make promptly available to the public the transcript,
electronic recording, or minutes of the discussion of any item on the
agenda or of any testimony received at a meeting, except for such item,
or items, of discussion or testimony as determined by the CSB to contain
matters which may be withheld under the exemptive provisions of Sec.
1603.7. Copies of the nonexempt portions of the transcript or minutes,
or transcription of such recordings disclosing the identity of each
speaker, shall be furnished to any person at the actual cost of
transcription or duplication. Requests for transcripts, recordings, or
minutes shall be made in writing to the General Counsel of the CSB, 2175
K Street, NW., Suite 400, Washington, DC 20037.

Sec. 1603.13 Report to Congress.

The CSB General Counsel shall annually report to the Congress
regarding the Board's compliance with the Government in the Sunshine
Act, including a tabulation of the total number of open meetings, the
total number of closed meetings, the reasons for closing such meetings
and a description of any litigation brought against the Board pursuant
to the Government in the Sunshine Act, including any cost assessed
against the Board in such litigation (whether or not paid by the Board).

Sec. 1603.14 Severability.

If any provision of this part or the application of such provision
to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of this
part or the

[[Page 1045]]

application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than
those as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby.

PART 1610_ADMINISTRATIVE INVESTIGATIONS--Table of Contents

Sec.
1610.1 Representation of witnesses in investigations.
1610.2 Repeated attorney misconduct, sanctions, hearings.
1610.3 Sequestration of witnesses and exclusion of Counsel.
1610.4 Deposition Transcripts.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6)(C)(i), 7412(r)(6)(L), 7412(r)(6)(N).
Section 1610.4 also issued under 5 U.S.C. 555.

Source: 66 FR 1050, Jan. 5, 2001, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1610.1 Representation of witnesses in investigations.

(a) Witnesses who are compelled to appear. Witnesses who are
compelled to appear for a deposition (i.e., by subpoena) are entitled to
be accompanied, represented, and advised by an attorney as follows:
(1) Counsel for a witness may advise the witness with respect to any
question asked where it is claimed that the testimony or other evidence
sought from a witness is outside the scope of the investigation, or that
the witness is privileged to refuse to answer a question or to produce
other evidence. For these allowable objections, the witness or counsel
for the witness may object on the record to the question or requirement
and may state briefly and precisely the ground therefor. If the witness
refuses to answer a question, then counsel may briefly state on the
record that counsel has advised the witness not to answer the question
and the legal grounds for such refusal. The witness and his or her
counsel shall not otherwise object to or refuse to answer any question,
and they shall not otherwise interrupt the oral examination.
(2) Any objections made will be treated as continuing objections and
preserved throughout the further course of the deposition without the
necessity for repeating them as to any similar line of inquiry.
Cumulative objections are unnecessary. Repetition of the grounds for any
objection will not be allowed.
(3) Counsel for a witness may not, for any purpose or to any extent
not allowed by paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section, interrupt the
examination of the witness by making any objections or statements on the
record.
(4) Following completion of the examination of a witness, counsel
for the witness may on the record request the person conducting the
deposition to permit the witness to clarify any of his or her answers.
The grant or denial of such request shall be within the sole discretion
of the person conducting the deposition.
(5) The person conducting the deposition shall take all necessary
action to regulate the course of the deposition, to avoid delay, and to
prevent or restrain disorderly, dilatory, obstructionist, or
contumacious conduct, or contemptuous language. Such person shall, for
reasons stated on the record, immediately report to the Board any
instances where an attorney has allegedly refused to comply with his or
her directions, or has allegedly engaged in disorderly, dilatory,
obstructionist, or contumacious conduct, or contemptuous language in the
course of the deposition. The Board may thereupon take such further
action, if any, as the circumstances warrant, including exclusion of
that attorney from further participation in the particular
investigation.
(b) Voluntary interviews. Witnesses appearing voluntarily do not
have a right to have an attorney present during questioning. The
Investigator-in-Charge (IIC), in consultation with the General Counsel,
may permit a witness to be accompanied by an attorney or non-attorney
representative. If so accompanied, the role of the attorney or non-
attorney representative is limited to raising objections to questions
that are outside the scope of the investigation and to advising the
witness with respect to any legal privilege such as, for example, under
the Fifth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. Attorney and non-attorney
representatives

[[Page 1046]]

may not represent more than one witness in each investigation in this
fashion, absent the consent of the IIC and the General Counsel.

Sec. 1610.2 Repeated attorney misconduct, sanctions, hearings.

(a) If an attorney who has been sanctioned by the Board for
disorderly, dilatory, obstructionist, or contumacious conduct, or
contemptuous language in the course of a deposition under Sec.
1610.1(a)(5) is sanctioned again by the Board in a subsequent deposition
or investigation, the Board, after offering the attorney an opportunity
to be heard, may reprimand, censure the attorney, or suspend the
attorney from further practice before the Board for such period of time
as the Board deems advisable.
(b) A reprimand or a censure shall be ordered with grounds stated on
the record of the proceeding. A suspension shall be in writing, shall
state the grounds on which it is based, and shall advise the person
suspended of the right to appeal.
(c) An attorney suspended pursuant to this section may within ten
(10) days after issuance of the order file an appeal with the Board. The
appeal shall be in writing and state concisely, with supporting
argument, why the appellant believes the order was erroneous, either as
a matter of fact or law. If necessary for a full and fair consideration
of the facts, the Board as a whole may conduct further evidentiary
hearings, or may refer the matter to another presiding officer for
development of a record. Such presiding officer may be an attorney who
is a Member of the Board or is employed in the Office of General
Counsel, or an administrative law judge detailed from another agency
pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3344. If the Board refers the matter to a presiding
officer, unless the Board provides specific directions to the presiding
officer, that officer shall determine the procedure to be followed and
who shall present evidence, subject to applicable provisions of law.
Such hearing shall commence as soon as possible. If no appeal is taken
of a suspension, or, if the suspension is upheld at the conclusion of
the appeal, the presiding officer, or the Board, as appropriate, shall
notify the state bar(s) to which the attorney is admitted. Such
notification shall include copies of the order of suspension, and, if an
appeal was taken, briefs of the parties, and the decision of the Board.

[66 FR 17363, Mar. 30, 2001]

Sec. 1610.3 Sequestration of witnesses and exclusion of Counsel.

(a) All witnesses compelled by subpoena to submit to CSB depositions
shall be sequestered unless the official conducting the depositions
permits otherwise.
(b) Any witness compelled by subpoena to appear at a deposition
during a CSB investigation may be accompanied, represented, and advised
by an attorney in good standing of his or her choice, pursuant to Sec.
1610.1. However, when the CSB official conducting the investigation
determines, after consultation with the Office of General Counsel, that
the CSB has concrete evidence that the presence of an attorney
representing multiple interests would obstruct and impede the
investigation or inspection, the CSB official may prohibit that counsel
from being present during the deposition.
(c) The deposing official is to provide a witness whose counsel has
been excluded under paragraph (b) of this section, and the witness'
counsel, a written statement of the reasons supporting the decision to
exclude. This statement, which must be provided no later than five
working days after exclusion, must explain the basis for the counsel's
exclusion. This statement must also advise the witness of the witness'
right to appeal the exclusion decision and obtain an automatic stay of
the effectiveness of the subpoena by filing a motion to quash the
subpoena with the Board within five days of receipt of this written
statement.
(d) Within five days after receipt of the written notification
required in paragraph (c) of this section, a witness whose counsel has
been excluded may appeal the exclusion decision by filing a motion to
quash the subpoena with the Board. The filing of the motion to quash
will stay the effectiveness of the subpoena pending the Board's decision
on the motion.

[[Page 1047]]

(e) If a witness' counsel is excluded under paragraph (b) of this
section, the deposition may, at the witness' request, either proceed
without counsel or be delayed for a reasonable period of time to permit
the retention of new counsel. The deposition may also be rescheduled to
a subsequent date established by the CSB, although the deposition shall
not be rescheduled by the CSB to a date that precedes the expiration of
the time provided in paragraph (d) of this section for appeal of the
exclusion of counsel, unless the witness consents to an earlier date.

[66 FR 17363, Mar. 30, 2001]

Sec. 1610.4 Deposition Transcripts.

(a) Transcripts of depositions of witnesses compelled by subpoena to
appear during a Board investigation, shall be recorded solely by an
official reporter designated by the person conducting the deposition.
(b) Such a witness, after completing the compelled testimony, may
file a petition with the Board's General Counsel to procure a copy of
the official transcript of such testimony. The General Counsel shall
rule on the petition, and may deny it for good cause. Whether or not
such a petition is filed, the witness (and his or her attorney), upon
proper identification, shall have the right to inspect the official
transcript of the witness' own testimony. If such a petition is denied
by the General Counsel, he shall inform the petitioner of the right to
inspect the transcript.
(c) Good cause for denying a witness' petition to procure a
transcript of his or her testimony may include, but shall not be limited
to, the protection of: trade secrets and confidential business
information contained in the testimony, security-sensitive operational
and vulnerability information, and the integrity of Board
investigations.

[68 FR 4393, Jan. 29, 2003]

PART 1611_TESTIMONY BY EMPLOYEES IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS--Table of Contents

Sec.
1611.1 General.
1611.2 Definitions.
1611.3 Scope of permissible testimony.
1611.4 Manner in which testimony is given in civil litigation.
1611.5 Request for testimony in civil litigation.
1611.6 Testimony of former CSB employees.
1611.7 Testimony by current CSB employees regarding prior activity.
1611.8 Procedure in the event of a subpoena in civil litigation.
1611.9 Testimony in Federal, State, or local criminal investigations and
other proceedings.
1611.10 Obtaining CSB investigation reports and supporting information.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6)(G).

Source: 66 FR 17366, Mar. 30, 2001, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1611.1 General.

(a) This part prescribes policies and procedures regarding the
testimony of employees of the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation
Board (CSB) in suits or actions for damages and criminal proceedings
arising out of chemical incidents when such testimony is in an official
capacity and arises out of or is related to an incident investigation.
The purpose of this part is to ensure that the time of CSB employees is
used only for official purposes, to avoid embroiling the CSB in
controversial issues that are not related to its duties, to avoid
spending public funds for non-CSB purposes, to preserve the impartiality
of the CSB, and to prohibit the discovery of opinion testimony.
(b) This part does not apply to:
(1) Congressional requests or subpoenas for testimony or records;
(2) Federal court civil proceedings in which the United States is a
party;
(3) Federal administrative proceedings;
(4) Employees who voluntarily testify, while on their own time or in
approved leave status, as private citizens as to facts or events that
are not related to the official business of the CSB. The employee must
state for the record that the testimony represents the employee's own
views and is not necessarily the official position of the CSB.
(c) This part only provides guidance for the internal operations of
the CSB, and neither creates nor is intended to

[[Page 1048]]

create any enforceable right or benefit against the United States.

Sec. 1611.2 Definitions.

CSB incident report means the report containing the CSB's
determinations, including the probable cause of an incident, issued
either as a narrative report or in a computer format. Pursuant to 42
U.S.C. 7412(r)(6)(G), no part of the conclusions, findings or
recommendations of the CSB relating to an accidental release or the
investigation thereof, may be admitted as evidence or used in any suit
or action for damages growing out of any matter mentioned in such
report.
Employee, for the purpose of this part and part 1612 of this
chapter, refers to current or former CSB Board Members or employees,
including student interns, and contractors, contract employees, or
consultants (and their employees). This definition does not include
persons who are no longer employed by or under contract to the CSB, and
who are retained or hired as expert witnesses or agree to testify about
matters that do not involve their work for the CSB.

[66 FR 17366, Mar. 30, 2001, as amended at 66 FR 23854, May 10, 2001]

Sec. 1611.3 Scope of permissible testimony.

(a) The statute creating the CSB, 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6)(G), precludes
the use or admission into evidence of CSB investigative reports in any
suit or action for damages arising from such incidents. This provision
would be undermined if expert opinion testimony of CSB employees, which
may be reflected in the views of the CSB expressed in its reports, were
admitted in evidence or used in litigation arising out of an incident.
The CSB relies heavily upon its investigators' opinions in its
deliberations. Furthermore, the use of CSB employees as experts to give
opinion testimony would impose a significant administrative burden on
the CSB's investigative staff.
(b) For the reasons stated in paragraph (a) of this section and
Sec. 1611.1, CSB employees may only testify as to the factual
information they obtained during the course of an investigation.
However, they shall decline to testify regarding matters beyond the
scope of their investigation, and they shall not give any expert or
opinion testimony.
(c) CSB employees may testify about the firsthand information they
obtained during an investigation that is not reasonably available
elsewhere, including their own factual observations. Consistent with the
principles cited in Sec. 1611.1 and this section, current CSB employees
are not authorized to testify regarding other employee's observations or
reports, or other types of CSB documents, including but not limited to
safety recommendations, safety studies, safety proposals, safety
accomplishments, reports labeled studies, and analysis reports, as they
contain staff analysis and/or CSB conclusions.
(d) Consistent with 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6)(G), a CSB employee may not
use the CSB's investigation report for any purpose during his testimony.
(e) No employee may testify in any matter absent advance approval by
the General Counsel as provided in this part.

Sec. 1611.4 Manner in which testimony is given in civil litigation.

(a) Testimony of CSB employees with unique, firsthand information
may be made available for use in civil actions or civil suits for
damages arising out of incidents through depositions or written
interrogatories. CSB employees are not permitted to appear and testify
in court in such actions.
(b) Normally, depositions will be taken and interrogatories answered
at the CSB's headquarters in Washington, DC, and at a time arranged with
the employee reasonably fixed to avoid substantial interference with the
performance of his or her duties.
(c) CSB employees are authorized to testify only once in connection
with any investigation they have made of an incident. Consequently, when
more than one civil lawsuit arises as a result of an incident, it shall
be the duty of counsel seeking the employee's deposition to ascertain
the identity of all parties to the multiple lawsuits and their counsel,
and to advise them of the fact that a deposition has been granted, so
that all interested parties may be afforded the opportunity to
participate therein.

[[Page 1049]]

(d) Upon completion of the deposition of a CSB employee, the
original of the transcript will be provided to the deponent for
signature and correction, which the CSB does not waive. A copy of the
transcript of the testimony and any videotape shall be furnished, at the
expense of the party requesting the deposition, to the CSB's General
Counsel at Washington, DC headquarters for the CSB's files.
(e) If CSB employees are required to travel to testify, under the
relevant substantive and procedural laws and regulations the party
requesting the testimony must pay for the costs, including travel
expenses. Costs must be paid by check or money order payable to the
Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board.

Sec. 1611.5 Request for testimony in civil litigation.

(a) A written request for testimony by deposition or interrogatories
of a CSB employee relating to an incident shall be addressed to the
General Counsel, who may approve or deny the request consistent with
this part. Such request shall set forth the title of the civil case, the
court, the date and place of the incident, the reasons for desiring the
testimony, and a showing that the information desired is not reasonably
available from other sources.
(b) Where testimony is sought in connection with civil litigation,
the General Counsel shall not approve it until the CSB's investigation
report is issued.
(c) The General Counsel shall attach to the approval of any
deposition such reasonable conditions as may be deemed appropriate in
order that the testimony will be consistent with Sec. 1611.1, will be
limited to the matters delineated in Sec. 1611.3, will not interfere
with the performance of the duties of the employee as set forth in Sec.
1611.4, and will otherwise conform to the policies of this part.
(d) A subpoena shall not be served upon a CSB employee in connection
with the taking of a deposition in civil litigation.

Sec. 1611.6 Testimony of former CSB employees.

(a) It is not necessary to request CSB approval for testimony of a
former CSB employee, nor is such testimony limited to depositions.
However, the scope of permissible testimony continues to be constrained
by all the limitations set forth in Sec. 1611.3 and Sec. 1611.4.
(b) Any former employee who is served with a subpoena to appear and
testify in connection with civil litigation that relates to his or her
work with the CSB, shall immediately notify the CSB General Counsel and
provide all information requested by the General Counsel.

[66 FR 17366, Mar. 30, 2001, as amended at 66 FR 23854, May 10, 2001]

Sec. 1611.7 Testimony by current CSB employees regarding prior activity.

Any testimony regarding any incident within the CSB's jurisdiction,
or any expert testimony arising from employment prior to CSB service is
prohibited absent approval by the General Counsel. Approval shall only
be given if testimony will not violate Sec. 1611.1 and Sec. 1611.3,
and is subject to whatever conditions the General Counsel finds
necessary to promote the purposes of this part as set forth in Sec.
1611.1 and Sec. 1611.3.

Sec. 1611.8 Procedure in the event of a subpoena in civil litigation.

(a) If the CSB employee has received a subpoena to appear and
testify in connection with civil litigation, a request for his
deposition shall not be approved until the subpoena has been withdrawn.
(b) Upon receipt of a subpoena, the employee shall immediately
notify the General Counsel and provide all information requested by the
General Counsel.
(c) The General Counsel shall determine the course of action to be
taken and will so advise the employee.

Sec. 1611.9 Testimony in Federal, State, or local criminal investigations and

other proceedings.

(a) As with civil litigation, the CSB prefers that testimony be
taken by deposition if court rules permit, and that testimony await the
issuance of

[[Page 1050]]

the investigation report. The CSB recognizes, however, that in the case
of coroner's inquests and grand jury proceedings this may not be
possible. The CSB encourages those seeking testimony of CSB employees to
contact the General Counsel as soon as such testimony is being
considered. Whenever the intent to seek such testimony is communicated
to the employee, he shall immediately notify the General Counsel.
(b) In any case, CSB employees are prohibited from testifying in any
civil, criminal, or other matter, either in person or by deposition or
interrogatories, absent advance approval of the General Counsel.
(c) If permission to testify by deposition or in person is granted,
testimony shall be limited as set forth in Sec. 1611.3. Only factual
testimony is authorized; no expert or opinion testimony shall be given.

Sec. 1611.10 Obtaining CSB investigation reports and supporting information.

It is the responsibility of the individual requesting testimony to
obtain desired documents. There are a number of ways to obtain CSB
investigation reports, and accompanying investigation docket files. The
rules at part 1612 of this chapter explain CSB procedures for production
of records in legal proceedings, and the CSB's Freedom of Information
Act rules at part 1601 of this chapter explain CSB procedures for
producing documents more generally. See also the information available
on the CSB web site, at www.csb.gov. You may also call the CSB Office of
General Counsel, at (202) 261-7600. Documents will not be supplied by
witnesses at depositions, nor will copying services be provided by
deponents.

PART 1612_PRODUCTION OF RECORDS IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS--Table of Contents

Sec.
1612.1 Purpose and scope.
1612.2 Applicability.
1612.3 Published reports and material contained in the public incident
investigation dockets.
1612.4 Requests for authentication or certification of records.
1612.5 Other material.

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6)(G).

Source: 66 FR 17366, Mar. 30, 2001, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1612.1 Purpose and scope.

(a) This part sets forth procedures to be followed when requesting
material for use in legal proceedings (including administrative
proceedings) in which the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
(CSB) is not a party, and procedures to be followed by the employee upon
receipt of a subpoena, order, or other demand (collectively referred to
here as a demand) for such material by a court or other competent
authority or by a private litigant. Material, as used in this part,
means any type of physical or documentary evidence, including but not
limited to paper documents, electronic media, videotapes, audiotapes,
etc.
(b) The purposes of this part are to:
(1) Conserve the time of employees for conducting official business;
(2) Minimize the possibility of involving the CSB in controversial
issues not related to its mission;
(3) Maintain the impartiality of the CSB among private litigants;
(4) Avoid spending the time and money of the United States for
private purposes; and
(5) To protect confidential, sensitive information, and the
deliberative processes of the CSB.

Sec. 1612.2 Applicability.

This part applies to requests to produce material concerning
information acquired in the course of performing official duties or
because of the employee's official status. Specifically, this part
applies to requests for: material contained in CSB files; and any
information or material acquired by an employee of the CSB in the
performance of official duties or as a result of the employee's status.
Two sets of procedures are here established, dependent on the type of
material sought. Rules governing requests for employee testimony, as
opposed to material production, can be found at part 1611 of this
chapter. Document production shall not accompany employee testimony,
absent compliance with this part and General Counsel approval.

[[Page 1051]]

Sec. 1612.3 Published reports and material contained in the public incident

investigation dockets.

(a) Demands for published investigation reports should be directed
to the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, U.S. Chemical Safety
and Hazard Investigation Board, 2175 K Street, NW, Suite 400,
Washington, DC 20037. Demands for material contained in the CSB's
official public docket files of its incident investigations shall be
submitted, in writing, to CSB Records Officer, U.S. Chemical Safety and
Hazard Investigation Board, 2175 K Street, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC
20037. For information regarding the types of documents routinely issued
by the CSB, see part 1601 of this chapter.
(b) No subpoena shall be issued to obtain materials subject to this
section, and any subpoena issued shall be required to be withdrawn prior
to release of the requested information. Payment of reproduction fees
may be required in advance.

Sec. 1612.4 Requests for authentication or certification of records.

The CSB may authenticate or certify records to facilitate their use
as evidence. Requests for certified copies should be made to the General
Counsel at least 30 days before the date they will be needed. The CSB
may charge a certification fee of $5.00 per document.

Sec. 1612.5 Other material.

(a) Production prohibited unless approved. Except in the case of the
material referenced in Sec. 1612.3, no employee or former employee of
the CSB shall, in response to a demand of a private litigant, court, or
other authority, produce any material contained in the files of the CSB
(whether or not agency records under 5 U.S.C. 552) or produce any
material acquired as part of the performance of the person's official
duties or because of the person's official status, without the prior
written approval of the General Counsel.
(b) Procedures to be followed for the production of material under
this section. (1) All demands for material shall be submitted to the
General Counsel at CSB headquarters, 2175 K Street, NW., Suite 400,
Washington, DC 20037. If an employee receives a demand, he shall forward
it immediately to the General Counsel.
(2) Each demand must contain an affidavit by the party seeking the
material or his attorney setting forth the material sought and its
relevance to the proceeding, and containing a certification, with
support, that the information is not available from other sources,
including CSB materials described in Sec. 1612.3 and part 1601 of this
chapter.
(3) In the absence of General Counsel approval of a demand, the
employee is not authorized to comply with the demand.
(4) The General Counsel shall advise the requester of approval or
denial of the demand, and may attach whatever conditions to approval
considered appropriate or necessary to promote the purposes of this
part. The General Counsel may also permit exceptions to any requirement
in this part when necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice, or when
the exception is in the best interests of the CSB and/or the United
States.

PARTS 1613-1619 [RESERVED]

PART 1620_ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS ARISING UNDER THE FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT--

Table of Contents

Sec.
1620.1 Purpose and scope of regulations.
1620.2 Administrative claim; when presented.
1620.3 Administrative claim; who may file.
1620.4 Investigations.
1620.5 Administrative claim; evidence and information to be submitted.
1620.6 Authority to adjust, determine, compromise, and settle.
1620.7 Limitations on authority.
1620.8 Referral to Department of Justice.
1620.9 Final denial of claim.
1620.10 Action on approved claim.

Authority: 28 U.S.C. 2672; 42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6)(N); 28 CFR 14.11.

Source: At 69 FR 55513, Sept. 15, 2004, unless otherwise noted.

Sec. 1620.1 Purpose and scope of regulations.

The regulations in this part apply only to administrative claims
presented or filed with the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation
Board

[[Page 1052]]

(CSB), under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. 1346(b),
2401(b), 2671-2680, as amended, for money damages against the United
States for damage to or loss of property, personal injury, death, or
other damages caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of an
officer or employee of CSB while acting within the scope of his or her
office or employment, but only under circumstances where the United
States, if a private person, would be liable to the claimant in
accordance with the law of the place where the act or omission occurred.

Sec. 1620.2 Administrative claim; when presented.

(a) For purposes of the provisions of 28 U.S.C. 2401(b), 2672, and
2675, a claim is deemed to have been presented when the CSB receives
from a claimant, and/or his or her authorized agent, attorney, or other
legal representative, an executed Standard Form 95 (Claim for Damage,
Injury or Death), or other written notification of an incident,
accompanied by a claim for money damages stating a sum certain (a
specific dollar amount) for specified damage to or loss of property,
personal injury, death, or other compensable damages alleged to have
occurred as a result of the incident. A claimant must present a claim
within 2 years of the date of accrual of the claim. The date of accrual
generally is determined to be the time of death, injury, or other
alleged damages, or if the alleged damages are not immediately apparent,
when the claimant discovered (or reasonably should have discovered) the
alleged damages and its cause, though the actual date of accrual will
always depend on the facts of each case. Claimants should be advised
that mailing a claim by the 2-year time limit is not sufficient if the
CSB does not receive the claim through the mail by that date.
Additionally, claimants should be advised that a claim is not considered
presented by the CSB until the CSB receives all information requested in
this paragraph. Incomplete claims will be returned to the claimant.
(b) All claims filed under the FTCA as a result of the alleged
negligence or wrongful act or omission of the CSB or its employees must
be mailed or delivered to the Office of the General Counsel, 2175 K
Street NW., Suite 650, Washington, DC 20037.
(c) The FTCA requires that a claim must be presented to the Federal
agency whose activities gave rise to the claim. A claim that should have
been presented to CSB, but was mistakenly addressed to or filed with
another Federal agency, is presented to the CSB, as required by 28
U.S.C. 2401(b), as of the date the claim is received by the CSB. When a
claim is mistakenly presented to the CSB, the CSB will transfer the
claim to the appropriate Federal agency, if ascertainable, and advise
the claimant of the transfer, or return the claim to the claimant if the
appropriate Federal agency cannot be determined.
(d) A claimant whose claim arises from an incident involving the CSB
and one or more other Federal agencies will identify each agency to
which the claim has been submitted at the time the claim is presented to
the CSB. The CSB will contact all other affected Federal agencies in
order to designate a single agency that will investigate and decide the
merits of the claim. In the event a designation cannot be agreed upon by
the affected agencies, the Department of Justice will be consulted and
that agency will designate a specific agency to investigate and
determine the merits of the claim. The designated agency will then
notify the claimant that all future correspondence concerning the claim
must be directed to the designated Federal agency. All involved Federal
agencies may agree to conduct their own administrative reviews and to
coordinate the results, or to have the investigation conducted solely by
the designated Federal agency. However, in any event, the designated
agency will be responsible for the final determination of the claim.
(e) A claim presented in compliance with paragraph (a) of this
section may be amended by the claimant at any time prior to final agency
action or prior to the exercise of the claimant's option under 28 U.S.C.
2675(a). Amendments must be in writing and signed by the claimant or his
or her authorized agent, attorney, or other legal representative. Upon
the timely filing of an amendment to a pending claim, the

[[Page 1053]]

CSB will have an additional 6 months in which to investigate the claim
and to make a final disposition of the claim as amended. A claimant's
option under 28 U.S.C. 2675(a) will not accrue until 6 months after the
filing of an amendment.

Sec. 1620.3 Administrative claim; who may file.

(a) A claim for damage to or loss of property may be presented by
the owner of the property, or his or her authorized agent, attorney, or
other legal representative.
(b) A claim for personal injury may be presented by the injured
person, or his or her authorized agent, attorney or other legal
representative.
(c) A claim based on death may be presented by the executor or
administrator of the decedent's estate, or by any other person legally
entitled to assert a claim under the applicable State law, provided that
the basis for the representation is documented in writing.
(d) A claim for loss totally compensated by an insurer with the
rights to subrogate may be presented by the insurer. A claim for loss
partially compensated by an insurer with the rights to subrogate may be
presented by the insurer or the insured individually as their respective
interests appear, or jointly. When an insurer presents a claim asserting
the rights to subrogate the insurer must present appropriate evidence
that it has the rights to subrogate.
(e) A claim presented by an agent or legal representative must be
presented in the name of the claimant, be signed by the agent, attorney,
or other legal representative, show the title or legal capacity of the
person signing, and be accompanied by evidence of his or her authority
to present a claim on behalf of the claimant as agent, attorney,
executor, administrator, parent, guardian, conservator, or other legal
representative.

Sec. 1620.4 Investigations.

CSB may investigate, or may request any other Federal agency to
investigate, a claim filed under this part.

Sec. 1620.5 Administrative claim; evidence and information to be submitted.

(a) Death. In support of a claim based on death, the claimant may be
required to submit the following evidence or information:
(1) An authenticated death certificate or other competent evidence
showing cause of death, date of death, and age of the decedent.
(2) Decedent's employment or occupation at time of death, including
his or her monthly or yearly salary or earnings (if any), and the
duration of his or her last employment or occupation.
(3) Full names, addresses, birth date, kinship and marital status of
the decedent's survivors, including identification of those survivors
who were dependent on support provided by the decedent at the time of
death.
(4) Degree of support afforded by the decedent to each survivor
dependent on him or her for support at the time of death.
(5) Decedent's general physical and mental condition before death.
(6) Itemized bills for medical and burial expenses incurred by
reason of the incident causing death, or itemized receipts of payment
for such expenses.
(7) If damages for pain and suffering before death are claimed, a
physician's detailed statement specifying the injuries suffered,
duration of pain and suffering, any drugs administered for pain, and the
decedent's physical condition in the interval between injuries and
death.
(8) True and correct copies of relevant medical treatment records,
laboratory and other tests, including X-Rays, MRI, CT scans and other
objective evidence of medical evaluation and diagnosis, treatment of
injury/illness, and prognosis, if any had been made.
(9) Any other evidence or information that may have a bearing on
either the responsibility of the United States for the death or the
amount of damages claimed.
(b) Personal injury. In support of a claim for personal injury,
including pain and suffering, the claimant may be required to submit the
following evidence or information:

[[Page 1054]]

(1) A written report by the attending physician or dentist setting
forth the nature and extent of the injury, nature and extent of
treatment, any degree of temporary or permanent disability, the
prognosis, period of hospitalization, and any diminished earning
capacity. If damages for pain and suffering are claimed, a physician's
detailed statement specifying the duration of pain and suffering, a
listing of drugs administered for pain, and the claimant's general
physical condition.
(2) True and correct copies of relevant medical treatment records,
laboratory and other tests including X-Rays, MRI, CT scans and other
objective evidence of medical evaluation and diagnosis, treatment
injury/illness and prognosis.
(3) The claimant may be required to submit to a physical or mental
examination by a physician employed by CSB or another Federal agency. On
written request, CSB will make available to the claimant a copy of the
report of the examining physician employed by the United States,
provided the claimant has furnished CSB with the information noted in
paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section. In addition, the claimant
must have made or agrees to make available to CSB all other physicians'
reports previously or thereafter made of the physical or mental
condition that is subject matter of his or her claim.
(4) Itemized bills for medical, dental, and hospital expenses
incurred, and/or itemized receipts of payment for such expenses.
(5) If the prognosis reveals the necessity for future treatment, a
statement of the expected treatment and the expected expense for such
treatment.
(6) If a claim is made for loss of time from employment, a written
statement from his or her employer showing actual time lost from
employment, whether he or she is a full-time or part-time employee, and
wages or salary actually lost.
(7) If a claim is made for loss of income and the claimant is self-
employed, documentary evidence showing the amount of earnings actually
lost.
(8) Any other evidence or information that may have a bearing on
either the responsibility of the United States for the personal injury
or the damages claimed.
(c) Property damage. In support of a claim for damage to or loss of
property, real or personal, the claimant may be required to submit the
following evidence or information:
(1) Proof of ownership of the property.
(2) A detailed statement of the amount claimed with respect to each
item of property.
(3) An itemized receipt of payment for necessary repairs or itemized
written estimates of the cost of such repairs.
(4) A statement listing date of purchase, purchase price, and
salvage value.
(5) Photographs or video footage documenting the damage, including
photographs showing the condition of the property at issue both before
and after the alleged negligence or wrongful act or omission.
(6) Any other evidence or information that may have a bearing on
either the responsibility of the United States for the damage to or loss
of property or the damages claimed.

Sec. 1620.6 Authority to adjust, determine, compromise, and settle.

The General Counsel of CSB, or his or her designee, is delegated
authority to consider, ascertain, adjust, determine, compromise and
settle claims under the provision of 28 U.S.C. 2672, and this part. The
General Counsel, in his or her discretion, has the authority to further
delegate the responsibility for adjudicating, considering, adjusting,
compromising and settling any claim submitted under the provision of 28
U.S.C. 2672, and this part, that is based on the alleged negligence or
wrongful act or omission of a CSB employee acting in the scope of his or
her employment. However, in any case, any offer of compromise or
settlement in excess of $5,000 exercised by the CSB Chairperson or any
other lawful designee can only be made after a legal review is conducted
by an attorney within the CSB Office of General Counsel.

Sec. 1620.7 Limitations on authority.

(a) An award, compromise, or settlement of a claim under 28 U.S.C.
2672,

[[Page 1055]]

and this part, in excess of $25,000 can be made only with the prior
written approval of the CSB General Counsel and Chairperson, after
consultation and approval by the Department of Justice. For purposes of
this paragraph a principal claim and any derivative or subrogated claim
will be treated as a single claim.
(b) An administrative claim may be adjusted, determined, compromised
or settled under this part only after consultation with the Department
of Justice when, in the opinion of the General Counsel of CSB, or his or
her designee:
(1) A new precedent or a new point of law is involved; or
(2) A question of policy is or may be involved; or
(3) The United States is or may be entitled to indemnity or
contribution from a third party and CSB is unable to adjust the third
party claim; or
(4) The compromise of a particular claim, as a practical matter,
will or may control the disposition of a related claim in which the
amount to be paid may exceed $25,000.
(c) An administrative claim may be adjusted, determined, compromised
or settled under 28 U.S.C. 2672 and this part only after consultation
with the Department of Justice when CSB is informed or is otherwise
aware that the United States or an employee, agent or contractor of the
United States is involved in litigation based on a claim arising out of
the same incident or transaction.

Sec. 1620.8 Referral to Department of Justice.

When Department of Justice approval or consultation is required, or
the advice of the Department of Justice is otherwise to be requested,
under this regulation, the written referral or request will be
transmitted to the Department of Justice by the General Counsel of CSB,
or his or her designee.

Sec. 1620.9 Final denial of claim.

Final denial of an administrative claim must be in writing and sent
to the claimant, his or her agent, attorney, or other legal
representative by certified or registered mail. The notification of
final denial may include a statement of the reasons for the denial.
However, it must include a statement that, if the claimant is
dissatisfied with the CSB action, he or she may file suit in an
appropriate United States District Court not later than 6 months after
the date of mailing of the notifications, along with the admonition that
failure to file within this 6 month timeframe could result in the suit
being time-barred by the controlling statute of limitations. In the
event that a claimant does not hear from the CSB after 6 months have
passed from the date that the claim was presented, a claimant should
consider the claim denied and, if desired, should proceed with filing a
civil action in the appropriate U.S. District Court.

Sec. 1620.10 Action on approved claim.

(a) Payment of a claim approved under this part is contingent on
claimant's execution of a Standard Form 95 (Claim for Damage, Injury or
Death); a claims settlement agreement; and a Standard Form 1145 (Voucher
for Payment), as well as any other forms as may be required. When a
claimant is represented by an attorney, the Voucher for Payment will
designate both the claimant and his or her attorney as payees, and the
check will be delivered to the attorney, whose address is to appear on
the Voucher for payment.
(b) Acceptance by the claimant, his or her agent, attorney, or legal
representative, of an award, compromise or settlement made under 28
U.S.C. 2672 or 28 U.S.C. 2677 is final and conclusive on the claimant,
his or her agent, attorney, or legal representative, and any other
person on whose behalf or for whose benefit the claim has been
presented, and constitutes a complete release of any and all claims
against the United States and against any employee of the Federal
Government whose act(s) or omission(s) gave rise to the claim, by reason
of the same subject matter. To that end, as noted above, the claimant,
as well as any agent, attorney or other legal representative that
represented the claimant during any phase of the process (if applicable)
must execute a settlement agreement with the CSB prior to payment of any
funds.

[[Page 1056]]

PARTS 1621-1699 [RESERVED]

[[Page 1057]]

CHAPTER VII--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AND DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE;

UNIFORM NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR VESSELS OF THE ARMED FORCES

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Part Page
1700 Uniform National Discharge Standards for
vessels of the Armed Forces............. 1059

[[Page 1059]]

PART 1700_UNIFORM NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR VESSELS OF THE ARMED

FORCES--Table of Contents

Subpart A_Scope

Sec.
1700.1 Applicability.
1700.2 Effect.
1700.3 Definitions.

Subpart B_Discharge Determinations

1700.4 Discharges requiring control.
1700.5 Discharges not requiring control.

Subpart C_Effect on States

1700.6 Effect on State and local statutes and regulations.

No-Discharge Zones

1700.7 No-discharge zones.
1700.8 Discharges for which no-discharge zones can be established.
1700.9 No-discharge zones by State prohibition.
1700.10 No-discharge zones by EPA prohibition.

State Petition for Review

1700.11 State petition for review of determinations or standards.
1700.12 Petition requirements.
1700.13 Petition decisions.

Subpart D_Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards

1700.14 Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards.
[Reserved]

Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1322, 1361.

Source: 64 FR 25134, May 10, 1999, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A_Scope

Sec. 1700.1 Applicability.

(a) This part applies to the owners and operators of Armed Forces
vessels, except where the Secretary of Defense finds that compliance
with this part is not in the interest of the national security of the
United States. This part does not apply to vessels while they are under
construction, vessels in drydock, amphibious vehicles, or vessels under
the jurisdiction of the Department of Transportation other than those of
the Coast Guard.
(b) This part also applies to States and political subdivisions of
States.

Sec. 1700.2 Effect.

(a) This part identifies those discharges, other than sewage,
incidental to the normal operation of Armed Forces vessels that require
control within the navigable waters of the United States and the waters
of the contiguous zone, and those discharges that do not require
control. Discharges requiring control are identified in Sec. 1700.4.
Discharges not requiring control are identified in Sec. 1700.5. Federal
standards of performance for each required Marine Pollution Control
Device are listed in Sec. 1700.14. This part is not applicable beyond
the contiguous zone.
(b) This part prohibits States and their political subdivisions from
adopting or enforcing State or local statutes or regulations controlling
the discharges from Armed Forces vessels listed in Sec. Sec. 1700.4 and
1700.5 according to the timing provisions in Sec. 1700.6, except to
establish a no-discharge zone by State prohibition in accordance with
Sec. 1700.9, or to apply for a no-discharge zone by EPA prohibition in
accordance with Sec. 1700.10. This part also provides a mechanism for
States to petition the Administrator and the Secretary to review a
determination of whether a discharge requires control, or to review a
Federal standard of performance for a Marine Pollution Control Device,
in accordance with Sec. Sec. 1700.11 through 1700.13.

Sec. 1700.3 Definitions.

Administrator means the Administrator of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency or that person's authorized
representative.
Armed Forces vessel means a vessel owned or operated by the United
States Department of Defense or the United States Coast Guard, other
than vessels that are time or voyage chartered by the Armed Forces,
vessels of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, or vessels that are
memorials or museums.
Discharge incidental to the normal operation of a vessel means a
discharge, including, but not limited to: graywater, bilgewater, cooling
water, weather deck runoff, ballast water, oil water

[[Page 1060]]

separator effluent, and any other pollutant discharge from the operation
of a marine propulsion system, shipboard maneuvering system, crew
habitability system, or installed major equipment, such as an aircraft
carrier elevator or a catapult, or from a protective, preservative, or
absorptive application to the hull of a vessel; and a discharge in
connection with the testing, maintenance, and repair of any of the
aforementioned systems whenever the vessel is waterborne, including
pierside. A discharge incidental to normal operation does not include:
(1) Sewage;
(2) A discharge of rubbish, trash, or garbage;
(3) A discharge of air emissions resulting from the operation of a
vessel propulsion system, motor driven equipment, or incinerator;
(4) A discharge that requires a National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit under the Clean Water Act; or
(5) A discharge containing source, special nuclear, or byproduct
materials regulated by the Atomic Energy Act.
Environmental Protection Agency, abbreviated EPA, means the United
States Environmental Protection Agency.
Marine Pollution Control Device, abbreviated MPCD, means any
equipment or management practice installed or used on an Armed Forces
vessel that is designed to receive, retain, treat, control, or discharge
a discharge incidental to the normal operation of a vessel, and that is
determined by the Administrator and Secretary to be the most effective
equipment or management practice to reduce the environmental impacts of
the discharge consistent with the considerations in Clean Water Act
section 312(n)(2)(B).
No-discharge zone means an area of specified waters established
pursuant to this regulation into which one or more specified discharges
incidental to the normal operation of Armed Forces vessels, whether
treated or untreated, are prohibited.
Secretary means the Secretary of the United States Department of
Defense or that person's authorized representative.
United States includes the States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa,
the Canal Zone, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
Vessel includes every description of watercraft or other artificial
contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation
on navigable waters of the United States or waters of the contiguous
zone, but does not include amphibious vehicles.

Subpart B_Discharge Determinations

Sec. 1700.4 Discharges requiring control.

For the following discharges incidental to the normal operation of
Armed Forces vessels, the Administrator and the Secretary have
determined that it is reasonable and practicable to require use of a
Marine Pollution Control Device for at least one class of vessel to
mitigate adverse impacts on the marine environment:
(a) Aqueous Film-Forming Foam: the firefighting foam and seawater
mixture discharged during training, testing, or maintenance operations.
(b) Catapult Water Brake Tank & Post-Launch Retraction Exhaust: the
oily water skimmed from the water tank used to stop the forward motion
of an aircraft carrier catapult, and the condensed steam discharged when
the catapult is retracted.
(c) Chain Locker Effluent: the accumulated precipitation and
seawater that is emptied from the compartment used to store the vessel's
anchor chain.
(d) Clean Ballast: the seawater taken into, and discharged from,
dedicated ballast tanks to maintain the stability of the vessel and to
adjust the buoyancy of submarines.
(e) Compensated Fuel Ballast: the seawater taken into, and
discharged from, ballast tanks designed to hold both ballast water and
fuel to maintain the stability of the vessel.
(f) Controllable Pitch Propeller Hydraulic Fluid: the hydraulic
fluid that discharges into the surrounding seawater from propeller seals
as part of normal operation, and the hydraulic fluid released during
routine maintenance of the propellers.

[[Page 1061]]

(g) Deck Runoff: the precipitation, washdowns, and seawater falling
on the weather deck of a vessel and discharged overboard through deck
openings.
(h) Dirty Ballast: the seawater taken into, and discharged from,
empty fuel tanks to maintain the stability of the vessel.
(i) Distillation and Reverse Osmosis Brine: the concentrated
seawater (brine) produced as a byproduct of the processes used to
generate freshwater from seawater.
(j) Elevator Pit Effluent: the liquid that accumulates in, and is
discharged from, the sumps of elevator wells on vessels.
(k) Firemain Systems: the seawater pumped through the firemain
system for firemain testing, maintenance, and training, and to supply
water for the operation of certain vessel systems.
(l) Gas Turbine Water Wash: the water released from washing gas
turbine components.
(m) Graywater: galley, bath, and shower water, as well as wastewater
from lavatory sinks, laundry, interior deck drains, water fountains, and
shop sinks.
(n) Hull Coating Leachate: the constituents that leach, dissolve,
ablate, or erode from the paint on the hull into the surrounding
seawater.
(o) Motor Gasoline and Compensating Discharge: the seawater taken
into, and discharged from, motor gasoline tanks to eliminate free space
where vapors could accumulate.
(p) Non-Oily machinery wastewater: the combined wastewater from the
operation of distilling plants, water chillers, valve packings, water
piping, low- and high-pressure air compressors, and propulsion engine
jacket coolers.
(q) Photographic Laboratory Drains: the laboratory wastewater
resulting from processing of photographic film.
(r) Seawater Cooling Overboard Discharge: the discharge of seawater
from a dedicated system that provides noncontact cooling water for other
vessel systems.
(s) Seawater Piping Biofouling Prevention: the discharge of seawater
containing additives used to prevent the growth and attachment of
biofouling organisms in dedicated seawater cooling systems on selected
vessels.
(t) Small Boat Engine Wet Exhaust: the seawater that is mixed and
discharged with small boat propulsion engine exhaust to cool the exhaust
and quiet the engine.
(u) Sonar Dome Discharge: the leaching of antifoulant materials into
the surrounding seawater and the release of seawater or freshwater
retained within the sonar dome.
(v) Submarine Bilgewater: the wastewater from a variety of sources
that accumulates in the lowest part of the submarine (i.e., bilge).
(w) Surface Vessel Bilgewater/Oil-Water Separator Effluent: the
wastewater from a variety of sources that accumulates in the lowest part
of the vessel (the bilge), and the effluent produced when the wastewater
is processed by an oil water separator.
(x) Underwater Ship Husbandry: the materials discharged during the
inspection, maintenance, cleaning, and repair of hulls performed while
the vessel is waterborne.
(y) Welldeck Discharges: the water that accumulates from seawater
flooding of the docking well (welldeck) of a vessel used to transport,
load, and unload amphibious vessels, and from maintenance and freshwater
washings of the welldeck and equipment and vessels stored in the
welldeck.

Sec. 1700.5 Discharges not requiring control.

For the following discharges incidental to the normal operation of
Armed Forces vessels, the Administrator and the Secretary have
determined that it is not reasonable or practicable to require use of a
Marine Pollution Control Device to mitigate adverse impacts on the
marine environment:
(a) Boiler Blowdown: the water and steam discharged when a steam
boiler is blown down, or when a steam safety valve is tested.
(b) Catapult Wet Accumulator Discharge: the water discharged from a
catapult wet accumulator, which stores a steam/water mixture for
launching aircraft from an aircraft carrier.
(c) Cathodic Protection: the constituents released into surrounding
water from sacrificial anode or impressed

[[Page 1062]]

current cathodic hull corrosion protection systems.
(d) Freshwater Lay-up: the potable water that is discharged from the
seawater cooling system while the vessel is in port, and the cooling
system is in lay-up mode (a standby mode where seawater in the system is
replaced with potable water for corrosion protection).
(e) Mine Countermeasures Equipment Lubrication: the constituents
released into the surrounding seawater by erosion or dissolution from
lubricated mine countermeasures equipment when the equipment is deployed
and towed.
(f) Portable Damage Control Drain Pump Discharge: the seawater
pumped through the portable damage control drain pump and discharged
overboard during testing, maintenance, and training activities.
(g) Portable Damage Control Drain Pump Wet Exhaust: the seawater
mixed and discharged with portable damage control drain pump exhaust to
cool the exhaust and quiet the engine.
(h) Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Condensate: the drainage of
condensed moisture from air conditioning units, refrigerators, freezers,
and refrigerated spaces.
(i) Rudder Bearing Lubrication: the oil or grease released by the
erosion or dissolution from lubricated bearings that support the rudder
and allow it to turn freely.
(j) Steam Condensate: the condensed steam discharged from a vessel
in port, where the steam originates from port facilities.
(k) Stern Tube Seals and Underwater Bearing Lubrication: the
seawater pumped through stern tube seals and underwater bearings to
lubricate and cool them during normal operation.
(l) Submarine Acoustic Countermeasures Launcher Discharge: the
seawater that is mixed with acoustic countermeasure device propulsion
gas following a countermeasure launch that is then exchanged with
surrounding seawater, or partially drained when the launch assembly is
removed from the submarine for maintenance.
(m) Submarine Emergency Diesel Engine Wet Exhaust: the seawater that
is mixed and discharged with submarine emergency diesel engine exhaust
to cool the exhaust and quiet the engine.
(n) Submarine Outboard Equipment Grease and External Hydraulics: the
grease released into the surrounding seawater by erosion or dissolution
from submarine equipment exposed to seawater.

Subpart C_Effect on States

Sec. 1700.6 Effect on State and local statutes and regulations.

(a) After the effective date of a final rule determining that it is
not reasonable and practicable to require use of a Marine Pollution
Control Device regarding a particular discharge incidental to the normal
operation of an Armed Forces vessel, States or political subdivisions of
States may not adopt or enforce any State or local statute or
regulation, including issuance or enforcement of permits under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, controlling that
discharge, except that States may establish a no-discharge zone by State
prohibition (as provided in Sec. 1700.9), or apply for a no-discharge
zone by EPA prohibition (as provided in Sec. 1700.10).
(b)(1) After the effective date of a final rule determining that it
is reasonable and practicable to require use of a Marine Pollution
Control Device regarding a particular discharge incidental to the normal
operation of an Armed Forces vessel, States may apply for a no-discharge
zone by EPA prohibition (as provided in Sec. 1700.10) for that
discharge.
(2) After the effective date of a final rule promulgated by the
Secretary governing the design, construction, installation, and use of a
Marine Pollution Control Device for a discharge listed in Sec. 1700.4,
States or political subdivisions of States may not adopt or enforce any
State or local statute or regulation, including issuance or enforcement
of permits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System,
controlling that discharge except that States may establish a no-
discharge zone by State prohibition (as provided in Sec. 1700.9), or
apply for a no-discharge zone by EPA prohibition (as provided in Sec.
1700.10).
(c) The Governor of any State may submit a petition requesting that
the

[[Page 1063]]

Administrator and Secretary review a determination of whether a Marine
Pollution Control Device is required for any discharge listed in Sec.
1700.4 or Sec. 1700.5, or review a Federal standard of performance for
a Marine Pollution Control Device.

No-Discharge Zones

Sec. 1700.7 No-discharge zones.

For this part, a no-discharge zone is a waterbody, or portion
thereof, where one or more discharges incidental to the normal operation
of Armed Forces vessels, whether treated or not, are prohibited. A no-
discharge zone is established either by State prohibition using the
procedures in Sec. 1700.9, or by EPA prohibition, upon application of a
State, using the procedures in Sec. 1700.10.

Sec. 1700.8 Discharges for which no-discharge zones can be established.

(a) A no-discharge zone may be established by State prohibition for
any discharge listed in Sec. 1700.4 or Sec. 1700.5 following the
procedures in Sec. 1700.9. A no-discharge zone established by a State
using these procedures may apply only to those discharges that have been
preempted from other State or local regulation pursuant to Sec. 1700.6.
(b) A no-discharge zone may be established by EPA prohibition for
any discharge listed in Sec. 1700.4 or Sec. 1700.5 following the
procedures in Sec. 1700.10.

Sec. 1700.9 No-discharge zones by State prohibition.

(a) A State seeking to establish a no-discharge zone by State
prohibition must send to the Administrator the following information:
(1) The discharge from Sec. 1700.4 or Sec. 1700.5 to be prohibited
within the no-discharge zone.
(2) A detailed description of the waterbody, or portions thereof, to
be included in the prohibition. The description must include a map,
preferably a USGS topographic quadrant map, clearly marking the zone
boundaries by latitude and longitude.
(3) A determination that the protection and enhancement of the
waters described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section require greater
environmental protection than provided by existing Federal standards.
(4) A complete description of the facilities reasonably available
for collecting the discharge including:
(i) A map showing their location(s) and a written location
description.
(ii) A demonstration that the facilities have the capacity and
capability to provide safe and sanitary removal of the volume of
discharge being prohibited in terms of both vessel berthing and
discharge reception.
(iii) The schedule of operating hours of the facilities.
(iv) The draft requirements of the vessel(s) that will be required
to use the facilities and the available water depth at the facilities.
(v) Information showing that handling of the discharge at the
facilities is in conformance with Federal law.
(5) Information on whether vessels other than those of the Armed
Forces are subject to the same type of prohibition. If the State is not
applying the prohibition to all vessels in the area, the State must
demonstrate the technical or environmental basis for applying the
prohibition only to Armed Forces vessels. The following information must
be included in the technical or environmental basis for treating Armed
Forces vessels differently:
(i) An analysis showing the relative contributions of the discharge
from Armed Forces and non-Armed Forces vessels.
(ii) A description of State efforts to control the discharge from
non-Armed Forces vessels.
(b) The information provided under paragraph (a) of this section
must be sufficient to enable EPA to make the two determinations listed
below. Prior to making these determinations, EPA will consult with the
Secretary on the adequacy of the facilities and the operational impact
of any prohibition on Armed Forces vessels.
(1) Adequate facilities for the safe and sanitary removal of the
discharge are reasonably available for the specified waters.
(2) The prohibition will not have the effect of discriminating
against vessels of the Armed Forces by reason of the ownership or
operation by the Federal

[[Page 1064]]

Government, or the military function, of the vessels.
(c) EPA will notify the State in writing of the result of the
determinations under paragraph (b) of this section, and will provide a
written explanation of any negative determinations. A no-discharge zone
established by State prohibition will not go into effect until EPA
determines that the conditions of paragraph (b) of this section have
been met.

Sec. 1700.10 No-discharge zones by EPA prohibition.

(a) A State requesting EPA to establish a no-discharge zone must
send to the Administrator an application containing the following
information:
(1) The discharge from Sec. 1700.4 or Sec. 1700.5 to be prohibited
within the no-discharge zone.
(2) A detailed description of the waterbody, or portions thereof, to
be included in the prohibition. The description must include a map,
preferably a USGS topographic quadrant map, clearly marking the zone
boundaries by latitude and longitude.
(3) A technical analysis showing why protection and enhancement of
the waters described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section require a
prohibition of the discharge. The analysis must provide specific
information on why the discharge adversely impacts the zone and how
prohibition will protect the zone. In addition, the analysis should
characterize any sensitive areas, such as aquatic sanctuaries, fish-
spawning and nursery areas, pristine areas, areas not meeting water
quality standards, drinking water intakes, and recreational areas.
(4) A complete description of the facilities reasonably available
for collecting the discharge including:
(i) A map showing their location(s) and a written location
description.
(ii) A demonstration that the facilities have the capacity and
capability to provide safe and sanitary removal of the volume of
discharge being prohibited in terms of both vessel berthing and
discharge reception.
(iii) The schedule of operating hours of the facilities.
(iv) The draft requirements of the vessel(s) that will be required
to use the facilities and the available water depth at the facilities.
(v) Information showing that handling of the discharge at the
facilities is in conformance with Federal law.
(5) Information on whether vessels other than those of the Armed
Forces are subject to the same type of prohibition. If the State is not
applying a prohibition to other vessels in the area, the State must
demonstrate the technical or environmental basis for applying a
prohibition only to Armed Forces vessels. The following information must
be included in the technical or environmental basis for treating Armed
Forces vessels differently:
(i) An analysis showing the relative contributions of the discharge
from Armed Forces and non-Armed Forces vessels.
(ii) A description of State efforts to control the discharge from
non-Armed Forces vessels.
(b) The information provided under paragraph (a) of this section
must be sufficient to enable EPA to make the three determinations listed
below. Prior to making these determinations, EPA will consult with the
Secretary on the adequacy of the facilities and the operational impact
of the prohibition on Armed Forces vessels.
(1) The protection and enhancement of the specified waters require a
prohibition of the discharge.
(2) Adequate facilities for the safe and sanitary removal of the
discharge are reasonably available for the specified waters.
(3) The prohibition will not have the effect of discriminating
against vessels of the Armed Forces by reason of the ownership or
operation by the Federal Government, or the military function, or the
vessels.
(c) If the three conditions in paragraph (b) of this section are
met, EPA will by regulation establish the no-discharge zone. If the
conditions in paragraphs (b) (1) and (3) of this section are met, but
the condition in paragraph (b)(2) of this section is not met, EPA may
establish the no-discharge zone if it determines that the significance
of the waters and the potential impact of the discharge are of
sufficient magnitude to warrant any resulting constraints on Armed
Forces vessels.

[[Page 1065]]

(d) EPA will notify the State of its decision on the no-discharge
zone application in writing. If EPA approves the no-discharge zone
application, EPA will by regulation establish the no-discharge zone by
modification to this part. A no-discharge zone established by EPA
prohibition will not go into effect until the effective date of the
regulation.

State Petition for Review

Sec. 1700.11 State petition for review of determinations or standards.

The Governor of any State may submit a petition requesting that the
Administrator and Secretary review a determination of whether a Marine
Pollution Control Device is required for any discharge listed in Sec.
1700.4 or Sec. 1700.5, or review a Federal standard of performance for
a Marine Pollution Control Device. A State may submit a petition only
where there is new, significant information not considered previously by
the Administrator and Secretary.

Sec. 1700.12 Petition requirements.

A petition for review of a determination or standard must include:
(a) The discharge from Sec. 1700.4 or Sec. 1700.5 for which a
change in determination is requested, or the performance standard from
Sec. 1700.14 for which review is requested.
(b) The scientific and technical information on which the petition
is based.
(c) A detailed explanation of why the State believes that
consideration of the new information should result in a change to the
determination or the standard on a nationwide basis, and an explanation
of how the new information is relevant to one or more of the following
factors:
(1) The nature of the discharge.
(2) The environmental effects of the discharge.
(3) The practicability of using a Marine Pollution Control Device.
(4) The effect that installation or use of the Marine Pollution
Control Device would have on the operation or operational capability of
the vessel.
(5) Applicable United States law.
(6) Applicable international standards.
(7) The economic costs of the installation and use of the Marine
Pollution Control Device.

Sec. 1700.13 Petition decisions.

The Administrator and the Secretary will evaluate the petition and
grant or deny the petition no later than two years after the date of
receipt of the petition. If the Administrator and Secretary grant the
petition, they will undertake rulemaking to amend this part. If the
Administrator and Secretary deny the petition, they will provide the
State with a written explanation of why they denied it.

Subpart D_Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards

Sec. 1700.14 Marine Pollution Control Device (MPCD) Performance Standards.

[Reserved]

[[Page 1067]]

FINDING AIDS

--------------------------------------------------------------------

A list of CFR titles, subtitles, chapters, subchapters and parts and
an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are included in
the CFR Index and Finding Aids volume to the Code of Federal Regulations
which is published separately and revised annually.

Table of CFR Titles and Chapters
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR
List of CFR Sections Affected

[[Page 1069]]

Table of CFR Titles and Chapters

(Revised as of July 1, 2012)

Title 1--General Provisions

I Administrative Committee of the Federal Register
(Parts 1--49)
II Office of the Federal Register (Parts 50--299)
III Administrative Conference of the United States (Parts
300--399)
IV Miscellaneous Agencies (Parts 400--500)

Title 2--Grants and Agreements

Subtitle A--Office of Management and Budget Guidance
for Grants and Agreements
I Office of Management and Budget Governmentwide
Guidance for Grants and Agreements (Parts 2--199)
II Office of Management and Budget Circulars and Guidance
(200--299)
Subtitle B--Federal Agency Regulations for Grants and
Agreements
III Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 300--
399)
IV Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
VI Department of State (Parts 600--699)
VII Agency for International Development (Parts 700--799)
VIII Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
IX Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
XI Department of Defense (Parts 1100--1199)
XII Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
XIII Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
XIV Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
XV Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
XVIII National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts
1800--1899)
XX United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts
2000--2099)
XXII Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts
2200--2299)
XXIII Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
XXIV Housing and Urban Development (Parts 2400--2499)
XXV National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
XXVI National Archives and Records Administration (Parts
2600--2699)
XXVII Small Business Administration (Parts 2700--2799)
XXVIII Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)

[[Page 1070]]

XXX Department of Homeland Security (Parts 3000--3099)
XXXI Institute of Museum and Library Services (Parts 3100--
3199)
XXXII National Endowment for the Arts (Parts 3200--3299)
XXXIII National Endowment for the Humanities (Parts 3300--
3399)
XXXIV Department of Education (Parts 3400--3499)
XXXV Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 3500--
3599)
XXXVII Peace Corps (Parts 3700--3799)
LVIII Election Assistance Commission (Parts 5800--5899)

Title 3--The President

I Executive Office of the President (Parts 100--199)

Title 4--Accounts

I Government Accountability Office (Parts 1--199)
II Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board (Parts
200--299)

Title 5--Administrative Personnel

I Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1--1199)
II Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 1200--1299)
III Office of Management and Budget (Parts 1300--1399)
V The International Organizations Employees Loyalty
Board (Parts 1500--1599)
VI Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts
1600--1699)
VIII Office of Special Counsel (Parts 1800--1899)
IX Appalachian Regional Commission (Parts 1900--1999)
XI Armed Forces Retirement Home (Parts 2100--2199)
XIV Federal Labor Relations Authority, General Counsel of
the Federal Labor Relations Authority and Federal
Service Impasses Panel (Parts 2400--2499)
XV Office of Administration, Executive Office of the
President (Parts 2500--2599)
XVI Office of Government Ethics (Parts 2600--2699)
XXI Department of the Treasury (Parts 3100--3199)
XXII Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 3200--
3299)
XXIII Department of Energy (Parts 3300--3399)
XXIV Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Parts 3400--
3499)
XXV Department of the Interior (Parts 3500--3599)
XXVI Department of Defense (Parts 3600-- 3699)
XXVIII Department of Justice (Parts 3800--3899)
XXIX Federal Communications Commission (Parts 3900--3999)
XXX Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 4000--
4099)
XXXI Farm Credit Administration (Parts 4100--4199)

[[Page 1071]]

XXXIII Overseas Private Investment Corporation (Parts 4300--
4399)
XXXIV Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 4400--4499)
XXXV Office of Personnel Management (Parts 4500--4599)
XXXVII Federal Election Commission (Parts 4700--4799)
XL Interstate Commerce Commission (Parts 5000--5099)
XLI Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 5100--
5199)
XLII Department of Labor (Parts 5200--5299)
XLIII National Science Foundation (Parts 5300--5399)
XLV Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 5500--
5599)
XLVI Postal Rate Commission (Parts 5600--5699)
XLVII Federal Trade Commission (Parts 5700--5799)
XLVIII Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 5800--5899)
XLIX Federal Labor Relations Authority (Parts 5900--5999)
L Department of Transportation (Parts 6000--6099)
LII Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 6200--
6299)
LIII Department of Education (Parts 6300--6399)
LIV Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 6400--6499)
LV National Endowment for the Arts (Parts 6500--6599)
LVI National Endowment for the Humanities (Parts 6600--
6699)
LVII General Services Administration (Parts 6700--6799)
LVIII Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
(Parts 6800--6899)
LIX National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts
6900--6999)
LX United States Postal Service (Parts 7000--7099)
LXI National Labor Relations Board (Parts 7100--7199)
LXII Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 7200--
7299)
LXIII Inter-American Foundation (Parts 7300--7399)
LXIV Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 7400--7499)
LXV Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts
7500--7599)
LXVI National Archives and Records Administration (Parts
7600--7699)
LXVII Institute of Museum and Library Services (Parts 7700--
7799)
LXVIII Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 7800--7899)
LXIX Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 7900--7999)
LXX Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the
District of Columbia (Parts 8000--8099)
LXXI Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 8100--8199)
LXXIII Department of Agriculture (Parts 8300--8399)
LXXIV Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
(Parts 8400--8499)
LXXVI Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts
8600--8699)
LXXVII Office of Management and Budget (Parts 8700--8799)
LXXX Federal Housing Finance Agency (Parts 9000--9099)
LXXXII Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction
(Parts 9200--9299)

[[Page 1072]]

LXXXIII Special Inspector General for Afghanistan
Reconstruction (Parts 9300--9399)
LXXXIV Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Parts 9400--
9499)
XCVII Department of Homeland Security Human Resources
Management System (Department of Homeland
Security--Office of Personnel Management) (Parts
9700--9799)

Title 6--Domestic Security

I Department of Homeland Security, Office of the
Secretary (Parts 1--99)

Title 7--Agriculture

Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Agriculture
(Parts 0--26)
Subtitle B--Regulations of the Department of
Agriculture
I Agricultural Marketing Service (Standards,
Inspections, Marketing Practices), Department of
Agriculture (Parts 27--209)
II Food and Nutrition Service, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 210--299)
III Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department
of Agriculture (Parts 300--399)
IV Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
V Agricultural Research Service, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 500--599)
VI Natural Resources Conservation Service, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 600--699)
VII Farm Service Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts
700--799)
VIII Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards
Administration (Federal Grain Inspection Service),
Department of Agriculture (Parts 800--899)
IX Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements
and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), Department
of Agriculture (Parts 900--999)
X Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements
and Orders; Milk), Department of Agriculture
(Parts 1000--1199)
XI Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements
and Orders; Miscellaneous Commodities), Department
of Agriculture (Parts 1200--1299)
XIV Commodity Credit Corporation, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 1400--1499)
XV Foreign Agricultural Service, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 1500--1599)
XVI Rural Telephone Bank, Department of Agriculture (Parts
1600--1699)
XVII Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 1700--1799)

[[Page 1073]]

XVIII Rural Housing Service, Rural Business-Cooperative
Service, Rural Utilities Service, and Farm Service
Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 1800--
2099)
XX Local Television Loan Guarantee Board (Parts 2200--
2299)
XXV Office of Advocacy and Outreach, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 2500--2599)
XXVI Office of Inspector General, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 2600--2699)
XXVII Office of Information Resources Management, Department
of Agriculture (Parts 2700--2799)
XXVIII Office of Operations, Department of Agriculture (Parts
2800--2899)
XXIX Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 2900--2999)
XXX Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 3000--3099)
XXXI Office of Environmental Quality, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 3100--3199)
XXXII Office of Procurement and Property Management,
Department of Agriculture (Parts 3200--3299)
XXXIII Office of Transportation, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 3300--3399)
XXXIV National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Parts
3400--3499)
XXXV Rural Housing Service, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 3500--3599)
XXXVI National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department
of Agriculture (Parts 3600--3699)
XXXVII Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture
(Parts 3700--3799)
XXXVIII World Agricultural Outlook Board, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 3800--3899)
XLI [Reserved]
XLII Rural Business-Cooperative Service and Rural Utilities
Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 4200--
4299)

Title 8--Aliens and Nationality

I Department of Homeland Security (Immigration and
Naturalization) (Parts 1--499)
V Executive Office for Immigration Review, Department of
Justice (Parts 1000--1399)

Title 9--Animals and Animal Products

I Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department
of Agriculture (Parts 1--199)
II Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards
Administration (Packers and Stockyards Programs),
Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--299)

[[Page 1074]]

III Food Safety and Inspection Service, Department of
Agriculture (Parts 300--599)

Title 10--Energy

I Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 0--199)
II Department of Energy (Parts 200--699)
III Department of Energy (Parts 700--999)
X Department of Energy (General Provisions) (Parts
1000--1099)
XIII Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (Parts 1300--
1399)
XVII Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Parts 1700--
1799)
XVIII Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste
Commission (Parts 1800--1899)

Title 11--Federal Elections

I Federal Election Commission (Parts 1--9099)
II Election Assistance Commission (Parts 9400--9499)

Title 12--Banks and Banking

I Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 1--199)
II Federal Reserve System (Parts 200--299)
III Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 300--399)
IV Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 400--
499)
V Office of Thrift Supervision, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 500--599)
VI Farm Credit Administration (Parts 600--699)
VII National Credit Union Administration (Parts 700--799)
VIII Federal Financing Bank (Parts 800--899)
IX Federal Housing Finance Board (Parts 900--999)
X Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Parts 1000--
1099)
XI Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
(Parts 1100--1199)
XII Federal Housing Finance Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
XIII Financial Stability Oversight Council (Parts 1300--
1399)
XIV Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 1400--
1499)
XV Department of the Treasury (Parts 1500--1599)
XVI Office of Financial Research (Parts 1600--1699)
XVII Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight,
Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts
1700--1799)
XVIII Community Development Financial Institutions Fund,
Department of the Treasury (Parts 1800--1899)

[[Page 1075]]

Title 13--Business Credit and Assistance

I Small Business Administration (Parts 1--199)
III Economic Development Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 300--399)
IV Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board (Parts 400--499)
V Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board (Parts
500--599)

Title 14--Aeronautics and Space

I Federal Aviation Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 1--199)
II Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation
(Aviation Proceedings) (Parts 200--399)
III Commercial Space Transportation, Federal Aviation
Administration, Department of Transportation
(Parts 400--1199)
V National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts
1200--1299)
VI Air Transportation System Stabilization (Parts 1300--
1399)

Title 15--Commerce and Foreign Trade

Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Commerce (Parts
0--29)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Commerce and
Foreign Trade
I Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce (Parts
30--199)
II National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Department of Commerce (Parts 200--299)
III International Trade Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 300--399)
IV Foreign-Trade Zones Board, Department of Commerce
(Parts 400--499)
VII Bureau of Industry and Security, Department of
Commerce (Parts 700--799)
VIII Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce
(Parts 800--899)
IX National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Department of Commerce (Parts 900--999)
XI Technology Administration, Department of Commerce
(Parts 1100--1199)
XIII East-West Foreign Trade Board (Parts 1300--1399)
XIV Minority Business Development Agency (Parts 1400--
1499)
Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade
Agreements
XX Office of the United States Trade Representative
(Parts 2000--2099)
Subtitle D--Regulations Relating to Telecommunications
and Information
XXIII National Telecommunications and Information
Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts
2300--2399)

[[Page 1076]]

Title 16--Commercial Practices

I Federal Trade Commission (Parts 0--999)
II Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 1000--1799)

Title 17--Commodity and Securities Exchanges

I Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 1--199)
II Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 200--399)
IV Department of the Treasury (Parts 400--499)

Title 18--Conservation of Power and Water Resources

I Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of
Energy (Parts 1--399)
III Delaware River Basin Commission (Parts 400--499)
VI Water Resources Council (Parts 700--799)
VIII Susquehanna River Basin Commission (Parts 800--899)
XIII Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 1300--1399)

Title 19--Customs Duties

I U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of
Homeland Security; Department of the Treasury
(Parts 0--199)
II United States International Trade Commission (Parts
200--299)
III International Trade Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 300--399)
IV U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Department
of Homeland Security (Parts 400--599)

Title 20--Employees' Benefits

I Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department
of Labor (Parts 1--199)
II Railroad Retirement Board (Parts 200--399)
III Social Security Administration (Parts 400--499)
IV Employees' Compensation Appeals Board, Department of
Labor (Parts 500--599)
V Employment and Training Administration, Department of
Labor (Parts 600--699)
VI Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department
of Labor (Parts 700--799)
VII Benefits Review Board, Department of Labor (Parts
800--899)
VIII Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries (Parts
900--999)
IX Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans'
Employment and Training Service, Department of
Labor (Parts 1000--1099)

[[Page 1077]]

Title 21--Food and Drugs

I Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and
Human Services (Parts 1--1299)
II Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice
(Parts 1300--1399)
III Office of National Drug Control Policy (Parts 1400--
1499)

Title 22--Foreign Relations

I Department of State (Parts 1--199)
II Agency for International Development (Parts 200--299)
III Peace Corps (Parts 300--399)
IV International Joint Commission, United States and
Canada (Parts 400--499)
V Broadcasting Board of Governors (Parts 500--599)
VII Overseas Private Investment Corporation (Parts 700--
799)
IX Foreign Service Grievance Board (Parts 900--999)
X Inter-American Foundation (Parts 1000--1099)
XI International Boundary and Water Commission, United
States and Mexico, United States Section (Parts
1100--1199)
XII United States International Development Cooperation
Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
XIII Millennium Challenge Corporation (Parts 1300--1399)
XIV Foreign Service Labor Relations Board; Federal Labor
Relations Authority; General Counsel of the
Federal Labor Relations Authority; and the Foreign
Service Impasse Disputes Panel (Parts 1400--1499)
XV African Development Foundation (Parts 1500--1599)
XVI Japan-United States Friendship Commission (Parts
1600--1699)
XVII United States Institute of Peace (Parts 1700--1799)

Title 23--Highways

I Federal Highway Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 1--999)
II National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and
Federal Highway Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
III National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
Department of Transportation (Parts 1300--1399)

Title 24--Housing and Urban Development

Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of
Housing and Urban Development (Parts 0--99)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban
Development
I Office of Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity,
Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts
100--199)

[[Page 1078]]

II Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal
Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Parts 200--299)
III Government National Mortgage Association, Department
of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 300--399)
IV Office of Housing and Office of Multifamily Housing
Assistance Restructuring, Department of Housing
and Urban Development (Parts 400--499)
V Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning
and Development, Department of Housing and Urban
Development (Parts 500--599)
VI Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning
and Development, Department of Housing and Urban
Development (Parts 600--699) [Reserved]
VII Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Housing Assistance Programs and
Public and Indian Housing Programs) (Parts 700--
799)
VIII Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal
Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Section 8 Housing Assistance
Programs, Section 202 Direct Loan Program, Section
202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly Program and
Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons With
Disabilities Program) (Parts 800--899)
IX Office of Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian
Housing, Department of Housing and Urban
Development (Parts 900--1699)
X Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal
Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Interstate Land Sales
Registration Program) (Parts 1700--1799)
XII Office of Inspector General, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Parts 2000--2099)
XV Emergency Mortgage Insurance and Loan Programs,
Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts
2700--2799)
XX Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal
Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and
Urban Development (Parts 3200--3899)
XXIV Board of Directors of the HOPE for Homeowners Program
(Parts 4000--4099)
XXV Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (Parts 4100--
4199)

Title 25--Indians

I Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior
(Parts 1--299)
II Indian Arts and Crafts Board, Department of the
Interior (Parts 300--399)
III National Indian Gaming Commission, Department of the
Interior (Parts 500--599)
IV Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation (Parts
700--799)
V Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior,
and Indian Health Service, Department of Health
and Human Services (Part 900)

[[Page 1079]]

VI Office of the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs,
Department of the Interior (Parts 1000--1199)
VII Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians,
Department of the Interior (Parts 1200--1299)

Title 26--Internal Revenue

I Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury
(Parts 1--End)

Title 27--Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms

I Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department
of the Treasury (Parts 1--399)
II Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives,
Department of Justice (Parts 400--699)

Title 28--Judicial Administration

I Department of Justice (Parts 0--299)
III Federal Prison Industries, Inc., Department of Justice
(Parts 300--399)
V Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice (Parts 500--
599)
VI Offices of Independent Counsel, Department of Justice
(Parts 600--699)
VII Office of Independent Counsel (Parts 700--799)
VIII Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the
District of Columbia (Parts 800--899)
IX National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact Council
(Parts 900--999)
XI Department of Justice and Department of State (Parts
1100--1199)

Title 29--Labor

Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Labor (Parts
0--99)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Labor
I National Labor Relations Board (Parts 100--199)
II Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of
Labor (Parts 200--299)
III National Railroad Adjustment Board (Parts 300--399)
IV Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of
Labor (Parts 400--499)
V Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor (Parts
500--899)
IX Construction Industry Collective Bargaining Commission
(Parts 900--999)
X National Mediation Board (Parts 1200--1299)
XII Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (Parts
1400--1499)
XIV Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 1600--
1699)

[[Page 1080]]

XVII Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Department of Labor (Parts 1900--1999)
XX Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
(Parts 2200--2499)
XXV Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department
of Labor (Parts 2500--2599)
XXVII Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
(Parts 2700--2799)
XL Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (Parts 4000--
4999)

Title 30--Mineral Resources

I Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of
Labor (Parts 1--199)
II Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement,
Department of the Interior (Parts 200--299)
IV Geological Survey, Department of the Interior (Parts
400--499)
V Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Department of the
Interior (Parts 500--599)
VII Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,
Department of the Interior (Parts 700--999)
XII Office of Natural Resources Revenue, Department of the
Interior (Parts 1200--1299)

Title 31--Money and Finance: Treasury

Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Treasury
(Parts 0--50)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Money and Finance
I Monetary Offices, Department of the Treasury (Parts
51--199)
II Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts
200--399)
IV Secret Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts
400--499)
V Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 500--599)
VI Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 600--699)
VII Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of
the Treasury (Parts 700--799)
VIII Office of International Investment, Department of the
Treasury (Parts 800--899)
IX Federal Claims Collection Standards (Department of the
Treasury--Department of Justice) (Parts 900--999)
X Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, Department of
the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)

Title 32--National Defense

Subtitle A--Department of Defense
I Office of the Secretary of Defense (Parts 1--399)

[[Page 1081]]

V Department of the Army (Parts 400--699)
VI Department of the Navy (Parts 700--799)
VII Department of the Air Force (Parts 800--1099)
Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to National
Defense
XII Defense Logistics Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
XVI Selective Service System (Parts 1600--1699)
XVII Office of the Director of National Intelligence (Parts
1700--1799)
XVIII National Counterintelligence Center (Parts 1800--1899)
XIX Central Intelligence Agency (Parts 1900--1999)
XX Information Security Oversight Office, National
Archives and Records Administration (Parts 2000--
2099)
XXI National Security Council (Parts 2100--2199)
XXIV Office of Science and Technology Policy (Parts 2400--
2499)
XXVII Office for Micronesian Status Negotiations (Parts
2700--2799)
XXVIII Office of the Vice President of the United States
(Parts 2800--2899)

Title 33--Navigation and Navigable Waters

I Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts
1--199)
II Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts
200--399)
IV Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation,
Department of Transportation (Parts 400--499)

Title 34--Education

Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of
Education (Parts 1--99)
Subtitle B--Regulations of the Offices of the
Department of Education
I Office for Civil Rights, Department of Education
(Parts 100--199)
II Office of Elementary and Secondary Education,
Department of Education (Parts 200--299)
III Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative
Services, Department of Education (Parts 300--399)
IV Office of Vocational and Adult Education, Department
of Education (Parts 400--499)
V Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages
Affairs, Department of Education (Parts 500--599)
VI Office of Postsecondary Education, Department of
Education (Parts 600--699)
VII Office of Educational Research and Improvement,
Department of Education [Reserved]
Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Education
XI National Institute for Literacy (Parts 1100--1199)
XII National Council on Disability (Parts 1200--1299)

[[Page 1082]]

Title 35 [Reserved]

Title 36--Parks, Forests, and Public Property

I National Park Service, Department of the Interior
(Parts 1--199)
II Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--
299)
III Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts
300--399)
IV American Battle Monuments Commission (Parts 400--499)
V Smithsonian Institution (Parts 500--599)
VI [Reserved]
VII Library of Congress (Parts 700--799)
VIII Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (Parts 800--
899)
IX Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation (Parts
900--999)
X Presidio Trust (Parts 1000--1099)
XI Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance
Board (Parts 1100--1199)
XII National Archives and Records Administration (Parts
1200--1299)
XV Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust (Parts 1500--
1599)
XVI Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National
Environmental Policy Foundation (Parts 1600--1699)

Title 37--Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights

I United States Patent and Trademark Office, Department
of Commerce (Parts 1--199)
II Copyright Office, Library of Congress (Parts 200--299)
III Copyright Royalty Board, Library of Congress (Parts
300--399)
IV Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy, Department
of Commerce (Parts 400--499)
V Under Secretary for Technology, Department of Commerce
(Parts 500--599)

Title 38--Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief

I Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 0--199)
II Armed Forces Retirement Home (Parts 200--299)

Title 39--Postal Service

I United States Postal Service (Parts 1--999)
III Postal Regulatory Commission (Parts 3000--3099)

Title 40--Protection of Environment

I Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1--1099)
IV Environmental Protection Agency and Department of
Justice (Parts 1400--1499)
V Council on Environmental Quality (Parts 1500--1599)

[[Page 1083]]

VI Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (Parts
1600--1699)
VII Environmental Protection Agency and Department of
Defense; Uniform National Discharge Standards for
Vessels of the Armed Forces (Parts 1700--1799)

Title 41--Public Contracts and Property Management

Subtitle A--Federal Procurement Regulations System
[Note]
Subtitle B--Other Provisions Relating to Public
Contracts
50 Public Contracts, Department of Labor (Parts 50-1--50-
999)
51 Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or
Severely Disabled (Parts 51-1--51-99)
60 Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal
Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Parts
60-1--60-999)
61 Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans'
Employment and Training Service, Department of
Labor (Parts 61-1--61-999)
62-100 [Reserved]
Subtitle C--Federal Property Management Regulations
System
101 Federal Property Management Regulations (Parts 101-1--
101-99)
102 Federal Management Regulation (Parts 102-1--102-299)
103-104 [Reserved]
105 General Services Administration (Parts 105-1--105-999)
109 Department of Energy Property Management Regulations
(Parts 109-1--109-99)
114 Department of the Interior (Parts 114-1--114-99)
115 Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 115-1--115-99)
128 Department of Justice (Parts 128-1--128-99)
129-200 [Reserved]
Subtitle D--Other Provisions Relating to Property
Management [Reserved]
Subtitle E--Federal Information Resources Management
Regulations System [Reserved]
Subtitle F--Federal Travel Regulation System
300 General (Parts 300-1--300-99)
301 Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances (Parts 301-1--
301-99)
302 Relocation Allowances (Parts 302-1--302-99)
303 Payment of Expenses Connected with the Death of
Certain Employees (Part 303-1--303-99)
304 Payment of Travel Expenses from a Non-Federal Source
(Parts 304-1--304-99)

Title 42--Public Health

I Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human
Services (Parts 1--199)

[[Page 1084]]

IV Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Department
of Health and Human Services (Parts 400--599)
V Office of Inspector General-Health Care, Department of
Health and Human Services (Parts 1000--1999)

Title 43--Public Lands: Interior

Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Interior
(Parts 1--199)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Lands
I Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior
(Parts 400--999)
II Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior
(Parts 1000--9999)
III Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation
Commission (Parts 10000--10099)

Title 44--Emergency Management and Assistance

I Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of
Homeland Security (Parts 0--399)
IV Department of Commerce and Department of
Transportation (Parts 400--499)

Title 45--Public Welfare

Subtitle A--Department of Health and Human Services
(Parts 1--199)
Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Welfare
II Office of Family Assistance (Assistance Programs),
Administration for Children and Families,
Department of Health and Human Services (Parts
200--299)
III Office of Child Support Enforcement (Child Support
Enforcement Program), Administration for Children
and Families, Department of Health and Human
Services (Parts 300--399)
IV Office of Refugee Resettlement, Administration for
Children and Families, Department of Health and
Human Services (Parts 400--499)
V Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United
States, Department of Justice (Parts 500--599)
VI National Science Foundation (Parts 600--699)
VII Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 700--799)
VIII Office of Personnel Management (Parts 800--899)
[Reserved]
X Office of Community Services, Administration for
Children and Families, Department of Health and
Human Services (Parts 1000--1099)
XI National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities
(Parts 1100--1199)
XII Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts
1200--1299)

[[Page 1085]]

XIII Office of Human Development Services, Department of
Health and Human Services (Parts 1300--1399)
XVI Legal Services Corporation (Parts 1600--1699)
XVII National Commission on Libraries and Information
Science (Parts 1700--1799)
XVIII Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation (Parts 1800--
1899)
XXI Commission on Fine Arts (Parts 2100--2199)
XXIII Arctic Research Commission (Part 2301)
XXIV James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation (Parts
2400--2499)
XXV Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts
2500--2599)

Title 46--Shipping

I Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts
1--199)
II Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation
(Parts 200--399)
III Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage), Department of
Homeland Security (Parts 400--499)
IV Federal Maritime Commission (Parts 500--599)

Title 47--Telecommunication

I Federal Communications Commission (Parts 0--199)
II Office of Science and Technology Policy and National
Security Council (Parts 200--299)
III National Telecommunications and Information
Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts
300--399)
IV National Telecommunications and Information
Administration, Department of Commerce, and
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
Department of Transportation (Parts 400--499)

Title 48--Federal Acquisition Regulations System

1 Federal Acquisition Regulation (Parts 1--99)
2 Defense Acquisition Regulations System, Department of
Defense (Parts 200--299)
3 Health and Human Services (Parts 300--399)
4 Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
5 General Services Administration (Parts 500--599)
6 Department of State (Parts 600--699)
7 Agency for International Development (Parts 700--799)
8 Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
9 Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
10 Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)
12 Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)

[[Page 1086]]

13 Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
14 Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
15 Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
16 Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees
Health Benefits Acquisition Regulation (Parts
1600--1699)
17 Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1700--1799)
18 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts
1800--1899)
19 Broadcasting Board of Governors (Parts 1900--1999)
20 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 2000--2099)
21 Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees
Group Life Insurance Federal Acquisition
Regulation (Parts 2100--2199)
23 Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
24 Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts
2400--2499)
25 National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
28 Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)
29 Department of Labor (Parts 2900--2999)
30 Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Security
Acquisition Regulation (HSAR) (Parts 3000--3099)
34 Department of Education Acquisition Regulation (Parts
3400--3499)
51 Department of the Army Acquisition Regulations (Parts
5100--5199)
52 Department of the Navy Acquisition Regulations (Parts
5200--5299)
53 Department of the Air Force Federal Acquisition
Regulation Supplement [Reserved]
54 Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense (Parts
5400--5499)
57 African Development Foundation (Parts 5700--5799)
61 Civilian Board of Contract Appeals, General Services
Administration (Parts 6100--6199)
63 Department of Transportation Board of Contract Appeals
(Parts 6300--6399)
99 Cost Accounting Standards Board, Office of Federal
Procurement Policy, Office of Management and
Budget (Parts 9900--9999)

Title 49--Transportation

Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Transportation
(Parts 1--99)
Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to
Transportation
I Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
Administration, Department of Transportation
(Parts 100--199)
II Federal Railroad Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 200--299)

[[Page 1087]]

III Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration,
Department of Transportation (Parts 300--399)
IV Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (Parts
400--499)
V National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
Department of Transportation (Parts 500--599)
VI Federal Transit Administration, Department of
Transportation (Parts 600--699)
VII National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK)
(Parts 700--799)
VIII National Transportation Safety Board (Parts 800--999)
X Surface Transportation Board, Department of
Transportation (Parts 1000--1399)
XI Research and Innovative Technology Administration,
Department of Transportation [Reserved]
XII Transportation Security Administration, Department of
Homeland Security (Parts 1500--1699)

Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries

I United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of
the Interior (Parts 1--199)
II National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 200--299)
III International Fishing and Related Activities (Parts
300--399)
IV Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife
Service, Department of the Interior and National
Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Department of
Commerce); Endangered Species Committee
Regulations (Parts 400--499)
V Marine Mammal Commission (Parts 500--599)
VI Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Department of
Commerce (Parts 600--699)

CFR Index and Finding Aids

Subject/Agency Index
List of Agency Prepared Indexes
Parallel Tables of Statutory Authorities and Rules
List of CFR Titles, Chapters, Subchapters, and Parts
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR

[[Page 1089]]

Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR

(Revised as of July 1, 2012)

CFR Title, Subtitle or
Agency Chapter

Administrative Committee of the Federal Register 1, I
Administrative Conference of the United States 1, III
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 36, VIII
Advocacy and Outreach, Office of 7, XXV
African Development Foundation 22, XV
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 57
Agency for International Development 2, VII; 22, II
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 7
Agricultural Marketing Service 7, I, IX, X, XI
Agricultural Research Service 7, V
Agriculture Department 2, IV; 5, LXXIII
Advocacy and Outreach, Office of 7, XXV
Agricultural Marketing Service 7, I, IX, X, XI
Agricultural Research Service 7, V
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 7, III; 9, I
Chief Financial Officer, Office of 7, XXX
Commodity Credit Corporation 7, XIV
Economic Research Service 7, XXXVII
Energy Policy and New Uses, Office of 2, IX; 7, XXIX
Environmental Quality, Office of 7, XXXI
Farm Service Agency 7, VII, XVIII
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 4
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation 7, IV
Food and Nutrition Service 7, II
Food Safety and Inspection Service 9, III
Foreign Agricultural Service 7, XV
Forest Service 36, II
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 7, VIII; 9, II
Administration
Information Resources Management, Office of 7, XXVII
Inspector General, Office of 7, XXVI
National Agricultural Library 7, XLI
National Agricultural Statistics Service 7, XXXVI
National Institute of Food and Agriculture 7, XXXIV
Natural Resources Conservation Service 7, VI
Operations, Office of 7, XXVIII
Procurement and Property Management, Office of 7, XXXII
Rural Business-Cooperative Service 7, XVIII, XLII, L
Rural Development Administration 7, XLII
Rural Housing Service 7, XVIII, XXXV, L
Rural Telephone Bank 7, XVI
Rural Utilities Service 7, XVII, XVIII, XLII, L
Secretary of Agriculture, Office of 7, Subtitle A
Transportation, Office of 7, XXXIII
World Agricultural Outlook Board 7, XXXVIII
Air Force Department 32, VII
Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement 48, 53
Air Transportation Stabilization Board 14, VI
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau 27, I
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 27, II
Bureau of
AMTRAK 49, VII
American Battle Monuments Commission 36, IV
American Indians, Office of the Special Trustee 25, VII
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 7, III; 9, I

[[Page 1090]]

Appalachian Regional Commission 5, IX
Architectural and Transportation Barriers 36, XI
Compliance Board
Arctic Research Commission 45, XXIII
Armed Forces Retirement Home 5, XI
Army Department 32, V
Engineers, Corps of 33, II; 36, III
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 51
Bilingual Education and Minority Languages 34, V
Affairs, Office of
Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for 41, 51
Purchase from People Who Are
Broadcasting Board of Governors 22, V
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 19
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, 30, II
and Enforcement
Census Bureau 15, I
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 42, IV
Central Intelligence Agency 32, XIX
Chemical Safety and Hazardous Investigation 40, VI
Board
Chief Financial Officer, Office of 7, XXX
Child Support Enforcement, Office of 45, III
Children and Families, Administration for 45, II, III, IV, X
Civil Rights, Commission on 5, LXVIII; 45, VII
Civil Rights, Office for 34, I
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency 5, LXX
for the District of Columbia
Coast Guard 33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage) 46, III
Commerce Department 2, XIII; 44, IV; 50, VI
Census Bureau 15, I
Economic Affairs, Under Secretary 37, V
Economic Analysis, Bureau of 15, VIII
Economic Development Administration 13, III
Emergency Management and Assistance 44, IV
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 13
Foreign-Trade Zones Board 15, IV
Industry and Security, Bureau of 15, VII
International Trade Administration 15, III; 19, III
National Institute of Standards and Technology 15, II
National Marine Fisheries Service 50, II, IV
National Oceanic and Atmospheric 15, IX; 50, II, III, IV,
Administration VI
National Telecommunications and Information 15, XXIII; 47, III, IV
Administration
National Weather Service 15, IX
Patent and Trademark Office, United States 37, I
Productivity, Technology and Innovation, 37, IV
Assistant Secretary for
Secretary of Commerce, Office of 15, Subtitle A
Technology, Under Secretary for 37, V
Technology Administration 15, XI
Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for 37, IV
Commercial Space Transportation 14, III
Commodity Credit Corporation 7, XIV
Commodity Futures Trading Commission 5, XLI; 17, I
Community Planning and Development, Office of 24, V, VI
Assistant Secretary for
Community Services, Office of 45, X
Comptroller of the Currency 12, I
Construction Industry Collective Bargaining 29, IX
Commission
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 12, X
Consumer Product Safety Commission 5, LXXI; 16, II
Copyright Office 37, II
Copyright Royalty Board 37, III
Corporation for National and Community Service 2, XXII; 45, XII, XXV
Cost Accounting Standards Board 48, 99
Council on Environmental Quality 40, V
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency 5, LXX; 28, VIII
for the District of Columbia
[[Page 1091]]

Customs and Border Protection 19, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency 32, I
Defense Department 2, XI; 5, XXVI; 32,
Subtitle A; 40, VII
Advanced Research Projects Agency 32, I
Air Force Department 32, VII
Army Department 32, V; 33, II; 36, III,
48, 51
Defense Acquisition Regulations System 48, 2
Defense Intelligence Agency 32, I
Defense Logistics Agency 32, I, XII; 48, 54
Engineers, Corps of 33, II; 36, III
National Imagery and Mapping Agency 32, I
Navy Department 32, VI; 48, 52
Secretary of Defense, Office of 2, XI; 32, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency 32, I
Defense Intelligence Agency 32, I
Defense Logistics Agency 32, XII; 48, 54
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board 10, XVII
Delaware River Basin Commission 18, III
District of Columbia, Court Services and 5, LXX; 28, VIII
Offender Supervision Agency for the
Drug Enforcement Administration 21, II
East-West Foreign Trade Board 15, XIII
Economic Affairs, Under Secretary 37, V
Economic Analysis, Bureau of 15, VIII
Economic Development Administration 13, III
Economic Research Service 7, XXXVII
Education, Department of 2, XXXIV; 5, LIII
Bilingual Education and Minority Languages 34, V
Affairs, Office of
Civil Rights, Office for 34, I
Educational Research and Improvement, Office 34, VII
of
Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of 34, II
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 34
Postsecondary Education, Office of 34, VI
Secretary of Education, Office of 34, Subtitle A
Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, 34, III
Office of
Vocational and Adult Education, Office of 34, IV
Educational Research and Improvement, Office of 34, VII
Election Assistance Commission 2, LVIII; 11, II
Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of 34, II
Emergency Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loan Board 13, V
Emergency Steel Guarantee Loan Board 13, IV
Employee Benefits Security Administration 29, XXV
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board 20, IV
Employees Loyalty Board 5, V
Employment and Training Administration 20, V
Employment Standards Administration 20, VI
Endangered Species Committee 50, IV
Energy, Department of 2, IX; 5, XXIII; 10, II,
III, X
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 9
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 5, XXIV; 18, I
Property Management Regulations 41, 109
Energy, Office of 7, XXIX
Engineers, Corps of 33, II; 36, III
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of 31, VI
Environmental Protection Agency 2, XV; 5, LIV; 40, I, IV,
VII
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 15
Property Management Regulations 41, 115
Environmental Quality, Office of 7, XXXI
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 5, LXII; 29, XIV
Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant Secretary 24, I
for
Executive Office of the President 3, I
Administration, Office of 5, XV

[[Page 1092]]

Environmental Quality, Council on 40, V
Management and Budget, Office of 2, Subtitle A; 5, III,
LXXVII; 14, VI; 48, 99
National Drug Control Policy, Office of 21, III
National Security Council 32, XXI; 47, 2
Presidential Documents 3
Science and Technology Policy, Office of 32, XXIV; 47, II
Trade Representative, Office of the United 15, XX
States
Export-Import Bank of the United States 2, XXXV; 5, LII; 12, IV
Family Assistance, Office of 45, II
Farm Credit Administration 5, XXXI; 12, VI
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation 5, XXX; 12, XIV
Farm Service Agency 7, VII, XVIII
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 1
Federal Aviation Administration 14, I
Commercial Space Transportation 14, III
Federal Claims Collection Standards 31, IX
Federal Communications Commission 5, XXIX; 47, I
Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of 41, 60
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation 7, IV
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 5, XXII; 12, III
Federal Election Commission 5, XXXVII; 11, I
Federal Emergency Management Agency 44, I
Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal 48, 21
Acquisition Regulation
Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition 48, 16
Regulation
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 5, XXIV; 18, I
Federal Financial Institutions Examination 12, XI
Council
Federal Financing Bank 12, VIII
Federal Highway Administration 23, I, II
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 1, IV
Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight Office 12, XVII
Federal Housing Finance Agency 5, LXXX; 12, XII
Federal Housing Finance Board 12, IX
Federal Labor Relations Authority 5, XIV, XLIX; 22, XIV
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 31, VII
Federal Management Regulation 41, 102
Federal Maritime Commission 46, IV
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service 29, XII
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 5, LXXIV; 29, XXVII
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 49, III
Federal Prison Industries, Inc. 28, III
Federal Procurement Policy Office 48, 99
Federal Property Management Regulations 41, 101
Federal Railroad Administration 49, II
Federal Register, Administrative Committee of 1, I
Federal Register, Office of 1, II
Federal Reserve System 12, II
Board of Governors 5, LVIII
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board 5, VI, LXXVI
Federal Service Impasses Panel 5, XIV
Federal Trade Commission 5, XLVII; 16, I
Federal Transit Administration 49, VI
Federal Travel Regulation System 41, Subtitle F
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network 31, X
Financial Research Office 12, XVI
Financial Stability Oversight Council 12, XIII
Fine Arts, Commission on 45, XXI
Fiscal Service 31, II
Fish and Wildlife Service, United States 50, I, IV
Food and Drug Administration 21, I
Food and Nutrition Service 7, II
Food Safety and Inspection Service 9, III
Foreign Agricultural Service 7, XV
Foreign Assets Control, Office of 31, V
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the 45, V
United States
Foreign Service Grievance Board 22, IX

[[Page 1093]]

Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel 22, XIV
Foreign Service Labor Relations Board 22, XIV
Foreign-Trade Zones Board 15, IV
Forest Service 36, II
General Services Administration 5, LVII; 41, 105
Contract Appeals, Board of 48, 61
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 5
Federal Management Regulation 41, 102
Federal Property Management Regulations 41, 101
Federal Travel Regulation System 41, Subtitle F
General 41, 300
Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel 41, 304
Expenses
Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death 41, 303
of Certain Employees
Relocation Allowances 41, 302
Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel Allowances 41, 301
Geological Survey 30, IV
Government Accountability Office 4, I
Government Ethics, Office of 5, XVI
Government National Mortgage Association 24, III
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 7, VIII; 9, II
Administration
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation 45, XVIII
Health and Human Services, Department of 2, III; 5, XLV; 45,
Subtitle A,
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 42, IV
Child Support Enforcement, Office of 45, III
Children and Families, Administration for 45, II, III, IV, X
Community Services, Office of 45, X
Family Assistance, Office of 45, II
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 3
Food and Drug Administration 21, I
Human Development Services, Office of 45, XIII
Indian Health Service 25, V
Inspector General (Health Care), Office of 42, V
Public Health Service 42, I
Refugee Resettlement, Office of 45, IV
Homeland Security, Department of 2, XXX; 6, I; 8, I
Coast Guard 33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
Coast Guard (Great Lakes Pilotage) 46, III
Customs and Border Protection 19, I
Federal Emergency Management Agency 44, I
Human Resources Management and Labor Relations 5, XCVII
Systems
Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau 19, IV
Transportation Security Administration 49, XII
HOPE for Homeowners Program, Board of Directors 24, XXIV
of
Housing and Urban Development, Department of 2, XXIV; 5, LXV; 24,
Subtitle B
Community Planning and Development, Office of 24, V, VI
Assistant Secretary for
Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant 24, I
Secretary for
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 24
Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office 12, XVII
of
Government National Mortgage Association 24, III
Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office 24, II, VIII, X, XX
of Assistant Secretary for
Housing, Office of, and Multifamily Housing 24, IV
Assistance Restructuring, Office of
Inspector General, Office of 24, XII
Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant 24, IX
Secretary for
Secretary, Office of 24, Subtitle A, VII
Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office of 24, II, VIII, X, XX
Assistant Secretary for
Housing, Office of, and Multifamily Housing 24, IV
Assistance Restructuring, Office of
Human Development Services, Office of 45, XIII
Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau 19, IV

[[Page 1094]]

Immigration Review, Executive Office for 8, V
Independent Counsel, Office of 28, VII
Indian Affairs, Bureau of 25, I, V
Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant 25, VI
Secretary
Indian Arts and Crafts Board 25, II
Indian Health Service 25, V
Industry and Security, Bureau of 15, VII
Information Resources Management, Office of 7, XXVII
Information Security Oversight Office, National 32, XX
Archives and Records Administration
Inspector General
Agriculture Department 7, XXVI
Health and Human Services Department 42, V
Housing and Urban Development Department 24, XII, XV
Institute of Peace, United States 22, XVII
Inter-American Foundation 5, LXIII; 22, X
Interior Department 2, XIV
American Indians, Office of the Special 25, VII
Trustee
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, 30, II
and Enforcement
Endangered Species Committee 50, IV
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 14
Federal Property Management Regulations System 41, 114
Fish and Wildlife Service, United States 50, I, IV
Geological Survey 30, IV
Indian Affairs, Bureau of 25, I, V
Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant 25, VI
Secretary
Indian Arts and Crafts Board 25, II
Land Management, Bureau of 43, II
National Indian Gaming Commission 25, III
National Park Service 36, I
Natural Resource Revenue, Office of 30, XII
Ocean Energy Management, Bureau of 30, V
Reclamation, Bureau of 43, I
Secretary of the Interior, Office of 2, XIV; 43, Subtitle A
Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 30, VII
Office of
Internal Revenue Service 26, I
International Boundary and Water Commission, 22, XI
United States and Mexico, United States
Section
International Development, United States Agency 22, II
for
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 7
International Development Cooperation Agency, 22, XII
United States
International Joint Commission, United States 22, IV
and Canada
International Organizations Employees Loyalty 5, V
Board
International Trade Administration 15, III; 19, III
International Trade Commission, United States 19, II
Interstate Commerce Commission 5, XL
Investment Security, Office of 31, VIII
Iraq Reconstruction, Special Inspector General 5, LXXXVII
for
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation 45, XXIV
Japan-United States Friendship Commission 22, XVI
Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries 20, VIII
Justice Department 2, XXVIII; 5, XXVIII; 28,
I, XI; 40, IV
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 27, II
Bureau of
Drug Enforcement Administration 21, II
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 28
Federal Claims Collection Standards 31, IX
Federal Prison Industries, Inc. 28, III
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the 45, V
United States
Immigration Review, Executive Office for 8, V
Offices of Independent Counsel 28, VI
Prisons, Bureau of 28, V
Property Management Regulations 41, 128
Labor Department 5, XLII

[[Page 1095]]

Employee Benefits Security Administration 29, XXV
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board 20, IV
Employment and Training Administration 20, V
Employment Standards Administration 20, VI
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 29
Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office 41, 60
of
Federal Procurement Regulations System 41, 50
Labor-Management Standards, Office of 29, II, IV
Mine Safety and Health Administration 30, I
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29, XVII
Office of Workers' Compensation Programs 20, VII
Public Contracts 41, 50
Secretary of Labor, Office of 29, Subtitle A
Veterans' Employment and Training Service, 41, 61; 20, IX
Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Wage and Hour Division 29, V
Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of 20, I
Labor-Management Standards, Office of 29, II, IV
Land Management, Bureau of 43, II
Legal Services Corporation 45, XVI
Library of Congress 36, VII
Copyright Office 37, II
Copyright Royalty Board 37, III
Local Television Loan Guarantee Board 7, XX
Management and Budget, Office of 5, III, LXXVII; 14, VI;
48, 99
Marine Mammal Commission 50, V
Maritime Administration 46, II
Merit Systems Protection Board 5, II, LXIV
Micronesian Status Negotiations, Office for 32, XXVII
Millennium Challenge Corporation 22, XIII
Mine Safety and Health Administration 30, I
Minority Business Development Agency 15, XIV
Miscellaneous Agencies 1, IV
Monetary Offices 31, I
Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in 36, XVI
National Environmental Policy Foundation
Museum and Library Services, Institute of 2, XXXI
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2, XVIII; 5, LIX; 14, V
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 18
National Agricultural Library 7, XLI
National Agricultural Statistics Service 7, XXXVI
National and Community Service, Corporation for 2, XXII; 45, XII, XXV
National Archives and Records Administration 2, XXVI; 5, LXVI; 36, XII
Information Security Oversight Office 32, XX
National Capital Planning Commission 1, IV
National Commission for Employment Policy 1, IV
National Commission on Libraries and Information 45, XVII
Science
National Council on Disability 34, XII
National Counterintelligence Center 32, XVIII
National Credit Union Administration 12, VII
National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact 28, IX
Council
National Drug Control Policy, Office of 21, III
National Endowment for the Arts 2, XXXII
National Endowment for the Humanities 2, XXXIII
National Foundation on the Arts and the 45, XI
Humanities
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 23, II, III; 47, VI; 49, V
National Imagery and Mapping Agency 32, I
National Indian Gaming Commission 25, III
National Institute for Literacy 34, XI
National Institute of Food and Agriculture 7, XXXIV
National Institute of Standards and Technology 15, II
National Intelligence, Office of Director of 32, XVII
National Labor Relations Board 5, LXI; 29, I
National Marine Fisheries Service 50, II, IV
National Mediation Board 29, X

[[Page 1096]]

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15, IX; 50, II, III, IV,
VI
National Park Service 36, I
National Railroad Adjustment Board 29, III
National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) 49, VII
National Science Foundation 2, XXV; 5, XLIII; 45, VI
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 25
National Security Council 32, XXI
National Security Council and Office of Science 47, II
and Technology Policy
National Telecommunications and Information 15, XXIII; 47, III, IV
Administration
National Transportation Safety Board 49, VIII
Natural Resources Conservation Service 7, VI
Natural Resource Revenue, Office of 30, XII
Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, Office of 25, IV
Navy Department 32, VI
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 52
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation 24, XXV
Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste 10, XVIII
Commission
Nuclear Regulatory Commission 2, XX; 5, XLVIII; 10, I
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 20
Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29, XVII
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 29, XX
Ocean Energy Management, Bureau of 30, V
Offices of Independent Counsel 28, VI
Office of Workers' Compensation Programs 20, VII
Oklahoma City National Memorial Trust 36, XV
Operations Office 7, XXVIII
Overseas Private Investment Corporation 5, XXXIII; 22, VII
Patent and Trademark Office, United States 37, I
Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel 41, 304
Expenses
Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death of 41, 303
Certain Employees
Peace Corps 2, XXXVII; 22, III
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation 36, IX
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation 29, XL
Personnel Management, Office of 5, I, XXXV; 45, VIII
Human Resources Management and Labor Relations 5, XCVII
Systems, Department of Homeland Security
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 17
Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal 48, 21
Acquisition Regulation
Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition 48, 16
Regulation
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 49, I
Administration
Postal Regulatory Commission 5, XLVI; 39, III
Postal Service, United States 5, LX; 39, I
Postsecondary Education, Office of 34, VI
President's Commission on White House 1, IV
Fellowships
Presidential Documents 3
Presidio Trust 36, X
Prisons, Bureau of 28, V
Procurement and Property Management, Office of 7, XXXII
Productivity, Technology and Innovation, 37, IV
Assistant Secretary
Public Contracts, Department of Labor 41, 50
Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant 24, IX
Secretary for
Public Health Service 42, I
Railroad Retirement Board 20, II
Reclamation, Bureau of 43, I
Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board 4, II
Refugee Resettlement, Office of 45, IV
Relocation Allowances 41, 302
Research and Innovative Technology 49, XI
Administration
Rural Business-Cooperative Service 7, XVIII, XLII, L
Rural Development Administration 7, XLII
Rural Housing Service 7, XVIII, XXXV, L

[[Page 1097]]

Rural Telephone Bank 7, XVI
Rural Utilities Service 7, XVII, XVIII, XLII, L
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation 33, IV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of 32, XXIV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of, and 47, II
National Security Council
Secret Service 31, IV
Securities and Exchange Commission 5, XXXIV; 17, II
Selective Service System 32, XVI
Small Business Administration 2, XXVII; 13, I
Smithsonian Institution 36, V
Social Security Administration 2, XXIII; 20, III; 48, 23
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, United States 5, XI
Special Counsel, Office of 5, VIII
Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, 34, III
Office of
State Department 2, VI; 22, I; 28, XI
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 6
Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 30, VII
Office of
Surface Transportation Board 49, X
Susquehanna River Basin Commission 18, VIII
Technology Administration 15, XI
Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for 37, IV
Technology, Under Secretary for 37, V
Tennessee Valley Authority 5, LXIX; 18, XIII
Thrift Supervision Office, Department of the 12, V
Treasury
Trade Representative, United States, Office of 15, XX
Transportation, Department of 2, XII; 5, L
Commercial Space Transportation 14, III
Contract Appeals, Board of 48, 63
Emergency Management and Assistance 44, IV
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 12
Federal Aviation Administration 14, I
Federal Highway Administration 23, I, II
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 49, III
Federal Railroad Administration 49, II
Federal Transit Administration 49, VI
Maritime Administration 46, II
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 23, II, III; 47, IV; 49, V
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 49, I
Administration
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation 33, IV
Secretary of Transportation, Office of 14, II; 49, Subtitle A
Surface Transportation Board 49, X
Transportation Statistics Bureau 49, XI
Transportation, Office of 7, XXXIII
Transportation Security Administration 49, XII
Transportation Statistics Bureau 49, XI
Travel Allowances, Temporary Duty (TDY) 41, 301
Treasury Department 5, XXI; 12, XV; 17, IV;
31, IX
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau 27, I
Community Development Financial Institutions 12, XVIII
Fund
Comptroller of the Currency 12, I
Customs and Border Protection 19, I
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of 31, VI
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 10
Federal Claims Collection Standards 31, IX
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 31, VII
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network 31, X
Fiscal Service 31, II
Foreign Assets Control, Office of 31, V
Internal Revenue Service 26, I
Investment Security, Office of 31, VIII
Monetary Offices 31, I
Secret Service 31, IV
Secretary of the Treasury, Office of 31, Subtitle A
Thrift Supervision, Office of 12, V
Truman, Harry S. Scholarship Foundation 45, XVIII

[[Page 1098]]

United States and Canada, International Joint 22, IV
Commission
United States and Mexico, International Boundary 22, XI
and Water Commission, United States Section
Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation 43, III
Commission
Veterans Affairs Department 2, VIII; 38, I
Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 8
Veterans' Employment and Training Service, 41, 61; 20, IX
Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Vice President of the United States, Office of 32, XXVIII
Vocational and Adult Education, Office of 34, IV
Wage and Hour Division 29, V
Water Resources Council 18, VI
Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of 20, I
World Agricultural Outlook Board 7, XXXVIII

[[Page 1099]]

List of CFR Sections Affected

All changes in this volume of the Code of Federal Regulations that were
made by documents published in the Federal Register since January 1,
2001, are enumerated in the following list. Entries indicate the nature
of the changes effected. Page numbers refer to Federal Register pages.
The user should consult the entries for chapters and parts as well as
sections for revisions.
Title 40 was established at 36 FR 12213, June 29, 1971. For the period
before January 1, 2001, see the ``List of CFR Sections Affected, 1964-
1972, 1973-1985, and 1986-2000'', published in ten separate volumes.

2001

40 CFR
66 FR
Page
Chapter VI
1602 Added.........................................................17080
1610 Added..........................................................1050
1610.2 Added.......................................................17363
1610.3 Added.......................................................17363
1611 Added.........................................................17366
1611.2 Amended.....................................................23854
1611.6 Existing text designated as (a); (b) added..................23854
1612 Added.........................................................17366

2002

40 CFR
67 FR
Page
Chapter I
1048--1068 (Subchapter U) Added....................................68347
1065.210 Corrected.................................................72724
Chapter V
1518 Added.........................................................62189
Chapter VI
1603 Added.........................................................35445

2003

40 CFR
68 FR
Page
Chapter VI
1600 Added.........................................................65403
1610 Authority citation revised.....................................4393
1610.4 Added........................................................4393

2004

40 CFR
69 FR
Page
Chapter I
1039 Added; eff. 8-30-04...........................................39213
1048.125 (a) introductory text and (d) revised; eff. 8-30-04.......39259
1048.801 Amended; eff. 8-30-04.....................................39259
1051.1 (g) and (h) added............................................2442
1051.125 (a) introductory text and (d) revised; eff. 8-30-04.......39259
1051.245 (c)(1)(i) and (e)(2) revised...............................2442
1051.501 (d)(2) and (3) revised.....................................2442
1051.515 (a) introductory text, (b) introductory text, (8), (c)
and (d) revised; (e) and Figure 1051.515-1 added............2442
1051.640 Added......................................................2445
1051.801 Amended; eff. 8-30-04.....................................39259
1065.1 (a) revised; (b)(6) removed; eff. 8-30-04...................39260
1065.10 (c)(3) revised; eff. 8-30-04...............................39260
1065.115 Added; eff. 8-30-04.......................................39260
1065.205 Added; eff. 8-30-04.......................................39260
1065.310 Added; eff. 8-30-04.......................................39261
1065.405 (b) revised; eff. 8-30-04.................................39261
1065.530 (b)(3)(iii) revised; (d) and (e) added; eff. 8-30-04......39261
1065.615 (c), (d) and (e) revised; eff. 8-30-04....................39262
1065.620 Added; eff. 8-30-04.......................................39262
1065.701 Added; eff. 8-30-04.......................................39262
1065.910 Revised; eff. 8-30-04.....................................39262
1065.1001 Amended; eff. 8-30-04....................................39263
1065.1010 Table 1 amended; eff. 8-30-04............................39263

[[Page 1100]]

1068.1 (a), (b)(5) and (d) revised; (e) added; eff. 8-30-04........39263
1068.5 (a) and (e) revised; eff. 8-30-04...........................39263
1068.10 Heading revised; eff. 8-30-04..............................39264
1068.25 (b) revised; eff. 8-30-04..................................39264
1068.27 Added; eff. 8-30-04........................................39264
1068.30 Amended; eff. 8-30-04......................................39264
1068.101 (a) and (b) revised; eff. 8-30-04.........................39265
1068.105 Introductory text added; (c) revised; eff. 8-30-04........39265
1068.110 (b) through (e) revised; eff. 8-30-04.....................39266
1068.120 (b)(2), (c), (d), (f) and (h) revised; eff. 8-30-04.......39266
1068.125 (a)(1)(iv), (b)(3) and (e)(2) revised; eff. 8-30-04.......39266
1068.201 Introductory text and (i) revised; eff. 8-30-04...........39266
1068.210 (d)(5)(iv) and (e)(3)(iv) revised; eff. 8-30-04...........39267
1068.215 (b), (c)(3)(iii) and (iv) revised; eff. 8-30-04...........39267
1068.220 (b) and (e)(3) revised; eff. 8-30-04......................39267
1068.225 (d) added; eff. 8-30-04...................................39267
1068.230 (c) revised; eff. 8-30-04.................................39267
1068.235 (c) revised; eff. 8-30-04.................................39267
1068.240 Revised; eff. 8-30-04.....................................39267
1068.245 (a) introductory text and (e) revised; eff. 8-30-04.......39268
1068.250 (d)(2), (4) and (j) revised; eff. 8-30-04.................39268
1068.255 (c) introductory text revised; eff. 8-30-04...............39268
1068.260 Added; eff. 8-30-04.......................................39268
1068.305 (a) and (e) revised; eff. 8-30-04.........................39269
1068.310 Revised; eff. 8-30-04.....................................39269
1068.315 Introductory text and (a) revised; (f)(1)(iii) added;
eff. 8-30-04...............................................39269
1068.320 Heading, (a) introductory text and (b) revised; eff. 8-
30-04......................................................39269
1068.325 Introductory text, (a) and (b) revised; (f) added; eff.
8-30-04....................................................39269
1068.335 (a) revised; eff. 8-30-04.................................39270
1068.401 Revised; eff. 8-30-04.....................................39270
1068.410 (e)(1), (g) and (i) revised; eff. 8-30-04.................39270
1068.415 (d) and (e) revised; eff. 8-30-04.........................39270
1068.445 (a)(1) revised; eff. 8-30-04..............................39270
1068.450 (e) revised; eff. 8-30-04.................................39270
1068.501 Revised; eff. 8-30-04.....................................39270
1068.505 (a) and (e) revised; (f) added; eff. 8-30-04..............39272
1068.510 (a)(7) revised; eff. 8-30-04..............................39273
1068.530 Introductory text revised; eff. 8-30-04...................39273
1068 Appendix I amended; eff. 8-30-04..............................39273
Chapter VI
1620 Added.........................................................55513

2005

40 CFR
70 FR
Page
Chapter I
1039 Authority citation revised....................................40462
1039.1 (c) revised.................................................40462
1039.5 (b)(1)(iii) and (2) revised.................................40462
1039.10 Introductory text revised..................................40462
1039.101 (g)(2) revised............................................40462
1039.104 (a)(4)(iii) revised.......................................40462
1039.120 (b) revised...............................................40463
1039.125 (g) introductory text revised.............................40463
1039.130 (b)(3) revised............................................40463
1039.225 Heading revised; (a)(3) and (f) added.....................40463
1039.240 (a) and (b) revised.......................................40463
1039.260 Removed...................................................40463
1039.501 (a) revised...............................................40463
1039.510 (c) and (d) removed.......................................40463
1039.605 Heading revised; (g) added................................40463
1039.610 Heading revised; (g) added................................40463
1039.625 (a)(1) Table 1 amended; (j) revised.......................40464
1039.655 (a)(3) revised............................................40464
1039.740 (b)(4) added..............................................40464
1039.801 Amended...................................................40464
1039 Appendix VI amended...........................................40465
1048 Authority citation revised....................................40465
1048.1--1048.20 (Subpart A) Heading revised........................40465
1048.1 Revised.....................................................40465
1048.5 Revised.....................................................40465
1048.10 Revised....................................................40465
1048.15 Revised....................................................40465

[[Page 1101]]

1048.20 Revised....................................................40466
1048.101 Introductory text, (a), (b), (c), (e), (g) and (h)
revised....................................................40466
1048.105 Heading revised; introductory text added..................40467
1048.115 Introductory text, (a), (b), (e) and (g) revised; (d)
removed....................................................40467
1048.120 Revised...................................................40467
1048.125 Revised...................................................40468
1048.130 (a), (b)(3), (7) and (8) revised; (d) added...............40469
1048.135 Revised...................................................40469
1048.140 (c) revised...............................................40470
1048.145 Heading and (a) revised; (c) removed......................40470
1048.201 Revised...................................................40470
1048.205 Revised...................................................40470
1048.210 Revised...................................................40472
1048.215 Removed...................................................40472
1048.220 Revised...................................................40472
1048.225 Revised...................................................40472
1048.230 Revised...................................................40473
1048.235 Revised...................................................40473
1048.240 Revised...................................................40474
1048.245 (e)(1)(i) revised.........................................40474
1048.250 (a) and (c) revised.......................................40474
1048.255 Revised...................................................40474
1048.301 (a) and (f) revised.......................................40475
1048.305 (d)(1), (f) and (g) revised...............................40475
1048.310 (c) introductory text, (2), (g), (h) and (i) revised......40475
1048.315 Introductory text revised.................................40475
1048.325 (d) revised...............................................40475
1048.345 (d) revised...............................................40476
1048.350 (a) revised...............................................40476
1048.420 (b) revised...............................................40476
1048.425 (a) revised...............................................40476
1048.501 Revised...................................................40476
1048.505 Revised...................................................40476
1048.510 Heading, (a) and (c)(1) revised...........................40478
1048.515 Heading, (a)(1) and (2) revised...........................40478
1048.601 Revised...................................................40479
1048.605 Revised...................................................40479
1048.610 Revised...................................................40480
1048.615 (a)(2), (3), (c) and (d) revised..........................40480
1048.620 Revised...................................................40481
1048.625 Revised...................................................40481
1048.630 Added.....................................................40481
1048.635 Added.....................................................40481
1048.801 Revised...................................................40482
1048.805 Table amended.............................................40485
1048.810 Revised...................................................40485
1048.815 Revised...................................................40486
1048.820 Revised...................................................40486
1048 Appendix I amended............................................40486
1051 Authority citation revised....................................40486
1051.1--1051.25 (Subpart A) Heading revised........................40486
1051.1 Revised.....................................................40486
1051.5 Revised.....................................................40486
1051.10 Revised....................................................40486
1051.15 Revised....................................................40487
1051.101 (a)(1), (2), (c) and (f) revised..........................40487
1051.103 (a)(1) amended; (b) introductory text and (c)
introductory text revised..................................40487
1051.105 (a)(1) amended; (a)(3), (b) introductory text and (c)
introductory text revised..................................40487
1051.107 (a), (b) introductory text and (c) introductory text
revised....................................................40488
1051.110 Introductory text and (a) revised.........................40488
1051.115 (b) removed; (a), (c), (f) and (g) revised; (d)(3)(vi)
added......................................................40488
1051.120 Revised...................................................40489
1051.125 Revised...................................................40489
1051.130 Revised...................................................40490
1051.135 Revised...................................................40490
1051.137 Added.....................................................40491
1051.145 (a)(3)(iv), (4), (b)(3), (e) and (g) revised; (a)(3)(v),
(vi) and (h) added; (b)(1) amended; (c) removed............40491
1051.201 Revised...................................................40492
1051.205 Revised...................................................40493
1051.210 Revised...................................................40494
1051.215 Removed...................................................40494
1051.220 Revised...................................................40494
1051.225 Revised...................................................40494
1051.230 Revised...................................................40495
1051.235 Revised...................................................40495
1051.240 Revised...................................................40496
1051.243 Added.....................................................40496
1051.245 (a) introductory text, (b), (c) and (d) revised...........40497
1051.250 Revised...................................................40497
1051.255 Revised...................................................40497
1051.301--1051.350 (Subpart D) Heading revised.....................40498
1051.301 (a) revised; (h) added....................................40498

[[Page 1102]]

1051.305 (d)(1), (e), (f) and (g) revised..........................40498
1051.310 (c) introductory text, (2), (f), (g) and (i) revised......40498
1051.315 Introductory text revised.................................40499
1051.325 (d) revised...............................................40499
1051.345 (a) introductory text, (5), (10) and (d) revised..........40499
1051.350 (a) revised...............................................40499
1051.501 Introductory text, (a), (b), (c)(2) and (d) revised;
(e)(3) added...............................................40499
1051.505 (a), (b)(3), (d), (e), (f) introductory text, (5) and (6)
revised....................................................40500
1051.515 (a)(5), (b) and (d)(2) revised............................40501
1051.520 Revised...................................................40501
1051.605 Revised...................................................40501
1051.610 Revised...................................................40502
1051.615 (a) introductory text, (b) introductory text and (d)
revised....................................................40503
1051.620 (b)(1)(vi) revised........................................40504
1051.645 Added.....................................................40504
1051.701 (a), (c) and (d) revised; (e), (f) and (g) added..........40504
1051.705 (a), (b) and (c) revised; (e) added.......................40505
1051.710 Revised...................................................40505
1051.715 Revised...................................................40505
1051.720 (a)(2) and (3) revised; (a)(4) added......................40505
1051.725 Revised...................................................40506
1051.730 Revised...................................................40506
1051.735 Revised...................................................40506
1051.740 Added.....................................................40507
1051.745 Added.....................................................40507
1051.801 Revised...................................................40507
1051.805 Amended...................................................40510
1051.810 Revised...................................................40510
1051.815 Revised...................................................40511
1051.820 Revised...................................................40511
1065 Revised.......................................................40516
1068 Authority citation revised....................................40511
1068.10 Revised....................................................40511
1068.30 Amended....................................................40511
1068.101 Introductory text, (a) and (b) revised....................40512
1068.105 (a) revised; (c)(1)(iii) redesignated as (c)(1)(iv).......40513
1068.110 (e) revised...............................................40513
1068.115 (a) revised...............................................40513
1068.125 (b) introductory text revised.............................40513
1068.201 (c) and (i) revised.......................................40513
1068.240 (d) revised...............................................40513
1068.245 (a)(4) and (f)(4) revised.................................40513
1068.250 (k)(4) revised............................................40514
1068.255 (a) introductory text and (b)(4) revised..................40514
1068.260 (a)(5), (6) and (f) revised; (g) and (h) added............40514
1068.265 Added.....................................................40515
1068.305 (a) revised...............................................40515
1068.315 (e), (f) and (g) revised; (i) and (j) added...............40515
1068.325 Introductory text revised.................................40515
1068.330 Heading and (c) revised; (a)(4) added.....................40516
1068.335 (b) revised...............................................40516
1068.410 (j) revised...............................................40516
1068.505 (g) added.................................................40516
1068.510 (a)(10) revised...........................................40516
1068.540 Removed...................................................40516
Chapter V
1506.9 Revised.....................................................41148

2006

40 CFR
71 FR
Page
Chapter I
1039.1 (c) revised.................................................39184
1039.20 (a) and (b) revised; (c) added.............................39185
1039.205 (v) revised...............................................39185
1039.705 (c) revised...............................................39185
1051.720 (a)(2) corrected..........................................35004
1065.1 (a)(5) added................................................39185
1068.1 (a)(4) added................................................39185
1068.310 (b) revised...............................................39185

2007

40 CFR
72 FR
Page
Chapter I
1039.2 Added.......................................................53129
1039.10 Introductory text revised..................................53129
1039.102 (g)(2) revised............................................53129
1039.104 (g)(4) Table 1 revised....................................53130
1039.115 Heading, introductory text and (a) introductory text
revised....................................................53130
1039.125 (f) introductory text revised.............................53130

[[Page 1103]]

1039.135 (g) revised...............................................53130
1039.205 (o) and (x) revised; (aa) added...........................53131
1039.210 Revised...................................................53131
1039.225 (a), (b)(3), (d) and (e) revised..........................53131
1039.230 (a) revised...............................................53131
1039.235 (d)(1) revised............................................53131
1039.245 Introductory text revised.................................53131
1039.255 (d) revised...............................................53132
1039.501 (a) and (b) revised.......................................53132
1039.505 (a)(1) introductory text and (ii) revised.................53132
1039.605 (a) through (d) introductory text, (8)(ii) and (iii)
revised....................................................53132
1039.610 (a), (b), (c), (d)(7)(ii) and (iii) revised...............53132
1039.625 (e)(3) revised............................................53133
1039.705 (a) removed; (b) revised..................................53133
1039.730 (c)(1) revised............................................53133
1039.735 (b) revised...............................................53133
1039.801 Amended...................................................53133
1039.810 (a) revised; (b) removed..................................53133
1039.825 Added.....................................................53134
1051.145 (b) introductory text and (e)(2) revised..................20735

2008

40 CFR
73 FR
Page
Chapter I
1027 Added.........................................................59184
1033 Added; eff. 7-7-08.....................................25199, 37197
1033.101 (b) revised...............................................59188
1033.115 (g) revised...............................................59189
1033.120 (b) revised...............................................59189
1033.135 (b)(2)(i) revised.........................................59189
1033.150 (b) revised; (m) added....................................59189
1033.205 (b) removed...............................................59190
1033.230 (f) revised...............................................59190
1033.335 (g) introductory text revised.............................59190
1033.510 Introductory text revised.................................59190
1033.515 (c)(5) revised; (f) and (g) redesignated as (d) and (e)
59190
1033.530 (e) revised...............................................59190
1033.601 (c)(1) and (3) revised....................................59190
1033.630 (b) introductory text revised.............................59190
1033.640 (b) revised...............................................59190
1033.645 (a) revised...............................................59190
1033.810 (c) introductory text revised.............................59191
1033.901 Amended...................................................59191
1039.5 (d) revised; (e) added......................................59191
1039.102 (g)(4) revised............................................59191
1039.125 (a)(2)(i) and (3)(i) revised..............................59191
1039.135 (c)(4) revised............................................59191
1039.505 (a)(1) introductory text, (c) and (d) revised; (g) added;
eff. 7-7-08.........................................25242, 37241
1039.625 (d)(1), (e) introductory text, (1), (3), (f)(4), (g)(1)
introductory text, (ii), (iv), (2), (j) and (m)(2)
introductory text revised..................................59191
1039.626 (a)(2), (9)(ii)(B), (iv), (b)(1) introductory text and
(2) revised................................................59192
1039.645 (b)(1) revised; eff. 7-7-08........................25242, 37241
1039.801 Amended...................................................59192
1039 Appendix II revised; eff. 7-7-08.......................25243, 37241
Appendices III and IV removed; eff. 7-7-08..............25245, 37243
1042 Added; eff. 7-7-08.....................................25245, 37243
1042.5 (b) revised.................................................59192
1042.101 (a)(3) Table 1 revised....................................59192
1042.107 Revised...................................................59193
1042.115 (f)(1) revised............................................59193
1042.145 (f) Table 2 revised.......................................59194
1042.601 (g) removed...............................................59194
1042.615 (a) introductory text revised.............................59194
1042.801 (f) revised...............................................59194
1042.836 (a) introductory text revised.............................59194
1045 Added.........................................................59194
1045.205 (q) corrected.............................................73789
1045.315 (b) and (f) corrected.....................................73789
1048.1 (c) revised..................................................3613
(d) revised....................................................59231
1048.2 Added.......................................................59231
1048.5 (b) revised; (c) added......................................59232
1048.10 Introductory text revised..................................59232
1048.15 Heading revised; (a), (b) and (c) redesignated as (b), (c)
and (d); new (a) added.....................................59232
1048.20 (a) introductory text and (b)(4) revised; (d) added.........3613
1048.101 (a)(2)(iv) added; (a)(4) removed; (e)(1), (2), (3), (f)
and (h) revised............................................59232
(a)(4) added....................................................3613

[[Page 1104]]

1048.105 Revised...................................................59232
1048.110 Introductory text added; (b) introductory text, (c), (d)
and (g) introductory text revised..........................59232
1048.115 Heading, introductory text and (e) revised................59233
1048.120 (c) revised...............................................59233
1048.125 (a)(1)(iii) and (d) revised...............................59233
1048.135 (c) and (f) revised.......................................59233
1048.140 Revised...................................................59234
1048.145 (j) and (k) added.........................................59234
1048.201 (a) revised...............................................59234
1048.205 (p)(1), (q), (r) introductory text, (s), (y) and (aa)
revised....................................................59234
(b) and (w) revised.............................................3613
1048.220 Introductory text and (a) revised.........................59235
1048.225 Revised...................................................59235
1048.230 (a), (b)(3) and (d) revised; (b)(7) removed...............59235
1048.235 (a), (c)(4), (d) introductory text, (1) and (e) revised
59235
1048.240 (a), (b) and (c) revised..................................59236
1048.245 (c) and (e) revised.......................................59236
1048.250 (d) removed; (a), (b) and (c) redesignated as (b), (c)
and new (d); new (a) added; new (c) revised................59236
1048.255 Heading and (d) revised...................................59236
1048.301 Revised...................................................59236
1048.305 Introductory text added; (a), (d) and (g) revised.........59237
1048.310 (a), (c) introductory text, (2), (f), (g) and (h) revised
59237
1048.315 (a) and (b) revised.......................................59238
1048.320 (b) revised...............................................59238
1048.325 Heading and (c) revised...................................59238
1048.345 Introductory text removed; (a)(4), (5), (6), (8), (b) and
(c) revised................................................59238
1048.350 (b), (e) and (f) revised..................................59239
1048.405 (d) added.................................................59239
1048.410 (e) revised...............................................59239
1048.415 (c) and (d) revised.......................................59239
1048.501 (c) and (e) revised; (h) removed..........................59239
1048.505 Revised...................................................59239
1048.510 Heading, (a), (c) introductory text and (1) revised; (b)
removed....................................................59241
1048.515 (b)(1)(i) revised.........................................59241
1048.601 Revised...................................................59241
1048.605 Heading and (d)(7)(ii) revised............................59241
1048.610 Heading, (d)(7)(ii) and (g) revised.......................59241
1048.612 Added.....................................................59242
1048.615 Revised...................................................59242
1048.620 Heading revised...........................................59242
1048.630 Revised...................................................59242
1048.635 (b) revised...............................................59242
1048.640 Added.....................................................59242
1048.801 Amended...................................................59242
1048.810 Revised...................................................59244
1048.825 Added.....................................................59245
1048 Appendix I removed............................................59245
1051.1 (a)(4) revised..............................................59245
1051.2 Added.......................................................59245
1051.5 (a) revised.................................................59245
1051.10 Introductory text revised..................................59245
1051.15 (b) and (c) redesignated as (c) and (d); new (b) added.....59245
1051.25 (a) and (c) revised........................................59245
1051.103 (b)(1), (2) and (3) revised...............................59246
(a)(1) and (2) revised; eff. 8-25-08...........................35951
1051.105 (b)(1), (2) and (3) revised...............................59246
1051.107 (b)(1), (2) and (3) revised...............................59246
1051.110 Introductory text revised; (c) added......................59246
1051.115 Heading and introductory text revised.....................59246
1051.120 (c) revised...............................................59246
1051.125 (a)(1)(iii) and (d) revised...............................59246
1051.135 (c)(6), (7) and (8) revised; (c)(13) added; (f) removed
59246
1051.137 Introductory text revised.................................59246
1051.140 Added.....................................................59247
1051.145 (b) and (e)(1) revised; (i) added.........................59247
1051.201 (a) revised...............................................59248
1051.205 (b), (o)(1), (p), (t) and (w) revised.....................59248
1051.220 Introductory text and (a) revised.........................59248
1051.225 Revised...................................................59249
1051.230 (a), (b)(8) and (e)(1) revised............................59249
1051.235 (c)(4), (d)(1) introductory text and (i) revised..........59249

[[Page 1105]]

1051.240 (a), (b) and (c)(1) revised...............................59250
1051.243 introductory text, (b)(6) and (c)(1) revised..............59250
1051.245 (e) revised...............................................59250
1051.250 (d) removed; (a), (b) and (c) redesignated as new (b),
(c) and (d); new (a) added; new (c) revised................59250
1051.301 (a), (c), (d), (e) and (h) introductory text revised......59250
1051.305 Introductory text added; (d) and (g) revised..............59251
1051.310 (a), (b), (c) introductory text, (2), (f), (g) and (h)
revised....................................................59251
1051.315 (a), (b) and (g) revised..................................59252
(a) introductory text reinstated; CFR correction...............62444
1051.320 (a)(2) revised............................................59252
1051.325 Heading, (c) and (e) revised..............................59252
1051.345 Introductory text removed; (a)(4), (6), (8), (b) and (c)
revised....................................................59253
1051.350 (b), (e) and (f) revised..................................59253
1051.501 (c)(2) and (d) revised; (e) and (f) redesignated as (g)
and (h); new (e) added.....................................59253
1051.505 (a) and (b) revised.......................................59253
1051.605 Heading and (d)(7)(ii) revised............................59254
1051.610 Heading, (d)(7)(ii) and (g) revised.......................59254
1051.615 (d) introductory text, (3) and (4) revised................59254
1051.635 (a) revised...............................................59255
1051.645 (b) revised...............................................59255
1051.650 Added.....................................................59255
1051.701 (a) revised...............................................59256
1051.710 (d) and (e) revised; (f) removed..........................59256
1051.715 (b) revised; (c) removed..................................59256
1051.720 (a)(2) revised............................................59256
1051.725 (b)(2) revised............................................59256
1051.730 (b)(3), (4), (5), (c)(2) and (f) revised..................59256
1051.735 (b), (d) and (e) revised..................................59257
1051.740 (b)(4)(ii) revised........................................59257
;(b)(4) revised; eff. 8-2508...................................35952
1051.801 Amended...................................................59257
1051.810 Removed...................................................59258
1051.825 Added.....................................................59258
1054 Added.........................................................59259
1054.112 (b)(2) corrected..........................................73789
1060 Added.........................................................59298
1065.1 (a)(6) added.................................................3613
Revised; eff. 7-7-08....................................25290, 37288
(a)(5) and (8) revised.........................................59321
1065.2 Revised; eff. 7-7-08.................................25291, 37289
1065.5 Revised; eff. 7-7-08.................................25291, 37289
1065.10 (c)(1), (2), (6) and (7) introductory text revised; eff.
7-7-08..............................................25291, 37289
1065.12 (a) and (d)(1) revised; eff. 7-7-08.................25292, 37290
1065.15 (c)(1) and (e) revised; (f) added; eff. 7-7-08......25292, 37290
1065.20 (a)(2), (b)(2), (f) and (g) revised; eff. 7-7-08....25294, 37292
1065.101 (a) revised; (e) added; eff. 7-7-08................25294, 37292
1065.110 (a) introductory text and (e) revised; (a)(1)(iv) and (f)
added; eff. 7-7-08..................................25294, 37292
1065.120 (a) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25295, 37293
1065.122 (a) introductory text, (1) and (c) revised; eff. 7-7-08
25295, 37293
1065.125 (c) and (d) revised; (e) added; eff. 7-7-08........25295, 37293
1065.125 (b) and (c) revised.......................................59321
1065.130 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25295, 37293
1065.140 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25296, 37294
1065.145 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25298, 37296
1065.170 Introductory text, (a) and (c)(1) revised; eff. 7-7-08...25300,
37298
1065.170 (a)(2), (c)(1) and Figure 1 revised.......................59321
1065.190 (c) through (g) revised; eff. 7-7-08...............25301, 37299
1065.190 (d)(2) revised............................................59323
1065.195 (a) and (c)(4) revised; eff. 7-7-08................25301, 37299
1065.201 (a) and (b) revised; (h) added; eff. 7-7-08........25301, 37299
1065.205 Table I revised...........................................59323
1065.210 (a) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25302, 37300
1065.215 (e) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25302, 37300
1065.220 (d) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25302, 37300
1065.265 (c) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25302, 37300
1065.270 (c) and (d) introductory text revised; eff. 7-7-08.......25302,
37300
1065.272 (a) revised...............................................59323
1065.280 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25302, 37300

[[Page 1106]]

1065.290 (c)(1) revised; eff. 7-7-08........................25302, 37300
1065.303 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25302, 37300
1065.303 Revised...................................................59323
1065.305 (d)(4), (8) and (9)(iii) revised; eff. 7-7-08......25303, 37301
1065.307 (b), (c)(6), (13) and Table 1 revised; (d)(8) and (e)
added; eff. 7-7-08..................................25304, 37302
1065.307 (e)(2) and (3) revised....................................59325
1065.308 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25305, 37303
1065.308 Revised...................................................59325
1065.309 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25306, 37304
1065.309 Revised...................................................59326
1065.310 (d) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25307, 37305
1065.315 (a)(2) revised; eff. 7-7-08........................25307, 37305
1065.340 (f)(5), (6)(ii), (7), (9), (10), (g)(6)(i) and Figure 1
revised; eff. 7-7-08................................25307, 37305
1065.341 (d) introductory text, (7) and (g) introductory text
revised; eff. 7-7-08................................25308, 37307
1065.341 (d)(4) revised............................................59328
1065.342 Added; eff. 7-7-08.................................25309, 37307
1065.342 (d) and (e) revised.......................................59328
1065.345 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25309, 37307
1065.345 (d)(3) revised............................................59328
1065.350 (c) and (d) revised; eff. 7-7-08...................25310, 37308
1065.350 (d)(4) and (5) revised....................................59328
1065.355 (d) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25310, 37308
1065.355 (d)(4) and (5) revised....................................59328
1065.360 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25310, 37308
1065.362 (d) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25311, 37309
1065.365 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25312, 37310
1065.370 (d), (e) and (g)(1) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........25313, 37311
1065.370 Revised...................................................59328
(c) corrected..................................................73789
1065.372 (d)(7) and (e)(1) revised; eff. 7-7-08.............25314, 37312
1065.376 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25314, 37312
1065.378 (d) and (e)(1) revised; eff. 7-7-08................25314, 37313
1065.378 (d)(4) revised............................................59330
1065.390 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25315, 37313
1065.405 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25316, 37314
1065.410 (c) and (d) revised; eff. 7-7-08...................25316, 37314
1065.415 Introductory text revised; (a)(3) removed; eff. 7-7-08...25316,
37315
1065.501--1065.595 (Subpart F) Heading revised; eff. 7-7-08.......25317,
37315
1065.501 (a) introductory text, (1) and (b) revised; eff. 7-7-08
25317, 37315
1065.510 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25317, 37315
1065.510 (b)(3) and (6) revised....................................59330
1065.512 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25319, 37317
1065.514 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25320, 37318
1065.514 (f)(3) revised............................................59330
1065.520 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25321, 37320
1065.520 (g)(4) and (5)(ii) revised................................59330
1065.525 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25322, 37320
1065.530 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25322, 37321
1065.545 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25324, 37322
1065.550 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25324, 37322
1065.590 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25325, 37323
1065.595 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25325, 37323
1065.601 (c)(1) revised; eff. 7-7-08........................25326, 37324
1065.602 (f)(3) and (l) introductory text revised; eff. 7-7-08....25326,
37324
1065.610 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25326, 37324
1065.610 (a) and (b) revised.......................................59330
1065.640 (a) and (e) revised; Table 3 redesignated as Table 4;
eff. 7-7-08.........................................25328, 37326
1065.640 (a) revised...............................................59331
1065.642 (b) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25329, 37327
1065.644 Added; eff. 7-7-08.................................25329, 37327
1065.645 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25329, 37327
1065.645 (a) and (b) revised.......................................59331
1065.650 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25331, 37328
1065.650 (b)(3), (c)(2)(i), (d)(8), (e)(4), (f)(2) and (g)
revised; (h) added.........................................59332
1065.655 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25333, 37331
1065.655 (c) and (d) revised; (e) added............................59334
1065.659 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25338, 37335
1065.660 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25338, 37336
1065.660 (b)(2)(i) and (3) revised.................................59339
1065.665 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25339, 37337
1065.667 (b) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25340, 37338
1065.667 Revised...................................................59339
1065.670 Introductory text revised; eff. 7-7-08.............25340, 37338
1065.675 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25340, 37338
1065.675 Revised...................................................59340
1065.690 (e) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25341, 37339

[[Page 1107]]

1065.695 (c)(7)(ix) revised; eff. 7-7-08....................25342, 37339
1065.701 (b), (c) and (e) revised; eff. 7-7-08..............25342, 37339
1065.701 (e) redesignated as (f); new (e) added....................59341
1065.703 Table 1 revised; eff. 7-7-08.......................25342, 37340
1065.703 Table I revised...........................................59341
1065.705 Added; eff. 7-7-08.................................25343, 37340
1065.710 Table 1 revised; eff. 7-7-08.......................25343, 37341
1065.715 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25344, 37342
1065.720 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25344, 37342
1065.750 (a) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25345, 37343
1065.805 (a), (b) and (c) revised; eff. 7-7-08..............25346, 37343
1065.845 Introductory text revised; eff. 7-7-08.............25346, 37343
1065.901 (b) introductory text and (2) revised; eff. 7-7-08.......25346,
37344
1065.905 (c)(14) and (e) introductory text revised; eff. 7-7-08...25346,
37344
1065.910 Revised; eff. 7-7-08...............................25346, 37344
1065.915 (a), (c), (d)(1) and (5)(iii)(B) revised; eff. 7-7-08....25347,
37344
1065.915 (a) revised...............................................59342
1065.920 (a), (b)(4)(iii) and (7) introductory text revised; eff.
7-7-08..............................................25347, 37345
1065.925 (h) revised; eff. 7-7-08...........................25347, 37345
1065.925 (h)(4) revised............................................59342
1065.935 (e)(1) and (g)(5) revised; eff. 7-7-08.............25348, 37345
1065.1001 Amended; eff. 7-7-08..............................25348, 37346
1065.1001 Amended..................................................59342
1065.1005 (a) and (g) revised; eff. 7-7-08..................25348, 37346
1065.1005 (a) revised..............................................59342
1065.1010 Revised; eff. 7-7-08..............................25349, 37347
1065.1010 (d) revised..............................................59343
1068.1 (a)(5) added.................................................3613
(a)(6) and (7) added; (b)(4) and (6) revised; eff. 7-7-08.....25352,
37349
1068 Revised.......................................................59344
1074 Added.........................................................59379

2009

40 CFR
74 FR
Page
Chapter I
1027.105 (c)(1)(i) and (ii) amended.................................8423
1033.150 (f) Table 1 amended........................................8423
1033.205 (d)(8) revised............................................56508
1033.235 (i) added.................................................56508
1033.501 (a) introductory text revised.............................56508
1033.515 (c)(5) revised.............................................8424
1033.520 (e)(7) Tables 1 and 2 removed; (g) added...................8424
1033.640 (a)(2) revised.............................................8425
1033.645 (a) revised................................................8425
1033.905 Amended...................................................56508
1039.205 (r) revised...............................................56508
1039.235 (g) added.................................................56509
1039.501 (a) revised...............................................56509
1039.805 Amended...................................................56509
1042.101 (a)(3) Table 1 revised.....................................8425
1042.205 (r) revised...............................................56509
1042.235 (g) added.................................................56509
1042.501 (a) revised...............................................56509
1042.635 (a) and (b) revised; (c) removed...........................8426
1042.850 (d) added..................................................8426
1042.905 Amended...................................................56509
1045.205 (q) revised...............................................56509
1045.235 (g) added.................................................56510
1045.501 (b) revised...............................................56510
1048.15 (a) revised.................................................8426
1048.205 (s) revised...............................................56510
1048.235 (g) added.................................................56510
1048.501 (a) revised...............................................56510
1048.801 Amended....................................................8426
1048.805 Amended...................................................56510
1051.205 (p) revised...............................................56510
1051.235 (i) added.................................................56510
1051.501 (a) and (b) revised.......................................56511
1051.805 Amended...................................................56511
1054.205 (p) revised...............................................56511
1054.235 (g) added.................................................56511
1054.501 (b)(1) revised............................................56511
1054.690 (a) revised................................................8426
1060.102 (d)(1) revised.............................................8426
1060.103 (d) revised................................................8427
1060.105 (c)(2) revised.............................................8427
1060.501 (e) revised................................................8427
1060.510 Revised....................................................8427
1060.515 (a)(1) and (c) revised.....................................8427
1065.5 (a)(3) revised..............................................56511
1065.270 Undesignated center heading revised.......................56512
1065.275 Added.....................................................56512
1065.303 Revised...................................................56512
1065.307 (c)(6) revised............................................56513

[[Page 1108]]

1065.365 (d), (e) and (f) revised..................................56513
1065.370 Undesignated center heading revised.......................56515
1065.375 Added.....................................................56515
1065.550 (b) introductory text and (1) revised; (b)(4) added.......56515
1065.601 (a)(1) revised............................................56516
1065.660 (a), (b) introductory text, (1), (2) and (3) introductory
text revised; (c) added....................................56516
1065.672 (d)(2) revised.............................................8427
1065.750 (a)(1)(ii) revised; (a)(3)(xi) added......................56518
1065.1001 Amended............................................8428, 56518
1065.1005 (b), (f)(2) and (g) revised..............................56518
1068.201 (h) revised................................................8428
1068.225 (a) and (b) revised; (c) removed...........................8428
1068.325 (g) revised; (i) redesignated as (j); new (i) added........8428

2010

40 CFR
75 FR
Page
Chapter I
1027.101 (a)(2)(iii) and (d) revised; (a)(4) added.................22981
1027.105 (b)(3) revised............................................22981
1027.115 (g) revised...............................................22982
1027.150 Heading revised; amended..................................22982
1033.15 (a) revised................................................22982
1033.30 Added......................................................22982
1033.101 (d) revised...............................................22982
1033.115 (f) revised...............................................22982
1033.120 (c) revised...............................................22983
1033.150 (a)(4) revised; (k)(1) redesignated as (l)................22983
(e)(1) revised.................................................68460
1033.220 Introductory text and (a) revised.........................22983
1033.225 Introductory text, (b) introductory text, (2), (e) and
(f) revised................................................22983
1033.235 (c) and (d) introductory text revised.....................22984
1033.240 (a) introductory text and (b) introductory text revised
22984
1033.255 (b) revised...............................................22984
1033.325 (d) revised...............................................22984
1033.501 (i) revised...............................................22984
1033.505 (a) revised...............................................22984
1033.515 Heading, (d) and (e) revised..............................22985
1033.530 (e) and (h) revised.......................................22985
1033.601 (a) revised...............................................22986
1033.625 (a)(1), (b) and (c) revised...............................22986
1033.652 Added.....................................................22986
1033.705 (b) introductory text revised.............................22987
1033.715 Revised...................................................22987
1033.725 (b)(2) revised............................................22987
1033.730 (b)(3) and (5) revised....................................22987
1033.735 (b), (d) and (e) revised..................................22987
1033.901 Amended...................................................22987
1033.905 Amended...................................................22987
1033.925 Added.....................................................22987
1039.2 Revised.....................................................22988
1039.5 (a) revised.................................................22988
1039.15 (a) revised................................................22988
1039.30 Added......................................................22988
1039.102 Tables 2 through 6 headings corrected; CFR correction.....37310
(e) revised....................................................68461
1039.104 (h) added.................................................22988
(g)(5) added...................................................68461
1039.120 (c) revised...............................................22989
1039.125 (a)(1)(iii), (2)(ii), (3)(ii), (c), (d) and (g)
introductory text revised; (a)(4) redesignated as (a)(6);
new (a)(4) and (5) added...................................22989
1039.135 (c)(6) and (8) revised....................................22989
1039.201 (h) added.................................................22990
1039.220 Revised...................................................22990
1039.225 Heading, introductory text, (b) introductory text, (2),
(e) and (f) revised........................................22990
1039.230 (b) and (d) revised.......................................22990
1039.235 Heading, (c) and (d) introductory text revised............22991
1039.240 (a), (b) and (c)(1) revised...............................22991
1039.245 Introductory text revised.................................22991
1039.250 (a) introductory text and (c) revised; (e) removed........22991
1039.255 (b) revised...............................................22991
1039.510 (b) revised; (c) added....................................22991
1039.605 (d)(3) introductory text revised..........................22992
1039.610 (d)(3) introductory text revised..........................22992
1039.625 (b)(2)(iii) added.........................................68461
1039.627 (a)(3)(ii) and (iii) revised..............................22992
1039.705 (b) introductory text revised.............................22992

[[Page 1109]]

1039.715 Revised...................................................22992
1039.720 (b) revised...............................................22992
1039.725 (b)(2) revised............................................22992
1039.730 (b)(3), (4), (5) and (f) revised..........................22992
1039.735 (b), (d) and (e) revised..................................22993
1039.801 Amended...................................................22993
1039.810 Removed...................................................22994
1042.1 Revised.....................................................22994
1042.2 Revised.....................................................22995
1042.5 (a) revised; (c) added......................................22995
1042.15 Revised....................................................22995
1042.30 Added......................................................22996
1042.101 Heading, (a)(3) Table 1 and (d)(1)(iii) revised...........22996
1042.104 Added.....................................................22997
1042.110 (a)(2) revised; (a)(3) and (d) added......................22998
1042.115 (d)(2) introductory text and (f) introductory text
revised; (f)(4) and (g) added..............................22998
1042.120 (b)(2) added; (c) revised.................................22999
1042.125 Heading, introductory text, (a)(1)(iii) and (d) revised
22999
1042.135 (c)(5), (8), (9) and (11) revised; (c)(12) and (13) added
22999
1042.140 Heading and introductory text revised; (g) added..........23000
1042.145 (a) and (c) introductory text heading revised; (h) and
(i) added..................................................23000
1042.201 (h) revised...............................................23000
1042.205 (b)(12) added; (i), (o) and (s)(5) revised................23000
1042.220 Revised...................................................23001
1042.225 Introductory text, (b) introductory text, (2), (e) and
(f) revised................................................23001
1042.230 (a), (b), (f) introductory text and (g) revised; (d)
added......................................................23001
1042.235 Heading, introductory text, (a), (c) and (d) introductory
text revised...............................................23002
1042.240 (a), (b) and (c) introductory text revised; (e) and (f)
added......................................................23002
1042.245 Introductory text and (a) revised.........................23003
1042.250 (a) and (c) revised; (e) removed..........................23003
1042.255 (b) revised...............................................23003
1042.301 (a)(3), (c), (e) and (f) revised..........................23003
1042.302 Added.....................................................23003
1042.305 (a), (d) introductory text, (2), (e)(2) and (g) revised
23004
1042.310 Heading revised...........................................23004
1042.315 (a) and (b) revised.......................................23004
1042.320 (a)(2) revised............................................23004
1042.325 (e) revised...............................................23004
1042.345 (a)(6) and (b) revised....................................23004
1042.350 (b), (e) and (f) revised..................................23004
1042.501 (a) and (c) revised; (g) added............................23005
1042.505 (b) introductory text revised.............................23005
1042.525 (b) revised; (g) added....................................23005
1042.601 (b) revised; (g), (h) and (i) added.......................23005
1042.605 (a) revised...............................................23005
1042.610 Introductory text revised.................................23006
1042.615 Introductory text and (a)(4) revised; (d) added...........23006
1042.620 Revised...................................................23006
1042.625 Introductory text added...................................23006
1042.630 Introductory text revised.................................23006
1042.635 (a) revised...............................................23006
1042.650 Heading and introductory text revised; (d) added..........23007
1042.655 Added.....................................................23007
1042.660 Revised...................................................23007
1042.670 Added.....................................................23008
1042.701 Introductory text added...................................23008
1042.705 (a) introductory text revised.............................23008
1042.715 Revised...................................................23009
1042.720 (b) revised...............................................23009
1042.725 (b)(2) revised............................................23009
1042.730 (b)(3), (4) and (5) revised...............................23009
1042.735 (b), (d) and (e) revised..................................23009
1042.801 Introductory text and (a) revised.........................23009
1042.836 Introductory text, (a) introductory text and (c) revised
23009
1042.850 (c) revised...............................................23009
1042.901 Amended...................................................23010
1042.905 Amended...................................................23012
1042.910 Revised...................................................23012
1042 Appendix I amended............................................23012
Appendix II amended............................................68461
1043 Added.........................................................23013
1045.103 (b) introductory text revised.............................23019

[[Page 1110]]

1045.125 (a)(2) and (c) revised; (a)(3) added......................23019
1045.140 (a) revised...............................................23019
1045.145 (o) added.................................................23019
(a) introductory text revised..................................68462
1045.201 (h) added.................................................23019
1045.220 (a) revised...............................................23019
1045.230 (b)(4) revised............................................23019
1045.240 (a) and (b) revised; (e) added............................23019
1045.405 (c) and (e) revised.......................................23020
1045.515 (c)(5) introductory text revised..........................23020
1045.701 (d), (g), (j)(4) and (5) revised..........................23020
1045.705 (a) revised...............................................23020
1045.801 Amended...................................................23020
1048.15 (b) revised................................................23021
1048.30 Added......................................................23021
1048.120 (b) revised...............................................23021
1048.125 (a)(4) added; (c) revised.................................23021
1048.201 (h) added.................................................23022
1048.220 (a) and (c) revised.......................................23022
1048.230 (b)(6) revised............................................23022
1048.240 (a) and (b) revised; (e) added............................23022
1048.245 (e) revised...............................................23022
1048.255 (b) revised...............................................23022
1048.405 (b) and (d) revised.......................................23022
1048.505 Heading, (b)(5)(i) and Table 3 revised....................23022
1048.510 (b) added.................................................23023
1048.801 Amended...................................................23023
1051.15 (a) revised................................................23023
1051.20 (g) added..................................................23023
1051.30 Added......................................................23023
1051.125 (a)(3) added; (c) revised.................................23023
1051.135 (c)(12) revised...........................................23024
1051.201 (h) added.................................................23024
1051.220 (a) and (c) revised.......................................23024
1051.230 (b)(7) revised............................................23024
1051.255 (b) revised...............................................23024
1051.801 Amended...................................................23024
1054.1 (a)(4) revised..............................................23024
1054.101 (e) revised...............................................68462
1054.125 (a)(4) added; (c) revised.................................23024
1054.145 (o) added.................................................23025
1054.201 (h) added.................................................23025
1054.205 (b) revised...............................................23025
1054.220 (a) revised...............................................23025
1054.230 (b)(6) revised............................................23025
1054.601 Heading revised; (c) added................................23025
1054.690 (d), (f) and (j) revised..................................23025
1054.730 (b)(4) revised............................................23026
1054.801 Amended...................................................23026
1060.103 (e) revised...............................................23026
1060.105 (c)(1) and (d) revised; (f)(3) added......................56482
1060.135 (a)(5) revised............................................23026
1060.137 (a) introductory text and (4) revised.....................23026
1060.515 (c) revised...............................................23027
1060.520 (a)(4) added; (b)(3) removed; (b)(5)(ii)(B), (d)(8), (9)
and (10) revised...........................................23027
1060.601 (h) added.................................................23027
1060.801 Amended...................................................23027
1060.810 (d) added.................................................56482
1065.1 (d) and (g) revised.........................................23028
1065.2 (a) and (b) revised.........................................23028
1065.10 (c)(2) and (7) introductory text revised...................23028
1065.15 (c) revised................................................23028
1065.125 (c) and (e) revised.......................................23029
1065.140 (c)(6), (e) introductory text and (4) revised.............23029
(d) introductory text and (1) revised..........................68462
1065.145 Revised...................................................23030
1065.201 (h) revised...............................................23033
1065.205 Revised...................................................23033
1065.240 (d) introductory text revised.............................23035
1065.260 (c) revised...............................................23035
(e) revised....................................................68462
1065.290 (b) revised...............................................68462
1065.295 (c) and (d) added.........................................68462
1065.303 Revised...................................................23035
1065.305 (d)(4), (5) and (7) revised...............................23037
1065.307 (c)(6), (11), (d), (e) and Table 1 revised................23037
(d)(9) added...................................................68462
1065.309 (d)(2) revised............................................23039
1065.315 (a)(2) revised............................................23040
1065.340 (f)(6)(iii) correctly reinstated..........................34653
(e)(8) revised.................................................68463
1065.342 (a), (c), (d)(4) and (7) revised..........................23040
1065.345 (a) and (e)(1)(iii) revised...............................23040
1065.350 (d) revised...............................................23040
1065.355 (d) and (e)(1) revised....................................23041
1065.360 (e)(2) revised............................................23041
1065.370 (e)(5) and (g)(1) revised.................................23041
1065.390 (d)(9) revised............................................23042
(c)(2) revised.................................................68463

[[Page 1111]]

1065.501 (b)(2) revised............................................23042
1065.510 (b)(5) and (d)(5) revised.................................23042
1065.514 (d) and Table 1 revised...................................23042
1065.520 (b) and (g) introductory text revised.....................23043
1065.525 Heading, (c)(3) and (d) revised; (e) removed..............68463
1065.526 Added.....................................................68463
1065.530 (g)(3)(iv), (4)(i) and (j) revised........................23043
1065.545 Heading revised; (d) removed..............................23043
1065.546 Added.....................................................23043
1065.550 (b)(2) revised; (b)(3) added..............................23044
(b)(1)(ii), (2) and (4) revised................................68463
1065.601 (b) revised...............................................23044
1065.602 (b), (e) and (l)(1)(iii) revised..........................23044
1065.610 (c)(3) introductory text revised..........................23045
1065.640 (b)(1), (5), Table 1, (c)(3), (4) introductory text, (i),
(5), (d)(1), Table 4 and (e)(3) revised....................23045
(c)(5) revised.................................................68464
1065.642 Revised...................................................23047
(c) revised....................................................68464
1065.645 (a)(2), (b) and (c) revised...............................23048
1065.650 (a), (b), (c) introductory text, (d) introductory text,
(7), (e)(2), (f)(4), (g) and (h) revised...................23048
1065.655 (c), (d), Table 1 and (e)(3) revised......................23051
1065.660 Heading and (b)(2) revised................................68464
1065.667 (d) and (e) revised.......................................23055
1065.670 Revised...................................................23056
1065.672 (d)(7) revised............................................23056
1065.690 (c) and (e) revised.......................................23056
1065.701 (f) and Table 1 revised...................................23057
1065.703 Table 1 revised...........................................23057
1065.710 Table 1 corrected; CFR correction.........................37310
1065.750 (a)(3)(xi) revised........................................68465
1065.845 (b) revised...............................................23058
1065.905 (c)(6), (d)(2) and Table 1 revised........................68465
1065.910 (a)(3) and (c) revised....................................23058
1065.915 (a), (d)(5) introductory text and (iv) revised; (d)(5)(v)
added......................................................68466
1065.920 Heading and (a) revised...................................68467
1065.925 (h) introductory text revised.............................68467
1065.940 Revised...................................................68467
1065.1001 Amended..................................................23058
1068 Heading revised...............................................23058
1068.1 (a)(4), (b)(4), (8) and (d)(1) revised......................23058
1068.25 (c) added..................................................23058
1068.30 Amended....................................................23059
1068.31 (d) revised................................................23059
1068.40 Revised....................................................23059
1068.45 (c) introductory text revised..............................23059
1068.101 Revised...................................................23059
1068.103 (a) revised...............................................23061
1068.105 (a) revised...............................................23062
1068.120 (e) revised...............................................23062
1068.125 (b) introductory text revised.............................23062
1068.215 (a) and (b) revised.......................................23062
1068.225 (b) revised...............................................23062
1068.240 (a), (b)(6), (c) introductory text, (2)(ii), (4), (d),
(e) and (g)(2) revised; (b)(7) added.......................23062
1068.260 (a), (b), (c) and (e) revised.............................23064
1068.261 (c)(5) removed............................................23064
1068.325 (g) revised...............................................23064
1068.410 (e)(1) removed............................................23064
1068.440 (b) revised...............................................23064
1068.501 (a)(5), (e) and (f) revised...............................23064
Chapter V
1500 Policy statement..............................................75628
1501 Policy statement..............................................75628
1502 Policy statement..............................................75628
1503 Policy statement..............................................75628
1504 Policy statement..............................................75628
1505 Policy statement..............................................75628
1506 Policy statement..............................................75628
1507 Policy statement..............................................75628
1508 Policy statement..............................................75628
1515 Revised.......................................................48590

2011

40 CFR
76 FR
Page
Chapter I
1033.625 (a)(2) revised............................................57380
1036 Added.........................................................57381
1037 Added.........................................................57398
1039.20 (a) introductory text and (c) revised; eff. 8-29-11........37977
1039.510 (b) introductory text revised.............................57437

[[Page 1112]]

1042.1 (h) added...................................................37977
1042.901 Corrected; CFR correction.................................20550
Corrected...............................................25246, 26620
1065.1 (a)(3) and (4) revised; eff. 8-29-11........................37977
(h) added......................................................57437
1065.15 (e) revised................................................57437
1065.20 (a) introductory text, (1) and (e) revised.................57438
1065.125 (e)(1) introductory text revised..........................57440
1065.140 (c)(6)(ii)(C) and (D) revised.............................57440
1065.170 (c)(1)(vi) revised........................................57440
1065.190 (d)(3) Table 1 revised....................................57440
1065.205 Revised...................................................57440
1065.220 (a) introductory text revised; (a)(1)(iii) added..........57441
1065.225 (a) introductory text revised; (a)(1)(iii) and (iv) added
57442
1065.250 Revised...................................................57442
1065.260 Revised...................................................57442
1065.265 (b) revised...............................................57442
1065.267 Revised...................................................57442
1065.270 (b) revised...............................................57442
1065.272 (b) revised...............................................57442
1065.275 (b) and (c) revised.......................................57443
1065.280 (b) revised...............................................57443
1065.284 (b) revised...............................................57443
1065.295 (b) revised...............................................57443
1065.303 Revised...................................................57444
1065.307 (a) and Table 1 revised...................................57445
1065.340 (a) through (g) revised; (h) added........................57445
1065.341 (a)(5), (6) and (f)(5) revised; (a)(7) added..............57447
1065.350 (d)(7) revised............................................57447
1065.360 (e) introductory text revised.............................57447
1065.370 (g)(1) revised............................................57447
1065.372 (e)(1) revised............................................57447
1065.378 (d)(3)(iv) revised........................................57447
1065.510 (a) introductory text, (b)(5)(i), (6), (c)(2), (d)(5),
(f)(3), (5) and (g) revised; (b)(7), (c)(4) and (h) added
57448
1065.514 (f)(3) revised............................................57450
1065.520 (g) introductory text, (5)(i), (7) and (8) revised;
(g)(9) added...............................................57450
1065.525 (a) revised; (c)(4) removed...............................57451
1065.530 (b)(13) revised...........................................57451
1065.546 (a) revised...............................................57451
1065.550 Heading and (b) revised...................................57451
1065.602 (f)(3) introductory text, (h) and (l)(1) revised..........57452
1065.610 (a), (b)(1) and (c) revised...............................57453
1065.640 (b)(1), (2), (5), (e)(3), (4) and (7) revised.............57455
1065.642 (a) revised...............................................57456
1065.645 Introductory text and (a) revised.........................57456
1065.650 (c) introductory text, (1), (4), (d)(7), (e)(4) and
(f)(4) revised; (c)(5) added...............................57457
1065.655 (b), (c)(5), (d) and (e)(3) revised; (f) added............57458
1065.659 (a), (b) and (c) revised..................................57462
1065.660 Revised...................................................57462
1065.667 Revised...................................................57465
1065.670 Introductory text revised.................................57466
1065.675 (d) revised...............................................57466
1065.750 (a)(3) introductory text and (4) revised..................57467
1065.790 (a) revised...............................................57467
1065.915 (a) Table 1 revised.......................................57467
1065.925 (h)(1), (2) and (3) revised...............................57467
1065.1001 Amended..................................................57467
1065.1005 Introductory text, (a), (e), (f)(2) and (g) revised......57468
1065.1010 Introductory text and (c) revised........................57470
1066 Added.........................................................57470
1068 Heading revised...............................................57488
1068.1 (a)(3) revised; eff. 8-29-11................................37977
Revised........................................................57488
1068.210 Revised...................................................57488
1068.235 Revised...................................................57489
1068.325 Revised...................................................57489
Chapter V
1500 Policy statement...............................................3843
1501 Policy statement...............................................3843
1502 Policy statement...............................................3843
1505 Policy statement...............................................3843
1506 Policy statement...............................................3843
1507 Policy statement...............................................3843
1508 Policy statement...............................................3843

[[Page 1113]]

2012

(Regulations published from January 1, 2012, through July 1, 2012)

40 CFR
77 FR
Page
Chapter I
1039.115 (g)(4) and (5) added; eff. 8-7-12.........................34147
1039.135 (c)(15) added; eff. 8-7-12................................34147
1039.501 (g) added; eff. 8-7-12................