[Title 40 CFR 142.62]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 2009 Edition]
[Title 40 - PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT]
[Chapter I - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)]
[Subchapter D - WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)]
[Part 142 - NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS]
[Subpart G - Identification of Best Technology, Treatment Techniques or]
[Sec. 142.62 - Variances and exemptions from the maximum contaminant levels for organic and inorganic chemicals.]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
40PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT222009-07-012009-07-01falseVariances and exemptions from the maximum contaminant levels for organic and inorganic chemicals.142.62Sec. 142.62PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONSIdentification of Best Technology, Treatment Techniques or
Sec. 142.62 Variances and exemptions from the maximum contaminant levels for organic and inorganic chemicals.
(a) The Administrator, pursuant to section 1415(a)(1)(A) of the Act
hereby identifies the technologies listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through
(a)(54) of this section as the best technology, treatment techniques, or
other means available for achieving compliance with the maximum
contaminant levels for organic chemicals listed in Sec. 141.61 (a) and
(c):
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Best available technologies
Contaminant ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PTA \1\ GAC \2\ OX \3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Benzene......................... X X .......................
(2) Carbon tetrachloride............ X X .......................
(3) 1,2-Dichloroethane.............. X X .......................
(4) Trichloroethylene............... X X .......................
(5) para-Dichlorobenzene............ X X .......................
(6) 1,1-Dichloroethylene............ X X .......................
(7) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane........... X X .......................
(8) Vinyl chloride.................. X ....................... .......................
(9) cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene........ X X .......................
(10) 1,2-Dichloropropane............ X X .......................
(11) Ethylbenzene................... X X .......................
(12) Monochlorobenzene.............. X X .......................
(13) o-Dichlorobenzene.............. X X .......................
(14) Styrene........................ X X .......................
(15) Tetrachloroethylene............ X X .......................
(16) Toluene........................ X X .......................
(17) trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene..... X X .......................
(18) Xylense (total)................ X X .......................
(19) Alachlor....................... ........................ X .......................
(20) Aldicarb....................... ........................ X .......................
(21) Aldicarb sulfoxide............. ........................ X .......................
(22) Aldicarb sulfone............... ........................ X .......................
[[Page 679]]
(23) Atrazine....................... ........................ X .......................
(24) Carbofuran..................... ........................ X .......................
(25) Chlordane...................... ........................ X .......................
(26) Dibromochloropropane........... X X .......................
(27) 2,4-D.......................... ........................ X .......................
(28) Ethylene dibromide............. X X .......................
(29) Heptachlor..................... ........................ X .......................
(30) Heptachlor epoxide............. ........................ X .......................
(31) Lindane........................ ........................ X .......................
(32) Methoxychlor................... ........................ X .......................
(33) PCBs........................... ........................ X .......................
(34) Pentachlorophenol.............. ........................ X .......................
(35) Toxaphene...................... ........................ X .......................
(36) 2,4,5-TP....................... ........................ X .......................
(37) Benzo[a]pyrene................. ........................ X .......................
(38) Dalapon........................ ........................ X .......................
(39) Dichloromethane................ X ....................... .......................
(40) Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate........ X X .......................
(41) Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate...... ........................ X .......................
(42) Dinoseb........................ ........................ X .......................
(43) Diquat......................... ........................ X .......................
(44) Endothall...................... ........................ X .......................
(45) Endrin......................... ........................ X .......................
(46) Glyphosate..................... ........................ ....................... X
(47) Hexachlorobenzene.............. ........................ X .......................
(48) Hexachlorocyclopentadiene...... X X .......................
(49) Oxamyl (Vydate)................ ........................ X .......................
(50) Picloram....................... ........................ X .......................
(51) Simazine....................... ........................ X .......................
(52) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene......... X X .......................
(53) 1,1,2-Trichloroethane.......... X X .......................
(54) 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin).......... ........................ X .......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Packed Tower Aeration
\2\ Granular Activated Carbon
\3\ Oxidation (Chlorination or Ozonation)
(b) The Administrator, pursuant to section 1415(a)(1)(A) of the Act,
hereby identifies the following as the best technology, treatment
techniques, or other means available for achieving compliance with the
maximum contaminant levels for the inorganic chemicals listed in Sec.
141.62:
BAT for Inorganic Compounds Listed in Sec. 141.62(b)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical name BAT(s)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Antimony................................................ 2,7
Arsenic \4\............................................. \5\ 1, 2, 5,
6, 7, 9, 12
Asbestos................................................ 2,3,8
Barium.................................................. 5,6,7,9
Beryllium............................................... 1,2,5,6,7
Cadmium................................................. 2,5,6,7
Chromium................................................ 2,5,6 \2\,7
Cyanide................................................. 5,7,10
Mercury................................................. 2 \1\,4,6
\1\,7 \1\
Nickel.................................................. 5,6,7
Nitrite................................................. 5,7,9
Nitrate................................................. 5,7
Selenium................................................ 1,2 \3\,6,7,9
Thallium................................................ 1,5
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ BAT only if influent Hg concentrations <=10[micro]g/1.
\2\ BAT for Chromium III only.
\3\ BAT for Selenium IV only.
\4\ BATs for Arsenic V. Pre-oxidation may be required to convert Arsenic
III to Arsenic V.
\5\ To obtain high removals, iron to arsenic ratio must be at least
20:1.
Key to BATS in Table
1=Activated Alumina
2=Coagulation/Filtration (not BAT for systems <500 service connections)
3=Direct and Diatomite Filtration
4=Granular Activated Carbon
5=Ion Exchange
6=Lime Softening (not BAT for systems <500 service connections)
7=Reverse Osmosis
8=Corrosion Control
9=Electrodialysis
10=Chlorine
11=Ultraviolet
12=Oxidation/Filtration
(c) A State shall require community water systems and non-transient,
non-community water systems to install and/or use any treatment method
identified in Sec. 142.62 (a) and (b) as a condition for granting a
variance except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section. If, after
the system's installation
[[Page 680]]
of the treatment method, the system cannot meet the MCL, that system
shall be eligible for a variance under the provisions of section
1415(a)(1)(A) of the Act.
(d) If a system can demonstrate through comprehensive engineering
assessments, which may include pilot plant studies, that the treament
methods identified in Sec. 142.62 (a) and (b) would only achieve a de
minimis reduction in contaminants, the State may issue a schedule of
compliance that requires the system being granted the variance to
examine other treatment methods as a condition of obtaining the
variance.
(e) If the State determines that a treatment method identified in
paragraph (d) of this section is technically feasible, the Administrator
or primacy State may require the system to install and/or use that
treatment method in connection with a compliance schedule issued under
the provisions of section 1415(a)(1)(A) of the Act. The State's
determination shall be based upon studies by the system and other
relevant information.
(f) The State may require a public water system to use bottled
water, point-of-use devices, point-of-entry devices or other means as a
condition of granting a variance or an exemption from the requirements
of Sec. Sec. 141.61 (a) and (c) and 141.62, to avoid an unreasonable
risk to health. The State may require a public water system to use
bottled water and point-of-use devices or other means, but not point-of-
entry devices, as a condition for granting an exemption from corrosion
control treatment requirements for lead and copper in Sec. Sec. 141.81
and 141.82 to avoid an unreasonable risk to health. The State may
require a public water system to use point-of-entry devices as a
condition for granting an exemption from the source water and lead
service line replacement requirements for lead and copper under
Sec. Sec. 141.83 or 141.84 to avoid an unreasonable risk to health.
(g) Public water systems that use bottled water as a condition for
receiving a variance or an exemption from the requirements of Sec. Sec.
141.61 (a) and (c) and 141.62, or an exemption from the requirements of
Sec. Sec. 141.81-141.84 must meet the requirements specified in either
paragraph (g)(1) or (g)(2) and paragraph (g)(3) of this section:
(1) The Administrator or primacy State must require and approve a
monitoring program for bottled water. The public water system must
develop and put in place a monitoring program that provides reasonable
assurances that the bottled water meets all MCLs. The public water
system must monitor a representative sample of the bottled water for all
contaminants regulated under Sec. Sec. 141.61 (a) and (c) and 141.62
during the first three-month period that it supplies the bottled water
to the public, and annually thereafter. Results of the monitoring
program shall be provided to the State annually.
(2) The public water system must receive a certification from the
bottled water company that the bottled water supplied has been taken
from an ``approved source'' as defined in 21 CFR 129.3(a); the bottled
water company has conducted monitoring in accordance with 21 CFR
129.80(g) (1) through (3); and the bottled water does not exceed any
MCLs or quality limits as set out in 21 CFR 165.110, part 110, and part
129. The public water system shall provide the certification to the
State the first quarter after it supplies bottled water and annually
thereafter. At the State's option a public water system may satisfy the
requirements of this subsection if an approved monitoring program is
already in place in another State.
(3) The public water system is fully responsible for the provision
of sufficient quantities of bottled water to every person supplied by
the public water system via door-to-door bottled water delivery.
(h) Public water systems that use point-of-use or point-of-entry
devices as a condition for obtaining a variance or an exemption from
NPDWRs must meet the following requirements:
(1) It is the responsibility of the public water system to operate
and maintain the point-of-use and/or point-of-entry treatment system.
(2) Before point-of-use or point-of-entry devices are installed, the
public water system must obtain the approval of a monitoring plan which
ensures
[[Page 681]]
that the devices provide health protection equivalent to that provided
by central water treatment.
(3) The public water system must apply effective technology under a
State-approved plan. The microbiological safety of the water must be
maintained at all times.
(4) The State must require adequate certification of performance,
field testing, and, if not included in the certification process, a
rigorous engineering design review of the point-of-use and/or point-of-
entry devices.
(5) The design and application of the point-of-use and/or point-of-
entry devices must consider the potential for increasing concentrations
of heterotrophic bacteria in water treated with activated carbon. It may
be necessary to use frequent backwashing, post-contactor disinfection,
and Heterotrophic Plate Count monitoring to ensure that the
microbiological safety of the water is not compromised.
(6) The State must be assured that buildings connected to the system
have sufficient point-of-use or point-of-entry devices that are properly
installed, maintained, and monitored such that all consumers will be
protected.
(7) In requiring the use of a point-of-entry device as a condition
for granting an exemption from the treatment requirements for lead and
copper under Sec. Sec. 141.83 or 141.84, the State must be assured that
use of the device will not cause increased corrosion of lead and copper
bearing materials located between the device and the tap that could
increase contaminant levels at the tap.
[56 FR 3596, Jan. 30, 1991, as amended at 56 FR 26563, June 7, 1991; 57
FR 31848, July 17, 1992; 59 FR 33864, June 30, 1994; 59 FR 34325, July
1, 1994; 66FR 7066, Jan. 22, 2001; 69 FR 38857, June 29, 2004]