[Title 49 CFR C]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - October 1, 2006 Edition]
[Title 49 - TRANSPORTATION]
[Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued)]
[Chapter II - FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF]
[Part 230 - STEAM LOCOMOTIVE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE STANDARDS]
[Subpart C - Steam Locomotives and Tenders]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
49TRANSPORTATION42006-10-012006-10-01falseSteam Locomotives and TendersCSubpart CTRANSPORTATIONOther Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued)FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OFSTEAM LOCOMOTIVE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE STANDARDS
Subpart C_Steam Locomotives and Tenders
Sec. 230.66 Design, construction, and maintenance.
The steam locomotive owner and operator are responsible for the
general design, construction and maintenance of the steam locomotives
and tenders under their control.
Sec. 230.67 Responsibility for inspection and repairs.
The steam locomotive owner and/or operator shall inspect and repair
all steam locomotives and tenders under their control. All defects
disclosed by any inspection shall be repaired in accordance with
accepted industry standards, which may include established railroad
practices, before the steam locomotive or tender is returned to service.
The steam locomotive owner and/or operator shall not return the steam
locomotive or tender to service unless they are in good condition and
safe and suitable for service.
Speed Indicators
Sec. 230.68 Speed indicators.
Steam locomotives that operate at speeds in excess of 20 miles per
hour over the general system of railroad transportation shall be
equipped with speed indicators. Where equipped, speed indicators shall
be maintained to ensure accurate functioning.
Ash Pans
Sec. 230.69 Ash pans.
Ash pans shall be securely supported from mud-rings or frames with
no part less than 2\1/2\ inches above the rail. Their operating
mechanism shall be so arranged that they may be safely operated and
securely closed.
Brake and Signal Equipment
Sec. 230.70 Safe condition.
(a) Pre-departure inspection. At the beginning of each day the
locomotive is used, the steam locomotive operator shall ensure that:
(1) The brakes on the steam locomotive and tender are in safe and
suitable condition for service;
(2) The air compressor or compressors are in condition to provide an
ample supply of air for the locomotive service intended;
(3) The devices for regulating all pressures are properly performing
their functions;
(4) The brake valves work properly in all positions; and
(5) The water has been drained from the air-brake system.
[[Page 447]]
(b) Brake pipe valve required. Each steam locomotive shall have a
brake pipe valve attached to the front of the tender, the rear of the
back cab wall, or adjacent to the exit of a vestibuled cab. The words
``Emergency Brake Valve'' shall be clearly displayed near the valve.
Sec. 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors.
(a) Frequency of testing. The compressor or compressors shall be
tested for capacity by orifice test as often as conditions may require,
but not less frequently than once every 92 service days.
(b) Orifice testing criteria. (1) Compressors in common use, as
listed in the following table, shall have orifice test criteria as
follows:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diameter of Air pressure
Make Compressor size Single strokes orifice (in maintained
per minute inches) (in pounds)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Westinghouse.......................... 9\1/2\.................. 120 \11/64\ 60
Westinghouse.......................... 11...................... 100 \3/16\ 60
Westinghouse.......................... 150 CFM 8\1/2\ CC....... 100 \9/32\ 60
Westinghouse.......................... 120 CFM 8\1/2\.......... 100 \15/64\ 60
New York.............................. 2a...................... 120 \5/32\ 60
New York.............................. 6a...................... 100 \13/64\ 60
New York.............................. 5b...................... 100 \15/64\ 60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: This table shall be used for altitudes to and including 1,000 feet. For altitudes over 1,000 feet the
speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase in altitude.
(2) For compressors not listed in the table in paragraph (b)(1) of
this section, the air pressure to be maintained shall be no less than 80
percent of the manufacturer's rated capacity for the compressor.
Sec. 230.72 Testing main reservoirs.
(a) Hammer and hydrostatic testing. Except as described in
paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section, every main reservoir, except
those cast integrally with the frame, shall be hammer and
hydrostatically tested during each annual inspection. The reservoir
shall be hammer tested while empty and with no pressure applied. If no
defective areas are detected, a hydrostatic test of MAWP shall be
applied.
(b) Drilling of main reservoirs. (1) Only welded main reservoir
originally constructed to withstand at least five times the MAWP may be
drilled over its entire surface with telltale holes that are \3/16\ of
an inch in diameter. The holes shall be spaced not more than 12 inches
apart, measured both longitudinally and circumferentially, and drilled
from the outer surface to an extreme depth determined by the following
formula:
D=(.6PR/(S-.6P))
Where:
D = Extreme depth of telltale holes in inches but in no case less than
one-sixteenth inch;
P = certified working pressure in psi;
S = \1/5\ of the minimum specified tensile strength of the material in
psi; and
R = inside radius of the reservoir in inches.
(2) One row of holes shall be drilled lengthwise of the reservoir on
a line intersecting the drain opening. When main reservoirs are drilled
as described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the hydrostatic and
hammer tests described in paragraph (a) of this section are not required
during the annual inspection. Whenever any telltale hole shall have
penetrated the interior of any reservoir, the reservoir shall be
permanently withdrawn from service.
(c) Welded main reservoirs without longitudinal lap seams. For
welded main reservoirs that do not have longitudinal lap seams, an
appropriate NDE method that can measure the wall thickness of the
reservoir may be used instead of the hammer test and hydrostatic test
required in paragraph (a) of this section. The spacing of the sampling
points for wall thickness shall not be greater than 12 inches
longitudinally and circumferentially. The reservoir shall permanently be
withdrawn from service where the NDE testing reveals wall thickness less
than the value determined by the following formula:
[[Page 448]]
t=(PR/(S-.6P)
Where:
t = Minimum value for wall thickness;
P = Certified working pressure in psi;
S = \1/5\ of the minimum specified tensile strength of the material in
psi, or 10,000 psi if the tensile strength is unknown; and
R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches.
(d) Welded or riveted longitudinal lap seam main reservoirs. (1) For
welded or riveted longitudinal lap seam main reservoirs, an appropriate
NDE method that can measure wall thickness of the reservoir shall be
used instead of, or in addition to, the hammer test and hydrostatic
test. The spacing of the sampling points for wall thickness shall not be
greater than 12 inches longitudinally and circumferentially. Particular
care shall be taken to measure along the longitudinal seam on both
plates at an interval of no more than 6 inches longitudinally. The
reservoir shall be withdrawn permanently from service where NDE testing
reveals wall thickness less than the value determined by the following
formula:
t=(PR/(0.5S-0.6P))
Where:
t = Minimum value for wall thickness;
P = Certified working pressure in psi;
S = \1/5\ of the minimum specified tensile strength of the material in
psi, or 10,000 psi if the tensile strength of steel is unknown; and
R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches.
(2) Repairs of reservoirs with reduced wall thickness are
prohibited.
Sec. 230.73 Air gauges.
(a) Location. Air gauges shall be so located that they may be
conveniently read by the engineer from his or her usual position in the
cab. No air gauge may be more than 3 psi in error.
(b) Frequency of testing. Air gauges shall be tested prior to
reapplication following removal, as well as during the 92 service day
inspection and whenever any irregularity is reported.
(c) Method of testing. Air gauges shall be tested using an accurate
test gauge or dead weight tester designed for this purpose.
Sec. 230.74 Time of cleaning.
All valves in the air brake system, including related dirt
collectors and filters, shall be cleaned and tested in accordance with
accepted brake equipment manufacturer's specifications, or as often as
conditions require to maintain them in a safe and suitable condition for
service, but not less frequently than after 368 service days or during
the second annual inspection, whichever occurs first.
Sec. 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and cleaning.
The date of testing and cleaning and the initials of the shop or
station at which the work is done, shall legibly be stenciled in a
conspicuous place on the tested parts or placed on a card displayed
under a transparent cover in the cab of the steam locomotive.
Sec. 230.76 Piston travel.
(a) Minimum piston travel. The minimum piston travel shall be
sufficient to provide proper brake shoe clearance when the brakes are
released.
(b) Maximum piston travel. The maximum piston travel when steam
locomotive is standing shall be as follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum
piston
Type of wheel brake travel (in
inches)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cam Type Driving Wheel Brake............................... 3\1/2\
Other forms of Driving Wheel Brake......................... 6
Engine Truck Brake......................................... 8
Tender Brake............................................... 9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 230.77 Foundation brake gear.
(a) Maintenance. Foundation brake gear shall be maintained in a safe
and suitable condition for service. Levers, rods, brake beams, hangers,
and pins shall be of ample strength, and shall not be fouled in any way
which will affect the proper operation of the brake. All pins shall be
properly secured in place with cotter pine, split keys, or nuts. Brake
shoes must be properly applied and kept approximately in line with the
tread of the wheel.
(b) Distance above the rails. No part of the foundation brake gear
of the steam locomotive or tender shall be less than 2\1/2\ inches above
the rails.
Sec. 230.78 Leakage.
(a) Main reservoirs and related piping. Leakage from main reservoir
and related piping shall be tested at every 92
[[Page 449]]
service day inspection and shall not exceed an average of 3 psi per
minute in a test of 3 minutes duration that is made after the pressure
has been reduced to 60 percent of the maximum operating pressure.
(b) Brake cylinders. Leakage from brake cylinders shall be tested at
every 92 service day inspection. With a full service application from
maximum brake pipe pressure, and with communication to the brake
cylinders closed, the brakes on the steam locomotive and tender must
remain applied for a minimum of 5 minutes.
(c) Brake pipes. Steam locomotive brake pipe leakage shall be tested
at the beginning of each day the locomotive is used, and shall not
exceed 5 psi per minute.
Sec. 230.79 Train signal system.
Where utilized, the train signal system, or any other form of on-
board communication, shall be tested and known to be in safe and
suitable condition for service at the beginning of each day the
locomotive is used.
Cabs, Warning Signals, Sanders and Lights
Sec. 230.80 Cabs.
(a) General provisions. Cabs shall be securely attached or braced
and maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. Cab windows
of steam locomotives shall provide an undistorted view of the track and
signals for the crew from their normal position in the cab. Cab floors
shall be kept free of tripping or slipping hazards. The cab climate
shall be maintained to provide an environment that does not unreasonably
interfere with the engine crew's performance of their duties under
ordinary conditions of service.
(b) Steam pipes. Steam pipes shall not be fastened to the cab. New
construction or renewals made of iron or steel pipe greater than \1/8\
inch NPS that are subject to boiler pressure in cabs shall have a
minimum wall thickness equivalent to schedule 80 pipe, with properly
rated valves and fittings. Live steam heating radiators must not be
fastened to the cab. Exhaust steam radiators may be fastened to the cab.
(c) Oil-burning steam locomotives. If the cab is enclosed, oil
burning steam locomotives that take air for combustion through the fire-
door opening shall have a suitable conduit extending from the fire-door
to the outside of the cab.
Sec. 230.81 Cab aprons.
(a) General provisions. Cab aprons shall be of proper length and
width to ensure safety. Cab aprons shall be securely hinged, maintained
in a safe and suitable condition for service, and roughened, or other
provision made, to afford secure footing.
(b) Width of apron. The cab apron shall be of a sufficient width to
prevent, when the drawbar is disconnected and the safety chains or the
safety bars are taut, the apron from dropping between the steam
locomotive and tender.
Sec. 230.82 Fire doors.
(a) General provisions. Each steam locomotive shall have a fire door
which shall latch securely when closed and which shall be maintained in
a safe and suitable condition for service. Fire doors on all oil-burning
locomotives shall be latched securely with a pin or key.
(b) Mechanically operated fire doors. Mechanically operated fire
doors shall be so constructed and maintained that they may be operated
by pressure of the foot on a pedal, or other suitable appliance, located
on the floor of the cab or tender at a suitable distance from the fire
door, so that they may be conveniently operated by the person firing the
steam locomotive.
(c) Hand-operated doors. Hand operated fire doors shall be so
constructed and maintained that they may be conveniently operated by the
person firing the steam locomotive.
Sec. 230.83 Cylinder cocks.
Each steam locomotive shall be equipped with cylinder cocks which
can be operated from the cab of the steam locomotive. All cylinder cocks
shall be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service.
[[Page 450]]
Sec. 230.84 Sanders.
Steam locomotives shall be equipped with operable sanders that
deposit sand on the rail head in front of a set of driving wheels.
Sanders shall be tested at the beginning of each day the locomotive is
used.
Sec. 230.85 Audible warning device.
(a) General provisions. Each steam locomotive shall be equipped with
an audible warning device that produces a minimum sound level of 96db(A)
at 100 feet in front of the steam locomotive in its direction of travel.
The device shall be arranged so that it may conveniently be operated by
the engineer from his or her normal position in the cab.
(b) Method of measurement. Measurement of the sound level shall be
made using a sound level meter conforming, at a minimum, to the
requirements of ANSI S1.4-1971, Type 2, and set to an A-weighted slow
response. While the steam locomotive is on level, tangent track, the
microphone shall be positioned 4 feet above the ground at the center
line of the track and shall be oriented with respect to the sound source
in accordance with the microphone manufacturer's recommendations.
Sec. 230.86 Required illumination.
(a) General provisions. Each steam locomotive used between sunset
and sunrise shall be equipped with an operable headlight that provides
illumination sufficient for a steam locomotive engineer in the cab to
see, in a clear atmosphere, a dark object as large as a man of average
size standing at least 800 feet ahead and in front of such headlight. If
a steam locomotive is regularly required to run backward for any portion
of its trip other than to pick up a detached portion of its train or to
make terminal movements, it shall also be equipped on its rear end with
an operable headlight that is capable of providing the illumination
described in this paragraph (a).
(b) Dimming device. Such headlights shall be provided with a device
whereby the light from same may be diminished in yards and at stations
or when meeting trains.
(c) Where multiple locomotives utilized. When two or more
locomotives are used in the same train, the leading locomotive only will
be required to display a headlight.
Sec. 230.87 Cab lights.
Each steam locomotive shall have cab lights that sufficiently
illuminate the control instruments, meters and gauges to allow the
engine crew to make accurate readings from their usual and proper
positions in the cab. These lights shall be so located and constructed
that the light will shine only on those parts requiring illumination and
does not interfere with the engine crew's vision of the track and
signals. Each steam locomotive shall also have a conveniently located
additional lamp that can be readily turned on and off by the persons
operating the steam locomotive and that provides sufficient illumination
to read train orders and timetables.
Throttles and Reversing Gear
Sec. 230.88 Throttles.
Throttles shall be maintained in safe and suitable condition for
service, and efficient means shall be provided to hold the throttle
lever in any desired position.
Sec. 230.89 Reverse gear.
(a) General provisions. Reverse gear, reverse levers, and quadrants
shall be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service.
Reverse lever latch shall be so arranged that it can be easily
disengaged, and provided with a spring which will keep it firmly seated
in quadrant. Proper counterbalance shall be provided for the valve gear.
(b) Air-operated power reverse gear. Steam locomotives that are
equipped with air operated power reverse gear shall be equipped with a
connection whereby such gear may be operated by steam or by an auxiliary
supply of air in case of failure of the main reservoir air pressure. The
operating valve handle for such connection shall be conveniently located
in the cab of the locomotive and shall be plainly marked. If an
independent air reservoir is used as the source of the auxiliary supply
[[Page 451]]
for the reverse gear, it shall be provided with means to automatically
prevent loss of pressure in event of failure of the main reservoir air
pressure.
(c) Power reverse gear reservoirs. Power reverse gear reservoirs, if
provided, must be equipped with the means to automatically prevent the
loss of pressure in the event of a failure of main air pressure and have
storage capacity for not less than one complete operating cycle of
control equipment.
Draw Gear and Draft Systems
Sec. 230.90 Draw gear between steam locomotive and tender.
(a) Maintenance and testing. The draw gear between the steam
locomotive and tender, together with the pins and fastenings, shall be
maintained in safe and suitable condition for service. The pins and
drawbar shall be removed and tested for defects using an appropriate NDE
method at every annual inspection. Where visual inspection does not
disclose any defects, an additional NDE testing method shall be
employed. Suitable means for securing the drawbar pins in place shall be
provided. Inverted drawbar pins shall be held in place by plate or
stirrup.
(b) Safety bars and chains generally. One or more safety bar(s) or
two or more safety chains shall be provided between the steam locomotive
and tender. The combined strength of the safety chains or safety bar(s)
and their fastenings shall be not less than 50 percent of the strength
of the drawbar and its connections. These shall be maintained in safe
and suitable condition for service, and inspected at the same time draw
gear is inspected.
(c) Minimum length of safety chains or bars. Safety chains or safety
bar(s) shall be of the minimum length consistent with the curvature of
the railroad on which the steam locomotive is operated.
(d) Lost motion. Lost motion between steam locomotives and tenders
not equipped with spring buffers shall be kept to a minimum and shall
not exceed \1/2\ inch.
(e) Spring buffers. When spring buffers are used between steam
locomotives and tenders the spring shall be applied with not less than
\3/4\ inch compression, and shall at all times be under sufficient
compression to keep the chafing faces in contact.
Sec. 230.91 Chafing irons.
Chafing irons that permit proper curving shall be securely attached
to the steam locomotive and tender, and shall be maintained to permit
lateral and vertical movement.
Sec. 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems.
Couplers, draft gear and attachments on steam locomotives and
tenders shall be securely fastened, and maintained in safe and suitable
condition for service.
Driving Gear
Sec. 230.93 Pistons and piston rods.
(a) Maintenance and testing. Pistons and piston rods shall be
maintained in safe and suitable condition for service. Piston rods shall
be inspected for cracks each time they are removed, and shall be renewed
if found defective.
(b) Fasteners. Fasteners (keys, nuts, etc.) shall be kept tight and
shall have some means to prevent them from loosening or falling out of
place.
Sec. 230.94 Crossheads.
Crossheads shall be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for
service, with not more than \1/4\ inch vertical or \5/16\ inch lateral
clearance between crossheads and guides.
Sec. 230.95 Guides.
Guides shall be securely fastened and maintained in a safe and
suitable condition for service.
Sec. 230.96 Main, side, and valve motion rods.
(a) General. Main, side or valve motion rods developing cracks or
becoming otherwise defective shall be removed from service immediately
and repaired or renewed.
(b) Repairs. Repairs, and welding of main, side or valve motion rods
shall be made in accordance with an accepted national standard. The
steam locomotive owner and/or operator shall submit a written request
for approval to the FRA Regional Administrator prior to welding
defective main rods, side rods, and valve gear components.
[[Page 452]]
(c) Bearings and bushings. Bearings and bushings shall so fit the
rods as to be in a safe and suitable condition for service, and means
shall be provided to prevent bushings from turning in the rod. Straps
shall fit and be securely bolted to rods. Floating bushings need not be
provided with means to prevent bushings from turning.
(d) Side motion of rods. The total amount of side motion of each rod
on its crank pin shall not exceed \1/4\ inch.
(e) Oil and grease cups. Oil and grease cups shall be securely
attached to rods, and grease cup plugs shall be equipped with a suitable
fastening that will prevent them from being ejected.
(f) Main rod bearings. The bore of main rod bearings shall not
exceed pin diameters more than \3/32\ inch at front or back end. The
total lost motion at both ends shall not exceed \5/32\ inch.
(g) Side rod bearings. The bore of side rod bearings shall not
exceed pin diameters more than \5/32\ inch on main pin nor more than \3/
16\ inch on other pins.
Sec. 230.97 Crank pins.
(a) General provisions. Crank pins shall be securely applied.
Securing the fit of a loose crank pin by shimming, prick punching, or
welding is not permitted.
(b) Maintenance. Crank pin collars and collar fasteners shall be
maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service.
Running Gear
Sec. 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles.
(a) Condemning defects. Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles
with any of the following defects shall be removed from service
immediately and repaired (see appendix A of this part for inspection
requirements):
(1) Bent axle;
(2) Cut journals that cannot be made to run cool without turning;
(3) Transverse seams in iron or steel axles;
(4) Seams in axles causing journals to run hot;
(5) Axles that are unsafe on account of usage, accident or
derailment;
(6) Any axle worn \1/2\ inch or more in diameter below the original/
new journal diameter, except as provided in paragraph (a)(7) of this
section;
(7) Any driving axles other than main driving axles with an original
or new diameter greater than 6 inches that are worn \3/4\ inch or more
in diameter below the original/new diameter.
(b) Journal diameter stamped. For steam locomotives with plain
bearings, the original/new journal diameter shall be stamped on one end
of the axle no later than January 18, 2005.
Sec. 230.99 Tender truck axles.
The minimum diameters of axles for various axle loads shall be as
follows:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum Minimum Minimum
diameter of diameter of diameter of
Axle load (in pounds) journal (in wheel seat center (in
inches) (in inches) inches)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000........................................................... 5\1/2\ 7\3/8\ 6\7/16\
38000........................................................... 5 6\3/4\ 5\7/8\
31000........................................................... 4\1/2\ 6\1/4\ 5\5/16\
22000........................................................... 3\3/4\ 5 4\3/8\
15000........................................................... 3\1/4\ 4\5/8\ 3\7/8\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and journals.
(a) Tender truck axle condemning defects. Tender truck axles with
any of the following defects shall be removed from service immediately
and repaired:
(1) Axles that are bent;
(2) Collars that are broken, cracked, or worn to \1/4\ inch or less
in thickness;
(3) Truck axles that are unsafe on account of usage, accident, or
derailment;
(4) A fillet in the back shoulder that is worn out; or
[[Page 453]]
(5) A gouge between the wheel seats that is more than \1/8\ of an
inch in depth.
(b) Tender truck journal condemning defects. Tender truck journals
with any of the following defects shall be removed from service
immediately and repaired :
(1) Cut journals that cannot be made to run cool without turning;
(2) Seams in axles causing journals to run hot;
(3) Overheating, as evidenced by pronounced blue black
discoloration;
(4) Transverse seams in journals of iron or steel axles; or
(5) Journal surfaces having any of the following:
(i) A circumferential score;
(ii) Corrugation;
(iii) Pitting;
(iv) Rust;
(v) Etching.
Sec. 230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal boxes.
(a) Driving journal boxes. Driving journal boxes shall be maintained
in a safe and suitable condition for service. Not more than one shim may
be used between the box and bearing.
(b) Broken bearings. Broken bearings shall be renewed.
(c) Loose bearings. Loose bearings shall be repaired or renewed.
Sec. 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes.
Plain bearing journal boxes with the following defects shall be
removed from service immediately and repaired:
(a) A box that does not contain visible free oil;
(b) A box lid that is missing, broken, or open except to receive
servicing;
(c) A box containing foreign matter, such as dirt, sand, or coal
dust that can reasonably be expected to damage the bearing; or have a
detrimental effect on the lubrication of the journal and bearing;
(d) A lubricating pad that:
(1) Is missing;
(2) Is not in contact with the journal;
(3) Has a tear extending half the length or width of the pad, or
more, except by design;
(4) Shows evidence of having been scorched, burned, or glazed;
(5) Contains decaying or deteriorated fabric that impairs proper
lubrication of the pad;
(6) Has an exposed center core (except by design); or
(7) Has metal parts contacting the journal;
(e) A plain bearing that:
(1) Is missing, cracked, broken;
(2) Has a bearing liner loose;
(3) Has a broken out piece; or
(4) Has indications of having been overheated, as evidenced by:
(i) Melted babbitt:
(ii) Smoke from hot oil; or
(iii) Journal surface damage; or
(f) A plain bearing wedge that:
(1) Is missing, cracked or broken; or
(2) Is not located in its design position.
Sec. 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes.
Tender roller bearing journal boxes shall be maintained in a safe
and suitable condition.
Sec. 230.104 Driving box shoes and wedges.
Driving box shoes and wedges shall be maintained in a safe and
suitable condition for service.
Sec. 230.105 Lateral motion.
(a) Condemning limits. The total lateral motion or play between the
hubs of the wheels and the boxes on any pair of wheels shall not exceed
the following limits:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inches
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine truck wheels (with swing centers)....................... 1
Engine truck wheels (with rigid centers)....................... 1\1/2\
Trailing truck wheels.......................................... 1
Driving wheels................................................. \3/4\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Limits increased. These limits may be increased on steam
locomotives operating on track where the curvature exceeds 20 degrees
when it can be shown that conditions require additional lateral motion.
(c) Non-interference with other parts. The lateral motion shall in
all cases be kept within such limits that the driving wheels, rods, or
crank pins will not interfere with other parts of the steam locomotive.
[[Page 454]]
Trucks, Frames and Equalizing System
Sec. 230.106 Steam locomotive frame.
(a) Maintenance and inspection. Frames, decks, plates, tailpieces,
pedestals, and braces shall be maintained in a safe and suitable
condition for service, and shall be cleaned and thoroughly inspected as
often as necessary to maintain in a safe and suitable condition for
service with cleaning intervals, in any case, not to exceed every 1472
service days.
(b) Broken frames. Broken frames properly patched or secured by
clamps or other suitable means which restores the rigidity of the frame
are permitted.
Sec. 230.107 Tender frame and body.
(a) Maintenance. Tender frames shall be maintained in a safe and
suitable condition for service.
(b) Height difference. The difference in height between the deck on
the tender and the cab floor or deck on the steam locomotive shall not
exceed 1\1/2\ inches.
(c) Gangway minimum width. The minimum width of the gangway between
steam locomotive and tender, while standing on tangent track, shall be
16 inches.
(d) Tender frame condemning defects. A tender frame with any of the
following defects shall be removed from service immediately and
repaired:
(1) Portions of the tender frame or body (except wheels) that have
less than a 2\1/2\ inches clearance from the top of rail;
(2) Tender center sill that is broken, cracked more than 6 inches,
or permanently bent or buckled more than 2\1/2\ inches in any six foot
length;
(3) Tender coupler carrier that is broken or missing;
(4) Tender center plate, any portion of which is missing or broken
or that is not properly secured; or
(5) Tender that has a broken side sill, crossbearer, or body
bolster.
Sec. 230.108 Steam locomotive leading and trailing trucks.
(a) Maintenance. Trucks shall be maintained in safe and suitable
condition for service. Center plates shall fit properly, and the male
center plate shall extend into the female center plate not less than \3/
4\ inch. All centering devices shall be properly maintained and shall
not permit lost motion in excess of \1/2\ inch.
(b) Safety chain required. A suitable safety chain shall be provided
at each front corner of all four wheel engine trucks.
(c) Clearance required. All parts of trucks shall have sufficient
clearance to prevent them from interfering with any other part of the
steam locomotive.
Sec. 230.109 Tender trucks.
(a) Tender truck frames. A tender truck frame shall not be broken,
or have a crack in a stress area that affects its structural integrity.
Tender truck center plates shall be securely fastened, maintained in a
safe and suitable condition for service, and provided with a center pin
properly secured. The male center plate must extend into the female
center plate at least \3/4\ inch. Shims may be used between truck center
plates.
(b) Tender truck bolsters. Truck bolsters shall be maintained
approximately level.
(c) Condemning defects for springs or spring rigging. Springs or
spring rigging with any of the following defects shall be taken out of
service immediately and renewed or properly repaired:
(1) An elliptical spring with its top (long) leaf or any other five
leaves in the entire spring pack broken;
(2) A broken coil spring or saddle;
(3) A coil spring that is fully compressed;
(4) A broken or cracked equalizer, hanger, bolt, gib or pin;
(5) A broken coil spring saddle; and
(6) A semi-elliptical spring with a top (long) leaf broken or two
leaves in the top half broken, or any three leaves in the entire spring
broken.
(d) Tender securing arrangement. Where equipped, tender devices and/
or securing arrangements intended to prevent the truck and tender body
from separating in case of derailment shall be maintained in a safe and
suitable condition for service.
(e) Side bearings and truck centering devices. Where equipped, side
bearings and truck centering devices shall be
[[Page 455]]
maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service.
(f) Friction side bearings. Friction side bearings shall not be run
in contact, and shall not be considered to be in contact if there is
clearance between them on either side when measured on tangent level
track.
(g) Side bearings. All rear trucks shall be equipped with side
bearings. When the spread of side bearings is 50 inches, their maximum
clearance shall be \3/8\ inch on each side for rear trucks and \3/4\
inch on each side for front trucks, where used. When the spread of the
side bearings is increased, the maximum clearance shall be increased
proportionately.
Sec. 230.110 Pilots.
(a) General provisions. Pilots shall be securely attached, properly
braced, and maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service.
(b) Minimum and maximum clearance. The minimum clearance of pilot
above the rail shall be 3 inches and the maximum clearance shall be 6
inches measured on tangent level track.
Sec. 230.111 Spring rigging.
(a) Arrangement of springs and equalizers. Springs and equalizers
shall be arranged to ensure the proper distribution of weight to the
various wheels of the steam locomotive, maintained approximately level
and in a safe and suitable condition for service. Adjusting weights by
shifting weights from one pair of wheels to another is permissible.
(b) Spring or spring rigging condemning defects. Springs or spring
rigging with any of the following defects shall be removed from service
immediately and renewed or properly repaired:
(1) Top leaf broken or two leaves in top half or any three leaves in
spring broken. (The long side of a spring to be considered the top.)
Broken springs not exceeding these requirements may be repaired by
applying clips providing the clips can be made to remain in place;
(2) Any spring with leaves excessively shifting in the band;
(3) Broken coil springs; or
(4) Broken driving box saddle, equalizer, hanger, bolt, or pin.
Wheels and Tires
Sec. 230.112 Wheels and tires.
(a) Mounting. Wheels shall be securely mounted on axles. Prick
punching or shimming the wheel fit will not be permitted. The diameter
of wheels on the same axle shall not vary more than \3/32\ inch.
(b) Gage. Wheels used on standard gage track will be out of gage if
the inside gage of flanges, measured on base line is less than 53 inches
or more than 53\3/8\ inches. Wheels used on less than standard gage
track will be out of gage if the inside gage of flanges, measured on
base line, is less than the relevant track gage less 3\1/2\ inches or
more than the relevant track gage less 3\1/8\ inches.
(c) Flange distance variance. The distance back to back of flanges
of wheels mounted on the same axle shall not vary more than \1/4\ inch.
(d) Tire thickness. Wheels may not have tires with a minimum
thickness less than that indicated in the table in this paragraph (d).
When retaining rings are used, measurements of tires to be taken from
the outside circumference of the ring, and the minimum thickness of
tires may be as much below the limits specified earlier in this
paragraph (d) as the tires extend between the retaining rings, provided
it does not reduce the thickness of the tire to less than 1\1/8\ inches
from the throat of flange to the counterbore for the retaining rings.
The required minimum thickness for tires, by wheel center diameter and
weight per axle, is as follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight per axle (weight on drivers Minimum
divided by number of pairs of Diameter of wheel thickness
driving wheels) center (inches) (inches)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
30,000 pounds and under............ 44 and under.......... 1\1/4\
Over 44 to 50......... 1\5/16\
Over 50 to 56......... 1\3/8\
Over 56 to 62......... 1\7/16\
Over 62 to 68......... 1\1/2\
Over 68 to 74......... 1\9/16\
[[Page 456]]
Over 74............... 1\5/8\
Over 30,000 to 35,000 pounds....... 44 and under.......... 1\5/16\
Over 44 to 50......... 1\3/8\
Over 50 to 56......... 1\7/16\
Over 56 to 62......... 1\1/2\
Over 62 to 68......... 1\9/16\
Over 68 to 74......... 1\5/8\
Over 74............... 1\11/16\
Over 35,000 to 40,000 pounds....... 44 and under.......... 1\3/8\
Over 44 to 50......... 1\7/16\
Over 50 to 56......... 1\1/2\
Over 56 to 62......... 1\9/16\
Over 62 to 68......... 1\5/8\
Over 68 to 74......... 1\11/16\
Over 74............... 1\3/4\
Over 40,000 to 45,000 pounds....... 44 and under.......... 1\7/16\
Over 44 to 50......... 1\1/2\
Over 50 to 56......... 1\9/16\
Over 56 to 62......... 1\5/8\
Over 62 to 68......... 1\11/16\
Over 68 to 74......... 1\3/4\
Over 74............... 1\13/16\
Over 45,000 to 50,000 pounds....... 44 and under.......... 1\1/2\
Over 44 to 50......... 1\9/16\
Over 50 to 56......... 1\5/8\
Over 56 to 62......... 1\11/16\
Over 62 to 68......... 1\3/4\
Over 68 to 74......... 1\13/16\
Over 74............... 1\7/8\
Over 50,000 to 55,000 pounds....... 44 and under.......... 1\9/16\
Over 44 to 50......... 1\5/8\
Over 50 to 56......... 1\11/16\
Over 56 to 62......... 1\3/4\
Over 62 to 68......... 1\13/16\
Over 68 to 74......... 1\7/8\
Over 74............... 1\15/16\
Over 55,000 pounds................. 44 and under.......... 1\5/8\
Over 44 to 50......... 1\11/16\
Over 50 to 56......... 1\3/4\
Over 56 to 62......... 1\13/16\
Over 62 to 68......... 1\7/8\
Over 68 to 74......... 1\15/16\
Over 74............... 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(e) Tire width. Flanged tires shall be no less than 5\1/2\ inches
wide for standard gage and no less than 5 inches wide for narrow gage.
Plain tires shall be no less than 6 inches wide for standard gage and no
less than 5\1/2\ inches wide for narrow gage.
Sec. 230.113 Wheels and tire defects.
Steam locomotive and tender wheels or tires developing any of the
defects listed in this section shall be removed from service immediately
and repaired. Except as provided in Sec. 230.114, welding on wheels and
tires is prohibited. A wheel that has been welded is a welded wheel for
the life of the wheel.
(a) Cracks or breaks. Wheels and tires may not have a crack or break
in the flange, tread, rim, plate, hub or brackets.
(b) Flat spots. Wheels and tires may not have a single flat spot
that is 2\1/2\ inches or more in length, or two adjoining spots that are
each two or more inches in length.
(c) Chipped flange. Wheels and tires may not have a gouge or chip in
the flange that is more than 1\1/2\ inches in length and \1/2\ inch in
width.
(d) Broken rims. Wheels and tires may not have a circumferentially
broken rim if the tread, measured from the flange at a point \5/8\ inch
above the tread, is less than 3\3/4\ inches in width.
(e) Shelled-out spots. Wheels and tires may not have a shelled-out
spot 2\1/2\ inches or more in length, or two adjoining spots that are
each two or more
[[Page 457]]
inches in length, or so numerous as to endanger the safety of the wheel.
(f) Seams. Wheels and tires may not have a seam running lengthwise
that is within 3\3/4\ inches of the flange.
(g) Worn flanges. Wheels and tires may not have a flange worn to a
\15/16\ inch thickness or less, as measured at a point \3/8\ inch above
the tread.
(h) Worn treads. Wheels and tires may not have a tread worn hollow
\5/16\ inch or more.
(i) Flange height. Wheels and tires may not have a flange height of
less than 1 inch nor more than 1\1/2\ inches, as measured from the tread
to the top of the flange.
(j) Rim thickness. Wheels may not have rims less than 1 inch thick.
(k) Wheel diameter. Wheels may not have wheel diameter variance, for
wheels on the same axle or in the same driving wheel base, greater than
\3/32\ inch, when all tires are turned or new tires applied to driving
and trailing wheels. When a single tire is applied, the diameter must
not vary more than \3/32\ inch from that of the opposite wheel on the
same axle. When a single pair of tires is applied the diameter must be
within \3/32\ inch of the average diameter of the wheels in the driving
wheel base to which they are applied.
Sec. 230.114 Wheel centers.
(a) Filling blocks and shims. Driving and trailing wheel centers
with divided rims shall be properly fitted with iron or steel filling
blocks before the tires are applied, and such filling blocks shall be
properly maintained. When shims are inserted between the tire and the
wheel center, not more than two thicknesses of shims may be used, one of
which must extend entirely around the wheel. The shim which extends
entirely around the wheel may be in three or four pieces, providing they
do not lap.
(b) Wheel center condemning defects. Wheel centers with any of the
following defects shall be removed from service immediately and
repaired:
(1) Wheels centers loose on axle;
(2) Broken or defective tire fastenings;
(3) Broken or cracked hubs, plates, bolts or spokes, except as
provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section; or
(4) Driving or trailing wheel center with three adjacent spokes or
25 percent or more of the spokes in the wheel broken.
(c) Wheel center repairs. Wheel centers may be repaired by welding
or brazing provided that the defect can properly be so repaired and,
following the repair, the crankpin and axle shall remain tight in the
wheel. Banding of the hub is permitted.
(d) Counterbalance maintenance. Wheel counterbalances shall be
maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service.
Steam Locomotive Tanks
Sec. 230.115 Feed water tanks.
(a) General provisions. Tanks shall be maintained free from leaks,
and in safe and suitable condition for service. Suitable screens must be
provided for tank wells or tank hose and shall be maintained in a manner
that allows the unobstructed flow of water. Feed water tanks shall be
equipped with a device that permits the measurement of the quantity of
water in the tender feed water tank from the cab or tender deck of the
steam locomotive. Such device shall be properly maintained.
(b) Inspection frequency. As often as conditions warrant but not
less frequently than every 92 service days, the interior of the tank
shall be inspected, and cleaned if necessary.
(c) Top of tender. Top of tender behind fuel space shall be kept
clean, and means provided to carry off excess water. Suitable covers
shall be provided for filling holes.
Sec. 230.116 Oil tanks.
The oil tanks on oil burning steam locomotives shall be maintained
free from leaks. The oil supply pipe shall be equipped with a safety
cut-off device that:
(a) Is located adjacent to the fuel supply tank or in another safe
location;
(b) Closes automatically when tripped and that can be reset without
hazard; and
(c) Can be hand operated from clearly marked locations, one inside
the cab and one accessible from the ground on
[[Page 458]]
each exterior side of the steam locomotive.
Appendix A to Part 230--Inspection Requirements
The lists in this appendix are intended as guidance only. Adherence
to this list does not relieve the steam locomotive owner and/or operator
of responsibility for either: (1) Completing the inspection and
maintenance requirements described in this part; or (2) ensuring that
the steam locomotive, tender and its parts and appurtenances are safe
and suitable for service.
Daily Inspection Requirements; Sec. 230.13
1. Observance of lifting pressure of the lowest safety valve.
2. Testing of water glasses and gauge cocks.*
3. Inspection of tubular water glass shields.
4. Inspection of all cab lamps.*
5. Inspection of boiler feedwater delivery systems.*
6. Inspection of lagging for indication of leaks.
7. Inspection for leaks obstructing vision of engine crew.
8. Observance of compressor(s) and governor to ascertain proper
operation.*
9. Inspection of brake and signal equipment.*
10. Inspection of brake cylinders for piston travel.
11. Inspection of foundation brake gear.
12. Inspection of sanders.*
13. Inspection of draw gear and chafing irons.
14. Inspection of draft gear.
15. Inspection of crossheads and guides.
16. Inspection of piston rods and fasteners.
17. Inspection of main, side, and valve motion rods.
18. Inspection of headlights and classification lamps.*
19. Inspection of running gear.
20. Inspection of tender frames and tanks.
21. Inspection of tender trucks for amount of side bearing
clearance.
Note: All items marked (*) should be checked at the beginning of
each day the locomotive is used.
31 Service Day Inspection Requirements; Sec. 230.14
1. Washing of boiler.
2. Cleaning and inspection of water glass valves and gauge cocks.
3. Cleaning, washing and inspection of arch tubes, water bar tubes,
circulators and siphons.
4. Removal and inspection of all washout and water tube plugs.
5. Testing of all staybolts.
6. Removal, cleaning and inspection of fusible plugs (if any).
92 Service Day Inspection Requirements; Sec. 230.15
1. Removal and testing of all air and steam gauges.
2. Cleaning of steam gauge siphon pipe.
3. Renewal of tubular water glasses.
4. Testing and adjusting of safety relief valves.
5. Testing of main reservoir and brake cylinder leakage.
6. Entering and inspection of tender tank interior.
Annual Inspection Requirements; Sec. 230.16
1. Testing of thickness of arch and water bar tubes (arch brick to
be removed)
2. Hydrostatic testing of boiler.
3. Testing of all staybolts.
4. Interior inspection of boiler.
5. Thickness verification of dry pipes.
6. Smoke box inspection.
7. Main reservoir hammer or UT testing and hydrostatic testing (for
non-welded and drilled main reservoirs)
8. Removal and inspection of steam locomotive drawbar(s) and pins
(NDE testing other than merely visual)
9. Inspection of longitudinal lap joint boiler seams.
5 Year Inspection Requirements; Sec. 230.16
1. Inspection of flexible staybolt caps and sleeves.
1472 Service Day Inspection Requirements; Sec. 230.17
1. Removal of boiler flues (as necessary) and cleaning of boiler
interior.
2. Removal of jacket and lagging and inspection of boiler interior
and exterior.
3. Hydrostatic testing of boiler.
4. Thickness verification (boiler survey) and recomputation and
update of steam locomotive specification card, (FRA Form No. 4).
[[Page 459]]
Appendix B to Part 230--Diagrams and Drawings
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Appendix C to Part 230--FRA Inspection Forms
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[64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 70 FR 41996, July 21, 2005]
Appendix D to Part 230--Civil Penalty Schedule
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Willful
Section Violation violation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart A--General
230.11 Repair of non-complying conditions:
(a) Failure to repair non-complying $1,000 $2,500
steam locomotive prior to use in
service................................
(b) Failure of owner and/or operator to 1,000 1,500
approve repairs made prior to use of
steam locomotive.......................
230.12 Movement of non-complying steam (\1\) (\1\)
locomotive:
230.13 Daily inspection:
(a) (b):
(1) Inspection overdue.............. 1,500 3,000
[[Page 489]]
(2) Inspection not performed by 1,000 1,500
qualified person...................
(c) Inspection report not made, 1,000 1,500
improperly executed or not retained....
230.14 Thirty-one service day inspection:
(a):
(1) Inspection overdue.............. 1,500 3,000
(2) Inspection not performed by
qualified person...................
(b) Failure to notify FRA............... 1,000 1,500
(c) Inspection report not made, 1,000 1,500
improperly executed, not properly filed
230.15 Ninety-two service day inspection:
(a):
(1) Inspection overdue.............. 1,500 3,000
(2) Inspection not performed by 1,000 1,500
qualified person...................
(b) Inspection report not made, 1,000 1,500
improperly executed, not properly filed
230.16 Annual inspection:
(a):
(1) Inspection overdue.............. 1,500 3,000
(2) Inspection not performed by 1,000 1,500
qualified person...................
(b) Failure to notify FRA............... 1,000 1,500
(c) Inspection report not made, 1,000 1,500
improperly executed, not properly filed
230.17 One thousand four hundred seventy-two
service day inspection:
(a):
(1) Inspection overdue.............. 1,500 3,000
(2) Inspection not performed by 1,250 2,000
qualified person...................
(b) Inspection report not made, 1,000 1,500
improperly executed, not properly
maintained, not properly filed.........
230.18 Service days:
(a) Service day record not available for 1,000 1,500
inspection.............................
(b) Failure to file service day report 1,000 1,500
with FRA Regional Administrator........
(c) Failure to complete all 1,472 1,500 3,000
service day inspection items prior to
returning retired steam locomotive to
service................................
230.19 Posting of forms:
(a) FRA Form No. 1:
(1) FRA Form No. 1 not properly 1,000 1,500
filled out.........................
(2) FRA Form No. 1 not properly 1,000 1,500
displayed..........................
(b) FRA Form No. 3:
(1) FRA Form No. 3 not properly 1,000 1,500
filled out.........................
(2) FRA Form No. 3 not properly 1,000 1,500
displayed..........................
230.20 Alteration and repair reports:
(a) Alterations:
(1) Failure to properly file FRA 1,000 1,500
Form No. 19 with FRA Regional
Administrator......................
(2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly 1,000 1,500
filled out.........................
(3) FRA Form No. 19 not properly 1,000 1,500
maintained.........................
(b) Repairs to unstayed portions of the
boiler:
(1) FRA Form No. 19 not properly 1,000 1,500
filled out.........................
(2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly 1,000 1,500
maintained.........................
(c) Repairs to stayed portions of the
boiler:
(1) FRA Form No. 19 not properly 1,000 1,500
filled out.........................
(2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly 1,000 1,500
maintained.........................
230.21 Failure to properly document steam 1,000 1,500
locomotive number Change...................
Subpart B--Boilers and Appurtenances
230.22 Failure to properly report accident 1,500 2,500
resulting from failure of steam locomotive
boiler or part or appurtenance thereof.....
230.23 Responsibility for general
construction and safe working pressure:
(a) Failure to properly establish safe 5,000 10,000
working pressure for steam locomotive
boiler.................................
(b) Placing steam locomotive in service 5,000 10,000
before safe working pressure for boiler
has been established...................
230.24 Maximum allowable stress values on
boiler components:
(a) Use of materials not of sufficient 1,000 2,000
tensile strength.......................
(b) Use of a safety factor value of less 2,000 4,000
than 4 when using the code of original
construction in boiler calculations....
230.25 Maximum allowable stresses on stays
and braces:
(a) Exceeding allowable stress values on 1,000 2,000
fire box and/or combustion chamber.....
(b) Exceeding allowable stress values on 1,000 2,000
round, rectangular or gusset braces....
230.29 Inspection and repair:
(a):
(1) Failure of owner and/or operator 1,500 3,000
to inspect and repair any steam
locomotive boiler and/or
appurtenance under control thereof.
(2) Failure to remove steam 2,500 5,000
locomotive from service when
considered necessary to do so......
(b):
(1) Failure of perform repairs in 2,000 4,000
accordance with accepted industry
standards..........................
[[Page 490]]
(2) Owner and/or operator returning 2,000 4,000
steam locomotive boiler and/or
appurtenances to service before
they are in good condition and safe
and suitable for service...........
230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers, Failure to 2,000 4,000
properly inspect...........................
230.31 Flues to be removed:
(a):
(1) Failure to remove all flues when 1,500 3,000
inspecting boiler..................
(2) Failure to enter boiler and 1,500 3,000
clean and inspect..................
(b) Failure to remove superheater flues 1,000 2,000
when deemed necessary to do so.........
230.32 Time and method of inspection:
(a) Failure to perform 1,472 service day 1,500 3,000
inspection when required to do so......
(b) Failure to properly inspect boiler 1,500 3,000
during 1,472 service day inspection....
230.33 Welded repairs and alterations:
(a) Failure to obtain permission before 1,500 3,000
welding on unstayed portions of boiler
containing alloy or carbon steel with
carbon content over .25 percent carbon.
(b) Failure to perform welding on 1,500 3,000
unstayed portions of boiler containing
carbon steel not exceeding .25 percent
carbon in accordance with a nationally
accepted standard for boiler repairs...
(c):
(1) Failure to submit written 1,500 3,000
request for approval before
performing weld buildup on wasted
areas of unstayed boiler surfaces
that exceed 100 square inches or
the smaller of 25 percent of
minimum required wall thickness or
\1/2\ inch.........................
(2) Repairing wasted sheets......... 1,500 3,000
230.34 Riveted repairs and alterations:
(a) Failure to obtain approval before 1,500 3,000
making riveted alterations on unstayed
portions of the boiler; failure to do
riveting in accordance with established
railroad practices or accepted national
standards for boiler repairs...........
(b) Failure to perform riveted repairs 1,500 3,000
on unstayed boiler portions in
accordance with established railroad
practices or accepted national
standards for boiler repairs...........
(c) Failure to perform riveted repairs 1,000 2,000
on stayed boiler portions in accordance
with established railroad practices or
accepted national standards for boiler
repairs................................
230.35 Failure to raise temperature of steam 1,000 2,000
locomotive boiler to 70 degrees F. before
applying hydrostatic pressure to the boiler
230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers:
(a) Failure to perform hydrostatic test 1,500 3,000
of boiler as required..................
(b) Failure to properly perform 1,500 3,000
hydrostatic test.......................
(c) Failure to properly inspect boiler 1,500 3,000
after conducting hydrostatic test above
MAWP...................................
230.37 Failure to perform proper steam test 1,000 2,000
or inspection of boiler after completion of
repair or alteration to boiler.............
230.38 Telltale holes:
(a) Failure to have telltale holes as 1,000 2,000
required in staybolts..................
(b) Failure to have proper telltale 1,000 2,000
holes in reduced body staybolts........
(c) Failure to keep telltales holes when 1,000 2,000
so required............................
230.39 Broken staybolts:
(a) Boiler in service with excess number 1,500 3,000
of broken staybolts....................
(b) Failure to replace staybolts when 1,500 3,000
required to do so; to properly replace
staybolts when so required; to inspect
adjacent staybolts when replacing
broken staybolts.......................
(c) Failure to count leaking, plugged, 1,500 3,000
or missing telltale holes as broken
staybolts..............................
(d) Closing telltale holes by prohibited 1,500 3,000
means..................................
230.40 Time and method of staybolt testing:
(a) Failure to hammer test staybolts 1,000 2,000
when so required.......................
(b) Failure to properly hammer test 1,000 2,000
staybolts..............................
230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps:
(a) Failure to inspect flexible 1,000 2,000
staybolts as required..................
(b) Failure to replace broken flexible 1,000 2,000
staybolts; failure to close inner ends
of telltale holes as required..........
(c) Failure to report removal of 1,000 2,000
flexible staybolts caps and other tests
on FRA Form No. 3 when so required.....
(d) Failure to remove staybolt caps or 1,000 2,000
otherwise test when FRA inspector or
steam locomotive owner and/or operator
consider it necessary to do so.........
230.42 Failure to have accurate boiler steam 2,000 4,000
gauge where engine crew can conveniently
read.......................................
230.43 Failure to have gauge siphon of 1,000 2,000
proper capacity on steam gauge supply pipe;
failure to properly clean, maintain the
steam gauge supply pipe....................
230.44 Failure to test steam gauge when so 1,000 2,000
required...................................
230.45 Failure to properly test and/or set 1,000 2,000
steam gauge................................
230.46 Failure to attach to boiler backhead 1,000 1,500
metal badge plate showing allowable steam
pressure...................................
230.47 Boiler Number:
(a) (b) (c) Failure to stamp builder's 1,000 1,500
number on boiler when number is known..
230.48 Number and capacity of safety relief
valves:
(a) Failure to equip steam locomotive 2,500 5,000
boiler with proper safety relief valves
(b) Failure to provide additional safety 3,000 6,000
relief valve capacity when so required.
230.49 Setting of safety relief valves:
(a) Safety relief valve(s) set and/or 2,500 5,000
adjusted by person not competent to do
so.....................................
[[Page 491]]
(b) Safety relief valve(s) not set to 2,500 5,000
open at prescribed pressure(s).........
(c) Safety relief valve(s) not properly 3,000 6,000
set....................................
(d) Set pressure of lowest safety relief 1,000 2,000
valve not properly indicated...........
230.50 Failure to test and adjust safety 1,500 3,000
relief valves when required to do so.......
230.51 Failure to equip steam locomotive 1,000 2,000
boiler with at least 2 properly installed
water glasses..............................
230.52 Failure to properly equip water 2,000 4,000
glasses....................................
230.53 Failure to properly clean water glass 1,000 2,000
valves and/or gauge cocks when required to
do so......................................
230.54 Testing and maintenance:
(a) Failure to properly test water 1,000 2,000
glasses and/or gauge cocks.............
(b) Failure to properly maintain gauge 1,500 3,000
cocks, water column drain valves, and/
or water glass valves..................
230.55 Tubular type water and lubricator
glasses and shields:
(a) Failure to renew tubular type water 1,000 2,000
glasses as required....................
(b) Failure to properly shield tubular 1,000 2,000
water glasses and/or lubricator glasses
(c) Failure to properly locate and/or 1,000 2,000
maintain water glasses and/or water
glass shields..........................
230.56 Failure to equip water glass with 1,000 2,000
suitable lamp..............................
230.57 Injectors and feedwater pumps:
(a) Failure to equip steam locomotive 3,000 6,000
with proper means for delivering water
to the boiler..........................
(b) Failure to properly test and/or 2,500 5,000
maintain injectors, feedwater pumps,
boiler checks, delivery pipes, feed
water pipes, tank hose, tank valves....
(c) Failure to properly brace injectors, 1,000 2,000
feedwater pumps, and/or associated
piping.................................
230.58 Flue plugs:
(a) Plugging flue plugs when not 1,000 2,000
otherwise permitted....................
(b) Improperly plugging flue plugs, when 1,000 2,000
otherwise permitted....................
230.59 Failure to remove and properly clean 1,500 3,000
fusible boiler plugs when required to do
so; failure to properly note removal.......
230.60 Time of washing:
(a) Failure to thoroughly wash boiler 1,000 2,000
when required to do so.................
(b) Failure to remove washout plugs, 1,500 3,000
arch tube plugs, thermic siphon plugs,
circulator plugs, water bar plugs when
washing locomotive boiler..............
(c) Failure to examine and/or properly 1,500 3,000
maintain washout plugs washout plug
sleeves, threaded openings.............
(d) Failure to clean fusible plugs when 1,500 3,000
required to do so......................
230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes,
circulators and thermic siphons:
(a) Failure to clean, wash, inspect arch 1,000 2,000
tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and
thermic siphons as required............
(b) Failure to renew arch tubes, water 1,500 3,000
bar tubes; failure to repair or renew
circulators, thermic siphons when
required...............................
(c) Failure to properly inspect and/or 1,500 3,000
replace as necessary arch tubes, water
bar tubes, circulators.................
230.62 Failure to properly inspect and/or 2,500 5,000
repair or replace as necessary dry pipes
subject to pressure........................
230.63 Failure to properly inspect smoke 1,500 3,000
box, steam pipes, pressure parts when
required to do so..........................
230.64 Failure to remove from service steam 1,500 3,000
locomotive boiler leaking under lagging
from condition which may reduce safety and/
or repair the boiler before returning to
service....................................
230.65 Failure to keep steam locomotive 1,000 2,000
boiler, piping, appurtenances in repair so
steam does not obscure vision..............
230.66 Failure to properly oversee general 1,000 2,000
design, construction, maintenance of steam
locomotive(s) and tender(s)................
230.67 Failure to ensure all steam 2,500 5,000
locomotives and tenders are properly
inspected and repaired and/or all defects
are properly repaired and steam locomotive
and/or tender are in good condition, safe
and suitable for service before being
returned to service........................
230.68 Failure to equip steam locomotive 1,000 1,500
that operates in excess of 20 miles per
hour over the general system with speed
indicator maintained to ensure accurate
functioning................................
230.69 Failure to equip steam locomotive 1,000 2,000
with properly supported ash pan with
operating mechanism that may be safely
operated and securely closed...............
230.70 Safe condition:
(a) Failure to perform proper pre- 1,000 2,000
departure inspection when so required..
(b) Failure to properly equip steam 1,000 2,000
locomotive with brake pipe valve
clearly identified as ``Emergency Brake
Valve''................................
230.71 Orifice testing of air compressors:..
(a)(b):
Failure to properly test and/or 1,000 2,000
maintain air compressor(s) capacity
230.72 Testing main reservoirs:
(a) Failure to properly test main 1,000 2,000
reservoir(s) when required.............
(b) Impermissibly or improperly drilling 1,000 2,000
main reservoir.........................
(c) Impermissibly using NDE method to 1,000 2,000
measure wall thickness of main
reservoir..............................
(d) Failure to use appropriate method of 1,500 3,000
NDE testing of wall thickness of welded
or riveted longitudinal lap seam main
reservoir(s); failure to withdraw main
reservoir(s) from service when testing
reveals insufficient wall thickness....
230.73 Air gauges:
(a) Failure to equip steam locomotive 1,000 1,500
with properly located air gauge(s) that
are no more than 3 psi in error........
[[Page 492]]
(b) Failure to test air gauge(s) when so 1,000 1,500
required...............................
(c) Failure to properly test air 1,000 1,500
gauge(s)...............................
230.74 Failure to properly clean and/or test 1,000 1,500
all air brake valves, related dirt
collectors, filters when required to do so.
230.75 Failure to properly stencil or 1,000 1,500
display date of testing and cleaning and
initials of shop or station performing work
230.76 Piston travel:
(a) Insufficient minimum piston travel.. 1,000 1,500
(b) Excessive piston travel when steam 1,000 2,000
locomotive is stationary...............
230.77 Foundation brake gear:
(a) Failure to properly maintain 1,000 2,000
foundation brake gear..................
(b) Foundation brake gear less than 2.5 1,000 2,000
inches above rail......................
230.78 Leakage:
(a):
(1) Failure to test for leakage from 1,000 1,500
main reservoir or related piping as
required...........................
(2) Failure to repair excessive 1,000 2,000
leakage from main reservoir or
related piping leakage.............
(b) Failure to test for brake cylinder 1,000 1,500
as required............................
(c):
(1) Failure to test for leakage from 1,000 2,000
steam locomotive brake pipe as
required...........................
(2) Failure to repair excessive 1,000 2,000
brake pipe leakage.................
230.79 Train signal system:
(1) Failure to test the train signal 1,000 1,500
system or other form of on-board
communication as required..........
(2) Failure to repair train signal 1,000 1,500
system or other on-board
communication when not safe or
suitable for service...............
230.80 Cabs:
(a) Steam locomotive cab not safe and 1,000 2,000
suitable for service...................
(b) Steam pipes: Construction, 1,000 2,000
attachment.............................
(c) Oil-burning steam locomotive, cab- 1,000 1,500
enclosed...............................
230.81 Cab aprons:
(a) Cab apron, general provisions....... 1,000 1,500
(b) Cab apron, insufficient width....... 1,000 1,500
230.82 Fire doors:
(a) Safe and suitable for service, 1,000 2,000
general provisions.....................
(b) Construction and maintenance of 1,000 2,000
mechanically operated fire doors.......
(c) Construction and maintenance of hand- 1,000 2,000
operated fire doors....................
230.83 Cylinder cocks:
(1) Failure to properly equip with 1,000 1,500
cylinder cocks.....................
(2) Failure to properly maintain 1,000 1,500
cylinder cocks.....................
230.84 Sanders:
(1) Inoperable sanders.............. 1,000 1,500
(2) Failure to test sanders......... 1,000 1,500
230.85 Audible warning devices:
(a) General provisions.................. 1,000 1,500
(b) Sound level measurements, Failure to 1,000 1,500
properly take..........................
230.86 Required illumination:
(a) General provisions.................. 1,000 1,500
(b) Dimming device, Failure to properly 1,000 1,500
equip with.............................
(c) Multiple locomotives, Failure of 1,000 1,500
lead locomotive to display headlight...
230.87 Cab lights: Failure to properly equip 1,000 2,000
with.......................................
230.88 Throttles: Failure to properly 1,000 2,000
maintain, equip............................
230.89 Reverse gear:
(a) General provisions.................. 1,000 2,000
(b) Air-operated power reverse gear..... 1,000 2,000
(c) Power reverse gear reservoirs....... 1,000 2,000
230.90 Draw gear and draft systems:
(a) Maintenance and testing............. 1,000 1,500
(b) Safety bars and chains, general..... 1,000 1,500
(c) Safety bars and chains, minimum 1,000 1,500
length.................................
(d) Lost motion between steam locomotive 1,000 1,500
and tender.............................
(e) Spring buffers: Improper 1,000 1,500
application, compression...............
230.91 Chafing irons: Improper application, 1,000 1,500
maintenance................................
230.92 Draw gear, draft systems: Improperly 1,000 1,500
maintained, fastened.......................
230.93 Pistons and piston rods:
(a) Failure to properly inspect, 1,000 2,000
maintain, renew........................
(b) Fasteners: Failure to keep tight, 1,000 2,000
properly equip.........................
230.94 Crossheads: Improperly maintained, 1,000 2,000
excess clearance...........................
230.95 Guides: Failure to securely fasten, 1,000 2,000
properly maintain..........................
230.96 Main, side, valve motion rods:
(a) General............................. 1,000 2,000
(b) Repairs.............................
(1) Failure to make in accordance 1,000 2,000
with accepted national standard....
[[Page 493]]
(2) Failure to submit written 1,000 2,000
request for approval prior to
welding............................
(c) Bearings and bushings........... 1,000 1,500
(d) Rod side motion: Excessive motion... 1,000 1,500
(e) Oil, grease cups: Failure to 1,000 1,500
securely fasten, properly equip........
(f) Main rod bearings:
(1) excessive bore.................. 1,000 1,500
(2) excessive lost motion........... 1,000 1,500
(g) Side rod bearings, excessive bore... 1,000 1,500
230.97 Crank pins:
(a) General provisions.................. 1,000 2,000
(b) Maintenance: Failure to maintain in 1,000 2,000
safe, suitable condition...............
230.98 Driving, trailing, engine truck
axles:
(a) Condemning defects.................. 1,000 2,000
(b) Journal diameter: Failure to stamp 750 1,000
on end of axle.........................
230.99 Tender truck axle: Insufficient 1,000 2,000
diameter...................................
230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and
journals:
(a) Tender truck axle condemning defects 1,000 2,000
(b) Tender truck journal condemning 1,000 2,000
defects................................
230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal
boxes:
(a) Driving journal boxes: Failure to 1,000 2,000
properly maintain......................
(b) Broken bearings: Failure to renew... 1,000 2,000
(c) Loose bearings: Failure to repair or 1,000 2,000
renew..................................
230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes: 1,000 1,500
Failure to repair..........................
230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes: 1,000 1,500
Failure to properly maintain...............
230.104 Driving box shoes and wedges: 1,000 1,500
Failure to properly maintain...............
230.105 Lateral motion:
(a) Condemning limits: Total lateral 1,000 1,500
motion in excess of....................
(b) Limits exceeded, failure to 1,000 1,500
demonstrate conditions require
additional lateral motion..............
(c) Interferes with other parts of steam 1,000 1,500
locomotive.............................
230.106 Steam locomotive frame:
(a) Failure to properly inspect and/or 1,000 2,000
maintain...............................
(b) Broken frames, not properly patched 2,500 5,000
or secured.............................
230.107 Tender frame and body:
(a) Failure to properly maintain........ 1,000 1,500
(b) Height difference between tender 1,000 1,500
deck and steam locomotive cab floor or
deck excessive.........................
(c) Gangway minimum width excessive..... 1,000 1,500
(d) Tender frame condemning defects..... 1,500 3,000
230.108 Steam locomotive leading and
trailing trucks:
(a) Failure to properly maintain........ 1,000 1,500
(b) Safety chain, suitable safety chain 1,000 1,500
not provided...........................
(c) Insufficient truck clearance........ 1,000 2,000
230.109 Tender trucks:
(a):
(1) Tender truck frames............. 1,000 2,000
(2) Tender truck center plate....... 1,000 2,000
(b) Tender truck bolsters: Failure to 1,500 3,000
properly maintain......................
(c) Condemning defects, springs and/or 1,000 2,000
spring rigging.........................
(d) Truck securing arrangement: Not 1,000 1,500
properly maintained....................
(e) Side bearings, truck centering 1,000 2,000
devices................................
(f) Friction side bearings: Run in 1,000 2,000
contact................................
(g):
(1) Side bearings, failure to equip 1,000 2,000
rear trucks with...................
(2) Insufficient clearance of....... 1,000 2,000
230.110 Pilots:
(a) General provisions.................. 1,000 1,500
(b) Clearance, insufficient or excessive 1,000 1,500
230.111 Spring rigging:
(a) Arrangement of springs and 1,000 2,000
equalizers.............................
(b) Spring or spring rigging condemning 1,000 2,000
defects................................
230.112 Wheels and tires:
(a) Improperly Mounted, excess variance 1,500 3,000
in axle diameter.......................
(b) Out of gage......................... 1,000 2,000
(c) Flange distance variance, excessive. 1,000 2,000
(d) Tire thickness, insufficient........ 1,000 2,000
(e) Tire width, insufficient............ 1,000 2,000
230.113 Wheels and tire defects:
(1) Failure to repair............... 1,000 2,000
(2) Welding on, except as otherwise 1,500 3,000
provided for.......................
(a) Cracks or breaks in................. 1,000 2,000
(b) Flat spots.......................... 1,000 2,000
(c) Chipped flange...................... 1,000 2,000
(d) Broken rim.......................... 1,000 2,000
[[Page 494]]
(e) Shelled-out spots................... 1,000 2,000
(f) Seams............................... 1,000 2,000
(g) Worn flanges, excessive wear........ 1,000 2,000
(h) Worn treads, excessive wear......... 1,000 2,000
(i) Flange height, insufficient or 1,000 2,000
excessive..............................
(j) Rim thickness, insufficient......... 1,000 2,000
(k) Wheel diameter, excessive variance.. 1,000 2,000
230.114 Wheel centers:
(a) Filling blocks and shims............ 1,000 2,000
(b) Wheel center condemning limits, 1,000 2,000
failure to repair......................
(c) Wheel center repairs................ 1,000 2,000
(d) Counterbalance maintenance.......... 1,000 2,000
230.115 Feed water tanks:
(a) General provisions.................. 1,000 2,000
(b) Inspection frequency, failure to 1,000 1,500
inspect as required....................
(c) Top of tender: Improperly maintained 1,000 1,500
and/or equipped........................
230.116 Oil tanks:
(1) Failure to properly maintain.... 2,500 5,000
(2) Failure to equip with complying 5,000 7,500
safety cut-off device..............
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Failure to observe any condition for movement set forth in Sec.
230.12 will deprive the railroad of the benefit of the movement-for-
repair provision and make the railroad and any responsible individuals
liable for penalty under the particular regulatory section(s)
concerning the substantive defect(s) present on the locomotive at the
time of movement. Failure to comply with Sec. 230.12 will result in
the lapse of any affected waiver.